title: Carbohydrates expressed on Aspergillus fumigatus induce in vivo allergic Th2-type response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mould Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) causes several forms of Th2-biased diseases such as Type I respiratory allergies. This mould contains abundant carbohydrates including glucan, chitin and galactomannan. However, little is known on whether these carbohydrates directly drive Th2 responses in vivo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the relative role of carbohydrates expressed on crude extracts of Af in the induction of Th2-type antibody production and local eosinophila in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carbohydrates on native Af were destroyed by sodium metaperiodate under mild conditions. CBA/J mice were sensitized intranasally with native, periodate-treated or mock-treated Af. Histologic changes and production of Af-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, as well as serum total IgE were determined. Inhibition ELISA for Af-specific IgE was performed using periodate-treated Af as an inhibitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice sensitized with periodate-treated Af displayed significant decreases in both total and specific IgE levels in comparison to mice sensitized with native or mock-treated Af. Furthermore, sensitization and subsequent challenge with periodate-treated Af significantly reduced the degree of eosinophil recruitment into the nasal mucosa, compared to the controls. On the other hand, competitive inhibition showed that periodate-treated Af could inhibit binding between native Af and specific IgE in a similar manner to that of native and mock-treated Af.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that carbohydrates on Af play a key role as internal adjuvants in inducing the allergic Th2-type response and are not the targets of the induced IgE response.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Yamashita
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Okano
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yoshino
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hattori
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yamamoto
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Takishita
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Akagi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000097:blood; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D002241:Carbohydrates; D000939:Epitopes; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007073:Immunoglobulin E