title: Effects of walking or resistance training on weight loss maintenance in obese, middle-aged men: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether walking or resistance training improves weight maintenance after weight loss when added to dietary counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two months' weight reduction with very-low-energy-diet (VLED) followed by randomization into three groups (control, walking, resistance training) for 6 months' weight maintenance (WM) program and 23 months' unsupervised follow-up. During VLED and WM all groups received similar dietary counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main inclusion criteria were BMI >30 kg/m(2), waist>100 cm and physical inactivity (exercise < or = once a week). Ninety healthy, obese (mean BMI 32.9 kg/m(2) and waist 112.5 cm), 35-50 y-old men started the study and 68 were measured at the end of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight and body composition assessed by underwater weighing. Exercise diaries and dietary records to assess energy balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During VLED the mean body weight decreased from 106.0 (s.d. 9.9) kg to 91.7 (9.4) kg. Weight was regained mostly during follow-up and in the end of the study the mean weight in groups was 99.9-102.0 kg. Exercise training did not improve short or long-term weight maintenance when compared to the control group. However, resistance training attenuated the regain of body fat mass during WM (P=0.0l), but not during follow-up. In the combined groups the estimated total energy expenditure (EE) of reported physical activity was associated with less weight regain during WM. EE of 10.1 MJ/week was associated with maintaining weight after weight loss. EE of physical activity tended to decrease after WM in exercise groups due to poor long-term adherence to prescribed exercise. Energy intake seemed to increase during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training of moderate dose did not seem to improve long-term weight maintenance because of poor adherence to prescribed exercise.
authors.affiliation: UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland. patrik.borg@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kukkonen-Harjula
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fogelholm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D016138:Walking; D015431:Weight Loss