title: Protein tyrosine kinase and protein phosphatase signaling pathways regulate volume-sensitive chloride currents in a nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether signaling pathways that incorporate protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases regulate PKC-sensitive, volume-sensitive Cl(-) currents (I(Cl,vol)) in cultured rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activation of I(Cl,vol) in response to hyposmotic stimulation was recorded with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in the presence of pharmacologic agents that activate or block kinases and phosphatases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I(Cl,vol) in rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells was identified as a PKC-sensitive, volume-sensitive Cl(-) current, because current was downregulated during cell swelling by phorbol-12-dibutyrate, a PKC activator, and the PKC inhibitors, calphostin and chelerythrine, enhanced the current. Activation of c-Src tyrosine kinases, with an Src activator peptide (EPQ(pY)EEIPI), increased I(Cl,vol) after hyposmotic stimulation, whereas the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but not its inactive analogue daidzein, inhibited the current. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, inhibited I(Cl,vol). Wortmannin did not further inhibit I(Cl,vol) in cells pretreated with the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but blocked enhancement of I(Cl,vol) by PKC inhibitors. The serine-threonine protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor, okadaic acid, blocked activation of I(Cl,vol), whereas insulin, which activates PI3K and PP-1, enhanced the current. The insulin-enhanced current was also blocked by okadaic acid. I(Cl,vol) was not activated under isosmotic conditions by the simultaneous inhibition of PKC with calphostin and activation of PP-1 by insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that PKC-sensitive Cl(-) currents activated in response to cell swelling in nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells are modulated by protein tyrosine kinase, PI3K, and PP signaling pathways. Activation of PP and PKC may involve the upstream intermediaries Src tyrosine kinase and PI3K.
authors: Laboratory for Retina and Optic Nerve Research, Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada.
authors: Chanjuan
authors: C
authors: Shi
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Barnes
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Coca-Prados
authors: Melanie E M
authors: ME
authors: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000166:cytology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases