title: Induction and disappearance of G2 chromatid breaks in lymphocytes after low doses of low-LET gamma-rays and high-LET fast neutrons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by means of the G2 assay the number of chromatid breaks induced by low-LET gamma-rays and high-LET neutrons, and to compare the kinetics of chromatid break rejoining for radiations of different quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The G2 assay was performed on blood samples of four healthy donors who were irradiated with low-LET gamma-rays and high-LET neutrons. In a first set of experiments a dose-response curve for the formation of chromatid breaks was carried out for gamma-rays and neutrons with doses ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 Gy. In a second set of experiments, the kinetics of chromatid break formation and disappearance were investigated after a dose of 0.5 Gy using post-irradiation times ranging between 0.5 and 3.5 h. For the highest dose of 0.5 Gy, the number of isochromatid breaks was also scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the number of chromatid breaks were observed between low-LET gamma-rays and high-LET neutrons for the four donors at any of the doses given. The dose-response curves for the formation of chromatid breaks are linear for both radiation qualities and RBEs = 1 were obtained. Scoring of isochromatid breaks at the highest dose of 0.5 Gy revealed that high-LET neutrons were, however, more effective at inducing isochromatid breaks (RBE = 6.2). The rejoining experiments further showed that the kinetics of disappearance of chromatid breaks following irradiation with low-LET gamma-rays or high-LET neutrons were not significantly different. Half-times of 0.92 h for gamma-rays and 0.84 h for neutrons were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying the G2 assay, the results demonstrate that at low doses of irradiation, the induction as well as the disappearance of chromatid breaks is independent of the LET of the radiation qualities used (0.24 keV x microm(-1) 60Co gamma-rays and 20 keV x microm(-1) fast neutrons). As these radiation qualities produce the same initial number of double-strand breaks, the results support the signal model that proposes that chromatid breaks are the result of an exchange process which is triggered by a single double-strand break.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, L. Pasteurlaan 2, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. anne.vral@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vral
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thierens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baeyens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Ridder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002842:Chromatids / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005214:Fast Neutrons / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016195:G2 Phase; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness