title: The V(D)J recombinase efficiently cleaves and transposes signal joints.
abstract: V(D)J recombination generates two types of products: coding joints, which constitute the rearranged variable regions of antigen receptor genes, and signal joints, which often form on immunologically irrelevant, excised circular molecules that are lost during cell division. It has been widely believed that signal joints simply convert reactive broken DNA ends into safe, inert products. Yet two curious in vivo observations made us question this assumption: signal ends are far more abundant than coding ends, and signal joints form only after RAG expression is downregulated. In fact, we find that signal joints are not at all inert; they are cleaved quite efficiently in vivo and in vitro by a nick-nick mechanism and form an excellent substrate for RAG-mediated transposition in vitro, possibly explaining how genomic stability in lymphocytes may be compromised.
authors: Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Neiditch
authors: Gregory S
authors: GS
authors: Lee
authors: Leslie E
authors: LE
authors: Huye
authors: Vicky L
authors: VL
authors: Brandt
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Roth
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000378:metabolism; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D045567:VDJ Recombinases
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C064655:V(D)J recombination activating protein 2; C064658:RAG-1 protein; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; D045567:VDJ Recombinases; D004720:Endonucleases