title: Early elevation of S-100B protein in blood after cardiac surgery is not a predictor of ischemic cerebral injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that early changes in S-100B levels after cardiac surgery are nonspecific and mostly reflect damage to tissues outside the brain rather than ischemic brain damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum levels of S-100B at several times perioperatively in 21 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In addition, we measured levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), creatine kinase (CK), the cardiac isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB), and myoglobin (MB) in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early increases in serum S-100B concentration were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with increases in markers of tissue injury outside the brain: S-100B/CK: r(2)=0.69; S-100B/CK-MB: r(2)=0.64; S-100B/myoglobin: r(2)=0.60; S-100B/NSE: r(2)=0.51; CK/NSE: r(2)=0.60; CK-MB/NSE: r(2)=0.59; and myoglobin/NSE: r(2)=0.54.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that increases in S-100B in the early phase after cardiac surgery are not due to release of S-100B from brain alone but also from tissue outside the brain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology, University of Luebeck, Medical School, Lübeck, Germany. ulrich.missler@ejk.de
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Missler
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nötzold
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dibbelt
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steinmeier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009211:Myoglobin; D009418:S100 Proteins; C110294:S100A1 protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase