title: Effects of propofol as an anaesthetic agent in adult lions (Panthera leo): a comparison with two established protocols.
abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of a ketamine/propofol anaesthetic protocol in lions (Panthera leo), and to compare it to two commonly used anaesthetic protocols. Seventeen adult lions were anaesthetised using three different protocols. Group XK (n=6) was anaesthetised with intramuscular (i.m.) injections of xylazine and ketamine. Group KD (n=5) was anaesthetised with an i.m. injection of ketamine, followed by an intravenous (i.v.) injection of ketamine and diazepam. Group KP (n=6) was anaesthetised with an i.m. injection of ketamine followed by an i.v. injection of propofol. There was a significant difference in heart rate (P<0.0002), which was lowest in group XK and highest in KD. Jaw tone was significantly lower in Group XK (P<0.05). No undesirable effects were noted following injection of the propofol. Propofol was a suitable and safe drug for maintenance of anaesthesia in adult lions.
authors.affiliation: The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Horowtiz
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ofri
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008045:Lions / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D015742:Propofol