title: Changes of plasma free choline and choline-containing compounds' concentrations and choline loss during hemodialysis in ESRD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine the changes in plasma free choline and choline-containing compounds in end stage renal disease (ESRD) and to determine if they were lost into the dialysate during hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma and dialysate free choline, phosphocholine and phospholipid-, phosphatidylcholine-, sphingomyelin-bound choline were measured before, during and after hemodialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma free and bound choline concentrations (mean +/- standard error of the mean) were 12.9 +/- 0.6 and 2697 +/- 57 microM or 37.3 +/- 0.9 and 2792 +/- 98 microM in controls or in ESRD patients, respectively. Free choline concentrations were correlated (r = 0.598; p < 0.001) with the time the patients were subjected to hemodialysis. Plasma free choline and phosphocholine concentrations are decreased by a total of -8.1 +/- 0.6 micromol/L and -88 +/- 8 micromol/L, respectively; phospholipid-, phosphatidylcholine- and sphingomyelin-bound choline are increased, during hemodialysis. Patients lost about 350 micromoles of choline into the dialysate during hemodialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma free choline concentrations are elevated in ESRD, and a considerable amount of choline is lost into the hemodialysate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Uludag University Medical School, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yesim Ozarda
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Ilcol
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dilek
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurtkuran
authors.forename: Ismail H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ulus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002796:Choline Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D002794:Choline