Hepatotoxicity of antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial agents are a common and important cause of hepatotoxicity. As a class, the antimicrobials contain many and varied structures, leading to a wide clinical spectrum of hepatotoxicity. Minor liver injury, manifest only as liver enzyme elevations, is common with some antimicrobials. Clinically significant injury is unusual but can adopt almost any form. Classical acute hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed reactions are most often seen. Other forms of hepatotoxicity including granulomatous reactions, steatosis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis have also been described. Generally, antimicrobial-associated hepatotoxicity is mild and self-limited; most cases resolve after withdrawal of the offending medication. Occasionally, however, liver injury presents as a fulminant life-threatening condition or may develop into a chronic illness with significant morbidity. This article presents a summary of reported hepatotoxicity associated with the major classes of antimicrobials and, where possible, identifies potential risk factors and management strategies to assist clinical practice.
Brown
Steven John
SJ
Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. brownst@svhm.org.au
Desmond
Paul Vincent
PV
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009017:Morbidity; D012307:Risk Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents