title: Antiepileptic effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (corpus luysi) in a case of medically intractable epilepsy caused by focal dysplasia: a 30-month follow-up: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, some forms of epilepsy are resistant to both pharmacological and surgical interventions. As a result, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. Because the nigral system modulates neuronal excitability in animal models of epilepsy, we considered therapeutic high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). We were encouraged by the known relationship between the STN and the nigral system, as well as by our experience with high-frequency stimulation of the STN in Parkinsonian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-year-old girl with pharmacologically resistant, inoperable epilepsy caused by focal centroparietal dysplasia underwent implantation with a permanent electrode in the left STN and was chronically stimulated. To date, we have followed up this patient for 30 months postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-frequency stimulation of the STN induced a significant voltage-dependent reduction (by 80%) in the number and severity of seizures. In addition, consistent improvement in both motor and cognitive functions was noted as a result of reduced postictal states. The effect was more prominent for seizures occurring in clusters (89% reduction) and during the day (88% reduction) than for those that occurred during sleep (53% reduction).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of epilepsy control using chronic high-frequency stimulation of the STN. Preliminary observations in three other operated patients (at 2, 12, and 18 mo) confirm these data. We think that high-frequency stimulation of the STN may hold significant future potential as a treatment for epilepsy, similar to its established role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. This finding opens completely new experimental and therapeutic avenues for the treatment of surgically and medically intractable epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Grenoble, and INSERM Research Unit U318, Grenoble, France. Alim-Louis.Benabid@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Alim Louis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Benabid
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minotti
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koudsié
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Saint Martin
authors.forename: Edouard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome