Enhancing their likelihood for a positive future: focus groups reveal the voice of inner-city youth.
OBJECTIVE
To learn directly from adolescents living in a challenging environment what they believe would most influence their likelihood of achieving a positive future.


METHODS
A teen-centered methodology used focus groups, nominal group technique sessions, and a survey to allow adolescents to develop, prioritize, and explain their own solutions. AmeriCorps workers guided in-school 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-graders in north Philadelphia through a 4-stage hierarchical process. This article reports the qualitative explanations offered by adolescents in Stage 4 explanatory focus groups. In these 10 groups, 91 youth added meaning and context to the ideas their fellow students generated and prioritized. Transcriptions were reviewed for consistent themes. Direct quotations representative of those themes are offered here.


RESULTS
Students in all grades gave highest priority to solutions that would promote educational or job opportunities. Solutions that would ameliorate disruptive surroundings or reduce risk behaviors were generally rated lower. Focus group participants agreed that education, improved employment opportunities, connection with adults, and meaningful uses of their time were the keys to positive change. They also expressed how a risky environment impacted on their chances for success and offered strategies for reducing their risks. They discussed how positive forces might counter the draw of the streets. Although most adolescents remained optimistic, some viewed problems in their neighborhood as intractable.


CONCLUSIONS
An individual's ability to draw from protective resources while avoiding the challenges inherent to a risky environment may determine his/her ability to succeed. Youth have clear ideas about how they can best be supported to succeed. Adults should consider and incorporate their wisdom as they plan strategies to develop productive young adults.
Ginsburg
Kenneth R
KR
Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Alexander
Penny M
PM
Hunt
Jean
J
Sullivan
Maisha
M
Cnaan
Avital
A
D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D003415:Crime / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003617:Dangerous Behavior; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004779:Environment Design / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011204:Poverty Areas; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D014505:Urban Population