title: An in vitro oral biofilm model for comparing the efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses.
abstract: The ability of commercial mouthrinses to reduce total viable counts of mixed microbial populations was examined using a previously developed in vitro model of supragingival plaque. Exploratory experiments aimed at fine-tuning the model indicated that optimal correspondence between in vitro and clinical results for chlorhexidine-containing formulations were obtained at a saliva:medium ratio of 70:30 (v/v); moreover, expanding the microbial population from 5 bacterial species to 5 bacterial species + Candida albicans had no noticeable impact on overall results. The efficacies of 12 different mouthrinse proprietary products containing chlorhexidine, hexetidine, octenidine, Triclosan, plant extracts, or aminefluoride/stannous fluoride vis-à-vis biofilm clearance were compared. All mouthrinses promoted a statistically significant reduction in microbial load compared to distilled water. The herbal- and phenolic-based products were substantially less effective than most chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses, or mouthrinses containing hexetidine or octenidine. No significant difference between the plaque-clearing plaque-clearing abilities of Listerine and Meridol was observed. This polyspecies biofilm model can be a valuable tool for preclinical testing of antiplaque formulations, particularly during the product development stage.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, Center for Dentistry, Oral Medicine, and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giertsen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guggenheim
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology; D006590:Hexetidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007097:Imines; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008954:Models, Biological; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012463:Saliva; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D007097:Imines; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011725:Pyridines; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C094808:amine fluoride solution; D014260:Triclosan; D006590:Hexetidine; C034213:octenidine; D002710:Chlorhexidine