title: Protection of monkeys against Shiga toxin induced by Shiga toxin-liposome conjugates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported that the purified Shiga toxins (Stx) Stx1 and Stx2, when coupled with liposomes, induced substantial production of anti-Stx1 and anti-Stx2 IgG antibody, respectively, in mice. The levels of anti-Stx antibody in the sera of mice immune to Stx-liposome correlated well with the protection against subsequent challenge with Stx. Furthermore, mice immunized with a mixture of Stx1-liposome and Stx2-liposome were successfully protected against oral infection with cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the induction of protection against Stx2 by Stx2-liposomes was evaluated in monkeys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stx2-liposomes induced a substantial amount of anti-Stx2 IgG antibodies as well as Stx2 neutralizing antibodies in monkeys. Test monkeys were successfully protected against challenge with lethal doses of Stx2. Moreover, these monkeys showed no apparent symptoms, while nonimmunized control monkeys died within 4 days with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and renal disorder. In addition, as shown by other cases involving antigen-liposome conjugates, Stx2-liposome did not induce anti-Stx2 IgE antibody production, though it stimulated the production of a substantial amount of anti-Stx2 IgG antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Stx-liposome conjugates may serve as candidate vaccines to induce protection against death caused by cytotoxin-producing E. coli infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Animals Research, Department of Safety Research on Biologics, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ami
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Seishiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taneichi
authors.forename: Motohide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: Sachihiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gondaira
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007114:Immunization; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008081:Liposomes; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D008081:Liposomes; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2