title: Elastase from activated human neutrophils activates procarboxypeptidase R.
abstract: Carboxypeptidase R (EC 3.4.17.20; CPR) is an unstable basic carboxypeptidase found in fresh serum in addition to carboxypeptidase N (CPN) which is a stable enzyme. CPR in fresh serum is generated from its zymogen (proCPR) during coagulation by trypsin-like enzymes such as thrombin and thrombin/thrombomodulin complexes. Since removal of the C-terminal arginine abrogates the anaphylatoxin activity of C3a and C5a, CPR and CPN are regarded as anaphylatoxin inactivators. We report here that the culture supernatant of activated human neutrophils converts proCPR to CPR. Addition of an elastase specific inhibitor, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethyl ketone (MSAAPVCK) to the supernatant of stimulated neutrophils completely inhibited activation of proCPR. On the other hand, a thrombin specific inhibitor, p-Nitrophenyl-p'-amidinophenyl-methanesulfonate hydrochloride (pNP-pAPMS) inhibited only 16% of proCPR activation by the neutrophil supernatant. Furthermore, purified elastase converted proCPR to CPR. Therefore, elastase can activate proCPR directly, or indirectly through activation of some proteases, which have been contaminating in reagents. Release of CPR generating enzymes from neutrophils should play an important role in regulation of excess inflammation.
authors: Department of Biodefense, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kawamura
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Okada
authors: Hidechika
authors: H
authors: Okada
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D003470:Culture Media; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C026704:methoxysuccinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valine chloromethyl ketone; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D013917:Thrombin