title: Neck irradiation: a risk factor for occlusive carotid artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine whether irradiation is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis, and propose guidelines for patient follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  a retrospective case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  two groups of patients with severe carotid artery stenosis (>70%) were compared: 30 post-neck irradiation patients, and a control group of 100 patients with no history of neck irradiation. Disease location and severity were assessed by duplex. The relationship between atherosclerotic risk factors, time since irradiation and carotid artery disease was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the average age of study group patients was 67 years (43-86) compared to 69 years (46-89) in the control group. The average interval from irradiation to diagnosis was 14 years (3-53) (median 12.5 years). The study group suffered less from diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease ( p<0.02). There were no significant differences among risk factors with respect to age, gender, smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Post-neck irradiation patients had a significantly higher prevalence of bilateral disease (p=0.02), and a higher rate of common carotid artery lesions (p<0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  neck irradiation should be considered a risk factor for occlusive carotid artery disease. Preoperative angiographic study should be considered, due to frequent involvement of the common carotid artery.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Halak
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fajer
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ben-Meir
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Loberman
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Weller
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Karmeli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex