title: Effect of non-nicotinic moist snuff replacement and lobeline on withdrawal symptoms during 48-h smokeless tobacco deprivation.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of two herbal components (BACCOFF and DIPSTOP) of a commercially available smokeless tobacco treatment program for reducing subjective withdrawal symptoms during deprivation. One component, BACCOFF, is a non-nicotinic chew. The second component, DIPSTOP, is a liquid containing the alkaloid lobeline, which to some extent mimics peripheral nicotinic effects. All participants (N = 22 males) were placed in four conditions: BACCOFF + DIPSTOP, BACCOFF + placebo control, DIPSTOP, and placebo control only. The conditions involved 48 h of deprivation, and subjects were exposed to one condition per week for 4 weeks. Withdrawal measures were taken at baseline, 24 h, and 48 h of deprivation. Individuals were randomly assigned, and conditions were counterbalanced. Results showed that BACCOFF, as compared with DIPSTOP, significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms but not craving. These data suggest that behavioral/sensory substitutes' influence on withdrawal might be routed through the product's ability to approximate the preferred moist snuff.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7137, USA. dmccharg@uic.edu
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McChargue
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008120:Lobeline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D008120:Lobeline