Left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults. However, there are severe limitations in the extent to which the cardiovascular consequences of OSA are being studied in children. To investigate the echocardiographic changes in children with OSA, right and left ventricular (RV, LV) dimensions and LV mass index and geometry were measured in 28 children with OSA and 19 children with primary snoring (PS). The study showed that LV mass index and relative wall thickness were greater in the OSA group compared with those with PS (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively). An apnea-hypopnea index of more than 10 per hour was significantly associated with RV dimension above the 95th percentile (odds ratios, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-32) and LV mass index above the 95th percentile (odds ratios, 11.2; confidence interval, 1.9-64). Abnormality of LV geometry was present in 15% of children with PS compared with 39% of children with OSA. We conclude that OSA in children is associated with increased LV mass.
Amin
Raouf S
RS
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. aminr0@chmcc.org
Kimball
Thomas R
TR
Bean
Judy A
JA
Jeffries
Jenny L
JL
Willging
J Paul
JP
Cotton
Robin T
RT
Witt
Sandra A
SA
Glascock
Betty J
BJ
Daniels
Steven R
SR
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*