title: Specialist neurocritical care and outcome from head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the effect of neurocritical care, delivered by specialist staff and based on protocol-driven therapy aimed at intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets, on outcome in acute head injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record review to compare presentation, therapy and outcome in patients with head injury referred to a regional neurosurgical centre, before and after establishment of protocol-driven therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurosciences Critical Care Unit (NCCU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eighty-five patients aged 18-65 years with at least one reactive pupil, referred with a diagnosis of head injury, requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients from the two epochs were well matched for admission Glasgow Coma Scale and extracranial injuries. When all referred patients were considered, institution of protocol-driven therapy was not associated with a statistically significant increase in favourable outcomes (56.0% vs. 66.4%). However, we observed a significant increase in favourable outcomes in the severely head injured patients studied (40.4% vs. 59.6%). The proportion of favourable outcomes was also high (66.6%) in those presenting with evidence of raised ICP in the absence of a mass lesion and (60.0%) in those that required complex interventions to optimise ICP/CPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specialist neurocritical care with protocol-driven therapy is associated with a significant improvement in outcome for all patients with severe head injury. Such management may also benefit patients requiring no surgical therapy, some of whom may need complex therapeutic interventions. We found it impossible to predict need for such interventions from clinical features at presentation. These data suggest that specialist critical care with ICP/CPP guided therapy may benefit patients with severe head injury.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Hiren C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tebbs
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hawker
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013038:Specialization; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome