title: Human alveolar epithelial cells induce nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in alveolar macrophages.
abstract: It was hypothesized that cell-to-cell interaction between human alveolar macrophages (AM) and alveolar epithelium, might be an important factor leading to nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression by constituent cells of the alveolar wall and/or AM. NOS2 mRNA and the protein expression patterns of human AM and alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) isolated from normal parts of lung resections of patients with pulmonary malignancies were determined. In addition, NOS2 mRNA expression in human AM co-cultured with autologous AEC-II in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. The effect of human surfactant protein-A (SP-A) on IFN-gamma-mediated NOS2 mRNA expression in human AM was also studied. Neither NOS2 mRNA nor protein could be detected in freshly isolated, unstimulated or cytokine-stimulated AEC-II. In contrast, freshly isolated AM from bronchoalveolar lavage or lung tissue samples expressed immunoreactivity for NOS2 protein, but no NOS2 mRNA could be detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. All stimuli tested failed to induce NOS2 mRNA expression in human AM in vitro. Only AM-AEC-II co-culture in the presence of IFN-gamma led to NOS2 mRNA and protein expression. In situ hybridization of NOS2 mRNA on lung tissue explants and immunohistochemical staining of cytospin preparations of AM-AEC-II co-cultures demonstrated that NOS2 is expressed in AM but not in AEC-II. This co-culture effect could not be reproduced by substitution of AEC-II with SP-A. These data give evidence of a regulatory network controlling human nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in the lower respiratory tract.
authors: Medical Hospital, Research Centre Borstel, Germany.
authors: D V
authors: DV
authors: Pechkovsky
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Zissel
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Stamme
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Goldmann
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ari Jaffe
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Einhaus
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Taube
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Magnussen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Schlaak
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Müller-Quernheim
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II