title: Combined intravenous pulse methylprednisolone and oral cyclosporine A in the treatment of corneal graft rejection: 5-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the mid-term results of a treatment strategy using topical steroids, intravenous pulse methyl prednisolone and oral cyclosporine A (CSA) for the treatment of acute corneal graft rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncomparative, interventional case series. Treatment of corneal graft rejection included 1% prednisolone eye drops, intravenous infusion of 500 mg methyl prednisolone, and oral CSA in two regimens--standard dose was 15 mg/kg/day for 2 days, 7.5 mg/kg/day for 2 days, then adjusted to maintain trough blood levels of 100-200 microg/l; low dose was 2 mg/kg/day with no loading dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcome in 34 eyes of 34 patients (21 M;13 F) aged 60 +/- 17.7 years (range 9-83 years), who presented after an average duration of 6.6 +/- 6.3 days (range 0-30 days) following acute corneal graft rejection, are reported. Twenty-five patients received standard dose CSA while nine patients received the low dose regimen. Mean duration of treatment before reversal of graft rejection was 13.6 +/- 12.1 days (range 3-54 days). Treatment was successful in reversing the graft rejection in 32/34 (94%) eyes. Irreversible graft failure occurred in one eye in each group. During a mean follow-up period of 19.2 +/- 16.7 months (range 1-55 months), further episodes of graft rejection were seen in 1/32 (3%) eyes. Complications due to treatment included: duodenal ulcer in one patient that responded to medical treatment, and transient elevation in serum creatinine levels in three patients, which returned to normal after decrease in dosage or cessation of oral CSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our 5-year experience with the use of oral CSA in the treatment of acute corneal graft rejection has shown this treatment approach to be safe and effective in reversing the rejection process. This approach may also protect the graft from subsequent episodes of allograft rejection. A randomised controlled trial to further delineate the role of CSA in reversing acute graft rejection seems warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: A K K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A T S
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: D S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D016039:Corneal Transplantation; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D008775:Methylprednisolone