title: Donepezil for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the safety and efficacy of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double blind, randomised and placebo controlled, crossover study in which 14 patients with PD and cognitive impairment received donepezil (5 or 10 mg per day) or matching placebo during two sequential periods lasting 10 weeks each. The primary outcome measures were the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, the clinician's interview based impression of change plus caregiver input (CIBIC+) score, and the motor subscale of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients on donepezil (14%) dropped out after one and four weeks of the first treatment period because of peripheral cholinergic side effects, otherwise the adverse effects were few and not severe. Carryover or residual effects were not observed. Parkinsonism did not increase during donepezil treatment. After 10 weeks of treatment, the mean MMSE score was increased by 2.1(SD 2.7) points on donepezil and 0.3 (SD 3.2) points on placebo, and the CIBIC+ score was 3.3 (SD 0.9) on donepezil and 4.1 (SD 0.8) on placebo. Statistical analysis of the repeated measurements and crossover study design showed significant effects of donepezil compared with placebo for MMSE (p=0.013) and CIBIC+ (p=0.034). Five (42%) patients on donepezil and two (17%) on placebo were rated as improved on the basis of the CIBIC+ score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Donepezil improves cognition, and seems to be well tolerated and not to worsen parkinsonism in patients with cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway. aarsland@netpower.no
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laake
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janvin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000077265:Donepezil; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil