title: Increased prevalence of heterozygous 21-OH germline mutations in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a result of the widespread use and the enhanced quality of high-resolution radiological techniques [computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] a high frequency (4-10%) of adrenal incidentalomas has been detected in the general population. It is still debated whether undiagnosed 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency, accounting for more than 90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases, predisposes for adrenal tumours. We therefore performed an analysis of the prevalence of 21-OH germline mutations in patients with non-functional adrenal incidentalomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty Austrian patients with non-functional adrenal adenomas detected by CT for unrelated reasons were screened by PCR-based sequencing for the most common point mutations and by Southern blot analysis for large gene deletion/conversion events of the 21-OH gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heterozygosity for large gene conversions was shown in 5 (10%), for Q318 point mutations in 2 (4%) and for the Intron2splice mutation in 1 (2%) of the 50 patients with adrenal adenomas. One (2%) patient (70 years of age), identified to have a chimeric CYP21AB gene with a junction site before Intron 2 on one and a large (30 kb) deletion on the other allele, was diagnosed to be affected by CAH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  21-OH mutation screening indicates a higher frequency of classic CAH carriers (16%) and of manifest CAH (2%) due to 21-OH-deficiency among patients with adrenal adenomas than in the general population (1-2% carrier frequency for classic CAH).
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria. sabina.baumgartner-parzer@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Baumgartner-Parzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pauschenwein
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldhäusl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pölzler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowotny
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vierhapper
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase