title: Pregnancy after renal transplantation: experience in Singapore General Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal transplantation offers the best hope for those women with end-stage renal disease who wish to have children. However, pregnancy after renal transplantation is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the outcome of pregnancy in renal transplant patients in Singapore General Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two pregnancies, occurring between December 1986 and December 2000, in 25 out of 141 renal transplant women in their reproductive age group (18 to 45 years old) were identified from our high-risk pregnancy record and retrospectively analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen (31%) pregnancies were unsuccessful; 10 abortions, 2 ectopic pregnancies and 1 stillbirth. The remaining 29(69%) successful pregnancies were complicated by maternal anaemia (65.5%), superimposed hypertension (44.8%), premature rupture of membranes (27.6%), urinary (17.2%) and lower genital tract (13.8%) infections, abnormal glucose tolerance test (13.8%), premature delivery (44.8%), low-birth-weight babies (44.8%), small-for-gestational-age babies (20.7%) and intrauterine growth restriction (20.7%). There were no documented cases of multiple pregnancies, congenital anomalies or deterioration of renal function. The outcome of pregnancy was not statistically influenced by preconception renal function and transplant-conception interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful pregnancy is possible in women after renal transplantation. Such pregnancy is often associated with increased maternal and fetal complications and should be managed by a multidisciplinary approach in a tertiary centre. The function and survival of renal allograft was not adversely affected by pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: A S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vathsala
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000453:epidemiology; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome