title: Sex differences in giant cell arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although it has been suggested that sex differences underlie the varying presentation of giant cell arteritis (GCA), this has not been proven. We compared medical history, symptoms, and signs in patients with GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study in the Hadassah University Hospitals in Jerusalem, Israel. We evaluated medical data of 88 patients (59 women, 29 men) admitted with the diagnosis of GCA or PMR between 1980 and 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of comorbidities among patients showed that non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accidents, and chronic renal failure are more prevalent in men, while hypertension has a trend to be more prevalent in women. In the clinical presentation of the disease, eye involvement is more prevalent in men, with a tendency towards blindness. Women tend to have higher prevalence of jaw involvement and complaints of polymyalgia. The sexes also seem to differ with respect to laboratory presentation of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men and women with GCA and PMR differ in their history, presentation, and laboratory findings. Our results recommend a more aggressive approach to male patients in view of the higher prevalence of severe eye involvement and blindness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nir-Paz
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Tova
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chajek-Shaul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001766:Blindness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors