title: Molecular and cellular mechanisms of mechanical stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: Congestive heart failure is one of the major issues for cardiologists. Since cardiac hypertrophy deteriorates into heart failure, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy. Hemodynamic overload, namely mechanical stress, is a major cause for cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanical stress induces various hypertrophic responses such as activation of phosphorylation cascades of many protein kinases, expression of specific genes and an increase in protein synthesis. During this process, secretion and production of vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II and endothelin-1, are increased and play critical roles in the induction of these hypertrophic responses. Recently, a Ca2+ dependent protein kinase, CaMK, and a Ca2+ dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, have attracted great attention as critical molecules that induce cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we described the mechanisms by which mechanical stress induces cardiac hypertrophy, especially focusing on the role of calcineurin in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Japan.
authors: Yunzeng
authors: Y
authors: Zou
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Takano
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Akazawa
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Nagai
authors: Miho
authors: M
authors: Mizukami
authors: Issei
authors: I
authors: Komuro
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium; D019332:Endothelin-1; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases