title: Primary localized bilateral conjunctival amyloidosis and epiphora.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conjunctival amyloidosis is a rare entity, which can present with epiphora. The management options, including the surgical treatment of this disease, are illustrated with a case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of retrospective and prospective review of a patient's clinical findings, course and treatment outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A middle-aged patient with epiphora due to localized conjunctival amyloidosis is described. The clinical course of the epiphora during a 10-year period revealed a decrease on the initially symptomatic side and involvement of the opposite side despite bilateral progressive lacrimal drainage stenosis. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon is discussed. The progressive conjunctival deposits in this patient eventually required operative debulking through a conjunctival approach. Medial ectropion and punctal stenoses were also simultaneously corrected. The patient became symptom free one week after these operative interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Localized conjunctival amyloidosis is a chronic, slowly progressive disease, which is frequently bilateral. Associated ocular involvement does not seem to be a part of this disease, even with long-term follow-up. The treatment of associated epiphora requires an organized approach to the underlying cause(s). The epiphora may be managed by a staged correction of its pathogenic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pirouzmand
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howarth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies