title: Insulin increases forearm vascular resistance in obese, insulin-resistant hypertensives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether acutely lowering insulin levels with somatostatin in obese, insulin-resistant hypertensive individuals reduces arterial pressure and forearm vascular resistance; and whether these changes are reversed by restoring insulin levels during continuing somatostatin infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 11 obese (body mass index 36 +/- 4 kg/m2) insulin-resistant, hypertensive men (systolic/diastolic blood pressures 153 +/- 6/94 +/- 2 mmHg, aged 51 +/- 7 years, fasting insulin level 17 +/- 8 mU/l).
  
  
  METHODS
  Arterial pressure, forearm blood flow and vascular resistance were measured during 2 h of somatostatin infusion and during 2h of somatostatin plus insulin infusion (hyperinsulinemic or euglycemic clamp).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatostatin infusion decreased plasma insulin levels from 17 +/- 2 to <3 mU/l. Insulin infusion raised plasma insulin levels to 86 +/- 7 mU/l. The forearm vascular resistance decreased significantly during somatostatin infusion and increased significantly during infusion of somatostatin plus insulin. Somatostatin also caused small but significant reductions in arterial pressure whereas insulin infusion during somatostatin infusion increased arterial pressure. Control experiments in six obese hypertensives indicated that the changes in forearm vascular resistance (but not in arterial pressure) were caused neither by time nor by vehicle. Control studies in six young normotensives indicated that somatostatin does not block the vasodilator response to insulin previously demonstrated in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that insulin causes forearm vasoconstriction in obese, insulin-resistant hypertensive humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gudbjörnsdottir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellgren
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D013004:Somatostatin