title: Intracerebroventricular choline increases plasma vasopressin and augments plasma vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation and hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of choline (50-150 microg), a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, produced a time-and dose-dependent increase in plasma vasopressin levels in conscious, freely moving rats. The increase in plasma vasopressin in response to i.c.v. choline (150 microg) was inhibited by pretreatment with the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine (50 microg; i.c.v.), but not by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (10 microg; i.c.v). The choline-induced rise in plasma vasopressin levels was greatly attenuated by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 20 microg; i.c.v.), a neuronal choline uptake inhibitor. Choline (50 or 150 microg; i.c.v.) produced a much greater increase in plasma vasopressin levels in osmotically stimulated or hemorrhaged rats than in normal rats. Choline (150 microg; i.c.v.) also enhanced plasma vasopressin response to graded hemorrhage; the enhancing effect of choline was also attenuated by HC-3 (20 microg; i.c.v.). Choline and acetylcholine concentrations in hypothalamic dialysates increased significantly following i.c.v. injection of choline (150 microg). It is concluded that choline increases plasma vasopressin levels by stimulating central nicotinic receptors indirectly, through the enhancement of acetylcholine synthesis and release, and augments the ability of osmotic stimulations or hemorrhage to stimulate vasopressin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vahide
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savci
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goktalay
authors.forename: Ismail H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ulus
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006426:Hemicholinium 3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D014667:Vasopressins; D006426:Hemicholinium 3; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine