title: Effects of density and perch availability on the immune status of broilers.
abstract: This study attempted to evaluate the effect of various housing densities and perch availability on the immune status of commercial broilers. Birds were raised from hatch to 42 d of age with 10, 15, and 20 birds/m2 in pens, with and without the availability of horizontal perches. The immune parameters that were assessed were lymphoid organ weights, antibody response to SRBC in the last 10 d of growth, heterophil:lymphocyte ratios at 32 and 42 d of age, and lymphocyte blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes collected at 32 and 42 d of age. As density increased, bursa weight and bursa/body weight ratios decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Addition of perches to the pens also significantly decreased the bursa weights and bursa/body weight index (P < 0.01). No other significant effects were observed for the flock performance, morphometric data, or immunological tests between treatments. We concluded that under the conditions of this study, which tried to simulate commercial conditions, the bursal weight was the best indicator of stress that was related to housing density. Addition of perches appeared to increase this level of stress because the birds used the perches infrequently, and therefore there might have been a further reduction in the availability of floor space to the birds.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland at College Park, 20742, USA. rh175@umail.umd.edu
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Heckert
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Estevez
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Russek-Cohen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pettit-Riley
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D003441:Crowding; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011156:Population Density; D013037:Spatial Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*; D015430:Weight Gain