title: Expression of survivin in primary glioblastomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in several tumour types have suggested that the inappropriate expression of the novel inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin may play a key role in tumourigenesis. This study presents the first immunohistochemical examination of survivin expression in glioblastomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort consisted of 39 ethnic Chinese patients diagnosed with primary glioblastoma multiforme. Samples were archival paraffin-embedded blocks. Concomitant with examination for survivin expression, samples were also examined for over-expression of the p53 protein as well as for evidence of apoptotic cells via the terminal deoxynucleotide transferease (TdT) mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that survivin was expressed in nearly 80% (31/39) of samples. Over-expression of moderate or high levels of survivin was correlated with the absence of apoptotic cells ( P=0.03). Expression of survivin and p53 was found to be significantly related ( P=0.037), and 70% (27/39) of tumours showed co-ordinate expression of p53 and survivin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that p53 over-expression in primary glioblastomas is predominantly detected in the absence of mutations of the gene, and that both survivin and p53 are regulated at the level of the protein by the same ubiquitin-proteosome degradation pathway, these results suggest that primary glioblastomas may occur as a result of a failure of appropriate protein degradation regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308443.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Wan-Loo
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Duncan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077022:Survivin