title: NO sensitizes rat hepatocytes to proliferation by modifying S-adenosylmethionine levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver regeneration is a fundamental response of this organ to injury. Hepatocyte proliferation is triggered by growth factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor. However, hepatocytes need to be primed to react to mitogenic signals. It is known that nitrous oxide (NO), generated after partial hepatectomy, plays an important role in hepatocyte growth. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind this priming event are not completely known. S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthesis by methionine adenosyltransferase is the first step in methionine metabolism, and NO regulates hepatocyte S-adenosylmethionine levels through specific inhibition of this enzyme. We have studied the modulation of hepatocyte growth factor-induced proliferation by NO through the regulation of S-adenosylmethionine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were conducted in cultured rat hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion, which triggers NO synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mitogenic response to hepatocyte growth factor was blunted when inducible NO synthase was inhibited; this process was overcome by the addition of an NO donor. This effect was dependent on methionine concentration in culture medium and intracellular S-adenosylmethionine levels. Accordingly, we found that S-adenosylmethionine inhibits hepatocyte growth factor-induced cyclin D1 and D2 expression, activator protein 1 induction, and hepatocyte proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together our findings indicate that NO may switch hepatocytes into a hepatocyte growth factor-responsive state through the down-regulation of S-adenosylmethionine levels.
authors: División de Hepatología y Terapia Génica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors: Elena R
authors: ER
authors: García-Trevijano
authors: María L
authors: ML
authors: Martínez-Chantar
authors: M Ujue
authors: MU
authors: Latasa
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Mato
authors: Matías A
authors: MA
authors: Avila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000032:analysis*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester