title: The effect of a critical pathway on patients' outcomes after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1996, an integrated plan of care was implemented to improve quality of care for patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy. Goals were to reduce length of stay, costs, number of preoperative and intensive care unit admissions, and use of diagnostic procedures yet maintain good outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether use of the integrated plan of care met the goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on financial and process outcomes, use of angiographic diagnostic procedures, and demographics were retrieved from the hospital's database for all patients who had elective carotid endarterectomy without cerebral infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 783 patients met inclusion criteria: 129 before implementation of the plan of care, 66 during the 6-month transition, and 588 after implementation. Preoperative angiography was done in 32% of patients before implementation, 11% during the transition, and 4% after implementation. Percentages of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were 77% before implementation, 24% during transition, and 9% after implementation. Mean lengths of stay were 2.93 days before implementation, 2.12 days during transition, and 1.68 days after implementation. Costs per case were $7798 before implementation, $5750 during transition, and $5387 after implementation. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between groups in total length of stay (P = .001), preoperative length of stay (P<.001), and costs (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the integrated plan of care reduced length of stay, costs, admissions to intensive care units, and use of cerebral angiography. Use of the plan improved resource utilization while maintaining quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Orlando Regional Healthcare System, University of Central Florida School of Nursing, Orlando, Fla, USA.
authors.forename: Daleen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aragon
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Jacqueline F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019091:Critical Pathways / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*