title: Starting dose of levothyroxine for the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of levothyroxine sodium starting dose on cognitive development, growth, or behavior in children with congenital hypothyroidism identified by neonatal screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of cohort studies. Two analyses were performed: a between-study comparison of mean starting dose with mean developmental score and an analysis of the within-study effects of starting dose on cognitive development, growth, or behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The between-study comparison (14 cohort studies based on 1321 patients) found that the standardized mean IQ or developmental quotient scores ranged from 90 to 115 but were not associated with the mean starting dose of levothyroxine (P =.48). The within-study comparison of 4 cohort studies (based on 558 patients) that reported the effect of the starting dose of levothyroxine on cognitive development found no consistent effects. There was weak evidence for an effect of starting dose on growth (1 study) and on behavior problems (1 study).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence for an effect of starting dose of levothyroxine on cognitive development, growth, or behavior is too weak to justify recommendations in favor of high- or standard-dose regimens. More reliable information, based on a randomized controlled trial of starting dose or a meta-analysis of the individual patient data currently available, is required to inform treatment policies.
authors: MSc, FRCPHCH, Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30, Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EH, England.
authors: Ihor
authors: I
authors: Hrytsiuk
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Gilbert
authors: Stuart
authors: S
authors: Logan
authors: Sima
authors: S
authors: Pindoria
authors: Charles G D
authors: CG
authors: Brook
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine