title: Total serum cholesterol level, violent criminal offences, suicidal behavior, mortality and the appearance of conduct disorder in Finnish male criminal offenders with antisocial personality disorder.
abstract: Associations between low total serum cholesterol (TC) levels and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), violent and suicidal behavior have been found. We investigated the associations between TC levels, violent and suicidal behavior, age of onset of the conduct disorder (CD) and the age of death among 250 Finnish male criminal offenders with ASPD. The CD had begun before the age of 10 two times more often in non-violent criminal offenders who had lower than median TC levels. The violent criminal offenders having lower than median TC levels were seven times more likely to die before the median age of death in the study material. The violent offenders having lower than median TC levels were eight times more likely to die of unnatural causes. The mean TC level of these male offenders with ASPD was lower than that of the general Finnish male population. Low TC levels are associated with childhood onset type of the CD, and premature and unnatural mortality among male offenders with ASPD. The TC level seems to be a peripheral marker with prognostic value among boys with conduct disorder and antisocial male offenders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Finland. eila.tiihonen@niuva.fi
authors.forename: Eila
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Repo-Tiihonen
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiihonen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virkkunen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol