title: Altered plasma concentrations of leptin, transforming growth factor-beta(1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 at 18 weeks of gestation in women destined to develop pre-eclampsia. Circulating markers of disturbed placentation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In many pre-eclamptic women the placentation process seems to be disturbed. Our objective was to investigate if disturbed placentation in pre-eclamptic women may be recognized in early second trimester as altered plasma levels of factors involved in the formation of the uteroplacental unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study of 2190 pregnant women we compared plasma leptin, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) concentrations at 18 weeks' gestation in 71 women with subsequent pre-eclampsia and 71 controls matched for age, parity and first trimester body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin and TGF-beta(1) concentrations were lower and PAI-2 concentration higher in women destined to develop pre-eclampsia relative to controls (leptin: median (25-75 percentiles): 19.0 (14.5-29.0) vs 25.0 (16.0-35.0) ng/ml (p =0.03), TGF-beta(1): 3.2 (2.0-6.1) vs 5.3 (3.8-7.1) ng/ml (P=0.01) and PAI-2: 78.8 (65.1-118.1) vs 67.6 (61.6-79.6) ng/ml (P=0.002)). OR (95 per cent CI) for pre-eclampsia for women in the upper quartile compared to women in the lower quartile were: leptin: 0.2 (0.03-0.7), TGF-beta(1): 0.2 (0.08-0.7) and PAI-2: 3.1 (1.2-8.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered plasma concentrations levels of factors involved in the process of placentation in women destined to develop pre-eclampsia, indicate that disturbed formation of the uteroplacental unit is reflected in the maternal circulation before 20 weeks' gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aker and Ullevål University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway. torun.clausen@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djurovic
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reseland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010929:Placentation / Q000502:physiology*; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000097:blood*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1