title: Immune profiles of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The immunologic characterization of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is still incomplete. In particular, it is not known if positivity to the intradermal autologous serum skin test (ASST) identifies an immunologic subset of CIU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen CIU patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. A diagnostic flowchart was designed to select CIU patients, who were then analyzed by ASST. Cytokine and chemokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules was measured in patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CIU patients compared to controls, it was found that (1) TNF-alpha, IL-10, MIP-1alpha and RANTES production was augmented and IL-2 and INF-gamma reduced, and (2) CD44, CD11a and CD62L expression on CD4 and CD8 cells was augmented. Additionally, TNF-alpha and chemokine production was significantly increased in CIU patients with a negative ASST (p-; n = 10) compared to patients with a positive response to the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of an inflammatory process in CIU patients is suggested by the findings that the production of both TNF-alpha and chemokines as well as the expression of adhesion molecules is increased in these patients. Similarly to what is seen in rheumatoid arthritis, augmented IL-10 production might be secondary to the attempt to hamper the inflammatory milieu. Immune profiles are particularly altered in CIU p- patients, in whom a more aggressive therapeutic strategy might be considered.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Infectious Disease and Allergy Unit, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piconi
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabattoni
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iemoli
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fusi
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milazzo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012882:Skin Tests; D014581:Urticaria / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines