title: Effects of adenoviral gene transfer of C. elegans n-3 fatty acid desaturase on the lipid profile and growth of human breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current evidence from both experimental and human studies indicates that omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) promote breast tumor development, whereas long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert suppressive effects. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids appears to be an important factor in controlling tumor development. Human cells usually have a very high n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio because they cannot convert n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs due to lack of an n-3 desaturase found in C. elegans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenoviral strategies were used to introduce the C. elegans fat-1 gene encoding an n-3 fatty acid desaturase into human breast cancer cells followed by examination of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and growth of the cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection of MCF-7 cells with an adenovirus carrying the fat-1 gene resulted in a high expression of the n-3 fatty acid desaturase. Lipid analysis indicated a remarkable increase in the levels of n-3 PUFAs accompanied with a large decrease in the contents of n-6 PUFAs, leading to a change of the n-6/n-3 ratio from 12.0 to 0.8. Accordingly, production of the eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFA was reduced significantly in cells expressing the fat-1 gene. Importantly, the gene transfer induced mass cell death and inhibited cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene transfer of the n-3 fatty acid desaturase, as a novel approach, can effectively modify the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of human tumor cells and provide an anticancer effect, without the need of exogenous n-3 PUFA supplementation. These data also increase the understanding of the effects of n-3 fatty acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio on cancer prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Yinlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhao B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cluette-Brown
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laposata
authors.forename: Jing X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C078565:omega-3 fatty acid desaturase; D015232:Dinoprostone