title: Expression of p57/Kip2 protein in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of the biological character of carcinomas requires understanding of cell cycle regulators. P57 (Kip2) belongs to the Cip/Kip family and is known to be one of the universal negative regulators of cell cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, therefore, we investigated p57 expression in 37 extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas (BDC) and 28 intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average p57 labeling index (LI) in BDC and CCC were 60.8 +/- 7.9 and 58.6 +/- 18.6, respectively, which were significantly lower (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0408, respectively) than those in normal duct epithelia (73.1 +/- 7.9, 70.4 +/- 8.2). p57 LI was significantly lower in BDC and CCC cases with biological aggressive phenotypes such as poor differentiation (p = 0.0260 and p = 0.0069), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0274 and p = 0.0214), high Ki-67 LI (p = 0.0164 and p = 0.0343) and cyclin D1 overexpression (p = 0.0359 and p = 0.0255).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that decreased p57 expression is related to the increased activity of cell proliferation and also the progression of these carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Osaka Seamen's Insurance Hospital, 1-8-30, Chikko, Minato-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.forename: Terumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Shingi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaoka
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: Nariaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493964:CDKN1C protein, human; D050761:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1