title: Exercise training reduces the acute inflammatory response associated with claudication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  recent research has shown that episodes of claudication may be associated with a systemic inflammatory response that causes injury to the vascular endothelium. As claudicants are often directed to undertake regular walking exercises there has been a concern that this may accelerate endothelial injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  the aim of our study was to assess the baseline markers of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in claudicants and controls after acute treadmill exercise and to then examine the effect of a 3 month supervised exercise-training programme, on these markers, in the claudicant group.
  
  
  METHODS
  forty-six claudicants and 22 age-matched controls undertook acute treadmill exercise. Neutrophil activation, degranulation, free radical damage and antioxidants were measured (by flow cytometry, ELISA, and chemiluminescence) at rest and at 5, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Claudicants were then recruited into an intensive 3 month supervised exercise programme (SEP) after which the same parameters of IRI were reassessed at different time points, at 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  resting markers of IRI were similar in both groups. Exercise had no effect on the control group. Immediately after exercise, claudicants developed significant neutrophil activation and degranulation with free radical damage. This effect decreased sequentially after 3 months of exercise training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  this study for the first time demonstrates that the exercise training of claudicants is beneficial, not only in terms of improving their walking distance, but also by decreasing the injurious effects of IRI that occur during claudication. Exercise training should be an essential part of the medical management of the majority of claudicants.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, St James's University Hospital, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK.
authors: E P L
authors: EP
authors: Turton
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Coughlin
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Kester
authors: D J A
authors: DJ
authors: Scott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase