title: Lipopolysaccharide-dependent prostaglandin E(2) production is regulated by the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthase gene induced by the Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 pathway.
abstract: Macrophages produce a large amount of PGE(2) during inflammation. This lipid mediator modulates various immune responses. PGE(2) acts on macrophages and inhibits production of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-12. Membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE(2) synthase (mPGES) has been shown to be a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthesis. Here we identified mPGES as a molecule that is induced by LPS in macrophages. The expression of mPGES was not induced by LPS in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 4 or MyD88. Furthermore, mice deficient in NF-IL6 showed neither induction of mPGES nor biosynthesis of PGE(2) in response to LPS, indicating that mPGES expression in response to LPS is regulated by a Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6-dependent signaling pathway. We generated mPGES-deficient mice and investigated the role of mPGES in vivo. The mice showed no augmentation of the PGE(2) production in response to LPS. However, they were not impaired in the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and showed normal response to the LPS-induced shock. Thus, mPGES is critically involved in the biosynthesis of PGE(2) induced by LPS, but is dispensable for the modulation of inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000502:physiology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone