title: Facial pattern categories of sleep breathing-disordered children using Ricketts analysis.
abstract: The facial patterns of 29 children under the age of 15 years with tonsil and/or adenoid and sleep disorder problems was analysed. The lateral-cephalograms of these patients was digitized in a zero-based computer program using Ricketts analysis to examine facial patterns. Results of the analysis were compared with the mean of the control group, n = 41 (9-year-old Japanese children). There were significant differences (P < 0.01-0.001) between the patient group and the control group when comparing the facial axis, lower facial height, mandibular arc, total facial height, and McNamara-Pogonion. The facial pattern of children with sleep breathing disorders was discovered to be the dolico facial pattern.
authors.affiliation: Cosmos Orthodontic Office, Narita, Chiba, Japan. cosmos@pluto.dti.ne.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higurashi
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itasaka
authors.forename: Sintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nezu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005145:Face; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000503:physiopathology*