title: Vitrification of human spermatozoa without cryoprotectants.
abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of vitrification (cooling rate approximately 10000(C/min) without cryoprotectants on swim-up prepared human spermatozoa in comparison to standard conventional freezing with cryoprotectants. Motility, morphology, rate of viability and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa were evaluated. The described method of cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen slush without cryoprotectants was effective and could be recommended for routine IVF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isachenko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dessole
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vargiu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dattena
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capobianco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isachenko
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen; D011247:Pregnancy; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D009584:Nitrogen