title: Support of undermined occlusal enamel provided by restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the support of occlusal enamel by amalgam (Dispersalloy), bonded amalgam (AmalgamBond Plus adhesive system with high-performance additive powder and Dispersalloy amalgam), and a bonded resin composite (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive system and Z100 resin composite).
  
  
  METHODS
  For each material, 16 human molars were prepared. The lingual cusps were removed, and the dentin supporting the facial cusps was cut away, leaving a shell of enamel. Each group of prepared teeth was restored using the materials according to manufacturers' instructions. All specimens were thermocycled (1,500 cycles, 6 degrees C to 60 degrees C, dwell time 30 seconds), then mounted vertically in cast stone. A separating disk, mounted horizontally, was used to create a flat horizontal surface approximately 1.5 mm wide at the tips of both remaining enamel cusps of each specimen. Specimens were loaded evenly across the cusp tips at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min until the fracture occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey A post hoc analysis. No significant difference was detected among amalgam, bonded amalgam, and bonded resin composite in their ability to support occlusal enamel. Support provided for occlusal enamel by the materials, whether bonded or not, was intermediate between no support and that provided by dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without further development of materials technology and evidence of efficacy, restorative materials should not be relied upon to support undermined occlusal enamel.
authors.affiliation: Division of Operative Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Troendle
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Summitt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000502:physiology*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C070606:Amalgambond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C033470:Dispersalloy; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D015040:Zirconium