title: Long-term results after pulmonary resection of renal cell carcinoma metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until now no conclusive data exist regarding the factors influencing long-term survival after pulmonary resection of renal cell carcinoma metastases. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to discover definitive prognostic factors for survival using a large and homogeneous single center patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1980 and 2000, 105 patients, after curative resection of lung metastases from renal cell carcinoma, were followed in this long-term study. These patients underwent a total of 150 surgical procedures. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed using the Cox multivariate proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival after curative resection reached 43 months (range, 1 to 218 months). Survival at 3, 5, and 10 years was 54%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that a complete resection, a less than 4-cm diameter of the metastases and tumor-free lymph nodes at the time of primary operation, were highly significant dependent prognostic factors (p < 0.001). These factors were also shown to be independent prognostic factors as suggested by multivariate analysis (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size of the metastatic nodule, the completeness of pulmonary resection, and the lymph node status at the time of nephrectomy are the most important prognostic factors that influence survival after resection of pulmonary metastases. Recurrence of resectable pulmonary metastases does not impair survival, thus favoring repeated resection in patients with recurrent disease.
authors: Department of Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. spiltz@gch.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Piltz
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Meimarakis
authors: Matthias W
authors: MW
authors: Wichmann
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Hatz
authors: Friedrich Wilhelm
authors: FW
authors: Schildberg
authors: Heinrich
authors: H
authors: Fuerst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate