title: Changes in biological anthropology: results of the 1998 American Association of Physical Anthropology Membership Survey.
abstract: In response to the results of the 1996 survey of the membership of the American Association of Physical Anthropology (AAPA), the Executive Committee of the Association sponsored a follow-up survey designed to assess gender and specialty differences in training, employment, academic status, mentoring, and research support. A total of 993 questionnaires was analyzed, representing approximately 62% of the 1998 membership of the Association. There has been a marked shift in the number of males and females in the discipline from the 1960s to the 1990s. While 51.2% of all respondents are female and 48.8% are male, 70% of the students are female. Chi-square tests indicate significant differences between males and females by highest degree, age, status, obtaining a tenure-track position, receiving tenure, and taking nontenure-track employment before receiving a tenure-track position. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of females in the ranks of assistant and associate professors; however, this is not true for the rank of professor. There are also significant differences between males and females by specialty within the discipline: researchers in primatology, human biological variation, skeletal biology, and paleopathology are primarily female, while researchers in human and primate evolution are increasingly female.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. trudy@uwn.edu
authors.forename: Trudy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000883:Anthropology / Q000639:trends; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003625:Data Collection; D004500:Education, Graduate; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008611:Mentors; D008875:Middle Aged; D011323:Primates; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D012958:Societies, Scientific; D000078329:Workforce