title: Evaluation of angiography performed by radiographers and nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate out-patient angiography performed by nurses and radiographers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A protocol for out-patient angiography performed by nurses and radiographers was drawn up and approved by the Trust's Risk Management Committee. Following training, two experienced radiographers and one nurse undertook elective peripheral or renal angiography according to the protocol on 187 patients. Angiograms were performed using a 3F catheter introduced into the abdominal aorta from a femoral approach. Patients were discharged after 2 hours and contacted by telephone the following morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient refused consent for the procedure. One hundred and seventy-two patients underwent successful catheterization without assistance from a radiologist. Radiologist assistance was required with femoral puncture or catheter/guidewire manipulation in 15 cases (8%). Images were considered diagnostic by the reporting radiologist in all but one case. This patient was recalled for further aortogram and pressure measurements. There was a single puncture site complication due to transient stenosis of the common femoral artery at the puncture site. This is thought to have been the result of subintimal injection of local anaesthetic, and it resolved spontaneously over 30 minutes. There were no delayed complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experienced nurses and radiographers can rapidly acquire the skills to perform diagnostic angiography safely and efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. nchalmer@central.cmht.nwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parkinson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Butterfield
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fawcitt
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D000792:Angiography / Q000592:standards*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000592:standards; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D004739:England; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging