title: Winter survival in Sweden of L(3)-stage larvae of the ostrich wireworm Libyostrongylus douglassii.
abstract: Libyostrongylus douglassii, a pathogenic trichostrongylid nematode of the ostrich, was recently identified as a potentially important parasite in ostriches on Swedish farms. This parasite is well adapted to the hot and dry climates of sub-Saharan Africa, the natural habitat of the ostrich. The influence of low temperatures in colder climates, such as in Sweden, on free-living stages of L. douglassii is however insufficiently known. In this study, parasite free ostrich faeces were mixed with infective L(3)-stage larvae of L. douglassii, which had been cultured from eggs obtained from two Swedish farms. Samples of the mixture were placed on a grass surface, and analyses for L(3)-stage larvae were performed at regular intervals. The results of the study showed that L(3)-stage larvae may remain alive during a period of at least 97 days on pasture during the winter season in Sweden, even when the temperature within the samples was repeatedly below -0.1 degrees C, and the air temperature varied between -19.6 and +14.9 degrees C. It was concluded that L(3)-stage larvae of L. douglassii probably have the ability to remain viable on pastures during winter in Sweden.
authors: Department of Poultry, National Veterinary Institute, SE75189 Uppsala, Sweden. desiree.s.jansson@sva.se
authors: Desiree S
authors: DS
authors: Jansson
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Christensson
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: Christensson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D012621:Seasons; D020310:Struthioniformes; D013548:Sweden; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000254:growth & development*; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*