title: [Fiber-optic intubation with non-invasive ventilation with an endoscopic facial mask].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and safety of a new technique of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) tracheal intubation (TI) with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) via an endoscopic full facial mask with two openings, in case of acute respiratory failure (ARF) temporally improved by NIV, but requiring a mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, prospective, open, noncomparative trial of feasibility with direct individual profit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with ARF (age: 60 +/- 17 years, PaO2 = 59 +/- 16 mmHg, PaCO2 = 64 +/- 26 mmHg, PaO2/FIO2 = 142 +/- 70 before NIV) (m +/- SD), requiring TI. Including were: TI necessity (SpO2 < 90% or hypercapnic despite NIV, dependence of NIV, exhaustion, septic syndrome), clinical and SpO2 improvement with NIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  After i.v. injection of 5 mg midazolam and topical anesthesia (TA) of the nose, the endoscopic mask (modified Fibroxy, Péters) was applied to the face, fixed with elastic straps, then connected to the ventilatory support system with IPAP = 20 cmH2O, EPAP = 5 to 12 cmH2O, FIO2 = 1. A tube was slid on the FOB. As soon as SpO2[[[nbsp] 94%, the extremity of the FOB, was inserted through the lower opening of the mask, slid in the nostril, positioned in front of the glottis for AL, then pushed in the trachea authorizing AL and i.v. injection of 0.15 mg.kg-1 of etomidate (Ramsay[[[nbsp]3). The tube was then slid in the trachea, then, FOB was removed from trachea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FOB intubation was easy at the patient's, without any failure or any complication. The procedure was 6.7 +/- 2 min. SpO2 significantly improved during TI, from 84 +/- 5% (FIO2 = 0.6 +/- 3) to 97 +/- 1 (FIO2 = 1 +/- 0), without decrease in oxygen saturation off 90%. Arterial pressure decreased only after the 5th min. The quantities of midazolam and of etomidate used were 4.6 +/- 2 mg and 12 +/- 4 mg. Three patients benefited from EPAP > 10 cmH2O.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fiberoptic tracheal intubation with NIV via an adapted endoscopic facial mask is a safe technique in patient with ARF temporally improved by NIV. This procedure requires TA and conscious sedation.
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation polyvalente, département d'anesthésie-réanimation-urgences, HIA Legouest, BP10, 57998 Metz-Armée, France. daconceicaoM@AOL.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Conceiçao
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Favier
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bidallier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Armanet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Genco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pitti
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen