title: Is there a role for balloon dilatation of pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of balloon dilatation with double J stenting in the management of children with pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of a 4-year experience of PUJ balloon dilatation in children was conducted in a single unit. Information was collected on patient demographics, clinical presentation, the procedure of balloon dilatation, renal function, and antero-posterior renal pelvis diameter both pre- and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 10 patients with a median age of 12.5 years (range, 21 months to 15 years). Four cases presented with ipsilateral flank pain, 3 with urinary tract infection, and 3 were discovered incidentally. Retrograde dilation was performed in all cases. Dilation was considered an initial success in 8 of 10 cases, and 1 patient deteriorated after 17 months. Double J stents were placed in all cases and remained in situ for a median of 7.5 weeks (range, 7 to 8.5). Median in-hospital stay was 2 days. Median follow-up was 34 months (range, 7 to 48). Ipsilateral renal excretion times (on MAG III isotope scanning) improved markedly from a median of 84 minutes (range 13 to 200) preoperatively to 7 minutes (range, 1 to 200) at 3 months and 7 minutes (range 1 to 113) at 12 months postoperatively. Median pelvic AP diameter reduced from 30 mm (range 22 to 74) to 16 mm (range, 8 to 36) at 2 months and 10 mm (range, 4 to 41) at 7 months. There were 2 immediate failed procedures, both occurred in patients who went on to open pyeloplasty and were found to have aberrant renal vessels causing extrinsic PUJ compression. One child deteriorated between 10 and 17 months and went on to open pyeloplasty. Twenty-two patients underwent open pyeloplasty in the unit during the same time period with a 95% success rate. Median stay was longer at 5 days and median age younger at 22 months (range, 6 weeks to 13 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon dilatation is a viable option in the management of PUJ obstruction, carrying minimal morbidity in experienced hands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, , Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Youngson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahomed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*