title: Kyphosis in a Turner syndrome population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of kyphosis in a Turner syndrome (TS) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standing lateral thoracic spine and standing anterior-posterior (A-P) scoliosis radiographs were obtained on all girls with TS between the ages of 5 and 18 years seen in a TS clinic between July 2000 and March 2001. Medical histories were reviewed, and a pediatric orthopedic surgeon evaluated the radiographs of each patient (N = 25). Excessive kyphosis was defined as an A-P curvature >40 degrees, vertebral wedging as any A-P deformity >5 degrees at an individual vertebral body, and scoliosis as a lateral curvature >10 degrees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen (60%) of 25 patients were found to have abnormal radiographic findings: 10 (40%) of 25 with excessive kyphosis, 10 (40%) of 25 with vertebral wedging, and 5 (20%) of 25 with scoliosis. Forty-eight percent of the girls had both excessive kyphosis and/or vertebral body wedging. Two girls had kyphosis > or =55 degrees, and 5 had scoliosis > or =25 degrees. Girls with excessive kyphosis and/or vertebral body wedging were older (13.6 +/- 3.9 years vs 10.6 +/- 2.8 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of excessive kyphosis and vertebral body wedging seems to be increased in girls with TS and corresponds with advancing age. Routine radiologic surveillance may facilitate detection of developing deformities so that treatment with a brace can be considered to prevent or slow the process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Mary Gwyn
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Marsha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012544:Scheuermann Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*