title: Pediatric residents' clinical diagnostic accuracy of otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric resident physicians' clinical diagnostic accuracy of otitis media is unknown. We attempted to correlate the clinical examination of pediatric house staff with pediatric otolaryngologists and tympanometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric residents evaluated patients who were scheduled in the pediatric acute care clinic and completed a provider examination form detailing their otoscopic findings, interpretation, and treatment plan. Patients were then immediately reevaluated by a pediatric otolaryngologist using an identical form. Tympanometry was also performed by a pediatric audiologist. We used kappa statistics to calculate correlation of clinical findings and interpretation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 103 patients consented for the study; 70 patients were examined by 27 different pediatric residents with 43 patients (86 ears) examined by all 3 providers. Correlation of clinical findings between all pediatric residents and the pediatric otolaryngologists was a kappa statistic of 0.30 (fair agreement). The individual diagnostic finding with the greatest correlation was tympanic membrane erythema (kappa statistic: 0.40 [fair agreement]), and the worst correlate was tympanic membrane position (kappa statistic: 0.16 [slight agreement]). Resident interpretation and tympanometry yielded a kappa statistic of 0.20 (slight agreement), and the otolaryngologist interpretation and tympanometry yielded a kappa statistic of 0.32 (fair agreement).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Otitis media is the most common disease seen by practicing general pediatricians, but there is a paucity of formalized resident education. We demonstrated only a slight to moderate correlation between the clinical diagnostic examinations of pediatric residents and pediatric otolaryngologists and tympanometry.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Theodore C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Sectish
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Kay W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Anna H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Messner
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D019720:Otoscopes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards