title: Winter viruses: influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus-related morbidity in chronic lung disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic lung disease predisposes to serious consequences of respiratory viruses. While increasing influenza immunization rates in older adults signals an awareness of the impact of influenza, children with asthma are infrequently immunized. While respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognized as an important target of vaccine development for infants, its impact on adults is underappreciated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study to estimate rates of hospitalizations, deaths, outpatient visits, and antibiotic courses due to influenza and RSV in persons with chronic lung disease in the Tennessee Medicaid program from 1995 to 1999. Differences between study event rates when influenza was cocirculating with RSV and event rates when RSV was circulating alone were used to calculate influenza-attributable morbidity. Differences in rates when RSV was circulating alone and during summer months were calculated to assess the effect of RSV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Influenza- and RSV-associated hospitalizations were highest at the extremes of age. There were an estimated 8 and 23 hospitalizations per 1000 children younger than 5 years annually due to influenza and RSV, respectively. There were 23 and 18 hospitalizations, as well as 2 and 5 deaths per 1000 persons 65 years or older annually due to influenza and RSV, respectively. Both viruses were associated with an excess of outpatient visits in children, and antibiotic prescriptions in all age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among persons with chronic lung disease, influenza virus and RSV accounted for 15% to 33% of acute respiratory hospitalizations in children, 7% to 9% of such hospitalizations in adults, and 9% of deaths in those 65 years or older.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, A-1124 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. marie.griffin@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Neuzil
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mitchel
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology