title: Needle exchange: how the meanings ascribed to needles impact exchange practices and policies.
abstract: The consistency among needle exchange practices, HIV prevention, harm reduction goals, and potential program effectiveness are analyzed. Using a modified ethnographic approach, qualitative interviews were conducted with staff (n = 59) of needle exchange programs (NEPs; n = 15). Interviews addressed operational policies; funding and challenges. An iterative, inductive analytic process was used. Differences in exchange practices are traced to differences in how workers define needles as objects of "risk" and/or "prevention." The weight accorded to each definition has implications for service delivery. Among NEPs that ascribe a "risk" meaning, workers enforce a strict one-for-one exchange, encourage clients to take fewer needles, and penalize clients. Programs that focus on the "prevention" meaning of needles work towards improving access, problem solving about proper disposal and do not penalize clients. Operational policies that restrict access to sterile equipment or discourage attendance need to be reconsidered if HIV prevention goals are to be realized.
authors: Health Systems Research and Consulting Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. carol_strike@camh.net
authors: Carol J
authors: CJ
authors: Strike
authors: Ted
authors: T
authors: Myers
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Millson
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009339:Needles / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000821:virology; D009864:Ontario; D016134:Organizational Policy; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000821:virology