title: VIP and PACAP inhibit L-, N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels of parasympathetic neurons in a voltage independent manner.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-38 (PACAP) on the voltage-gated calcium currents in hamster submandibular ganglion neurons. VIP and PACAP inhibited the high threshold voltage-gated calcium current in a voltage-independent and a concentration-dependent manner via the G protein-mediated pathway. L-, N- and P/Q-type components of the total maximum voltage-gated calcium current accounted for 48.0 +/- 3.1% (n = 4), 35.1 +/- 4.7% (n = 4), and 13.5 +/- 2.3% (n = 3) of the total peak amplitude, respectively. VIP at a concentration of 1 microM inhibited the L-type calcium current by 33.2% +/- 1.4% (n = 4), the N-type current by 31.0 +/- 3.6%, and the P/Q-type current by 3.2 +/- 1.1% (n = 3). PACAP at a concentration of 1 microM inhibited the L-type current by 35.6 +/- 5.7%, the N-type current by 34.4 +/- 3.1% (n = 4), and the P/Q-type current by 6.4 +/- 2.1% (n = 2). However, VIP and PACAP did not inhibit the low threshold voltage-gated (T-type) calcium current. The rank order of potency was PACAP > VIP. In experiments replacing GTP with GDP-beta-S, the inhibitory effects of VIP and PACAP were prevented. In experiments of double-pulse protocol, depolarizing conditioning pulses could not relieve the inhibition of total high threshold voltage-gated calcium currents produced by VIP and PACAP. Therefore, the inhibition of the high threshold voltage-gated calcium channels produced by VIP and PACAP in hamster parasympathetic neurons differed in its mechanisms from that of N-type calcium channels in rat sympathetic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentarou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibukawa
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000502:physiology*; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051381:Rats; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000294:innervation*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D013873:Thionucleotides; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; C023427:guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate); D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins