title: Comparison of liver enzymes in osmerid fishes: key differences between a glycerol accumulating species, rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and a species that does not accumulate glycerol, capelin (Mallotus villosus).
abstract: Activities of enzymes associated with glycerol synthesis were compared in the liver of two osmerid fishes, the smelt (Osmerus mordax), which can accumulate high (400 mM) levels of glycerol and capelin (Mallotus villosus) that does not accumulate glycerol. Animals were sampled at approximately the same time of year and temperature thus negating potential seasonal effects. These species are closely related, reducing interpretative issues involving comparison between unrelated species. We found that key enzyme activities were elevated in the smelt relative to the non-glycerol accumulating capelin, namely enzymes involved with glycolysis (phosphofructose kinase-1 and aldolase), amino acid metabolism (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and glycerol synthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The enzyme profiles strongly support the hypothesis that smelt can synthesize glycerol by utilizing glycogen and amino acids as the carbon source and that they have increased capacity for metabolic flux through loci required for synthesis of the three carbon intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate and subsequently glycerol synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Treberg
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Driedzic
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D036441:Osmeriformes / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008293:Malates; C030298:malic acid; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D005990:Glycerol