Operant reward learning in Aplysia: neuronal correlates and mechanisms.
Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning through which an animal learns about the consequences of its behavior. Here, we report an appetitive operant conditioning procedure in Aplysia that induces long-term memory. Biophysical changes that accompanied the memory were found in an identified neuron (cell B51) that is considered critical for the expression of behavior that was rewarded. Similar cellular changes in B51 were produced by contingent reinforcement of B51 with dopamine in a single-cell analog of the operant procedure. These findings allow for the detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular processes underlying operant conditioning.
Brembs
Björn
B
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Lorenzetti
Fred D
FD
Reyes
Fredy D
FD
Baxter
Douglas A
DA
Byrne
John H
JH
D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000294:innervation; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005502:Food; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008568:Memory; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward
D004298:Dopamine