title: Prognostic implications of autonomic function assessed by analyses of catecholamines and heart rate variability in stable angina pectoris.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prognostic impact of autonomic activity, as reflected by catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV), in patients with stable angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind, randomised treatment with metoprolol or verapamil. 24 hour ambulatory ECG, used for frequency domain analyses of HRV, and symptom limited exercise tests at baseline and after one month of treatment. Catecholamine concentrations were measured in plasma (rest and exercise) and urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single centre at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  641 patients (449 men) with stable angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow up (median 40 months) there were 27 CV deaths and 26 MIs. Patients who died of CV causes had lower total power and high (HF), low (LF), and very low (VLF) frequency components of HRV. HRV was not altered in patients who suffered non-fatal MI. Catecholamines did not differ between patients with and those without events. Metoprolol increased HRV. Verapamil decreased noradrenaline (norepinephrine) excretion. Multivariate Cox analyses showed that total power, HF, LF, and VLF independently predicted CV death (also non-sudden death) but not MI. LF:HF ratios and catecholamines were not related to prognosis. Treatment effects on HRV did not influence prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low HRV predicted CV death but not non-fatal MI. Neither the LF:HF ratio nor catecholamines carried any prognostic information. Metoprolol and verapamil influenced LF, HF, and catecholamines differently but treatment effects were not related to prognosis.
authors: Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Forslund
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Björkander
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ericson
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Held
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kahan
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Rehnqvist
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Hjemdahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D013565:Sympatholytics; D014700:Verapamil; D008790:Metoprolol