title: Sleep disorders and their determinants in multiple system atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, types, determinants, and consequences of sleep disorders in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and determine whether their characteristics are similar to those of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about sleep disorders was collected using a standardised questionnaire in an unselected group of 57 patients with MSA and in 62 patients with PD matched as a group for age, sex distribution, and disease duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of patients with MSA complained of sleep disorders compared with 51% of patients with PD (p=0.03). The most commonly reported sleep disorders were sleep fragmentation (52.5%), vocalisation (60%), REM sleep behaviour disorder (47.5%), and nocturnal stridor (19%). Except for sleep fragmentation, the incidence of these disorders was significantly higher than in PD. Sleep problems tended to be associated with more severe motor symptoms, longer disease duration, depression, and longer duration of levodopa treatment. Half of patients with MSA with sleep disorders complained of daytime somnolence compared with 30% of patients with PD. Daytime somnolence was significantly associated with disease severity in MSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that sleep disorders are more common in patients with MSA than in those with PD after the same duration of the disease, reflecting the more diffuse underlying pathological process in MSA.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Systéme Nerveux, Clinique du Sommeil, Hôpital Pellegrin, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghorayeb
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yekhlef
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chrysostome
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balestre
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bioulac
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tison
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000150:complications*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa