title: Contribution of Sp1 to initiation of transcription of angiotensinogen.
abstract: Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified in the proximal promoter of angiotensinogen ( AGT). Gene titration experiments in transgenic animals have demonstrated that small increases in the basal expression of AGT can lead to elevated blood pressure. The direct proof that promoter variants of AGT can lead to elevated blood pressure will ultimately require the development of specific animal models. Before such work can be contemplated, however, a formal understanding of the mechanisms controlling transcriptional activation of AGT needs to be developed. Analysis of DNA-protein interactions in vitro and transactivation experiments in cultured cells reveal the critical role of an Sp1 binding site immediately upstream of the TATA box of AGT in both mouse and human. Both sites are required for transcription initiation in the mouse. By contrast, a minimal human AGT promoter can initiate transcription in the absence of either this Sp1 site or the TATA box, albeit at a lower level. Further analysis and consideration of these interspecific differences will be essential for the development of meaningful animal models to probe the mechanism by which AGT may predispose to human essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rohrwasser
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Harrison F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: Ituro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hillas
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lalouel
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics; D018983:DNA Footprinting; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D008156:Luciferases; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I