title: A preventative foot care programme for people with diabetes with different stages of neuropathy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a preventative foot care programme, applied in a normal outpatient setting to decrease the incidence of foot ulcers in people with diabetes diagnosed as having neuropathy by neuropathy disability score (NDS), in relation to the severity of neuropathy based on the vibration perception threshold (VPT). A structured continuous preventative foot care programme was designed to ensure proper footwear, walking foot hygiene, callus care, nailcutting, water temperature checks, use of warming devices, bathroom surgery, foot care products and self-inspection. Continual foot-care education and treatment, including podiatry, were available. Evaluation was at least every 6 months. Diabetic patients (n=308) with neuropathy (NDS > or =6), 72.3+/-10.7 years old, 45% men, 10.9+/-8.8 years duration of diabetes, and HbA(1c) 6.5+/-1.3%, without a history of foot lesions were recruited over 3 years and followed-up for 4.6 (3-6) years. A low risk group (n=124) had a VPT<25 V while 184 had a VPT > or =25 V (high risk). In all 220 patients (71%) complied with the programme, compliance being 76 and 68% in low and high risk groups. The low risk group developed nine ulcers in nine patients, and the high risk group 24 ulcers in 19 patients. Of these eight and 19 ulcers, respectively, were in the non-compliant patient group, giving relative risk of 22 and eight compared with people attending the programme. Thus compliance with a preventative foot programme reduces the incidence of foot ulceration in people with diabetes with neuropathy. This decrease is relatively greater in patients with less severity of neuropathy. The simple design should be widely generalisable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, C/Martin Lagos s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain. acalle@hcsc.insalud.es
authors.forename: Alfonso L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Calle-Pascual
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedí
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Aniceto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charro
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marañes
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabezas-Cerrato
mesh_terms: D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D016523:Foot Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration