Identification and physical characterization of the HbpR binding sites of the hbpC and hbpD promoters.
Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1 can use 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl as sole carbon and energy sources by means of the hbp regulon. This regulon is composed of three genes, hbpCA and hbpD, coding for enzymes of a meta-cleavage pathway and the hbpR gene, which codes for a XylR/DmpR-type transcription regulator. It was previously shown that HbpR activates transcription from two sigma(54)-dependent promoters, P(hbpC) and P(hbpD), in the presence of 2-HBP. In this study, by using gel mobility shift assays with a purified fusion protein containing calmodulin binding protein (CBP) and HbpR, we detected two binding regions for HbpR in P(hbpC) and one binding region in P(hbpD). DNase I footprints of the proximal binding region of P(hbpC) and of the binding region in P(hbpD) showed that CBP-HbpR protected a region composed of two inverted repeat sequences which were homologous to the binding sites identified for XylR. Unlike the situation in the XylR/P(u) system, we observed simultaneous binding of CBP-HbpR on the two upstream activating sequences (UASs). Fragments with only one UAS did not show an interaction with HbpR, indicating that both pairs of UASs are needed for HbpR binding. The addition of both ATP and 2-HBP increased the DNA binding affinity of HbpR. These results showed for the first time that, for regulators of the XylR/DmpR type, the effector positively affects the recruitment of the regulatory protein on the enhancer DNA.
Tropel
David
D
Process of Environmental Microbiology and Molecular Ecotoxicology, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
van der Meer
Jan Roelof
JR
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C448925:HBP2 protein; C403328:HbpR protein, Pseudomonas azelaica; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C074322:XylR protein, Pseudomonas; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I