title: Topographical analysis of corneal astigmatism in patients with tilted-disc syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the corneal topography in patients with tilted-disc syndrome to determine the relationship between optic disc dysversion and corneal astigmatism and the pattern of astigmatism in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 23 eyes of the 13 tilted-disc syndrome patients with spheric refractive errors ranging between +1.00 D and -9.00 D (mean -4.00 +/- 3.4 D) and astigmatic errors ranging between -0.50 and -4.50 D (mean -1.95 +/- 0.93 D). Corneal topography was performed by computer-assisted videokeratoscope topographic modelling system 2 (TMS-2) and incidence of corneal astigmatism, corneal topographic patterns, and mean values of the topographic indices were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Corneal topographic analysis showed corneal astigmatism in 22 out of 23 patients with tilted discs. Corneal astigmatism was symmetric bow tie pattern in 10 eyes (45.45%), asymmetric bow tie pattern in 11 eyes (50%) and irregular in 1 eye (4.5%). Among the patients with bow tie pattern group (21 eyes), 14 eyes had with-the-rule astigmatism, 1 eye had against-the-rule astigmatism, and 6 eyes had oblique astigmatism. In 18 eyes, astigmatism was corneal, whereas combined corneal and lenticular in 4 eyes and lenticular in 1 eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the majority of tilted-disc cases, ocular astigmatism is mainly corneal. Morphogenetic factors in the development of the tilted disc might possibly influence the corneal development in such a way to result in corneal astigmatism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Faculty Of Medicine, Sihhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irkec
authors.forename: Sansal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Erdener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome