title: Prolonged nuclear retention of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 is required for hepatocyte growth factor-induced cell motility.
abstract: We examined the signaling pathway by which hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces cell motility, with special focus on the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the nucleus. We used Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing ERK2 because of their prominent motility response to HGF. HGF stimulation of the cells induces not only a rapid, marked, and sustained activation and rapid nuclear accumulation of ERK1/2, but also a prolonged nuclear retention of the activated ERK1/2. Interruption of the ERK1/2 activation by PD98059 treatment of the cells 30 min after HGF stimulation abolishes the HGF-induced cell motility. Enforced cytoplasmic retention of the activated ERK1/2 by the expression of an inactive form of MKP-3 cytoplasmic phosphatase inhibits the cell motility response. Although epidermal growth factor stimulation of the cells induces the activation and nuclear accumulation of ERK1/2, it does not induce the prolonged nuclear retention of the activated ERK1/2, and fails to induce cell motility. In the nucleus, activated ERK1/2 continuously phosphorylate Elk-1, leading to the prolonged expression of c-fos, which results in the expression of several genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9; MMP-9 activity is required for the induction of the cell motility response. Our results indicate that the sustained activity of ERK1/2 in the nucleus is required for the induction of HGF-induced cell motility.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Kei-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases