title: Atrazine effects on in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization in the bovine oocyte.
abstract: The effect of low levels of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) on in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro capacitation of sperm, or in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes and on the quality of blastocyst formation was studied. Bovine oocytes collected from abattoir ovaries were matured, fertilized, and developed to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Embryos that reached a morula or blastocyst stage were stained with Hoechst 33258 stain to determine the number of blastomeres per embryo. Three bulls whose fertilization rates were proven consistent among straws were used for this study. Atrazine was tested at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 microM in either the maturation medium, sperm capacitation medium, or the fertilization medium. Because atrazine was dissolved in ethanol, an ethanol control was used to determine any possible effects of ethanol on the in vitro process. The addition of atrazine to both the maturation and fertilization media did not result in any significant difference in fertilization rates between the controls and the treatments. In the capacitation medium, a significant difference between the controls and the atrazine levels of 0.1, 1, and 10 microM was noted for one bull. Atrazine did not affect the number of blastomeres per embryo. There was not a significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of blastomeres per embryo between the controls and the different levels of atrazine in each medium. This study indicates that low levels of atrazine do not have an effect on in vitro fertilization rates or the number of blastomeres per embryo produced in vitro.
authors: Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, SC, USA.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Graves
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Richardson
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Bernard
authors: N D
authors: ND
authors: Camper
authors: W C
authors: WC
authors: Bridges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011897:Random Allocation; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006540:Herbicides; D001280:Atrazine