title: Fenoldopam mesylate blocks reductions in renal plasma flow after radiocontrast dye infusion: a pilot trial in the prevention of contrast nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiocontrast nephropathy (RCN) is a common source of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Fenoldopam mesylate is a dopamine A1 receptor agonist that augments renal plasma flow (RPF) in patients with normotensive and hypertensive conditions. To determine whether fenoldopam mesylate attenuates reductions in RPF after contrast infusion, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of fenoldopam mesylate in patients who underwent contrast angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine level, 2.0-5.0 mg/dL) who were undergoing contrast angiography were screened, and 45 patients were randomized to receive normal saline solution (1/2 NS) or 1/2 NS plus fenoldopam mesylate at 0.1 microg/kg/min at lease 1 hour before infusion with contrast dye. Serum creatinine level was measured at baseline and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after angiography. The primary endpoint was change in RPF 1 hour after contrast infusion. The secondary endpoint was incidence of RCN, defined as a 0.5 mg/dL or a 25% rise in serum creatinine level at 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RPF at 1 hour after angiography was 15.8% above baseline in the fenoldopam mesylate group compared with 33.2% below baseline in the 1/2 NS group (P <.05). The incidence rate of RCN at 48 hours was 41.0% in the 1/2 NS group versus 21% in the fenoldopam mesylate group (P =.148). Among patients with diabetes, the incidence rate of RCN tended to be higher in the 1/2 NS group compared with the fenoldopam mesylate group (64% vs 33%; P =.14). The peak serum creatinine level at 72 hours after contrast infusion was significantly higher at in the 1/2 NS group (creatinine level, 3.6 +/- 1.0 mg/dL) compared with the fenoldopam mesylate group (creatinine level, 2.8 +/- 0.35 mg/dL; P <.05). RPF was significantly (P <.0001) reduced in patients with RCN compared with patients in whom RCN did not develop.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot trial suggest that fenoldopam mesylate is a promising prophylactic agent for RCN and that larger multicenter trials should be conducted to prove its efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. JTUMLIN@emory.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tumlin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mathur
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018818:Fenoldopam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010130:p-Aminohippuric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018818:Fenoldopam; D010130:p-Aminohippuric Acid