title: Immunological activity of larch arabinogalactan and Echinacea: a preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: The immunomodulating effects of two Echinacea species, E. purpurea and E. angustifolia and larch arabinogalactan extracted from Larix occidentalis were examined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective four-week clinical trial at a naturopathic medical school research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight healthy female volunteers (22-51 y) were randomly assigned to one of six groups: standardized extract of E. purpurea (EP); ultra-refined E. purpurea/E. angustifolia (urEPA); E. purpurea/E. angustifolia (EPA); E. purpurea/E. angustifolia plus larch arabinogalactan (EPALA); larch arabinogalactan (LA); or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunological tests with enumerative measurements, stool cultures for Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Medical Outcomes Study derived SF-36 self-administered questionnaire were assessed at baseline and at four weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complement properdin increased by 21 percent in the EPA group (p<0.05) and by 18 percent in the EPALA group (p<0.05), compared to the placebo group (p>0.05). SF-36 showed improvements in overall physical health, vitality, and emotional health in the same two groups (EPA and EPALA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volunteers in the EPA and EPALA groups had increased production of complement properdin after four weeks of intervention. The increased complement properdin may be an indication of one aspect of immune system stimulation in patients treated with either E. purpurea/E. angustifolia or E. purpurea/E. angustifolia plus larch arabinogalactan.
authors: Research Department, Southwest College, Arizona, USA. l.kim@scnm.edu
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Kim
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Waters
authors: Peter M
authors: PM
authors: Burkholder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011414:Properdin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D005685:Galactans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011414:Properdin; C005653:arabinogalactan