title: A Yersinia effector and a Pseudomonas avirulence protein define a family of cysteine proteases functioning in bacterial pathogenesis.
abstract: A Yersinia effector known as YopT and a Pseudomonas avirulence protein known as AvrPphB define a family of 19 proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis. We show that both YopT and AvrPphB are cysteine proteases, and their proteolytic activities are dependent upon the invariant C/H/D residues conserved in the entire YopT family. YopT cleaves the posttranslationally modified Rho GTPases near their carboxyl termini, releasing them from the membrane. This leads to the disruption of actin cytoskeleton in host cells. The proteolytic activity of AvrPphB is essential for autoproteolytic cleavage of an AvrPphB precursor as well as for eliciting the hypersensitive response in plants. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms of animal and plant pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: Zhaoqin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.forename: Jack E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000201:enzymology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019556:COS Cells; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003603:Cytotoxins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D017368:Protein Prenylation / Q000235:genetics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020846:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003603:Cytotoxins; C116117:YopT protein, Yersinia; C073875:avrPph3 protein, Pseudomonas syringae; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D020846:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins