title: High-dose versus conventional-dose chemotherapy as first-salvage treatment in patients with non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors: a matched-pair analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with conventional-dose chemotherapy (CDCT) as first-salvage treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-three patients with relapsed or refractory NSGCT, between 1981 and 1995, were identified from two large databases. In 74 of these, intensification of first-salvage treatment by HDCT was planned. Patients were matched based on primary tumor location, response to first-line treatment, duration of this response and serum levels of the tumor markers, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Multivariate analyses were performed using event-free survival and overall survival as primary endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Full matches on all five factors were found for 38 pairs of patients; for a further 17 pairs, matches on at least four factors could be identified. Hazard ratios in favor of HDCT were obtained between 0.72 and 0.84 [confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.01] for event-free survival and between 0.77 and 0.83 (CI 0.60-0.99) for overall survival, depending on the type of analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current analysis suggests a benefit from HDCT, with an estimated absolute improvement in event-free survival of between 6 and 12% and in overall survival of between 9 and 11% at 2 years. This benefit is lower than expected from previous phase I/II studies.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinikum der Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany. joerg.beyer@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stenning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fossa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siegert
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome