title: Placental overgrowth in mice lacking the imprinted gene Ipl.
abstract: The Ipl (Tssc3) gene lies in an extended imprinted region of distal mouse chromosome 7, which also contains the Igf2 gene. Expression of Ipl is highest in placenta and yolk sac, where its mRNA is derived almost entirely from the maternal allele. Ipl encodes a small cytoplasmic protein with a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain. We constructed two lines of mice with germ-line deletions of this gene (Ipl(neo) and Ipl(loxP)) and another line deleted for the similar but nonimprinted gene Tih1. All three lines were viable. There was consistent overgrowth of the Ipl-null placentas, with expansion of the spongiotrophoblast. These larger placentas did not confer a fetal growth advantage; fetal size was normal in Ipl nulls with the Ipl(neo) allele and was decreased slightly in nulls with the Ipl(loxP) allele. When bred into an Igf2 mutant background, the Ipl deletion partially rescued the placental but not fetal growth deficiency. Neither fetal nor placental growth was affected by deletion of Tih1. These results show a nonredundant function for Ipl in restraining placental growth. The data further indicate that Ipl can act, at least in part, independently of insulin-like growth factor-2 signaling. Thus, genomic imprinting regulates multiple pathways to control placental size.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fortino
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musalo
authors.forename: Wenxian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reik
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tycko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006579:Heterozygote; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000235:genetics; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C109277:TSSC3 protein; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II