title: Endomorphins 1 and 2 reduce relaxant non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission in rat gastric fundus.
abstract: It is now well established that opioids modulate cholinergic excitatory neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to characterize a possible effect of endomorphins on nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) relaxant neurotransmission in the rat gastric fundus in vitro. The drugs used in the experiments were the endogenous mu-opioid receptors (MORs) endomorphin 1 and 2 and the mu-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2). CTAP left the basal tonus and the spontaneous activity of the preparation unchanged. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) under NANC conditions at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 16 Hz caused a frequency-dependent relaxant response on the 5-hydoxytryptamine (5-HT) (10(-7) M) precontracted smooth-muscle strip. Both endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 significantly reduced this relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. Endomorphin 1 proved to be more potent in reducing the relaxant responses. The endomorphin effects were significantly reversed by the MOR antagonist CTAP. CTAP itself did not influence the EFS-induced relaxation. In summary, these data provide evidence that the endogenous MOR agonists endomorphin 1 and 2 can reduce nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission in the rat gastric fundus smooth muscle via a pathway involving MORs. The physiological relevance of these findings remains to be established, since the data presented suggest that the endomorphins act as neuromodulators within NANC relaxant neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany. martin.storr@lrzx.tum.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaffal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schusdziarra
authors.forename: H-D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Allescher
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C105293:endomorphin 1; C105294:endomorphin 2