title: Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention following coronary artery bypass graft--a descriptive analysis of the changing interface between interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite decreasing rates of acute and subacute complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), these procedures are generally only performed in centers where it is possible for failed PCI to be treated by rescue coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Case reports and case series have documented successful PCI following failed CABG. We sought to confirm this decrease in the need for rescue CABG following failed PCI and to examine trends in the utilization of rescue PCI following failed CABG.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The interface between interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon is characterized by changing practice patterns and resource utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the medical records of all patients admitted to the Brigham and Women's Hospital over a 7-year period and identified 169 patients who required both PCI and CABG during the same hospital admission. We describe and compare three predetermined groups of patients defined by the sequence of, and indication for, the relevant myocardial revascularization procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 100 patients required CABG for failed PCI, 46 patients had planned hybrid procedures involving both CABG and PCI, and 23 patients required PCI following failed CABG. There was a decrease in the need for rescue CABG following failed PCI, both in total numbers and as a percentage of total cases (2.5% in 1994 and 0.22% in 1999). There was a simultaneous increase in the utilization of rescue PCI following failed CABG (0% in 1994 and 1.6% in 2000). Hybrid procedures were identified as a source of innovative solutions to a variety of challenging clinical problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changing patterns of resource utilization should be considered when planning hospital facilities and patient triage, and these patients undergoing percutaneous or surgical revascularization may benefit from close cooperation between the cardiac surgeon and the interventional cardiologist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orford
authors.forename: Gavin J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Marco V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Wainstein
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Selwyn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002309:Cardiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome