Ethyl pyruvate modulates inflammatory gene expression in mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock.
Administration of pyruvate, an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species, has been shown to be salutary in numerous models of redox-mediated tissue or organ injury. Pyruvate, however, is unstable in solution and, hence, is not attractive for development as a therapeutic agent. Herein, ethyl pyruvate, which is thought to be more stable than the parent compound, was formulated in a calcium-containing balanced salt solution [Ringer ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS)] and evaluated in a murine model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R). Resuscitation with REPS instead of Ringer lactate solution (RLS) significantly improved survival at 24 h and abrogated bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and the development of increased ileal mucosal permeability to FITC-labeled dextran (4,000 Da) at 4 h. Mice treated with REPS instead of RLS also had lower circulating levels of alanine aminotransferase at 4 h. Treatment with REPS instead of RLS decreased activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in liver and colonic mucosa after HS/R and also decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-6 mRNA in liver, ileal mucosa, and/or colonic mucosa. These data support the view that resuscitation with REPS modulates the inflammatory response and decreases hepatocellular and gut mucosal injury in mice subjected to HS/R.
Yang
Runkuan
R
Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Gallo
David J
DJ
Baust
Jeffrey J
JJ
Uchiyama
Takashi
T
Watkins
Simon K
SK
Delude
Russell L
RL
Fink
Mitchell P
MP
D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012151:Resuscitation; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; C439503:Ringer's ethyl pyruvate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse