title: Ultrasound-assisted extraction in the determination of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and silver in contaminated soil samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
abstract: An extraction method was developed for the determination of toxic elements in contaminated soil samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The determination of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and silver in ultrasound-assisted extracts of SRM 2710 and SRM 2711 by ICP-AES was carried out with high accuracy and precision (RSD<3.7%). The certified concentrations of the SRMs were obtained for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and silver by using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method with a digestion solution of (1+1)-diluted aqua regia. The determination of copper in SRMs by the ultrasound-assisted extraction method and analysis by ICP-AES failed to obtain the certified concentrations at the 95% level of confidence using (+/-2 s) as confidence limits of the mean. However, the same results were observed with the use of the microwave digestion method and reflux, which is the ISO 11466 standard method. The analysis of the SRMs showed that the ultrasound-assisted extraction method is highly comparable with the other methods used for such purposes. The major advantages of the ultrasound-assisted extraction method compared to the microwave and reflux methods are the high treatment rate (50 samples simultaneously in nine minutes) and low reagent usage, the main benefit of which are the low chloride and nitrate concentrations in the extracts.
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, 40351, Jyväskylä, Finland. avaisane@cc.jyu.fi
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väisänen
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suontamo
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silvonen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rintala
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D012834:Silver; D001151:Arsenic