title: Risks to feet in the top end: outcomes of diabetic foot complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The foot complications of diabetes are severe, disabling, costly and common in the Northern Territory. An understanding of the pathogenesis, the disease spectrum and treatment efficacy, however, is poor. The patterns of disease are documented in the present study; factors associated with good and poor outcomes are identified; and improved management strategies are proposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting to the High Risk Foot Service at Royal Darwin Hospital between March 1997 and March 2000 were included in the present study, and details regarding the status of their feet, their demographics, their treatment and their outcomes were recorded prospectively. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to determine associations between factors of interest and outcomes of healing and amputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-six patients were recorded, 41% of whom had neuropathic ulcers and 63% of whom had severe disease at presentation. Two types of diabetic foot pathology were recognized that are not usually classified: acute injury without neuropathy (10%) and deep soft tissue infection alone (9%).Thirty-seven percent and 23% of patients required minor and major amputations, respectively. The total number of hospital bed-days was 5813. Total contact casting was associated with good healing rates in 16 patients. Major amputation was associated with ischaemia, severe disease at presentation and increasing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of diabetic foot disease which are not commonly recognized are described in the present study; the severity and cost of the problem are documented; and some factors which lead to poor outcome, such as late presentation, are identified. Attention should be paid, through a multidisciplinary team, to timely referral from primary care, patient education, total contact casts and appropriate revascularization.
authors: Flinders University Northern Territory Clinical School and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. ti_orourke@bigpond.com
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: O'Rourke
authors: Sam
authors: S
authors: Heard
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Treacy
authors: Russell
authors: R
authors: Gruen
authors: Cherie
authors: C
authors: Whitbread
mesh_terms: D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D005734:Gangrene / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome