title: Epidemiological observations of the judicious use of antibiotics in a pediatric teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study in a tertiary care teaching center with 361 beds was conducted to assess use, misuse, and abuse of antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every day of the study, a computer program was used to compile a list of patients' bedside records. On a specific day, the bedside charts of selected patients were reviewed to determine whether: (1) a justification for antibiotic prescription was recorded; (2) duration of antibiotic therapy had been defined; (3) suitable cultures had been obtained; and (4) treatment was appropriate for the infection to be treated. For 6 months, charts were evaluated 3 days per week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 750 bedside charts 500 (67%) were selected for review. Of the 500 patients, 175 (35%) did not receive antibiotics. The abuses or misuses of antibiotics most frequently observed among the 325 treated patients were no record of justification for the antibiotic prescribed (130/325, 40%); no appropriate blood or fluid samples obtained for culture (45/325, 14%); no subsequent control cultures or cultures obtained before modifying therapy (80/175, 46%); no indication of a planned duration of therapy (180/325, 55%); and improper dosage prescribed in relation to weight (25/325, 8%). Abuse or misuse of antibiotics was more frequently observed among surgical patients than among nonsurgical patients (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rational use of antibiotics should be emphasized in every training program as a main strategy to control the increase in drug resistance and to prolong the usefulness of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Nacional de Niños, Universidad de Costa Rica and Universidad Automona de Centro America, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Yamileth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Avila-Agüero
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Umaña
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: París
authors.forename: Idis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Faingezicht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents