title: Parametric imaging of tumor perfusion with deuterium magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Imaging of the vasculature and its functioning over the entire lesion may significantly aid in cancer diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and therapeutic evaluation. In the current study we present a dynamic three-dimensional deuterium magnetic resonance imaging method that determines the intravascular volume fraction and water perfusion rate at a resolution of 2 mm(2)/pixel. The method was tested and utilized to characterize the vasculature of orthotopic MCF7 human breast cancer tumors in CD1-NU athymic mice. A new algorithm based on Patlak's kinetic model was developed to analyze the dynamic images acquired during and after termination of infusion with deuterated water. The resulting parametric maps spanned a wide range from 0.4 to 35.2% for the intravascular volume fraction and from 4 x 10(-6) to 3.9 x 10(-3) min(-1) for the perfusion rate and exhibited high intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity at both parameters. The intravascular volume fraction did not correlate with the corresponding perfusion rate, demonstrating the irregular outgrowth of tumor neovascularization. Averaging the data or analyzing at spatially degraded resolution completely masked the presence of both "hot spots" and hypoxic loci, highlighting the critical importance of high spatial resolution. The method is applicable to other types of tumors and animal models and may be extended to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Liora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bogin
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margalit
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ristau
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mispelter
authors.forename: Hadassa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Degani
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010477:Perfusion; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured