title: Passive patients: a challenge to psychiatric nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychiatric patients' participation in their care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe psychiatric patients' participation in their own care in a hospital environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by videotaping different nursing situations (n = 10) and recording interviews of the patients (n = 16), nurses (n = 29), and nursing students (n = 7) afterward. Deductive content analysis techniques were used to analyze the written data, using the following categories of psychiatric patients' participation as a theoretical framework: passive recipient, responsible recipient, and responsible participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 64% of the patients were passive recipients of care, 22% were responsible recipients, and 14% were responsible participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' participation as responsible participants in their care provides a foundation for better collaboration, listening to the patient, participatory dialogue, and resource recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Health Science, University of Oulu, Finland. eila.latvala@oulu.fi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latvala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janhonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moring
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D009042:Motivation; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010358:Patient Participation; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D011613:Psychotherapy