title: Adenosinergic modulation of the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors are co-localized with dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors, respectively, and their stimulation attenuates dopaminergic functioning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether adenosine antagonists with different selectivities for A(1) and A(2A) receptors mimic the discriminative-stimulus effects of dopamine releaser methamphetamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of the A(1) antagonist DPCPX, the preferential A(2A) antagonist DMPX and the non-selective adenosine antagonist caffeine were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg, IP, methamphetamine from saline under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of food presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A(1) antagonist DPCPX (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) failed to substitute for methamphetamine. However, 5.6 mg/kg DPCPX shifted the methamphetamine dose-response curve to the left. The A(2A) antagonist DMPX (1.8-18.0 mg/kg) produced about 70% methamphetamine-appropriate responding and the non-selective antagonist caffeine (3.0-56.0 mg/kg) about 50% methamphetamine-appropriate responding at the highest tested doses. Both DMPX (5.6 mg/kg) and caffeine (30.0 mg/kg) shifted the methamphetamine dose-response curve to the left. Methamphetamine-like effects of DMPX were blocked fully by the D(2) antagonist spiperone (0.18 mg/kg) and partially by the D(1) antagonist SCH-23390 (0.018 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antagonism at A(2A) adenosine receptors directly mimics the discriminative-stimulus effects of methamphetamine through the interaction with dopamine receptors. Antagonism at A(1) adenosine receptors potentiates effects of lower methamphetamine doses and thus plays a rather indirect, modulatory role.
authors.affiliation: Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. pmunzar@alexza.com
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munzar
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Justinova
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kutkat
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D008694:Methamphetamine