title: Clinical versus C.T. scan diagnosis in stroke--a comparative study of 50 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebrovascular disease is one of the three leading causes of death in the world along with cancer and heart disease. Differentiation between cerebral infarction and intracerebral haemorrhage is important because now a days proper management of the acute stroke syndrome is based on the correct diagnosis of the pathological type. This study compared clinical and C.T. scan diagnosis of stroke and determined the reliability of the clinical diagnosis in cases of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 50 patients of stroke at Postgraduate Medical Institution, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from Jan 1995 to May 1996. Clinical diagnoses were made in conformity with criteria for clinical diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage, cerebral infarction due to embolism or thrombosis. The clinical diagnosis was then compared with the CT diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that from careful history and clinical examination differentiation could be made between cerebral infarction and haemorrhage. In our study at Government Lady Reading Hospital, cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 42% of cases of stroke and cerebral infarction in 58%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to make a clinical diagnosis of stroke, a detailed history and thorough clinical examination is mandatory. As far as treatment planning is concerned clinical diagnosis of stroke is not safe enough as a guide for anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy. In order to confirm the aetiological diagnosis of stroke one must rely on C.T. scan examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Shams-ur-Rehman
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed