title: Radiofrequency thermal effects on the human meniscus: an in vitro analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal effects produced in meniscal tissue with different radiofrequency (RF) energy levels and exposure times using a bipolar device.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anatomic in vitro analysis of the thermal effects of an RF device.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specially designed jig was used to apply RF energy under a constant force to cadaveric menisci. Three different energy levels were applied for 4 different contact times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean depth of thermal change was 547 microm (range, 468 to 650 microm). There were no significant differences or trends when contact time and energy were varied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that increased contact times and energy outputs are not associated with increased thermal change in the meniscus. The submillimeter thermal denaturation was consistent with published reports using other thermal devices, such as laser.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
authors: C Thomas
authors: CT
authors: Vangsness
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Polousky
authors: Thomas P
authors: TP
authors: Hedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors