title: In vitro and in vivo assays of 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi.
abstract: Cytotoxicity assays of 24 new 3,5-disubstituted-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-2-thione derivatives were performed. The 17 compounds with higher anti-epimastigote activity and lower cytotoxicity were, thereafter, screened against amastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi. Out of these 17 derivatives S-2d was selected to be assayed in vivo, because of its remarkable trypanocidal properties. To determine toxicity against J774 macrophages, a method based on quantification of cell damage, after 24 h, was used. Cell respiration, an indicator of cell viability, was assessed by the reduction of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] to formazan. Anti-amastigote activity was estimated after 48 h by microscopic counts of May Grünwald-Giemsa-stained monolayers. Nifurtimox and benznidazole were used as reference drugs. For the in vivo experiences, mice were infected with 10(4) blood trypomastigotes and then treated during 15 days with S-2d or nifurtimox by oral route. All of the compounds were highly toxic at 100 micro g/ml for macrophages and a few of them maintained this cytotoxicity even at 10 microg/ml. Of the derivatives assayed against amastigotes 3k and S-2d showed an interesting activity, that was held even at 1microg/ml. It is demonstrated that the high anti-epimastigote activity previously reported is mainly due to the non-specific toxicity of these compounds. In vivo assays assessed a reduction of parasitemia after administration of S-2d to infected mice.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muelas
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Escario
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Barrio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D013829:Thiadiazines