title: Are minidisc recorders adequate for the study of respiratory sounds?
abstract: Digital audio tape (DAT) recorders have become the de facto gold standard recording devices for lung sounds. Sound recorded on DAT is compact-disk (CD) quality with adequate sensitivity from below 20 Hz to above 20 KHz. However, DAT recorders have drawbacks. Although small, they are relatively heavy, the recording mechanism is complex and delicate, and finding one desired track out of many is inconvenient. A more recent development in portable recording devices is the minidisc (MD) recorder. These recorders are widely available, inexpensive, small and light, rugged, mechanically simple, and record digital data in tracks that may be named and accessed directly. Minidiscs hold as much recorded sound as a compact disk but in about 1/5 of the recordable area. The data compression is achieved by use of a technique known as adaptive transform acoustic coding for minidisc (ATRAC). This coding technique makes decisions about what components of the sound would not be heard by a human listener and discards the digital information that represents these sounds. Most of this compression takes place on sounds above 5.5 KHz. As the intended use of these recorders is the storage and reproduction of music, it is unknown whether ATRAC will discard or distort significant portions of typical lung sound signals. We determined the suitability of MD recorders for respiratory sound research by comparing a variety of normal and pathologic lung sounds that were digitized directly into a computer and also after recording by a DAT recorder and 2 different MD recorders (Sharp and Sony). We found that the frequency spectra and waveforms of respiratory sounds were not distorted in any important way by recording on the two MD recorders tested.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center (11), 2250 Leestown Rd, Lexington, KY 40502, USA. sskram01@uky.edu
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kraman
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wodicka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001314:Auscultation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016250:Compact Disks; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted