title: Interleukin-1 system and sex steroid receptor gene expression in human endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interleukin-1 system is known to play a pivotal role in human physiology and reproduction. In the cycling endometrium, interleukin-1alpha activity is controlled by sex steroids and is confined to the perimenstrual phase, where it is involved in the events leading to tissue lysis and menstruation. Since local tissue degradation is also a feature of malignant tumors, our goal was to analyze the gene expression of interleukin-1alpha and other interleukin-1 family members and compare it with estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in 27 endometrial carcinomas and 13 normal endometria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial tumor tissues were obtained during hysterectomy for endometrial cancer, and normal endometrium was sampled in women undergoing surgical procedures for nonendometrial pathologies. Gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was detected and localized by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong gene expression of interleukin-1 type I receptor, estrogen recptor alpha, and progesterone receptor was detected in all tumor tissues and in the majority of benign endometrial tissues. However, in contrast to nonmalignant endometria, variable amounts of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mRNA were also detected in most of the tumor samples. Gene expression of interleukin-1alpha and estrogen receptor beta was considerably less frequent, with interleukin-1alpha being absent in all peri- and postmenopausal endometria and in all but one of the well-differentiated tumors. With decreasing differentiation interleukin-1alpha gene expression became more frequent. In these cases, interleukin-1alpha protein was detected predominantly in epithelial tumor cells of lower-grade tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated the presence of the interleukin-1 system in endometrial malignancies, and found a negative correlation between interleukin-1alpha and tumor differentiation. We hypothesize that the nonphysiological expression of interleukin-1alpha in less differentiated tumors might contribute to their invasiveness and malignant behavior.
authors.affiliation: Division of Special Gynecology, Department of Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, University of Vienna Medical Center, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria. Christian.Singer@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kronsteiner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubista
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czerwenka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tschugguel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubista
mesh_terms: D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D053573:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C101118:progesterone receptor A