title: Palate re-repair revisited.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of a consecutive series of palate re-repairs performed using the operating microscope and identify predictive factors for outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data collection, with blind assessment of randomized recordings of speech and velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients with previously repaired cleft palates and symptomatic velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and evidence of anterior insertion of the levator veli palatini underwent palate re-repairs by a single surgeon from 1992 to 1998. Syndromic patients, those who had significant additional surgical procedures at the time of re-repair (23 patients), and all patients with inadequate pre- or postoperative speech recordings were excluded, leaving a total of 85 patients in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Palate re-repairs, with radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles, were performed using the operating microscope with intraoperative grading of anatomical and surgical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and postoperative perceptual speech assessments using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech (CAPS) score, measurement of velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy, and assessment of nasendoscopy recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant improvements in hypernasality, nasal emission, and nasal turbulence and measures of velar function on lateral videofluoroscopy, with improvement in the closure ratio, velopharyngeal gap at closure, velar excursion, velar movement angle, and velar velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palate re-repair has been shown to be effective in treating VPI following cleft palate repair, both in patients who have not had an intravelar veloplasty and those who have had a previous attempt at muscle dissection and retropositioning. Palate re-repair has a lower morbidity and is more physiological than a pharyngoplasty or pharyngeal flap.
authors.affiliation: St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Essex , England, UK. brian@sommerlad.co.uk
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sommerlad
authors.forename: Felicity V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Mehendale
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hattee
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010159:Palate / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014741:Video Recording