title: Evaluation of a new automated quantitative d-dimer, Advanced D-Dimer, in patients suspected of venous thromboembolism.
abstract: The objective of our study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of a new automated d-dimer, the Advanced D-Dimer (Dade Behring Inc., Deerfield, IL) for use in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). To do this we compared the Advanced D-Dimer to existing d-dimer methods using established target cut-off values in patients suspected of VTE who were to undergo definitive radiographic studies for VTE. We studied hospitalized patients and outpatients who were suspected of having VTE and who had whole blood d-dimer performed. The patients who underwent a diagnostic study for VTE had their D-dimer results used to determine sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values. There was relatively poor correlation between the Advanced D-Dimer and D-Dimer Gold (r = 0.63; t-test: P < 0.005) and Asserachrome D-Di (r = 0.58; t-test: P < 0.005). The Advanced D-Dimer target cutoff values for excluding VTE in hospitalized and outpatients were < or = 1800 microg/L and < or = 1500 microg/l respectively. There were 139 patients suspected with pulmonary embolism (PE) and 328 evaluated for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). There were 24 patients with PE, and 43 with DVT. The Advanced D-Dimer had comparable sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values (96, 43, 98% for PE and 96, 48, 99% for DVT respectively) to other d-dimer methods used for that purpose. We conclude that the Advanced D-Dimer correlates relatively poorly with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. This poor correlation is likely due to incorrect reporting units and concentration. When these factors are corrected correlations improved. Compared to existing d-dimer methods used for VTE exclusion, the high sensitivity and negative predictive value would suggest that this method can be used as part of a diagnostic algorithm for the exclusion of PE and DVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Owings
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Larkin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019719:Diagnostic Equipment / Q000592:standards*; D001330:Electronic Data Processing / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D