Guilty by mere association: evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect.
Five experiments investigated the phenomenon that attitude formation is not confined to the co-occurrence of an attitudinal object with an evaluated experience. The pairing of a target with a (dis)liked person not only affects the evaluation of the previously neutral person but spreads to other individuals who are (pre)associated with the target (spreading attitude effect). Experiments 1 and 2 provided evidence for the spreading attitude effect in appetitive as well as aversive evaluative conditioning. Experiment 3 showed that the spreading attitude effect is a robust phenomenon resistant to extinction. Experiment 4 demonstrated that attitude spread can be transferred to 2nd-order conditioning. Finally, Experiment 5 supports the notion that the spreading attitude effect is not dependent on cognitive resources. Implications for social as well as applied psychology are discussed.
Walther
Eva
E
Department of Pyschology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. eva.walther@psychologie.uni-heidelberg.de
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001244:Association; D001290:Attitude; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology