title: Smad10 is required for formation of the frog nervous system.
abstract: Before the nervous system establishes its complex array of cell types and connections, multipotent cells are instructed to adopt a neural fate and an anterior-posterior pattern is established. In this report, we show that Smad10, a member of the Smad family of intracellular transducers of TGFbeta signaling, is required for formation of the nervous system. In addition, two types of molecules proposed as key to neural induction and patterning, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), require Smad10 for these activities. These data suggest that Smad10 may be a central mediator of the development of the frog nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, NB5.208, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: LeSueur
authors.forename: Edgardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Fortuno
authors.forename: Renée M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Graff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology; D048748:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D048748:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011506:Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C497785:Smad2 protein, Xenopus; C490808:smad4.1 protein, Xenopus; C117263:smad4.2 protein, Xenopus; C482625:MAP3K3 protein, human