title: Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate.
abstract: We provide evidence of large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and European shelf seas. We demonstrate that strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages have occurred with a northward extension of more than 10 degrees latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These biogeographical shifts are in agreement with recent changes in the spatial distribution and phenology detected for many taxonomic groups in terrestrial European ecosystems and are related to both the increasing trend in Northern Hemisphere temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation.
authors.affiliation: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beaugrand
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibañez
authors.forename: J Alistair
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D002980:Climate; D003445:Crustacea; D017753:Ecosystem; D005843:Geography; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater; D013696:Temperature; D015048:Zooplankton