title: Caecal carcinomas in the elderly: useful signs in minimal preparation CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frail, elderly and immobile patients frequently have difficulty in tolerating formal colonic investigations. Caecal tumours may account for up to 35% of colonic tumours. Barium enema and colonoscopy have limitations in assessing this region. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of a minimal preparation CT technique (merely with prolonged oral contrast medium) in identifying caecal carcinomas and to determine helpful radiological signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CT technique involved helical acquisition following 2 days of preparation with oral contrast medium. The outcome of 4 years' experience (1995-1998) was reviewed. The gold-standards were pathological and cancer registration records, together with colonoscopy and barium enema where available, with a minimum of 15 months' follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT correctly identified 27 of 30 caecal carcinomas, and missed three, in a total of 1077 CT studies in 1031 patients (median age 80 years). There were also 21 false-positive cases in which CT incorrectly raised the possibility of a caecal tumour. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were 90%, 98%, 99% and 56%, respectively. Serosal margin blurring, tumour length, presence of abnormal peri-colic fat and terminal ileal wall thickening were identified as useful radiological signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimal preparation CT is able to identify caecal carcinomas with fair accuracy. Such evaluation may become important given the increasing population age and evidence of a 'proximal shift' in the site of colonic tumours in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust and the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. cng@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002430:Cecal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity