title: Therapeutic concentrations of propofol protects mouse macrophages from nitric oxide-induced cell death and apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential effect of a clinically relevant concentration of propofol (PPF) on cell viability and nitric oxide-induced macrophage apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse macrophages (cell line Raw 264.7) were cultured and incubated with a nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), PPF, and a combination of PPF and SNP for one, six and 24 hr. Cell viability was determined by the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic cells were determined by analyzing the percentages of sub-G1 phase in macrophages. The amounts of nitric oxide were assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amounts of nitric oxide in macrophages were increased with time when incubated with SNP (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, SNP caused cell death of macrophages in a concentration-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). PPF per se did not alter the amount of basal and SNP-provided nitric oxide in macrophages. A therapeutic concentration of PPF (30 microM) exhibited no cytotoxicity. After incubation with SNP for one and six hours, PPF could completely or partially block nitric oxide-induced cell death, respectively (P < 0.05). Administration of SNP to macrophages resulted in a time-dependent pattern of increase of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). Similar to the results of the cell viability analyses, PPF was able to protect macrophages from nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in one and six hour-treated groups (P < 0.05) but not in the 24 hr treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPF, at a therapeutic concentration, can protect mouse macrophages in vitro from nitric oxide-induced cell apoptosis as well as cell death.
authors: Department of Education and Research, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors: Hang
authors: H
authors: Chang
authors: Shih-Ying
authors: SY
authors: Tsai
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Chang
authors: Ta-Liang
authors: TL
authors: Chen
authors: Ruei-Ming
authors: RM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003124:Colorimetry; D007700:Kinetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015742:Propofol