title: New-device angioplasty in women: clinical outcome and predictors in a 7,372-patient registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female gender has been identified as an independent predictor of early complications and mortality after conventional balloon angioplasty. To gain insight into the outcome of women after new-device angioplasty, we reviewed the early and late clinical outcome of 7,372 patients undergoing new-device angioplasty between 1991 and 1996 at the Washington Hospital Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (2,077 women and 5,295 men) with native coronary artery (82.5%) or saphenous vein graft lesions undergoing new-device angioplasty were included in the study. In-hospital and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization (TLR), were recorded and compared on the basis of gender. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of in-hospital and late mortality, follow-up MACE, and TLR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women had more baseline comorbid risk factors and smaller reference vessel size compared with men. Women had a higher in-hospital cardiac mortality (1.39% vs 0.66%, P = 0.002), TLR (2.78% vs 1.81%, P = 0.008), and congestive heart failure (4.18% vs 2.29%, P < 0.001) compared with men. Overall in-hospital MACE tended to be higher among women (4.2% vs 3.3%, P = 0.074). Women had a higher 1-year mortality rate (4.39% vs 3.26%, P = 0.018), but a lower follow-up TLR (15.0% vs 18.1%, P = 0.001) and a lower overall MACE rate (29.2% vs 32.7%, P = 0.007) compared with men. Female gender was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.28, P = 0.02), but not late mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although female gender appears to carry an inherent risk of in-hospital mortality after new-device angioplasty, the procedural success and mortality rates are favorable compared with those associated with balloon angioplasty series. The long-term clinical outcome of women after new-device angioplasty is excellent. The use of new devices is a safe and effective alternative strategy for the treatment of women with ischemic coronary artery disease. Device-specific outcomes, including stents, will require further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and the Women's Cardiac Health Initiative, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY 10022, USA. alansky@cfr.org
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dangas
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costantini-Ortiz
authors.forename: Ecaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cristea
authors.forename: Gishel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negoita
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology