title: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry outcomes in male COPD patients after treatment with different glucocorticoid regimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare bone mineral density (BMD) outcomes of patients who received continuous oral systemic glucocorticoids (GCs) with BMD outcomes of patients who received multiple GC courses, oral or IV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six white men with COPD selected from the outpatient clinic for pulmonary diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysis from medical records, bone densitometry, and pulmonary function tests of consecutive selected patients. Inclusion period into the study was exactly 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients received oral prednisolone daily (group 1). Eleven patients were treated for several exacerbations with multiple systemic prednisolone courses, up to a period of 2 weeks per course, with a cumulative dose of > or = 1,000 mg (group 2). Likewise, 28 patients were treated with multiple systemic prednisolone courses, but with a cumulative dose < 1,000 mg (group 3). Thirty-seven patients were never treated with systemic prednisolone, and partly with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) [group 4]. All groups were balanced for age and pack-years of smoking. In group 2, body mass index (BMI) and FEV(1) were lowest and hyperinflation was highest. The cumulative systemic prednisolone dose was highest in group 1, irrespective of the additional ICS treatments. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck regions revealed a T score < or = 2.5 SD in 27 patients (31%), 31 patients (36%), and 34 patients (40%), respectively. BMD outcomes at any site were lower in patients receiving multiple systemic prednisolone courses > 1,000 mg, cumulatively (group 2), compared to the other groups, and these values were (mean +/- 1 SD) 0.759 +/- 0.238 g/cm(2), 0.683 +/- 0.115 g/cm(2), and 0.686 +/- 0.125 g/cm(2), respectively (p < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a correlation between the cumulative dose of prednisolone in group 2 and BMD of the lumbar spine (adjusted r = 0.48; p < 0.01). At the total hip and femoral neck regions, only a correlation between BMI and BMD was observed (adjusted r = 0.65 and 0.58, respectively; p < 0.0001 for both sites).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a far lower cumulative GC dose in comparison with patients treated with systemic corticosteroids continuously, after adjusting for BMI and lung function, osteoporosis of the lumbar spine was most frequent in patients receiving > 1,000 mg of prednisolone cumulatively, administered in multiple courses for the treatment of exacerbations of COPD.
authors: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Reinier de Graaf Groep Delft and Voorburg, the Netherlands.
authors: Emile F
authors: EF
authors: Dubois
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Röder
authors: P N Richard
authors: PN
authors: Dekhuijzen
authors: Aeilco E
authors: AE
authors: Zwinderman
authors: Dave H
authors: DH
authors: Schweitzer
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012115:Residual Volume; D014109:Total Lung Capacity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone