title: Mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene of human-derived Pneumocystis carinii isolates from Italy are infrequent but correlate with prior sulfa prophylaxis.
abstract: Mutations in the human-derived Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene have been reported with increasing frequency and have been linked to prior sulfa prophylaxis and possible emergence of sulfa resistance. This study was done to examine the prevalence and clinical significance of P. carinii DHPS mutations in Italian patients. A previously described single-strand conformation polymorphism technique was used to identify P. carinii DHPS mutations in 107 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Overall prevalence (8%) was low compared with that in other reports. Mutations were observed in 19% (6/31) of patients exposed to sulfa prophylaxis, compared with 4% (3/76) of patients not exposed to sulfa prophylaxis (P=.017). No significant association was observed between the presence of DHPS mutations and mortality, CD4 cell count, or demographic factors. The study confirms the association between DHPS mutations and prior sulfa prophylaxis and shows that the prevalence of DHPS mutations in an Italian patient population is lower than that in other populations.
authors: Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662, USA. LMa@nih.gov
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Ma
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Kovacs
authors: Antonietta
authors: A
authors: Cargnel
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Valerio
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Fantoni
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Atzori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase