title: Cyclic AMP blocks cell growth through Raf-1-dependent and Raf-1-independent mechanisms.
abstract: It is widely accepted that cyclic AMP (cAMP) can block cell growth by phosphorylating Raf-1 on serine 43 and inhibiting signaling to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. We show that the suppression of Raf-1 by cAMP is considerably more complex than previously reported. When cellular cAMP is elevated, Raf-1 is phosphorylated on three residues (S43, S233, and S259), which work independently to block Raf-1. Both Ras-dependent and Ras-independent processes are disrupted. However, when cAMP-insensitive versions of Raf-1 are expressed in NIH 3T3 cells, their growth is still strongly suppressed when cAMP is elevated. Thus, although Raf-1 appears to be an important cAMP target, other pathways are also targeted by cAMP, providing alternative mechanisms that lead to suppression of cell growth.
authors: Cancer Research UK Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Dumaz
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Light
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Marais
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine