title: Explaining the latitudinal distribution of sunspots with deep meridional flow.
abstract: Sunspots, dark magnetic regions occurring at low latitudes on the Sun's surface, are tracers of the magnetic field generated by the dynamo mechanism. Recent solar dynamo models, which use the helioseismically determined solar rotation, indicate that sunspots should form at high latitudes, contrary to observations. We present a dynamo model with the correct latitudinal distribution of sunspots and demonstrate that this requires a meridional flow of material that penetrates deeper than hitherto believed, into the stable layers below the convection zone. Such a deep material flow may have important implications for turbulent convection and elemental abundance in the Sun and similar stars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. dandy@physics.iisc.ernet.in
authors.forename: Dibyendu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nandy
authors.forename: Arnab Rai
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Choudhuri