title: Assessment of left atrial appendage wall velocities by transesophageal tissue Doppler echocardiography: a clinical study in patients with sinus rhythm.
abstract: To assess left atrial appendage (LAA) wall velocities, 42 patients in sinus rhythm underwent tissue Doppler interrogation during a clinically indicated transesophageal echocardiography. Color Doppler (B-mode and M-mode) and pulsed Doppler of LAA walls were obtained and analyzed in all patients. Color-coded tissue Doppler rendered a qualitative assessment of LAA wall, depicting both the timing and the sequence of LAA contraction. With pulsed Doppler interrogation, a triphasic signal was recorded in all patients, consisting of a positive wave (D1), followed by a biphasic wave (positive D2 and negative D3). Peak velocities of D1, D2, and D3 were 6.1 +/- 2, 20.1 +/- 7, and 16.1 +/- 5 cm/s, respectively. Mean coefficient of variation of LAA wall velocities was 6%, significantly lower than that of LAA percentage area change (29%). Compared with patients with abnormal relaxation, patients with normal mitral inflow had higher D1 peak velocities (7.3 +/- 1.2 vs 4.3 +/- 1 cm/s, respectively; P <.0001). Time sequence of ECG, LAA flow, and mitral inflow indicates that D1 component of LAA wall occurs in early diastole and is likely due to the upward movement of the mitral ring toward the base of the LAA wall. In conclusion, evaluation of LAA wall using tissue Doppler is feasible and reproducible. Although color tissue Doppler analysis allows a qualitative assessment, pulsed Doppler gives new quantitative insights for the comprehensive assessment of LAA wall dynamics, which complements the information obtained with flow interrogation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trambaiolo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salustri
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanga
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tonti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palamara
mesh_terms: D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000502:physiology