title: Acceptability and tolerance of a low tyrosine and phenylalanine diet in patients with advanced cancer -- a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low phenylalanine (phe) and tyrosine (tyr) diets limit tumour growth in animal models and may offer a novel cancer therapy. We studied the efficacy and acceptability of a low phe and tyr diet in patients with advanced cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced metastatic melanoma (n=22) and metastatic breast cancer (n=15) were invited to follow a low phe and tyr diet (10 mg kg-1 phe and tyr per day) for 1 month. In those individuals who followed the diet for 1 month, we attempted to establish the effects on nutritional status (body weight, fat free mass, percentage body fat, serum albumin), immune cell function (white cell count, lymphocytes and neutrophils), plasma levels of phe-tyr and tryptophan and quality of life (Hospital Anxiety and Depression score).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only three of the 22 patients with metastatic melanoma and three of the 15 patients with metastatic breast cancer agreed to start the diet. All patients experienced problems and side-effects and increases in anxiety and depression. There were declines in weight, with loss of fat and fat free mass but slight increases in white cell counts and neutrophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low phe and tyr diets do not appear to be a viable treatment option for patients with advanced cancer.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medical Oncology, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. m_harvie@fs1.with.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michelle N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Harvie
authors.forename: I T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thatcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014443:Tyrosine; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014364:Tryptophan