title: Renal cortical thickness and PON1 activity both decrease in chronic renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with a tendency to atherosclerosis due to the enhanced oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and paraoxonase (PON 1), together with abnormalities in lipid parameters. We determined the in vitro susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation and PON1 activities in patients with chronic renal insufficiency to see how PON1 affected the progression of the disease and whether hemodialysis influenced these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients (21 men, 16 women, mean age 43.9 +/- 16) with CRF were included, 23 were receiving hemodialysis treatment. Exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus and acute coronary disease. Eighteen healthy subjects (9 men and 9 women, mean age 39.9 +/- 10.5) volunteered to participate as controls. All patients were evaluated by renal ultrasound (USG) and two-dimensional echography, and their lipid profiles, PON1 activity, basal and Cu-induced LDL oxidation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PON1 activities of patients were lower than controls (14.4 +/- 11 vs 30.9 +/- 19 U/L, p < 0.05) while basal ox-LDL levels determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method were higher (0.6 +/- 0.4 vs 0.4+/- 0.2 nmol/mg LDL protein, p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups treated with hemodialysis or not. There was a positive correlation between renal cortical thickness and HDL levels (r=0.47, p=0.006) and PON1 activity (r=0.45, p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that HDL cholesterol levels and PON1 activities were both lower in patients, indicating depletion of the protective antioxidant capacity. PON1 activities and phenotypes were no different in patients with coronary disease and others so it does not appear to be a significant indicator of coronary artery disease in patients with CRF.
authors.affiliation: Ataturk Research and Educational Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülçin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ak
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozgönül
authors.forename: Eser Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Sözmen
authors.forename: S Leyla
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sözmen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000628:therapy; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D004950:Esterases; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human