title: Clinical trial of lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lamivudine therapy is effective for chronic hepatitis B infection in adults. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of lamivudine as a treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with chronic hepatitis B were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either oral lamivudine (3 mg per kilogram of body weight; maximum, 100 mg) or placebo once daily for 52 weeks. The primary end point was virologic response (defined by the absence of serum hepatitis B e antigen and serum HBV DNA) at week 52 of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 403 children screened, 191 were randomly assigned to receive lamivudine and 97 to receive placebo. The rate of virologic response at week 52 was higher among children who received lamivudine than among those who received placebo (23 percent vs. 13 percent, P=0.04). Lamivudine therapy was well tolerated and was also associated with higher rates of seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to hepatitis B e antibody, normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels, and suppression of HBV DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with chronic hepatitis B, 52 weeks of treatment with lamivudine was associated with a significantly higher rate of virologic response than was placebo.
authors.affiliation: of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mizerski
authors.forename: Isabel B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Badia
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Areias
authors.forename: Kathleen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greensmith
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: M Steve
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Etienne M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sokal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase