title: Catheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale in patients with an atrial septal aneurysm using different devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial septal aneurysm is frequently associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defects (ASD). Moreover, a relationship between atrial septal aneurysm and embolic cerebrovascular events has been suggested. The aims of this study were to analyze morphological and functional characteristics of atrial septal aneurysm in PFO and ASD patients and to assess the feasibility and efficacy of different devices for transcatheter closure and the influence of atrial septal aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1997 and May 2000 transcatheter ASD or PFO closure was attempted in 63 patients (mean age 47 +/- 13 years) with an atrial septal aneurysm using one of the following devices: Angelwings (n = 3), Cardioseal (n = 5), Cardioseal-Starflex (n = 7), Amplatzer (n = 11), Amplatzer-PFO (n = 5), PFO-Star (n = 25), or Helex (n = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implantation was primarily successful (after the first or second attempt) in all patients. One PFO-Star device embolized 12 hours after the procedure. During follow-up (0.6-37 months, mean 10.4 +/- 9.2) a residual shunt could be detected by transesophageal echocardiography after 2 weeks in four patients and after 6 months in one patient. Three PFO patients had cerebrovascular events after implantation. Two patients had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and one patient a stroke. A thrombus formation on the device detected in three patients disappeared after antithrombotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ASDs and PFOs with an associated atrial septal aneurysm can be closed with different available devices. There seem to be no additional risks compared with patients without atrial septal aneurysm.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center Bethanien CCB, Im Prüfling 23, 60389 Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krumsdorf
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keppeler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zadan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000628:therapy*; D006346:Heart Septum; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants