title: Mechanisms underlying the contraction induced by bradykinin in the guinea pig epithelium-denuded trachea.
abstract: This study investigates some of the mechanisms by which bradykinin (BK) triggers contraction of epithelium-denuded strips of guinea pig trachea (GPT). Cumulative or single additions of BK, T-BK, L-BK, or ML-BK in the presence of captopril (30 microM) produced graded GPT contractions with the following rank order of potency (EC50 level): T-BK (31.3 nM) > BK (40.0 nM) > L-BK (56.0 nM) > ML-BK (77.0 nM). BK-induced contraction (100 nM) in GPT was completely inhibited by either HOE 140 or NPC 17731 with mean IC50 values of 17 and 217 nM, respectively. Addition of BK (100 nM) at 30 min intervals, induced progressive tachyphylaxis, which was complete after 4 h. The tachyphylaxis induced by BK was unaffected by L-NOARG (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 100 microM) or valeryl salicylate (a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, 30 microM), but was prevented by a low concentration of indomethacin, diclofenac (non-selective COX inhibitors, 3 nM each) or by NS 398 (a COX-2 inhibitor, 10 nM). Furthermore, higher concentrations of indomethacin, diclofenac, phenidone (a lypooxygenase (LOX) and COX inhibitor), or NS 398, caused graded inhibition of BK-induced contraction, with mean IC50 values of 0.28, 0.08, 46.37, and 0.15 microM, respectively. Together, these results suggest that BK-induced contraction in GPT involves activation of B2 receptors and release of prostanoids from COX-2 pathway. Furthermore, the tachyphylaxis induced by BK was insensitive to the nitric oxide and COX-1 inhibitors, but was prevented by non-selective and selective COX-2 inhibitors, indicating a mediation via COX-2-derived arachidonic acid metabolites.
authors.affiliation: NIQFAR Centre of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valfredo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schlemper
authors.forename: João B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Calixto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001920:Bradykinin