title: Evaluation of three commercial tick removal tools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate three commercially available tick removal tools against medium-tipped nontissue tweezers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated three commercially available tick removal tools against medium-tipped tweezers. Three inexperienced users randomly removed attached American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) and lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum L.) from laboratory rabbits in a university animal facility using all tools during one removal session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tick damage occurring from removal and quantity of attachment cement were compared. No tool removed nymphs without damage and all tools removed adults of both species successfully. American dog ticks proved easier to remove than lone star ticks, whose mouthparts often remained in the skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nymphal ticks were consistently removed more successfully with commercial tools when compared with tweezers but with more difficulty than adults were removed. The commercial tick removal tools tested are functional for removal of nymphs and adults and should be considered as viable alternatives to medium-tipped tweezers.
authors: Department of Entomology, Acarology Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Stewart
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Burgdorfer
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Needham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011817:Rabbits; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000592:standards*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013987:Ticks / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification