title: Azelastine is more potent than olopatadine n inhibiting interleukin-6 and tryptase release from human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mast cells are involved in early- and late-phase reactions by releasing vasoactive molecules, proteases, and cytokines. Certain histamine-1 receptor antagonists and other antiallergic drugs seem to inhibit the release of mediators from rat and human mast cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Azelastine and olopatadine are antiallergic agents present in the ophthalmic solutions azelastine hydrochloride (Optivar, Asta Medica/Muro Pharmaceuticals, Tewksbury, MA), and olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanol, Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX), respectively. We investigated the effect of these drugs on interleukin-6 (IL-6), tryptase, and histamine release from cultured human mast cells (CHMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  CHMCs were grown from human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells in the presence of stem cell factor and IL-6 for 14 to 16 weeks. Sensitized CHMCs were pretreated with various concentrations of azelastine or olopatadine for 5 minutes. CHMCs were then challenged with anti-immunoglobulin E, and the released mediators were quantitated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greatest inhibition of mediator release was seen with 24 microM azelastine; this level of inhibition was matched with the use of 133 microM olopatadine. At this concentration, these drugs inhibited IL-6 release by 83% and 74%, tryptase release by 55% and 79%, and histamine release by 41% and 45%, respectively. Activated CHMCs were characterized by numerous filopodia that were inhibited by both drugs as shown by electron microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that azelastine and olopatadine can inhibit CHMCs activation and release of IL-6, tryptase, and histamine. On an equimolar basis, azelastine was a more potent inhibitor than olopatadine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kempuraj
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kristiana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kandere
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Letourneau
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeudy
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.forename: Achilles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
authors.forename: Theoharis C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
mesh_terms: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010793:Phthalazines; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C509223:Tpsab1 protein, rat; C509221:Tpsb2 protein, rat; D053802:Tryptases; C020976:azelastine