title: The effect of GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) on doxorubicin induced tissue necrosis and wound healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) on tissue necrosis and ulceration induced with doxorubicin extravasation was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Wistar-Albino rats (n=36) were used in the study. Doxorubicin (0.4mg/300 g) was applied subcutaneously to abdominal wall. In group I (n=18), half hours after doxorubicin injection, GM-CSF 6 microg/300 mg was applied subcutaneously to the same localization. In group II (n = 18) same amount of physiologic saline (0.5 ml) were given subcutaneously to the injection site (as vehicle control groups). Group II and I were examined for induration or ulceration on 7th and 21st day. After evaluating the lesions, the injection sites were excised. Hydroxyproline (5-HP) values of dry tissue samples were calculated and histopathologic examination was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At day seven there were four and eight ulceration in groups I and II, while there were four and 14 ulceration in the second evaluation at day 21st (p<0.05). 5-HP values of the groups were as follows. 97.43+/-20.39 in group land 91.34+/-22.26 in group II. Although there was an increase in epithelization, eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration and mast cell number in group I in histopathologic examinations only the increase in angiogenesis in group I was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that GM-CSF may have beneficial effect in the treatment of doxorubicin induced tissue necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eroglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Altuntas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delibas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Candir
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agalar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006909:Hydroxyproline