title: Novel disease-causing mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene interpreted by analysis of the three-dimensional protein structure.
abstract: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Cancer patients with a partial deficiency of DPD are at risk of developing severe life-threatening toxicities after the administration of 5-fluorouracil. Thus, identification of novel disease-causing mutations is of the utmost importance to allow screening of patients at risk. In eight patients presenting with a complete DPD deficiency, a considerable variation in the clinical presentation was noted. Whereas motor retardation was observed in all patients, no patients presented with convulsive disorders. In this group of patients, nine novel mutations were identified including one deletion of two nucleotides [1039-1042delTG] and eight missense mutations. Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that five out of eight amino acid exchanges present in these patients with a complete DPD deficiency, Pro86Leu, Ser201Arg, Ser492Leu, Asp949Val and His978Arg, interfered directly or indirectly with cofactor binding or electron transport. Furthermore, the mutations Ile560Ser and Tyr211Cys most likely affected the structural integrity of the DPD protein. Only the effect of the Ile370Val and a previously identified Cys29Arg mutation could not be readily explained by analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the DPD enzyme, suggesting that at least the latter might be a common polymorphism. Our data demonstrate for the first time the possible consequences of missense mutations in the DPD gene on the function and stability of the DPD enzyme.
authors: Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital and Department of Chemistry, The Netherlands. a.b.vanKuilenburg@amc.uva.nl
authors: André B P
authors: AB
authors: van Kuilenburg
authors: Doreen
authors: D
authors: Dobritzsch
authors: Rutger
authors: R
authors: Meinsma
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Haasjes
authors: Hans R
authors: HR
authors: Waterham
authors: Malgorzata J M
authors: MJ
authors: Nowaczyk
authors: George D
authors: GD
authors: Maropoulos
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Hein
authors: Hermann
authors: H
authors: Kalhoff
authors: Jean M
authors: JM
authors: Kirk
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Baaske
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Aukett
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Duley
authors: Kate P
authors: KP
authors: Ward
authors: Ylva
authors: Y
authors: Lindqvist
authors: Albert H
authors: AH
authors: van Gennip
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); D004579:Electron Transport; D005091:Exons; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000737:chemistry; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013941:Thymine / Q000737:chemistry; D014498:Uracil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014498:Uracil; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); C030986:pyrimidine; D013941:Thymine; D005472:Fluorouracil