title: Differential effects of interleukin-6 receptor activation on intracellular signaling and bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts.
abstract: The effects of the related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin-M on bone resorption and cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling were compared in isolated rat osteoclasts. In the traditional disaggregated osteoclast (pit) assay, IL-6 and LIF, but not oncostatin-M, conserved the bone resorption otherwise inhibited by high extracellular [Ca(2+)] (15 mM). It produced a paradoxical, concentration-dependent stimulation of resorption by elevated extracellular Ca(2+). In the micro-isolated single osteoclast resorption assay, IL-6, high [Ca(2+)] or IL-6 plus high [Ca(2+)] all increased pit formation. In contrast, the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-specific agonist antibody MT-18 inhibited bone resorption in a concentration-dependent manner (1:500 to 1:500 000). MT-18 triggered cytosolic Ca(2+) signals in fura 2-loaded osteoclasts within approximately 10 min of application. Each cytosolic Ca(2+) transient began with a peak deflection that persisted in Ca(2+)-free, EGTA-containing extracellular medium, consistent with a release of intracellularly stored Ca(2+). This was followed by a sustained elevation of cytosolic [Ca(2+)] that was abolished in Ca(2+)-free medium, as expected from an entry of extracellular Ca(2+), and by the Ca(2+) channel antagonist Ni(2+). The inclusion of either IL-6 or soluble human (sh) IL-6R specifically reversed both the above effects of MT-18, confirming that both effects were specific for the IL-6R. The findings suggest that IL-6R activation by IL-6 stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption either by reversing the inhibitory effect of high extracellular Ca(2+) in stromal-containing systems or itself stimulating bone resorption along with Ca(2+) by micro-isolated osteoclasts. In contrast, activation of the IL-6R by an agonist antibody produces an inhibition of bone resorption and an associated triggering of the cytosolic Ca(2+) signals previously associated with regulation of bone resorptive function in other situations.
authors.affiliation: The Mount Sinai Bone Program and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moonga
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adebanjo
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Troen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inzerillo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minkin
authors.forename: C L-H
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001862:Bone Resorption; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D053683:Oncostatin M; D002118:Calcium