title: Calcium, vitamin D, and risk of adenoma recurrence (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few data exist regarding the association between calcium intake and adenoma recurrence, and no data exist for vitamin D. We investigated the role of dietary and supplemental sources of calcium and vitamin D in the etiology of adenoma recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses were conducted among 1304 male and female participants in the Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) trial of adenoma recurrence. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the fully adjusted multivariate model, the OR for participants with dietary calcium intake above 1,068 versus those with intake below 698 mg/day was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.39-0.80; p-trend = 0.007). Calcium supplementation at doses above 200 mg/day did not affect risk of recurrence. Although a borderline inverse association between dietary vitamin D and recurrence was observed after adjustment for age and gender, the association weakened in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.78 for individuals in the upper compared to the lower quartile; 95% CI = 0.54-1.13). No association was shown for supplemental sources of vitamin D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study indicate that a higher intake of calcium decreases the risk of adenoma recurrence by approximately 45%, whereas vitamin D has no significant effect on recurrence rates.
authors.affiliation: Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-4024, USA. emartinez@azcc.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sampliner
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium