title: Cortical, brainstem and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of central and autonomic dysfunction by means of electroencephalographic (EEG) and cardio-pneumographic recording (CPGR) in infants with Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus (PHH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen infants with PHH were studied, born from October 1998 to January 2000. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cephalic perimeter measurement and ultrasonographic study. Eight channel bipolar EEG and CPGR were performed after sleep deprivation, EEG features studied were: Temporal organization, symmetry, synchrony, frequency of normal and abnormal patterns. CPGR features studied were: Frequency of apnea and temporal organization by means of beat to beat variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Averages of birth's age and weight, Apgar scores at one and five minutes, and cephalic perimeter showed lower values in PHH infants. PHH infants showed abnormalities in EEG and CPGR such as: Higher discontinuous activity (63%), asymmetry (73%), asynchrony (89%), abnormal EEG patterns (89%), apnea (26%) and absence of heart rate variability (63%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEG and CPGR recordings are a useful tools in the examination of infants with PHH. These findings suggest cortical-subcortical, and brainstem dysfunction with severe encephalopathy and autonomic nervous dysfunction related to ventricular dilatation in infants with PHH.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Pediátrico de Peralvillo DDF.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poblano
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sosa
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001724:Birth Weight; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006819:Hyaline Membrane Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology