title: Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) movement of neuroprosthetic devices can be controlled by the activity of cortical neurons when appropriate algorithms are used to decode intended movement in real time. Previous studies assumed that neurons maintain fixed tuning properties, and the studies used subjects who were unaware of the movements predicted by their recorded units. In this study, subjects had real-time visual feedback of their brain-controlled trajectories. Cell tuning properties changed when used for brain-controlled movements. By using control algorithms that track these changes, subjects made long sequences of 3D movements using far fewer cortical units than expected. Daily practice improved movement accuracy and the directional tuning of these units.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6006, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Stephen I Helms
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tillery
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception