title: Trimodal combination therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of trimodal combination therapy (radiotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, antrotomy) for the treatment of primary maxillary sinus carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1977 and 1996, 110 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma were treated with trimodal combination therapy at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. All tumors were classified according to the 1997 UICC TNM staging system. Eighty percent of patients had T3 or T4 tumors. The T3 and T4 tumors were also classified into three groups according to their location, as visualized using computed tomography: the posterior-lateral (P) group, the medial (M) group, and the upper (U) group. Eight patients received additional radiotherapy, and 37 patients underwent a second surgical procedure, in addition to the trimodal combination therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year cause-specific survival and local control rates were 71% and 65%, respectively. The 5-year local control rate was 80% for the T1+2 tumors, 64% for the T3 tumors, and 52% for the T4 tumors (p = 0.06). Patients in the P+M group who received a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) dosage of more than 3500 mg had a better 5-year local control rate than patients who received a 5-FU dosage of less than 3500 mg (p = 0.01). No improvement in the local control rate after a second surgical procedure or additional irradiation treatment was observed in any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trimodal combination therapy provides good local control, with the final outcome depending on the T stage of the tumor and the dosage of 5-FU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45 Yushima I-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. ysmrmrad@med.tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryo-ichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amagasa
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D005472:Fluorouracil