title: Knowledge and beliefs among brothers and sons of men with prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe prostate cancer knowledge and beliefs, important predictors of screening behavior, in first-degree relatives of men with prostate cancer and to compare the knowledge with beliefs about familial risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sent a letter to 837 men with prostate cancer to invite their brothers and/or sons aged 40 to 70 years to participate in the study. Their first-degree relatives who responded received a survey to explore their prostate cancer family history, prostate cancer knowledge, self-efficacy, barriers to screening, perceived benefits, perceived vulnerability, social support, and sociodemographic and medical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 139 participants (age 53 +/- 9 years), 92% were white, and 27% had more than one relative with prostate cancer. Ninety-eight percent of men answered at least one half of the knowledge questions correctly. Older men responded correctly more often than did younger men. Physician recommendations did not appear to be associated with better knowledge about familial risk. Among the 105 subjects (76%) who knew about familial risk, only 65 (62%) believed they themselves were at higher risk of prostate cancer than the average American man. Most of the beliefs were favorable to screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostate cancer knowledge appeared high, although, surprisingly, familial risk was not the best understood domain. Physician recommendations were not associated with better knowledge about familial risk. Many men underestimated their own risk of developing prostate cancer, even among those with good knowledge about familial risk.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Health Services, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005190:Family; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D018570:Risk Assessment