title: Generation of Th1 immune responses to inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 in mice with a dominant Th2 biased immune profile via immunostimulatory [correction of imunostimulatory] oligonucleotides--relevance to AIDS vaccines in developing countries.
abstract: Vaccination against HIV-1 of hosts with a dominant Th2 immune profile may fail to induce essential protective Th1 immune responses. By using Schistosoma-infected mice, with a pre-existent Th2 immune background, we demonstrate that oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) immunostimulatory sequences co-administered with inactivated, gp120-depleted HIV-1 viral particles (HIV-1 immunogen) lead to potent Th1 anti-HIV-1 immune responses overcoming the Th2 bias. In contrast, Schistosoma-infected mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant only, induced Th2 anti-HIV-1 immune responses. These findings strongly support the advisability of using CpG ODN as a Th1 inducing adjuvant when immunizing human populations with a strong pre-existent Th2 immune profile.
authors.affiliation: Ruth Ben-Ari Institute of Clinical Immunology & AIDS Center, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayash-Rashkovsky
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diveley
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bentwich
authors.forename: Gadi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borkow
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D003906:Developing Countries; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated