title: Comparing spot electrode arrangements for electric impedance cardiography.
abstract: This study investigates whether an arrangement with nine spot electrodes, for thoracic bio-impedance cardiography, can be replaced by an arrangement with five spot electrodes. The study was conducted on 15 healthy subjects, six females and nine males, in supine rest. The variables obtained from the measurements were the mean of the impedance of the thorax segment between the recording electrodes, the maximum negative deflection of the first derivative of the thoracic impedance, the left ventricular ejection time and an estimate of left ventricular stroke volume. An analysis of variance for a randomized complete block design was used to determine whether significant differences exist in the group means of the observed variables between six different electrode arrangements. If no statistically significant differences were found in these group means between pairs of arrangements, Bland and Altman analyses were used to determine the differences in the observed variables between pairs of arrangements for individual subjects. This study concludes that reducing the number of spot electrodes from nine to five, does not yield significant differences in the group means of the observed variables, but it could result in large differences in the values of these variables for individual subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physics & Informatics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hoetink
authors.forename: Th J C
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Faes
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Schuur
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorkink
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Goovaerts
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heethaar
mesh_terms: D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000379:methods*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013318:Stroke Volume