title: The use of humor and its influences on spirituality and coping in breast cancer survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe patients' perspectives concerning the use of humor in their care and recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine women with a diagnosis of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-ended interviews were conducted with participants to identify their use of humor, its influence on spirituality, and their perceptions of how nurses use humor in caring for them during their treatment for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of humor as a coping skill.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The narrative data revealed three major categories, each with five to six themes illuminating humor as a coping factor, the relationship between humor and nursing, and the relationship between humor and spirituality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants identified humor as an important coping factor. They also believed it played a role in their spirituality and their perception of the meaning and purpose of life. Nurses' use of humor is important to foster deeper, more trusting relationships with patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Humor must be recognized as an element of spiritual coping in patients with breast cancer. A need exists for further education for nurses concerning the importance of humor in the care of patients to promote recovery and improve the nurse-patient relationship. Research is needed to explore the use of cultural influences on humor, family perspectives of humor, and the influences of the overall environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer center, Houston, TX, USA. paigejohnsonnp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D013140:Spiritualism; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic