title: Correlation of initial PSA level and biopsy features with PSA-doubling time in early stage prostate cancers in Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To distinguish good candidates for watchful waiting from those who need immediate treatment in localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate specific antigen (PSA)-doubling time (DT) was calculated by a log-linear regression model for 78 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (T1c: 47, T2a: 6, T2b: 21, and T3: 4) under surveillance. Median observation period was 37.5 months. The first 1-year PSA-DT was compared with the overall PSA-DT in 41 patients who had been under surveillance for more than 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant difference in the PSA-DT distribution between a pooled group of T1c and T2a and a group of T2b and T3 patients (median 58.8 versus 33.3 months, P = 0.0052). A combination of three parameters consisting of initial PSA level less than 10 ng/ml, WHO grade 1, one or two positive core per six to eight systematic biopsy cores with 50% or less cancer involvement significantly correlated with PSA-DT distribution in the T1c plus T2a group (P = 0.0034). The first year assessment of PSA-DT was identical to the overall assessment in 48.8%, 2 years or more in 36.6%, while it was 2 years or less (possibly over-estimated) in 14.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA-DT can be predictable to some extent with the initial PSA level and biopsy features in early stage prostate cancers. Prospective study is needed to clarify whether temporary observation together with PSA-DT estimation is a safe strategy and is complementary to clinico-pathological parameters at diagnosis.
authors: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa Medical University, Kita-gun, Japan. kakehi@kms.ac.jp
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Kakehi
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Kamoto
authors: Taizo
authors: T
authors: Shiraishi
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Kato
authors: Ken-ichi
authors: K
authors: Tobisu
authors: Koichiro
authors: K
authors: Akakura
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Egawa
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Maeda
authors: Yoshiteru
authors: Y
authors: Sumiyoshi
authors: Yoichi
authors: Y
authors: Arai
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019370:Observation; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen