title: Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cats with congestive heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are increased in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 adult cats with CHF and cardiomyopathy and 9 healthy control cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha were measured in cats with CHF and cardiomyopathy. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was measured by quantifying cytotoxic effects of TNF-alpha on L929 murine fibrosarcoma cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of TNF-alpha were increased (0.13 to 3.6 U/ml) in 10 of 26 cats with CHF but were undetectable in the other 16 cats with CHF and all control cats. In 20 of 26 cats with CHF right-sided heart failure (RHF) was evident; TNF-alpha concentrations were increased in 9 of these 20 cats. The remaining 6 cats had left-sided heart failure (LHF); TNF-alpha concentrations were increased in only 1 of these cats. Age of cats with LHF (mean +/- SD, 12.1+/-6.2 years) was not significantly different from age of the cohort with RHF (10.5+/-5.2 years). Body weight of cats with increased TNFalpha concentrations (5.4+/-1.8 kg) was not significantly different from body weight of cats with CHF that did not have measurable concentrations of TNF-alpha (4.7+/-1.6 kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concentrations of TNF-alpha were increased in many cats with CHF. Cats with RHF were most likely to have increased TNF-alpha concentrations. Increased plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha in cats with CHF may offer insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of heart failure and provide targets for therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery and the Michael E. DeBakey Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002415:Cats; D005260:Female; D005562:Formazans / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C079782:MTT formazan