title: Adenovirus encoding vascular endothelial growth factor-D induces tissue-specific vascular patterns in vivo.
abstract: The capacity of an adenovirus encoding the mature form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D, VEGF-D Delta N Delta C, to induce angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, or both was analyzed in 2 distinct in vivo models. We first demonstrated in vitro that VEGF-D Delta N Delta C encoded by the adenovirus (Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C) is capable of inducing endothelial cell proliferation and migration and that the latter response is primarily mediated by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Second, we characterized a new in vivo model for assessing experimental angiogenesis, the rat cremaster muscle, which permits live videomicroscopy and quantitation of functional blood vessels. In this model, a proangiogenic effect of Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C was evident as early as 5 days after injection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cremaster muscle demonstrated that neovascularization induced by Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C and by Ad-VEGF-A(165) (an adenovirus encoding the 165 isoform of VEGF-A) was composed primarily of laminin and VEGFR-2-positive vessels containing red blood cells, thus indicating a predominantly angiogenic response. In a skin model, Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as indicated by staining with laminin, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, whereas Ad-VEGF-A(165) stimulated the selective growth of blood vessels. These data suggest that the biologic effects of VEGF-D are tissue-specific and dependent on the abundance of blood vessels and lymphatics expressing the receptors for VEGF-D in a given tissue. The capacity of Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C to induce endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis demonstrates that its potential usefulness for the treatment of coronary artery disease, cerebral ischemia, peripheral vascular disease, restenosis, and tissue edema should be tested in preclinical models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cardiology and Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. byzovat@ccf.org
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Byzova
authors.forename: Corey K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Jurek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankau
authors.forename: Juhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Achen
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stacker
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siemionow
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Deitcher
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: DiCorleto
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007797:Laminin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D023421:Models, Animal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D007797:Laminin; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3