title: The epidemiological transition: need to incorporate obesity prevention into nutrition programmes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trends in the nutritional status for developing countries that are undergoing rapid economic growth indicate a decrease in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) with an associated rise in obesity prevalence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper analyses how supplementary feeding programmes may contribute to rising obesity trends, what factors may explain this phenomenon, and potential strategies to avoid obesity in malnutrition prevention efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive study of changes in nutritional status of infants and young children in Chile and the possible impact of supplementary feeding programmes on the rise in prevalence of obesity. We explored the changes in anthropometric indices before and after receiving food programme benefits and the use of targeting strategies as a way to combine the need to promote optimal growth while preventing obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of the change in nutritional status from participants in Chilean supplementary feeding programmes has shown that targeting strategies have been inadequate as children mainly modify their weight-for-age and weight-for-height, while their length-for-age remains practically unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring length-for-age as well as weight-for-length is necessary to permit the identification of stunted overweight and obese children, as they should not be given excess energy. Energy supplementation should be adjusted according to activity level, securing adequate micronutrient density. PEM prevention programmes need periodic evaluation, including targeting of beneficiaries, definition of real needs and possible effect on obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago. uauy@abello.dic.uchile.cl
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uauy
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006285:Health Planning; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*