title: Nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonias: developing country perspective.
abstract: Nosocomial pneumonias are recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized nations. Emerging data show that they play a similar role in the developing world. A host of extrinsic and intrinsic factors predispose individuals to the development of pneumonias, and a modification of some of these factors provides a low cost solution to prevention of pneumonias. The ideal modality for microbiologic diagnosis of pneumonia remains to be determined. Recent data suggest that there is no difference in outcome when noninvasive techniques are compared with invasive techniques. Antimicrobial resistance is a rapidly increasing problem globally, and combating this with appropriate antibiotic policies, close surveillance, and physician education is essential.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. rumina.hasan@aku.edu
authors: Rumina
authors: R
authors: Hasan
authors: Sardar Ijlal
authors: SI
authors: Babar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003906:Developing Countries; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents