title: Three-dimensional, T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging of the brain with a volumetric interpolated examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T1-weighted, 3D gradient-echo MR sequences can be optimized for rapid acquisition and improved resolution through asymmetric k-space sampling and interpolation. We compared a volumetric interpolated brain examination (VIBE) sequence with a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP RAGE) sequence and a 2D T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive patients known or suspected to have focal brain lesions underwent postcontrast studies (20 mL of gadopentetate dimeglumine) with VIBE, MP RAGE, and 2D T1-weighted SE imaging. Source and 5-mm VIBE and MP RAGE reformations, and 5-mm T1-weighted SE images were compared qualitatively and by using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). SNRs in a gadolinium-doped water phantom were also measured for all three sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the source images, SNRs for gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and CNRs for WM-to-GM and contrast-enhancing lesion-to-GM were slightly, but significantly higher for the VIBE sequence than for the MP RAGE sequence (P <.05). On 5-mm reformations, WM-to-GM CNR was significantly higher on VIBE and MP RAGE images than on T1-weighted SE images (P <.001), but contrast-enhancing lesion-to-GM CNRs were higher on SE images compared with both gradient-echo sequences (P <.001). Qualitatively, VIBE images showed fewer flow artifacts than did SE and MP RAGE images (P <.05). In the phantom, VIBE SNR was higher than MP RAGE SNR for short T1 relaxation times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIBE provides an effective, alternative approach to MP RAGE for fast 3D T1-weighted imaging of the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wetzel
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrew G S
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Soonmee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Edmond A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.forename: Vivian S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomasson
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Rofsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging