title: Habitual intake of lactic acid bacteria and risk reduction of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A kind of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, shows antitumor activity in experimental animals. One clinical trial using L. casei showed a significant decrease in the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. So, to assess the preventive effect of the intake of L. casei, widely taken as fermented milk products in Japan, against bladder cancer, we conducted a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 cases (mean age: 67 years, SD 10) were selected from 7 hospitals, and 445 population-based controls matched by gender and age were also selected. Interviewers asked them 81 items. The conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OR of smoking was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-2.36). Those of previous (10-15 years ago) intake of fermented milk products were 0.46 (0.27-0.79) for 1-2 times/week and 0.61 (0.38-0.99) for 3-4 or more times/week, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was strongly suggested that the habitual intake of lactic acid bacteria reduces the risk of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ohashi@epistat.m.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumori
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Tadaichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kiochiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nomata
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*