title: Treatments for chronic pain associated with spinal cord injuries: many are tried, few are helpful.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate, in two community samples of people with spinal cord injuries, the frequency of use of different pain treatments and the perceived helpfulness of these treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey was conducted in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 471 persons aged 18 years or older who had spinal cord injuries and pain. There were 2 separate samples (n = 308 and n = 163).
  
  
  METHODS
  The pain treatments used, the helpfulness of these treatments, and the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire answers were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents reported multiple pain treatments (range of 0-14 and median of 4 in sample 1; range of 0-16 and median of 4 in sample 2). The most commonly reported treatments were oral medications and physical therapy. Medication types most commonly reported were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and opioids. The treatments rated as most helpful were opioid medications, physical therapy, and diazepam therapy, and those rated as least helpful were spinal cord stimulation, counseling or psychotherapy, administration of acetaminophen, and administration of amitriptyline. Alternative treatments reported as most helpful were massage therapy and use of marijuana. Acupuncture was tried by many but was rated as only moderately helpful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey of two large samples of community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury-related chronic pain indicates that multiple pain treatments are tried but only a few are rated as more than somewhat helpful. Furthermore, the treatments that are most commonly reported are not always those that are rated as most helpful. The findings point to a number of potentially fruitful directions for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA. cwarms@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Warms
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Diana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cardenas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires