title: Marginal integrity of different resin-based composites for posterior teeth: an in vitro dye-penetration study on eight resin-composite and compomer-/adhesive combinations with a particular look at the additional use of flow-composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine improvements in marginal adaptation of resin-based composite restorative systems by means of flow-composites (Solitaire 2/Gluma Solid Bond, Solitaire 2/Flow Line/Gluma Solid Bond, Point 4/Optibond Solo Plus, Point 4/Revolution/Optibond Solo Plus) and to determine the equality of simplified bonding systems (Solitaire 2/Gluma Comfort Bond, Tetric Ceram/Tetric Flow/Excite, Dyract AP/Prime & Bond NT/NRC, Pertac II/Prompt-L-Pop) in marginal gap formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The marginal dye penetration (2% methylene-blue) was investigated separately for the approximal boxes of Class II mod-cavities with one cervical margin of the approximal box within enamel, the other within cementum. The surface analysis determined the percentage of dye-penetrated cervical and lateral margins of the approximal boxes, while the in depth investigation reported the mean dye penetration (mm) at both different cervical margins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After thermocycling (5000 x , 5-55 degrees C) the percentage of dye penetration at the cervical cementum margins ranged from 16.5 +/- 5.9% (Solitaire/Flow Line/Gluma Solid Bond) to 82.8 +/- 5.7% (Pertac II/Prompt L-Pop), for the cervical enamel margins from 10.1 +/- 5.2% (Dyract AP/NRC/P & B NT) to 72.7 +/- 7.9% (Pertac II/Prompt L-Pop), and for the lateral enamel margins of the approximal boxes from 4.8 +/- 2.3% (Dyract AP/NRC/P & B NT) to 53.9 +/- 6.8% (Pertac II/Prompt L-Pop). In the in-depth dye penetration investigation the mean dye penetration ranged from 0.2 +/- 0.2 mm (Point 4/Revolution/Optibond Solo Plus) to 1.7 +/- 0.2 mm (Pertac II/Prompt L-Pop) at the cementum margins. At the enamel margins only Pertac II/Prompt L-Pop and Solitaire 2/Gluma Solid Bond showed mean in depth dye-penetrations deeper than 0.1 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pertac II/Prompt-L-Pop showed a statistically significant (significance level alpha = 0.05, Wilcoxon test) higher percentage of dye-penetrated margins than most of the other restorative systems.
authors: Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany. ernst@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors: Claus Peter
authors: CP
authors: Ernst
authors: Gereon
authors: G
authors: Cortain
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Spohn
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Rippin
authors: Brita
authors: B
authors: Willershausen
mesh_terms: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C102735:Revolution (composite resin); C111840:flowable hybrid composite; C452226:tetric flow composite resin