title: Does acute organ dysfunction predict patient-centered outcomes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term patient-centered outcomes after acute illness may be associated with baseline health status, the development of acute organ dysfunction (AOD), or both.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether AOD (occurring in the first 30 days) was independently associated with 90-day survival, functional status, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) after controlling for baseline health status in patients who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and survived to day 30.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hospitals in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia, Canada, between October 1991 and March 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred thirty-nine patients who were hospitalized with CAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and 90-day quality-of-life and functional status questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined the 90-day survival rate in all patients (n = 1,339) and the functional status and HRQL in subsets of 261 and 219 patients, respectively. AOD occurred in one or more organ system in 639 patients (47.7%) and in two or more organ systems in 255 patients (19.1%). In univariate analyses, greater AOD was associated with a higher mortality rate (p < 0.0001), a lower HRQL (p = 0.006), and lower functional status (p = 0.009) at 90 days. However, after adjusting for baseline HRQL, AOD was not associated with mortality (p = 0.47) or HRQL (p = 0.14) at 90 days and was only weakly associated with 90-day functional status (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patients who develop AOD are at risk for late adverse outcomes, their risk is due predominantly to poor baseline status prior to illness and not to the organ dysfunction per se. Therefore, AOD does not appear to have significant long-term ramifications for patient-centered outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Laboratory, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clermont
authors.forename: Derek C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: Walter T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Linde-Zwirble
authors.forename: Martin F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pinsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life