title: Hepatic function during xenon anesthesia in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation anesthetics decrease liver perfusion and oxygen consumption by changing the distribution pattern of perfusion between the hepatic artery and the portal vein and by direct effects on liver cells. The effects of xenon on liver perfusion and function have been not investigated until now.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen pigs were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 73-78% xenon or 75% nitrogen in oxygen with additional supplementation of pentobarbital and buprenorphine. Microspheres were used to determine the arterial perfusion of the liver and splanchnic organs. Oxygen contents were measured by catheterization of the portal and a liver vein. Lactate and glucose plasma concentrations were measured in hepatic, mixed venous and arterial blood. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LOH) plasma concentrations were measured in arterial blood. Urea production rates were calculated to assess hepatic metabolic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant higher oxygen contents were found in the liver venous blood during xenon anesthesia. No differences were found in any other investigated parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher oxygen content in liver venous blood observed during xenon anesthesia was not induced by changes in hepatic perfusion distribution or by an impairment of liver metabolic capacity. However, it can be explained by similar results known from inhalation anesthesia. Additionally, the effect can be caused by the reduction of plasma catecholamine concentrations during xenon anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: University of Ulm, Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Steinhoevelstr, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reinelt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotzerke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Topalidis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luederwald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armbruster
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014978:Xenon / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014978:Xenon; D002047:Buprenorphine; D010424:Pentobarbital