title: Manganese accentuates adverse mental health effects associated with alcohol use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A population-based study on early neurotoxic effects of environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) enabled us to investigate the relation between blood Mn levels (MnB), alcohol consumption, and risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD) on mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were selected using a random stratified sampling procedure. Self-administered questionnaires provided data on alcohol consumption, sociodemographics, medical history, and lifestyle. Mood states were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and risk for AUD was surveyed using a behavioral screening questionnaire and categorized into no, low, and high risk. Of 297 participants, 253 current drinkers who had responded to all questions on alcohol use were retained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychologic distress increased with risk for AUD and alcohol consumption > or = 420 g/week. Higher MnB levels (> or =7.5 microg/L) intensified the relation between risk for AUD and BSI scale scores. The Prevalence odd ratios for positive cases of psychologic distress with risk for AUD, 1.98 [1.13-3.46], differed when divided by MnB strata: lower MnB: 1.34 [0.64-2.85]; higher MnB: 4.22 [1.65-10.77].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that higher levels of blood manganese significantly increase neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with risk for alcohol use disorders.
authors.affiliation: CINBIOSE, University of Québec in Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie Pascale
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sassine
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mergler
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.forename: H Kenneth
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hudnell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese