title: Insulin and leptin combine additively to reduce food intake and body weight in rats.
abstract: Leptin and insulin are distinct adiposity signals that regulate food intake and body weight. Because recent evidence suggests that the central catabolic action of each is mediated by the hypothalamic melanocortin system, we tested the hypothesis that leptin and insulin interact within the brain, either additively or synergistically, to suppress food intake and reduce body weight. Using a within-subjects design, we co-administered leptin and insulin into the 3rd cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) over a wide range of doses, and compared the combined effects to what occurred following the administration of each peptide alone. The data suggest that leptin and insulin interact sub-additively to regulate food intake and body weight over the first few hours. That is, the ability of combinations of leptin and insulin to reduce food intake and body weight was less than what would be predicted by the sum of their independent actions. Over 24 hours, however, the combined doses fit a strictly additive model. These data therefore imply a redundancy in the functional intracellular pathways or neuronal circuits that leptin and insulin utilize in the acute regulation of food intake and body weight, and they further imply that over time, the redundancy dissipates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0555, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Air
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seeley
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones