Cloning pigs: advances and applications.
Although mouse embryonic stem cells have been used widely for over a decade as an important tool for introducing precise genetic modification into the genome, demonstrating the great value of this technology in a range of biomedical applications, similar technology does not exist for domestic animals. However, the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer has bypassed the need for embryonic stem cells from livestock. The production of offspring from differentiated cell nuclei provides information and opportunities in a number of areas including cellular differentiation, early development and ageing. However, the primary significance of cloning is probably in the opportunities that this technology brings to genetic manipulation. Potential applications of gene targeting in livestock species are described with particular emphasis on the generation of pigs that can be used for xenotransplantation, and the production of improved models for human physiology and disease. The development of techniques for somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs and the challenges associated with this technology are also reviewed.
Polejaeva
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PPL Therapeutics Inc., 1700 Kraft Drive, Suite 2400, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. ipolejaeva@ppl-therapeutics.com
D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006107:Granulosa Cells; D023421:Models, Animal; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous