title: Forskolin upregulation of NOS I protein expression in porcine ciliary processes: a new aspect of aqueous humor regulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine whether nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein expression can be modulated by forskolin in porcine ciliary processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blot analysis using mouse monoclonal antibodies against NOS I (neuronal NOS or nNOS), NOS II (macrophage NOS or macNOS), and NOS III (endothelial NOS or eNOS) was performed in porcine ciliary processes. Expression of NOS I and II was also assessed in the presence or in the absence of 1 microM forskolin exposure (4 and 24 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three NOS isoforms could be detected in isolated porcine ciliary processes. Protein expression for NOS I was about 6 times higher than for NOS III and 15 times higher than for NOS II. In comparison to controls, after forskolin exposure, NOS I protein expression was increased by about 1.5-fold. No change could be observed in NOS II protein expression after forskolin exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitric oxide is involved in transepithelial fluid transport of different organs (lung, kidney, colon, etc.) and is suspected to play a role in ciliary processes by modulating the aqueous humor production. The present study indicates that forskolin (which increases cAMP production) modulates NOS I protein expression in isolated porcine ciliary processes. These results suggest that selective inhibition of NOS I could be tried for reducing aqueous humor production. The clinical relevance requires further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Ocular Pharmacology and Physiology, University Eye Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flammer
authors.forename: Ivan O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Haefliger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000187:drug effects; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D013552:Swine; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005576:Colforsin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III