title: Cardiovascular effects of nasal and transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare circadian blood pressure and heart rate patterns and other cardiovascular effects of nicotine delivered rapidly (via nasal spray, NNS), slowly (transdermal nicotine, TDN), by cigarette smoking (rapid delivery of nicotine plus other smoke toxins), and placebo NNS. Twelve healthy cigarette smokers were studied on a research ward when they smoked cigarettes (16 per day) or used TDN (15 mg/16 h), NNS (24 1-mg doses per day), or placebo NNS, each for 5 days. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, but diastolic blood pressure was slightly increased during cigarette smoking. Plasma epinephrine, beta-thromboglobulin, and fibrinogen levels were higher during cigarette smoking than with TDN. For most measurements, NNS values were intermediate between and not significantly different from those of cigarette smoking and TDN. We conclude that, at recommended doses, TDN and NNS have fewer effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk than does cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, USA. nbeno@ itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Neal L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Benowitz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Peyton
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D009538:Nicotine; D012083:Renin; D003367:Cotinine; D006854:Hydrocortisone