title: Antimicrobial activity of antiproteinases.
abstract: Low-molecular-mass neutrophil elastase inhibitors have been shown to be important in the control of lung inflammation. In addition to inhibiting the enzyme neutrophil elastase, these low-molecular-mass compounds (10 kDa) have been shown to have other activities. For example, secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and elastase-specific inhibitor/SKALP (skin-derived antileucoproteinase)/elafin have also been shown to have "defensin"-like antimicrobial activities. Indeed, these inhibitors have antimicrobial properties in vitro against bacteria, fungi and, potentially, HIV. In addition, we have shown, using an adenovirus-mediated gene transfer overexpression strategy, that elafin is also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice in vivo. The mechanism of action is currently under investigation. In addition to these direct or indirect effects on microbes, it has been shown that lipopolysaccharide is able to up-regulate SPLI production in macrophages in vitro, and that the addition of recombinant SLPI to human monocytes or the transfection of macrophages with SPLI can down-regulate pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor, presumably to limit self-damaging excessive inflammation. Using viral gene transfer vectors, we are currently investigating the potential of these inhibitors in various models of inflammation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Rayne Laboratory, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, U.K. j.sallenave@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sallenave
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin