title: Residual mercury content and leaching of mercury and silver from used amalgam capsules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this investigation was to carry out residual mercury (Hg) determinations and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) analysis of used amalgam capsules.
  
  
  METHODS
  For residual Hg analysis, 25 capsules (20 capsules for one brand) from each of 10 different brands of amalgam were analyzed. Total residual Hg levels per capsule were determined using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 7471. For TCLP analysis, 25 amalgam capsules for each of 10 brands were extracted using a modification of USEPA Method 1311. Hg analysis of the TCLP extracts was done with USEPA Method 7470A. Analysis of silver (Ag) concentrations in the TCLP extract was done with USEPA Method 6010B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the residual Hg data resulted in the segregation of brands into three groups: Dispersalloy capsules, Group A, retained the most Hg (1.225 mg/capsule). These capsules were the only ones to include a pestle. Group B capsules, Valliant PhD, Optaloy II, Megalloy and Valliant Snap Set, retained the next highest amount of Hg (0.534-0.770 mg/capsule), and were characterized by a groove in the inside of the capsule. Group C, Tytin regular set double-spill, Tytin FC, Contour, Sybraloy regular set, and Tytin regular set single-spill retained the least amount of Hg (0.125-0.266 mg/capsule). TCLP analysis of the triturated capsules showed Sybraloy and Contour leached Hg at greater than the 0.2 mg/l Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) limit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that residual mercury may be related to capsule design features and that TCLP extracts from these capsules could, in some brands, exceed RCRA Hg limits, making their disposal problematic. At current RCRA limits, the leaching of Ag is not a problem.
authors: The Naval Dental Research Institute, Building 1H, 310A B Street, 60088-5259, Great Lakes, IL 60088-5259, USA. mark.stone@ndri.med.navy.mil
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Stone
authors: E D
authors: ED
authors: Pederson
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Cohen
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Ragain
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Karaway
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Auxer
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Saluta
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D018057:Dental Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D018057:Dental Waste; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D012834:Silver; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury