title: Targeted disruption of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 results in alterations in glucose tolerance tests and insulin secretion.
abstract: IA-2 is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies to IA-2 appear years before the development of clinical disease and are being widely used as predictive markers to identify individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes. IA-2 is an enzymatically inactive member of the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase family and is an integral component of secretory granules in neuroendocrine cells. To study its function, we generated IA-2-deficient mice. Northern and Western blot analysis showed that neither IA-2 mRNA nor protein was expressed. Physical examination of the IA-2(- /-) animals and histological examination of tissues failed to reveal any abnormalities. Nonfasting blood glucose levels, measured over 6 months, were slightly elevated in male IA-2(-/-) as compared to IA-2(+ /+) littermates, but remained within the nondiabetic range. Glucose tolerance tests, however, revealed statistically significant elevation of glucose in both male and female IA-2(-/-) mice and depressed insulin release. In vitro glucose stimulation of isolated islets showed that male and female mice carrying the disrupted gene released 48% (P < 0.001) and 42% (P < 0.01) less insulin, respectively, than mice carrying the wild-type gene. We concluded that IA-2 is involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Atsutaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubosaki
authors.forename: Jingping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Abner Louis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Notkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018390:Gene Targeting; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516863:Ptprn protein, mouse; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8