title: An Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene family encodes essential positive regulators of cytokinesis.
abstract: The signal transduction pathways that control cytokinesis in plants are largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide genetic evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) play a role in the control of plant cell division. Using a reverse-genetic approach, we isolated plants carrying knockout alleles of the Arabidopsis MAPKKK genes ANP1, ANP2, and ANP3. The resulting single-mutant plants displayed no obvious abnormal phenotypes; two of the three double-mutant combinations displayed defects in cell division and growth; and the triple-mutant combination was not transmitted through either male or female gametes. The molecular and structural phenotypes displayed by the double mutants support a model in which the ANP family of MAPKKKs positively regulates cell division and growth and may negatively regulate stress responses.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. fpat@biotech.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Krysan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jester
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gottwald
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D060406:Brassinosteroids; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics*; D002777:Cholestanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D060406:Brassinosteroids; D002777:Cholestanols; D003583:Cytokinins; D005030:Ethylenes; D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C036216:ethylene; C108211:ANP1 kinase; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C023623:brassinolide