title: Simultaneous determination of eight beta-blockers by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with combined ultraviolet and fluorescence detection in corneal permeability studies in vitro.
abstract: A gradient HPLC method with combined ultraviolet and fluorescence detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight beta-blockers (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol and timolol) in corneal permeability studies in vitro. Fluorescence detection with excitation wavelength at 230 nm and emission at 302 nm was selective for six of the compounds, whereas UV detection at 205 nm was able to detect all the compounds. Calibration was performed with fluorescence detection for six compounds from 50 or 200 nM to 3 microM, and with UV detection for all the eight compounds from 100 or 200 nM to 30 microM. With optimized fluorescence detection, detection limits between 0.7 and 1.3 nM (0.035-0.065 pmol per 50 microl injection) were obtained for atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol and sotalol. A mixture of eight beta-blockers was used in cassette dosing permeability studies with a cultured corneal epithelium. The HPLC method revealed marked differences in the permeation between hydrophilic and lipophilic beta-blockers through the corneal epithelial cell culture model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. velipekka.ranta@uku.fi
authors.forename: Veli-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ranta
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toropainen
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talvitie
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auriola
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists