title: Sex hormone-binding globulin in the human prostate is locally synthesized and may act as an autocrine/paracrine effector.
abstract: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a plasma protein synthesized and secreted by the liver. Its initial description stemmed from its ability to bind estrogens and androgens and its capacity to regulate the free concentration of the steroids that bind to it. Additionally, it participates in signal transduction for certain steroid hormones at the cell membrane. It binds with high affinity to a specific membrane receptor (R(SHBG)) in prostate stromal and epithelial cells, wherein the SHBG.R(SHBG) complex forms. An appropriate steroid binds to this complex and results in increases of intracellular cAMP. These two disparate functions of SHBG, regulation of the concentration of free steroids in plasma and signal transduction in selected tissues, raise the question of how its synthesis and secretion might be regulated so as to best perform these two disparate functions. In this paper we demonstrate that SHBG is produced in human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU 145, and PC 3) as well as in cultured human prostate epithelial and stromal cells. In addition, in tissue sections of human prostate, we demonstrate the presence of SHBG (immunocytochemistry) and SHBG mRNA (in situ hybridization). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that SHBG, destined to participate in signaling at the cell membrane, is locally regulated and produced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10019, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hryb
authors.forename: Atif M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nakhla
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: St  George
authors.forename: Nomi C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Romas
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosner
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; C063572:sex hormone-binding globulin receptor