Young adult outcome of children with "situational" hyperactivity: a prospective, controlled follow-up study.
To examine the importance of symptom pervasiveness in ADHD, we conducted a prospective, 12-year follow-up study of boys (ages 6-12) considered hyperactive at school and home (Pervasive ADHD), boys considered hyperactive by teachers but not parents (School Only ADHD), boys considered hyperactive by parents but not teachers (Home Only ADHD), and nonhyperactive comparisons. Follow-up was completed on 82-94% participants. Clinicians interviewed participants and their parents, blind to childhood status. At follow-up, antisocial disorder was significantly more prevalent among Pervasive and School Only ADHD (29% for both) than Home Only ADHD (0%) and comparisons (8%). In a similar manner, severity of behavioral problems distinguished groups (Pervasive, School > Home, comparisons), as did educational attainment and academic performance (poorest for Pervasive and School). These findings stress the validity of teacher reports in the diagnosis of ADHD.
Mannuzza
Salvatore
S
NYU School of Medicine, NYU Child Study Center, New York, New York 10016, USA. sal.mannuza@med.nyu.edu
Klein
Rachel G
RG
Moulton
John L
JL
D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching