title: Evaluation of kangaroo pericardium as an alternative substitute for reconstructive cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioprosthetic materials (human, bovine and porcine) are used in various cardio-thoracic repair and replacement procedures because of excellent performance and low thrombogenicity. These bioprosthetic substitutes fail due to degeneration and calcification. This study examines the morphology, tensile properties and calcification potential of kangaroo pericardium in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine (control tissue) and kangaroo pericardium, fixed in 0.625% buffered glutaraldehyde, were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. A standard method was used for biaxial testing. Pericardial strips (10 x 5 mm) were implanted subcutaneously into male Wistar rats and retrieved after 4, 6 and 8 weeks and examined by Von Kossa's stain technique and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histology revealed serosa and fibrosa cell layers in both tissues. Electron microscopy showed a densely arranged collagen matrix in kangaroo pericardium. Kangaroo pericardium calcified significantly less than bovine pericardium at 4 weeks (0.80+/-0.28 versus 21.60+/-4.80 microg/mg) at 6 weeks (0.48+/-0.08 versus 32.80+/-14.4 microg/mg) and at 8 weeks (2.40+/-1.20 versus 30.40+/-17.20 microg/mg), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kangaroo pericardium has a densely arranged collagen matrix with a higher extensibility and significantly lower calcification potential. Therefore, kangaroo pericardium could be used as an alternative substitute in cardiac surgery because of its low calcification potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fremantle Heart Institute, Fremantle, Western Australia. Leon.Neething@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: W M L
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Neethling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Van Den Heever
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hodge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002417:Cattle; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007614:Macropodidae; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010496:Pericardium / Q000637:transplantation*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium