title: Lovastatin is a potent inhibitor of meningioma cell proliferation: evidence for inhibition of a mitogen associated protein kinase.
abstract: Lovastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase the rate limiting enzyme for synthesis of mevalonic acid, a precursor for cholesterol, farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate isoprenoids. Recent studies suggest it also has growth inhibitory properties. Posttranslational farnesyl or geranylgeranylation of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins such as RAS and RHO are thought to be an essential step in activation of phosphorylation cascades such as the RAS-RAF-1-MEK-1-MAPK/ERK pathway which stimulate cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated lovastatin effects on meningioma cell proliferation and activation of the MEK-1-MAPK/ERK pathway. The effect of lovastatin on cell proliferation was assessed in eight human meningioma cell cultures stimulated by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Concomitant lovastatin effects on phosphorylation/activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK-1) and MAPK/ERK were assessed by Western blot. Whether lovastatin acts via a mevalonate-dependent mechanism was also evaluated. Coadministration of lovastatin completely blocked PDGF-BB, CSF, and FBS stimulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation. Lovastatin inhibited PDGF-BB's stimulatory effect in a dose dependent manner. Concomitant with its growth inhibitory effects, lovastatin reduced phosphorylation/activation of MEK-1/2 in five meningiomas and MAPK/ERK in seven. Coadministration of mevalonate with lovastatin partially restored PDGF's mitogenic effect. Lovastatin is a potent inhibitor of meningioma cell proliferation which may act in part by reducing activation of MEK-1-MAPK/ERK pathway. Additional studies are warranted to assess whether lovastatin and similar HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors represent a new adjunctive chemotherapy for recurrent meningiomas.
authors: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt Medical School, Nashville Veterans Administration Medical Center, TN 37212, USA. mahlon.johnson@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors: Mahlon D
authors: MD
authors: Johnson
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Woodard
authors: Evelyn J
authors: EJ
authors: Okediji
authors: Steven A
authors: SA
authors: Toms
authors: George S
authors: GS
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008579:Meningioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008148:Lovastatin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D008798:Mevalonic Acid