title: Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in amniotic fluid and cord blood in patients with pre-term, premature rupture of the membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in pre-term premature rupture of the membranes (PROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic fluid samples were collected from 10 patients with pre-term PROM (group 1a), 13 patients undergoing genetic amniocentesis (group 2), seven patients with normal vaginal delivery (group 3a), and 11 patients with elective cesarean section (group 4a). Umbilical venous blood was collected from nine cases of pre-term PROM (group 1b), 19 cases of normal delivery (group 3b) and nine cases of elective cesarean section (group 4b).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of IL-6 in the amniotic fluid in group 1a was significantly higher than in group 2 (P<0.001), and that in group 3a was significantly higher than in group 4a (P<0.001). The concentration of IL-1ra in amniotic fluid in group 1a was significantly higher than in group 2 (P<0.001). The concentrations of IL-6 in umbilical venous blood were not significant among the groups. The concentration of IL-1ra in umbilical venous blood in group 1b was significantly higher than in group 3b (P<0.05) and group 4b (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High concentrations of amniotic fluid IL-6 present in pre-term PROM, are indicative of intrauterine inflammation, probably due to sub-clinical infection. The high concentrations of IL-1ra in amniotic fluid and umbilical venous blood suggest the possibility that the presence of this anti-inflammatory cytokine serves to prevent the development of overt inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan. hisanobu@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuzaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins