title: [Disinfection of the skin prior to injections does not influence the incidence of infections; a literature study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of infections after subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injections--using sterile needles--with or without prior disinfection of the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature searches were made in the database Medline from 1966-June 2001, in the databases Picarta, Embase and the Cochrane Library, as well as manually in the reference lists of the collected articles. Original papers in English, Dutch or German were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four relevant studies were found, generally of poor quality. In these two infections were reported after disinfecting the skin prior to over 2300 injections in 156 patients, and none were reported after not disinfecting the skin prior to over 7000 injections in more than 700 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both disinfection prior to skin injections and omission of disinfection were followed by (almost) no infections.
authors: Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, afd. Voortgezette Opleiding tot Huisarts, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen.
authors: M A M
authors: MA
authors: Lieffers
authors: H G A
authors: HG
authors: Mokkink
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007267:Injections; D016239:MEDLINE; D009339:Needles / Q000592:standards; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants