title: Effect of local anaesthetic combined with wound cauterisation on the cortisol response to dehorning in calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reassess whether local anaesthesia before dehorning and wound cauterisation after dehorning eliminates the cortisol response to dehorning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A control group was compared with three dehorned groups (dehorned alone, dehorned after local anaesthesia, dehorned after local anaesthesia then cautery of the amputation wounds). The local anaesthetic regimen used produced nerve blockade for about 5 h. Blood samples were taken before and after dehorning and plasma cortisol concentrations were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dehorning caused a marked cortisol response lasting for about 7 h. Local anaesthetic reduced the plasma cortisol concentrations to control values for 5 h, after which they increased for a further 5 h. Subsequently in both groups, cortisol concentrations remained at control values until at least 24 h after treatment. Local anaesthetic combined with wound cautery virtually abolished the cortisol response until at least 24 h after dehorning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining local anaesthesia with cautery of the amputation wounds substantially reduced the cortisol response until at least 24 h after dehorning.
authors.affiliation: Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002425:Cautery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006733:Horns / Q000601:surgery*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D002045:Bupivacaine