title: Aminoglycoside and glycopeptide renal toxicity in intensive care patients studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics are responsible for renal toxicity. In most cases, the nephrotoxicity is limited to a reversible tubular injury, but an acute and sustained renal failure may occur. The aim of our study was to explore the renal function of patients given these antimicrobial agents with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine. This technique is able to detect, in urine samples, a wide range of metabolites reflecting renal tubular function. The variables assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy were compared with the routine markers of renal function: creatinine, urea, and 24-hr urine volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients in an intensive care unit receiving an aminoglycoside and/or a glycopeptide were included in the study if they presented with signs of renal dysfunction. All experiments were performed on urine samples collected for the routine follow-up of these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proton spectra were acquired with water suppression, and the peak intensity of each metabolite was reported in relationship to the intensity of the creatinine peak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio values obtained by magnetic resonance spectroscopy were compared with the values of creatininemia and blood urea obtained routinely by biochemistry and with the value of the 24-hr urine volume by logistic regression and general linear models. This statistical analysis showed that the ratio of dimethylamine to creatinine was highly correlated with creatininemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dimethylamine is an osmolyte released from the medullar region of the kidney. Thus, our study demonstrated that nephrotoxicity from aminoglycosides and glycopeptides is not limited to proximal tubular toxicity but also may involve the medullar region (Henle loop and collecting duct) of the nephron.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire CSSB, Groupe RMN, UFR SMBH, Bobigny Cedex, France. lemoyec@smbh.univ-paris13.fr
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Moyec
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Racine
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Toumelin
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnet
authors.forename: Valéry
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larue
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cupa
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006020:Glycopeptides; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000652:urine; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides