title: Long-term effect on optic nerve of silicone oil tamponade in rabbits: histological and EDXA findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Side-effects after intravitreal use of silicone oil (SO) are not well defined and elucidated. The object of this study was to examine the influence and toxicity of SO on the optic nerve after vitrectomy with SO tamponade.
  
  
  METHODS
  We injected medical grade SO and emulsified SO into rabbit eyes after gas-mediated vitreous compression and examined the eyes by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) (point analysis and area analysis) 6 months after injection. We compared the findings in the non-treated eyes and eyes with only gas-mediated vitreous compression with those in SO-injected eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vacuole-like structures were seen in the optic nerve posterior to the lamina cribrosa. In the group treated with only gas-mediated vitreous compression, the myelin structures were shown by TEM to be destroyed and replaced by glial tissue, while in groups injected with medical grade or emulsified SO severe destruction of the myelin sheath (myelinolysis) was observed. Silicone was identified at the electron-dense edges of the vacuoles by EDXA point analysis, but not in the vacuoles without electron-dense deposits. Dots of Si K alpha were not seen in the control groups, and dense dots were observed in SO-injected groups, by EDXA area analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the vacuoles might be artefacts caused by insufficient fixation or the operative procedure, but TEM showed almost no artefacts in the control optic nerve. Thus, most vacuoles may be SO storage sites. SO uptake into the optic nerve might play a role in the pathogenesis of optic nerve atrophy after SO injection.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan. tamemiya@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Saitoh
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Taniguchi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gong
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ohira
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Amemiya
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007267:Injections; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000633:toxicity*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012827:Silicone Oils