title: Platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate production during menstrual cycle in healthy women.
abstract: The incidence of cardiovascular disease among women during their reproductive years is considerably less than in men and this difference decreases after menopause. Since in cultured endothelial cells and in platelets E2 increases nitric oxide (NO) production, it is possible that their cardioprotective effect may be mediated by NO. The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), as a marker of NO production, during menstrual cycle. Fifteen women aged 26-40 yr were studied to evaluate: LH, FSH, E2, P and cGMP on the 5th follicular and 22nd luteal day of the cycle and during the ovulatory period. Platelet cGMP was evaluated in basal condition (3-isobuthyl 1-methylxanthine-IBMX) and with ionomycine (IONO) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LH, FSH, E2 and P demonstrated the typical patterns of ovulatory cycle. During follicular and luteal IBMX, SNP and IONO phase were homogeneous while they increased during the ovulatory period. A correlation between IBMX cGMP and E2 (p<0.002, rs=0.456) was found. In conclusion the data show an increase in platelet cGMP during the ovulatory period and a correlation between E2 and cGMP suggesting that E2 modulates NO production. The cardioprotective effect of E2 may be, at least in part, mediated by the increase in NO production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy. martinavalentino@hotmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martina
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zumpano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Origlia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Pescarmona
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004958:Estradiol; D015759:Ionomycin; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine