title: Fibroblast growth factor-2 binds to small heparin-derived oligosaccharides and stimulates a sustained phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferation of rat mammary fibroblasts.
abstract: We examine the relationship between the chain length of heparin-derived oligosaccharides, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 binding kinetics and the ability of the oligosaccharides to allow FGF-2-induced proliferation of chlorate-treated rat mammary fibroblasts. First, using an optical biosensor, we show that FGF-2 did not bind disaccharides, but definitively bound to tetrasaccharides. As the chain length increased from tetrasaccharide to octasaccharide, there was a substantial increase in k(ass) (564000 M(-1) x s(-1) to 2000000 M(-1) x s(-1), respectively) and affinity (K(d) 77 nM to 11 nM, respectively) for FGF-2. From decasaccharides and longer, the k(ass) and affinity for FGF-2 was reduced substantially (tetradecasaccharide k(ass) 470000 M(-1) x s(-1), K(d) 30 nM). In chlorate-treated, and hence sulphated, glycosaminoglycan-deficient cells, FGF-2 alone or in the presence of disaccharides did not stimulate DNA synthesis and it only elicited an early transient dual phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In the same cells FGF-2 in the presence of tetrasaccharides and longer oligosaccharides was able to restore DNA synthesis and enable the sustained dual phosphorylation of p42/44(MAPK). However, the oligosaccharides from tetrasaccharides to octasaccharides were less potent in proliferation assays than deca- and longer oligosaccharides. Therefore, there was no correlation between the binding parameters and the potency of the oligosaccharides in DNA synthesis assays. These results demonstrate that tetrasaccharides are able to bind FGF-2 and enable FGF-2 to stimulate cell proliferation, which sets important boundary conditions for models of the FGF-2-heparan sulphate-FGF receptor complex.
authors: School of Biological Sciences, Life Science Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
authors: Maryse
authors: M
authors: Delehedde
authors: Malcolm
authors: M
authors: Lyon
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: Gallagher
authors: Philip S
authors: PS
authors: Rudland
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Fernig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D019921:Biotinylation; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006493:Heparin; D004247:DNA; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases