title: Early statin initiation and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The secondary prevention benefit of therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has been clearly demonstrated; however, the role of early initiation of statins after acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of early statin initiation (< or = 7 days) after ACS with 90-day and 1-year outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort from databases of 2 randomized clinical trials, SYMPHONY and 2nd SYMPHONY.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred thirty-one clinical centers in 37 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12,365 ACS patients randomized from August 1997 to August 1999 who were not taking statins prior to the index ACS and who either started statin therapy early (median, 2.0 [interquartile range, 1.0-3.1] days after ACS; n = 3952) or survived more than 5 days after ACS and never received statin therapy (n = 8413).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-day incidence of death; death or myocardial infarction (MI); and death, MI, or severe recurrent ischemia; as well as 1-year incidence of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-day and 1-year unadjusted mortality comparison suggested early statin benefit (1.2% for early statins vs 2.1% for no statins; hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.81 for 90-day comparisons and 2.3% for early statins vs 4.4% for no statins; HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40-0.68 for 1-year comparison). However, no benefit was evident for 90-day death or MI (6.5% vs 6.9%; HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.11) or death, MI, or severe recurrent ischemia (9.2% vs 8.9%; HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.18). After propensity and covariate adjustment, there were no 90-day or 1-year differences between the early-statin group and the no-statin group. The 90-day adjusted HR for death was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.75-1.56); for death or MI, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.91-1.29); and for death, MI, or severe recurrent ischemia, 1.15 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34). One-year mortality-adjusted HR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.73-1.33). Among 2711 patients with core laboratory lipid analysis, early statin was associated with higher adjusted risk for death or death or MI at cholesterol levels below treatment guidelines but was more favorable at higher levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, there was no relationship between early initiation of statin therapy and improved outcomes although our subset analysis suggests that outcomes after early statin initiation may vary with cholesterol levels. Confirmation of early treatment effects of statins on outcomes awaits the results of adequately powered randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, PO Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715, USA. newby001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: L Kristin
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: Arni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kristinsson
authors.forename: Manjushri V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Bhapkar
authors.forename: Philip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: Alexios P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dimas
authors.forename: Werner W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Darren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moliterno
authors.forename: Freek W A
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.forename: W Douglas
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010091:Oximes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010091:Oximes; D010880:Piperidines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin; C100917:sibrafiban