title: Dysregulation of PTEN and protein kinase B is associated with glioma histology and patient survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed whether putative effectors of phosphatidylinositol3-kinase, including PTEN, protein kinase B (PKB), and p27(kip1), correlate with each other, with glioma histology, and with patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling cascade were characterized in 25 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, 8 grade II oligoastrocytomas, and 13 normal human brain specimens. The protein levels of PTEN and p27(kip1) were assessed by immunoblot analyses. PKB kinase activity was evaluated through the expression level of the phosphorylated (activated) PKB protein and the ability of PKB to phosphorylate a specific peptide substrate in vitro. Cox regression analyses between expression/activity variables and survival were performed across and within histology types. Actual value for expression/activity was used as a continuous variable. Survival time was displayed by Kaplan Meier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong inverse correlation was evident between PTEN levels and both phosphorylated PKB expression (P < 0.01) and PKB activity (P = 0.01). p27(kip1) levels did not correlate with PTEN expression or PKB activity. A significant association was evident between PTEN expression level and histology (P < 0.01). PTEN levels were highest in normal brain, lowest in GBM tumors, and intermediate in grade II oligoastrocytomas. PKB activity and phosphorylated PKB levels differed significantly among histologies, whereas p27(kip1) levels exhibited no association with histology. PTEN expression correlated significantly with survival time within the entire cohort (P < 0.01) and was associated with survival within the subgroup of GBM tumors (P = 0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced PTEN expression is ubiquitous among GBM tumors and may play a role in the development of low-grade gliomas. PTEN inactivation in gliomas portends a particularly aggressive clinical behavior.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors: Ralph P
authors: RP
authors: Ermoian
authors: Constance S
authors: CS
authors: Furniss
authors: Kathleen R
authors: KR
authors: Lamborn
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Basila
authors: Mitchel S
authors: MS
authors: Berger
authors: Alexander R
authors: AR
authors: Gottschalk
authors: M Kelly
authors: MK
authors: Nicholas
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Stokoe
authors: Daphne A
authors: DA
authors: Haas-Kogan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D016019:Survival Analysis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human