title: Specific targeting of tumor vasculature by diphtheria toxin-vascular endothelial growth factor fusion protein reduces angiogenesis and growth of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Tumor vessels abundantly express receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a mediator of neoangiogenesis. The aim of this study was to specifically target and damage the vasculature of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) by fusing VEGF to diphtheria toxin (DT), which inhibits protein synthesis of target cells. DT-VEGF fusion protein was produced in vector pGEX-KG and expressed in E. coli SG12036. Human PaCa cell lines (HPAF-2 and AsPC-1) and human endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to DT-VEGF (10 ng/ml - 10,000 ng/ml). Proliferation was assessed after 3 days. One mm(3) fragments of subcutaneous PaCa donor tumors were implanted into the pancreas of nude mice that received either DT-VEGF (200 microg/kg, every other day) or phosphate-buffered saline intraperitoneally for 14 weeks. Tumor volume, metastatic spread, and animal weight were determined at autopsy. Microvessel density was analyzed in CD31-stained tumor sections. Proliferation of PaCa cells was inhibited at high concentrations of DT-VEGF (>1000 ng/ml). DT-VEGF decreased the growth of HUVEC at 10 ng/ml. In vivo, DT-VEGF reduced tumor volume (HPAF-2, 76%; AsPC-1, 53%), microvessel density (HPAF-2, 54%; AsPC-1, 62%), and tumor spread (HPAF-2, 89%; AsPC-1, 50%). Survival was increased (HPAF-2, 7/8 vs. 4/8 animals; AsPC-1, 6/8 vs. 1/8 animals). Weight was not influenced by DT-VEGF. The DT-VEGF effect is due to its toxic action on the tumor vasculature rather than to direct inhibition of PaCa cell growth. DT-VEGF therapy was not associated with systemic side effects.
authors: Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. hhotz@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors: Hubert G
authors: HG
authors: Hotz
authors: Parkash S
authors: PS
authors: Gill
authors: Rizwan
authors: R
authors: Masood
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Hotz
authors: Heinz J
authors: HJ
authors: Buhr
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Foitzik
authors: O Joe
authors: OJ
authors: Hines
authors: Howard A
authors: HA
authors: Reber
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010179:Pancreas / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors