Purinergic dysfunction in mania: an integrative model.
The purinergic system, which includes the anticonvulsant and antikindling neuromodulator adenosine and the neurotransmitter ATP, modulates second messenger systems, neurotransmitters, energy metabolism and different behaviors, such as sleep, motor activity, cognition, memory, aggressive behavior and social interaction. At the same time, mania is characterized by similar behavioral changes and a molecular basis to explain the pathological activation observed during manic episodes has been also associated with second messenger systems dysfunction and kindling. This hypothesis put forward an integrative model of neuronal communication, associating a reduced adenosinergic activity, mostly at A1 receptors, with the complex network of changes on neurotransmitters pathways related to manic behavior.
Machado-Vieira
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R
Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. rvieira@pro.via-rs.com.br
Lara
D R
DR
Souza
D O
DO
Kapczinski
F
F
D000241:Adenosine / Q000502:physiology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014970:Xanthines / Q000009:adverse effects
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D014970:Xanthines; D014527:Uric Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000241:Adenosine