title: Association of urinary albumin concentration with casual and ambulatory blood pressure: a similar relationship in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The urinary albumin level has been found to be positively correlated with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. To our knowledge, this relationship has not been evaluated in normotensive subjects and compared with that in hypertensives using casual and ambulatory blood pressure measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 234 normotensive and hypertensive participants wore an ambulatory blood pressure monitor for 24 h, standardized casual blood pressure measurements being taken. The urinary albumin concentration was determined by the dipstick Micral Test. The bivariate and multivariate relationship between urinary albumin concentration and demographic and blood pressure measures was investigated using correlational and regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of microalbuminuria was significantly greater in the hypertensive than normotensive participants. The urinary albumin concentration was positively associated with both casual and ambulatory measures of blood pressure in both the normotensive and hypertensive subsamples, stronger correlations being found for systolic blood pressure. The relationship between systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin concentration was similar in the normotensive and hypertensive subsamples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm earlier reports of the greater prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension than in normotensive participants, as well as those reporting a continuous relationship in hypertensive participants. This study extends prior research to a normotensive subsample, in whom a similar relationship of blood pressure to microalbuminuria, using both ambulatory and casual measures of blood pressure, was found. Future research should investigate the causal direction of this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Center, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York 10021, USA. LIG2002@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cedeno-Mero
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Pickering
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged