title: Intensive, very short-term chemotherapy for advanced Burkitt's lymphoma in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the 63% event-free survival (EFS) achieved before 1986 in Murphy's stage III to IV Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), both chemotherapy and supportive care were intensified.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1987 to February 2001, 60 children, median age 9 years (range, 2.1 to 17 years), with advanced BL were enrolled onto two sequential institutional studies. From 1987 to 1992, 30 patients were stratified according to the absence (regimen IA, n = 19) or presence (regimen IB, n = 11) of bone marrow (BM) or CNS involvement. After 5-week cytoreductive chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, high-dose (HD) methotrexate (MTX), and intrathecal MTX or cytarabine, HD cytarabine and cisplatin were provided as a 4-day continuous infusion. Regimen IB was intensified by adding etoposide and HD ifosfamide and escalating MTX doses. Since 1992, regardless of BM or CNS status, 30 patients have been placed on regimen II, which is identical to IB but without ifosfamide. The scheduled duration of regimen II was 45 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EFS and disease-free survival at 5 years are 81% +/- 5% and 87% +/- 5%, respectively, for 59 assessable patients (73% +/- 8% and 85% +/- 7% for regimen IA + IB, 89% +/- 6%, EFS and disease-free survival, for regimen II; median follow-up, 6.7 years; range, 0.6 to 13.5 years). Six patients, two of whom were receiving regimen II, died as a result of initial treatment failure or relapse, and five patients, none receiving regimen II, died as a result of treatment-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 45-day intensive chemotherapy program is the shortest schedule for disseminated BL and overcomes previously recognized risk factors such as BM and CNS infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. f.spreafico@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massimino
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luksch
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: Graziella S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cefalo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polastri
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terenziani
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fossati-Bellani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010166:Palliative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide; D008727:Methotrexate