title: Chiari type III malformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chiari type III is the rarest of the Chiari malformations, and it is usually associated with a dismal prognosis in terms of early death or severe disability in long-term survivors. Surgical treatment usually consists of primary closure of the occipital/cervical encephalocele, followed by delayed CSF shunting for the associated hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our case, we introduced a technical variant consisting in primary external drainage from the malformative sac, followed by closure of the encephalocele and, eventually, by CSF shunting.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy. iclnc@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldarelli
authors.forename: Giancarla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cincu
authors.forename: Concezio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
mesh_terms: D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male