Guidelines on bladder cancer.
OBJECTIVE
On behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of bladder cancer patients were established. Criteria for recommendations were evidence based, and included aspects of cost-effectiveness and clinical feasibility.


METHODS
A systematic literature research using Medline Services was conducted. References were weighted by a panel of experts.


RESULTS
TNM 1997 classification and WHO grading 1998 are recommended. Recommendations are developed for diagnosis for bladder cancer in general, treatment of superficial and infiltrative bladder cancer, and follow-up after different types of treatment modalities, such as intravesical instillations, radical cystectomy, urinary diversions, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Oosterlinck
Willem
W
Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium. willem.oosterlinck@rug.ac.be
Lobel
Bernard
B
Jakse
Gerhard
G
Malmström
Per-Uno
PU
Stöckle
Michael
M
Sternberg
Cora
C
D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015588:Observer Variation; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*