title: Noninvasive breath tests can detect alterations in gastric emptying in the mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noninvasive breath tests may have significant utility for the measurement of gastric emptying in mice, but the tests' sensitivity for detection of changes in gastric emptying has not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was incorporated into a liquid meal to delay gastric emptying, and mice were injected with erythromycin to accelerate emptying of a liquid or solid meal. All test meals were labelled with (13)C-acetic acid or (13)C-octanoic acid. Breath samples collected at intervals were analysed for (13)CO(2) content, and gastric emptying rates were calculated from the resultant (13)CO(2) excretion curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As predicted, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose slowed emptying compared with water (14.21 +/- 0.94 min vs. 9.17 +/- 0.47 min, P < 0.001), while erythromycin treatment accelerated emptying of liquids (10.96 +/- 0.78 min vs. 16.41 +/- 1.94 min, P < 0.05) and solids (108.81 +/- 18.06 vs. 157.95 +/- 12.01 min, P < 0.05) compared with the saline injected controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that in mice the breath test is sensitive enough to detect differences in gastric emptying induced by meal composition and pharmacological agents. Noninvasive measurement of gastric emptying in mice will be useful as a method to evaluate the effect of nutrients or drugs on the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Department of Physiology, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia. erinsymonds@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Symonds
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide