title: Typing of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine and receptor genes using SNaPshot.
abstract: Associations have been described between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and severity of autoimmune diseases, outcome of infectious disease, and outcome following transplantation. Many methods now exist for typing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and these can be applied to typing cytokine gene and cytokine receptor gene variation. A system for typing multiple cytokine and receptor gene polymorphisms using a primer extension method, SNaPshot (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), has been assessed. The development of this methodology may enable other laboratories to type for cytokine SNPs in different populations and facilitate research into the effect of genetic polymorphism in the cytokine network in transplantation and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, North London Centre, National Blood Service, London, United Kingdom. david.turner@nbs.nhs.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynard
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Railton
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarrete
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000032:analysis; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine