title: Temporal discrimination learning in abstinent chronic alcoholics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Converging evidence from varied experimental paradigms has demonstrated that the cerebellum is involved in the timing of learned behavior. Given the documented neurological changes secondary to chronic alcoholism, particularly cerebellar degeneration, the ability of recovered chronic alcoholics to learn a temporal discrimination was assessed by using delayed eyeblink classical conditioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve abstinent alcoholic participants and 12 matched control participants were randomly presented 2 clearly discriminable tone conditioned stimuli that were individually paired with 2 different interstimulus intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data revealed a significant alteration in the abstinent alcoholics' peak latency measure at the long interstimulus intervals and an overall impairment in their level of acquisition of conditioned responses. No group differences in extinction were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was speculated that cerebellar cortical atrophy caused by years of alcohol abuse resulted in the peak latency alteration and that atrophy extending into deep cerebellar nuclei caused the overall impairment in conditioned response acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical Schools, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA. rmcglin@bu.edu
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGlinchey-Berroth
authors.forename: Catherine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: Laird S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cermak
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Disterhoft
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology