title: Coordinate regulation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMP-activated protein kinase in rat tissues in response to exercise.
abstract: Changes in the concentration of malonyl-CoA in many tissues have been related to alterations in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in its formation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological role of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme responsible for malonyl-CoA catabolism. In this study, we examined the effects of voluntary exercise on MCD activity in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. In addition, the activity of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which like MCD and ACC can be regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), was assayed. Thirty min after the completion of a treadmill run, MCD activity was increased approximately 2-fold, malonyl-CoA levels were reduced, and ACC and GPAT activities were diminished by 50% in muscle and liver. These events appeared to be mediated via activation of AMPK since: 1) AMPK activity was concurrently increased by exercise in both tissues; 2) similar findings were observed after the injection of 5-amino 4 imidazole carboxamide, an AMPK activator; 3) changes in the activity of GPAT and ACC paralleled that of MCD; and 4) the increase in MCD activity in muscle was reversed in vitro by incubating immunoprecipitated enzyme from the exercised muscle with protein phosphatase 2A, and it was reproduced by incubating immunopurified MCD from resting muscle with purified AMPK. An unexpected finding was that exercise caused similar changes in the activities of ACC, MCD, GPAT, and AMPK and the concentration of malonyl-CoA in adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCD, GPAT, and ACC are coordinately regulated by AMPK in liver and adipose tissue in response to exercise, and except for GPAT, also in muscle. The results suggest that AMPK activation plays a major role in regulating lipid metabolism in many cells following exercise. They also suggest that in each of them, it acts to increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease its esterification.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Section of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Haejoe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Virendar K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Scarlet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constant
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prentki
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Przybytkowski
authors.forename: Neil B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ruderman
authors.forename: Asish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C021532:malonyl-CoA decarboxylase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase