title: The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder.
abstract: This study examined the persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into young adulthood using hyperactive (N = 147) and community control (N = 71) children evaluated at ages 19-25 years. ADHD was rare in both groups (5% vs. 0%) based on self-report but was substantially higher using parent reports (46% vs. 1.4%). Using a developmentally referenced criterion (+2 SD), prevalence remained low for self-reports (12% vs. 10%) but rose further for parent reports (66% vs. 8%). Parent reports were more strongly associated with major life activities than were self-reports. Recollections of childhood ADHD showed moderate correlations with actual parent ratings collected in childd hood, which suggests some validity for such recollections. The authors conclude that previous follow-up studies that relied on self-reports might have substantially underestimated the persistence of ADHD into adulthood.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA. barkleyr@ummhc.org
authors: Russell A
authors: RA
authors: Barkley
authors: Mariellen
authors: M
authors: Fischer
authors: Lori
authors: L
authors: Smallish
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010553:Personality Development