title: Lyme borreliosis and facial paralysis--a prospective analysis of risk factors and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of Lyme borreliosis in patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis with special emphasis on the risk factors that explain the poor outcome of facial paralysis and occurrence of Lyme borreliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 2-year period, we prospectively studied 503 consecutive patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis for the presence of Lyme borreliosis. We screened the patients for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and for symptoms or signs related to Lyme borreliosis. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used for the statistical analysis. Special attention was paid to strict criteria for the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (2.2%) of the 503 patients with facial paralysis had Lyme borreliosis. Fever, headache, pharyngalgia, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, bilateral paralysis, and arthralgia were more common in patients with Lyme borreliosis than in those without it. In the logistic regression modeling the best combination of explanatory variables for predicting the occurrence of Lyme borreliosis included summer season at the onset of facial paralysis, presence of enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and arthralgia. The best combination of explanatory variables to predict the poor outcome of facial paralysis was total paralysis of facial nerves, recurrent facial paralysis, and hyperacusis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lyme borreliosis is an important infectious cause of facial paralysis. In our study, 11 of 503 patients with acute idiopathic facial paralysis had Lyme borreliosis. The screening for serum antibodies in addition to the thorough evaluation of the history of the patient and of the patient's clinical signs or symptoms possibly linked with Lyme borreliosis, are essential when diagnosing Lyme borreliosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltomaa
authors.forename: Ilmari
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pyykkö
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seppälä
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viljanen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies