title: Vibro-acoustography: quantification of flow with highly-localized low-frequency acoustic force.
abstract: The intersection of two ultrasound beams with slightly different frequencies results in generation of a localized radiation force and stimulates emission of audio signals from targeted objects. Vibro-acoustography uses this phenomenon to probe elastic properties of objects. Vibro-acoustography of contrast microbubbles in degassed water produced quantitative flow measurements from analysis of their acoustic emission. We used a dual-beam transducer generating bursts of 40-kHz vibrations. The vibrations resulted from interference of 3.48-MHz and 3.52-MHz confocal beams intersecting at the center of a thin plastic conduit. We tested flows of 13,48, 85, and 120 mL/min of contrast microbubbles at concentrations from 1.2 x 10(5) to 6 x 10(9) bubbles/mL. The amplitude of the acoustic emission was linear with microbubble concentrations up to a value of 3.6 x 10(5) bubbles/mL. A replenishment method for microbubble contrast and flow rate analysis was used with radiation force bursts deployed at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, (.5, 1, and 2-second pulsing intervals. The relation between the pulsing intervals and the peak amplitude was fitted by an exponential curve and a rate constant calculated for each tested flow rate. The rate constant values were linearly correlated with the tested flows. The vibro-acoustography method provides objective, quantitative, and highly-localized assessment of flow using contrast microbubbles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. belohlavek.marek@mayo.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belohlavek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kinnick
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Greenleaf
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D004548:Elasticity; D008863:Microspheres; D014465:Ultrasonics