title: Virucidal activity and cytotoxicity of the liposomal formulation of povidone-iodine.
abstract: Two drug formulations of povidone-iodine (PVP-I)--an aqueous PVP-I solution (Betaisodona) and a liposomal PVP-I formulation--were tested for their virucidal activity and cytotoxicity in cell culture. As to the virudical activity against influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus type 8 and human rhinovirus type 14, the liposomal formulation of PVP-I proved to be approximately as active as the aqueous one. Half maximum cytotoxic PVP-I concentrations were 0.01-0.07% for aqueous PVP-I and 0.03-0.27% for the liposomal PVP-I formulation (XTT reduction assay EZ4U). The detection of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, DNA fragmentation (ELISA) and DNA strand breakage (TUNEL assay) after 24 h exposure of human embryonic lung fibroblasts to PVP-I revealed that necrosis predominates in cells treated with aqueous 0.08-0.32% PVP-I solutions, whereas apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death in cells treated with equivalent concentrations of liposomal PVP-I formulation. The favorable virucidal efficiency together with the preferred apoptotic route of cell death makes the liposomal PVP-I formulation a promising candidate for topical use in prevention and treatment of infections of the eye and the upper respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Antiviral Chemotherapy, Friedrich-Schiller University, Winzerlaer Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany. peter.wutzler@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wutzler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbrei
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klöcking
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brögmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reimer
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D004285:Dogs; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects; D007466:Iodophors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008081:Liposomes; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009336:Necrosis; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007466:Iodophors; D008081:Liposomes; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase