title: Effect of high intensity pulsed electric fields and heat treatments on vitamins of milk.
abstract: The effects of high intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) treatments at room or moderate temperature on water-soluble (thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid) and fat-soluble vitamins (cholecalciferol and tocopherol) were evaluated and compared with conventional thermal treatments. Vitamin retention was determined in two different substrates, milk and simulated skim milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF). Samples were subjected to HIPEF treatments of up to 400 micros at field strengths from 18.3 to 27.1 kV/cm and to heat treatments of up to 60 min at temperatures from 50 to 90 degrees C. No changes in vitamin content were observed after HIPEF or thermal treatments except for ascorbic acid. Milk retained more ascorbic acid after a 400 microstreatment at 22.6 kV/cm (93.4%) than after low (63 degrees C-30 min; 49.7% retained) or high (75 degrees C-15s; 86.7% retained) heat pasteurisation treatments. Retention of ascorbic acid fitted a first-order kinetic model for both HIPEF and thermal processes. First-order constant values varied from 1.8 x 10.4 to 1.27 x 10(-3) micros(-1) for the HIPEF treatments (18.3-27.1 kV/cm) and, for thermal processing ranged from 5 x 10(-3) to 8 x 10(-2) min(-1) (50-90 degrees C). No significant differences were found between the results obtained after applying HIPEF treatments at room or moderate temperature. However, results depended on the treatment media. A beneficial effect of natural skim milk components, mainly proteins, was observed on the preservation of ascorbic acid, since skim milk retained more ascorbic acid than SMUF after HIPEF treatments.
authors.affiliation: CeRTA-UTPV, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bendicho
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espachs
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arántegui
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D001205:Ascorbic Acid