title: Symptom profile consistency in recurrent manic episodes.
abstract: Few studies have addressed whether symptom profiles remain consistent between episodes of mania. Those that have done so focused on mood only and adopted the strictly categorical approach. We evaluated 77 subjects during two discrete manic episodes (mean interval, 2 years, 2 weeks). Episodes were characterized on five established symptom factors of mania and on overall severity of classic manic symptoms (i.e., excluding dysphoric symptoms). Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to compare symptom profiles across episodes. Four symptom factors (dysphoria, hedonic activation, psychosis, and irritable aggression) were significantly correlated across episodes, as was manic severity. Psychomotor symptoms were not significantly correlated. Manic symptomatology remains generally similar in bipolar subjects during different episodes. The characterization of manic episodes by the empirical dimensions of symptom factors, as suggested by Kraepelin nearly a century ago, may provide additional information for biological and treatment response studies of manic states that is not captured by categorical subtype diagnosis focused solely on mood symptoms (i.e., mixed v pure manic episodes).
authors: Duke-Umstead Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Frederick
authors: F
authors: Cassidy
authors: Eileen P
authors: EP
authors: Ahearn
authors: Bernard J
authors: BJ
authors: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index