title: Endovascular workforce for peripheral vascular disease: current and future needs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current status and future needs of peripheral endovascular utilization and training have not been well defined. This topic is particularly relevant to the future of four specialties: interventional cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, interventional radiology, and peripheral vascular surgery. We attempt to analyze the current numbers of cardiovascular patients and procedures and the numbers of treating physicians and surgeons to make predictions and recommendations for the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  The numbers of cardiovascular patients and procedures were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Trend Query web site. The number of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs was obtained with telephone or e-mail contact with the aortic endograft manufacturers. The numbers of different cardiovascular specialists were obtained with contact with different cardiovascular professional societies and the American Board of Specialists via telephone, e-mail, or web site. The numbers of accredited US cardiovascular fellowship programs and first year spots were obtained from the Graduate Medical Education Directory 2000 to 2001. Finally, the numbers of endovascular fellowship programs and first year spots were obtained with contact with the individual programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The numbers of cardiovascular patients and procedures have risen from 1993 to 1997. This trend is expected to continue as the population ages. Despite the rapid rise of endovascular procedures, the number of open cases has continued to rise as well. However, the number of cardiovascular specialists is predicted to remain stable. Specific numbers and trends are depicted in the manuscript.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis shows that a critical shortage of endovascular trained specialists will exist in the future. More surgeons need to receive endovascular training to meet these future needs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles Center for the Health Sciences, UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6958, USA.
authors.forename: Cecilia K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wieslander
authors.forename: Carber C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000639:trends*; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000639:trends; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000639:trends*; D014481:United States; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000639:trends*; D000078329:Workforce