title: Clinico-pathological features of breast cancer in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information about presenting features of women with breast cancer in Pakistan, to compare these data with information on patients with breast cancer in the United States and to highlight the differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to the National Cancer Institute, Karachi, Pakistan between January 1, 1994 and February 28, 1999 who had been recently diagnosed with breast cancer were prospectively evaluated. A printed questionnaire was used as an interview guide. Information was obtained about demographic features/clinical characteristics, stage of the disease and previous therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-hundred sixty-six patients were evaluated. Mean age was 47.7 +/- 11.8 years. Risk factors for breast cancer were observed in a minority. Mean number of pregnancies was 4.4. Eighteen percent had positive family history mostly in first-degree (64%) relatives. The vast majority (93%) discovered the lump accidentally. Average size was 5.7 +/- 2.3 cm. Over half had used unconventional therapies before receiving standard medical care. Most patients had undergone modified radical mastectomy and only 5% had conservative surgery done. Almost one third had locally-advanced disease. Seventeen percent had metastases at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite significant advances made in cancer care in the United States, patients in Pakistan still present at an advanced stage. Antecedent use of unconventional therapies before seeking any medical advice is widespread. There is a great need for public education to enhance awareness about cancer and other health habits.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Karachi.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis