title: Effects of various nitric oxide donating agents on the contractility and cyclic nucleotide turnover of human seminal vesicles in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of the nitric oxide (NO)-donating drugs sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteineetylester (SNACET), and linsidomine (SIN-1), as well as the adenylyl cyclase-stimulating agent forskolin, on electrically induced contractions and on tissue levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of isolated human seminal vesicle strip preparations. The significance of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the regulation of smooth muscle tone in the human genitourinary tract has been well established; however, information on the relevance of NO-mediated signal transduction in the functional control of mammalian seminal vesicles is still sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seminal vesicle strip preparations were applied to an organ bath system under standard conditions. Phasic contractions were induced by electrical field stimulation (frequency 80 Hz, amplitude 10 V, single pulse 1 ms, total pulse duration 1 second, pause 90 seconds). After stable contraction amplitudes had been reached, the drugs were added in a cumulative manner (0.001 to 10 microM), and the isometric responses were registered. After drug exposure, freezing, tissue homogenization, and extraction of cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrical field stimulation-induced amplitudes were attenuated by the drugs in a dose-dependent manner. The rank order of potency was GSNO > sodium nitroprusside > forskolin > SNACET > or = SIN-1. The relaxing effect of GSNO was antagonized in the presence of 10 microM of guanylyl cyclase inhibitor methylene blue. The inhibitory effects of GSNO, sodium nitroprusside, and forskolin on the contractile activity were paralleled by an increase in tissue cGMP (2 to 100-fold) and cAMP (7 to 9-fold).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results strongly support the hypothesis that the contractility of human seminal vesicles is in part regulated by the NO-cGMP-cascade. This may give a rationale for the use of S-nitrosothiols, such as GSNO, in the pharmacotherapy of hyperexcitatory disturbances of ejaculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uckert
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Machtens
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Stief
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsikas
authors.forename: Jürgen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP