title: Effects of sludge filtrate on the survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the runoff from croplands fertilized with municipal sludge was toxic to aquatic biota and, therefore, a potential threat to either public health or the environment. Seven-day bioassays with Ceriodaphnia dubia showed that the No-Observed-Effect-Concentration (NOEC) was 24 g/L and the Lowest-Observed-Effect-Concentration (LOEC) for survival was 30 g/L for soil samples treated with 35.2 metric tonnes (MT)/ha of municipal sludge. For soil samples treated with 0 and 17.6 MT/ha of sludge, the survival rates of C. dubia were not significantly affected at concentrations of 6-30 g/L of soil. Reproduction was suppressed by 25% when daphnids were exposed to 3.3 g/L concentration of soil treated with sludge at 35.2 MT/ha. A 50% suppression of reproduction occurred when daphnids were exposed to 15 g/L concentration of soil treated with sludge at 17.6 MT/ha. A sludge application rate of 17.6 MT/ha suppressed reproduction at a treatment concentration of 18 g/L. These data indicate that the runoff from agricultural lands treated with municipal sludge has the potential to affect reproduction in daphnids and, therefore, the environment through the aquatic food chain.
authors: US Geological Survey, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-2120, USA.
authors: Syama S
authors: SS
authors: Veerina
authors: Nick C
authors: NC
authors: Parker
authors: Clifford B
authors: CB
authors: Fedler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005308:Fertilizers; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants