title: The sonographic appearance of acute focal pyelonephritis 8 years experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute focal pyelonephritis (AFP) is a variant of pyelonephritis in which single or multiple discrete areas show changes of inflammation. The reported sonographic appearances of AFP are varied but are typically described as being echopoor. The purpose of this study was to review the sonographic appearances of AFP and attempt to explain the range of findings by correlation with clinical details.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed retrospectively the sonographic findings and medical records of 17 cases of AFP. The study group consisted of 13 women and four men (mean age 20 years). Lesions were designated as echogenic, echopoor or of mixed echogenicity as compared to the adjacent renal cortex, and to the liver or spleen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The abnormal areas were echogenic in 12 patients, echopoor in three and of mixed echogenicity in two. An attempt was made to explain the variation in appearances by correlation with clinical details including the patient's age, the duration of symptoms, the length of antibiotic treatment and the presence of haematuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Areas of acute focal pyelonephritis may be echogenic, echopoor or of mixed echogenicity. Our data would suggest that areas of increased echogenicity are more common. There is no discernible correlation with clinical findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, U.K. kimfarmer8@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kim D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gellett
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dubbins
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents