title: Roberts syndrome, normal cell division, and normal intelligence.
abstract: Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of symmetric limb defects, craniofacial abnormalities, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and mental retardation. Patients with RS have been reported to have premature separation of heterochromatin of many chromosomes and abnormalities in the cell-division cycle. No case has been reported who had normal intelligence and normal cell division with typical clinical features of the RS. We report a case of a six-year-old male of clinical and radiologic findings of typical RS with normal cell division and normal intelligence. Although he showed growth retardation, his intelligence was normal. Van Den Berg and Francke later reported that 79 out of 100 cases of Roberts syndrome had premature cell separation (PCS). We think that this case may demonstrate severe expression of the Roberts syndrome even though PCS is not exhibited. The limb involvement of this case was symmetrical, and he showed phocomelia of upper limbs, equinus valgus deformity of ankle, aplasia of fibula, and shortness of fifth toes while his hands and feet were normal with 5 rays each. Craniofacial abnormalities of this case were typical; he showed scaphocephaly, mild hypertelorism, mandibular hypoplasia, dysplastic helix of ear, narrowing of external auditory canal, and cleft palate with wide gap. This report supports the theory that normal intelligence can make social-personal adjustment possible even if all of the stigmata of Roberts syndrome is present.
authors.affiliation: Inha University Hospital, Inchon, Korea. jokerhg@inha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Dae Kwang
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000002:abnormalities; D002455:Cell Division; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000002:abnormalities; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000473:pathology; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000473:pathology*; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000473:pathology; D005360:Fibula / Q000002:abnormalities; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000473:pathology; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D013577:Syndrome; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities