title: Etching conditions for resin-modified glass ionomer cement for orthodontic brackets.
abstract: This study reports the tensile bond strength of orthodontic eyelets (RMO, Inc, Denver, Colo) bonded to human extracted teeth with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Fuji Ortho LC, GC America, Alsip, Ill) and various acid etchants (Etch-37 and All-Etch, Bisco, Schaumburg, Ill; Ultra Etch, 3M Unitek, St Paul, Minn) for enamel preparation before bonding. The enamel etch conditions were as follows: 37% phosphoric acid with silica; 37% phosphoric acid, silica-free; 10% phosphoric acid, silica-free; 10% polyacrylic acid; and unetched enamel. Bond strength was measured by pulling in tension on the eyelet with a 0.018-in steel wire perpendicular to the enamel surface with a testing machine (Instron model 1125, Canton, Mass) at a speed of 2 mm/min. A light-cured resin cement (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) applied to enamel etched with 37% phosphoric acid containing silica served as a control. Each group included 30 specimens. The Weibull distribution (m) was used for statistical analysis with a 90% CI. The different etchants used with RMGIC did not affect tensile bond strength. The resin cement group had the highest tensile strength. Significantly lower bond strengths were observed when glass ionomer cement was used to bond orthodontic attachments to nonetched teeth. However, unlike resin cement, RMGIC can bond effectively to etched teeth in a moist environment without an additional bonding agent.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Rudolfo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Waldemar G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: De Rijk
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Carla A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D016008:Statistical Distributions; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C006903:carbopol 940; C030242:phosphoric acid