title: A cohort study of dietary carotenoids and lung cancer risk in women (Canada).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and lung cancer risk in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-cohort study was undertaken in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study dietary cohort, which consists of 56,837 women who completed a self-administered dietary questionnaire. The cohort was recruited between 1980 and 1985, and during follow-up to the end of 1993 a total of 196 cohort members were diagnosed with incident lung cancer. For analysis, a subcohort consisting of a random sample of 5681 women was selected from the full dietary cohort. After exclusions for various reasons, the analyses were based on 155 cases and 5,361 non-cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to those in the lowest quartile level of intake, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those in the highest quartile levels of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein intake were 0.90 (0.51-1.58). 1.40 (0.76-2.59), 0.66 (0.33-1.32), 1.04 (0.61-1.76), and 1.26 (0.70-2.24), respectively; none of the associated tests for trend was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there is no association between dietary carotenoid intake and lung cancer risk. at least for the range of intakes observed here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. rohan@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Geoffrey R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids