title: Cerebral malaria in Indian adults: a prospective study of 441 patients from Bikaner, north-west India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As per WHO (1993) the assessment and analysis of local problems and an appropriate epidemiological information system is an essential part of a control programme before embarking any control activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and fourty one (441) adults of strictly defined admitted cerebral malaria patients were studied. Detailed clinical/neurological examination was done at the time of admission, daily thereafter, at the time of regaining consciousness, at the time of discharge and at weekly intervals in those having neurological sequelae. All patients were treated by i.v./oral quinine and specific syndromes were managed according to WHO guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apart from fever and unconsciousness in all the patients, other features were convulsion (21.31%), neck rigidity (19%), psychosis (5.21%), conjugate deviation of eyes (2.26%), extrapyramidal rigidity (2.25%), trismus (1.31%), decorticate rigidity (1.13%) and decerebrate rigidity (0.90%). One hundred forty five (32.87%) patients expired and mortality was highest in pregnant ladies (39.28%). The important neurological sequelae in survivors were psychosis in 15 (5.06%), cerebellar ataxia in 14 (4.72%), hemiplegia in five (1.68%), extrapyramidal rigidity (EPR) in four (1.35%), peripheral neuropathy in three (1.01%), EPR with trismus in one (0.33%) and isolated sixth nerve palsy in one (0.33%) patients and all showed complete recovery in further follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The important observations of this study were stormy presentation, increased incidence of haemoglobinuria and jaundice, presence of neck rigidity, no prognostic relation to fundus abnormalities and high incidence of cerebellar ataxia and psychosis as neurological sequelae in survivors. Knowledge of self-limiting course of neurological sequelae may be helpful in reducing economic strain of expensive investigations and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kochar
authors.lastname: Shubhakaran
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Kumawat
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kochar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halwai
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thanvi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors