title: Age dissociates recency and lag recency effects in free recall.
abstract: The temporal relations among word-list items exert a powerful influence on episodic memory retrieval. Two experiments were conducted with younger and older adults in which the age-related recall deficit was examined by using a decomposition method to the serial position curve, partitioning performance into (a) the probability of first recall, illustrating the recency effect, and (b) the conditional response probability, illustrating the lag recency effect (M. W. Howard & M. J. Kahana, 1999). Although the older adults initiated recall in the same manner in both immediate and delayed free recall, temporal proximity of study items (contiguity) exerted a much weaker influence on recall transitions in older adults. This finding suggests that an associative deficit may be an important contributor to older adults' well-known impairment in free recall.
authors.affiliation: Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA. kahana@brandeis.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kahana
authors.forename: Marc W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaromb
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wingfield
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011939:Mental Recall; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D011337:Probability Learning; D011930:Reaction Time; D012660:Semantics; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014936:Word Association Tests