title: The effects of exposure to a 1.5-tesla magnetic field on intravitreous metallic foreign bodies in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was performed to determine (1) whether intravitreous ferromagnetic foreign bodies (FBs) are sufficiently mobile in a magnetic field to induce acute injury in vivo, and (2) whether the length of time from implantation of the intravitreous FB affects mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3 mm x 0.72 mm magnetic FB (MFB) and a non-magnetic metallic FB (NMFB) of similar dimensions were surgically implanted into the right and left eyes, respectively, of 20 New Zealand white rabbits. On days 0 (FB implantation) and 30, all rabbits underwent computed tomography (CT) prior to and immediately following exposure to a 1.5-tesla (T) magnetic field. Pre- and post-magnetic field CT image FB angles and distances, together with ophthalmic examinations, were used to assess FB mobility. Rabbits were killed at 31 days. The globes were processed for light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angle measurements revealed that the MFBs developed significant angular motion and were scattered more widely than NMFBs on the day of FB implantation and 30 days later, although the angular motion and scatter of MFBs were less on day 30. There were no significant differences among distance measurements for MFBs or NMFBs on or between days 0 and 30. Throughout the 30-day study, ophthalmic examinations revealed dorso-ventral FB movement and focal vitreous degeneration and retinal hemorrhage within both MFB- and NMFB-containing globes. Mild vitreous hemorrhage was noted around a NMFB. Focal retinal degeneration was confirmed by LM ( n=1 MFB). SEM revealed intravitreous erythrocytes and spindle cells adjacent to all FBs examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Angle measurements show that MFBs are significantly mobile when exposed to a 1.5-T magnetic field on the same day as FB implantation and 30 days later. (2) Angular mobility of MFBs is less at 30 days. (3) Magnetic field exposure did not induce ocular injury in MFB-containing globes. (4) Intravitreous metallic FB retention induces ocular pathologic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. clcullen@upei.ca
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Colleaux
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000293:injuries / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000293:injuries* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C001215:ferrite