title: Tuberin regulates p70 S6 kinase activation and ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation. A role for the TSC2 tumor suppressor gene in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
abstract: Although the cellular functions of TSC2 and its protein product, tuberin, are not known, somatic mutations in the TSC2 tumor suppressor gene are associated with tumor development in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). We found that ribosomal protein S6 (S6), which exerts translational control of protein synthesis and is required for cell growth, is hyperphosphorylated in the smooth muscle-like cell lesions of LAM patients compared with smooth muscle cells from normal human blood vessels and trachea. Smooth muscle (SM) cells derived from these lesions (LAMD-SM) also exhibited S6 hyperphosphorylation, constitutive activation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), and increased basal DNA synthesis. In parallel, TSC2-/- smooth muscle cells (ELT3) and TSC2-/- epithelial cells (ERC15) also exhibited hyperphosphorylation of S6, constitutive activation of p70S6K, and increased basal DNA synthesis. Re-introduction of wild type tuberin into LAMD-SM, ELT3, and ERC15 cells abolished phosphorylation of S6 and significantly inhibited p70S6K activity and DNA synthesis. Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant, inhibited hyperphosphorylation of S6, p70S6K activation, and DNA synthesis in LAMD-SM cells. Interestingly, the basal levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, and p42/p44 MAPK activation were unchanged in LAMD-SM and ELT3 cells relative to levels in normal human tracheal and vascular SM. These data demonstrate that tuberin negatively regulates the activity of S6 and p70S6K specifically, and suggest a potential mechanism for abnormal cell growth in LAM.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 847 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Goncharova
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goncharov
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eszterhas
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Marilyn K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Glassberg
authors.forename: Raymond S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Reynold A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Panettieri
authors.forename: Vera P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Krymskaya
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D020123:Sirolimus; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human