title: TfdD(II), one of the two chloromuconate cycloisomerases of Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (pJP4), cannot efficiently convert 2-chloro- cis, cis-muconate to trans-dienelactone to allow growth on 3-chlorobenzoate.
abstract: Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 (pJP4) harbors two functional gene clusters for the degradation of chlorocatechols, i.e. tfdCDEF (in short: tfd (I)) and tfdD (II) C (II) E (II) F (II) (in short: tfd (II)), which are both present on the catabolic plasmid pJP4. In this study, we compared the function of both gene clusters for degradation of chlorocatechols by constructing isolated and hybrid tfd (I)- tfd (II) clusters on plasmids in R. eutropha, by activity assays of Tfd enzymes, and by HPLC/MS of individual enzymatic catalytic steps in chlorocatechol conversion. R. eutropha containing the tfd (II) cluster alone or hybrid tfd-clusters with tfdD (II) as sole gene for chloromuconate cycloisomerase were impaired in growth on 3-chlorobenzoate, in contrast to R. eutrophaharboring the complete tfd (I) cluster. Enzyme activities for TfdD(II) and for TfdE(II) were very low in R. eutropha when induced with 3-chlorobenzoate. By contrast, a relatively high enzyme activity was found for TfdF(II). Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. eutropha strains expressing tfdD (II) all showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as 2-chloro- cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorocatechol. HPLC analysis of in vitro assays in which each individual step in 3-chlorocatechol conversion was reproduced by sequentially adding cell extracts of an Escherichia coli expressing one Tfd enzyme only demonstrated that TfdD(II) was unable to cause conversion of 2-chloro- cis,cis-muconate. No accumulation of intermediates was observed with 4-chlorocatechol. From these results, we conclude that at least TfdD(II) is a bottleneck in conversion of 3-chlorocatechol and, therefore, in efficient metabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate. This study showed the subtle functional and expression differences between similar enzymes of the tfd-encoded pathway and demonstrated that extreme care has to be taken when inferring functionality from sequence data alone.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), and Swiss Federal Institute for Technology (ETH), Uberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Laemmli
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schönenberger
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Alexander J B
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zehnder
authors.forename: Jan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D000272:Adipates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002396:Catechols / Q000378:metabolism; D002723:Chlorobenzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020118:Cupriavidus necator / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases / Q000502:physiology*; D007783:Lactones / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D002396:Catechols; D002723:Chlorobenzoates; D007783:Lactones; C036427:3-chlorobenzoic acid; C031137:3-chlorocatechol; C084081:dienelactone; C088140:2-chloromuconic acid; D019753:Intramolecular Lyases; C055773:chloromuconate cycloisomerase; C038861:4-chlorocatechol; D013011:Sorbic Acid