title: Cystatin 11: a new member of the cystatin type 2 family.
abstract: Cystatin (CST)11, a novel member of the CST type 2 family of cysteine protease inhibitors, was identified in Macaca mulatta epididymis by subtractive hybridization cloning. The human CST11 gene on chromosome 20p11.2 is located near three other CST genes expressed predominantly in the male reproductive tract. The CST11 gene spans three exons, a structure similar to that of other CST family 2 genes. An exon 2-deleted alternative transcript (CST11Delta2) was also identified. CST11 mRNA is expressed only in the epididymis as judged by Northern blot hybridization and is androgen regulated. The protein is most abundant in the initial segment, but is detected throughout the epididymis and on ejaculated human sperm. The calculated tertiary structure of CST11 reveals that the three regions corresponding to the protease inhibitory wedge of CST3 are similarly juxtaposed in CST11, consistent with protease inhibitor function. Intact and exon 2-deleted CST11 recombinant proteins were tested for antibacterial activity. After a 2-h incubation of Escherichia coli with 50 microg/ml recombinant CST11 or CST11Delta2, bacterial colony-forming units were reduced to 30% of control, indicating that both forms have antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hamil
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sivashanmugam
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yenugu
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Yong-Lian
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: O'Rand
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrusz
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D015891:Cystatins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; C460364:cystatin 11, Macaca mulatta