title: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with the STARFlex device: early results and follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The STARFlex (SF) device is a CardioSEAL (CS) double-umbrella device that has been modified by the addition of a self-centering mechanism comprised of nitinol springs connected between the two umbrellas and a flexible core wire with a pin-pivoting connection. This paper compares the results of atrial septal defect (ASD) closure with CardioSEAL and STARFlex devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1996 and March 2000, 117 patients underwent ASD closure with CardioSEAL (n = 79) and STARFlex (n = 38). The mean age (17 years), weight (49 kg), and ASD size (15 mm) were similar in the two groups. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia with both fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring.
  The devices were successfully implanted in all patients. Ten patients had multiple ASDs. A single device was used in four patients (CardioSEAL in three, STARFlex in one), while a simultaneous placement of two CardioSEAL (one patient) or two STARFlex (five patients) were performed in six patients. The results are summarized as follows: [table: see text] Follow-Up Results: On follow-up clinical exam, electrocardiograms, chest X-rays, and echocardiograms were obtained at 1, 6, and 12 months. [table: see text] During follow-up there were no deaths, endocarditis, rhythm disturbances, or other complications. Arm fractures were observed almost exclusively with large CardioSEAL devices (40 mm, less frequently with 33 mm), and only in one 33-mm STARFlex device. There were no clinical complications related to fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The STARFlex device seems to offer better results than the CardioSEAL, with significantly lower rates of residual shunts and arm fractures.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Cardiologia Pediatrica, Istituto Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy. carminati.mario@mailcity.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carminati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spadoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redaelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hausdorf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome