title: Cryosurgery - a review of recent advances and current issues.
abstract: Advances in cryosurgery since 1990 were initiated by the development of improved cryosurgical equipment and by the availability of intraoperative ultrasound to monitor the tissue-freezing process. Interest in research on the effects of freezing on tissue and on new clinical applications was then stimulated. The research led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cryogenic injury, including cell death by apoptosis, which has emerged as a potential key to the use of adjunctive chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Optimization of cryosurgical technique will also improve clinical results.
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Memorial Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 666 Elm Street, 14263,USA. aagee70@aol.com
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Baust
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000601:surgery; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery