title: Connexin 43 enhances the adhesivity and mediates the invasion of malignant glioma cells.
abstract: A hallmark of astrocytic tumors is their infiltrative nature. Although their aggressive and typically widespread dispersal in the adult brain differs fundamentally from that of other brain tumors, little is known about their cellular basis. Astrocytic tumors express the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), and we show here that Cx43 expression induced the morphological transformation of glioma cells into an epithelial phenotype. In a short-term aggregation assay, Cx43 expression was associated with a several-fold increase in the competence of glioma cells to aggregate. Antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of Cx43 restored the connexin-deficient phenotype, as manifested by a dose-dependent reduction in aggregation. Apart from their role in gap junction formation, connexins may therefore be considered a distinct class of membrane proteins with adhesive properties. Moreover, implanted Cx43-expressing glioma cells established functional gap junction channels with host astrocytes and dispersed through a substantially greater volume of brain parenchyma than mock- and mutant Cx43-transfected sister cells. Cx43 expression therefore may modulate not only the adhesion of astrocytes to one another, but the spread of glial tumor cells throughout astrocytic syncytia. These observations widen our concept of the potential interactions between tumor cells and their surroundings and suggest that both connexin proteins and their derived gap junctions are critical determinants of the invasiveness of central gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. jane_lin@nymc.edu.
authors.forename: Jane H C
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cotrina
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arcuino
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Fanshu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hella
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lichtenberg-Frate
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haubrich
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willecke
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Maiken
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nedergaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017630:Connexins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein