title: Sex differences in the human brain's response to hunger and satiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex differences in eating behavior are well documented, but it is not known whether these differences have neuroanatomical correlates. Recent neuroimaging studies have provided functional maps of the human cerebral areas activated in response to hunger and satiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess whether the brain's response to a meal is sex-specific.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using positron emission tomography, we measured regional cerebral blood flow, a marker of neuronal activity, to investigate the functional neuroanatomy of hunger (36-h fast) and satiation (in response to a liquid meal) in 22 women and 22 men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed extensive similarities, as well as some differences, between the sexes. In response to hunger, the men tended to have greater activation in the frontotemporal and paralimbic areas than did the women (P < 0.005). In response to satiation, the women tended to have greater activation in the occipital and parietal sensory association areas and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than did the men (P < 0.005); in contrast, the men tended to have greater activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex than did the women (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite extensive similarities in the brain responses to hunger and satiation between the men and women, our study showed sex-specific brain responses to a meal that indicate possible differences between men and women in the cognitive and emotional processing of hunger and satiation. This study provides a foundation for investigating the brain regions and cognitive processes that distinguish normal and abnormal eating behavior in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, NIDDK, NIH, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. adelpari@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Parigi
authors.forename: Kewei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Arline D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Salbe
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pratley
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravussin
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reiman
authors.forename: P Antonio
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tataranni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed