title: Regulation of DNA replication fork genes by 17beta-estradiol.
abstract: The steroid hormone estrogen can stimulate mitogenesis in hormone-responsive breast cancer epithelial cells. This action is attributed to the transcriptional activity of the ER, a ligand-dependent transcription factor. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying estrogen-induced proliferation has yet to be completely elucidated. Using custom cDNA microarrays containing many genes implicated in cell cycle progression and DNA replication, we examined the gene expression of a hormone-responsive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) treated with a mitogenic dose of estrogen in the absence of confounding growth factors found in serum. Gene expression changes were monitored 1, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after estrogen stimulation so that RNA levels at critical times throughout cell cycle progression could be monitored. Significant changes include the altered transcript levels of genes implicated in transcription, cellular signaling, and cell cycle checkpoints. At time points during which increased numbers of cells were progressing through S phase, a majority of the genes associated with the DNA replication fork were also found to be induced. The coexpression of DNA replication fork genes by estrogen without the support of serum growth factors indicates an important estrogen regulatory component of the molecular mechanism driving estrogen-induced mitogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Gene Regulation Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. lobenho1@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lobenhofer
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: P LouAnn
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cable
authors.forename: Leping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pierre R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bushel
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Afshari
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D000431:Ethanol; D004958:Estradiol