title: Country of birth and language spoken at home in relation to illicit substance use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examines the association between country of birth, language spoken at home, and lifetime illicit substance use in a Canadian national sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of data was conducted using a sample of 8,656 persons who were between 15 and 54 years of age in 1994 and who participated in Canada's Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of substance use differed among the four groups (42.6% for Canadian-born who spoke official languages, 33.8% for Canadian-born who spoke non-official languages, 35.2% for foreign-born who spoke official languages, and 11.1% for foreign-born who spoke non-official languages). The rate differences persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, religiousness, friends' use of substances, and participation in social activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More in-depth studies that include culture-specific information are required to explain the rate differences. In addition, alternative preventive strategies may be required to reduce substance use among foreign-born persons.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: M Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs