title: Rapid assessment of marine pollution using multiple biomarkers and chemical immunoassays.
abstract: To fully assess the impact of pollutant releases into the environment, it is necessary to determine both the concentration of chemicals accumulating in biota and the biological effects they give rise to. Owing to time, expertise, and cost constraints, this is, however, rarely achieved. Here, quick, simple to perform, and inexpensive biomarkers and chemical immunoassays were combined in a rapid assessment approach to measure exposure to and effects of organic and metal pollutants on the ribbed mussel (Geukensia demmissa) from New Bedford Harbor, MA. Significant differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) tissue residue concentrations were detected among sites using RaPID immunoassay. Selected analyses were verified using GC/MS. No significant differences were observed in metal concentrations (Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Ni) throughout the area. While causality cannot be attributed, multivariate canonical correlation analysis indicated that PCB and PAH concentrations were strongly associated with the induction of biomarkers of genotoxicity (micronucleus formation), immunotoxicity (spontaneous cytotoxicity), and physiological impairment (heart rate). It is concluded thatthe incorporation of chemical immunoassays with biological monitoring tools into routine management procedures is clearly viable and valuable as a means of identifying toxic impacts of pollutants on biota in situ.
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Environmental Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, UK. tgalloway@plymouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tamara S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sanger
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fillmann
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Readman
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Depledge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls