title: Efficacy of nonsurgical treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical treatments for caudate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1994 and February 2001, 25 patients were treated for HCCs with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), and/or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). PEI was performed for 19 caudate HCCs, combined treatment with PEI and TAE for 4 nodules, and TAE for 2 nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 60 months (mean 21.3 months), 18 patients had no local recurrence. Local recurrence was seen in 7 patients, and recurrence in the other segments of the liver in 15 patients. Thirteen patients were alive, ranging from 6 to 60 months, and 12 patients died of multiple HCCs, hepatic failure, or rupture of esophageal varix. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the 25 patients were 70.6%, 60.2%, 48.1%, and 16.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEI, PEI and TAE, or TAE would be an effective alternative treatment for HCC in the caudate lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maetani
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ametani
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Kyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol