title: Anterior cervical fusion with carbon fiber cage containing coralline hydroxyapatite: preliminary observations in 45 consecutive cases of soft-disc herniation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of bone substitutes for anterior cervical fusion (ACF) are immediate biomechanical support and osteointegration of the graft. The authors report their preliminary results in performing ACF in which carbon fiber cages (CFCs) containing coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) are used as bone substitute.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 24-month period, anterior microsurgical discectomy was performed in 45 consecutive patients for soft-disc cervical herniation. In all cases ACF was performed using a CFC containing a core of granulated coralline HA. Fifty-seven CFCs were implanted in 33 single-level and 12 two-level procedures. The mean operative time was 83 minutes for one-level and 97 minutes for two-level procedures. The mean hospital stay was 1.51 days, and there were no permanent complications. At a mean follow up of 22.3 months, the pain had decreased or disappeared in all patients, and the patients' satisfaction rate was very high. Good results were also obtained in patients who smoked cigarettes. Patients underwent radiographic evaluation at Day 1, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Implant-related complications were not observed and revision surgeries were not performed. Twelve-month cervical x-ray films demonstrated complete fusion in all cases, without evidence of breakage, collapse, pseudarthrosis, subsidence, angular deformity, or protrusion. Signs of pathological absorption and necrosis were not found in contiguous vertebral bodies, and inflammatory reactions were never seen around cages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest that implants composed of CFC containing granulated coralline HA are promising bone substitutes to be used in ACF, with a good rate of incorporation and no significant complications.
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors: Umberto
authors: U
authors: Agrillo
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Mastronardi
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Puzzilli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C119955:coralline hydroxyapatite; D002244:Carbon