title: Bone effects of hexarelin, a GH-releasing peptide, in female rats: influence of estrogen milieu.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was performed to evaluate the potential influence of the estrogen milieu in modulating the effects of GH/IGF stimulation by a GH-releasing peptide, hexarelin (HEXA), on bone metabolism and mineral density in middle-aged female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  HEXA was administered for 60 days (50 microg/kg s.c. twice a day) to intact and ovariectomized (OVX) 11-month-old female rats and changes in bone parameters were evaluated with respect to those of the same rats under baseline conditions and with those of control rats (intact and OVX) administered isovolumetric amounts of physiological saline. Serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) were measured before and at various times during HEXA treatment. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density of lumbar vertebrae and femoral mid-diaphyses were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after treatment. In all groups, serum IGF-I levels were determined before and during treatment and the GH secretory response to HEXA was assessed at the end of the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intact rats, HEXA did not modify Dpd urinary excretion, induced a trend toward an increase of serum ALP activity and significantly increased BMC (+6.5%) and bone area (+4.1%) only at lumbar vertebrae. In OVX rats, HEXA did not modify the OVX-induced increase in bone turnover markers (Dpd and ALP) and did not affect the OVX-induced vertebral bone loss, but significantly increased BMC (+7.2%) and bone area (+5.3%) at femoral mid-diaphyses. HEXA significantly increased serum IGF-I levels at day 14, but not at day 60, in both intact and OVX rats, whereas the GH secretory response to HEXA was higher in the former than in the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the present data demonstrate that chronic HEXA treatment increases BMC and bone area at lumbar vertebrae in intact rats and at femoral diaphyses in OVX rats. The different sensitivity to HEXA of the skeletal districts examined is related to the estrogen milieu and may reflect a complex interplay between estrogens and GH/IGF function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32-20129 Milan, Italy. Valeria.Sibilia@unimi.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sibilia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cocchi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soglian
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubinacci
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pecile
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Netti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006728:Hormones; D009842:Oligopeptides; C086184:hexarelin