title: Estrogens affect endothelin-1 mRNA expression in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study effects of estrogens on endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA expression in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP-FGC cell line and its androgen-resistant derivative LNCaP-r. Further, if effects of estrone sulfate (E1S) are mediated via conversion to estradiol-17beta (E2). Estrogens have been shown to down-regulate ET-1, a mediator of the osteoblastic response of bone to metastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were grown in steroid-depleted medium and incubated for 2-4 and 48 hours with 0, 1, 10, and 100 nM of either E1S or E2. mRNA levels were measured with an RT-PCR technique. Estrogen metabolism by LNCaP-FGC cells was studied by incubation with estrone (E1) and E1S at the same conditions, followed by determination of E1 and E2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 mRNA expression in LNCaP-FGC cells was significantly suppressed by E2 and E1S following incubation for 2-4h but after 48 h only by E2 at 1 and 10nM and in LNCaP-r cells only by E2 at 100 nM following 2-4h of incubation. ET-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in untreated LNCaP-r than in untreated LNCaP-FGC cells. E1 was efficiently transformed into E2 by LNCaP-FGC cells but very little to E1 and no E2 was formed from E1S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET-1 mRNA expression in LNCaP-FGC can be inhibited by E2, but also by its prehormone E1S. The lack of formation of E2 from E1S suggests a mode of action not related to classical steroid receptors. The higher level of ET-1 mRNA expression found in LNCaP-r cells may reflect the capability of a hormone refractory tumor to maintain activity on its own, independently of known regulatory mechanisms such as sex steroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women and Child Health, Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Karolinska Institute, C4:U1 Karolinska Hospital, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. mirtha.grande@kbh.ki.se
authors.forename: Mirtha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carlström
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stege
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pousette
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faxén
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019332:Endothelin-1; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; C017296:estrone sulfate