title: Hemodynamic responses during aerobic and resistance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance training has become an accepted part of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Because of the potential for a high afterload to have a negative impact on left ventricular function, there has been concern regarding the safety of resistance training for patients with congestive heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study addressed this concern by studying 12 healthy volunteers, 12 patients with stable coronary artery disease, and 12 patients with stable congestive heart failure during upright cycling at 90% of ventilatory threshold, and during one set of 10 repeated leg presses, shoulder presses, and biceps curls at 60% to 70% of 1-repetition maximum. Left ventricular function was measured by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of changes in heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, wall thickness, and left ventricular internal diameters was similar across all three groups of subjects, although there were large differences in absolute values. Despite elevations in diastolic and mean arterial pressures during resistance exercise, there was no evidence of significant rest-to-exercise deterioration in left ventricular function during leg press (ejection fraction, 60%-59%, 56%-55%, and 38%-37%), shoulder press (66%-65%, 59%-53%, and 38%-35%), or biceps curls (63%-58%, 53%-54%, and 35%-36%), as compared with cycle ergometry (63%-69%, 51%-57%, and 35%-42%) in the healthy control subjects, the patients with coronary artery disease, and the patients with congestive heart failure, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular function remains stable during moderate-intensity resistance exercise, even in patients with congestive heart failure, suggesting that this form of exercise therapy can be used safely in rehabilitation programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 54601, USA.
authors.forename: Arna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Karlsdottir
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Porcari
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmer-McLean
authors.forename: Roseanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White-Kube
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Backes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left