title: The oxygen-substituted palmitic acid analogue, 13-oxypalmitic acid, inhibits Lck localization to lipid rafts and T cell signaling.
abstract: Palmitoylation of cysteines 3 and 5 is necessary for targeting Lck to lipid rafts and is needed for Lck function in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Point mutations of cysteines 3 and 5 result in a form of Lck that fails to associate with the plasma membrane, which limits the usefulness of this genetic approach to address the role of palmitoylation in the distribution of Lck within the plasma membrane. To circumvent this problem, we sought to identify a palmitic acid analogue that would enable plasma membrane association of Lck, but not facilitate its localization within lipid rafts. Here we examined the effects of the heteroatom-substituted analogue of palmitic acid, 13-oxypalmitic acid (13-OP), on Lck subcellular localization and function. 13-OP is similar in chain length to palmitic acid, but possesses reduced hydrophobicity. We found that treatment of cells with 13-OP inhibited incorporation of omega-[(125)I]iodopalmitate into Lck. 13-OP inhibited localization of Lck to lipid rafts without altering its membrane localization. Consistent with the dissociation of Lck from rafts, treatment with 13-OP abolished Lck association with the GPI-anchored protein, CD48, but not the transmembrane glycoprotein CD4. Jurkat T cells treated with 13-OP showed marked reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase upon TCR stimulation. In conclusion, the less hydrophobic analogue of palmitate, 13-OP, alters the normal acylation of Lck that provides Lck with the necessary hydrophobicity and tight packing order required for inclusion in lipid rafts.
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors: Ibrahim Y
authors: IY
authors: Hawash
authors: X Eric
authors: XE
authors: Hu
authors: Adiam
authors: A
authors: Adal
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Cassady
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Geahlen
authors: Marietta L
authors: ML
authors: Harrison
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000737:chemistry; D000071178:CD48 Antigen; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019169:Jurkat Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D000071178:CD48 Antigen; C000604065:CD48 protein, human; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)