title: Involvement with peers: comparisons between young children with and without Down's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been well established that heterogeneous groups of young children with mild intellectual disability are at considerable risk of becoming socially isolated from their peers in school, home and community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched groups of young children with and without Down's syndrome (DS) were compared in terms of the children's involvement with peers, maternal arranging and monitoring of peer play, and maternal beliefs about inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite aetiology-specific expectations for children with DS, no differences were found for a variety of measures of peer involvement focusing on the frequency of contacts and the characteristics of children's peer social networks. Maternal arranging of activities with peers was similarly related to peer involvement for both groups of children. Higher ratings of the benefits of inclusion were obtained from mothers of children with DS, but these maternal beliefs were unrelated to maternal arranging or peer involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental adaptations to the aetiology-specific behavioural patterns of children and the general influence of children's experiences within a developmental framework are discussed in the context of interpreting aetiology-specific findings.
authors.affiliation: Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7920, USA. mjgural@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Guralnick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales