title: Endoscope- and video-assisted endodontic surgery.
abstract: Since the introduction of microsurgical principles in the 1990s, the field of endodontic surgery has made continuous and substantial progress. Particularly, root-end cavity preparation has been simplified and optimized by means of newly developed surgical microinstruments. However, the successful outcome of endodontic surgery depends to a large extent on accurate intraoperative diagnostics. Conventionally, micromirrors (retromirrors) and microprobes have been used for this purpose. Recently, the surgical microscope has been used to enhance visibility during dental procedures. In addition, endoscopy has been reported to provide the surgeon with outstanding vision and ease of use. This article describes the technical specifications and the diagnostic application of the endoscope during endodontic surgery.
authors: Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. thomas.vonarx@zmk.unibe.ch
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: von Arx
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Hunenbart
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Buser
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D008904:Miniaturization; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation