title: Growth-stimulatory and transcriptional activation properties of raloxifene in human endometrial Ishikawa cells.
abstract: Raloxifene (Ral) has estrogenic activity in bone and cardiovascular tissues, but is antiestrogenic in breast and has limited uterotrophic activity in mice. Here we report that Ral stimulates the growth of human endometrial Ishikawa tumors implanted in the mammary fat pad of nude ovariectomized mice. In cultured Ishikawa cells, Ral has agonist effects on transcription mediated by the progesterone receptor, an endogenous estrogen target gene, and on expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (EREs). Both Ral and tamoxifen (Tam), but not estradiol, stimulated transcription mediated by the activator protein 1 at micromolar concentrations. However, this effect correlated with induction of cellular death at high concentrations of Ral or Tam and was not observed at lower concentrations. Our results suggest that Ral has stimulatory effects in Ishikawa cells on both cellular growth and gene transcription, and that EREs can mediate some of these effects.
authors: Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre Ville, Que., Canada H3C 3J7.
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Barsalou
authors: Guila
authors: G
authors: Dayan
authors: Silvia I
authors: SI
authors: Anghel
authors: Moulay
authors: M
authors: Alaoui-Jamali
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Van de Velde
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Mader
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol