title: Antibacterial activity of restorative dental biomaterials in vitro.
abstract: This study investigated the antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans of a fine-hybrid resin composite (FH-RC; Tetric ceram), an ion-releasing resin composite (Ariston pHc), a self-curing glass ionomer cement (SC-GIC; Ketac-Molar), a resin-modified GIC (RM-GIC; Photac-Fil), and a zinc oxide eugenol cement (ZOE; IRM). In a novel assay, bacterial suspensions were placed into narrow 20-microl conical cavities within the materials. After 0, 4, 8, 24, 48 h and 1 week of incubation, the suspensions were removed from the restoratives and the numbers of viable bacteria were determined. After incubation periods of 8 h or more, all restorative materials except the FH-RC showed significant growth inhibition when compared with controls. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed with ZOE. The inhibitory effect of Ariston pHc was similar to that of the SC-GIC and the RM-GIC. In the second assay, growth inhibition was evaluated in liquid cultures by incubating eluates of the materials with suspensions of S. mutans. Bacterial growth was determined up to 6 h by measuring absorption at 600 nm. The most marked inhibitory effect was again observed with ZOE. The SC-GIC caused a significant inhibition at all time intervals but the FH-RC, the RM-GIC and Ariston pHc exhibited no significant antibacterial effects. It is recommended to employ more than one method for assessing the antibacterial potential of restorative materials. Long-term clinical trials are necessary to determine whether the antimicrobial effects of dental materials are able to reduce the risk of secondary caries formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boeckh
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podbielski
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C409382:Ariston pHc; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C081144:Photac-Fil; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C121818:Tetric ceram; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C110712:ketac-molar