title: Effect of in-feed inclusion of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on certain vitamin, macro and trace element concentrations in the blood, liver and kidney tissues of sows.
abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate, under field conditions, the effect of the long-term dietary use of a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite, CLI) and antibacterials (chlortetracycline, CTC) on the concentrations of certain vitamins (vitamin A and vitamin E) and minerals (K, Na, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn) in blood and body tissues of the sow. Twenty-four sows were assigned to two main experimental groups and four subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of CLI and CTC in their feed, respectively. CLI was provided to the sows from weaning, during the service, gestation and lactation periods and up to the date of the next service, while CTC was administered for a 2-week period post-service, as well as for a 2-week period following the allocation of the sows in the farrowing house, around 5 days prior to the expected parturition. Blood samples were collected on the starting day of the trial, on the 30th and the 90th day of each pregnancy, on the day of each parturition and on the day of each weaning. Furthermore, 20 sows were similarly distributed in the same experimental groups and subgroups and at the end of the trial they were slaughtered and liver and kidney samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Neither CLI nor CTC supplementation of the diets had any significant effect on vitamins' and minerals' uptake and their distribution in the body, since there was no alteration in their blood serum and liver/kidney concentrations. Furthermore, no CLI x CTC interaction was noticed.
authors: Clinic of Productive Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
authors: D S
authors: DS
authors: Papaioannou
authors: S C
authors: SC
authors: Kyriakis
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Papasteriadis
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Roumbies
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yannakopoulos
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Alexopoulos
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D017641:Zeolites / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; C083175:clinoptilolite; D017641:Zeolites; D014810:Vitamin E; D002751:Chlortetracycline