title: Quantitative electroencephalography of medetomidine, medetomidine-midazolam and medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol in dogs.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist alone and in combination with other derivatives on brain wave activity. In addition, the diagnostic values of the electroencephalogram (EEG) for judging the depth of the balanced anaesthesia with an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist was evaluated. The treatments comprised 20 microg/kg medetomidine (Me-20), 80 microg/kg medetomidine (Me-80), 20 microg/kg medetomidine and 0.5 mg/kg midazolam (Me-Mi) administered intramuscularly, and 20 microg/kg medetomidine with 0.5 mg/kg midazolam and 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol (Me-Mi-Bu). The EEG was recorded continuously at pre-administration, and at 7, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after administration. The recorded data were analysed by separating the power spectrum into 1-3, 4-7, 8-13 and 14-30 Hz bands. Spectral-edge analysis was used to calculate the spectral edge frequency 90 (SEF90) and the median edge frequency (MEF). Time-related changes in power spectrum analysis showed a significant increase in the Me-80 group in the 1-3 Hz band. The power for 1-3 Hz in the Me-80 group was significantly higher than in all the other groups. In the 14-30 Hz band, there was a significant reduction of power in all groups following administration of the agents. The SEF90 frequencies were significantly reduced in all groups except for the Me-20 group after administration of the agents. The SEF90 frequencies in the Me-20, Me-Mi and Me-Mi-Bu were all significantly higher than those in the Me-80 group. However, there was no significant difference between the Me-20, Me-Mi and Me-Mi-Bu groups in any analyses. Our results demonstrated that the changes in quantitative EEG made by the Me-Mi-Bu and Me-Mi groups were similar to those made by Me-20 groups. Present results suggest that the EEG should be interpreted with caution in assessing the anaesthetic level in balanced anaesthesia in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takuma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Une
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaichi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hikasa
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol; D008874:Midazolam