title: Bispectral index-guided sedation with dexmedetomidine in intensive care: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dexmedetomidine vs. placebo with respect to the amount of additional propofol and morphine used for bispectral index-guided sedation and analgesia in mechanically ventilated, intensive care patients after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General surgical and cardiac surgical intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients scheduled for major surgery requiring mechanical ventilation for a minimum of 6 hrs were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned randomly to receive either dexmedetomidine (loading infusion, 6.0 microg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 10 mins; maintenance infusion, 0.1-0.7 microg x kg(-1) x hr(-1)) or placebo after intensive care unit admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sedation was guided by using the electroencephalographic parameter bispectral index, a new noninvasive method to estimate the level of sedation. We aimed at maintaining bispectral index ranges between 60 and 70 during mechanical ventilation before starting weaning, 65 and 95 during weaning, and 85 to 95 postextubation. Additional sedative and analgesic medication was given (propofol and morphine) as clinically indicated and within the previously mentioned bispectral index ranges. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine required significantly less propofol during mechanical ventilation (0.87 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.52 +/- 0.30 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1); p <.01) and weaning (0.17 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.21 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1); p <.001) to maintain the target bispectral index range. During study drug administration, morphine requirements for dexmedetomidine-treated patients were reduced by 58% (p =.05). Hemodynamic stability during weaning and after extubation was better maintained in patients receiving dexmedetomidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine reduced propofol requirements and improved hemodynamic stability during bispectral index-guided intensive care unit sedation.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors: Andreas E
authors: AE
authors: Triltsch
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Welte
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: von Homeyer
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Grosse
authors: Arka
authors: A
authors: Genähr
authors: Maryam
authors: M
authors: Moshirzadeh
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Sidiropoulos
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Konertz
authors: Wolfgang J
authors: WJ
authors: Kox
authors: Claudia D
authors: CD
authors: Spies
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003422:Critical Care; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D009020:Morphine; D015742:Propofol