title: User charges and utilisation of obstetric services in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
abstract: This cross-sectional study examined user charges on the utilization of obstetric services in the 4 urban clinics and antenatal and postnatal wards of the Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH) in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea. Analysis of previous records showed attendance to antenatal clinics on first visits declined by 30% soon after the introduction of use charges. However, the frequency of attendances increased and stabilized 12 months after the introduction of the user fees. The mean age for the 482 mothers interviewed was 25 years (range = 15-46 years, SD = 5.3). Over 50% of mothers were between 15-24 years of age and 47% over 24 years. 98.6% were married and a small proportion were single and divorcees (1.4%). Over 85% of mothers had some formal education while 15% without. The frequency of hospital deliveries did not change despite increased in user charges in the PMGH delivery and postnatal care services. Twenty four percent of mothers interviewed indicated they were unable to pay user fees. Mothers unable to pay the user charges were those without income or whose spouses were without regular income. In 23.2% of mothers with some income, majority indicated ability to pay the user fees. There was a minority group of mothers without income but relied heavily on their spouses income to meet the user fees. Mothers living in households with some income were twice more likely (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.24-3.83, p = 0.002) to have the ability to pay user fees than those without. Two other significant indicators associated with mother's ability to pay user fees were employment and knowledge of existence of the user charges. Over 79% of mothers indicated willingness to pay user charge fees. Mothers with income were nearly three times more likely (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.36-5.78, p = 0.002) willing to pay user charge fees than those without income. Other indicators that showed significant association with willingness to pay user charge fees were employment, income and knowledge of user charges. Although small proportion of mothers were unable to meet the user charges, results in this study showed majority of mothers were able and willing to pay user charges if they had prior information to the charges and supported by some form of income. The results of the study suggests the typical support practised by the society where the spouse and relatives assist with health care especially with maternal health is encouraging. However, the scope of this study cannot be used to generalise the trend in PNG because the scenerio in the rural areas will vary from urban.
authors.affiliation: NCD Health Services, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sapak
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Purai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005251:Fees, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009774:Obstetrics; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014505:Urban Population