title: Cytokines induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human atheroma-asociated cells: implications for persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection.
abstract: This study shows that vascular smooth muscle cells express significantly higher levels of gamma interferon-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity than endothelium or mononuclear cells. Since IDO activity is linked to persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, our results suggest that smooth muscle cells may be an important reservoir of that organism in atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Research Division Department of Pathology and Leducq Center for Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sakash
authors.forename: Gerald I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lichtman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000201:enzymology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C007772:N'-formylkynurenine; D007737:Kynurenine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014364:Tryptophan; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase