title: Immunosuppression impact on long-term cardiovascular complications after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With current early transplant patient and allograft survivals nearly optimized, long-term medical complications have become a significant focus for potential improvement in patient outcomes. Cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors have been shown in renal transplant patients to be related to the pharmacologic immunosuppression employed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate at 3 years postliver transplant (OLTx) the incidence of hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLIP), diabetes mellitus (DM), nephrotoxicity (NTX), and cardiovascular disease (MI, angioplasty, CHF, CVA, and seborth) as well as rejection in two cohorts of liver transplant recipients who received either tacrolimus (FK-506) or cyclosporine (CSA) and to analyze the consequences of these complications on mortality following transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven sequential patients (CSA: n = 50, mean age 48 years, M/F 32/18; and FK-506: n = 37, mean age 45 years, M/F 22/15) who underwent OLTx between 1994 and 1998, were >/=18 years, and had a minimum of 3 years of complete follow-up were included in the analysis. All OLTx candidates over age 50, who had a history of alcoholic cirrhosis, or had a history of cardiac conditions/events underwent complete cardiac consultation including an echocardiogram with additional cardiac investigation as indicated prior to OLTx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 years following OLTx, the incidence of acute rejection (40% versus 19%, P < 0.05), HTN (62% versus 38%, P < 0.05), HLIP (14% versus 5%, P = 0.08), and cardiovascular disease (18% versus 0%, P < 0.001), were significantly greater for the CSA patients compared with the FK-506 patients. Eight (20%) of the CSA patients who died before 3 years had their death attributed to cardiovascular events versus none in the FK-506 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with CSA, FK-506 was associated with significantly less rejection and a reduced incidence of HTN and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. L590, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA. rabkinj@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corless
authors.forename: Hugo R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Ali J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Olyaei
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus