Two novel mutations of thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotrans porter (TSC) gene in two sporadic Japanese patients with Gitelman syndrome.
Gitelman syndrome is a renal disorder characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis and hypocalciuria due to the defective tubular reabsorption of magnesium and potassium. This disease is caused by mutations of thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) gene. Gitelman syndrome is usually distinguished from Bartter syndrome by the presence of both hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. However, a phenotypic overlap is sometimes observed. We encountered two sporadic Japanese patients with Gitelman syndrome and analyzed their TSC gene. These patients were diagnosed as Gitelman syndrome by the typical clinical findings and biochemical abnormalities, such as mild muscular weakness, periodic paralysis, tetany, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. In patient 1, a novel two base deletion (del TG at nucleotide 731 and 732) in exon 5 and a two base deletion (del TT at nucleotide 2543 and 2544) in exon 21 previously reported in a Japanese patient were identified. The patient 2 had a missense mutation (L623P), that was also identified in Japanese patients, and a novel in-frame 18 base insertion in exon 6 as a heterozygous state. Family analysis of two patients confirmed an autosomal recessive inheritance. In conclusion, we add two new mutations of the TSC gene in Japanese patients with Gitelman syndrome. Because the differential diagnosis between Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome is sometimes difficult, molecular analysis would be a useful diagnostic tool, particularly in unusual cases with phenotypic overlapping.
Tajima
Toshihiro
T
Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Kobayashi
Yuichi
Y
Abe
Shuji
S
Takahashi
Michiko
M
Konno
Mutsuko
M
Nakae
Jun
J
Okuhara
Kouji
K
Satoh
Kouhei
K
Ishikawa
Takeshi
T
Imai
Toshio
T
Fujieda
Kenji
K
D000293:Adolescent; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020514:Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011955:Receptors, Drug; C578874:SLC12A3 protein, human; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters; C064415:thiazide receptor