title: The effectiveness of pencil pushups treatment for convergence insufficiency: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness of pencil pushups treatment (PPT) for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in a clinical situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPT was prescribed for use at home for 6 weeks for 25 subjects with convergence insufficiency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of the subjects returned for follow-up. Seven of 12 (58%) subjects showed a clinically significant improvement in nearpoint of convergence and positive fusional vergence, and 11 of 12 reported improvement in symptoms. Only one subject became asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPT resulted in some improvement in both objective findings and symptoms for some subjects. Compliance with the recommended home therapy protocol was poor.
authors: Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Philadelphia 19141-3322, USA. Mgallaway@pco.edu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Gallaway
authors: Mitchell
authors: M
authors: Scheiman
authors: Kavita
authors: K
authors: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009988:Orthoptics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome