title: Effects of daily variation in outdoor particulates and ambient acid species in normal and asthmatic children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that the respiratory health of children may be adversely affected by daily variation in outdoor pollutants, particularly ozone and particulates. However, data from the UK are sparse and the contribution of different particulate fractions and acid species, together with the identification of those individuals most at risk, are not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty two 9 year old children were enrolled from two inner city locations and recorded daily symptoms and twice daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) over 8 week periods in the winter and summer. Their results were analysed with daily pollutant levels at appropriate lags using regression models which corrected for trends, weather, pollen, and autocorrelation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pollutant levels were generally low, especially in the summer. Multiple statistically significant associations were noted between health outcomes and pollutant concentrations, but no consistent patterns in identified effects were apparent between pollutants, lags, direction of observed effect, or location. There was no evidence to suggest that subgroups with atopy or pre-existing wheeze are more sensitive to pollutant effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not suggest that adverse health outcomes are associated with daily variations in pollutants [corrected]. No evidence was found to indicate that particulates or individual acid and anion species are more closely related to adverse health outcomes than other pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public and Environmental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D014504:Urban Health; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000393:Air Pollutants