title: Polyurethane-covered self-expandable nitinol stent for malignant biliary obstruction: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immediate and long-term results in ten patients with malignant biliary obstruction using a polyurethane-covered, self-expandable nitinol stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nitinol stent, fully covered with high-elasticity polyurethane, with an unconstrained diameter of 10 mm and a total length of 60-80 mm, was placed transhepatically under fluoroscopic guidance in ten patients. The length of the biliary obstruction varied between 30-50 mm. The follow-up examination included a clinical assessment, serum bilirubin measurement, and ultrasound examinations at one-month intervals in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial stent deployment was successful in eight patients. Two patients experienced proximal migration, which was solved by insertion of two, uncovered Wallstents. One patient had the stent removed after two weeks because of severe nausea and vomiting. One patient had delayed migration of the covered stent after 40 weeks. The follow-up duration was 3-40 weeks (Mean: 16.9 weeks). Seven patients died (3-26 weeks) and three patients survived (24-40 weeks). The bilirubin measurements in all patients had significantly decreased one week after stent insertion. The levels of amylase and lipase had did not increase after stent insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A polyurethane-covered, self-expandable nitinol stent can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction. The preliminary results are favorable, but there is a need for further large studies to determine both long-term survival and patency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 634-18, Keumam Dong, Chonju City, 560-182, South Korea. ymhan@chonbuk.ac.kr
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seung-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Soo-Teik
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gyung-Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000497:Alloys; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003137:Common Bile Duct Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D011140:Polyurethanes; C013616:nitinol