title: Joint toxicity of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and pyrene on Folsomia fimetaria.
abstract: Surfactants may enhance the biodegradation of hydrophobic substances in soils. This has partly been attributed to an increase in the bioavailability, brought about by the presence of surfactants. The aim of this study was to examine the ecotoxicological effects of the detergent linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene, alone and in combination, using the survival and reproduction of the collembolan Folsomia fimetaria as endpoints. The EC(50) and EC(10) were 803 and 161 mg kg(-1) for LAS, and 23 and 15 mg kg(-1) for pyrene. If LAS was able to increase the bioavailability of pyrene to springtails, it was expected that the combined effect of the two substances would exceed the effect found for each of the compounds tested separately. However, the results showed no effect of LAS on the toxicity of pyrene in the concentration range tested (1-750 mg LAS kg(-1) dry weight). Both the toxic unit concept and the isobologram method indicated that an additive approach would be the most useful when assessing the risk of these two compounds.
authors.affiliation: National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, DK-8600, Denmark. john.jensen@dmu.dk
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Line E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sverdrup
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D007313:Insecta; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011721:Pyrenes; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid; C030984:pyrene