title: Biventricular pacing in patients with ICD: how many patients are possible candidates?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  About 80 % of patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) due to life-threatening episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) have structural heart disease. ICD implantation reduces the risk of sudden cardiac death to less than 2 %. However, the major obstacle in these patients is chronic heart failure (CHF). Biventricular stimulation (BIV) has shown its efficiency as an alternative therapy in drug refractory CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the InSync registry, we predefined possible indications for BIV as follows: complete branch bundle block (> 120 ms), left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF) < 35 % and NYHA class > II. We evaluated the number of patients presenting this indication at time of implant and during follow-up (FU) at our ICD clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1992 and 1998, 360 patients were provided with an ICD (mean age 64.6 +/- 5.4 yrs, mean EF 37 +/- 14 % at implant, 82 % of patients with organic heart disease). Mean FU was 34 +/- 21 months. During FU 46 patients (13 %) died, 15 of these (33 %) presenting criteria for BIV. 33 patients died of heart failure, there was 1 sudden death and 12 patients died for non-cardiac reasons. 35 % of the patients who died of heart failure had an indication for BIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 10 % of ICD patients had an indication for BIV at time of implant. Over a mean FU period of 34 months, 16% of all patients presented an indication for BIV. Patients with an indication for BIV had a higher mortality rate and more frequent atrial fibrillation compared to patients without. With this data and the good clinical results after BIV-ICD implantation, we consider the implantation of a BIV-ICD system in every patient with appropriate indications.
authors: Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Germany. werlingc@klilu.de
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Werling
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Weisse
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Siemon
authors: A-H
authors: AH
authors: Kiessling
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rameken
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Schwacke
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Saggau
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Senges
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Seidl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome