title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after rectal administration of hollow-type suppositories containing hCG.
abstract: To determine the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered rectally, we studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hCG using a hollow-type suppository. HCG was not detected in plasma when only hCG was administered rectally, even at a higher dose (4,000 IU/kg body weight) than intravenous injection, because of its low bioavailability due to high molecular weight or degradation by proteolytic activity. To enhance the rectal absorption of hCG, the effectiveness of its coadministration with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CyD), an absorption-enhancing agent, was investigated in male rabbits. HCG was detected in plasma following coadministration of hCG and alpha-CyD (10 mg/kg body weight) into the rectum. The plasma hCG concentration increased with increasing dose of alpha-CyD. The AUC(0-48) observed after coadministration of hCG and alpha-CyD at 30 mg/kg body weight was approximately four times higher than that of hCG and alpha-CyD at 10mg/kg body weight. HCG at a high concentration induced a rapid increase in the plasma testosterone concentration (74.2 +/- 3.4 ng/ml) 2 h after intravenous administration. However, the testosterone concentration 24 h after intravenous administration decreased to the physiological level (approximately 20 ng/ml) which had been observed before such administration. On the other hand, the maximum level of testosterone concentration (40.0 +/- 12.6 ng/ml) was observed 24 h after rectal administration of hCG (400 IU/kg body weight) in combination with alpha-CyD (30 mg/kg body weight). Moreover, the plasma testosterone concentration (31.0 +/- 11.4 ng/ml) obtained 72 h after rectal administration tended to be maintained at a higher level than that (14.4 +/- 0.9ng/ml) observed before the administration. These results suggest that the hollow-type suppository as a rectal delivery system of hCG is promising as a new mode of hCG therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowari
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirosawa
authors.forename: Hirono
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Utoguchi
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013488:Suppositories; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D013488:Suppositories; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; D013739:Testosterone; C032613:alpha-cyclodextrin