title: Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament with quadruple hamstring tendon graft: a double fixation method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical reconstruction is indicated for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction for a grade III or IV injury, combined ligament or meniscus injuries, and chronic symptomatic posterior instability. Considerable controversy continues over the choice of graft tissues. Hamstring tendon has been popular in recent years. The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess the outcomes of PCL reconstruction using quadruple hamstring tendon autograft with a double-fixation technique at minimal 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only patients who received PCL reconstruction without combined associated posterolateral injury reconstruction were included in the series. A hamstring tendon graft is composed of a quadruple-stranded semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon 10 cm in length. An arthroscopic technique using a two-incision method and a double-fixation technique were used. Clinical assessments were performed for 30 patients, of which 27 were available for final outcome analysis. Clinical review of patients included the Lysholm knee scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, thigh muscle assessment, and radiographic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the Lysholm knee rating, 89% of the patients demonstrated good or excellent results in the final assessment. In the IKDC rating analyses, 56% of the patients revealed 3- to 5-mm ligament laxity. Four patients (15%) had grade II laxity. For the IKDC final rating, 26% were normal and 55% were nearly normal. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had less than a 10-mm difference in thigh girth between their reconstructed and opposite limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendon autograft appears to produce acceptable results at a minimal 2-year follow-up. The four-stranded hamstring tendon graft is adequate in graft size and associated with minimal harvesting morbidity. The double-fixation method for the graft could provide a rigid fixation. We believe that this technique could afford good ligament function after reconstruction and could be a reasonably acceptable choice for PCL injury.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. afachen@doctor.com
authors: Chih-Hwa
authors: CH
authors: Chen
authors: Wen-Jer
authors: WJ
authors: Chen
authors: Chun-Hsiung
authors: CH
authors: Shih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013710:Tendons / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D016896:Treatment Outcome