title: Method development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for tramadol in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction.
abstract: An HPLC system using a simple liquid-liquid extraction and HPLC with UV detection has been validated to determine tramadol concentration in human plasma. The method developed was selective and linear for concentrations ranging from 10 to 2000 ng/ml with average recovery of 98.63%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 10 ng/ml and the percentage recovery of the internal standard phenacetin was 76.51%. The intra-day accuracy ranged from 87.55 to 105.99% and the inter-day accuracy, 93.44 to 98.43% for tramadol. Good precision (5.32 and 6.67% for intra- and inter-day, respectively) was obtained at LOQ. The method has been applied to determine tramadol concentrations in human plasma samples for a pharmacokinetic study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. usmpcrprob@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wan Adnan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol