title: Relation between butyrylcholinesterase K variant, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Q and R and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genes in early-onset coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The common K variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE-K), an enzyme which metabolizes acetylcholine and organophosphates, has been associated with Alzheimer's disease, especially in the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE-epsilon 4). Although APOE-epsilon 4 has been associated with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD), an association between the BChE-K variant and CAD has not been explored. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), located within HDL, is an enzyme which also metabolizes organophosphates and may be antiatherogenic. The R192 variant of PON1 (PON1-R) has been associated with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether BChE-K is also associated with premature CAD, we examined the frequency of BChE-K among patients with early-onset CAD (n = 150; < 50 yr) vs. late-onset CAD (n = 150; > 65 yr) by molecular analysis. We also examined the frequency of the PON1-R allele in both groups, and explored whether there was synergism between BChE-K and APOE-epsilon 4, BChE-K and PON1-R or PON1-R and APOE-epsilon 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the BChE-K allele tended to be greater among early-onset CAD patients compared to late-onset CAD patients (41.3% vs. 31.3%; p = 0.07), but without any significant difference between males and females. There was no difference in the prevalence of the PON1-R allele between those with early- or late-onset CAD (46.0% vs. 52.7%; p = 0.25). Twenty-two patients with early-onset CAD had both the BChE-K plus APOE-epsilon 4 alleles (14.7%) compared to 11 late-onset CAD patients (7.3%) (p = 0.04). There was no such association between BChE-K and PON1-R, nor PON1-R and APOE-epsilon 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that there is a minor association between BChE-K and early-onset CAD, especially in the presence of the APOE-epsilon 4 allele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. bassam.nassar@cdha.nsheath.ca
authors.forename: Bassam A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: Sultan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darvesh
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Bevin
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rockwood
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: Blair J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Iqbal R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Bata
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Title
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004950:Esterases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004950:Esterases; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human