title: Visualization of Ca2+ entry through single stretch-activated cation channels.
abstract: Stretch-activated channels (SACs) have been found in smooth muscle and are thought to be involved in myogenic responses. Although SACs have been shown to be Ca(2+) permeable when Ca(2+) is the only charge carrier, it has not been clearly demonstrated that significant Ca(2+) passes through SACs in physiological solutions. By imaging at high temporal and spatial resolution the single-channel Ca(2+) fluorescence transient (SCCaFT) arising from Ca(2+) entry through a single SAC opening, we provide direct evidence that significant Ca(2+) can indeed pass through SACs and increase the local [Ca(2+)]. Results were obtained under conditions where the only source of Ca(2+) was the physiological salt solution in the patch pipette containing 2 mM Ca(2+). Single smooth muscle cells were loaded with fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester, and the fluorescence was recorded by using a wide-field digital imaging microscope while SAC currents were simultaneously recorded from cell-attached patches. Fluorescence increases at the cell-attached patch were clearly visualized before the simultaneous global Ca(2+) increase that occurred because of Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels when the membrane was depolarized by inward SAC current. From measurements of total fluorescence ("signal mass") we determined that about 18% of the SAC current is carried by Ca(2+) at membrane potentials more negative than the resting level. This would translate into at least a 0.35-pA unitary Ca(2+) current at the resting potential. Such Ca(2+) currents passing through SACs are sufficient to activate large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and, as shown previously, to trigger Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. imaging.ionchannels@umassmed.edu
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Zou
authors: Lawrence M
authors: LM
authors: Lifshitz
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Tuft
authors: Kevin E
authors: KE
authors: Fogarty
authors: Joshua J
authors: JJ
authors: Singer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002024:Bufo marinus; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002412:Cations / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002412:Cations; D002118:Calcium