title: Expression of alpha-synuclein in non-apoptotic, slowly degenerating facial motoneurones.
abstract: The discovery that missense mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene represent a rare genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) has had significant impact on the development of research into neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that alpha-synuclein plays a central role in the pathological process, which causes Lewy body formation and neurodegeneration in PD. Importantly, there is evidence to suggest that mutated alpha-synuclein is toxic to both nerve cells and glia. However, the regulation and function of wild-type alpha-synuclein are as yet ill defined. Using the facial nerve axotomy model, we have addressed the question whether the expression of alpha-synuclein in nerve cells may change in response to injury. We were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that the severity of neuronal injury had an effect on alpha-synuclein metabolism. Facial nerve cut and crush, respectively, were performed in adult rats where normal facial motoneurones do not express alpha-synuclein. Following axotomy, a subset of facial motoneurones newly expressed high levels of alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in their cell body and, occasionally, their nucleus. Significantly more nerve cells were labelled following facial nerve transection than following facial nerve crush. Confocal microscopy revealed a granular pattern of alpha-synuclein aggregation in degenerating nerve cells. Interestingly, the observed cell death phenotype was clearly non-apoptotic and developed over days or weeks rather than hours. Thus, axotomy of adult rat facial motoneurones triggers de novo expression of alpha-synuclein and this expression is associated with a non-apoptotic, slow form a neurodegeneration. In addition, the extent of alpha-synuclein expression is related to the severity of neuronal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kösel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Riess
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kreutzberg
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Graeber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D019771:Axotomy / Q000379:methods; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009409:Nerve Crush / Q000379:methods; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D051843:Synucleins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C497606:Snca protein, rat; D051843:Synucleins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein