title: Pullout test with three lumbar interbody fusion cages.
abstract: METHODS
  In vitro biomechanical testing was performed on 12 cadaveric human lumbar spines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the initial dislocation resistance, as quantified by the pullout force of three different cage designs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Interbody cage devices frequently are used as stand-alone cages in the surgical treatment of degenerative conditions in the lumbar spine. In contrast to the wide clinical acceptance of interbody fusion cages, there are only a few biomechanical studies of posterior pullout trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cylindrical threaded cages (Ray TFC Surgical Dynamics), bullet-shaped cages (Stryker), and newly designed rectangular titanium cages with an endplate anchorage device (Marquardt) were used for posterior interbody implants. For each device, the pullout test was performed in four specimens on both sides (L3-L4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pullout test, the Stryker cages required a median pullout force of 130 N (minimum, 100 N; maximum, 220 N), as compared with the higher pullout force of the Marquardt cages (median, 605 N; minimum, 450 N; maximum, 680 N), and the Ray cages (median, 945 N; minimum, 125 N; maximum, 2230 N).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in pullout resistance were noted depending on the cage design. A cage design with threads or a hook device provides superior stability, as compared with ridges. The initial pullout resistance was highest for the Ray cages and lowest for the Stryker cages.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Bogenhausen, Academic Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. rupert.dietl@t-online.de
authors: Rupert H J
authors: RH
authors: Dietl
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Krammer
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Kettler
authors: Hans-Joachim
authors: HJ
authors: Wilke
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Claes
authors: Christianto B
authors: CB
authors: Lumenta
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical