title: Correspondence between adolescent report, parent report, and teacher report of manic symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences between source-specific manic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 104 consecutive adolescent outpatient referrals were evaluated for their psychiatric status using a questionnaire based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that was completed by parents, teachers, and youths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately one third of the youths met symptom criteria for mania by at least one informant; however, only 38% of these met such criteria by at least two informants. Youths who had manic symptoms according to two informants were significantly more symptomatic both on mental status exam and in other dimensions of psychopathology than youths who did not have corroborated manic symptoms. Cross-informant agreement was generally poor when symptoms were scored dimensionally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manic symptoms are relatively nonspecific in outpatient samples. Using more than one informant increases the likelihood of selecting subjects with serious and possibly manic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thuppal
authors.forename: Gabrielle A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprafkin
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gadow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index