title: Assessment of atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasonography in a cohort of HIV-positive patients treated with protease inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lipid disorders associated with the use of protease inhibitors (PI) may be a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) among HIV-positive patients treated with PI containing regimens compared to PI-naïve and HIV-negative subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed plasma lipid levels and carotid IMT in 28 HIV-positive patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) for a mean of 28.7 months (range 18-43) and in two control groups constituted, respectively, by 15 HIV-positive naïve patients and 16 HIV-negative subjects, that were matched for age, risk factors for HIV infection, cigarette smoke use and CD4+ cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PI-treated patients had higher triglyceride, HDL and apo B levels than controls. Carotid IMT was significantly increased in PI-treated patients compared to naïve or HIV-negative subjects. A correlation between cholesterol HDL, triglyceride and ApoB levels and IMT was observed among the entire cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma lipid alterations were associated with an increased IMT and intima media thickening was more pronounced in PI-treated patients than in the two control groups. Periodical evaluation of blood lipid profile and, if required, the use of lipid-lowering agents is advisable. Moreover, physicians should address concurrent risk factor for atherosclerosis that can be modified, including smoking, hypertension, obesity and sedentary life-style.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Seminari
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pan
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Voltini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Carnevale
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Maserati
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Minoli
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Meneghetti
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Tinelli
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Testa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides