title: The effect of perturbation acceleration and advance warning on the neck postural responses of seated subjects.
abstract: The muscle and kinematic responses of subjects exposed to postural perturbations have been shown to vary with platform acceleration when this acceleration was covaried with platform velocity or displacement. The purpose of the current study was to isolate platform acceleration and examine its effect on the neck muscle response and head kinematics of seated subjects exposed to anterior perturbations. Thirty-six subjects (20 females, 16 males) underwent two blocks of 36 perturbations. Three different perturbations with peak accelerations of 7.7, 14.7, and 21.7 m/s(2) up to a common velocity of 0.5 m/s were used. In one block, subjects received an audible warning corresponding to the platform acceleration magnitude, and in the other block, no advance warning was given. Onset and amplitude of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical paraspinal muscle responses were measured using surface electromyography. Kinematic measures included linear and angular accelerations and displacements of the head. The results showed no differences in either the preperturbation posture or the muscle or kinematic responses between the warned and unwarned trials. Significant differences were observed in the onset and amplitude of the muscle and kinematic variables with perturbation acceleration, although these response differences were not linearly graded with perturbation acceleration. Gradation of muscle activation times has not been previously observed in postural perturbation studies, and their gradation with platform acceleration in the current study suggested that platform acceleration was a strong regulator of the reflex muscle response in postural perturbations.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Gunter P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: J Timothy
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Inglis
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D004576:Electromyography; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*