title: In-vivo bacterial adherence to intracardiac prosthetic materials: a new experimental model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial colonization of inert artificial materials is a critical variable in the appearance of foreign body-centered infections. Hence, a new experimental endocarditis model was evaluated that enables quantitative in-vivo testing of bacterial adherence to prosthetic materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 53 rabbits, different patches of either Dacron (DAC; n = 16), glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium (GAP; n = 18) or cryopreserved allograft (AG; n = 19) were threaded onto a Prolene suture and led through a stitch incision at the left atrium to the ventricle, perforating the mitral valve and leaving the heart at the outside of the left ventricle. The patch became caught in the valve tissue, creating mitral insufficiency. At 6 h after surgery, 6 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus were administered intravenously. Postmortem examination and further analysis were carried out 48 h after bacterial inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten animals (two DAC, four GAP, four AG) died and were excluded. Subsequently, sterile patches were found in 6/14 animals of the DAC group, in 9/14 of the GAP group, and in 9/15 of the AG group. The mean numbers of cultured organisms in the remaining patches were 2.3 x 10(6) + 7.6 x 10(6)/mg (DAC), 1.8 x 10(4)+/-6.7 x 10(4)/mg (GAP) and 4.9 x 10(5)+/-1.0 x 10(6) CFU/mg (AG). Differences in the number of CFU were not significant for all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above-described model allows reliable quantitative in-vivo testing of bacterial adherence to different prosthetic materials within a short time period. The results suggest that, with regard to avoiding the development of bacterial endocarditis, biomaterials have no advantage over Dacron.
authors.affiliation: German Heart Center Munich, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Germany.
authors.forename: Walter Benno
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Eichinger
authors.forename: Gertrud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goppel
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mendler
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattes
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lankes
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Botzenhardt
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bauernschmitt
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002815:Chordae Tendineae / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D013234:Stem Cells