title: Guidance of percutaneous pulmonary biopsies with real-time CT fluoroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical evaluation of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy and comparison with conventional CT guidance for monitoring of percutaneous pulmonary biopsy procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty CT-guided pulmonary biopsy procedures were conducted. The interventions have prospectively been performed either with CT fluoroscopy or with conventional CT guidance. About 120 kV and 50 mA with a frame-rate of eight images per second were used for CT fluoroscopy. Number of pleural needle passages, procedure times, radiation doses and histologic results were analyzed separately for both methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with conventional CT guidance, CT fluoroscopy was associated with less pleural needle passages (1.8+/-0.6 vs. 1.1+/-0.3; P=0.003, t-test) and procedure times were shorter than for conventional CT guidance (12.7+/-2.2 min vs. 26.7+/-16.4 min; P=0.02). Analysis of estimated patient related radiation exposure and histologic outcome showed no significant difference between conventional and fluoroscopic CT-guided procedures (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT fluoroscopy facilitates guidance of percutaneous pulmonary biopsy procedures. Compared with conventional CT assistance, procedure times are decreased and less pleural needle passages are required. While patient-related radiation exposure is similar, operator-related radiation exposure remains a disadvantage associated with CT fluoroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Philipps-University Hospital, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany. froehlic@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Jens J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Froelich
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishaque
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regn
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saar
authors.forename: Eduard M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Walthers
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed