title: Distal radius fractures in older women: a 10-year follow-up study of descriptive characteristics and risk factors. The study of osteoporotic fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of distal radius fractures and the characteristics of those fractures and to identify the key risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study, mean follow-up of 9.8 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four clinical centers, one each in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine thousand seven hundred four white women aged 65 and older, enrolled in the multicenter Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred twenty-seven distal radius fractures were confirmed by physician review of radiology reports; characteristics of the fractures were noted. Information was also collected on lifestyle, demographics, bone mineral density (BMD), and clinical and performance measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of fracture was 7.3/1,000 person-years. Twenty-seven percent of the fractures were intra-articular; 73% were extra-articular. The independent predictors of fracture were decreased BMD (per 0.1 g/cm(2)) at the distal radius ( relative risk ( RR)=1.8, 95% confidence interval ( CI)=1.6-2.1), a history of recurrent falls ( RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.2-2.0), and having had a previous fracture since age 50 ( RR=1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6). Current use of oral estrogen was protective ( RR=0.6, 95% CI=0.4-0.8). For women aged 75 and older, poor cognitive status was also a predictor of wrist fracture. Intra-articular fractures occurred more than twice as frequently in women with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first large long-term comprehensive study of distal radius fractures in older people. The results indicate that factors predictive of distal radius fractures can easily be assessed in routine clinical practice and can identify women at high risk for fracture. Selected preventive strategies could be designed to reduce the incidence of these fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
authors.forename: Molly T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tomaino
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors