title: In vitro antioxidant activities of mouthrinses and their components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several forms of periodontal diseases (PD) are often associated with activated phagocytosing leukocytes and contemporary free radical production. Host antioxidant defenses could benefit from mouthrinses used as adjuncts to counteract plaque-associated bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine possible antioxidant activity (AA) of a number of antiseptic mouthrinses and of their stated active principles (AP), regardless of their efficacy as antimicrobial agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antioxidant activities of 11 mouthrinses and their active principles were tested with a specific spectrophotometric method. Comet assay was used to test whether pure chemical antioxidant activity actually corresponded to prevention of in vitro DNA fragmentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methylsalicylate-containing mouthrinses were the most effective. Several compounds, and some vehicles, behaved as antioxidants. Fibroblast DNA fragmentation was limited by preincubation with methylsalicylate-containing mouthrinse but was unaffected by treatment with chlorexidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results described herein indicate that several mouthrinses possess AA; such a property could be ascribed to either AP or vehicles or both. All the data were obtained in systems in vitro and the demonstration of in vivo AA is necessary. These findings could be useful in the treatment of some forms of PD and should be considered when arranging new mouthrinse formulations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy. mbattino@popcsi.unian.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battino
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fattorini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullon
mesh_terms: D000481:Allantoin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020552:Comet Assay; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014260:Triclosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D010710:Phosphates; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D000481:Allantoin; D000431:Ethanol; D014260:Triclosan; C057473:Listerine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C028097:fluocaril; C016837:zinc chloride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C033069:methyl salicylate; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine