title: Bilateral testicular tumors: a report of nine cases with long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence and clinical features of bilateral germ cell testicular tumor (GCTT) in the Japanese population are not fully characterized. We examined the incidence, clinical features, management and outcome, sexual status, hormonal environment, implication of androgen replacement, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of bilateral GCTT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated nine consecutive patients with bilateral GCTT from 1980 through to 1999, and reviewed their hospital and clinic charts. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were measured in bilateral orchiectomized patients. Human leukocyte antigen typing was assessed with peripheral lymphocyte.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of bilateral GCTT against the total number of patients with GCTT was 9/274 (3.3%). The median age of the first tumor was 29 (range 21-75) years. Three cases were synchronous and the remaining six cases were metachronous. In the case of metachronous tumor, the median interval between first and contralateral tumor was 8 (range 2-25) years. Standard treatment was defined as surveillance policy in stage I, chemotherapy for higher stages of non-seminoma, and radiotherapy for stage II seminoma. Human leukocyte antigen typing was examined for seven cases. Five cases were positive for HLA-A24. The incidence of HLA-A24 in bilateral GCTT was identical to that of the Japanese population. The relapsing incidence of stage I disease with surveillance policy was almost identical to unilateral GCTT. A 74-year-old patient with stage II seminoma died of the disease at 1.3 years. The other eight patients remained well without any evidence of recurrence at a median follow-up period of 78 (range 12-204) months. Four patients with bilateral orchiectomy did not require androgen replacement without easy fatigability. Sexual status was conserved using androgen replacement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term follow-up, as long as 25 years, is recommended for contralateral relapse. Some patients with bilateral orchiectomy do not require androgen replacement. The significance of HLA-A24 for bilateral testicular tumor is equivocal in the Japanese population.
authors: Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. coyama@uro.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: Chikara
authors: C
authors: Ohyama
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kyan
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Satoh
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Saito
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Nishimura
authors: Yoshitada
authors: Y
authors: Imai
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Oikawa
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Kenishi
authors: K
authors: Suzuki
authors: Mutsuo
authors: M
authors: Takeuchi
authors: Senji
authors: S
authors: Hoshi
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Orikasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009919:Orchiectomy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D006680:HLA Antigens; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone