title: Digital video combined with conventional radiography creates an excellent high-speed X-ray video system.
abstract: Analysing rapid internal movement in animals requires high-speed X-ray imaging to visualise motion of bony and soft body structures. The frame rate of X-ray cinematic camera is limited to 200 frames s(-1) with a shutter speed of 1/3000s, due to the low X-ray kV, required for small animals. These rates are often too slow for analysing the rapid accelerations of which small animals are capable. Here, we present three alternative digital-video systems that can be combined with a conventional X-ray intensifier to yield excellent slow-motion images of internal body parts of small animals. Each system shows high performance for different requirements of radiographic motion analysis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. psnelder@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: Peter Ch
authors.initials: PCh
authors.lastname: Snelderwaard
authors.forename: Jurriaan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: Stephan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Deban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D014562:Caudata / Q000502:physiology; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*