title: Suppressive efficacies by adaptive temporal filtering system on photoparoxysmal response elicited by flickering pattern stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on our previous study that validated efficacies of an adaptive temporal filtering system (ATFS) suppressing a photoparoxysmal response (PPR) elicited by a chromatic flicker stimulation, we further studied ATFS efficacies on PPRs elicited by pattern-flicker stimulation in 13 photosensitive epilepsy patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 13 photosensitive epilepsy patients (two male and 11 female patients; mean age +/- SD, 20.9 +/- 8.9 years) who were all sensitive to a flickering geometric-pattern scene. We used a scene consisting of 15-Hz flickering 4 c/deg stripe images lasting for 4 s. With a 14-inch television set 2 m before a subject, we displayed the following video scenes: nonfiltered and filtered flickering-stripe scenes; for the latter, two kinds of ATFSs with mild efficacy and strong efficacy were used. Three flickering-stripe scenes altogether, each of which lasted for 4 s, were given at random with a 10-s interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A nonfiltered flickering-stripe scene elicited generalized PPRs in all patients; a filtered scene by use of an ATFS with mild efficacy elicited generalized PPRs in six patients (46%), whereas that by an ATFS with strong efficacy exhibited no PPRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, using an ATFS, again shows suppressive efficacy on PPRs elicited by flickering-pattern stimulation. Therefore a series of our studies suggested that ATFS may be useful as a preventive measure for photosensitive seizures triggered by stimulative flickering images from televisions or other displays.
authors.affiliation: Yaotome Clinic, Sendai, Japan. tt@dd.iij4u.or.jp
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamijo
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D013690:Television / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology