Regional manifestations and control of the immune system.
Although immune responses are generally considered to be systemic, local events such as interaction of complement products with blood vessels and with inflammatory cells play a pivotal role in determining the nature and manifestations of immune responses. This paper will discuss how blood vessel physiology and immunity influence one another to reach homeostasis upon exposure to an infectious agent. We review new insights into the mechanisms by which the microenvironment of tissues protects against microbial invasion yet facilitates migration of leukocytes and 'decides' whether immunity or tolerance ensues and whether, in the face of immunity, protective responses or tissue injury ensues. These 'decisions' are made based on interaction of components of normal tissues such as proteoglycans and injured tissues such as cell-associated cytokines with receptors on immune cells and blood vessels.
Saadi
Soheyla
S
Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Wrenshall
Lucile E
LE
Platt
Jeffey L
JL
D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D003165:Complement System Proteins