title: Splicing regulation at the second catalytic step by Sex-lethal involves 3' splice site recognition by SPF45.
abstract: The Drosophila protein Sex-lethal (SXL) promotes skipping of exon 3 from its own pre-mRNA. An unusual sequence arrangement of two AG dinucleotides and an intervening polypyrimidine (Py)-tract at the 3' end of intron 2 is important for Sxl autoregulation. Here we show that U2AF interacts with the Py-tract and downstream AG, whereas the spliceosomal protein SPF45 interacts with the upstream AG and activates it for the second catalytic step of the splicing reaction. SPF45 represents a new class of second step factors, and its interaction with SXL blocks splicing at the second step. These results are in contrast with other known mechanisms of splicing regulation, which target early events of spliceosome assembly. A similar role for SPF45 is demonstrated in the activation of a cryptic 3' ss generated by a mutation that causes human beta-thalassemia.
authors.affiliation: Gene Expression Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lallena
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Llamazares
authors.forename: Angus I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lamond
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valcárcel
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002384:Catalysis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005091:Exons; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D022821:RNA Splice Sites / Q000235:genetics*; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072668:Splicing Factor U2AF; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D007301:Insect Hormones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines; C121693:RBM17 protein, human; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D000072668:Splicing Factor U2AF; C067777:Sxl protein, Drosophila; C000607494:U2AF2 protein, human; D005914:Globins