title: In vivo manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reveals connections and functional properties of the songbird vocal control system.
abstract: Injection of manganese (Mn(2+)), a paramagnetic tract tracing agent and calcium analogue, into the high vocal center of starlings labeled within a few hours the nucleus robustus archistriatalis and area X as observed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Structures highlighted by Mn(2+) accumulation assumed the expected tri-dimensional shape of the nucleus robustus archistriatalis and area X as identified by classical histological or neurochemical methods. The volume of these nuclei could be accurately calculated by segmentation of the areas highlighted by Mn(2+). Besides confirming previously established volumetric sex differences, Mn(2+) uptake into these nuclei revealed new functional sex differences affecting Mn(2+) transport. A faster transport was observed in males than in females and different relative amounts of Mn(2+) were transported to nucleus robustus archistriatalis and area X in males as compared to females. This new in vivo approach, allowing repeated measures, opens new vistas to study the remarkable seasonal plasticity in size and activity of song-control nuclei and correlate neuronal activity with behavior. It also provides new insights on in vivo axonal transport and neuronal activity in song-control nuclei of oscines.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Imaging Laboratory, RUCA, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. avadelin@ruca.ua.ac.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhoye
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Meir
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tindemans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Absil
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balthazart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008845:Microinjections; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese