title: Angiostatic proteins and peptides.
abstract: Angiogenesis, or the formation of new vasculature out of preexisting capillaries, is a sequence of events that is essential in the normal physiological processes of tissue growth and in a broad spectrum of pathologies. The diseases in which angiogenesis plays a key role are divided into diseases that are characterized by hypoxia/ ischemia and diseases that are dependent on neovascularization. The formerpathologies may benefit from therapeutic angiogenesis stimulation. This review concentrates on the different strategies to inhibit angiogenesis in diseases that are characterized by excessive angiogenesis, for example, cancer, arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and inflammatory diseases. These diseases are dependent on the development of newvasculature, and hence, a large variety of different strategies to inhibit angiogenesis are underwayin laboratories throughout the world. At present, over250 angiogenesis inhibitors are described, and approximately half of them display activity in in vivo models. A large percentage of these molecules are natural, nonnatural, or synthetic so-called small molecules. Others are of protein origin, either endogenous or exogenous by nature. The authors highlight the current knowledge on the development of angiostatic proteins and peptides and their potential in the treatment of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bouma-ter Steege
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Griffioen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D043168:Angiostatins; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D043169:Endostatins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000254:growth & development; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053402:PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001324:Autoantigens; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D043169:Endostatins; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016023:Integrins; D008222:Lymphokines; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C057112:type IV collagen alpha3 chain; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D043168:Angiostatins; D010958:Plasminogen; D003094:Collagen; D053402:PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase; C506231:PHEX protein, human