title: Appraising and assessing reflection in students' writing on a structured worksheet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of teaching and learning techniques intended to engage students in reflection are either in use or are being developed in medical and dental education. In line with evidence-based practice in education, research is needed to appraise the utility and effectiveness of these techniques, so that they may be used with confidence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether students completing a 'reflective' learning activity based on a structured worksheet really were reflecting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative, multi-method approach was taken. Worksheets completed by students were examined for evidence of reflection by researchers using two sets of criteria for the assessment of reflection derived from the literature, and by peer judges using their own criteria. The opinions of students completing the activity, regarding its acceptability and utility, were elicited by a questionnaire incorporating a 5-point Likert scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results from all methods suggest that students completing the activity were reflecting. Students' opinions of the activity were mainly positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods employed may be of use to educators wishing to appraise reflective learning activities or, possibly, to assess student reflection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Growth & Development, Barts & the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: Barbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pee
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D014956:Writing