Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus.
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever that is fatal in up to 90% of cases in both humans and nonhuman primates. No vaccines or treatments are available for human use. We evaluated the effects in nonhuman primates of vaccine strategies that had protected mice or guinea pigs from lethal EBOV infection. The following immunogens were used: RNA replicon particles derived from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) expressing EBOV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein; recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing EBOV glycoprotein; liposomes containing lipid A and inactivated EBOV; and a concentrated, inactivated whole-virion preparation. None of these strategies successfully protected nonhuman primates from robust challenge with EBOV. The disease observed in primates differed from that in rodents, suggesting that rodent models of EBOV may not predict the efficacy of candidate vaccines in primates and that protection of primates may require different mechanisms.
Geisbert
Thomas W
TW
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA. tom.geisbert@amedd.army.mil
Pushko
Peter
P
Anderson
Kevin
K
Smith
Jonathan
J
Davis
Kelly J
KJ
Jahrling
Peter B
PB
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007114:Immunization; D008251:Macaca / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012093:Replicon / Q000235:genetics; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines