title: Distributions of endometrial NK cells, B cells, T cells, and Th2/Tc2 cells fail to predict pregnancy outcome following recurrent abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of immunophenotypes of endometrial leukocytes from patients with histories of recurrent abortion to predict outcome of subsequent pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen women with two successive spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype in the conceptus and 15 women with male-factor infertility were studied. Subsequent pregnancy outcomes in 17 recurrent abortion patients were noted; 11 had live birth, while six aborted in the first trimester. All of 15 women with male-factor infertility became pregnant after therapy, resulting in live birth in all cases. Endometrium was sampled during the peri-implantation period before subsequent pregnancy. We immunostained paraffin-embedded sections for lymphocyte markers including natural killer (NK) cell markers, CD56 and CD16, a B-cell marker CD20, T-cell markers CD3 and CD8, and a specific T-helper(Th)2 and T-cytotoxic (Tc)2 marker termed 'chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells' (CRTH2). Immunoreactive cells for these antigens were counted and positivity ratios to CD45- or CD3-positive cells were calculated. These parameter were compared between 17 patients with histories of recurrent abortion and 15 control women and also compared between 11 patients whose subsequent pregnancy was successful and six patients whose subsequent pregnancy was a failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numbers of CD45+, CD56+, CD16+, CD20+, CD3+, CD8+, and CRTH2+ cells in recurrent abortion patients resembled those in controls. No significant difference in lymphocyte subset numbers or ratios was noted between patients whose subsequent pregnancy was successful and those who again aborted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could not predict pregnancy outcome by immunophenotypic analysis of endometrium in women with recurrent abortion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michimata
authors.forename: Mayumi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzumori
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Sigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011255:Pregnancy Maintenance / Q000276:immunology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology