title: Restorative effects of zinc and selenium on cadmium-induced kidney oxidative damage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the kidney is influenced by zinc and selenium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of rats were maintained: (A) Cd (CdCl2, 400 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 intraperitoneal injection); (B) Cd + Zn (ZnCl2, 20 mg.kg-1.day-1 hypodermic injection); (C) Cd + Se (Na2SeO3, 350 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 via a stomach tube); (D) Cd + Zn + Se; (E) treated with physiological saline as a sham-handled control. The rats were given treatment for a period of 4 weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GH-Px), catalase (CAT), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissue were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was used as an indicator of tubular cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group C and D, activities of SOD (110.5 +/- 5.2, 126.8 +/- 7.0; P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (85.7 +/- 4.9, 94.6 +/- 7.3; P < 0.05) were higher than those in group A (84.7 +/- 3.3; 56.9 +/- 3.8); and in group B, only the activity of GSH-Px (80.0 +/- 4.3, P < 0.01) increased in comparison with that in group A (56.9 +/- 3.8). Significant increase of MDA (P < 0.05) was seen in group B (31.1 +/- 4.7) and C (35.0 +/- 4.1) when compared with control values (17.2 +/- 1.8). No difference was found in the level of MDA between group D (18.9 +/- 2.6) and control. The activity of LDH in urine of control group (0.06 +/- 0.02) was lower than that of group A (0.46 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05), B (0.10 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05) and C (0.14 +/- 0.07, P < 0.05), and there was no significant change between control (0.06 +/- 0.02) and group D (0.08 +/- 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc or selenium could partially alleviate the oxidative stress induced by cadmium in kidney, but administration cadmium in combination with zinc and selenium efficiently protects kidney from cadmium-induced oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 Zhong-Shan West Road, Shanghai 200336, China. xiaoping2@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Wei-Jian
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Xi-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nordberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc