title: Screening for cobalamin deficiency in geriatric outpatients: prevalence and influence of synthetic cobalamin intake.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency in older adult outpatients and to determine whether regular intake of a synthetic source of cobalamin confers protection against Cbl deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university-affiliated geriatric medicine outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred fifteen older adults (age range 65-100) without a history of previously diagnosed or treated Cbl deficiency, severe anemia, or a life-threatening illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed information on total synthetic Cbl intake (from vitamins, fortified cereal, and supplemental nutritional formula sources) and laboratory measures of serum Cbl, metabolite panel (serum methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, cystathionine, and 2-methylcitric acid), complete blood count, and serum creatinine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cbl deficiency (serum Cbl < or =300 pg/mL and methylmalonic acid (MMA)>271 nmol/L) was found in 13% of screened patients. Forty-six percent of screened patients reported regularly taking a source of synthetic Cbl. Serum Cbl correlated with synthetic Cbl intake, and patients regularly taking synthetic Cbl were significantly less likely to be Cbl deficient than persons not taking supplemental Cbl (8% vs 17%, P =.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular use of a multivitamin/synthetic Cbl source confers some degree of protection against Cbl deficiency in older adults. The relatively high prevalence rates and benefit of synthetic Cbl intake in this study reinforce recommendations that older adults should be screened for Cbl deficiency and should incorporate synthetic sources of Cbl as part of a balanced diet. Appropriate screening intervals and the optimal dose of supplemental Cbl to prevent Cbl deficiency remains to be determined.
authors: Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors: Suparna
authors: S
authors: Rajan
authors: Jeffrey I
authors: JI
authors: Wallace
authors: Shirley A A
authors: SA
authors: Beresford
authors: Kayla I
authors: KI
authors: Brodkin
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Allen
authors: Sally P
authors: SP
authors: Stabler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008764:Methylmalonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D008764:Methylmalonic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12