title: Difficult cases in heart failure: beneficial effects of aldosterone blockade in heart failure.
abstract: The authors describe the use of spironolactone, an aldosterone receptor blocker, in a patient with heart failure refractory to conventional therapy. The clinical importance of this case is that not only does spironolactone improve symptoms, but its use also improves survival in patients with severe heart failure. Clinicians should be aware that this therapy has to be added to the medical armamentarium for patients with severe heart failure. In addition, it is important to point out that the use of the aldosterone receptor blockers and their beneficial effects in morbidity and mortality in heart failure has helped to understand more clearly the relationship between aldosterone and its importance in the pathophysiology of heart failure. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Smart