title: Endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after living-donor liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous interventional management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous balloon angioplasty (n = 5) and stent placement (n = 22) were attempted in 27 patients with hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Patient follow-up included clinical and laboratory data collection, Doppler ultrasonography (US), hepatic venography, and computed tomography. The following parameters were documented retrospectively: technical success and complications, clinical improvement, and recurrence. Technical success was defined as elimination or successful reduction of pressure gradients across the stenosis and clinical success was defined as amelioration of presenting signs. Recurrence was defined as relapse of clinical signs with hepatic venous anastomotic restenosis on Doppler US.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in all patients. The mean pressure gradients across the stenoses before and after the procedure were 10.6 mm Hg +/- 6.4 (range, 3-39 mm Hg) and 2.4 mm Hg +/- 2.6 (range, 0-8 mm Hg), respectively (P < .001). Three of the five patients who underwent balloon angioplasty developed recurrent stenosis 1-5 weeks after the procedure. These patients underwent repeat balloon angioplasty, and two of them eventually underwent stent placement (n = 1) or surgical repositioning (n = 1) of the graft. Three of the 22 patients who underwent stent placement required a second stent placement procedure because of malpositioning, partial migration, and acute angulation. During the mean follow-up period of 49 weeks +/- 47 (range, 3-214 wk), clinical success was achieved in 20 of 27 patients (73%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous interventional management is an effective and safe adjunct for the treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after LDLT.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1, Poongnap-Dong, Songpa-Ku, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Gi-Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kyu-Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Hyun-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Tae-Seok
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Sung Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler