title: Epidermal powder immunization using non-toxic bacterial enterotoxin adjuvants with influenza vaccine augments protective immunity.
abstract: The non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and E. coli heat-labile toxin mutant proteins with reduced toxicity (LTR72) or no toxicity (LTK63) were used as adjuvants for epidermal powder immunization (EPI) with an influenza vaccine. When administered by EPI, CTB, LTR72 and LTK63 significantly augmented antibody responses to the influenza vaccine and protection against a lethal challenge in a mouse model. The antigen dose could be reduced by 125-fold. These adjuvants were well-tolerated both locally and systemically following EPI. These results suggest that EPI with influenza vaccine and a non-toxic bacterial enterotoxin hold promise for human vaccination.
authors.affiliation: PowderJect Vaccines Inc., 585 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711, USA. dexiang.chen@powderject.com
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ryan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Cherie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Yuh-Fun
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Maa
authors.forename: Lendon G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011208:Powders; D012449:Safety; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011208:Powders