title: Incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea following pharyngeal flap surgery in patients with cleft palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated with pharyngeal flap surgery in patients with cleft palate at least 6 months postoperatively and to determine whether age or the flap width had an effect on them. The hypothesis tested in this study was that the severity of OSA associated with pharyngeal flap surgery is greater in children than in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adults, six men and four women, with a mean age of 28.0 years at pharyngeal flap (adult group). Twenty-eight children, 13 boys and 15 girls, with a mean age of 6.3 years at pharyngeal flap (child group).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An overnight polysomnographic study was used to determine the incidence and severity of OSA 6 months after pharyngeal flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of OSA following pharyngeal flap was high but not significantly different between these two groups (90% in adults and 93% in children, p = 1.000). When OSA was stratified into different levels of severity according to the values of respiratory disturbance index, there were noticeable differences between these two groups (p =.022). In the adult group, eight patients (89%) had mild OSA and 1 patient (11%) had moderate to severe OSA. In the child group, 11 patients (42%) were found to have mild OSA, and 15 patients (58%) had moderate to severe OSA. No relation was found between the flap width and the incidence (p =.435 in adults and.640 in children) or the severity (p =.325 in adults and.310 in children) of OSA in each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months following pharyngeal flap surgery, more than 90% of the patients with cleft palate still had OSA. The severity of OSA associated with pharyngeal flap surgery tended to be greater in children than in adults. The flap width was unrelated to the incidence and severity of OSA, no matter in adults or in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ming-Lung
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Philip K T
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ning-Hung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Chiung-Shing
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery