title: Development and validation of a questionnaire for the assessment of bowel and lower urinary tract symptoms in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a simple but sensitive instrument to evaluate and document symptoms of both bowel and urinary dysfunction in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 22-item questionnaire covering a range of bowel and urinary symptoms was developed and underwent rigorous psychometric testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gynaecology departments of three hospitals, a urogynaecology clinic, a functional bowel clinic and a general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and thirty women, comprising four groups: 1. women awaiting hysterectomy (n = 379), 2. women following hysterectomy (n = 45), 3. women referred with functional bowel and/or urinary symptoms (n = 65), 4. asymptomatic controls (n = 141).
  
  
  METHODS
  The content, construct and criterion validity, internal consistency, reliability and responsiveness of the questionnaire were measured. RESULTS Peer and patient reports and missing data patterns supported face and content validity. Factor analysis showed a clinically relevant four-factor structure with low content replication able to distinguish between patient groups, indicating good internal structure. Comparison with clinical, anorectal physiological, videoproctographic, transit time and urodynamic test results provide provisional indication of criterion validity. Key domain question analysis and Cronbach's alphas showed internal consistency. Kappa values demonstrated good test-retest reliability and key question correlation over time proved responsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the suitability, clinical validity, reliability and responsiveness of a simple questionnaire, which is sensitive to the constraints of clinical practice. The authors recommend its use in health care evaluation research assessing the effects of pelvic surgery and as a useful tool in comparing treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Edgbaston, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radley
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Radley
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pretlove
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Salaman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*