title: Topological constraints governing the use of the chicken HS4 chromatin insulator in oncoretrovirus vectors.
abstract: The expression of integrated oncoretrovirus vectors is subject to the inhibitory effects of surrounding chromatin. A previous report from our laboratory indicated that such position effects can be overcome by flanking a reporter vector with the cHS4 chromatin insulator. To characterize this activity more thoroughly, we switched the promoter-gene combinations in the reporter vector and analyzed expression of these vectors flanked with the cHS4 fragment in both orientations following bone marrow transduction and transplantation in mice. The results indicate that the cHS4 fragment can function in both orientations and can insulate both the virus long-terminal-repeat (LTR) promoter and an internal phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk) promoter. However, insulation of the LTR promoter diminished when the orientation of the cHS4 fragment placed the CTCF-binding core element immediately proximal to the U3 region, suggesting a minimal distance requirement. Moreover, placement of the cHS4 fragment in the U3 region of the 3' LTR dramatically decreased the level of expression from an internal Pgk promoter, presumably by blocking interaction with the 3' LTR enhancer. Finally, sorting studies suggest that the severity of position effects or autonomous promoter silencing increases as transduced progenitors differentiate into mature progeny. These findings have direct implications for the use of chromatin insulators such as cHS4 in oncoretrovirus vectors.
authors: Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, George Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors: Evangelia
authors: E
authors: Yannaki
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Tubb
authors: Mari
authors: M
authors: Aker
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Stamatoyannopoulos
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Emery
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005839:Gentamicins; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D002843:Chromatin; D005839:Gentamicins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005914:Globins; C010680:antibiotic G 418; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase