title: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in airways of patients with lung cancer: a possible diagnostic tool of responsive angiogenic status on the host side.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in airways in patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  BAL fluid (BALF) and plasma samples were obtained from 41 patients with primary lung carcinomas and 7 patients with noncancerous diseases, and were analyzed for VEGF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After standardization with the albumin protein levels, the relative intensity (VEGF index) was determined as the ratio of VEGF expression on the disease side to that on the healthy side.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, VEGF concentrations in BALF were greater than those in plasma samples. On the healthy side, the mean value of VEGF in BALF was significantly greater in lung cancer patients than in patients with noncancerous diseases (p = 0.0470). While age, gender, location of cancer (right vs left), histology (adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma), and T factor (T1/2 vs T3/4) did not affect the VEGF levels in BALF, the VEGF index was inversely associated with distant metastasis and nodal involvement. The VEGF index of patients in stage I was significantly greater than that of patients in stage IV (p = 0.0308).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VEGF expression in airways is likely to reflect the response to tumor angiogenesis on the host side. Of direct clinical relevance is that the assessment of VEGF concentrations in airways may provide information concerning the dependency of tumor angiogenesis on VEGF, which is variable according to tumor progression.
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan. yohta@ipch.kanazawa.ishikawa.jp
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Ohta
authors: Naohiro
authors: N
authors: Ohta
authors: Masaya
authors: M
authors: Tamura
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Tsunezuka
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Oda
authors: Go
authors: G
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors