title: Inhibition of JNK by cellular stress- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced AKT2 through activation of the NF kappa B pathway in human epithelial Cells.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that AKT1 and AKT3 are activated by heat shock and oxidative stress via both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent and -independent pathways. However, the activation and role of AKT2 in the stress response have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that AKT2 in epithelial cells is activated by UV-C irradiation, heat shock, and hyperosmolarity as well as by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. The activation of AKT2 inhibits UV- and TNF alpha-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 activities that have been shown to be required for stress- and TNF alpha-induced programmed cell death. Moreover, AKT2 interacts with and phosphorylates I kappa B kinase alpha. The phosphorylation of I kappa B kinase alpha and activation of NF kappa B mediates AKT2 inhibition of JNK but not p38. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor or dominant negative AKT2 significantly enhances UV- and TNF alpha-induced apoptosis, whereas expression of constitutively active AKT2 inhibits programmed cell death in response to UV and TNFalpha -induced apoptosis by inhibition of stress kinases and provide the first evidence that AKT inhibits stress kinase JNK through activation of the NF kappa B pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Zeng-qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Olashaw
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Gene E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Sue A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shelley
authors.forename: Santo V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nicosia
authors.forename: Jin Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases