title: [Antimicrobial use in Spanish hospitals (EPINE, 1990-1999)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monitoring of antimicrobial use and knowledge of prescription habits are some of the strategies recommended to contain the resistance to antimicrobials in hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a series of 10 annual studies of prevalence during the period 1990-1999 (EPINE project) in Spanish hospitals. Estimates of antimicrobial use were calculated as the percent distribution of every antimicrobial related to the overall antimicrobials prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 484,013 hospitalized patients, 34 to 36% were receiving antimicrobials (antibiotics > 90%). Amoxicillin-clavulanate use increased from 3.8% in 1990 up to 14.8% in 1999 (P < 0.01). Significant increases were also observed in the use of carbapenems (0.9 to 2.7%; P < 0.01), glycopeptides (1.7 to 3.7%; P < 0.01) and quinolones (8.5 to 11.3%; P < 0.01) though to a lesser degree. Conversely, the use of aminoglycosides decreased over the decade studied (15.8 to 9.4%; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though the use of antimicrobials has increased over the last decade, current figures are within the ranges observed in other countries. The pattern of antibiotics use has changed during this period: while the use of aminoglycosides decreased, that of -lactams plus -lactamase inhibitors, quinolones and carbapenems increased.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain. a_asensio@retemail.es
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantón
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaqué
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosselló
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arribas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
vernacular_title: Utilización de los antimicrobianos en los hospitales españoles (EPINE, 1990-1999).