title: Inhibition of granulocyte activation by surfactant in a 2-yr-old female with meningococcus-induced ARDS.
abstract: Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a crucial role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) via extracellular release of reactive cell products such as elastase. Surfactant has proved valuable in restoring lung function in ARDS. The significance of its immunomodulatory properties with respect to this effect has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of surfactant administration in an infant with ARDS. During the acute phase of ARDS in a 2-yr-old female, levels of PMN-derived elastase complexed with alpha1-protease inhibitor (E-alpha1PI) were measured in both arterial and central venous blood samples obtained simultaneously. The results were correlated with oxygen demand and plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after endotracheal administration of surfactant (Alveofact 60 mg x kg x body weight(-1)). In the present case, for the first time, a higher E-alpha1PI concentration was detected in arterial blood (4.51 mg x L(-1)) than in central venous blood (2.28 mg x L(-1)). After administration of surfactant, these concentrations and the arteriovenous difference decreased, indicating that during ARDS, most PMN degranulation takes place in the pulmonary vascular bed and is inhibited by surfactant administration. Simultaneously, TNF-alpha and IL-6 plasma concentrations decreased within hours and lung function was restored. This local inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation by exogenous surfactant may play a key role in the early improvement in lung function after surfactant administration.
authors: Children's Hospital Park Schönfeld, Kassel, Germany. fk.Tegtmeyer@park-schoenfeld.de
authors: F K
authors: FK
authors: Tegtmeyer
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Möller
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Zabel
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000276:immunology; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C078272:SF-RI 1, bovine surfactant preparation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase