Proteolytic cleavage of molecules involved in cell death or survival pathways: a role in the control of apoptosis?
Proteolytic modification of certain key regulatory molecules involved in apoptotic and prosurvival pathways may be a feature of the control of programmed cell death. Four molecules of the Bd-2 family (BID, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X(L)) have been reported to be deaved during apoptosis, as has a cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). Two proteins involved in NF-kappaB activation, RIP and TRAF1, are cleaved during apoptosis induced by agents that activate both pathways. MEKK1, a molecule involved in a protein kinase stress signaling cascade that contributes to apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation, also undergoes cleavage. In each case, the cleavage products may result in the inactivation of a former function or the gaining of a new function, thus contributing to the delicately balanced regulation of apoptosis.
Karran
L
L
Department of Pathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom. elk5@le.ac.uk
Dyer
M J
MJ
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015398:Signal Transduction; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; C494828:Bax protein, rat; C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; C494816:Bid protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C506249:RIPK1 protein, human; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases