title: An analysis of time factors in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Osaka Prefecture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain important factors in the improvement of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates through analysis of data for Osaka Prefecture with the focus on time factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study according to the Utstein style.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osaka Prefecture (population 8,830,000) served by a single emergency medical services system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive prehospital cardiac arrests occurring between May 1998 and April 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-year survival from cardiac arrest, and time factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 5047 cases of confirmed cardiac arrests, resuscitation was attempted in 4871 subjects. Of the 982 cases of cardiac origin and witnessed by bystanders, 31 (3.2%) were still alive, and of the 576 cases of non-cardiac origin and witnessed by bystanders, ten (1.7%) were still alive at the 1 year follow-up. The median time from receipt of the emergency call until ambulance arrival was 5 min and that from receipt of the call until the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was 7 min. For the 214 patients for whom defibrillation was attempted, the median time from receipt of the call until the first shock was 15 min. The median time from receipt of the call until departure of the ambulance from the scene was 16 min and that until arrival of the ambulance at a hospital was 22 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study using the standardized format according to the Utstein style clearly elucidates the specific delay of the start of defibrillation by paramedics and also indicates the inappropriate rule for this procedure in Japan.
authors: Osaka Prefectural Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Tsukumodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan. prehospital@senri-ccms.suita.osaka.jp
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Hiraide
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Morita
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Shinya
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Nishiuchi
authors: Shinzo
authors: S
authors: Mukainaka
authors: Tatsuro
authors: T
authors: Kai
authors: Chiiho
authors: C
authors: Fujii
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data