title: Bone typology and growth rate: testing and quantifying 'Amprino's rule' in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).
abstract: Periosteal bone histology expresses its rate of deposition. This fundamental relationship between bone structure and growth dynamics, first assumed by Amprino many decades ago, was quantified in preliminary studies, but never statistically tested. Moreover, the precise typological characters of bone tissue linked to growth rate remained poorly known. Here, we present the first statistical analysis of 'Amprino's rule', measured on comprehensive growth series of the mallard, Anas platyrhynchos. Growth rates were assessed by fluorescent labelling. Bone typology was described according to Ricqlès' typological classification. Results show that the presence and proportion of primary osteons, two consequences of bone initial porosity at the time of its deposit, are strongly related to bone growth rate. However, no significant relationship between primary osteons orientation and bone growth rate could be detected, at least for osteonal orientations (longitudinal, laminar and reticular) and growth rates values observed in mallard long bones. These results suggest that Amprino's rule holds for some major typological characters of primary compact bone tissues (i.e. primary osteons presence and proportion). However, it is irrelevant to some other characters (i.e. osteonal orientation), the meaning of which remains to be discovered.
authors.affiliation: ER Formations squelettiques, CNRS UMR 8570 et université Paris-6, 2, place Jussieu, case 7077, 75251 Paris, France. margerie.e.de@club-internet.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Margerie
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cubo
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castanet
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004372:Ducks / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005269:Femur / Q000254:growth & development; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011884:Radius / Q000254:growth & development; D014457:Ulna / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes