title: [Prospective nonrandomised analysis of "Sandwich Therapy" for malignant melanoma of the choroid].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effectiveness of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) as an adjunct to ruthenium brachytherapy for treatment of choroidal melanoma with reduced radioactive dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective nonrandomised analysis 15 eyes with primary malignant melanoma of the choroid (posterior to the equator, thickness </= 4.5 and base </= 12 mm) were treated with TTT (diode laser at 810 nm, spot size 2 - 3 mm, energy 0.3 - 0.9 watt, exposure time 21 - 45 minutes) in conjunction with an attenuated ruthenium plaque (radioactive dose to the tumour apex 100 Gy). Follow-up was at least 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tumour thickness before therapy was 3.2 mm (1.2 - 4.5 mm), the mean tumour regression 3 months postoperatively 2.1 mm (0.5 - 4.5 mm). 12 months postoperatively all tumours were regressed through a completely flattened chorioretinal scar. In 5 eyes visual acuity improved. The main reason for visual decrease in 7 eyes was subfoveal tumour location in 4 eyes, development of macular oedema in 2 eyes and epiretinal gliosis in one eye. Neither occlusion of retinal vessels nor radiation retinopathy/optic neuropathy were observed. Despite complete tumour regression clinically and fluoresceinangiographically, ICG-angiography revealed persistence of choriocapillary vessels especially at the posterior margin of the treatment zone in all eyes. No tumour regrowth or metastatic disease were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our 12-month results of TTT complementary to ruthenium brachytherapy with an attenuated tumour apex dose of 100 Gy for posterior choroidal melanoma with thickness </= 4.5 mm are comparable to findings after TTT alone, especially in regard to regression course, low rate of sideeffects and visual results. ICG angiography might be a useful tool to monitor an eventual tumour regrowth in the choriocapillary layer. For evaluation of sideeffects of brachytherapy a postradiation follow-up of at least 2 - 5 years is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Mainz, Germany. stoffelns@augen.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Bernhard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Stoffelns
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutzner
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schöpfer
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frising
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes