title: Androgen and retinoic acid interaction in LNCaP cells, effects on cell proliferation and expression of retinoic acid receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modulation of the expression of retinoic acid receptors (RAR) alpha and gamma in adult rat prostate by testosterone (T) suggests that RAR signaling events might mediate some of the androgen effects on prostate cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the interactions between T and retinoic acid (RA) in cell growth of human prostate carcinoma cells, LNCaP, and their relationship with the expression of RAR and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both T and RA, when administered alone, stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation in LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner; the effect of each agent was reciprocally attenuated by the other agent. Testosterone treatment of LNCaP cells also resulted in dose dependent, biphasic increases in RAR alpha and gamma mRNAs; increases paralleled that of 3H-thymidine incorporation and were attenuated by the presence of 100 nM RA. These results suggest a link between RAR signaling and the effect of T on LNCaP cell growth. Gel electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the presence of putative androgen responsive element (ARE) in the promoter region of RAR alpha gene, suggesting that a direct AR-DNA interaction might mediate the effects of T on RAR alpha gene. Furthermore, treatment of LNCaP cells with 20 nM T resulted in an increase in EGF-R. In contrast, EGF-R was suppressed by 100 nM RA that also suppressed the effect of T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current results demonstrate interactions between T and RA in the expression of RARs and cell growth in LNCaP cells. The presence of putative ARE in the promoter of the RAR alpha gene suggests that AR-DNA interaction might mediate the effects of T on RAR alpha gene. The opposite effects of T and RA on the expression of RAR and EGF-R suggest that signal events of these receptors might be involved in the interaction between T and RA in the control of LNCaP cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. huanghf@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Ming-Tang
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Chawnshang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Hosea
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D013739:Testosterone; D013936:Thymidine; D014212:Tretinoin; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C000607071:RARA protein, human; C000607073:Rara protein, rat