title: Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the beta2-adrenergic receptor.
abstract: Analyses were performed to evaluate the roles of the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy response to the beta-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol. Treatment of wild-type mice with clenbuterol resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation-induced atrophy of these muscles. Treatment of beta1-adrenergic receptor knockout mice with clenbuterol also resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation-induced atrophy of these muscles. In contrast, in beta2-adrenergic receptor knockout mice and in mice lacking both the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors, clenbuterol treatment did not result in hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles, nor did it inhibit denervation-induced atrophy in these muscles. Together these data demonstrate that the beta2-adrenergic receptor is responsible for both the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol.
authors: Research Division, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040-9317, USA.
authors: Richard T
authors: RT
authors: Hinkle
authors: Research Division, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040-9317, USA.
authors: Karen M B
authors: KMB
authors: Hodge
authors: Research Division, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040-9317, USA.
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Cody
authors: Research Division, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040-9317, USA.
authors: Russell J
authors: RJ
authors: Sheldon
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: Brian K
authors: BK
authors: Kobilka
authors: Research Division, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040-9317, USA.
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Isfort
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D002976:Clenbuterol