title: Progressive isthmus delay during atrial flutter ablation: the critical importance of isthmus spanning electrodes for distinguishing pseudoblock from block.
abstract: Bidirectional isthmus block is associated with successful atrial flutter ablation, whereas creation of increased isthmus conduction delay without block can be proarrhythmic. Often, halo catheter electrodes fail to provide adequate sub-Eustachian isthmus recordings. The aim of this study was to determine if progressive isthmus conduction delay results in the false appearance of block during atrialflutter ablation. A 20-pole deflectable catheter was prospectively positioned across the sub-Eustachian isthmus (from the coronary sinus os [CSO] to 7:00 on the tricuspid valve annulus [TVA] clock face in the left anterior oblique [LAO] projection) in nine patients undergoing atrial flutter ablation. During sinus rhythm, conduction time was measured from the CSO to the 7:00 position while pacing the CSO. Measurements were repeated after each linear lesion and after conduction block was achieved. Transisthmus conduction time at baseline, just prior to success, and after the presence of complete block was 54 +/- 9, 123 +/- 39, and 155 +/- 30 ms, respectively (P < or = 0.01). The marked delay prior to complete block resulted in reversal of the activation sequence in electrodes at TVA 7:00, creating the false appearance of isthmus block; the isthmus electrodes clearly distinguished delay from block. Catheter ablation results in progressive isthmus conduction delay prior to the creation of complete block. Electrodes spanning the isthmus and line of block are critical for distinguishing conduction delay (and pseudoisthmus block) from block.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Foundation, Rochester Minnesota 55905, USA. pfriedman@mayo.edu
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Friedman
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Luria
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Munger
authors: Arshad
authors: A
authors: Jahangir
authors: Win K
authors: WK
authors: Shen
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Rea
authors: Suellen
authors: S
authors: Grice
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Asirvatham
authors: Douglas L
authors: DL
authors: Packer
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Hammill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome