title: N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer women in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six lean and 31 obese subjects, aged 19-33 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated for 5-6 weeks with NAC at a dose of 1.8 g/day orally. A dose of 3 g/day was arbitrarily chosen for massively obese subjects. Six of 31 obese patients with PCOS were treated with placebo and served as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after the treatment period, the hormonal and lipid blood profile and insulin sensitivity, assessed by an hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, were evaluated and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glucose area under curve (AUC) were unchanged after treatment. Insulin AUC after OGTT was significantly reduced, and the peripheral insulin sensitivity increased after NAC administration, whereas the hepatic insulin extraction was unaffected. The NAC treatment induced a significant fall in T levels and in free androgen index values (P<.05). In analyzing patients according to their insulinemic response to OGTT, normoinsulinemic subjects and placebo-treated patients did not show any modification of the above parameters, whereas a significant improvement was observed in hyperinsulinemic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC may be a new treatment for the improvement of insulin circulating levels and insulin sensitivity in hyperinsulinemic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fulghesu
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciampelli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzj
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belosi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selvaggi
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzone
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D007328:Insulin; D013739:Testosterone; D000111:Acetylcysteine