title: Paclitaxel in cancer therapy.
abstract: The last decade witnessed the introduction of exciting new chemotherapeutic agents. Among these, paclitaxel emerged as one of the most powerful compounds. Paclitaxel promotes the polymerisation of tubulin, thereby causing cell death by disrupting the normal microtubule dynamics required for cell division and vital interphase processes. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to paclitaxel include alterations of tubulin structure and the amplification of membrane phosphoglycoproteins that function as drug-efflux pumps. Toxicities associated with paclitaxel include hypersensitivity reaction, neurotoxicity and haematological toxicities. Toxicities may be both dose- and schedule-dependent. Paclitaxel has activity against a broad band of tumour types, including breast, ovarian, lung, head and neck cancers. Paclitaxel also has activity in other malignancies that are refractory to conventional chemotherapy, including previously-treated lymphoma and small cell lung cancers and oesophageal, gastric endometrial, bladder and germ cell tumours. Paclitaxel is also active against AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Mekhait@ccf.org
authors.forename: Tarek M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Maurie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markman
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel