title: Working toward better cancer pain management for children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Management of the pain experienced by children with cancer is critical to minimize the psychological distress and physiologic responses to their illness and its treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A team approach to providing care, using guidelines for pharmacologic management intertwined with nonpharmacologic strategies, while individualizing the care of a specific child, is required. Pain management must start with assessment using tools that are age appropriate and well suited to the clinical situation. Dosages of the recommended opioid and nonopioid medications that are suitable for children as well as the role of locally, systemically, and epidurally administered anesthetic agents are described by the authors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By following this practical approach, children can be prepared and supported during the various intensive oncology therapies often associated with pain that are now offered in the hope of improving the survival of children with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA.
authors.forename: Doralina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anghelescu
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid