title: Tolterodine: selectivity for the urinary bladder over the eye (as measured by visual accommodation) in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tolterodine exhibits a favourable selectivity for the urinary bladder over salivary glands in vivo, in the anaesthetised cat, whereas oxybutynin shows the opposite selectivity profile in this model. This study further evaluated the selectivity profiles of tolterodine and oxybutynin by comparing the effects on bladder function and visual accommodation in the same individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, randomised, four-way crossover study, 16 healthy volunteers received single oral doses of tolterodine 5 mg and oxybutynin 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg. Voiding parameters were assessed for 12 hours post-dose, along with visual accommodation (near point of vision) at regular intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent increase in maximum bladder capacity was observed for oxybutynin [2.5 mg (+35%), 5 mg (+45%) and 7.5 mg (%)]. The effect of tolterodine 5 mg on bladder capacity was approximately twice (+93%) that seen after oxybutynin 5 mg and the onset of the effect was more rapid with tolterodine. Effects on visual accommodation were also dose-dependent for oxybutynin (maximum changes in near point of vision were 13%, 20% and 29%, respectively). The maximum change observed after tolterodine 5 mg was the same as after oxybutynin 5 mg (i.e. 20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolterodine seems to exhibit selectivity for the bladder over the eye. Therefore, these results suggest that the normal dosage of tolterodine (2 mg twice daily) may have less effect on visual accommodation than the equivalent dosage of oxybutynin (5 mg three times daily) in patients with an overactive bladder.
authors: Department of Urology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. c.r.chapple@shef.ac.uk
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Chapple
authors: Lisbeth
authors: L
authors: Nilvebrant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003408:Cresols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; C005419:oxybutynin