title: The effect of music distraction on pain, anxiety and behavior in pediatric dental patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if audio distraction could decrease patient anxiety, pain and disruptive behavior during pediatric dental procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five children between the ages of 4 to 6 years had two visits each involving restorative dentistry with local anesthesia in a mandibular quadrant. Visit #1 was a baseline session for all patients. During visit #2, the children were assigned to either an upbeat music group, a relaxing music group or a no music group. Variables measured were: (1) parent-reported anxiety via the Modified Corah Anxiety Scale, (2) self-reported anxiety via the Venham picture scale, (3) heart rate, (4) behavior via the North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale and (5) pain via a visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found among the three groups during experimental visit #2 across any variables. A majority of patients (90%) stated that they enjoyed the music and would like to listen to it during their next visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Audio distraction was not an effective means of reducing anxiety, pain or uncooperative behavior during pediatric restorative dental procedures. However, patients did enjoy listening to the music during their visits.
authors: Columbus Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, USA.
authors: Jennifer Creem
authors: JC
authors: Aitken
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Wilson
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Coury
authors: Amr M
authors: AM
authors: Moursi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D001288:Attention; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D003729:Dental Care / Q000523:psychology*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013223:Statistics as Topic