title: Childhood pneumonia: clinical aspects associated with hospitalization or death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which available information at an Emergency Room (ER) consultation is associated with hospitalization or death among children with pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ER of one university and one private hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using stepwise logistic regression we analyzed factors that showed a univariate association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,970 cases, the median age was 1.83 years (range 2 days to 14.5 yrs, mean 2.76 +/- 2.72 yrs); 25.8% were hospitalized and 0.8% died. Age (2-11 mos, OR 0.4 [0.2-0.6]; 12-59 mos, OR 0.2 [0.1-0.4]; > or = 5 yrs, OR 0.1 [0.08-0.3]), malnutrition (OR 2.0 [1.4-2.7]), underlying chronic illness (OR 1.4 [1.1-1.8]), tachypnea (OR 1.8 [1.4-2.4]), chest indrawing (OR 1.7 [1.4-2.2]), and somnolence (OR 1.8 [1.4-2.4]) were associated with hospitalization and age (2-11 mos, OR 0.3 [0.08-0.8]; > or = 12 mos, OR 0.06 [0.02-0.2]), malnutrition (OR 3.1 [1.2-7.7]) and underlying chronic illness (OR 4.3 [1.6-11.0]) were associated with death in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several clinical aspects may be used in assessing need for hospitalization (i.e. young age, malnutrition, underlying chronic illness, tachypnea, chest indrawing and somnolence) for children with pneumonia seen at the ER. Individual intrinsic factors such as age, malnutrition and underlying chronic illness were independently associated with death. Pneumonia should be considered a treatable disease and complete recovery can be achieved in the majority of the cases.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Professor Hosannah de Oliveira Pediatric Center, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. nascimentocarvalho@hotmail.com
authors: Cristiana M C
authors: CM
authors: Nascimento-Carvalho
authors: Heonir
authors: H
authors: Rocha
authors: Rogério
authors: R
authors: Santos-Jesus
authors: Yehuda
authors: Y
authors: Benguigui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004417:Dyspnea; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep