title: Comprehensiveness of substance use prevention programs in U.S. middle schools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess how current practice in middle school substance use prevention programs compares with seven recommended guidelines adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for school-based tobacco use prevention programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Substance use prevention practice was analyzed using data from a 1999 mailed questionnaire of a nationally representative sample of 1496 public and private schools with middle school grades that reported having a substance use prevention program. Respondents answered questions about substance use prevention education and activities in the whole school and in their own classroom. Weighted prevalence estimates for the seven recommendations are presented, and multiple regression was used to analyze correlates of implementation of the recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An estimated 64.2% of schools met four or more of the recommendations for school-based substance use prevention practice; 4.0% met all seven recommendations. Schools were most likely to report having and enforcing substance use prevention policies (84.3%) and least likely to report training teachers in substance use prevention (17.9%). More recommendations were implemented in schools that were public and had larger enrollments, greater perceived availability of resources, greater school board and parental support for substance use prevention, and had hired a school substance use prevention coordinator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low prevalence of comprehensive substance use prevention programs in U.S. middle schools may limit the potential impact of school programs on the prevalence of youth substance use.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Education, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. dwenter@rti.org
authors.forename: Dana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wenter
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ennett
authors.forename: Kurt M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ribisl
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vincus
authors.forename: Luanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ringwalt
authors.forename: Shelton M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003191:Comprehensive Health Care; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States