title: Amperometric enzyme biosensors based on optimised electron-transfer pathways and non-manual immobilisation procedures.
abstract: Development of reagentless biosensors implies the tight and functional immobilisation of biological recognition elements on transducer surfaces. Specifically, in the case of amperometric enzyme electrodes, electron-transfer pathways between the immobilised redox protein and the electrode surface have to be established allowing a fast electron transfer concomitantly avoiding free-diffusing redox species. Based on the specific nature of different redox proteins and non-manual immobilisation procedures possible biosensor designs are discussed, namely biosensors based on (i) direct electron transfer between redox proteins and electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers; (ii) anisotropic orientation of redox proteins at monolayer-modified electrodes; (iii) electron-transfer cascades via redox hydrogels; and (iv) electron-transfer via conducting polymers.
authors: Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. wolfgang.schuhmann@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Schuhmann
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D020100:Hydrogels; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011108:Polymers
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers