title: Control of exposure to hexavalent chromium and ozone in gas metal arc welding of stainless steels by use of a secondary shield gas.
abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that the shield gas composition in gas metal arc welding can have a considerable effect on hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] concentration in the fume and on ozone concentrations near the arc. Normally a single shield gas is used. This paper describes a double shroud torch that allows used of concentric shield gases of different compositions. A solid stainless steel wire was used for welding. The double shroud torch used secondary shield gases containing small amounts of the reducing agents NO and C2H4. The Cr(VI) concentration in the fume and ozone concentration at a fixed point relative to the arc were measured and compared with results when using a single shield gas. Use of the reducing agents in secondary shielding using the double shroud torch was found to offer advantages for ozone concentration reduction compared with use in a conventional torch, but this was not found to be an advantage for reducing Cr(VI) concentrations.
authors: Department of Environmental Science, University of Bradford, UK. j.h.dennis@bradford.ac.uk
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Dennis
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: French
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Hewitt
authors: Seyed B
authors: SB
authors: Mortazavi
authors: Christopher A J
authors: CA
authors: Redding
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis*; D014896:Welding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D010126:Ozone