title: Managing depression in brain injury rehabilitation: the use of an integrated care pathway and preliminary report of response to sertraline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use data generated from an integrated care pathway (ICP) to describe the characteristics of patients presenting with depression in a brain injury rehabilitation programme and to assess their response to treatment with sertraline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regional rehabilitation unit providing inpatient rehabilitation for young patients (16-65) with severe complex disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 82 patients admitted to the unit during the 15-month period between between 1 September 1999 and 1 December 2000. Response to sertraline was assessed in an open-label, before-and-after study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  All admissions were screened and included in the ICP if there was clinical suspicion of depression, past or present. Antidepressant medication was prescribed, where appropriate, according to the ICP protocol. Depression was diagnosed on clinical grounds against DSM-IV criteria, and measured where feasible using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) administered by interview, pretreatment and at 6-8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 82 admissions 41 (50%) were managed using the ICP and 27 (64%) were either started on or changed to sertraline--21 for depression +/- lability and six for emotional lability only. All of the depressed patients improved clinically at some level and no significant side-effects were observed. The BDI-II was assessable in 17/21 who showed a mean improvement of 14.5 +/- 9.7 (confidence interval (CI) 9.3-19.7, p < 0.001). Eleven patients (52%) had previously failed to respond with a different selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) agent but still made a significant response when changed to sertraline with a mean reduction in BDI-II of 16.3 +/- 10.9 (CI 8.4-24.11, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ICP was practical to use and provided systematic data on assessment of depression and response to treatment in 'real-life' clinical practice in a brain injury rehabilitation setting. Sertraline appears to be useful and well-tolerated in this context. A full placebo-controlled study is now required.
authors.affiliation: Regional Rehabilitation Unit, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital Trust, Harrow, Middlesex, UK. lynne.turner-stokes@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner-Stokes
authors.forename: Nibras
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clegg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019091:Critical Pathways; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D020280:Sertraline