title: A survey of ethical issues surrounding supply of information to members of the public by hospital pharmacy medicines information centres.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine ways in which medicines information pharmacists approach ethical dilemmas encountered in information supply, to appreciate the factors affecting any observed variation in responses, and to identify and training deficits among medicines information (MI) pharmacists in this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was circulated to all medicines information pharmacists working in the hospital pharmacy service in the United Kingdom. The survey presented ten realistic scenarios involving requests for information on a variety of topics from 'lay' callers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents were asked to identify any perceived ethical dilemmas presented by the scenarios and to indicate their preferred replies. Details on training given or received in this area were also requested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 151 of 286 questionnaires mailed (52.8%), representing 137 discrete DI centres throughout the UK. Postgraduate clinical qualifications were possessed by 71% of respondents. Just 32 (21.2%) indicated that they gave training on ethical issues surrounding information supply while 57 (37.1%) said they had received such training. Over half (54.3%) had neither received nor delivered training on ethical issues. Of the 32 who said they gave training, 21 had received training themselves. Only 4 (2.6%) said they had a protocol in place for dealing with enquiries from members of the public.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was considerable variation in how respondents thought the scenarios might be resolved, emphasising the varying levels of appreciation of the issues and lack of a uniform approach to management. An interesting dichotomy emerged between liberal and conservative approaches. Liberal pharmacists clearly believed that all MI data is in the public domain and should be produced and evaluated on request because patients have a "right" to it. The conservative pharmacists had a more protective attitude toward the patient and believed that patients should not be given information by MI pharmacists directly; rather that it should be channelled through the patient's doctor. These two approaches are not incompatible, and may be adopted by the same pharmacist at different times. From their observations, the authors propose a basis of an ethical guideline for MI pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: Wessex Drug and Medicines Information Centre, Southampton General Hospital.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astbury
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007253:Information Centers / Q000941:ethics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000941:ethics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000941:ethics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000941:ethics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires