title: The effect of testing procedure on remember-know judgments.
abstract: Remember-know (R-K) judgments are commonly used to assess conscious recollection of the study episode during recognition. We varied whether participants judged items as R, K, or new (one-step) or first made an old-new judgment and then made the R-K judgment (two-step). The one-step group had a higher R hit rate and K false alarm rate than did the two-step group. In addition, the K responses of the one-step group did not reliably discriminate between old and new items. When a "guess" response category was available, both groups were able to discriminate old and new items using the K response; however, K responses remained more accurate in the two-step condition. R responses appeared to be relatively immune to the effects of testing procedure when the guess category was provided. This suggests that, under some conditions, the R label can reliably indicate a distinct form of recognition memory, suggesting that allowing participants to use a guess response may help them to confine their R-Kjudgments to confidently recognized items. When participants are not given the option of making a guess response, they may use the R-K distinction to indicate the trace strength of the memory.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1563, USA.
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarfatti
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Knowlton
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008568:Memory; D011581:Psychological Tests