title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta levels in recurrent and persistent otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in effusions, our goals were to specify either recurrent or persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) is a mid stage in the development of chronic disease and to identify the factors that have an influence on cytokine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from groups with recurrent (n = 15) and persistent (n = 39) OME were assayed for IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Children were also grouped with respect to age, sex, quality of effusion, and the presence of pharyngeal adenoid tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In recurrent and persistent OME groups, IL-1beta was higher than TNF-alpha (P < 0.01). IL-beta was higher in recurrent OME than in persistent OME (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent OME seems to be closer to the chronic stage of the disease relative to persistent OME in terms of higher IL-1beta levels. Each exacerbation of acute disease in recurrent otitis media is likely to be mediated by IL-1beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to clarify that recurrent OME is a stage that occurs before chronic OME. Therefore, the prevention of acute attacks in recurrent disease would also impede long-term damage to the middle ear.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Turkey. syetiser@yahoo.com
authors: Sertac
authors: S
authors: Yetiser
authors: Bulent
authors: B
authors: Satar
authors: Atilla
authors: A
authors: Gumusgun
authors: Faruk
authors: F
authors: Unal
authors: Yalcin
authors: Y
authors: Ozkaptan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha