title: BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation.
abstract: Plant steroid hormones, known as brassinosteroids (BRs), signal through a plasma membrane localized receptor kinase BRI1. We identified bes1, a semidominant suppressor of bri1, which exhibits constitutive BR response phenotypes including long and bending petioles, curly leaves, accelerated senescence, and constitutive expression of BR-response genes. BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to BRs. BES1 is phosphorylated and appears to be destabilized by the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) BIN2, a negative regulator of the BR pathway. These results establish a signaling cascade for BRs with similarities to the Wnt pathway, in which signaling through cell surface receptors leads to inactivation of a GSK-3 allowing accumulation of a nuclear protein that regulates target gene expression.
authors: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors: Yanhai
authors: Y
authors: Yin
authors: Zhi Yong
authors: ZY
authors: Wang
authors: Santiago
authors: S
authors: Mora-Garcia
authors: Jianming
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Shigeo
authors: S
authors: Yoshida
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Asami
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Chory
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010840:Phytosterols; D011494:Protein Kinases; C456160:BES1 protein, Arabidopsis; C454444:BZR1 protein, Arabidopsis; C448985:At4g18710 protein, Arabidopsis