title: Short-course preoperative radiation therapy for operable rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Short course neoadjuvant radiation has been shown to provide improved local control of rectal cancer in a clinical trial population even in the presence of standardized surgical techniques. However, this use of hypofractionated radiotherapy has been limited in North America owing to concerns over toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients considered to have locally advanced rectal carcinoma received a radiation dose of 25 Gy given in five fractions to the posterior pelvis. Definitive surgery was then performed within 2 weeks. Retrospective analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three patients, of whom 60 were assessable, were treated with preoperative short course radiotherapy at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between 1991 and 1998, and 97% proceeded to R0 resection. Local recurrence developed in 3 patients (5%). Five-year actuarial overall and relapse-free survival rates for the group were 71% and 69%, respectively. The actuarial rates of relapse-free survival by stage at 5 years were stage 1 83%, stage II 75%, stage III 62%, and stage 4 0%. Eleven patients (18%) experienced a postoperative complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short course preoperative radiotherapy for operable rectal cancer can be delivered to a general population and produce high pelvic control rates with acceptable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 W. 10 Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E6.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tankel
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacFarlane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors