title: Induction chemoradiation compared with induction radiation for lung cancer involving the superior sulcus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The usual approach of induction radiation therapy (RT) followed by resection of superior sulcus tumors results in many incomplete resections, a high local recurrence rate, and suboptimal survival. Induction chemoradiotherapy (CT/RT) has been shown to reduce local and distant recurrences and improve survival in stage III lung cancer. We investigated the role of induction CT/RT in superior sulcus patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a single-institution, retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1985 to 2000, 35 consecutive patients underwent induction treatment followed by resection of a superior sulcus tumor. All patients had mediastinoscopy first to exclude N2 disease, and all were N0 at final pathologic examination. Twenty patients had induction RT (mean, 39 Gy), and 15 had induction CT/RT (mean, 51 Gy) with concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. There was no treatment mortality. Complete resection was performed in 16 of 20 (80%) of the RT patients and in 14 of 15 (93%) of the CT/RT patients (p = 0.15). The pathologic response from the induction treatment was complete or near complete in 7 of 20 (35%) of the RT patients and in 13 of 15 (87%) of the CT/RT patients (p = 0.001). The median follow-up was 167 months in the RT patients and 51 months in the CT/RT patients. Two-year and 4-year survival was 49% and 49% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 71%) in the RT patients and 93% and 84% (95% confidence interval, 63% to 100%) in the CT/RT patients, respectively (p = 0.01). The local recurrence rate was 6 of 20 (30%) in the RT patients and 0 in the CT/RT patients (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction CT/RT for superior sulcus tumors appears to offer improved survival compared with induction RT alone.
authors.affiliation: General Thoracic Surgical Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. wright.cameron@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Dean M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Hermes C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Noah C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mathisen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin