HIV vaccine evaluation center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We conducted an HIV seroincidence study among high-risk men who have sex with men in Rio de Janeiro to determine whether this population would be suitable for vaccine and non-vaccine HIV prevention studies. There were 34 HIV seroconversions during the follow-up period, for a seroincidence of 3.1 per 100 person-years. The incidence among the youngest members of our cohort was over 8%, an extraordinarily high transmission rate for a homosexual male population. We have used the sensitive/less sensitive ELISA assay to identify a high-risk heterosexual population for intervention studies in Brazil. The estimated seroincidence was 1.9 and 2.8 per 100 person-years among heterosexual females and males, respectively. We are presently conducting a study to investigate behavior changes among 202 participants of a post-sexual-exposure chemoprophylaxis (PEP) study. During a median follow-up of 24 months, there were 11 HIV seroconversions, 10 of which were among non-PEP users. Additionally, we are conducting a phase 2 HIV vaccine trial of the ALVAC-HIV vector vCP1452 alone and in combination with a subunit vaccine, MN rgp120, in healthy adult volunteers. The primary goal of this trial is to define the immunogenicity and confirm the safety of the most promising vector-based vaccine alone and in combination with a recombinant envelope protein vaccine with an established safety and immunogenicity profile. A phase 3 HIV vaccine trial is planned to begin in the next 18-24 months.
Schechter
Mauro
M
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brig. Trompowski, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. maurosch@hucffr.ufrj.br
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001727:Bisexuality; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; C468116:ALVAC-HIV vCP1452; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C122180:MNrgp120 vaccine; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine