title: 3D MR angiography of renal arteries: comparison of volume rendering and maximum intensity projection algorithms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) as postprocessing techniques of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for detection and quantification of renal artery stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients underwent three-dimensional contrast material-enhanced MR angiography of the renal arteries with a 1.5-T imager. For each renal artery, targeted MIP and VR images were reconstructed in oblique coronal and transverse orientations. For each modality, image generation and evaluation were performed interactively by two independent radiologists blinded to angiographic results. In comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings, stenosis quantification and detection by using MIP and VR were evaluated with the use of 50% and 70% cutoff points by using linear regression analysis and 2 x 2 tables. Overall image quality and vascular delineation on MIP and VR images were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All main and accessory renal arteries depicted at DSA were also demonstrated on MIP and VR images. VR performed slightly better than MIP for quantification of stenoses greater than 50% (VR: r(2) = 0.84, P <.001; MIP: r(2) = 0.38, P =.001) and significantly better for severe stenoses (VR: r(2) = 0.83, P <.001; MIP: r(2) = 0.21, P =.1). For detection of stenosis, VR yielded a substantial improvement in positive predictive value (VR: 95% and 90%; MIP: 86% and 68% for stenoses greater than 50% and 70%, respectively). Image quality obtained with VR was not significantly better than that with MIP; however, vascular delineation on VR images was significantly better.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VR technique of renal MR angiography enabled more accurate detection and quantification of renal artery stenosis than did MIP, with significantly improved vascular delineation.
authors: Department of Radiology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ammar.mallouhi@uibk.ac.at
authors: Ammar
authors: A
authors: Mallouhi
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Schocke
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Judmaier
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Wolf
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Dessl
authors: Benedikt V
authors: BV
authors: Czermak
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Waldenberger
authors: Werner R
authors: WR
authors: Jaschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016014:Linear Models; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media