title: Ion channel are sensitive to gravity changes.
abstract: The effects of gravity on alamethicin doped planar lipid bilayers and on reconstituted porins of Escherichia coli outer membrane, respectively, have been investigated in this paper. The aim of the study was to find out whether and how gravity influences the highly stratified system: membrane-ion channel, in order to provide a novel approach to the explanation of gravity effects on living systems. This is necessary, as even single cells can react to gravity changes without having perceptive organelles. The mechanism of this detection is not clear yet. One possibility might be the detection of gravity by the membrane itself, or by the interaction of integral membrane proteins with gravity. Here we show for the first time that gravity directly influences the integral open state probability of native ion channels (porins) incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. Under hypergravity, especially the open state probability of porins is increased, whereas it is decreased in the microgravity case. The dependency is sigmoidal with the steepest region at 1 to 1.3 g. In the light of these experiments, a general effect of gravity on ion channels and membranes seems to be reasonable, possibly providing an explanation for several impacts of gravity on living systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physiology, Dept. of Membrane Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgard, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldermann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000408:Alamethicin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006112:Gravitation; D018466:Gravity Sensing / Q000502:physiology*; D018470:Gravity, Altered; D018471:Hypergravity; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D018272:Porins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D018272:Porins; D000408:Alamethicin