title: Comparative study of the thermostabilizing properties of mannosylglycerate and other compatible solutes on model enzymes.
abstract: The protection of mannosylglycerate, at 0.5 M concentration, against heat inactivation of the model enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was compared to that exerted by other compatible solutes, namely, trehalose, ectoine, hydroxyectoine, di- myo-inositol phosphate, diglycerol phosphate, and mannosylglyceramide. Mannosylglycerate and hydroxyectoine were the best stabilizers of the enzyme and showed comparable protective effects. Diglycerol phosphate, trehalose, and mannosylglyceramide protected the enzyme to a lower extent. Ectoine conferred no protection, and di- myo-inositol phosphate had a strong destabilizing effect. The superior ability of mannosylglycerate to prevent LDH inactivation was accompanied by a higher efficiency in preventing LDH aggregation induced by heat stress. Moreover, mannosylglycerate induced an increase of 4.5 degrees C in the melting temperature of LDH, whereas the same molar concentration of trehalose caused an increase of only 2.2 degrees C. The effectiveness of mannosylglycerate in protecting LDH was also compared to that of other chemically related compounds: mannose, methyl-mannoside, potassium glycerate, glucosylglycerol, glycerol, and glucose. Mannosylglycerate conferred the highest protection, but glucosylglycerol and potassium glycerate were very efficient; glucose exerted a low degree of protection, glycerol and methyl-mannoside had no significant effect, and mannose caused destabilization. Mannosylglycerate was also a good thermoprotectant of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, an enzyme with a net charge opposite to that of LDH under the working conditions. Given the superior performance of mannosylglycerate as a thermoprotectant of enzyme activity in vitro, it is conceivable that it also fulfills a protein thermoprotective function in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Apt. 127, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Neil D H
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005988:Glyceric Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008358:Mannose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
chemical_list: D005988:Glyceric Acids; C402688:mannosylglycerate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008358:Mannose