title: Lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells and its inhibition by vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Endothelial injury is a major manifestation of septic shock induced by LPS. Recently, LPS was shown to induce apoptosis in different types of endothelial cells. In this study, we observed that pretreatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known cell survival factor, blocked LPS-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. We then further defined this LPS-induced apoptotic pathway and its inhibition by VEGF. We found that LPS treatment increased caspase-3 and caspase-1 activities and induced the cleavage of focal adhesion kinase. LPS also augmented expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the tumor suppressor gene p53. The pro-apoptotic Bax was found to translocate to the mitochondria from the cytosol following stimulation with LPS. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with VEGF inhibited the induction of both Bax and p53 as well as the activation of caspase-3. These data suggest that VEGF inhibits LPS-induced endothelial apoptosis by blocking pathways that lead to caspase activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Neru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Aaron Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Fernandis
authors.forename: Rama P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cherla
authors.forename: In-Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ganju
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D020170:Caspase 1