title: Antitumour and anticarcinogenic activity of Phyllanthus amarus extract.
abstract: Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) treatment exhibited potent anticarcinogenic activity against 20-methylcholanthrene (20-MC) induced sarcoma development and increased the survival of tumour harboring mice. The extract administration (p.o) was also found to prolong the life span of Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice and reduced the volume of transplanted solid tumours. The extract inhibited aniline hydroxylase, a P-450 enzyme. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC(50)) was found to be 540 microg/ml. The extract was found to inhibit DNA topoisomerase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cell cultures and inhibited cell cycle regulatory enzyme cdc25 tyrosine phosphatase (IC(50-25) microg/ml). Antitumour and anticancer activity of P. amarus may be related with the inhibition of metabolic activation of carcinogen as well as the inhibition of cell cycle regulators and DNA repair.
authors.affiliation: Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, 680-553, India.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Rajeshkumar
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuttan
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ramsewak
authors.forename: Muraleedharan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ramadasan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuttan
mesh_terms: D000815:Aniline Hydroxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D026942:DNA Topoisomerases / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D029803:Phyllanthus; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors; D000815:Aniline Hydroxylase; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases; D026942:DNA Topoisomerases