title: Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting of replication competent adenovirus enhances cytotoxicity in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the delivery and oncolytic potential of targeted replication competent adenoviruses in bladder cancer lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven established human bladder cancer tumor lines (5637, SW800, TCCsup, J82, Scaber, T24 and 253J) were studied for the expression of integrins alpha(v)beta3, alpha(v)beta5, Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule antigens using flow cytometry analysis. Bispecific single chain Fv fragments were used to target replication deficient luciferase reporter adenovirus to EGF-R (425-s11) or to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (C28-s11) antigens. Moreover, a fiber modified adenovirus targeting alpha(v)-integrins was studied. Replication competent serotype-5 adenoviruses attenuated to replicate specifically in retinoblastoma pRb (Ad5-d24) or p53 deficient (Ad5-d55K) cells were tested in vitro for oncolytic properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low to absent Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression was found in 5 of the 7 tumor lines (SW800, J82, T24, 5637 and Scaber). EGF-R expression was found in all cell lines, whereas elevated epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression was seen in 3 (5637, Scaber and TCCsup), alpha(v)beta3-integrin was found in 1 (Scaber) and alpha(v)beta5-integrin was found in 3 (TCCsup, 253J and T24). EGF-R targeting using 425-s11 improved transgene expression in all cell lines from 2.1 to 12.5 times over nontargeted viruses. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule and integrin targeting was inferior to EGF-R targeting with a maximal increase in transgene expression of 2 times for epithelial cell adhesion molecule in 5637cells and 1.6 times for integrin targeting in T24 cells. Comparison of the wild-type replication competent virus with conditionally replicating adenoviruses (Ad5-d55K and Ad5-d24) showed superior oncolytic activity for the latter 2 in all lines. Furthermore, improved cytotoxicity (29% to 33%) was obtained in 4 of the 7 lines after pre-incubation of Ad5-d24 with 425-s11.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGF-R directed bispecific single chain antibodies enhance adenovirus mediated transgene expression and oncolysis in bladder cancer lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van der Poel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: van Beusechem
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haisma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Curiel
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000502:physiology; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000821:virology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016023:Integrins; D066246:ErbB Receptors