title: Antifungal garcinia acid esters from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis.
abstract: Two new garcinia acid derivatives, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide and 1',1"-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate, were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis guided by TLC bioautography against the fungus Cladosporium herbarum. The structures of these compounds were established by spectral analysis. The former compound represents a unique beta-lactone structure and the latter compound is most likely an artefact of garcinia acid (= hydroxycitric acid). Both compounds showed selective antifungal activity comparable to that of cycloheximide (MID: 0.5 microg/spot) only against C herbarum at the MIDs of 0.4 and 0.8 microg/spot but were inactive against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), other fungi (Alternaria sp., Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus ochraceous) including the yeast Candida albicans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science & Biotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor.
authors.forename: Mukram M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mackeen
authors.forename: Abdul Manaf
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Nordin Hj
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lajis
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawazu
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuzaki
authors.forename: Nobuji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakatani
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000187:drug effects; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002951:Citrates; D007783:Lactones; D003513:Cycloheximide