title: Divalproex sodium treatment of women with borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intent of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of divalproex sodium and placebo in the treatment of women with borderline personality disorder and comorbid bipolar II disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind study of divalproex sodium in 30 female subjects aged 18 to 40 years who met Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder and DSM-IV criteria for bipolar II disorder. Subjects were randomly assigned to divalproex sodium or placebo in a 2:1 manner. Treatment duration was 6 months. Primary outcome measures were changes on the interpersonal sensitivity, anger/hostility, and depression scales of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) as well as the total score of the modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to divalproex sodium; 10 subjects to placebo. Using a last-observation-carried-forward paradigm and controlling for baseline severity, divalproex sodium proved to be superior to placebo in diminishing interpersonal sensitivity and anger/hostility as measured by the SCL-90 as well as overall aggression as measured by the MOAS. Adverse effects were infrequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that divalproex sodium may be a safe and effective agent in the treatment of women with criteria-defined borderline personality disorder and comorbid bipolar II disorder, significantly decreasing their irritability and anger, the tempestuousness of their relationships, and their impulsive aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Adult Development, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. ffrankenburg@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Frances R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Frankenburg
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zanarini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger / Q000187:drug effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010919:Placebos; D014635:Valproic Acid