title: In vitro effects of vanadate on human immune functions.
abstract: Vanadium (V) is an element with wide industrial applications and environmental release. The object of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of high (10(-4) M) and low (10(-7) M) concentrations of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) on cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, cytokine release, CD expression, and granulocyte O2- production. At 10(-4) and 10(-7) M, NaVO3 did not modify PBMC proliferation in the absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). On the other hand, 10(-4) M NaVO3 reduced by -25% the PBMC proliferation in PHA-stimulated cultures, with a significant reduction of the stimulation index (SI) of blastogenesis. Moreover, 10(-4 M NaVO3 significantly reduced the release of IFN-gamma by PHA-stimulated PBMCs, and 10(-7) M NaVO3 significantly enhanced the release of TNF-alpha. In addition, IL-5 release was significantly inhibited by high concentration of sodium metavanadate and significantly enhanced by low concentration of NaVO3. Neither 10(-4) nor 10(-7) M NaVO3 modified the expression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, or CD56+ in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes. Finally, 10(-4) M NaVO3 reduced the granulocyte production of O2- by about 70%, while 10(-7) vanadate reduced its production to a lesser extent. These results show that 10(-4) M NaVO3 exerts inhibitory effects on PBMCs, while at 10(-7) M it exerts a stimulatory action with a slight shift of the immune response towards a Th2-type response. This investigation suggests that environmental V can have important effects on the human immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Section of Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Occupational Medicine, G. D'Annunzio University School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy. digioacc@unich.it
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Gioacchino
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabbioni
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giampaolo
authors.forename: Cosima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schiavone
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Di Sciascio
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: Verna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicola
authors.forename: Niu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boscolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D015848:Interleukin-5; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014638:Vanadates; D007371:Interferon-gamma