Carbohydrate fermentation and nitrogen metabolism of a finishing beef diet by ruminal microbes in continuous cultures as affected by ethoxyquin and(or) supplementation of monensin and tylosin.
Long-term feedlot studies have shown positive effects (i.e., improved ADG and reduced morbidity and mortality) of dietary supplementation with ethoxyquin (AGRADO). This may be due to improving the antioxidant capacity at the ruminal, postruminal, or postabsorption levels. This study was designed to investigate the role of ethoxyquin at the rumen level. A finishing diet (12.5% CP; DM basis) was formulated to contain (on a DM basis) 77.5% flaked corn, 10% corn cobs, 10% protein/vitamin/mineral supplement, and 2.5% tallow. In a randomized complete block design experiment, the treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial. The main factors were two ethoxyquin treatments (without or with 150 ppm) and two monensin/tylosin treatments (without or with monensin and tylosin at 0.0028 and 0.0014% of dietary DM, respectively). Eight dual-flow, continuous culture fermenters were used in two experimental periods (blocks; 8 d each with 5 d for adjustment and 3 d for sample collection) to allow for four replications for each treatment. No interactions (P > 0.05) were detected for any of the measurements evaluated. Therefore, results of the main factors were summarized. Ethoxyquin supplementation improved (P < 0.05) true digestibility of OM (from 38.8 to 45.0%) but it did not alter (P > 0.05) concentrations of total VFA (averaging 131 mM) or acetate (averaging 58.8 mM). Ethoxyquin decreased (P < 0.05) propionate concentration from 51.1 to 42.4 mM and increased (P < 0.05) butyrate concentration from 18.4 to 22.9 mM. Digestion of total nonstructural carbohydrates was not altered (P > 0.05) by the treatments and averaged 86%. With the exception of increased (P < 0.05) concentration of propionate (from 42.0 to 51.5 mM) and decreased (P < 0.05) concentration of butyrate (from 25.9 to 16.3 mM), no effects (P > 0.05) were detected for monensin/tylosin. Ruminal N metabolism, including efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis (averaging 21.2 g N/kg OM truly digested), was not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Results suggest positive effects of ethoxyquin on ruminal digestion of OM and unique changes in VFA production.
Han
H
H
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, 89557, USA.
Hussein
H S
HS
Glimp
H A
HA
Saylor
D H
DH
Greene
L W
LW
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005015:Ethoxyquin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005285:Fermentation; D007476:Ionophores / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008985:Monensin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
D000975:Antioxidants; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007476:Ionophores; D008985:Monensin; D005015:Ethoxyquin; D009584:Nitrogen; D015645:Tylosin