title: Long-term outcome is unchanged by antiepileptic drug treatment after a first seizure: a 15-year follow-up from a randomized trial in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 1989 we reported that 1 year of daily treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) significantly reduced the recurrence rate after a first afebrile seizure in children compared with no treatment in a randomized open trial. We sought to determine if the long-term clinical course and rate of remission were changed by treatment starting after the first seizure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the original trial (14 CBZ, 17 no medication) were contacted in 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen controls and 10 CBZ (84%) cases were followed up for 15 years. After randomization and follow-up, 12 controls and five treated patients had at least one more seizure (p = NS). For those with recurrences, the number of recurrences appeared to be the same in both groups. Number of medications used was also the same. Terminal remission (>2 years seizure free with or without medication) was achieved by eight (80%) of 10 CBZ and 14 (88%) of 16 controls, and terminal remission off medication in six (60%) of 10 CBZ (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this small study with long follow-up, it appears that for children treated with CBZ after a first seizure, the subsequent clinical course and remission rates are not improved in comparison with a no-treatment strategy. Delaying treatment after a first seizure appears defensible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, and the IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. camfield@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camfield
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camfield
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: Edythe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine