title: Early drop-outs, late drop-outs and completers: differences in the continuation phase of a clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the differences between early and late drop-outs and completers in the continuation phase of a clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied 119 outpatients who were treatment responders in an 8-week open trial with fluoxetine 20 mg/day, and who were then enrolled in a 26-week clinical trial comparing the efficacy of fluoxetine versus fluoxetine and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Patients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R--Axis I (SCID-Patient Edition), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the following self-rated scales: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) prior to starting the 26-week continuation phase. We defined "early drop-outs" (EDs) as patients who dropped out either at or prior to Visit 2 (which was at 2 months into the 6-month continuation phase); those dropping out at Visit 3 or later were defined as "late drop-outs" (LDs) (ED < or = 2 months; LD >2 months). The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 119 patients, 83 were completers (mean age: 42.1+/-9.0 years; 46 [55%] women; age of onset of major depressive disorder [MDD] = 24.3+/-12.5 years), II were EDs (mean age: 38.1 + 13.0 years: 4 [36%] women; age of onset of MDD = 22.0+/-11.1 years) and 25 were LDs (mean age: 35.2+/-10.4 years; 12 [48%] women; age of onset of MDD = 24.6+/-11.6 years). LDs were significantly younger than completers (P<.01). There was no significant difference in age between EDs and LDs, nor between EDs and completers. EDs were more likely to have been depressed for a longer period of time compared to LDs (P< .05). EDs completers were depressed for a longer period of time compared to LDs (P< .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that late drop-outs are significantly younger than completers, although age is not a predictor between early drop-outs and late drop-outs. Further, early drop-outs are depressed for a longer duration compared to late drop-outs completers are depressed for a longer duration than late dropouts, and Early drop-outs have significantly more social impairment compared to completers. Our study identified some patient characteristics significantly associated with dropping out of a long-term clinical trial.
authors: Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 20114, USA. ssonawalla@partners.org
authors: Shamsah B
authors: SB
authors: Sonawalla
authors: Amy H
authors: AH
authors: Farabaugh
authors: Vinita M
authors: VM
authors: Leslie
authors: Joel A
authors: JA
authors: Pava
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Matthews
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Fava
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric