Roles for lipid phosphate phosphatases in regulation of cellular signaling.
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a family of integral membrane glycoproteins that catalyze the dephosphorylation of a number of bioactive lipid mediators including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and phosphatidic acid (PA). These mediators exert complex effects on cell function through both actions at cell surface receptors and on intracellular targets. The LPP-catalyzed dephosphorylation of these substrates can both terminate their signaling actions and itself generate further molecules with biological activity. Recent advances have revealed that a family of structurally related genes is responsible for LPP activities in species from yeast to mammals. These genes exhibit distinct but overlapping expression patterns and their products appear to be heterogeneous with respect to their posttranslational modification and subcellular localizations. Here we review the structure and catalytic properties of the LPPs and consider recent developments in understanding their cellular biology and functions.
Sciorra
Vicki A
VA
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Mollecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive CMM W318, La Jolla, CA 92093-0688, USA. vsciorra@ucsd.edu
Morris
Andrew J
AJ
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
C112948:lipid phosphate phosphatase; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase