title: Lidocaine versus ropivacaine for topical anesthesia in cataract surgery(1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the anesthetic efficacy and safety of topical ropivacaine versus topical lidocaine in cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective controlled randomized double-blind study comprised 64 patients scheduled for planned routine cataract extraction. Patients were randomized into 2 groups; 1 received topical ropivacaine 1% and the other, topical lidocaine 4%. The duration of surgery, intraoperative and early postoperative complications, and the need for supplemental intracameral anesthesia were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative subjective pain was quantified by patients using a scale from 1 to 10. An endothelial cell count was performed preoperatively and 2 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2334 cells/mm(2) +/- 496 (SD) to 2016 +/- 674 cells/mm(2) in the ropivacaine group and from 2519 +/- 404 cells/mm(2) to 1847 +/- 607 cells/mm(2) in the lidocaine group. The difference in cell density between groups was not significant before (P =.154) or after surgery (P =.329); however, the difference in mean cell loss between groups was statistically significant (P =.031). The duration of surgery and intraoperative complications were the same in both groups. Four patients in the ropivacaine group and 5 in the lidocaine group required supplemental anesthesia (P >.05). The mean subjective analog pain score was slightly higher in the lidocaine group (P >.05). The day after surgery, 12 eyes in the ropivacaine group and 6 in the lidocaine group had transient corneal edema (P =.150).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical ropivacaine performed at least as well as topical lidocaine in efficacy and safety in cataract surgery. It provided sufficient and long-lasting analgesia without the need for supplemental intracameral anesthesia in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Gian Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campi
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lugli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molinari
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019923:Capsulorhexis; D002452:Cell Count; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine