title: Total pelvic exenteration with preoperative irradiation for advanced primary and recurrent rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the complication rate, local recurrence rate, and survival after total pelvic exenteration for primary advanced and recurrent rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral university hospital, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 patients who were operated on for primary advanced and 22 for recurrent rectal cancer since 1991; 42 men and 5 women, mean age 64 years (range 44-78). All had preoperative irradiation of 46-50 Gy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of major complications, and actuarial 5-year survival and local recurrence rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients had RO resection in the primary group versus seven in the recurrent group. No R2 resections were done in the primary group compared with four in the recurrent group. Half the primary cases (n = 13) had abdominoperineal resections. Hartmann's procedures were common in both groups (n = 8 in each). Postoperative mortality at 30 days was 4% (n = 2) and in-hospital 13% (n = 6). 18 patients had major complications and 12 were reoperated on. Overall 5-year actuarial survival for 43 patients without distant metastases was 28%-those with primary tumours 36%, and those with recurrent tumours 18%-similar to the figures for RO and R1 resections. Actuarial local recurrence at 5 years for primary cancers was 18% compared with 68% for recurrent cancers, again nearly identical to the figures for R0/R1 operations (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some patients with advanced rectal cancer either primary or recurrent may benefit from simultaneous en-bloc cystectomy. The higher postoperative morbidity and mortality indicate the need for well-defined indications for this procedure and the necessity for thorough preoperative staging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Johan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wiig
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braendengen
authors.forename: Håkon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waehre
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Giercksky
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors