title: Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism: importance of an early hyperbaric oxygenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the time period before hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBO) and clinical outcome in patients with iatrogenic cerebral air embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study in a hyperbaric chamber and medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with air embolism from 1980 to 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrieved the cases of 86 patients who benefited from an identical HBO and analyzed the relationship between the time period before HBO and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients treated with HBO less than 6 h had a better outcome than those treated later. In patients treated within this delay the cause was venous air embolism in 84% and arterial air embolism in only 16% of cases. After this delay the cause was venous air embolism (53%) and arterial air embolism (47%). Patients with venous air embolism and recovery had a shorter delay than patients with sequelae or death (2 h 15 min vs. 4 h). Patients with venous air embolism treated less than 6 h had a better outcome than those treated later. In patients with arterial air embolism the time period before HBO was longer than in venous air embolism (8 h vs. 3 h) and the outcome worse (recovery in 35% vs. 67%). In patients with arterial air embolism no difference in the time period was found between patients with recovery and sequelae or death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We stress the beneficial effect of an early HBO in air embolism, the importance of an increased awareness of physicians concerned with this severe complication, and the need to develop techniques to detect air emboli in the cerebral circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sainte Clotilde Clinic and Intensive Care Unit, Felix Guyon Hospital, Saint Denis, Réunion Island, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boussuges
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriette
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sainty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deleflie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome