title: Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: The proportion of relapses and reinfections that are potentially preventable by vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with recurrent pneumococcal disease is unknown. Isolates from HIV-infected individuals from Baltimore with recurrent pneumococcal invasive disease were collected from 1 January 1995 through 31 December 2000. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were performed. From 1 January 1995 through 31 December 1998, 14.9% (404/2717) of those who had a pneumococcal infection were HIV infected. The recurrence rate among HIV-infected individuals was 6.4-fold higher than that among individuals without HIV infection (P<.01). Among recurrent infections in 41 individuals, there were 42 reinfections and 6 relapses. All relapses and 91% (70/77) of reinfections were due to serotypes covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Reinfection was more common than relapse among HIV-infected individuals with recurrent pneumococcal disease. Although a substantial proportion of recurrent pneumococcal infections was potentially preventable by vaccine, creating an effective vaccine may be challenging for this population.
authors: Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2582, USA. mcellistremc@msx.dept-med.pitt.edu
authors: M Catherine
authors: MC
authors: McEllistrem
authors: Aaron B
authors: AB
authors: Mendelsohn
authors: Margaret A
authors: MA
authors: Pass
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Elliott
authors: Cynthia G
authors: CG
authors: Whitney
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Kolano
authors: Lee H
authors: LH
authors: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence