title: Egyptian propolis: 3. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical composition of propolis from reclaimed lands.
abstract: The free radical scavenging effect of two propolis samples collected from reclaimed land, Egypt as well as of vitamin C and caffeic acid in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical system was determined. The antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli and Candida albicans) activity was also investigated. The results of the free radical scavenging effect of El-Saff and Ismailia propolis showed a concentration-dependent activity. The antioxidant activity was varied according to the examined material. It was obvious that caffeic acid and vitamin C showed the highest activity if compared with the propolis samples. El- Saff propolis had a higher antioxidant activity than Ismailia propolis, it showed a higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and a higher anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans. While the Ismailia propolis had a higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, than El-Saff propolis. The chemical composition of propolis samples was investigated by GC/MS, where 75 compounds were identified, 22 being new for propolis. The Ismailia propolis was characterized by the presence of a highly significant amount of aromatic acid esters (47.3%) and triterpenoids (17.3%), while El-Saff propolis contained 3% and 1.9% respectively. The new esters belonged to 4-methoxyhydrocinnamic acid, hydroferulic acid and ferulic acid. El-Saff propolis had a very high significant amount (27%) of 2,6-bis-(pentanyloxy)-4-pentanylphenethanol, which is also a new compound for propolis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ahmedgaffer@mailer.suc.eun.eg
authors.forename: Ahmed G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hegazi
authors.forename: Faten K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Abd El Hady
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D004534:Egypt; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005843:Geography; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004224:Diterpenes; D004952:Esters; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014315:Triterpenes; D011429:Propolis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid