title: Ancient pathways programmed by small RNAs.
abstract: Double-stranded RNA can now be used in a wide variety of eukaryotes to suppress the expression of virtually any gene, allowing the rapid analysis of that gene's function, a technique known as RNA interference. But how cells use the information in double-stranded RNA to suppress gene expression and why they contain the machinery to do so remain the subjects of intense scrutiny. Current evidence suggests that RNA interference and other "RNA silencing" phenomena reflect an elaborate cellular apparatus that eliminates abundant but defective messenger RNAs and defends against molecular parasites such as transposons and viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research Building, Room 825, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. phillip.zamore@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Zamore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D043244:Ribonuclease III; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D043244:Ribonuclease III