title: Cell death by pyruvate deficiency in proliferative cultured calvarial osteoblasts.
abstract: Cell survival was significantly decreased in primary cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts in vitro at Day 0, 1, and 3 by replacement of the standard culture medium (alpha-modified minimum essential medium; alpha-MEM) with Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM). Decreased cell survival was also observed following medium replacement in cultures of murine calvaria-derived osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Staining with Hoechst33342 revealed apoptotic cells with fragmented or condensed nuclei, while a fraction of the cell culture was stained with propidum iodide, indicating necrosis. Marked increases in DNA binding of both activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB were found in nuclear extracts of cells following medium replacement. The addition of either pyruvate or cysteine at each concentration found in alpha-MEM almost entirely prevented cell death associated with medium replacement at Day 3. These results suggest that pyruvate and cysteine may be essential factors for cell growth and survival in osteoblast cultures at the proliferative phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hinoi
authors.forename: Sayumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takemori
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D019289:Pyruvic Acid