title: Concomitant development of oral dyskinesia and memory deficits in reserpine-treated male and female mice.
abstract: It has been suggested that reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia in rats may provide a new animal model of tardive dyskinesia. Both cognitive deficits and gender have been associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of reserpine administration on the development of orofacial dyskinesia and on plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (DAT-an animal model of associative learning) in male and female mice. Male and female mice received 1.0 mg/kg reserpine or saline subcutaneously on day 1. On days 3, 6 and 8, the frequency of vacuous chewing movements (VCM) was quantified. On day 6, the DAT conditioning was performed, in a modified elevated plus-maze. In one of the enclosed arms, the animals received aversive stimulation (light and noise). On day 8, a test session was performed and the time spent by the animals in each of the enclosed arms was recorded. Our results showed that reserpine-treated male and female mice presented significantly higher VCM when compared with respective control groups in all observation days. On day 6, reserpine-treated female mice presented significantly higher VCM when compared with male mice injected with this drug. The DAT test performed on day 8 showed that the time spent in the aversive arm by saline-treated mice was significantly lower than the time spent in the non-aversive arm. This difference was not observed for reserpine-treated mice. Our results demonstrate the development of reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia in both male and female mice. While this oral dyskinesia is accompanied by a cognitive deficit in both genders, female mice tended to have more severe oral dyskinesia. It is suggested that reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia may provide a quick, simple and efficient mouse model of tardive dyskinesia.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu, 862-Edifício Leal Prado, CEP 04023-062, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Regina H
authors: RH
authors: Silva
authors: Vanessa C
authors: VC
authors: Abílio
authors: Danila
authors: D
authors: Torres-Leite
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Bergamo
authors: Cibele C
authors: CC
authors: Chinen
authors: Flávia T
authors: FT
authors: Claro
authors: Rita de Cássia
authors: Rde C
authors: Carvalho
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Frussa-Filho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology*; D051379:Mice; D009055:Mouth; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D012110:Reserpine