title: Coronary heart disease risk between active and inactive women with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity is strongly recommended as a principal component of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor management aimed at favorably lowering abdominal fat accumulation, lowering levels of triglyceride (TG), raising levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and improving insulin sensitivity. Although physical activity practices are reported to be low in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), some women with MS remain physically active despite their disability. Thus, the primary aim of the study was to determine whether abdominal fat accumulation and levels of TG, HDL-C, and glucose differ between active and inactive women with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 123 women with MS, aged 23-72 yr. Venous blood was collected for measurement of lipids, lipoprotein-cholesterol, and glucose. Skin-fold thicknesses and girth circumferences were obtained for estimation of total and abdominal body fat. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during the last 12 months was assessed by the physical activity questionnaire used in the Postmenopausal Estrogens/Progestins Intervention (PEPI) Study. Eating habits were assessed by the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTPA was significantly associated with lower waist circumference (P = 0.0001), lower TG levels (P = 0.0005), and lower glucose levels (0.002). After adjusting for several covariates, women participating in low- to moderate-intensity LTPA had significantly lower waist circumferences, TG levels, and glucose levels relative to inactive women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low- to moderate-intensity LTPA was significantly associated with less abdominal fat accumulation, lower levels of TG, and lower levels of glucose in the present sample of women with MS. These findings suggest that exercise levels attainable by women with MS may improve CHD risk and contribute to important health-related benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA. slawta@sou.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Slawta
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubbin
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Darek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nalle
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013177:Sports; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides