The clinical manifestations of lithium intoxication.
BACKGROUND
Lithium has been a part of the psychiatric pharmacopoeia for more than half a century. Its efficacy is marred by a narrow therapeutic index and significant toxicity.


OBJECTIVE
To increase physicians' awareness of the various manifestations of lithium intoxication.


METHODS
We reviewed the clinical data of cases of lithium poisoning occurring in a municipal hospital during a 10 year period.


RESULTS
Eight patient records were located. The mortality rate was 12.5%. All patients were women and the mean age was 66.4 years. The most common symptoms were neurologic. One illustrative case is described in detail with lithium serum levels showing the usual two-phase decline.


CONCLUSIONS
Lithium poisoning can present in many forms. Increased physician awareness and the early use of effective treatment, mainly hemodialysis, will prevent mortality and protracted morbidity associated with this condition.
Meltzer
Eyal
E
Department of Internal Medicine E, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. meltzere@matav.net.il
Steinlauf
Shmuel
S
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality
D008094:Lithium