title: Methods for rearing Syngaster lepidus and Jarra phoracantha (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), larval parasitoids of the phloem-colonizing longhorned beetles Phoracantha semipunctata and P. recurva (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).
abstract: Two species of cerambycid beetles that attack eucalypts, Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius) and P. recurva Newman, have been accidentally introduced from Australia into most regions of the world in which their hosts have been planted. The beetles cause extensive mortality in plantations and landscape plantings of the trees. Management programmes have focused on integration of silvicultural practices, host plant resistance and biological control. To rear and release natural enemies of the larval stages of the beetles in California, mass rearing protocols for continuous production of two species of parasitoids have been developed. The methods described represent the first long-term and large-scale techniques for mass rearing parasitoids of any wood-boring cerambycid species. In addition to providing large numbers of parasitoids for releases, the mass rearing effort has also provided large numbers of parasitoids for fundamental studies of their biology and behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA. jocelyn.millar@ucr.edu
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hanks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000469:parasitology*; D007814:Larva / Q000469:parasitology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D014863:Wasps / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology