title: Motives for exercise participation as predictors of exercise dependence among endurance athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate whether motives for exercise participation predicted exercise dependence (ED) among endurance athletes. The rationale for the study centred upon a test of the affect regulation model utilising constructs that form part of the Self-Determination Theory as predictors of ED. It was hypothesised that non self-determined motivation, specifically external regulation, would be predictive of ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  correlational design, with a time gap between predictor and dependent variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  competitive sports environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  188 competitive endurance athletes were recruited from amateur sports clubs.
  
  
  METHODS
  none.
  
  
  METHODS
  the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire was administered before a training session to measure the predictor variables (motives for exercise participation), and the Running Addiction Scale was administered before a similar training session, one week later, to measure the dependent variable (ED).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor variable of ED was introjected regulation (beta=0.29, p<0.001), followed by identified regulation (beta=0.19, p<0.05). External regulation and intrinsic motivation were weak and non-significant predictors. The total variance in ED explained by the exercise participation motives was 15% (R(2)= 0.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED was predicted by motives that did not support the tenets of the affect regulation model. Results are discussed in light of the potential influence of exercise participation motives on ED and their implications for intervention strategies and diagnosis of the ED syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, De Montfort University, Bedford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Karageorghis
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Vlachopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D010551:Personality; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires