title: Toxicity of cadmium and zinc mixtures to Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) cercarial survival.
abstract: The toxicity of cadmium and zinc mixtures at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10,000 microg/L was investigated against the survival of the free-living cercarial stage of the parasitic fluke Diplostomum spathaceum. Cercariae were exposed to metal mixtures of equal concentration, metal mixtures of unequal concentration, and low-dose pretreatment followed by high-dose exposure mixtures. Under all exposures cercarial survival was increased compared to that achieved with single metals. At exposures with metal mixture of equal concentration in the range 0.1-100 microg/L survival was increased compared to that achieved by controls. The mechanism of metal toxicity and their effects on cercarial survival are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. n.morley@rhul.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007814:Larva; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014200:Trematoda; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc