title: The development of field-based measurement methods for radioactive fallout assessment.
abstract: An overview is provided on the development of field equipment, instrument systems, and methods of analyses that were used to assess the impact of radioactive fallout from atmospheric weapons tests. Included in this review are developments in fallout collection, aerosols measurements in surface air, and high-altitude sampling with aircraft and balloons. In addition, developments in radiation measurements are covered in such areas as survey and monitoring instruments, in situ gamma-ray spectrometry, and aerial measurement systems. The history of these developments and the interplay with the general advances in the field of radiation and radioactivity metrology are highlighted. An emphasis is given as to how the modifications and improvements in the instruments and methods over time led to their adaptation to present-day applications to radiation and radioactivity measurements.
authors: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, New York, NY 10014-4811, USA. kevin.miller@eml.doe.gov
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Miller
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Larsen
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000266:history; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis / Q000266:history*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout