title: Left atrial appendage function in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left atrial appendage thrombi are believed to be the source of embolism in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis in atrial fibrillation. There are a few studies which search the effects of left atrial appendage dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left atrial appendage function and flow patterns in 41 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm and 11 healthy subjects were studied by transoesophageal echocardiography. Left atrial appendage flow profiles were recorded within the proximal third of the appendage. The left atrial appendage ejection fraction was expressed as (maximal area of appendage minimal area of appendage)/maximal area of appendage. In addition, two-dimensional imaging was used to determine the presence of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thrombus formation. Patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm had significantly decreased left atrial appendage emptying and filling velocities compared to controls (0.40+/-0.15m/s vs 0.82+/-0.19 m/s and 0.42+/-0.21 m/s vs 0.68+/-0.28, respectively, P<0.001 and P<0.05). Compared with the control subjects, patients with mitral stenosis had significantly greater maximal area of the appendage and had reduced left atrial appendage ejection fraction (5.3+/-2.2 cm(2) vs 2.4+/-0.5 cm(2) and 50+/-16% vs 70+/-7%, respectively, P<0.001 and P<0.05). Of the patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm, seven patients had spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and one of these had left atrial appendage thrombus. Compared with patients without spontaneous echocardiographic contrast, patients with spontaneous echocardiographic contrast had decreased left atrial appendage ejection fraction (33+/-21% vs 54+/-13%,P <0.01). One of the patients with mitral stenosis had central retinal artery occlusion, but thrombus was not observed in left atrial appendage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study found that left atrial appendage dysfunction may occur in patients with mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey. zgolbasi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gölbaşi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciçek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canbay
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uçar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayol
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging