title: Discriminating and locating character covariance: an application of permutation tail probability (PTP) analyses.
abstract: The ability of permutation tail probability (PTP) analyses to discriminate between character covariance and noise is investigated with both hypothetical and published data sets. PTP is shown to be a powerful tool, not only for detecting character covariance, but also for locating that covariance on trees. PTP is especially useful for evaluating DNA sequence data that may have a high level of homoplasy. A three-step PTP procedure for locating covaried characters is presented.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6. jinzhong@rom.on.ca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods*; D017839:Crotalus / Q000145:classification; D008954:Models, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D011336:Probability; D012455:Salamandridae / Q000145:classification