title: Verapamil treatment for women with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Additional pharmacological treatments are needed for patients with bipolar disorder. We describe our experience with verapamil in an inclusive, sequential series of outpatient women (some pregnant) with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women who were prescribed verapamil for bipolar disorder (n = 37) were included. We used the criterion of 50% reduction in scores on the Mania Rating Scale or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to define response for women who were treated for an acute episode of bipolar hypomania/mania or depression, respectively. For euthymic women who chose verapamil maintenance treatment, we evaluated whether they met criteria for a recurrent episode during therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment for acute episodes was initiated in 28 women. Of women with depression and mania, 39% and 100% responded, respectively. Seven of the nine patients (77%) with mixed states responded: all seven improved to response criterion on the mania scale, and two responded on the depression scales as well. Six of eight patients who received continuation therapy remained well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence that verapamil is effective for mania. The response rate for mania compares favorably to that for other mood stabilizers. After decades of case reports and underpowered clinical trials, we must definitively study verapamil for efficacy and gender specificity in bipolar disorder.
authors: Women's Mental HealthCARE, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors: Katherine L
authors: KL
authors: Wisner
authors: Kathleen S
authors: KS
authors: Peindl
authors: James M
authors: JM
authors: Perel
authors: Barbara H
authors: BH
authors: Hanusa
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Piontek
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Baab
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D014700:Verapamil