title: Genome-wide analysis of gene expression regulated by the calcineurin/Crz1p signaling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, is activated by specific environmental conditions, including exposure to Ca(2+) and Na(+), and induces gene expression by regulating the Crz1p/Tcn1p transcription factor. We used DNA microarrays to perform a comprehensive analysis of calcineurin/Crz1p-dependent gene expression following addition of Ca(2+) (200 mm) or Na(+) (0.8 m) to yeast. 163 genes exhibited increased expression that was reduced 50% or more by calcineurin inhibition. These calcineurin-dependent genes function in signaling pathways, ion/small molecule transport, cell wall maintenance, and vesicular transport, and include many open reading frames of previously unknown function. Three distinct gene classes were defined as follows: 28 genes displayed calcineurin-dependent induction in response to Ca(2+) and Na(+), 125 showed calcineurin-dependent expression following Ca(2+) but not Na(+) addition, and 10 were regulated by calcineurin in response to Na(+) but not Ca(2+). Analysis of crz1Delta cells established Crz1p as the major effector of calcineurin-regulated gene expression in yeast. We identified the Crz1p-binding site as 5'-GNGGC(G/T)CA-3' by in vitro site selection. A similar sequence, 5'-GAGGCTG-3', was identified as a common sequence motif in the upstream regions of calcineurin/ Crz1p-dependent genes. This finding is consistent with direct regulation of these genes by Crz1p.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saltsman
authors.forename: Audrey P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gasch
authors.forename: Hong Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botstein
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Martha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cyert
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020218:Response Elements; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: C109868:CRZ1 protein, S cerevisiae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012964:Sodium; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium