Identification of Rhus verniciflua Stokes compounds that exhibit free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties.
Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) is a widely used herbal plant with various biological properties. Our previous study using cultured neuronal cells showed that an ethanol extract of RVS had strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we characterized the antioxidant activity of the RVS ethanol extract and identified the active compounds responsible for this activity. From the RVS ethanol extract, we derived three water-eluted fractions and another three fractions eluted by organic solvents, and determined that the water-eluted fractions are what protect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by iron and enzymes. Water-eluted fraction F(2) was the most efficient antioxidant. Moreover, DNA fragmentation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining experiments revealed that F(2) also protects against thymocyte apoptosis mediated by hydroxyl radicals. Finally, EI-MS, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR spectra signals confirmed that the fraction contained flavonoid derivatives, including fustin, quercetin, butein, and sulfuretin. These results suggest that the flavonoid derivatives in F(2) are the compounds in the RVS ethanol extract that act as antioxidants.
Lee
Jeong-Chae
JC
Division of Biological Sciences and The Research Center for Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, South Korea.
Lim
Kye-Taek
KT
Jang
Yong-Suk
YS
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical