title: Psychological benefits of prostate cancer screening: the role of reassurance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of reassurance in decision-making about screening for health problems is largely unknown. We examined the reassurance value of prostate cancer screening in primary care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty eight men, aged 45-70 years, who had no history of prostate cancer, from three family medicine practices in southeast Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hypothetical scenario was developed where men were asked to assume they did not have prostate cancer, and then to rank three predefined screening states with regard to reassurance value: (A) unknown (no screening), (B) normal by screening [a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and a digital rectal examination (DRE)] and (C) normal by biopsy (abnormal PSA test and DRE results but a negative ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the men (96.8%) associated some reassurance value with screening, considering health state A to be the worst possible health state. Results from a multivariate analysis showed that preference for screening state C was associated with a family history of prostate cancer and perceived greater risk for prostate cancer compared with other men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that prostate cancer screening may have some reassurance value for men, and that increased risk status may explain why some men prefer the added reassurance afforded by screening.
authors.affiliation: Section of Health Services Research, Department of Biostatistics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. sbcantor@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Alvah R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cass
authors.forename: Jawaria
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilani
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Spann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology