title: Airborne fungi and endotoxin concentrations in different areas within textile plants in Taiwan: a 3-year study.
abstract: Bioaerosols have been found in many occupational environments, including animal feeding houses, poultry slaughter houses, and cotton textile plants. This study was undertaken to examine a group of bioaerosols, the endotoxins, fungi, and bacteria, inside two textile factories over 3 years in Taiwan, where temperature and humidity are usually high year-round. Airborne dust was collected with filter cassettes attached to personal pumps and analyzed by the Kinetic Limulus Assay with Resistant-parallel-line Estimation. For fungi and bacteria determination, samples were collected using duplicated single-stage impactors, and organisms were counted after incubation. Endotoxin was the major contamination inside textile plants. Indoor levels were substantially higher than outdoor concentrations by 63- to 278-fold. The average values of fungi inside and outside the plants were not significantly different. Airborne bacteria levels were higher inside the plants as compared to outside. The carding sites, using only cotton, had extremely high endotoxin levels, greater than those at sites using synthetic fibers. Cotton, may be a major source of endotoxin contamination. In conclusion, the early stage of textile processing seems to generate high endotoxin and bacteria contamination. Priorities should be given to occupational hygiene programs for workers at various sites in textile plants.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China. dmilton@hohp.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Huey-Jen Jenny
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Fang-Chun
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Donald K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Milton
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001419:Bacteria; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005658:Fungi; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D013624:Taiwan; D013783:Textile Industry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004731:Endotoxins