Environmental policies to reduce college drinking: options and research findings.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this article is to provide an overview of environmental strategies that may reduce college drinking. Drinking behavior is influenced by many environmental factors, including messages in the media, community norms and attitudes, public and institutional policies and practices and economic factors. College student drinking may be influenced by environmental factors on and off campus.


METHODS
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, ETOH, Current Contents and Social Science Abstracts databases was conducted to identify research studies evaluating effects of environmental strategies on college and general populations.


RESULTS
The identified environmental strategies fall into four categories: (1) increasing compliance with minimum legal drinking age laws, (2) reducing consumption and risky alcohol use, (3) decreasing specific types of alcohol-related problems and (4) de-emphasizing the role of alcohol on campus and promoting academics and citizenship. Although the extant research indicates that many environmental strategies are promising for reducing alcohol-related problems among the general population, few of these strategies have been evaluated for effects on the college population.


CONCLUSIONS
Further research is needed to evaluate effects of alcohol control policies on alcohol consumption and its related problems among college students.
Toomey
Traci L
TL
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA. toomey@epi.umn.edu
Wagenaar
Alexander C
AC
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D012931:Social Environment; D014495:Universities / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*