title: Participation by African-American adolescent females in social organizations: associations with HIV-protective behaviors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African-American adolescent females are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic in the United States. One important potential, yet understudied, protective influence that may reduce African-American adolescents' HIV risk behavior is their involvement in social organizations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between high-risk African-American adolescent females' activity in social organizations and their recent HIV-associated sexual risk behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sexually active, African-American females (N=522) were recruited from schools and adolescent medicine clinics in low-income neighborhoods of Birmingham, Alabama. Adolescents completed a self-administered survey and face-to-face interview. Adolescents' participation in Black social organizations was assessed. Measures of HIV protective behavior were also assessed. Bivariate analysis was followed by logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents not belonging to social organizations were about 1.6 times more likely to report recent acquiescence to unwanted sex without a condom, 1.9 times more likely to report that their current steady sex partner had other partners, and 1.9 times more likely to score low on the measure of sex-related communication with parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from controlled analyses suggest that community-based Black social organizations may be an important venue for protecting African-American adolescent females from having sex with a partner who has concurrent partners, and from having unwanted sex without a condom. Participation in Black social organizations was also associated with more frequent interaction between adolescents and their parents about sex-related issues such as HIV prevention. Models of HIV prevention that promote community involvement may be an under-utilized intervention modality with high potential impact.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory/Atlanta Center for AIDS Research, Georgia 30322, USA. rcrosby@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Ralph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DiClemente
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wingood
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Suzy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D001741:Black or African American; D000407:Alabama; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D012944:Social Support