title: Abnormalities of the corpus callosum in first episode, treatment naive schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural alterations in the association cortices as well as in the corpus callosum (CC) have been described in schizophrenia, and have been considered to reflect developmental abnormalities. Areas of primary and association cortices have been topographically mapped in the CC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether, in schizophrenia, there are alterations in CC subdivisions that connect association, but not primary, cortices, and also to see if the normative, developmentally mediated increase in CC size with age is absent in this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans of 31 first episode, neuroleptic naive, schizophrenic patients, 12 non-schizophrenic, psychotic patients, and 31 healthy controls were compared. The total area of CC as well as that of anterior, middle and posterior genu, body, isthmus, and anterior, middle, and posterior splenii were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia as a group had a smaller CC, anterior genu, anterior body, isthmus, and anterior splenium than normal controls. Furthermore, the age related increase in CC size seen in normal subjects was absent in the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed reductions in size in selected regions of CC suggest a reduction in axonal connections between the heteromodal association cortices, which typically involve small diameter fibres. Furthermore, the absence of an age related increase in CC size in patients with schizophrenia suggests a neurodevelopmental abnormality that may extend into adolescence and early adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. keshavanms@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Diwadkar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harenski
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pettegrew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*