title: Curing-light intensity and depth of cure of resin-based composites tested according to international standards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several factors control the light curing of a resin-based composite: the composition of the composite, the shade of the composite, the wavelength and bandwidth of the curing light, the distance of the light from the composite, the intensity of the curing light and the irradiation time. The authors investigated the depth of cure of several shades of five brands of resin-based composites when irradiated via light in the 400- to 515-nanometer wavelength bandwidth at the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, recommended intensity of 300 milliwatts per square centimeter. The resin-based composites were irradiated for the times recommended by the products' manufacturers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used a curing light adjusted to emit 300 mW/cm2 in the 400-nm to 515-nm wavelength bandwidth to polymerize five samples of each composite brand type and shade. They measured depth of cure using a scraping method described in the ISO standard for resin-based composites. Depth of cure was defined as 50 percent of the length of the composite specimen after uncured material was removed by manual scraping. The authors determined a mean from the five samples of each composite brand and shade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen (62 percent) of 21 composite materials met the ISO standard depth-of-cure requirement of 1.5 millimeters. Six of the eight remaining materials met the depth-of-cure requirement when the authors doubled the irradiation time recommended by the product manufacturers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curing lights with an intensity of 300 mW/cm2 appear to effectively cure most resin-based composite materials when appropriate curing times are used, which, in some cases, are longer than those recommended by the manufacturers. Dentists should verify the depth of cure of a composite material as a baseline measure, and then check depth of cure periodically to confirm light and material performance. The ISO depth-of-cure measurement method can be used for this purpose.
authors: Division of Science, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. fanp@ada.org
authors: P L
authors: PL
authors: Fan
authors: Ryan M
authors: RM
authors: Schumacher
authors: Kristy
authors: K
authors: Azzolin
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Geary
authors: Frederick C
authors: FC
authors: Eichmiller
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003748:Dental Equipment; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D013193:Stainless Steel