title: Percutaneous transhepatic lymphography method to image and treat intra-abdominal lymph node metastasis in patients with unresectable hepatobiliary pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been no effective treatments for intra-abdominal lymph node metastasis. One of the main reasons is that we cannot deliver chemotherapeutic agents directly. We evaluated percutaneous transhepatic lymphography (PTL) as a drug delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTL was performed 16 times in 13 patients. PTL was performed by puncture of the intrahepatic periportal area. Immediately after injection of contrast medium, lymphatic flow through the hepatoduodenal ligament to the intra-abdominal lymph nodes was visualized. The chemotherapeutic agent was delivered to the metastatic intra-abdominal lymph nodes by this route.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 of 13 patients, intrahepatic and extrahepatic lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were visualized by PTL. Computed tomography after PTL showed retention of lipiodol in the lymphatic system around the portal vein and in the enlarged metastatic lymph nodes located in the pancreatic and celiac lymph nodes. According to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, there were 8 patients with progressive disease and 5 with stable disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that PTL can be used as a drug delivery system specific for intra-abdominal lymph nodes as well as for identification of the lymph tracts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamatsu
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents