title: Late antenatal carriage of group B Streptococcus by New Zealand women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in New Zealand women the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) carriage late in pregnancy and to identify GBS colonisation risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community and hospital antenatal clinics in Wellington and Auckland during 1998-1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 240 women between 35-37 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic data, obstetric details and anogenital swabs were collected from each subject. Swabs were inoculated into selective media. GBS isolates underwent serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and forty women (9% Maori, 11% Pacific) aged 15-41 years were recruited. Fifty-two (22%; 95% CI 17, 27) were colonised by GBS. Carriage was independently associated with younger age (59% < or = 30 years; adjusted OR 3.25; 95% CI 1.53, 6.95) and least social deprivation (57% NZ Dep 96 score +/- 3; adjusted OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.06,1.39). All GBS isolates were penicillin-susceptible, but resistance to clindamycin (15%) and erythromycin (7.5%) was detected and associated with serotype V strains. Predominant serotypes were: III (29%), Ia (21%), Ib (20%) and V (20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 20% of New Zealand women carry GBS late in pregnancy, with young age a major risk factor. Increased risk in the socially advantaged, development of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, and emergence of new GBS serotypes are findings with important implications for prevention strategies requiring further confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimwood
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Isobelle A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gosling
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Darlow
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Diana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents