title: Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in muscle.
abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that fatty acids induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by blocking insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase). To examine the mechanism by which fatty acids mediate this effect, rats were infused with either a lipid emulsion (consisting mostly of 18:2 fatty acids) or glycerol. Intracellular C18:2 CoA increased in a time-dependent fashion, reaching an approximately 6-fold elevation by 5 h, whereas there was no change in the concentration of any other fatty acyl-CoAs. Diacylglycerol (DAG) also increased transiently after 3-4 h of lipid infusion. In contrast there was no increase in intracellular ceramide or triglyceride concentrations during the lipid infusion. Increases in intracellular C18:2 CoA and DAG concentration were associated with protein kinase C (PKC)-theta activation and a reduction in both insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1 associated PI3-kinase activity, which were associated with an increase in IRS-1 Ser(307) phosphorylation. These data support the hypothesis that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration results in an increase in intracellular fatty acyl-CoA and DAG concentrations, which results in activation of PKC-theta leading to increased IRS-1 Ser(307) phosphorylation. This in turn leads to decreased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and decreased activation of IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase activity resulting in decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors: Chunli
authors: C
authors: Yu
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Gary W
authors: GW
authors: Cline
authors: Dongyan
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Haihong
authors: H
authors: Zong
authors: Yanlin
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Raynald
authors: R
authors: Bergeron
authors: Jason K
authors: JK
authors: Kim
authors: Samuel W
authors: SW
authors: Cushman
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Cooney
authors: Bronwyn
authors: B
authors: Atcheson
authors: Morris F
authors: MF
authors: White
authors: Edward W
authors: EW
authors: Kraegen
authors: Gerald I
authors: GI
authors: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases