Tuberculosis unleashed: the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the host granulomatous response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The granuloma plays a critical role in the host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, containing the organism and confining it in a latent state in most infected individuals. Indeed, approximately one-third of the world's population has latent M. tuberculosis infection. However, over the past decade, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic has profoundly affected the incidence and clinicopathological features of tuberculosis. This review examines the immunological mechanisms whereby HIV-1 impairs the establishment, maintenance and function of the tuberculous granuloma.
Lawn
Stephen D
SD
Tuberculosis/Mycobacteriology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk
Butera
Salvatore T
ST
Shinnick
Thomas M
TM
D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D015769:Granuloma, Respiratory Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*