title: Thioalkalimicrobium cyclicum sp. nov. and Thioalkalivibrio jannaschii sp. nov., novel species of haloalkaliphilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline alkaline Mono Lake (California).
abstract: Two strains of haloalkaliphilic, obligately autotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the oxygen-sulfide interface water layer of stratified alkaline and saline Mono Lake, California, USA. Strain ALM 1T was a dominant species in enrichment on moderate-saline, carbonate-buffered medium (0.6 M total Na+, pH 10) with thiosulfate as an energy source and nitrate as a nitrogen source. Cells of ALM 1T are open ring-shaped and are non-motile. It has a high growth rate and activity of thiosulfate and sulfide oxidation and very low sulfur-oxidizing activity. Genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis suggested that ALM 1T (= DSM 14477T = JCM 11371T) represents a new species of the genus Thioalkalimicrobium in the gamma-Proteobacteria, for which the name Thioalkalimicrobium cyclicum sp. nov. is proposed. Another Mono Lake isolate, strain ALM 2T, dominated in enrichment on a medium containing 2 M total Na+ (pH 10). It is a motile vibrio which tolerates up to 4 M Na+ and produces a membrane-bound yellow pigment. Phylogenetic analysis placed ALM 2T as a member of genus Thioalkalivibrio in the gamma-Proteobacteria, although its DNA hybridization with the representative strains of this genus was only about 30%. On the basis of genetic and phenotypic properties, strain ALM 2T (= DSM 14478T = JCM 11372T) is proposed as Thioalkalivibrio jannaschii sp. nov..
authors.forename: Dimitry Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Gorlenko
authors.forename: Tat'yana P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tourova
authors.forename: Alexandre I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tsapin
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nealson
authors.forename: Gijs J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kuenen
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D003470:Culture Media; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013455:Sulfur