Is smoking a cause of erectile dysfunction? A literature review.
Erectile dysfunction is common, and its prevalence increases with age owing to age-related diseases of vascular, hormonal, neurogenic and psychogenic factors. A literature review was undertaken to explore the impact of smoking on erectile dysfunction. The literature review of 18 studies revealed the detrimental effect of smoking on erectile function. Smokers were 1.5 times more likely to suffer erectile dysfunction than non-smokers. Men may be unaware of the effect of tobacco on erectile function. This literature review presents strong reasons for stopping smoking, and highlights the need for education within a comprehensive smoking cessation programme. All men should be offered smoking cessation treatment which includes nicotine replacement therapy and continued support. Randomized controlled trials are needed to explore the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on erectile dysfunction.
Dorey
G
G
University of West of England, Bristol.
D017677:Age Distribution; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome