title: M6P/IGF2R tumor suppressor gene mutated in hepatocellular carcinomas in Japan.
abstract: Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) tumor suppressor- gene mutation is an early event in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation in the United States, but its role in hepatocarcinogenesis in Japan is unclear. We therefore determined M6P/IGF2R mutation frequency in HCCs from patients who resided in the southern, central, and northern regions of Japan. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to identify HCCs and dysplastic liver nodules with M6P/IGF2R loss of heterozygosity. The retained allele in these tumors was also assessed for point mutations and deletions in the M6P/IGF2R ligand binding domains by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA products. Fifty-eight percent (54 of 93) of the patients were heterozygous at the M6P/IGF2R locus, and 67% (43 of 64) of the HCCs and 75% (3 of 4) of the dysplastic nodules had loss of heterozygosity. The remaining allele in 21% of the HCCs contained either M6P/IGF2R missense mutations or deletions, whereas such mutations were not found in the dysplastic lesions. In conclusion, M6P/IGF2R is mutated in HCCs from throughout Japan with a frequency similar to that in the United States. Loss of heterozygosity in dysplastic liver nodules provides additional evidence that M6P/IGF2R haploid insufficiency is an early event in human hepatocarcinogenesis.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Oka
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Waterland
authors: J Keith
authors: JK
authors: Killian
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Nolan
authors: Hong-Seok
authors: HS
authors: Jang
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Tohara
authors: Seigo
authors: S
authors: Sakaguchi
authors: Tsuneyoshi
authors: T
authors: Yao
authors: Akinori
authors: A
authors: Iwashita
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Yata
authors: Terumi
authors: T
authors: Takahara
authors: Shin-Ichiro
authors: S
authors: Sato
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Suzuki
authors: Tomoyuki
authors: T
authors: Masuda
authors: Randy L
authors: RL
authors: Jirtle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D017354:Point Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2