Distribution of organobrominated and organochlorinated contaminants in Belgian human adipose tissue.
We have measured the levels of flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in 20 recent human adipose tissues from Belgium and compared them to other organohalogen compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and its metabolite, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). After Soxhlet extraction and cleanup on acidified silica solid-phase extraction cartridges, analysis was achieved by capillary gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. The method allowed the determination of 5 PBDE and 35 PCB congeners. Concentrations of PBDEs (sum of congeners IUPAC Nos. 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) ranged between 2.2 and 11.7 ng/g lipid weight and were on the lower end of reported PBDE concentrations in European countries. The median value for the sum of PCBs (35 congeners) was 841 ng/g lipid weight and ranged from 286 to 1802 ng/g lipid weight. The median value for the sum of DDTs (calculated from p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) was 290 ng/g lipid weight and ranged from 47 to 2802 ng/g lipid weight. The sum of PCBs showed a good correlation with the sum of DDTs (r=0.77, P<0.05), while the correlation with the sum of PBDEs was weaker (r=0.56, P<0.05). No age dependency was found for PBDEs (r=0.09), while PCBs and DDTs showed higher correlation coefficients with age (r=0.59 and 0.40, respectively, P<0.05).
Covaci
Adrian
A
Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium. covaci@uia.ua.ac.be
de Boer
Jacob
J
Ryan
John Jake
JJ
Voorspoels
Stefan
S
Schepens
Paul
P
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D017605:Bromine Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis
D017605:Bromine Compounds; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls