title: Predictors of cognitive improvement after reality orientation in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  there is increasing evidence to support the efficacy of reality orientation in cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The clinical characteristics of patients who respond to reality orientation are poorly understood; this knowledge could be important, given that the provision of reality orientation therapy is labour-intensive and may provoke emotional distress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate retrospectively which demographic and clinical characteristics of Alzheimer's patients predict cognitive outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  we analysed 38 mild-to-moderately demented outpatients who regularly attended a one-month formal reality orientation programme. The mini mental state examination score changes from baseline-and immediately after-reality orientation were correlated with demographic and pre-treatment clinical characteristics by a linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  short-term responsiveness to reality orientation was significantly predicted by a lower level of cognitive functioning (as measured by the mini mental state examination) at baseline and by the absence of euphoria, accounting together for 57.6% of variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a lower mini mental state examination and the absence of euphoric behaviour in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease may predict a good cognitive outcome of reality orientation therapy.
authors: I.R.C.C.S. S. Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy. ozanetti@oh-fbf.it
authors: Orazio
authors: O
authors: Zanetti
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Oriani
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Geroldi
authors: Giuliano
authors: G
authors: Binetti
authors: Giovanni B
authors: GB
authors: Frisoni
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Di Giovanni
authors: Luc P
authors: LP
authors: De Vreese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies