title: Potentiation of angiogenic response by ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning of the heart.
abstract: This review is intended to discuss the newly discovered role of preconditioning which should make it an attractive therapeutic stimulus for repairing the injured myocardium. We recently found that apart from rendering the myocardium tolerant to ischemic reperfusion injury, preconditioning also potentiates angiogenesis. Our study demonstrated for the first time that both ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning triggered myocardial angiogenesis at the capillary and arteriolar levels which nicely corroborated with the improved myocardial contractile function. Hypoxic preconditioning resulted in the stimulation of VEGF, the most potent angiogenic factor known to date. In concert, endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors, Tie 1, Tie 2 and Flt-1 and Flk-1 were also significantly enhanced in the preconditioned myocardium. The redox-regulated transcription factor NF kappa B was found to play an essential role in the preconditioning regulation of angiogenesis.
authors: Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA. nmaulik@neuron.uchc.edu
authors: Nilanjana
authors: N
authors: Maulik
authors: D K
authors: DK
authors: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D042810:Receptor, TIE-1; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D042810:Receptor, TIE-1; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases