title: Myocardial fibrosis in transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) transgenic mice is associated with inhibition of interstitial collagenase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TGF-beta(1) mediates effects on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in the myocardium. The extracellular matrix remodeling depends on the fibrillar collagen degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). The in vivo effects of TGF-beta(1) on the MMP/TIMP system in TGF-beta(1) overexpressing transgenic mice were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Alb/TGF-beta(1)(cys(223,225)ser) transgenic mice (TG) and nontransgenic controls (C; 8 weeks) were examined. Protein expression of collagen type I, -III, interstitial collagenase (Int Coll), MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -2, -4 and TGF-beta(1) as well as enzyme activity (MMP-2, -9) were measured (Western blots, zymographic assays). mRNA expression of the interstitial collagenase and MMP-9 was studied with the Light-Cycler based real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of TGF-beta(1) resulted in a 10-fold increase in plasma and a seven-fold increase in myocardial TGF-beta(1) concentrations. Relative heart weights increased (mg g(-1): 7.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.6, n = 6; P < 0.01) in TG compared to C. Collagen type I and III increased in TG (1.9-fold and 1.7-fold) compared to controls. Interstitial collagenase protein activity (- 91%) and mRNA expression (-75%) in TG were reduced (P < 0.05-P < 0.001). Gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9) expression and activity were not significantly alterated. MMP-inhibitors were increased 2.5-fold (TIMP-1, -4) and 6-fold (TIMP-2) in TG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-beta(1) produces myocardial fibrosis in vivo. This effect is not only produced by a stimulation of matrix protein formation: a complex regulation of MMP and TIMP interaction, namely decrease of expression and activity of interstitial collagenase and an enhanced inhibition by increased levels of TIMPs, are involved. These mechanisms are optional targets for therapeutic interventions in myocardial diseases.
authors.affiliation: der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seeland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haeuseler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pfitzner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scharffetter-Kochanek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen; D017364:Collagenases