title: [Immunotherapy in the management of metastatic renal carcinoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively rare tumor representing 2-3% of all neoplasias. Approximately 30% of patients diagnosed as having RCC present metastases: mean survival ranges between 6 and 10 months, whilst 10-20% present a 2-year survival rate. Treatment of patients with metastatic RCC is a difficult challenge. Hormones and chemotherapy, either alone or associated with surgical resection of the primary lesion have been used. In our experience, IL-2 + IFN-a has been shown to be an encouraging form of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period between October 1997 and December 1999, 5 patients (3 males, 2 females), mean age 52.5 years, with metastatic RCC, came to our attention. TC revealed a circumscribed area the margins of which were not well defined, in a mid-renal localization, positive inter aorta caval and obturator lymph nodes, but no lung, brain or hepatic involvement. Patients were submitted to nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy followed later by immunotherapy with IFN-alpha (3 Mil twice a week) + low dose IL-2 (1 Mil/m2/12 h): treatment was given for 4 consecutive weeks and then repeated every 3 weeks for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 30 months' follow-up all patients showed regression of the disease (100% of cases) and in none of the cases there was evidence of metastases. Only one patient (20%) presented side-effects (nausea, vomiting, slight rise in temperature) all of which disappeared at the end of the first week of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, even if on a limited number of patients and for a limited follow-up period, show that in some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, treatment with IL-2 and IFN-a following nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy should be considered the therapy of choice.
authors.affiliation: Policlinico Umberto I, Dipartimento di Urologia U. Bracci, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Martino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraioli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Valentini
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009392:Nephrectomy; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2
vernacular_title: Immunoterapia nel trattamento del carcinoma renale metastatico.