title: Psychosis in Alzheimer disease: postmortem magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence of excess neuronal and membrane phospholipid pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer Disease subjects (AD+psychosis, AD+P) is a marker for a phenotype characterized by more severe cognitive impairment and a more rapidly deteriorating course. Although AD+P has been inconsistently associated with more severe neuropathology, no prior studies have examined measures of neuronal and synaptic integrity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether AD+P is associated with evidence of disrupted neuronal and synaptic integrity, as indicated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurement of N-acetyl-L-aspartate and the membrane breakdown products, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  31P and 1H MRS studies of perchloric acid extract from postmortem brain of AD subjects with and without a history of psychotic symptoms. All subjects were characterized for the presence of comorbid cortical Lewy body pathology and for history of neuroleptic use. Brain tissue from dorsolateral prefrontal, superior temporal, inferior parietal, and occipital cortex, amygdala, and cerebellum were examined in all subjects. Statistical analysis accounted for correlated observations across brain regions within-subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AD+P subjects demonstrated significant elevations of glycerophosphoethanolamine and significant reductions of N-acetyl-L-aspartate. Between group differences were greatest in neocortical brain regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excess impairment of neocortical neuronal and synaptic integrity may provide the structural substrate underlying AD+P. Confirmation of these findings using in vivo MRS measures is indicated.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatrics, Neuropsychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA. SweetRA@MSX.UPMC.EDU
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Sweet
authors: Kanagasabai
authors: K
authors: Panchalingam
authors: Jay W
authors: JW
authors: Pettegrew
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: McClure
authors: Ronald L
authors: RL
authors: Hamilton
authors: Oscar L
authors: OL
authors: Lopez
authors: Daniel I
authors: DI
authors: Kaufer
authors: Steven T
authors: ST
authors: DeKosky
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Klunk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001344:Autopsy; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids