title: Antioxidant activity of dodecyl gallate.
abstract: Dodecyl (C12) gallate exhibits both potent chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant activity. The pyrogallol moiety is responsible for both activities. Dodecyl (lauryl) gallate prevents generation of superoxide radicals by xanthine oxidase, and this activity comes from its ability to inhibit the enzyme. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots found that dodecylgallate is a noncompetitive inhibitor for the generation of superoxide anion. Dodecyl gallate also inhibits formation of uric acid. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plots found that dodecyl gallate is a competitive inhibitor for this oxidation. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-adenosine 5'-diphosphate/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was inhibited by dodecyl gallate while its parent compound, gallic acid, did not show this inhibitory activity. Dodecyl gallate protected mitochondrial functions and human red blood cells against oxidative stresses, but gallic acid showed little effect. The hydrophobic dodecyl group is largely associated with the preventive antioxidative activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112, USA. ikubo@uclinik4.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuoka
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013481:Superoxides; D014527:Uric Acid; C008259:lauryl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase