title: Acute abdomen in the medical intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute abdominal complication in the medical intensive care unit may be underdiagnosed and can add significant risk of death. We hypothesize that delays in surgery because of atypical presentation, such as the absence of peritoneal signs, may contribute to mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study (1995-2000).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit in a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical intensive care unit patients with clinical, surgical, or autopsy diagnosis of acute abdominal catastrophe (gangrenous or perforated viscus).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven patients (1.3%) met inclusion criteria. Ischemic bowel was the most common diagnosis, followed by perforated ulcer, bowel obstruction, and cholecystitis. Actual mortality rate was higher than predicted by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scores at the time of medical intensive care unit admission (63% vs. 31%). Twenty-six patients (34%) did not have surgery, and none of these survived. Fifty-one patients underwent surgery and 28 survived (56%). Delay in surgical evaluation (p <.01) and intervention (p <.03), APACHE III scores (p <.01), renal insufficiency (p <.01), and a diagnosis of ischemic bowel (p <.01) were associated with increased mortality rates. Surgical delay was more likely to occur in patients with altered mental state (p <.01), no peritoneal signs (p <.01), previous opioids (p <.03), antibiotics (p <.02), and mechanical ventilation (p <.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delays in surgical evaluation and intervention are critical contributors to mortality rate in patients who develop acute abdominal complications in a medical intensive care unit.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Service, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Ognjen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gajic
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: Hassanali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sewani
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cullinane
authors.forename: Steve G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors