title: Electroregenerable anion-exchange resin with triiodide carbon paste electrode for the voltammetric determination of adrenaline.
abstract: An electroregenerable carbon paste electrode modified with triiodide ions immobilized in an anion-exchange resin (Lewatit M500) is proposed for the determination of adrenaline in pharmaceutical products by differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Adrenaline was chemically converted into adrenochrome by the I3- ions at the electrode surface. The electrochemical reduction back to adrenaline was obtained at a potential of -0.16 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol l(-1) KCl). A 20% decrease of the initial analytical signal was observed after 350-400 determinations; the carbon paste electrode was 100% electroregenerated at a fixed potential of +0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 mol l(-1) KCl) in 0.1 mol l(-1) KI solution for 20 min. The differential-pulse voltammograms were obtained by applying a sweep potential between 0.0 and -0.34 V, following the adrenochrome reduction at -0.16 V. Under the optimum conditions established, such as pH 6.0; scan rate 20 mV s(-1) and pulse amplitude 50 mV, the calibration curve was linear from 2.0 x 10(-5) to 3.1 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) adrenaline with a detection limit of 3.9 x 10(-6) mol l(-1). The recovery of adrenaline ranged from 99.8 to 103.1% and the RSD was 2.6% for the solution containing 1.0 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) adrenaline (n = 10). The results obtained for adrenaline in pharmaceutical samples using the proposed carbon paste electrode are in agreement with those obtained using a pharmacopoeial procedure at the 95% confidence level.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Química, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Omuro
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lupetti
authors.forename: Iolanda Cruz
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Heberth Juliano
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fatibello-Filhoa
mesh_terms: D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000032:analysis*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D004837:Epinephrine