title: Regulation of the murine alpha(2)(I) collagen promoter by retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors.
abstract: Retinoic acid decreases collagen production by hepatic stellate cells. This study investigated the effects of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) on the regulation of the alpha(2)(I) collagen promoter. Retinoic acid and the RARbeta and RXRalpha expression vectors suppressed the promoter in transfected stellate cells with maximal suppression obtained when combined. Mutation of the retinoic acid response element (RARE) at -879 to -874 (site 1) enhanced promoter activity and diminished but did not eliminate the suppression by RARbeta and RXRalpha. Mutation of another RARE site (site 2), at -930 to -911, resulted in low activity that was inhibited by retinoic acid. Mutation of the AP-2-binding site enhanced promoter activity that was inhibited by retinoic acid. This study shows that the suppressive effect of retinoic acid on the promoter is maximal with a combination of RARbeta and RXRalpha and occurs at more than one RARE site. The effect of retinoic acid is not mediated by AP-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, 921 Ross Research Building, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lynda Rennie
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tankersley
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin