Clinical management of childhood osteoporosis.
A current working definition of osteoporosis in children is 'fragility fractures in association with low bone mass'. This review illustrates the determinants of bone mass and fracture risk. We elucidate the pathophysiology and causes of osteoporosis in various childhood disorders, with a particular focus on the commonest iatrogenic problem, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. We discuss clinical evaluation, investigation and multidisciplinary management including lifestyle advice, diet, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, drug treatments and monitoring for children with osteoporosis. We also emphasise the important concepts of bone mass assessment and interpretation in children.
Chan
Y Y
YY
University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Yorkshire, UK.
Bishop
N J
NJ
D000293:Adolescent; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008019:Life Style; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities
D004164:Diphosphonates; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D002116:Calcitonin