title: Characteristic patterns of circadian variation in plasma catecholamine levels, blood pressure and heart rate variability in Type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether Type 2 diabetic patients exhibit characteristic patterns of circadian variation in plasma levels of catecholamines, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Type 2 diabetic and eight control in-patients were studied. Blood for catecholamine measurement was collected every 4 h, and non-invasive ambulatory BP and heart rate were monitored throughout the day. HRV was determined using frequency domain methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients showed a different pattern of circadian variation in BP and HRV from that of controls, the diurnal-nocturnal differences (D-N) being significantly smaller. The mean 24-h HRV levels were reduced in diabetic subjects. The mean 24-h plasma noradrenaline level of 1.36 +/- 0.12 nmol/l in diabetic patients was significantly lower than the 2.03 +/- 0.20 nmol/l in controls (P < 0.01). In contrast, no significant difference in adrenaline levels was observed. The mean 24-h plasma noradrenaline level demonstrated a significant positive correlation with D-N in systolic BP (r = 0.49, P = 0.0153).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated distinctive patterns of circadian variation in plasma noradrenaline level, BP and HRV in Type 2 diabetic patients, associated with an abnormal circadian pattern of sympathovagal modulation.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine