title: Comparative in vitro sensitivities of human immune cell lines, vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines, and primary cells to candidate microbicides nonoxynol 9, C31G, and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
abstract: In experiments to assess the in vitro impact of the candidate microbicides nonoxynol 9 (N-9), C31G, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on human immune and epithelial cell viability, cell lines and primary cell populations of lymphocytic and monocytic origin were generally shown to be equally sensitive to exposures ranging from 10 min to 48 h. However, U-937 cells were more sensitive to N-9 and C31G after 48 h than were primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Cytokine activation of monocytes and lymphocytes had no effect on cell viability following exposure to these microbicidal compounds. Primary and passaged vaginal epithelial cultures and cell lines differed in sensitivity to N-9 and C31G but not SDS. These studies provide a foundation for in vitro experiments in which cell lines of human immune and epithelial origin can be used as suitable surrogates for primary cells to further investigate the effects of microbicides on cell metabolism, membrane composition, and integrity and the effects of cell type, proliferation, and differentiation on microbicide sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
authors.forename: Fred C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Shendra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Catalone
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fichorova
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malamud
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Howett
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wigdahl
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D014621:Vagina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D017137:Nonoxynol; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D001622:Betaine; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C038360:C 31G