title: Probucol inhibits oxidized-low density lipoprotein-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism by which probucol (PBC) affected adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of PBC on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), P-selectin, a nd E-selectin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were examined. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PBC were compared with that of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, and E-select in on adhesion induced by oxidized-low density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBC at 10 to 80 micromol/L inhibited Ox-LD L-induced adhesion index from 16.7 % to 7.0 % (P < 0.01) and Ox-LDL-induced expression of ICAM-1 (75 %) and P-selectin (72 %). mAbs to ICAM -1 or P-selectin, when used alone, could only slightly reduce the adhesion of monocyte to HUVEC. When both monoclonal antibodies were used in combination, the adhesion was markedly inhibited from 16.7 % to 11.3 % (P < 0.01), but the effect was still weaker than that of PBC (average 9.3 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBC exerts its inhibitory effect on the adhesion of monocyte to HUVEC by inhibiting the expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Nanhua University, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Ge-Xiu
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Da-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin-Xi
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Duan-Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chao-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D011341:Probucol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D019007:P-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D011341:Probucol