title: Outcome following intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage account for almost 20% of all stroke cases. Both forms of stroke are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage increases with the age and certain ethnical groups are more affected. Subarachnoid hemorrhage tends to occur in a much younger population than other types of strokes. Outcome predictors for intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage have been extensively discussed in the literature. Based on the current literature, we review the morbidity and mortality rates and predictors of outcome for these two life-threatening diseases. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, hematoma volume, and presence of ventricular blood are the most prominent predictors of outcome following intracerebral hemorrhage. Age and initial severity of neurologic deficits on presentation, measured by GCS, Hunt and Hess Scale or the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale, are the most important predictors of outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Toshiba Stroke Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hanel
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Jawad F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: Abutaher M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yahia
authors.forename: Adnan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality*