title: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) polymorphism is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leucocyte adhesion to the diabetic retinal vasculature has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We evaluated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in leucocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules and diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined ICAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and leucocyte endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (LECAM-1) genotypes in 81 patients with and 50 without diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of ICAM-1 469KK genotype and K allele were significantly higher in the patients with diabetic retinopathy than in those without retinopathy (genotype 42% vs. 20%, chi2 = 6.70, P = 0.035; allele 66% vs. 50%, chi2 = 6.49, P = 0.011). With regard to the PECAM-1 V125L and LECAM-1 P213S polymorphisms, there were no significant associations between the distribution of genotypes or allele frequencies and the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Independent of other risk factors, the ICAM-1 469KK genotype was associated with a 3.51-fold increased risk for retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the ICAM-1 469KK genotype could be a genetic risk factor for retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiuchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanatsuna
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000483:Alleles; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019041:L-Selectin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1