title: Three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of ocular and orbital malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrathin-section 3-dimensional fast spin-echo (3-D FSE) T2-weighted imaging is a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that we used in the evaluation of ocular and orbital malignancies. We evaluated the usefulness of this new technique compared with conventional MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging data from 26 consecutive patients seen in the Ocular Oncology Unit at the University of California-San Francisco were retrospectively reviewed by physicians from the ocular oncology and neuroradiology units. For all patients, 3-D FSE T2-weighted images (27 scans) were compared with results of conventional MRI and correlated with results of computed tomography (CT), A- and B-scan ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, clinical examinations, and histopathology, when available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-D FSE T2-weighted imaging sequence resulted in an overall improvement in accuracy of imaging findings in 17 (63%) of our 27 cases compared with the standard MRI protocol. The increased resolution led to the radiographic detection of additional lesions in 11 (41%) of 27 cases and to an increase in confidence in radiographic diagnosis in 6 (22%) of the remaining cases. The improved resolution of the 3-D FSE T2-weighted sequence resulted in a change of disease management in 3 (60%) of the 5 patients with nonretinoblastoma lesions. One hundred percent of active retinoblastoma lesions could be detected by means of 3-D FSE and conventional imaging; however, inactive lesions were not always detected using conventional imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3-D FSE T2-weighted sequence offers superior resolution of intraocular and orbital structures compared with conventional MRI. It is particularly useful in the evaluation of intraocular tumors and the nerve-sheath complex. This new technique contributes significantly to improved diagnosis and management in patients with ocular and orbital malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Francisco, 94143-0730, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCaffery
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fischbein
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimikawa
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography