title: Effects of phase I periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a member of a family of enzymes which are capable of degrading most extracellular matrix macromolecules. Extracellular control of MMPs is exerted by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and by mechanisms of pro-MMP activation. Levels of MMPs and TIMPs change during healing, inflammation, and normal tissue turnover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phase I periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with chronic periodontitis who had sites with probing depths > or = 4 mm and 10 periodontally healthy persons (controls) were included in this study. Clinical measurements including plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indexes, probing depths (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded both at baseline (before treatment, BT) and after phase I periodontal treatment (AT). Assays for MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the clinical conditions significantly improved and GCF volume decreased AT (P<0.05). Levels of MMP-1 were higher in patients BT than in controls (C) (P<0.05). Levels of MMP-1 were reduced AT compared to BT (P<0.05). In addition, TIMP-1 levels were lower at BT than AT and in C (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between levels of TIMP-1 at BT and AT (P<0.05). The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 was significantly lower in C than patients at BT; this ratio was also significantly lower at AT than BT (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that levels of MMP-1 in GCF decreased and total levels of TIMP-1 in GCF increased after phase I periodontal therapy. The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 changed after phase I periodontal therapy, becoming close to that of the controls.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tüter
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kurtiş
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000295:instrumentation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D016745:Root Planing / Q000295:instrumentation; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013357:Subgingival Curettage / Q000295:instrumentation; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1