title: Upper lip fistulas: three new cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present three new cases of congenital upper lip fistula. Two of them were located in the philtrum midline, one of which was associated to a double maxillary frenulum, a medial lip cleft, and a medial cleft of the primitive palate. The other was located in the left side of the vermilion. All three patients had clear fluid discharge through the fistulous orifice without pain. Two of them had a history of recurrent swelling of the philtrum area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple surgical excision is the treatment of choice in these cases, in which the anatomy is preserved; this fact is more consistent with a completed but aberrant development than with focal dysgenesis.
authors.affiliation: Unitat Integrada Hopsital Clínic-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. julia_sancho@hsjdbcn.org
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cusi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007742:Labial Frenum / Q000002:abnormalities; D008047:Lip Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery