title: Polyphenols in red wine inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of LNCaP cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of five polyphenol constituents of red wine (quercetin, morin, rutin, gallic acid and tannic acid) on the proliferation of LNCaP cells, and to quantify the extent of apoptosis with each polyphenol.
  
  
  METHODS
  LNCaP cells (500) were cultured in microtitre plates and treated with gallic acid, tannic acid, quercetin (1, 5 and 10 micromol/L), rutin and morin (25, 50 and 75 micromol/L). A colorimetric immunoassay was then used to determine the extent of proliferation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and a cell-death detection assay to assess apoptosis at 24, 48 and 72 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallic and tannic acid (5 and 10 micromol/L), morin (50 and 75 micromol/L), quercetin (5 and 10 micromol/L) and rutin (50 and 75 micromol/L) all significantly inhibited (P<0.05) cell proliferation compared with the control. Apoptotic indexes were significantly greater (P<0.01) in the presence of gallic (5 and 10 micromol/L) and tannic acid (5 and 10 micromol/L), and rutin (75 micromol/L, P<0.05) than in the control. The apoptotic effect of morin (75 micromol/L), although significant (P<0.01), only appeared at 72 h. Conversely, while significant (P<0.05) quercetin (5 and 10 micromol/L) had a transient (first 48 h) apoptotic effect compared with the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin, rutin, morin, gallic acid and tannic acid inhibited the growth of LNCaP cells at different concentrations, and induced apoptosis. The results provide a strong rationale for studying the in vivo effects of these compounds.
authors: Department of Urology, Getafe University Medical Centre, Madrid, Spain.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Romero
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Páez
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ferruelo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Luján
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Berenguer
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002151:Calorimetry / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014920:Wine; D047309:Flavones
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D005707:Gallic Acid; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D011794:Quercetin; D012431:Rutin; C008548:morin; D047309:Flavones