title: Blood pressure management in acute stroke: comparison of current guidelines with prescribing patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current recommendations for treating elevated blood pressure (BP) in the acute stroke are based largely on expert opinion and vary with regard to treatment thresholds and choice of antihypertensive agents. In this study we investigate the influence of these recommendations by comparing the management of hypertension in acute stroke at a tertiary care hospital with current guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of patients admitted with acute stroke at The Ottawa Hospital-General Campus over six consecutive months. The use of antihypertensive medications (type, dose, routes of administration, BP recordings) in the first seven days after admission was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transdermal nitroglycerin paste was the most commonly used antihypertensive agent. In contrast to the 15% reduction in BP over 24 hours recommended for lowering BP in hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke, nitroglycerin caused a >15% reduction of BP over the first 24 hours on 60% of the occasions used. Furthermore, despite concerns about sublingual nifedipine, this was the second most commonly prescribed agent. Surprisingly, the mean time to first BP measurement following initiation of antihypertensive therapy was 117 +/- 43 minutes in ischemic stroke and 88 +/- 89 minutes in hemorrhagic strokes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current guidelines for management of acute poststroke hypertension appear to have little influence on prescribing patterns, leading to considerable variations in practice. Such variations, likely due to uncertainty caused by lack of evidence from randomised controlled trials, are intolerable as patients maybe submitted to nonstandardised, potentially harmful care such as inappropriate choice of antihypertensives and inadequate BP monitoring as observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Salmann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanji
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corman
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Douen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin