title: Applications of a new carbonated calcium phosphate bone cement: early experience in pediatric and adult craniofacial reconstruction.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite cements have recently been employed as bone substitutes in craniofacial reconstruction. They are easily applied, nonresorbable, available in unlimited quantity, and eliminate donor-site morbidity. Norian CRS (craniofacial repair system) is a new carbonated calcium phosphate paste that is unique in that it more closely resembles bone than do traditional hydroxyapatite pastes. Norian is a low-order crystalline apatite soluble at a low pH, facilitating its resorption and replacement by host bone. The cement was first used for craniofacial surgery in North America at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. This report presents the authors' experience with this bone substitute in both pediatric and adult craniofacial reconstruction. Sixteen adult and pediatric patients underwent craniofacial reconstruction involving the use of carbonated calcium phosphate paste for correction of defects that required from 5 to 110 g of carbonated calcium phosphate paste (mean, 28.5 g). The patients were all followed for a minimum of 14 months. Minor complications included one case of infection and two cases involving cement microfragmentation. In the authors' experience, carbonated calcium phosphate paste has proved to be an excellent alloplastic material for osseous augmentation and reconstruction in the craniofacial skeleton. Few problems were encountered using this material; no significant morbidity was encountered. Although this material seems to be promising as a bone substitute, further follow-up will be necessary to evaluate its potential role in craniofacial surgery.
authors: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors: Stephen B
authors: SB
authors: Baker
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Weinzweig
authors: Richard E
authors: RE
authors: Kirschner
authors: Scott P
authors: SP
authors: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous