title: The AF10 leucine zipper is required for leukemic transformation of myeloid progenitors by MLL-AF10.
abstract: The t(10;11)(p12;q23) chromosomal translocation in human acute myeloid leukemia results in the fusion of the MLL and AF10 genes. The latter codes for a novel leucine zipper protein, one of many MLL fusion partners of unknown function. In this report, we demonstrate that retroviral-mediated transduction of an MLL-AF10 complementary DNA into primary murine myeloid progenitors enhanced their clonogenic potential in serial replating assays and led to their efficient immortalization at a primitive stage of myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, MLL-AF10-transduced cells rapidly induced acute myeloid leukemia in syngeneic or severe combined immunodeficiency recipient mice. Structure/function analysis showed that a highly conserved 82-amino acid portion of AF10, comprising 2 adjacent alpha-helical domains, was sufficient for immortalizing activity when fused to MLL. Neither helical domain alone mediated immortalization, and deletion of the 29-amino acid leucine zipper within this region completely abrogated transforming activity. Similarly, the minimal oncogenic domain of AF10 exhibited transcriptional activation properties when fused to the MLL or GAL4 DNA-binding domains, while neither helical domain alone did. However, transcriptional activation per se was not sufficient because a second activation domain of AF10 was neither required nor competent for transformation. The requirement for alpha-helical transcriptional effector domains is similar to the oncogenic contributions of unrelated MLL partners ENL and ELL, suggesting a general mechanism of myeloid leukemogenesis by a subset of MLL fusion proteins, possibly through specific recruitment of the transcriptional machinery.
authors: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.
authors: Jorge F
authors: JF
authors: DiMartino
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Ayton
authors: Everett H
authors: EH
authors: Chen
authors: Clarissa C
authors: CC
authors: Naftzger
authors: Bryan D
authors: BD
authors: Young
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Cleary
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D016350:Leucine Zippers; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D023461:Myeloid Progenitor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C490477:Mllt10 protein, mouse; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C497423:Kmt2a protein, mouse