title: Integration of Runx and Smad regulatory signals at transcriptionally active subnuclear sites.
abstract: Runx factors control lineage commitment and are transcriptional effectors of Smad signaling. Genetic defects in these pathways interfere with normal development. The in situ localization of Runx and Smad proteins must impact the mechanisms by which these proteins function together in gene regulation. We show that the integration of Runx and Smad signals is mediated by in situ interactions at specific foci within the nucleus. Activated Smads are directed to these subnuclear foci only in the presence of Runx proteins. Smad-Runx complexes are associated in situ with the nuclear matrix, and this association requires the intranuclear targeting signal of Runx factors. The convergence of Smad and Runx proteins at these sites supports transcription as reflected by BrUTP labeling and functional cooperativity between the proteins. Thus, Runx-mediated intranuclear targeting of Smads is critical for the integration of two distinct pathways essential for fetal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655-0106, USA.
authors.forename: Sayyed K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Wijnen
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Jane B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D050657:Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051902:Smad5 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D050657:Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C497797:SMAD5 protein, human; D051902:Smad5 Protein; C497799:Smad5 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2