title: The degenerative effect of a single intranigral injection of LPS on the dopaminergic system is prevented by dexamethasone, and not mimicked by rh-TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma.
abstract: It is becoming widely accepted that the inflammatory response is involved in neurodegenerative disease. In this context, we have developed an animal model of dopaminergic system degeneration by the intranigral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inductor of inflammation. To address the importance of the inflammatory response in the LPS-induced degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurones, we carried out two different kinds of studies: (i) the possible protective effect of an anti-inflammatory compound, and (ii) the effect of the intranigral injection of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma) on dopaminergic neurones viability. Present results show that dexamethasone, a potent anti-inflammatory drug that interferes with many of the features characterizing pro-inflammatory glial activation, prevented the loss of catecholamine content, Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and TH immunostaining induced by LPS-injection and also the bulk activation of microglia/macrophages. Surprisingly, injection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines failed to reproduce the LPS effect. Taken together, our results suggest that inflammatory response is implicated in LPS-induced neurodegeneration. This damage may be due, at least in part, to a cascade of events independent of that described for TNF-alpha/IL-1 beta/IFN-gamma.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008845:Microinjections; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D002395:Catecholamines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine