title: Newborn thyroxine levels and childhood ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Normal brain development is highly dependent on adequate levels of iodine and thyroid hormone. It has been suggested that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the consequence of prenatal thyroidal endocrine disruption. The hypothesis was examined using neonatal thyroxine levels as a bio-marker of prenatal thyroid status and comparing it to subsequent development of ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a matched case-control study, cases were defined as children diagnosed with ADHD, while children born in the same hospital and tested on the same day served as matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis with unequal numbers of controls was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neonatal thyroxine levels were within normal limits for each of the children who were subsequently diagnosed as having ADHD, and their distribution was no different from that of their controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children diagnosed with ADHD do not demonstrate prenatal thyroidal dysfunction as reflected in the newborn thyroxine levels, therefore neonatal thyroxine levels are not a bio-marker for the subsequent development of ADHD.
authors: Consultants in Epidemiology and Occupational Health, Inc., 2428 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20007, USA. offie@ceoh.com
authors: Offie Porat
authors: OP
authors: Soldin
authors: Arvind K N
authors: AK
authors: Nandedkar
authors: Knoxley M
authors: KM
authors: Japal
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Stein
authors: Shiela
authors: S
authors: Mosee
authors: Phyllis
authors: P
authors: Magrab
authors: Shenghan
authors: S
authors: Lai
authors: Steven H
authors: SH
authors: Lamm
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013974:Thyroxine