title: Impact of race on prostate-specific antigen outcome after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer in African-American and white men using previously established risk groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 2000, 2,036 men (n = 162 African-American men, n = 1,874 white men) underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Using pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage, and percentage of positive biopsy specimens, patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups. For each risk group, PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier. Comparisons of PSA outcome between African-American and white men were made using the log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age and PSA level for African-American and white men were 60 and 62 years old and 8.8 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. African-Americans had a statistically significant increase in PSA (P =.002), Gleason score (P =.003), clinical T stage (P =.004), and percentage of positive biopsy specimens (P =.04) at presentation. However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of PSA, clinical T stage, or Gleason score between racial groups in the low- and high-risk groups. The 5-year estimate of PSA outcome was 87% in the low-risk group for all patients (P =.70) and 28% versus 32% in African-American and white patients in the high-risk group (P =.28), respectively. Longer follow-up is required to confirm if these results are maintained at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though African-American men presented at a younger age and with more advanced disease compared with white men with prostate cancer, PSA outcome after RP when controlled for known clinical predictive factors was not statistically different. This study supports earlier screening in African-American men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ccross@partners.org
authors.forename: Chaundre K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Delray
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.forename: S Bruce
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tomaszewski
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Renshaw
authors.forename: Jerome P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017668:Age of Onset; D001706:Biopsy; D044383:Black People; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen