title: Prothrombotic effects and clinical implications of third-generation oral contraceptives use.
abstract: Although the use of oral contraceptives has been frequently associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, definitive prothrombotic mechanisms have not so far been fully elucidated. The aim of our investigation was the evaluation of the activities of antithrombin, protein C, protein S and the resistance to activated protein C in 137 healthy users of third-generation oral contraceptives and in 170 healthy women who were not consuming oral contraceptives. Women on oral contraceptives showed a marked prothrombotic pattern, characterized by reduced activities of antithrombin and protein S, and increased resistance to activated protein C. Nearby 50% of oral contraceptive users displayed activities of protein S below the lower value of the reference range (controls, 10%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between two progestagens (desogestrel or gestodene) on the coagulation parameters tested. We believe that, due to the adverse effect on haemostasis, the administration of third-generation oral contraceptives should be carefully considered in women carrying prothrombotic abnormalities.
authors: Istituto di Chimica e Microscopia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Verona, Italy. ulippi@tin.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Lippi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Manzato
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Brocco
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Franchini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Guidi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000187:drug effects; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000009:adverse effects; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011486:Protein C / Q000187:drug effects; D017293:Protein S / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D009652:Norpregnenes; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; C033273:Gestodene; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D000990:Antithrombin III