title: HIV-1-Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ AKT-dependent survival pathways in Kaposi's sarcoma cells.
abstract: In this study we found that Tat protected vincristine-treated Kaposi's sarcoma cells from apoptosis and from down-regulation of several anti-apoptotic genes such as AKT-1, AKT-2, BCL2, BCL-XL, and insulin-like growth factor I and induced the de novo expression of the interleukin-3 gene. Moreover, we found that Tat enhanced phosphorylation of AKT and BAD proteins. The inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with two unrelated pharmacological inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, abrogated both the anti-apoptotic effect and the phosphorylation of AKT induced by Tat. After treatment with Tat, the AKT enzymatic activity showed a biphasic increase: an early activation (15 min), independent from protein synthesis; and a delayed activation (24 h), which was significantly decreased upon blockage of protein synthesis. Experiments with a function blocking anti-vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2 antibody suggested that both the early and delayed AKT activation and the protection from apoptosis were triggered by the interaction of Tat with vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2. Moreover, experiments with function-blocking antibodies directed against insulin-like growth factor I/insulin-like growth factor I receptor or interleukin-3 indicated their involvement in the delayed activation of AKT and their contribution to the anti-apoptotic effect of Tat on vincristine-treated Kaposi's sarcoma cells.
authors: Cattedra di Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna Università di Torino, Centro Ricerca Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), Italy.
authors: Maria Chiara
authors: MC
authors: Deregibus
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Cantaluppi
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Doublier
authors: Maria Felice
authors: MF
authors: Brizzi
authors: Ilaria
authors: I
authors: Deambrosis
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Albini
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Camussi
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human