title: Vascular soft-tissue tumors in infancy: distinguishing features on Doppler sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the sonographic appearance and vascularization of three types of vascular tumors, including hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and infantile myofibromatosis, and we determine whether vessel density and peak systolic shift can distinguish these tumors from angiomas and differentiate between the subtypes of these three entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 16 infants with vascular tumors, other than hemangiomas, who were to undergo biopsy. We used gray-scale sonography to identify calcifications, to evaluate the borders of the lesions to determine whether they were poorly defined or well defined, and to determine the echogenicity relative to the surrounding soft tissue. Doppler sonography served to determine the number of vessels per square centimeter and the peak arterial Doppler shift. Sonographic findings were compared with the final diagnoses established by biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final diagnoses included five hemangioendotheliomas, six tufted angiomas, and five infantile myofibromatoses. Hemangioendotheliomas and tufted angiomas were ill defined compared with infantile myofibromatoses that were well defined. Only one vascular tumor, a hemangioendothelioma, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of hemangioma. Tufted angiomas and infantile myofibromatoses were the least vascularized, with the lowest vessel density (zero to two vessels per square centimeter) and a relatively low systolic Doppler shift (0.7-1.0 kHz).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vascular tumors-hemangioendotheliomas, tufted angiomas, and infantile myofibromatoses-were distinguishable from hemangiomas on Doppler sonography in all cases except one hemangioendothelioma. Unlike hemangiomas, these lesions should be investigated by biopsy or excision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Hôpital Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5 Canada.
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garel
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*