title: Genome-wide profiling of gene expression in 29 normal human tissues with a cDNA microarray.
abstract: We have performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles in 25 adult and 4 fetal human tissues by means of a cDNA microarray consisting of 23,040 human genes. This study revealed a number of genes that were expressed specifically in each of those tissues. Among the 29 tissues examined, 4,080 genes were highly expressed (at least a five-fold expression ratio) in one or only a few tissues and 1,163 of those were expressed exclusively (more than a ten-fold higher expression ratio) in a particular tissue. Expression of some of the genes in the latter category was confirmed by northern analysis. A hierarchical clustering analysis of gene-expression profiles in nerve tissues (adult brain, fetal brain, and spinal cord), lymphoid tissues (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph node), muscle tissues (heart and skeletal muscle), or adipose tissues (mesenteric adipose and mammary gland) identified a set of genes that were commonly expressed among related tissues. These data should provide useful information for medical research, especially for efforts to identify tissue-specific molecules as potential targets of novel drugs to treat human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito-Hisaminato
authors.forename: Toyomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Soji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D005333:Fetus; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; C089187:cyanine dye 3; C085321:cyanine dye 5