title: Arabidopsis RAR1 exerts rate-limiting control of R gene-mediated defenses against multiple pathogens.
abstract: We have identified the Arabidopsis ortholog of barley RAR1 as a component of resistance specified by multiple nucleotide binding/Leu-rich repeat resistance (R) genes recognizing different bacterial and oomycete pathogen isolates. Characterization of partially and fully defective rar1 mutations revealed that wild-type RAR1 acts as a rate-limiting regulator of early R gene-triggered defenses, determining the extent of pathogen containment, hypersensitive plant cell death, and an oxidative burst at primary infection sites. We conclude that RAR1 defense signaling function is conserved between plant species that are separated evolutionarily by 150 million years. RAR1 encodes a protein with two zinc binding (CHORD) domains that are highly conserved across eukaryotic phyla, and the single nematode CHORD-containing homolog, Chp, was found previously to be essential for embryo viability. An absence of obvious developmental defects in null Arabidopsis rar1 mutants favors the notion that, in contrast, RAR1 does not play a fundamental role in plant development.
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Muskett
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Moisan
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadanandom
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirasu
authors.forename: Jonathan D G
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C499581:PBS2 protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; C499582:Rar1 protein, Hordeum vulgare