title: Inhibition of inducible NO synthase by TH2 cytokines and TGF beta in rheumatoid arthritic synoviocytes: effects on nitrosothiol production.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects on NO production of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 with those of TGF-beta. RA synovial cells were stimulated for 24 h with IL-1 beta (1 ng/ml), TNF-alpha (500 pg/ml), IFN-gamma (10(-4)IU/ml) alone or in combination. Nitrite was determined by the Griess reaction, S-nitrosothiols by fluorescence, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by immunofluorescence and fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis (FACS). In other experiments, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF beta were used at various concentrations and were added in combination with proinflammatory cytokines. The addition of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma together increased nitrite production: 257.5 +/- 35.8 % and S-nitrosothiol production : 413 +/- 29%, P < 0.001. None of these cytokines added alone had any significant effect. iNOS synthesis increased with NO production. IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF beta strongly decreased the NO production caused by the combination of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. These results demonstrate that stimulated RA synoviocytes produce S-nitrosothiols, bioactive NO* compounds, in similar quantities to nitrite. IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta decrease NO production by RA synovial cells. The anti-inflammatory properties of these cytokines may thus be due at least in part to their effect on NO metabolism.
authors: Laboratoire de Biochimie A, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris V, 27 rue du fg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. didier.borderie@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Borderie
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Hilliquin
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Hernvann
authors: Hervé
authors: H
authors: Lemarechal
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Kahan
authors: Charles J
authors: CJ
authors: Menkes
authors: Ohvanesse G
authors: OG
authors: Ekindjian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002469:Cell Separation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II