title: Urinary pathogens' resistance to common antibiotics: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: The susceptibility of urinary pathogens to common antibiotics was investigated and the results analysed retrospectively using the WHONET computer program. Of 1776 urine samples (44 catheterized) processed, 510 (28.7%) urinary pathogens were isolated. Of these 510 positive cultures, 455 (89.2%) were gram-negative bacilli, 45 (8.8%) Candida species and 10 (1.9%) gram-positive cocci. Of the 44 catheterized samples, 32 (72.7%) yielded significant bacteriuria and these were mainly gram-negative bacteria (24/32). The commonest pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (47.3%) followed by Klebsiella species (10.3%), non-fermenters other than Pseudomonas species (9%), Candida species (8.8%), Providentia species (7%), Pseudomonas species (5.6%), Citrobacter species (3.7%), Enterobacter species (3.3%) and Proteus species (2.5%). The isolation of gram-negative bacteria among inpatients and outpatients was 71.6% and 28.3%, respectively. The critical care unit, nephrourology, obstetric and gynaecology, medical and surgical wards were found to be high-risk areas constituting 58.7% of the major isolates. The highest and lowest mean resistance among gram-negative bacteria to common antibiotics was 93.5% to ampicillin and to 61% gentamicin. The mean resistance to norfloxacin, amoxy-clavulanic acid, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin was 65%, 67%, 75.5%, 76% and 77.5%, respectively. The most resistant pathogen to common antibiotics was found to be Proteus species (resistance 80% and above). Overall susceptibility testing demonstrated decreased usefulness of common antibiotics and demonstrates a need for a re-evaluation of common antibiotics used in the therapy for urinary tract infection.
authors: Department of Microbiology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bangalore, South India.
authors: B V
authors: BV
authors: Navaneeth
authors: Sandhya
authors: S
authors: Belwadi
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Suganthi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D017053:Infection Control; D008499:Medical Records; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents