Two-component signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis.
The two-component system, consisting of a histidine (His) protein kinase that senses a signal input and a response regulator that mediates the output, is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The identification of 54 His protein kinases, His-containing phosphotransfer proteins, response regulators, and related proteins in Arabidopsis suggests an important role of two-component phosphorelay in plant signal transduction. Recent studies indicate that two-component elements are involved in plant hormone, stress, and light signaling. In this review, we present a genome analysis of the Arabidopsis two-component elements and summarize the major advances in our understanding of Arabidopsis two-component signaling.
Hwang
Ildoo
I
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Chen
Huei-Chi
HC
Sheen
Jen
J
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000502:physiology; D018745:Genome, Plant; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D010802:Phylogeny; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
C117966:AHP1 protein, Arabidopsis; C117967:AHP2 protein, Arabidopsis; C117968:AHP3 protein, Arabidopsis; C113359:ARR4 protein, Arabidopsis; C459457:ARR8 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C083750:ethylene receptors, plant; D010834:Phytochrome; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase