title: Comparison of superficial and deep acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain: a double-blind randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic effect of the superficial and in-depth insertion of acupuncture needles in the treatment of patients with chronic lumbar myofascial pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized double-blind study of superficial and deep acupuncture was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the Pain Service Unit of the University of Padova.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 42 patients with lumbar myofascial pain who were divided into two equal groups (A and B).
  
  
  METHODS
  In group A, the needle was introduced in the skin at a depth of 2 mm, whereas in group B the needle was placed deeply into muscular tissue. The treatment was planned for a cycle of eight sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intensity of pain was evaluated with the McGill Pain Questionnaire before and after treatment and at the 3-month follow-up examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although at the end of the treatment there was no evidence of significant statistical differences between the two different groups, pain reduction was greater in the group treated with deep acupuncture. A statistical difference existed between the two groups at the 3-month follow up, with a better result in the deeply stimulated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical results show that deep stimulation has a better analgesic effect when compared with superficial stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Observatory on Unconventional Medicine, Anesthesiological Unit of the Department of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, University of Padova, Italy. istaneri@ux1.unipd.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccherelli
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rigoni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruzzante
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care