title: Initial experience with minimally invasive in situ bypass procedure with blind valvulotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in situ vein (ISV) bypass is uniquely suited to technical modifications designed to reduce the wound morbidity of infrainguinal revascularization. A technique of "blind" valvulotomy and selective vein branch ligation was used, and a preliminary study was performed to assess safety and efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1998 to July 2001, all patients for infrainguinal bypass procedures underwent evaluation for inclusion in the study. Thirty-five patients underwent ISV bypass procedures with an expandable, self-centering valvulotome (ESV). Intraoperative selection of veins suitable for the study was assisted with venography and duplex scanning. The ISV bypass procedures were performed with initial groin and distal incisions, with smaller incisions to ligate significant arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Duplex graft scanning was performed at routine intervals after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven ISV grafts were performed from the common femoral artery to the popliteal (n = 14), tibial (n = 20), and dorsalis pedis (n = 3) arteries. In 35 cases (95%), a full-length incision was avoided. With ESV, all valves in 34 cases (92%) were effectively lysed. Proximal extension of the distal incision was performed in four cases (10.8%). The mean number of incisions per case was 3.1 +/- 1.7. One graft failed within 30 days (2.7%), with successful revision. During the early follow-up period (9.9 +/- 7.3 months; range, 1 to 33 months), 44% of residual AVF closed spontaneously (15 of 34 AVF; 16 patients) and two anastomotic stenoses and two symptomatic AVF were corrected surgically. Four late graft occlusions occurred, with a 1-year cumulative primary patency rate of 77% and a secondary patency rate of 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blind valvulotomy with ESV facilitates safe and effective minimally invasive ISV bypass. Resultant graft patency rates appear comparable with results with open techniques. This preliminary experience warrants further study to refine patient selection criteria and operative technique and to better clarify the natural history of residual AVF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Sidhu P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gangadharan
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: David K W
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belkin
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Magruder C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors; D014654:Vascular Patency