title: Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus).
abstract: Elk (Cervus claphus) are reservoirs for Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. An understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Although gamma delta TCR+ cells represented a high percentage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte pool, these cells responded poorly to PWM stimulation. B cells (i.e., sIgM+ cells), conversely, were responsive to PWM stimulation. Addition of PWM to PBMC cultures also resulted in a significant production of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of NO. Similar to other ruminant species, the majority of elk peripheral blood sIgM+ cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B cell lineage marker that varies in expression during B cell development. Findings from the present study provide basic information on several parameters of cellular immunity of elk.
authors.affiliation: United States, Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA. rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fach
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kreeger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D003670:Deer / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D012016:Reference Values; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase