title: Wedged hepatic venography for targeting the portal vein during TIPS: comparison of carbon dioxide and iodinated contrast agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carbon dioxide (CO2) can traverse the hepatic sinusoids better than iodinated contrast medium and has been used by many interventionalists for wedged hepatic venography during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures. Our study was designed to compare the extent of the portal vein opacification using either CO2 or iodinated contrast medium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wedged hepatic venography for portal vein opacification during TIPS was performed using hand injection through a 6.5 Fr diagnostic catheter. Portograms of 36 patients performed with 10 ml of iodinated contrast medium were retrospectively compared with portograms of 45 patients performed with 30-40 ml of CO2. Opacification of the right portal vein branch including the portal vein bifurcation was defined as a successful study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using CO2 the right portal vein branch and the portal vein bifurcation were opacified in 87% of patients (39 of 45); only a part of the right portal vein branch was opacified in 6% of patients and no opacification of any portal vein branch was seen in 7% of patients. Using iodinated contrast medium, there was opacification of the portal vein bifurcation in 25% of patients (9 of 36), of a part of the portal vein branch in 36% and no opacification of any branch in 39%. There was one case of hepatic laceration from CO2 wedged venography which was treated with microcoil embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using CO2 as a contrast medium, opacification of the portal vein bifurcation by wedged hepatic venography was seen in 87% of patients, in comparison with only 25% when iodinated contrast medium was used (p < 0.001). CO2 is superior to iodinated contrast medium for wedged hepatic venography during TIPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Charles University Hospital, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. frohlichova@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krajina
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lojik
authors.forename: Vendelin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chovanec
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raupach
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hulek
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003287:Contrast Media; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine; D010690:Phlebography; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007455:Iodine