Effects of pharmacologic antagonists of epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K and MEK signal kinases on NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and IL-8 and VEGF expression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines.
We previously reported that expression of angiogenesis factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is promoted by coactivation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) by interleukin-1alpha in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist incompletely blocked reporter gene activity and cytokine expression, suggesting that other upstream signals may contribute to activation. Overexpression and autocrine activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is detected in 90% of HNSCC, and EGFR inhibitors have been reported to inhibit IL-8 and VEGF expression, but the intermediary signal pathways and transcription factors by which EGFR modulates proangiogenic factors is unknown. EGFR can activate the phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathways, which can potentially modulate activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1, respectively. In our study, we examined the effect of EGF and antagonists of EGFR, PI3K and MEK on NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and IL-8 and VEGF expression in HNSCC cell lines UM-SCC-9 and 11B in which EGFR is overexpressed and activated. Recombinant EGF induced EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 reporter genes and IL-8 and VEGF expression, indicating that EGFR can mediate coactivation of both transcription factors and cytokine genes in HNSCC. EGFR antagonist PD153035 and anti-EGFR antibody C225 completely inhibited EGF-induced reporter activity and cytokine expression, but only partially inhibited constitutive activity. MEK inhibitor U0126 preferentially blocked AP-1 activity and expression of both IL-8 and VEGF, while PI3K inhibitor LY-294002 or a dominant negative inhibitor-kappaB preferentially blocked NF-kappaB activation and expression of IL-8 but not VEGF. EGFR, PI3K and MEK antagonists inhibited growth of HNSCC. We conclude that antagonists of EGFR, PI3K and MEK signal pathways have inhibitory activity against EGFR-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, IL-8 and VEGF expression and growth by HNSCC. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bancroft
Caren C
CC
Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chen
Zhong
Z
Yeh
Jason
J
Sunwoo
John B
JB
Yeh
Ning T
NT
Jackson
Sadhana
S
Jackson
Chad
C
Van Waes
Carter
C
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008156:Luciferases; D008222:Lymphokines; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human