title: Ventricular septal defect with congenital mitral valve disease: long-term results of corrective surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A retrospective analysis of the mortality, morbidity and long-term follow-up of patients undergoing corrective surgery for ventricular septal defect and congenital mitral valve disease is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 1991 and December 2000, 69 consecutive patients aged 2 months to 45 years (median 18 months) underwent repair of ventricular septal defect and associated mitral valve disease. In 52 patients (75%), the ventricular septal defects were located in the perimembranous and subarterial area. Forty-six patients had congenital mitral incompetence and 23 had congenital mitral stenosis. The ventricular septal defect was repaired through the right atrium in all. Sixty-five patients underwent reconstruction of the mitral valve and 4 underwent primary mitral valve replacement. Another 4 patients underwent mitral valve replacement after a failed repair. Associated procedures included: patent ductus arteriosus ligation (n=12), aortic valve replacement (n=6), coarctation repair (n=13), interrupted aortic arch repair (n=1), atrial septal defect closure (n=17) and Takeuchi repair (n=1). There were 6 early deaths (8.6%). Three deaths were due to pulmonary arterial hypertensive crisis and one due to residual mitral stenosis. One death was due to intractable congestive heart failure. Another patient died due to persistent low cardiac output. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 120 months (mean 64.4+/-33.6 months). Reoperation was required in 22 patients, mainly for recurrent/residual mitral valve dysfunction or hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. There were 4 late deaths, 2 due to residual mitral stenosis and the other 2 as a result of a thrombosed prosthetic valve. At 10 years, the actuarial survival rate was 850+/-5.0%, and freedom from reoperation was 45%+/-10.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the mitral valve along with closure of VSD is possible in most cases. However, careful follow-up is recommended to detect changes in the mitral valve status over a course of time.
authors: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors: Saket
authors: S
authors: Agarwal
authors: Balram
authors: B
authors: Airan
authors: Ujjwal K
authors: UK
authors: Chowdhury
authors: Shiv K
authors: SK
authors: Choudhary
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Sharma
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Bhan
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Saxena
authors: Panangipalli
authors: P
authors: Venugopal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013995:Time; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery