title: Ion suppression effects in liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionisation transport-region collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry with different serum extraction methods for systematic toxicological analysis with mass spectra libraries.
abstract: Ion suppression effects during electrospray-ionsation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) caused by different sample preparation procedures for serum were investigated. This topic is of importance for systematic toxicological analysis for which LC-ESI-MS has been developed with transport-region collision-induced dissociation (ECI-CID) and mass spectra library searching. With continuous postcolumn infusion of two test compounds-codeine and glafenine-the ion suppression effects of extracted biological matrix obtained after a standard liquid-liquid extraction, a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, a protein precipitation method and a combination of precipitation with polymer-based mixed-mode SPE have been investigated. Extracted ion chromatograms of codeine ([M+H](+), m/z 300) and glafenine ([M-H](-), m/z 371) were used for monitoring ion suppression. Severe ion suppression effects for codeine and glafenine were detected in positive and in negative ionisation modes, respectively, in the LC-front peak after serum clean-up with SPE (acid/neutral fraction) and protein precipitation as well as with protein precipitation combined with SPE. Less ion suppression of codeine in positive mode was found with liquid-liquid extraction of serum samples. No ion suppression was detected with the second fraction of the mixed-mode SPE (using RP-C(8) and cation-exchange phase) in both ionisation modes. All suppression effects were caused by polar and unretained matrix components, which were present after extraction and/or protein precipitation. However, no specific ion suppression was seen after elution of the polar LC-front throughout the whole gradient. It could be demonstrated, that ion suppression is not generally present at any retention time when using reversed-phase HPLC with rather long gradient programs, but may play an important role in case of high-throughput LC-MS analysis, when the analyte is not separated from the LC-front, or in flow injection analysis without chromatographic separation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Störtzel
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weinmann
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005897:Glafenine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005897:Glafenine; D003061:Codeine