title: The auditory evoked magnetic fields to very high frequency tones.
abstract: We studied the auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) in response to pure tones especially at very high frequencies (from 4000 Hz to 40,000 Hz). This is the first systematic study of AEFs using tones above 5000 Hz, the upper audible range of humans, and ultrasound. We performed two experiments. In the first, AEFs were recorded in 12 subjects from both hemispheres under binaural listening conditions. Six types of auditory stimulus (pure tones of five different frequencies: 4000 Hz, 8000 Hz, 10,000 Hz, 12,000 Hz, 14,000 Hz, and a click sound as the target stimulus) were used. In the second experiment, we used 1000 Hz, 15,000 Hz, and two ultrasounds with frequencies of 20,000 Hz and 40,000 Hz. The subjects could detect all stimuli in the first experiment but not the ultrasounds in the second experiment. We analyzed N1m, the main response with approximately 100 ms in peak latency, and made the following findings. (1) N1m responses to the tones up to 12,000 Hz were clearly recorded from at least one hemisphere in all 12 subjects. N1m for 14,000 Hz was identified in at least one hemisphere in 10 subjects, and in both hemispheres in six subjects. No significant response could be identified to ultrasounds over 20,000 Hz. (2) The amplitude of the N1m to the tones above 8000 Hz was significantly smaller than that to 4000 Hz in both hemispheres. There was a tendency for the peak latency of the N1m to be longer for the tones with higher frequencies, but no significant change was found. (3) The equivalent current dipole (ECD) of the N1m was located in the auditory cortex. There was a tendency for the ECD for the tones with higher frequencies to lie in more medial and posterior areas, but no significant change was found. (4) As for the interhemispheric difference, the N1m amplitude for all frequency tones was significantly larger and the ECDs were estimated to be located more anterior and medial in the right hemisphere than the left. The priority of the right hemisphere, that is the larger amplitude, for very high frequency tones was confirmed. (5) The orientation of the ECD in the left hemisphere became significantly more vertical the higher the tones. This result was consistent with previous studies which revealed the sensitivity of the frequency difference in the left hemisphere. From these findings we suggest that tonotopy in the auditory cortex exists up to the upper limit of audible range within the small area, where the directly air-conducted ultrasounds are not reflected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakigi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeshima
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted