Varicella pneumonia in patients with HIV/AIDS.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the potential role of steroid therapy combined with early antiviral and supportive care in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with varicella pneumonia.


METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted of the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of varicella pneumonia in patients with HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).


RESULTS
Seven of 12 patients (58%) who were hospitalized with chickenpox developed clinically severe varicella pneumonia. All patients had advanced immunosuppression and all developed diffuse reticulonodular radiographic abnormalities, although two patients had normal chest radiographs on admission. All patients received antiviral therapy within 12 hours of hospital admission. The overall mortality rate was 43%. Six patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids in addition to antiviral agents, including all four of the survivors.


CONCLUSIONS
Hospitalized patients with HIV or AIDS with chickenpox are at high risk for developing varicella pneumonia. There is a potentially high rate of death despite prompt initiation of appropriate antiviral therapy. Intensive care management and adjunctive use of systemic corticosteroids may improve outcome.
Popara
Mirjana
M
Sizwe Tropical Diseases Hospital, Rietfontein, Republic of South Africa.
Pendle
Stella
S
Sacks
Leonard
L
Smego
Raymond A
RA
Mer
Mervin
M
D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000212:Acyclovir