title: NHL25 and NHL3, two NDR1/HIN1-1ike genes in Arabidopsis thaliana with potential role(s) in plant defense.
abstract: The Arabidopsis genome contains 28 genes with sequence homology to the Arabidopsis NDR1 gene and the tobacco HIN1 gene. Expression analysis of eight of these genes identified two (NHL25 and NHL3 for NDR1/HIN1-like) that show pathogen-dependent mRNA accumulation. Transcripts did not accumulate during infection with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did accumulate specifically when the bacteria carried any of the four avirulence genes avrRpm1, avrRpt2, avrB, or avrRps4. Furthermore, expression of avrRpt2 in plants containing the corresponding resistance gene, RPS2, was sufficient to induce transcript accumulation. However, during infection with an avirulent oomycete, Peronospora parasitica isolate Cala-2, only NHL25 expression was reproducibly induced. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment can induce expression of NHL25 and NHL3. Studies performed on nahG plants showed that, during interaction with avirulent bacteria, only the expression of NHL25 but not that of NHL3 was affected. This suggests involvement of separate SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways, respectively, in the transcriptional activation of these genes. Bacteria-induced gene expression was not abolished in ethylene- (etrl-3 and ein2-1) and jasmonate- (coil-1) insensitive mutants or in mutants impaired in disease resistance (ndr1-1 and pad4-1). Interestingly, NHL3 transcripts accumulated after infiltration with the avirulent hrcC mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and nonhost bacteria but not with the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, suggesting that virulent bacteria may suppress NHL3 expression during pathogenesis. Hence, the expression patterns and sequence homology to NDR1 and HIN1 suggest one or more potential roles for these genes in plant resistance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Stress-and Developmental Biology, Halle/Saale, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varet
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tornero
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nass
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nürnberger
authors.forename: Jeffery L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dangl
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheel
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054883:Oxylipins; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C118837:EDS1 protein, Arabidopsis; D005030:Ethylenes; C102693:HIN1 protein, Nicotiana tabacum; C109369:NDR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C072239:methyl jasmonate; C036216:ethylene; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C400766:PAD4 protein, Arabidopsis; D020156:Salicylic Acid