title: The cybergut. An experimental study on permanent microchip neuromodulation for control of gut function.
abstract: Acute electrical stimulation of vagal nerve changes gut motility, secretion as well as absorption, and it may have effect on food intake and satiety regulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of permanent microchip mediated neuromodulation (McNm) of vagal afferent activity on GI function and body mass in the experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-steps study was performed. In the first step (evaluation of food intake) 16 rabbits were divided in two groups, 8 animals each. Group A was subjected to microchip mediated neuromodulation (McNm), and control group B was sham operated. In both groups laparotomy and vagal exploration were performed. In the second step pathomechanism of Mc action was analysed in fourteen Wistar rats divided in two groups (C and D), 7 animals each. Group C was subjected to Mc implantation and gastrostomy placement and group D (controls) to gastrostomy placement alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food intake and body mass significantly decreased in group A after Mc implantation compared with the preoperative period and control group B. No differences were found in the frequency of gastric contractions between groups C and D, however, their amplitude was significantly stronger in group C. Neuromodulation had significant effect on BAO without changes in MAO levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low frequency permanent vagal neuromodulation affects gastric function and influences food intake in the experimental model.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of General and GI Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobocki
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krolczyk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diaz-Guemes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipinski
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*