title: Nuclear competence for maturation and pronuclear formation in mouse oocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In response to gonadotrophins, a fully grown mouse oocyte matures to the metaphase of the second meiotic division and becomes competent for the development of female and male pronuclei after fertilization. The present study was carried out to clarify when during the growth period an oocyte nucleus acquires the ability to promote pronuclei formation after fertilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fully grown germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were enucleated and fused with nuclei from growing oocytes from 1-20 day old mice by standard nuclear transfer technique. The reconstructed oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro, and pronuclear formation was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oocytes whose nuclei were exchanged for those of the non-growing-stage oocytes matured to the metaphase of the second meiotic stage, but no normal female pronuclei were formed. Female pronuclei first formed in 27% of the oocytes reconstituted with the nuclei of oocytes from 8 day old pups after fertilization. Recondensed sperm chromatin was detected in 27% of the oocytes reconstructed with oocyte nuclei from 8 day old mice, and a male pronucleus was first formed in 6% of the oocytes that had been reconstructed with the nuclei of oocytes from 15 day old mice. The sizes of the female and male pronuclei increased with oocyte donor age, and reached normal size when the oocytes from 15 and 20 day old mice respectively were used. An electron microscopic study using oocytes that had received the oocyte nuclei of 8 day old mice confirmed these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factors required for pronuclear formation are derived from fully grown GV oocytes, and the transformation from decondensed sperm chromatin to a recondensed male pronucleus is governed by GV-derived factors.
authors: Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Siqin
authors: S
authors: Bao
authors: Yayoi
authors: Y
authors: Obata
authors: Yukiko
authors: Y
authors: Ono
authors: Nana
authors: N
authors: Futatsumata
authors: Shueo
authors: S
authors: Niimura
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Kono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004229:Dithiothreitol