title: Sneeze-induced visual and ocular motor dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this report is to describe two neuroophthalmic complications that are related by their temporal association with a sneeze.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe observational case reports of two patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both patients were examined, and their conditions were diagnosed and treated according to standard indications for each neuroophthalmic condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first case describes a patient who had previously undergone intracranial surgery, including removal of the clivus and later developed a trochlear nerve paresis after a sneeze. The second case describes a patient who repeatedly demonstrates transient decreased perfusion to his right central retinal artery and an associated afferent papillary defect after sneezing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanical and hemodynamic forces involved in sneezing are formidable and may cause permanent cranial neuropathy or temporarily alter ocular blood flow in certain patients.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Andreoli
authors: Gayle B
authors: GB
authors: Leff
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Rizzo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012912:Sneezing; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color