title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: risk factors and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rates, risk factors, and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was conducted at the St Louis Children's Hospital PICU on all patients who were admitted to the PICU from September 1, 1999, to May 31, 2000, except those who died within 24 hours, were > or =18 years of age, or were neonatal intensive care unit patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The primary outcome measured was the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were death and hospital and PICU length of stay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 34 episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 30 patients of 911 admissions (3.3%) and 595 (5.1%) mechanically ventilated patients. The mean ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was 11.6/1000 ventilator days. By logistic regression analysis, genetic syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-5.46), reintubation (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.18-6.21), and transport out of the PICU (OR: 8.90; 95% CI: 3.82-20.74) independently predicted ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs at significant rates among mechanically ventilated PICU patients and is associated with processes of care. Additional studies are necessary to develop interventions to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.
authors: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA. elward_a@kids.wustl.edu
authors: Alexis M
authors: AM
authors: Elward
authors: David K
authors: DK
authors: Warren
authors: Victoria J
authors: VJ
authors: Fraser
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects*