title: Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
abstract: We have recently shown that the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathways can cross-talk in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. High Raf activity induces growth arrest and differentiation in these cells, whereas high PI3K/Akt activity correlates with cell survival and proliferation. Here we show that the Raf-Akt cross-talk is regulated in a concentration- and ligand-dependent manner. High doses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activate Akt quickly and strongly enough to suppress Raf kinase activity via phosphorylation of Ser-259, whereas low doses of IGF-I do not trigger this cross-talk but are still mitogenic. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a differentiation-inducing stimulus, potently activates the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway but only weakly activates PI3K/Akt and does not trigger the cross-talk. Thus, the herein analyzed parameters such as ligand type, concentration, and time course may contribute to the cellular response of either proliferation or differentiation. This is highly relevant to understanding cellular transformation and may be of use in areas like tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 30, 8028 Zurich, Switzerland. moelling@immv.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moelling
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosse
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schweneker
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000502:physiology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C494918:AKT1 protein, human