title: The reliability of endtidal CO2 in spontaneously breathing children during anaesthesia with laryngeal mask airway, low flow, sevoflurane and caudal epidural.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noninvasive devices for monitoring endtidal CO2 (PECO2) are in common use in paediatric anaesthesia. Questions have been raised concerning the reliability of these devices in spontaneous breathing children during surgery. Our anaesthetic technique for elective infraumbilical surgery consists of spontaneous breathing through a Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA), low fresh gas flow, sevoflurane and a caudal epidural. We wanted to compare PECO2 and arterial CO2 (PaCO2) during surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children, aged 1-6 years, scheduled for infraumbilical surgery, were studied and one arterial sample was taken 45 min after induction of anaesthesia. PECO2, inspiratory PCO2, oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure and expiratory sevoflurane concentration were measured every 5 min. The respiratory and circulatory parameters were stable during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean PaCO2 - PECO2 difference was 0.15 (0.16) kPa [1.1 (1.2 mmHg)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PECO2 is a good indicator of PaCO2 in our anaesthetic setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. tilper@online.no
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aasheim
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasting
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mostad
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aadahl
mesh_terms: D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane