title: Pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and clinical properties of olopatadine hydrochloride, a new antiallergic drug.
abstract: Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine, 11-[(Z)-3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid monohydrochloride) is a novel antiallergic/histamine H1-receptor antagonistic drug that was synthesized and evaluated in our laboratories. Oral administration of olopatadine at doses of 0.03 mg/kg or higher inhibited the symptoms of experimental allergic skin responses, rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma in sensitized guinea pigs and rats. Olopatadine is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist possessing inhibitory effects on the release of inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene and thromboxane from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils. Olopatadine also inhibited the tachykininergic contraction in the guinea pig bronchi by prejunctional inhibition of peripheral sensory nerves. Olopatadine exerted no significant effects on action potential duration in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes, myocardium and human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel. Olopatadine was highly and rapidly absorbed in healthy human volunteers. The urinary excretion of olopatadine accounted for not less than 58% and the contribution of metabolism was considerably low in the clearance of olopatadine in humans. Olopatadine is one of the few renal clearance drugs in antiallergic drugs. Olopatadine was shown to be useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in double-blind clinical trials. Olopatadine was approved in Japan for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, eczema dermatitis, prurigo, pruritus cutaneous, psoriasis vulgaris and erythema exsudativum multiforme in December, 2000. Ophthalmic solution of olopatadine was also approved in the United States for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in December, 1996 (Appendix: also in the European Union, it was approved in February 2002).
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Suntogun, Shizuoka, Japan. kenji.ohmori@kyowa.co.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaise
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Akimichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukouyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride