title: Increased hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 gene expression in a rat model of intrauterine growth retardation and subsequent insulin resistance.
abstract: Uteroplacental insufficiency and subsequent intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans and rats. Unsuppressed endogenous hepatic glucose production is a common component of the insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) mediates hepatic glucose production by controlling mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). We therefore hypothesized that gene expression of PGC-1 would be increased in juvenile IUGR rat livers, and this increase would directly correlate with hepatic mRNA levels of PEPCK, G-6-Pase, and FBPase, but not glucokinase. We found that IUGR hepatic PGC-1 protein levels were increased to 230 +/- 32% and 310 +/- 47% of control values at d 0 and d 21 of life, respectively. Similarly, IUGR hepatic PGC-1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated at both ages. Concurrent with the increased PGC-1 gene expression, IUGR hepatic mRNA levels of G-6-Pase, PEPCK, and FBPase were also significantly increased, whereas glucokinase mRNA levels were significantly decreased. These data suggest that increased PGC-1 expression and subsequent hepatic glucose production contribute to the insulin resistance observed in the IUGR juvenile rat.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, 90095-1752, USA. rlane@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Nicole K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Janke
authors.forename: Tho D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Pham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000235:genetics*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1