title: Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid to detect biologic markers of breast cancer.
abstract: The early detection of breast cancer is the best means to minimise disease-related mortality. Current screening techniques have limited sensitivity and specificity. Breast nipple aspirate fluid can be obtained noninvasively and contains proteins secreted from ductal and lobular epithelia. Nipple aspirate fluid proteins are breast specific and generally more concentrated than corresponding blood levels. Proteomic analysis of 1 microl of diluted nipple aspirate fluid over a 5-40 kDa range from 20 subjects with breast cancer and 13 with nondiseased breasts identified five differentially expressed proteins. The most sensitive and specific proteins were 6500 and 15 940 Da, found in 75-84% of samples from women with cancer but in only 0-9% of samples from normal women. These findings suggest that (1) differential expression of nipple aspirate fluid proteins exists between women with normal and diseased breasts, and (2) analysis of these proteins may predict the presence of breast cancer.
authors: Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut St., Ste 605, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Edward.Sauter@mail.tju.edu
authors: Edward R
authors: ER
authors: Sauter
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zhu
authors: X-J
authors: XJ
authors: Fan
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Wassell
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Chervoneva
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Du Bois
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020543:Proteome