title: Functional results after treatment of retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of the long-term complications associated with external beam radiation in retinoblastoma, alternative treatment methods have been investigated. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the functional results of new treatment modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven eyes were treated without external beam irradiation in 31 patients. The median diameter of the largest tumor in each eye was 6 mm. Primary chemotherapy was used in 25 cases, chemothermotherapy was used in 32 cases, cryotherapy was used in 28 cases, iodine 125 Plaques were used in 15 cases, diode laser thermotherapy was used alone in 11 cases, and photocoagulation was performed in 5 cases. The median follow-up after diagnosis of retinoblastoma was 41 months. The visual results were evaluated at a median age of 54 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median visual acuity of the treated eyes was 20/33. Twenty-four eyes presented a visual acuity better than 20/40, 4 eyes had a visual acuity between 20/200 and 20/40, and 9 eyes had a visual acuity less than 20/200. Maculopathy was observed in 16 cases, associated with papillopathy in 1 case. A cataract was observed in 1 case and a vitreous hemorrhage was observed in another case. Twenty-one eyes did not develop any complications. No corneal dryness and very few lens changes were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional results after local treatments for retinoblastoma are very good. The most frequent complication is maculopathy, particularly when the tumor involves or is situated close to the macula.
authors: Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Desjardins
authors: Mohamed Charif
authors: MC
authors: Chefchaouni
authors: Livia
authors: L
authors: Lumbroso
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Levy
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Asselain
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Bours
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Vedrenne
authors: Jean-Michel
authors: JM
authors: Zucker
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Doz
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents