title: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces visual field defect after macular hole surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the serious complications that may arise after macular hole (MH) surgery is a temporal visual fields (TVF) defect. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy improves the visual field (VF) in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitrectomy for MH was performed on 73 eyes from 1994 to 1997. TVF defect was detected in 19 eyes and, of that 19, 12 patients were followed. Seven patients were treated with HBO therapy and 5 were controls. HBO was performed for approximately 110 minutes a day with 100% oxygen inhalation and a maximum of 2.8 atmospheric pressure. This continued for 20 days. The preoperative VF determined by kinetic perimetry was considered to be 100%, and the VF following HBO therapy was compared with that standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected VF defect (postoperative VF area average 71.9+/-12.8% of the preoperative VF). In all 5 patients who had no HBO therapy, TVF defects remained, while the TVF recovered remarkably in all patients treated with HBO therapy. The VF recovered to 81.7+/-16.7% of the preoperative VF after 3 days of HBO, and to 91.6+/-15.8% months after HBO therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculated that the cause of TVF defect is likely to be chorioretinal circulation disturbance during surgery, and that HBO activates the retinal cells and improves VF. We conclude that HBO is useful in the treatment of TVF defect after macular hole surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko Mera
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kurok
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amemiya
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014794:Visual Fields