title: Minimally invasive functional reconstruction after extended oropharyngeal resection including soft palate and base of tongue using a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.
abstract: Excision of large oropharyngeal carcinomas that affect the base of the tongue and the soft palate severely impairs swallowing and articulation. In the present study we describe a minimally invasive technique that effectively restores swallowing and articulation by the insertion of a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap with a bilobular skin island. One lobe of the skin island is used to reconstruct the base of the tongue and the other to reconstruct the oropharynx. The soft palate is reconstructed by folding the tip of the lobe that is used to reconstruct the oropharynx in half along the long axis to fill the rhinopharynx. We have done this procedure for 13 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Six months postoperatively all 13 were able to swallow without aspiration. Nine of the 13 patients were able to hold a normal conversation, but the remaining four had severe rhinolalia aperta. However, this condition was easily corrected by secondary reconstruction using a pharyngeal flap and a palatal mucoperiosteal flap (n = 3) or by the use of a small speech aid (n = 1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume-Shi, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanaga
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery*