Stimulant-induced psychosis and schizophrenia: the role of sensitization.
Three different conditions, psychostimulant-induced behavioral sensitization in rodents, psychostimulant-induced psychoses in human, and chronic schizophrenia show similar longitudinal alternations, progressively enhanced susceptibility to abnormal behaviors, psychotic state, and relapse. Sensitization phenomena to the drugs or endogenous dopamine should be involved in the mechanisms underlying the development of such susceptibility. Recently, an enhanced dopamine release in vivo by amphetamine administration in the striatum has been shown in schizophrenics, which is a replication of that previously proven in the behavioral sensitization in rats. Accordingly, common molecular mechanisms of sensitization phenomena must develop in these three conditions, and are overviewed in this review
Ujike
Hiroshi
H
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. hujike@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism*
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D004298:Dopamine