title: Factor Xa releases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) from human vascular smooth muscle cells and stimulates the conversion of pro-MMP-2 to MMP-2: role of MMP-2 in factor Xa-induced DNA synthesis and matrix invasion.
abstract: Pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 (pro-MMP-2) is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We report that activated coagulation factor X (FXa) induces the release of MMP-2 (65 kDa) from human SMCs. In addition, FXa cleaves pro-MMP-2 (72 kDa) into MMP-2. Pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 were determined by gelatin zymography. MMP-2 was generated in conditioned medium containing pro-MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent fashion by FXa (3 to 100 nmol/L). FX at concentrations up to 300 nmol/L was ineffective. The conversion of pro-MMP-2 to MMP-2 was inhibited by a selective FXa inhibitor (DX-9065a) at 3 to 10 micromol/L. There was a concentration-dependent induction of an intermediate MMP-2 form (68 kDa) in lysates of FXa-treated cells. This indicates that cellular mechanisms are involved in FXa-induced conversion of pro-MMP-2. As a possible biological consequence of MMP-2 activation by FXa, DNA synthesis and matrix invasion of SMCs were determined. Both were stimulated by FXa and inhibited by the selective FXa inhibitor DX-9065a and the MMP inhibitor GM 6001 but not by hirudin or aprotinin. It is concluded that stimulation of SMCs by FXa increases the levels of MMP-2 in the extracellular space and that two different mechanisms are involved: release of active MMP-2 and cleavage of secreted pro-MMP-2. Both might contribute to the mitogenic potency of FXa and FXa-stimulated matrix invasion of SMCs.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, UniversitätsKlinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bretschneider
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schrör
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C086910:(2S)-2-(4-(((3S)-1-acetimidoyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)oxy)phenyl)-3-(7-amidino-2-naphtyl)propanoic acid; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011422:Propionates; D004247:DNA; D015951:Factor Xa; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C120487:pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9; C069860:progelatinase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9