title: Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammatory cytokines in the pig amnion.
abstract: Inflammatory mediators that are induced by gram-negative bacteria in the course of intrauterine infections threaten successful pregnancy. To compare the effect of two different routes of cytokine induction, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered in vivo either into the cord vein or into the amniotic cavity of pig fetuses in the second half of gestation for 20 h and cytokines were detected in the amnion.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were induced in the amniotic epithelium after intra-amniotic but not after intra-venous administration of LPS. The presence of IL-8 was confirmed by RT-PCR. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was expressed constitutively and was found in all samples of the amniotic epithelium. Amniotic fluid contained only minute levels of TNF-alpha. IL-8 levels in amniotic fluid increased after the treatment with LPS and the highest IL-8 levels were found in dead LPS-treated fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, 549 22, Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic. treb@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Ilja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Trebichavský
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Splíchal
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahradnícková
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Splíchalová
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha