title: Magnetic resonance image registration in multiple sclerosis: comparison with repositioning error and observer-based variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the use of image registration in the analysis of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion volume and compare this with repositioning error and observer-based variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The normalized mutual information (NMI) algorithm is evaluated in an accuracy study using a phantom, followed by a validation study on magnetic resonance (MR) data of MS patients. Further, using scan-rescan MR data, the effect of registration on MS lesion volume compared with repositioning error and observer-based variability is assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The registration accuracy was near perfect in the phantom study, while the in vivo validation study demonstrated an accuracy on the order of 0.2-0.3 mm. In the scan-rescan study, quantification accounted for 15.6% of the relative variance, repositioning for 44.4%, and registration for 40.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMI resulted in robust and accurate alignment of MR brain images of MS patients. Its use in the detection of changes in MS using large serial MR imaging (MRI) data warrants future evaluation.
authors: MR Centre for MS Research and Departments of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: I Leng
authors: IL
authors: Tan
authors: Ronald A
authors: RA
authors: van Schijndel
authors: Marianne A A
authors: MA
authors: van Walderveen
authors: Marcel
authors: M
authors: Quist
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Bos
authors: Petra J W
authors: PJ
authors: Pouwels
authors: Pol
authors: P
authors: Desmedt
authors: Herman J
authors: HJ
authors: Adèr
authors: Frederik
authors: F
authors: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results