title: Human peripheral blood monocytes versus THP-1 monocytes for in vitro biocompatibility testing of dental material components.
abstract: Monocytes play a central role in the response of tissues to biomaterials. Monocytic cell lines such as the THP-1 cell line have been used extensively as models for primary monocytes (directly from blood) in biocompatibility research. However, little information exists about the appropriateness of these cell lines as models. Thus, the current study compared the biological response of both primary peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) and the THP-1 cell line to four common components of dental materials known to be released into the oral environment: nickel ions, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and 2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloloxy)-phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA). Comparisons were made by constructing dose-response curves for each type of monocyte and the four components. The 50% cytotoxicity values (TC50 values) were then statistically compared. In addition, the response of the monocytes to the materials with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were assessed by measuring TNF-alpha secretion from the monocytes. The results showed that the PBMs were 5-10 times less sensitive than the THP-1 monocytes to these dental components, but that both cell lines ranked the components identically. TNF-alpha secretion from both types of monocytes often showed similar trends, although some inconsistent results were noted. The current study supports the use of THP-1s as a model for ranking the cytotoxicity of components of dental biomaterials. Furthermore, the secretory activity of PBMs appears to be generally well represented by the THP-1s. However, sufficient differences between these cell types exist to recommend confirmation of any critical results obtained with THP-1s using PBMs.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1260, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Volkmann
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lockwood
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D009532:Nickel; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase