Diminished chaos of heart rate time series in patients with major depression.
BACKGROUND
Depression and anxiety have been linked to serious cardiovascular events in patients with preexisting cardiac illness. A decrease in cardiac vagal function as suggested by a decrease in heart rate (HR) variability has been linked to sudden death.


METHODS
We compared LLE and nonlinearity scores of the unfiltered (UF) and filtered time series (very low, low, and high frequency; VLF, LF and HF) of HR between patients with depression (n = 14) and healthy control subjects (n = 18).


RESULTS
We found significantly lower LLE of the unfiltered series in either posture, and HF series in patients with major depression in supine posture (p <.002). LLE (LF/UF), which may indicate relative sympathetic activity was also significantly higher in supine and standing postures in patients (p <.05); LF/HF (LLE) was also higher in patients (p <.05) in either posture.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that major depression is associated with decreased cardiac vagal function and a relative increase in sympathetic function, which may be related to the higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in this group and illustrates the usefulness of nonlinear measures of chaos such as LLE in addition to the commonly used spectral measures.
Yeragani
Vikram Kumar
VK
Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
Rao
K A Radha Krishna
KA
Smitha
M Ramesh
MR
Pohl
Robert B
RB
Balon
Richard
R
Srinivasan
K
K
D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales