title: Sonography of the medial and lateral tendons and ligaments of the knee: the use of bony landmarks as an easy method for identification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to describe the use of bony landmarks in the evaluation of the medial and lateral ligaments and tendons of the knee on sonography and to evaluate the value of this approach in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomic slices obtained in cadaveric specimens were inspected for the presence of bony landmarks on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee. Then sonography was performed on 40 knees of 20 healthy volunteers by two musculoskeletal radiologists who independently rated the visualization of bony landmarks and adjacent ligaments and tendons on a 5-point grading scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bony landmarks on the lateral aspect of the knee include Gerdy's tubercle on the tibia and the sulcus for the popliteal tendon on the femur. Landmarks on the medial aspect of the knee include the medial epicondyle on the femur and the sulcus for the semimembranosus tendon on the tibia. Visualization of all landmarks was rated in the good to excellent range, and agreement between observers ranged from 92.5% to 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bony landmarks can be identified in healthy adults on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee and may serve as reference points for identification of most medial and lateral tendons and ligaments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laerbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium 8700.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeseneer
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanderdood
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcelis
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shabana
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osteaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D017888:Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography