title: Indomethacin delays gastric restitution: association with the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and tensin phosphorylation and reduced actin stress fibers.
abstract: Repair of superficial gastric mucosal injury is accomplished by the process of restitution-migration of epithelial cells to restore continuity of the mucosal surface. Actin filaments, focal adhesions, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) play crucial roles in cell motility essential for restitution. We studied whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or indomethacin (IND) affect cell migration, actin stress fiber formation, and/or phosphorylation of FAK and tensin in wounded gastric monolayers. Human gastric epithelial monolayers (MKN 28 cells) were wounded and treated with either vehicle or 0.5 mM IND for 16 hr followed by EGF. EGF treatment significantly stimulated cell migration and actin stress fiber formation, and increased FAK localization to focal adhesions, and phosphorylation of FAK and tensin, whereas IND inhibited all these at the baseline and EGF-stimulated conditions. IND-induced inhibition of FAK phosphorylation preceded changes in actin polymerization, indicating that actin depolymerization might be the consequence of decreased FAK activity. In in vivo experiments, rats received either vehicle or IND (5 mg/kg i.g.), and 3 min later, they received water or 5% hypertonic NaCl; gastric mucosa was obtained at 1, 4, and 8 hr after injury. Four and 8 hr after hypertonic injury, FAK phosphorylation was induced in gastric mucosa compared with controls. IND pretreatment significantly delayed epithelial restitution in vivo, and reduced FAK phosphorylation and recruitment to adhesion points, as well as actin stress fiber formation in migrating surface epithelial cells. Our study indicates that FAK, tensin, and actin stress fibers are likely mediators of EGF-stimulated cell migration in wounded human gastric monolayers and potential targets for IND-induced inhibition of restitution.
authors.affiliation: Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA.
authors.forename: Imre L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ehring
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanaka
authors.forename: Andrzej S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tarnawski
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009336:Necrosis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects*; D022502:Stress Fibers / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070876:Tensins; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D000070876:Tensins; C000603372:Tns1 protein, rat; D014443:Tyrosine; D016685:Mitomycin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C496052:Ptk2 protein, rat; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D007213:Indomethacin