title: Safer and unsafe injection drug use and sex practices among injection drug users in Halifax, Nova Scotia. An exploratory look at community and interpersonal influences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This qualitative study sought to explore the community and interpersonal (e.g., peer) influences affecting safer and unsafe injection drug use and sexual practices among injection drug users (IDUs) living in and around Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty semi-structured interviews were conducted with IDUs, and key themes were identified. Two focus groups were also conducted to obtain feedback on the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are key community and peer influences on drug use and sex practices. Needle exchange provides community access to clean needles, but when the needle exchange is closed, accessibility is an issue. Peers at times assist in reducing sharing by providing clean needles to friends who are without a needle or cannot access needles because of their circumstances (e.g., in prison). Peers also sometimes encourage condom use, but in certain contexts (e.g., with an intimate partner) condom use is often not supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expanded and new prevention strategies--especially those utilizing peers--are urgently needed to discourage unsafe practices, and encourage safer practices among this population.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3J5. lois.jackson@dal.ca
authors.forename: Lois A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: J Ken
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: Debbie D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Babineau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000523:psychology; D009674:Nova Scotia; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000523:psychology*; D012923:Social Class; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology*