title: Duloxetine, 60 mg once daily, for major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite treatment advances, major depressive disorder (MDD) is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapies frequently fall short of providing full remission. In addition, physical symptoms are commonly seen in MDD patients, increasing overall morbidity and health care utilization. Duloxetine hydrochloride, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, was evaluated for efficacy and tolerability/safety in the treatment of MDD and associated physical symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study, adult patients with DSM-IV MDD were randomly assigned to receive placebo (N = 122) or duloxetine (60 mg/day, N = 123) for 9 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) total score. Painful physical symptoms were assessed using visual analog scales, and global illness and quality of life were evaluated using the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scale, the Patient Global Impressions-Improvement scale, and the Quality of Life in Depression Scale. Safety and tolerability were determined by monitoring discontinuation rates, adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duloxetine was significantly superior to placebo (p < .001) in reducing HAM-D-17 total scores, starting at week 2. The estimated probability of remission for duloxetine-treated patients (44%) was almost 3 times that of placebo patients (16%). Duloxetine significantly reduced painful physical symptoms in comparison with placebo. Discontinuation due to adverse events for duloxetine-treated patients (13.8%) compared favorably with the rates reported for SSRIs in other studies. Nausea, dry mouth, and somnolence were the most common adverse events; no significant incidence of hypertension was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duloxetine, 60 mg/day, is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for MDD that reduces painful physical symptoms. These findings suggest that duloxetine may be a first-line treatment for patients with MDD and associated painful physical symptoms.
authors: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind 46285, USA. detke_michael@lilly.com
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Detke
authors: Yili
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Goldstein
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Hayes
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Demitrack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D013876:Thiophenes; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride