title: The distribution of mitochondrial activity in relation to optic nerve structure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The observation of a buildup of mitochondria at the level of the lamina cribrosa in the optic nerve head has traditionally been attributed to axoplasmic stasis. However, this region is also the transition zone for myelination, resulting in differing energy requirements.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between myelination and mitochondrial activity in optic nerve tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological, histochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques were used to demonstrate the distribution of myelin, cytochrome-c oxidase activity, and laminar structure in human optic nerve tissue. A study of rabbit optic nerve and retina and unmyelinated human pituitary stalk was also performed. Cytochrome-c oxidase activity in the human optic nerve tissue was measured using microphotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a striking inverse relationship between myelination and mitochondrial distribution in all tissue studied. Statistical analysis of microphotometric data showed this distribution to be highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We caution against the previous inference of a process of axoplasmic stasis and suggest that, instead, the distribution of mitochondria reflects the functional requirement of different regions of the ganglion cell axon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optic neuropathy is associated with several inherited disorders of mitochondria. We suggest that a fine balance exists between energy demand and tissue function in the optic nerve, which may explain why optic nerve pathological features are seen in those with mitochondrial disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, England. lizbristow@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bristow
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Turnbull
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000378:metabolism; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV