title: Synaptic vesicle recycling at two classes of release sites in giant nerve terminals of the embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion.
abstract: Rapid synaptic transmission in the embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion occurs through the activation of two distinct classes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs): those containing alpha3 subunits (alpha 3*-AChRs) and those containing alpha7 subunits (alpha 7*-AChRs). alpha3*-AChRs are found on ciliary neurons in clusters at synaptic sites on the cell body, whereas alpha7* -AChRs are found on somatic spines, which historically were thought not to have release sites in the embryo. However, Shoop et al. (Shoop et al. [1999] J. Neurosci. 19:692-704) recently described release sites having pre- and postsynaptic densities on somatic spines. We used transmission electron microscopy to compare the structure of synaptic sites on spines with those on the smooth surfaced part of the cell. We find that the two populations of sites are similar in active zone length, number of vesicles, and distance between vesicles and active zone. To study the functional properties of these sites, we examined their stimulation-dependent uptake and release of the extracellular tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We found that each class of release sites both took up and released HRP in a stimulation- and calcium-dependent manner. The mean fraction of synaptic vesicles labeled with tracer was similar for the two populations, both after loading ( approximately 45%) and after unloading ( approximately 7%). Thus we detect no differences between these two anatomically distinct classes of release sites, other than their incidence: sites on spines occurred only 12% as often as those on the cell body. The release sites on somatic spines presumably underlie synaptic responses attributable to alpha7*-AChRs.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Stomatology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Sargent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor