title: Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity and SERCA-2 in rat after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it is generally accepted that endurance training improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction the sub-cellular mechanisms are uncertain. The present study reports the effects of aerobic endurance training on myocardial mass, myocyte dimensions, contractile function, Ca2+ handling, and myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes from healthy and failing rat hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats ran on a treadmill 1.5 h/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Exercise intervals alternated between 8 min at 85-90% of V(O(2max)) and 2 min at 50-60%. Training started 4 weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery (TR-INF, n=11) or sham operation (TR-SHAM, n=6). Sedentary animals (SED-SHAM, n=6; SED-INF, n=13) were controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 weeks V(O(2max)) in TR-INF and TR-SHAM leveled off 65% above sedentary controls. In TR-SHAM, left and right ventricle weights were approximately 25% higher than in SED-SHAM, myocytes were approximately 13% longer; width remained unchanged. At physiological stimulation frequencies, relative myocyte shortening was markedly higher whereas peak systolic [Ca2+] and t(1/2) of Ca2+ transient decay were 10-20% lower, indicating higher Ca2+ sensitivity in cardiomyocytes from trained rats, compared to respective controls. In TR-INF the left and right ventricular weights, and myocyte length and width were 15, 23, 12, and 20% less than in SED-INF. Endurance training significantly increased the myocardial SR Ca2+ pump (SERCA-2) and sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) protein levels to the extent that TR-INF did not differ from SED-SHAM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show that aerobic endurance training attenuates the ventricular and cellular hypertrophy in failing hearts. Furthermore, training consistently restores contractile function, intracellular Ca2+ handling, and Ca2+-sensitivity in cardiomyocytes from rats with myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, OLav Kyrres gt. 3., N-7489 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wisløff
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Loennechen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: Godfrey L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Øyvind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004452:Echocardiography; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D002118:Calcium