title: A DSM-IV-referenced screening instrument for preschool children: the Early Childhood Inventory-4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the validity of the Early Childhood Inventory-4 (ECI-4), a parent and teacher rating scale designed to screen for DSM-IV emotional and behavioral disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity and clinical utility of the ECI-4 was studied in a sample of 224 consecutive referrals (3-6-year-old children) to a child psychiatric outpatient clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECI-4 demonstrated adequate criterion validity for the most common disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, pervasive developmental disorder) when compared with data-based psychiatric diagnoses and correlated well with relevant scales of the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form, and Inattention/Overactivity With Aggression (IOWA) Conners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ECI-4 appears to be a useful screening measure for certain disorders in clinically referred children, but continued research is needed to determine its value in other settings (e.g., school and community), and its validity with other measurement methodologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794-8790, USA. jsprafki@mail.psychiatry.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprafkin
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gadow
authors.forename: Edith E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results