Tuberculous pericarditis in an infant evolving during triple chemotherapy.
A 36-month-old girl was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) with isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. Four weeks after starting chemotherapy, she developed high fever and clinical signs of acute pericardial tamponade. Pericardial effusion was shown by echocardiography and subsequently removed by pericardiocentesis. M. tuberculosis was demonstrated in the pericardial fluid by microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and specific culture. After pericardial drainage, the actual therapy was extended to include streptomycin and prednisone. Follow-up examinations demonstrated complete recovery without signs of constrictive pericarditis.


CONCLUSIONS
infants treated for tuberculosis should be followed closely in order to monitor not only side-effects of antituberculous drugs but also to detect early extrapulmonary spread that may occur even with adequate chemotherapy. Rapid intervention and treatment adjustment in infants with tuberculous pericarditis may prevent pericardial constriction and may lead to full recovery.
Meyburg
Jochen
J
Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Germany. jochen_meyburg@med.uni-hedelberg.de
Schmidt
Klaus G
KG
Nützenadel
Walter
W
Bettendorf
Markus
M
D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000382:microbiology; D010495:Pericarditis, Tuberculous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin