title: 24 h rhythm of blood pressure and forearm peripheral resistance in normotensive and hypertensive subjects confined to bed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define whether a diurnal rhythm of peripheral resistance exists in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, has any relationship with that of blood pressure and differs in dipper and non-dipper hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three subjects (13 normotensives and 30 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives) confined for 24 h to bed were included. Blood pressure was recorded for 22 h at 15 min intervals, plethysmographic forearm flow was simultaneously measured and forearm resistance calculated. The analysis was performed for the whole 22 h period and for three 4 h truncated periods, two of certain wakefulness and one of certain sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A circadian rhythm of forearm resistance was shown in the normotensives, paralleling that of blood pressure. All the normotensives were dippers, with a nocturnal blood pressure dip (systolic/diastolic) of -4.5/-6.0%. In the hypertensives, the day/night blood pressure trends were not homogeneous: 21 showed higher blood pressure values during waking time, with a trend quite similar to that of the normotensives, whereas the other nine were non-dippers. Resistance was lower during sleep than during waking both in the normotensives and in the dipper hypertensives, whereas in the non-dippers it was higher during sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sleep/waking rhythm of peripheral resistance with the highest values during daytime and the lowest during night-time does exist in normotensive as well as in the majority of hypertensive subjects resting continuously in bed, and therefore is largely independent of physical activity. Only in a minority of hypertensive patients are higher values of peripheral resistance present during sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casiglia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palatini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colangeli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginocchio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Menza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onesto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pegoraro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biasin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canali
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pessina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001513:Beds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*