title: Optimizing the efficacy of epitope-directed DNA vaccination.
abstract: An increasing number of clinical trials has been initiated to test the potential of prophylactic or curative vaccination with tumor Ag-encoding DNA vaccines. However, in the past years it has become apparent that for many Ags and in particular for tumor Ags the intracellular processing and presentation are suboptimal. To improve epitope-directed DNA vaccines we have developed a murine model system in which epitope-specific, DNA vaccine-induced T cell immunity can be followed by MHC tetramer technology directly ex vivo. We have used this well-defined model to dissect the parameters that are crucial for the induction of strong cytotoxic T cell immunity using two independent model Ags. These experiments have led to a set of five guidelines for the design of epitope-directed DNA vaccines, indicating that carboxyl-terminal fusion of the epitope to a carrier protein of foreign origin is the most favorable strategy. DNA vaccines that are based on these guidelines induce high-magnitude CD8(+) T cell responses in >95% of vaccinated animals. Moreover, T cell immunity induced by this type of optimized DNA vaccine provides long-term protection against otherwise lethal tumor challenges.
authors: Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Monika C
authors: MC
authors: Wolkers
authors: Mireille
authors: M
authors: Toebes
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Okabe
authors: John B A G
authors: JB
authors: Haanen
authors: Ton N M
authors: TN
authors: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000235:genetics; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000235:genetics; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C048842:NP protein, Influenza A virus; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009698:Nucleoproteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins