title: Simultaneous determination of fuel oxygenates and BTEX using direct aqueous injection gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DAI-GC/MS).
abstract: A direct aqueous injection-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (DAI-GC/MS) method for trace analysis of gasoline components in water is presented. The method allows for the simultaneous quantification of the following solutes: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), its major degradation products (tert-butyl formate, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), methyl acetate, and acetone), and possible substitutes of MTBE as an octane enhancer in gasoline (tert-amyl methyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether) as well as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX). No enrichment or pretreatment steps are required, and sample volumes of only 50 microL are needed for analysis. The detection limits in two different matrixes (spiked lake water and contaminated groundwater) are < or = 2 microg/L for most analytes and < 0.2 microg/L for MTBE, benzene, and toluene. The accuracy of the DAI-GC/MS method was excellent as determined from comparison with headspace-GC/MS and purge-and-trap-GC/MS. The DAI-GC/MS method has been applied to various environmental studies, which demonstrated its versatility. The applications comprised both laboratory (MTBE degradation in water treatment, quantification of polar gasoline components) and field (MTBE degradation ata gasoline spill site) investigations.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zwank
authors.forename: Torsten C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Stefan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haderlein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis*; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D002273:Carcinogens; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D005742:Gasoline; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014992:Xylenes; C043243:methyl tert-butyl ether; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene; C004912:ethylbenzene