title: Pyrene cholesterol reports the transient appearance of nonlamellar intermediate structures during fusion of model membranes.
abstract: We have hypothesized that modulating the free energy of hydrophobic mismatch (HM) might be a principal means to control the fusion process and that it may be a role of cholesterol to counteract HM and make membranes fusogenic. To test these hypotheses, we examined the ability of cholesterol 1-pyrenebutyrate (PY-Ch) and other pyrene-containing fluorescent probes to report interstices formed during the L(alpha)-H(II) transition of DiPoPE in terms of changes in excimer/monomer (E/M) fluorescence ratios. We found a significant (>150%) increase in the PY-Ch E/M in the hexagonal phase relative to the lamellar phase, presumably resulting from redistribution of PY-Ch from the curved lamellar leaflets to coexisting HMs that constitute 20 vol % of this phase. All other probes showed a much smaller or even an opposite (PY-hexadecanoic acid) effect. The time course of the PY-Ch E/M ratio during fusion of DOPC/PE/Ch small unilamellar vesicles showed a transient increase with a subsequent decrease, consistent with fusion proceeding through intermediates with significant HM. The amplitude and position of the maximum in E/M correlated with the rate of contents mixing. An increase in E/M was not seen when lipid mixing occurred in the absence of contents mixing. Our results suggest that PY-Ch provides a tool for monitoring fusion intermediates that occur after the initial fusion intermediate but prior to pore formation, possibly by accumulating in regions associated with HM.
authors: Elan Pharmaceuticals, 1 Research Way, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors: Vladimir S
authors: VS
authors: Malinin
authors: Barry R
authors: BR
authors: Lentz
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008081:Liposomes; D011721:Pyrenes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002784:Cholesterol; C030984:pyrene