title: Gammadelta T cells promote a Th1 response during coxsackievirus B3 infection in vivo: role of Fas and Fas ligand.
abstract: Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions regulate disease outcome in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis. MRL(+/+) mice infected with CVB3 develop severe myocarditis, a dominant CD4(+) Th1 (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma(+)]) response to the virus, and a predominance of gammadelta T cells in the myocardial infiltrates. MRL lpr/lpr and MRL gld/gld mice, which lack normal expression of Fas and express a mutated FasL, respectively, have minimal myocarditis and show a dominant CD4(+) Th2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4(+)]) phenotype to CVB3. Spleen cells from virus-infected wild-type, lpr, and gld animals proliferate equally to virus in vitro. Adoptive transfer of gammadelta T cells from hearts of CVB3-infected MRL(+/+) mice (FasL(+)) into infected MRL gld/gld recipients (FasL(-)/Fas(+)) restores both disease susceptibility and Th1 cell phenotype. However, transfer of these cells into MRL lpr/lpr recipients (FasL(+)/Fas(-)) did not promote myocarditis and the viral response remained Th2 biased. This paralleled the expression of very high surface levels of FasL by myocardial gammadelta T cells, as well as their propensity to selectively lyse Th2 virus-specific CD4(+) T cells. These results demonstrate that Fas/FasL interactions conferred by gammadelta T cells on lymphocyte subpopulations may regulate the cytokine response to CVB3 infection and pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. Sally.Huber@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Cuixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ralph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Budd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D019014:fas Receptor; D007371:Interferon-gamma