title: Safety and efficacy of ibuprofen versus indomethacin in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: Indomethacin (INDO) and, more recently, ibuprofen (IBU) have been used to treat haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Both are cyclo-oxygenase blockers, but seem to have a different influence on regional circulation. In a prospective, randomised, controlled study, we compared INDO and IBU with regard to efficacy and safety for the early non-invasive treatment of PDA. Doppler echocardiography was used to study 232 preterm infants (gestational age 23-34 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome of whom 175 had persistent, haemodynamically significant PDA at 48-72 h of life. They were randomised to receive three intravenous doses of either INDO (0.2 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals) or IBU (a first 10 mg/kg dose followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg at 24 h intervals), recording rate of ductal closure, need for additional treatment, side-effects and clinical course. The efficacy of the pharmacological treatment was similar in the two groups (56/81, 69% INDO; 69/94, 73% IBU). Patients treated with INDO showed a significant increase in serum creatinine (89 +/- 24 versus 82 +/- 20 mmol/l, P = 0.03) and a near-significant tendency for a lower fractional excretion of sodium (3 +/- 3 versus 4 +/- 2%, P = 0.08); moreover, 12/81 (15%) INDO patients versus 1/94 (1%) IBU patients became oliguric (< 1 ml/kg per h) during treatment (P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that, by comparison with indomethacin, ibuprofen has fewer effects on renal function in terms of urine output and fluid retention, with much the same efficacy and safety in closing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In particular, no increased incidence of intracranial haemorrhage was observed after ibuprofen treatment.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Italy. paolal@child.pedi.unipd.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bettiol
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pitassi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiandetti
authors.forename: Onofrio S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Saia
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin