title: Antenatal diagnosis of hereditary fetal growth retardation with aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, and lactic acidosis in the newborn infant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prenatal diagnosis of the fetus for a mother of two previously deceased infants who died from the recently described autosomal recessive disease (OMIM 603358). The infants presented with intrauterine growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, severe lactic acidosis, and early death (GRACILE syndrome).
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from the fibroblasts and tissue samples of the deceased infants, parental leukocytes, and from a chorion villus biopsy in the next pregnancy. Haplotypes were determined using the relevant markers flanking the disease-associated region of chromosome 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both deceased infants were homozygous for the four critical markers. The fetal haploptypes were identical to those of the siblings and the pregnancy was terminated. The iron content of the fetal liver was increased (5000 microg/g) compared with the controls, with a marked iron accumulation in the Kupffer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antenatal diagnosis can be performed based on linkage analysis in families with at least one affected child because the disease locus has been assigned to a restricted chromosomal region. Typical histological abnormalities may be present in early fetal life.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. vineta.fellman@hus.fi
authors.forename: Vineta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fellman
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Visapää
authors.forename: Mihailo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vujic
authors.forename: Ulla-Britt
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Wennerholm
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peltonen
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000150:complications; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000150:complications; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D000608:Renal Aminoacidurias / Q000150:complications; D013577:Syndrome; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*