title: Perspective-taking and comprehension of passive sentences by Japanese-speaking children.
abstract: This study demonstrates that children's difficulties in the interpretation of passives are attributed to their perspective-taking ability. Thirty-six Japanese preschool children participated in act-out sentence comprehension tasks. They were asked to manipulate two toy animals to demonstrate the meaning of two types of stimulus sentences: Type I had the child's toy, whose reference involved the child's actual name (e.g.. Jun-kun no neko "Jun's cat") encoded as grammatical subject, while Type II had the child's toy encoded as non-subject. Since passive structures take the perspective of the patient-denoting subject NP, it is assumed that only Type I passives have the perspective that matches that of the child. The results show that children's performance on passives was significantly better in Type I than in Type II sentences. But this difference was not observedfor active sentences. For those who showed (nearly) perfect performance on active sentences, only Type I passives were equally well understood. These results strongly suggest that perspective-taking difficulties mask children's true competence on passives and that even 6-year-olds may not yet have attained the fill perspective-taking ability required for comprehension of passive sentences.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan. takaaki@cc.kyoto-su.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D013067:Speech Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior