title: The ross procedure for replacement of the bicuspid aortic valve: mid-term results from 55 consecutive cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A congenitally dysfunctioning bicuspid aortic valve may require surgical treatment in children and young adults. This retrospective study evaluated mid-term clinical results obtained with the Ross procedure in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1994 and December 2000, 55 patients (48 males, seven females; mean age 27+/-10 years; range: 7-49 years) underwent replacement of a diseased bicuspid aortic valve (stenosis in six cases (11%); insufficiency in 36 (65%); mixed lesion in 13 (24%)) with a pulmonary autograft. Mean NYHA functional class was 1.7. Five patients (9%) had healed endocarditis and six (11%) had previous cardiac surgery. The autograft was inserted as a subcoronary implant in two cases (4%), as a root in 40 (73%), and as a cylinder in 13 (23%). The right ventricular outflow tract was reconstructed with a cryopreserved pulmonary homograft in all cases. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were 207+/-34 min and 162+/-18 min, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No early or late deaths had occurred at a mean follow up of 31+/-19 months. Two patients (4%) were re-explored for bleeding. Four patients (7%) experienced intraoperative coronary complications which resolved without sequelae. Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of neoaortic valve competence at six months revealed no evidence of aortic valve regurgitation in 46 patients (84%), trivial regurgitation in seven (13%), mild regurgitation in one patient (2%), and moderate regurgitation in one patient. The latter patient (subcoronary implant) required reoperation. At six months, the degree of regression of left ventricular mass compared (versus preoperative) was 34+/-13% (p <0.05). Three patients (5%) showed mild dilatation (>4 cm) of the neoaortic root after two years follow up. All patients are currently asymptomatic, in NYHA class I, and enjoy a normal social lifestyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ross procedure may be offered as a low-risk alternative in adolescents and young adults with a bicuspid aortic valve. Although the inclusion cylinder technique might help to prevent root dilatation, continued patient evaluation with regard to root sizing, evidence of neoaortic valve degeneration and homograft dysfunction is required in the long term.
authors: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Italy.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Santini
authors: Giovanni Battista
authors: GB
authors: Luciani
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Barozzi
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Lusini
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Trimboli
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Restivo
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Mazzucco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology