title: Functional significance of a highly conserved glutamate residue of the human noradrenaline transporter.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of glutamate residue 113 in transmembrane domain 2 of the human noradrenaline transporter in determining cell surface expression and functional activity. This residue is absolutely conserved in all members of the Na+- and Cl--dependent transporter family. Mutations to alanine (hE113A), aspartate (hE113D) and glutamine (hE113Q) were achieved by site-directed mutagenesis and the mutants were expressed in transfected COS-7 or HEK-293 cells. Cell surface expression of hE113A and hE113D, but not hE113Q, was markedly reduced compared with wild type, and functional noradrenaline uptake was detected only for the hE113Q mutant. The pharmacological properties of the hE113Q mutant showed very little change compared with wild type, except for a decrease in Vmax values for noradrenaline and dopamine uptake of 2-3-fold. However, the hE113D mutant showed very marked changes in its properties, compared with wild type, with 82-260-fold decreases in the affinities of the substrates, noradrenaline, dopamine and MPP+, and increased Na+ affinity for stimulation of nisoxetine binding. The results of the study show that the size and not the charge of the 113 glutamate residue of the noradrenaline transporter seems to be the most critical factor for maintenance of transporter function and surface expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sucic
authors.forename: Filip A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Paczkowski
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Runkel
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bönisch
authors.forename: Lesley J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bryan-Lluka
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D003042:Cocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003891:Desipramine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D027981:Symporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493227:SLC6A2 protein, human; D027981:Symporters; D005473:Fluoxetine; C011386:nisoxetine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012964:Sodium; D003042:Cocaine; D003891:Desipramine; D009638:Norepinephrine