title: Long-term follow-up in patients with a history of (H)ELLP syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide long-term follow-up data on women with a history of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets [(H)ELLP] syndrome regarding the risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies and disease in later life.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women admitted to the Academic Medical Centre between January 1984 and January 1996 with (H)ELLP syndrome and a living singleton fetus in utero were included. Women with known preexisting diseases were excluded. The (H)ELLP syndrome was defined as elevated liver enzymes (serum aspartate aminotransferase or serum alanine aminotransferase >or= 50 U/L) and low platelet count (< 100 x 10(9)/L). Those patients with hemolysis (LDH >or= 600 U/L) were classified as HELLP, the remaining ones were classified as ELLP. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding their general health and their own obstetric and medical history and that of their first-and second-degree relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixteen (94%) of 123 women responded; 4 women had died. The median age of the group was 36.0 years at completion of the questionnaire; the median interval after the index pregnancy was 5.7 years (3-12.9). The incidence of hypertension requiring medical treatment was three times higher than in a reference population of Dutch women between 20 and 40 years old. The need for psychological support was frequent. Thirty-nine patients (34%) refrained from further pregnancies. Twenty-nine percent of the first subsequent pregnancies were complicated by gestational hypertension (GH), but only 2% had (H)ELLP syndrome. Birth weight was, on average, 1385 g higher and gestational age at delivery 5 weeks later in the first subsequent pregnancy irrespective of a recurrence of GH. A family history of cardiovascular disease or preeclampsia was common in the total group; however, this did not influence the recurrence rate. Multiparity, gestational age at delivery <30 weeks, and birth weight <1000 g in the index pregnancy increased the risk of recurrence of GH in the first subsequent pregnancy significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (H)ELLP syndrome is a severe complication of pregnancy that has not only short-term but also long-term sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van Pampus
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayruhu
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Treffers
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Bleker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001723:Birth Rate; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D017359:HELLP Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors