title: New technologies in spine: nucleus replacement.
abstract: Nucleus replacement offers several benefits over other surgical options. Several design criteria need to be met. Nucleus prostheses can be either preformed or formed in situ. Preclinical evaluations should include biomechanical testing, biocompatibility testing, and surgical technique evaluation. Indications and contraindications of nucleus prosthesis are largely determined by the benefit-to-risk ratio and benefit-to-cost ratio.
authors.affiliation: Disc Dynamics, Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota and; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA. cbao@discdyn.com
authors.forename: Qi-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Hansen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers