title: 15-Deoxyspergualin inhibits Akt kinase activation and phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
abstract: 15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG) strongly inhibited growth of mouse EL-4 lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. It significantly prolonged the survival days of EL-4-transplanted mice. In vitro study revealed that its antiproliferative effect appeared only after 2 days of treatment. At that time, protein synthesis was significantly inhibited rather than DNA and RNA syntheses. Furthermore, DSG induced apoptosis without arresting the cell cycle. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), a key molecule in protein synthesis, was inhibited by 2 days of treatment of DSG. Akt, an upstream kinase of p70S6K, was also deactivated by 2 days of treatment of DSG. Hsp90 is reported to bind to and stabilize Akt kinase and also to bind to DSG. Yet DSG did not inhibit the binding of Hsp90 to Akt kinase. PI3-kinase, an activator of Akt, was not affected by DSG treatment. However, when we looked into phospholipid synthesis, we found that DSG inhibited phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis strongly rather than phosphatidylinositol even by 1 day of treatment. Moreover, DSG failed to inhibit Akt kinase activation and PC synthesis in DSG-less sensitive human K562 leukemia cells. These results demonstrate that DSG inhibits tumor cell growth through the inhibition of protein synthesis and induction of apoptosis, which is caused by the down-regulation of Akt kinase and p70S6K. It is also indicated that the down-regulation of Akt kinase by DSG should not depend on PI3-kinase and Hsp90. There might be possible involvement of PC in Akt kinase activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemotherapy, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007700:Kinetics; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D006146:Guanidines; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; C037258:gusperimus