title: Experimental evaluation of urinary bladder marsupialization in male goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of urinary bladder marsupialization in male goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy mixed-breed male goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After experimentally induced urethral obstruction, 6 male goats had urinary bladder marsupialization. Renal ultrasonography, complete blood count, and serum biochemical analysis were evaluated preoperatively (day 0), at 7 postoperative days, and then at 30-day intervals until 180 days. Stomal diameter was recorded immediately postoperatively and at each postoperative interval. Necropsy examination was performed on day 180 or when stomal stricture or death occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stomal stricture occurred in 1 goat at 120 days. Another goat was found dead at 150 days; severe, suppurative cystitis was identified on necropsy. All goats had mild urine scald dermatitis. Serum biochemical values remained within normal limits, but significant decreases in white blood cell count, serum creatinine concentration, and stomal diameter occurred. At necropsy, all bladders were tubular in shape. Histological evidence of chronic suppurative cystitis and chronic, mild lymphoplasmacytic pyelitis occurred in all goats. Bacterial culture of renal tissue yielded growth in 3 goats, and bladder mucosal swabs yielded bacterial growth in all goats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clinical signs of ascending urinary tract infection were not observed in goats with patent stomata, urinary bladder marsupialization may result in ascending urinary tract inflammation or infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, urinary bladder marsupialization should be recommended with caution as the primary method for management of urinary tract obstruction in clinical cases.
authors: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors: Kimberly A
authors: KA
authors: May
authors: H David
authors: HD
authors: Moll
authors: Robert B
authors: RB
authors: Duncan
authors: Martha M
authors: MM
authors: Moon
authors: R Scott
authors: RS
authors: Pleasant
authors: Rick D
authors: RD
authors: Howard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006041:Goats; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*