Influence of Maillard reaction products on DNA damage in human lymphocytes.
The effect of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes was investigated using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Three MRPs, Xyl-Lys MRP, Glu-Lys MRP, and Fru-Lys MRP, were prepared by heating lysine with xylose, glucose, and fructose, respectively, at pH 9.0 and 100 degrees C for 3 h and called undialyzed MRPs. The prepared MRPs were further dialyzed, and three undialyzable MRPs were obtained. The undialyzed MRPs caused significant (p < 0.05) DNA damage in human lymphocytes at a concentration of 0.05-0.1 mg/mL by the comet assay. Compared with the control, the undialyzable Xyl-Lys MRP and Glu-Lys MRP caused significant DNA damage in human lymphocytes at a concentration >0.1 mg/mL, whereas Fru-Lys MRP did so at a concentration >0.2 mg/mL. Moreover, undialyzed MRPs caused less DNA damage than did undialyzable MRPs. The undialyzable MRPs did not affect the activity of glutathione peroxidase or lipid peroxidation in human lymphocytes at a concentration of 0.05-0.8 mg/mL. However, these three undialyzable MRPs decreased the glutathione (GSH) contents and the activities of GSH reductase and catalase in human lymphocytes. On the basis of the results of the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, the radicals might play an important role in the DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by these MRPs in this reaction system.
Yen
Gow-Chin
GC
Department of Food Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China. gcyen@mail.nchu.edu.tw
Liao
Chio-Min
CM
Wu
She-Ching
SC
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D008297:Male; D014994:Xylose / Q000737:chemistry
D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D005632:Fructose; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D014994:Xylose; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine