title: Is there an association between release of protein S100B during cardiopulmonary bypass and memory disturbances?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of protein S100B as a marker of brain cell injury in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has recently been questioned. The present study investigates functional brain injury based on the relation between S100B and memory disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and fifteen low-risk coronary artery bypass patients exposed to CPB were examined. The protein S100B was sampled during and after surgery. Explicit and implicit memory function was assessed preoperatively and at discharge from hospital. Possible associations between the release of the protein S100B and memory function were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum concentration of S100B peaked at termination of CPB (0.895 +/- 0.84 microg/l) and decreased gradually; 7 h post CPB (0.436 +/- 0.59 microg/l), day 1 (0.149 +/- 0.27 microg/l) and day 2 (0.043 +/- 0.15 microg/l). High levels of S100B (>1.5 microg/l) 7 h post CPB were associated with a significant (-1 SD) decline of explicit memory function (p = 0.006); this was not seen at termination of CPB (p = 0.834). Predictors of memory decline were S100B 7 h post CPB, length of stay in hospital and concomitant neurological disorders. Postoperative S100B concentration was higher among patients with atrial fibrillation (p = 0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only high levels of protein S100B found 7 h post CPB were associated with decline of explicit memory function, not the release seen during CPB. Thus, when using protein S100B, only values several hours remote from surgery should be used as a brain cell injury marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical & Perioperative Science, University of Umeå, Sweden. staffan.svenmarker.us@vll.se
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svenmarker
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Torkel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human