title: MR imaging and in vivo proton spectroscopy of the brain in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have suggested the potential utility of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy for the evaluation of brain injury in the asphyxiated neonates. We present our initial experience with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy in neonates who were diagnosed as having hypoxic injury on clinical examination and the severity of the insult was graded using Sarnat staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging and in vivo proton MR spectroscopy was performed in 16 neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) to correlate the imaging and metabolite abnormality with clinical severity of the condition at the time of insult and with outcome at 2 months of age. The ratios of different metabolites were calculated as observed on MR spectroscopy from an 8 ml voxel that included thalami, basal ganglia and part of the ventricular system using spin echo technique with an echo time of 135 ms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the spectroscopy were compared with imaging abnormalities and Sarnat's clinical staging of HIE. MR Imaging abnormalities included basal ganglia, thalamic and periventricular hemorrhage and periventricular hyperintensities and were noticed in 8/16 neonates with different stages of HIE. Maximum imaging abnormalities were noted in stage II (6/9) followed by stage III (1/2) and stage I (1/5), respectively. The alpha-Glx resonance at 3.76 ppm was seen in 14/16, Glycine at 3.56 ppm (Gly) was seen in 10/16 and Lactate (L) at 1.33 ppm was observed in 4/16 neonates with HIE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR spectroscopy was more sensitive than imaging in detecting the insult due to HIE and increased concentration of alpha-Glx/Cr and Gly/Cr correlated better with severity of the HIE. The demonstration of L was associated with poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, KG's Medical College, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rathi
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male