title: A simple water-filled plethysmograph for measurement of limb blood flow in humans.
abstract: Fundamental principles underpinning the study of cardiovascular physiology can be emphasized by measuring blood flow. Plethysmography is an appropriate, noninvasive technique to use but may not be available to some institutions. Therefore, for measurement of blood flow in human limbs, we developed a simple water-filled plethysmograph that may be built with minimal technical support. The device is formed from a plastic cylinder and houses a latex sleeve sealed at either end by means of circular flanges and rubber O-ring seals. Limb volume changes are transcribed using an air-filled piston recorder. This instrument proves to be sensitive and accurately determines limb volume changes over time. Utilizing an appropriate venous occlusion protocol, predicted vascular responses to postural challenge and physical exercise may be followed. In response to a questionnaire, a majority of students (n = 33) agreed that performing blood flow measurements succeeded in relating theory to practice, improved technical and observational skills, and made the learning experience real. This modified plethysmograph proves to be a valuable teaching tool in human physiology classes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom. N.Raine@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sneddon
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume; D003250:Constriction; D004867:Equipment Design; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013696:Temperature; D014680:Veins; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water