title: Bimanual phacoemulsification through 2 stab incisions. A wound-temperature study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the thermal parameters of bimanual ultrasound-based phacoemulsification through 2 stab incisions with a bare aspiration needle.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Sovereign phacoemulsification unit (Allergan) was used in 3 modes in conjunction with the Olson irrigating chopper (ASICO) in 6 fresh human cadaver eye-bank eyes to determine the temperature at which a wound burn would occur. A wound burn was defined as temperature exceeding 45 degrees C, whitening around the wound, or wound contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent ultrasound power was required to create a wound burn in the unoccluded mode in continuous ultrasound and the burst mode. The time to create the wound burn was 160 and 180 seconds in 2 eyes in continuous ultrasound and 42 and 50 seconds in 2 eyes in the burst mode; it was 58 and 70 seconds in continuous ultrasound with complete occlusion and required 80% power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The energy necessary to obtain a wound burn during 2-incision bimanual ultrasound-based phacoemulsification with a bare aspiration needle in human cadaver eyes was extremely high. The parameters necessary to create a wound burn in each modality occurred well beyond normal clinical settings and provide evidence that 2-stab ultrasound-based lens extraction can be performed safely with the Sovereign machine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Soscia
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001831:Body Temperature; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D013537:Sutures; D013997:Time Factors