title: Interference during the use of an electromagnetic tracking system under OR conditions.
abstract: Many computer-assisted surgery applications use electromagnetic tracking devices and several sources of interference may reduce the accuracy of this type of system in clinical situations. This study aims to quantify interference sources in an operating room (OR) and determine if their impact on the tracking system is excessive for applications requiring millimetric accuracy. Electromagnetic noise levels were measured in a controlled environment and compared with measurements in an OR. Errors generated by this noise remained below the 0.15mm RMS level. OR equipment was also brought in proximity to the electromagnetic receivers and the errors generated by the ensuing interference were measured. Ferromagnetic and electrical devices can produce large interference (translation errors up to 8.4mm RMS and rotation up to 166 degrees ). However, these devices can be identified and placed at sufficient distances to decrease the magnitude of their interference. In conclusion, in the absence of significant ferromagnetic or electromagnetic distortion caused by equipment often present in an OR, this electromagnetic tracking system provides valid relative measurements with millimetric accuracy to computer-assisted surgical applications. This distortion can be reduced by maximizing the distances to the interfering OR equipment and integrating noise-reducing algorithms in associated software.
authors.affiliation: ORTHOsoft Inc., 75, Queen Street, Suite 3300, Montréal (Québec), Canada H3C 2N6. francois.poulin@orthosoft.ca
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.forename: L-P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Amiot
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002138:Calibration; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008670:Metals; D009068:Movement; D009873:Operating Rooms; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008670:Metals; C001215:ferrite