title: Psychiatric disorders and coronary heart disease in women -- a still neglected topic: review of the literature from 1971 to 2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in women aged over 40 years in the United States, for whom it conveys a worse prognosis than for men. Recently, psychosocial factors have been understood to represent significant risk factors for developing CHD, as well as having a worse outcome with established CHD. However, these factors are often overlooked, in particular comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms. To summarize the current knowledge in this interdisciplinary field, the authors conducted a review of CHD in women, taking into account psychosocial aspects, in particular psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline searches using the keywords 'psychiatric disorder' and 'coronary heart disease' and 'women', and 'psychiatric disorder' and 'cardiac disease' and 'women', were performed, covering the time span from the beginning of the Medline database until January 1, 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quoted items included depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, mitral valve prolapse, chest pain, anorexia nervosa, menopause, alcohol abuse, cocaine use, sleep disorder, sexual dysfunction, hostility and type A behavior, as well as other psychosocial aspects. There is accumulating evidence of significant associations between psychosocial factors, in particular psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms, and the development and recurrence of CHD in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  However, in summary, the topic still seems to be neglected. Future research into psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms and CHD in women is strongly required, and the focus on women exclusively is underlined.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Medicine Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. bbankier@partners.org
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bankier
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Littman
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health