title: Sun protection policies and environmental features in US elementary schools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess current sun protection policies and the receptiveness to new policies at elementary schools in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  General educational community.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1998, a random sample of 1000 public elementary schools in the United States was selected (proportional to population size) from 27 metropolitan areas chosen from the 58 US cities regularly reporting the UV index in 1997. A final sample of principals from 412 elementary schools completed the survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only 3.4% of schools had a sun protection policy. The most common reasons for not having a policy included the principal's lack of awareness (n = 113) or organizational barriers in the school districts (n = 77). Most principals (84.2%) said that students were outdoors during midday hours. Many principals (48.3%) were willing to adopt a sun protection policy. Most schools (72.8%) had shade structures but the majority (67.3%) reportedly covered less than one fifth of the grounds. Most principals (76.4%) were willing to increase the amount of shade structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low frequency of sun protection policies and shade structures calls for national efforts to change policies and environments to increase sun protection at US schools. Research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of these changes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Communication, AMC Cancer Research Center, 1600 Pierce St, Denver, CO 80214, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Mary Klein
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Buller
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosseel
authors.forename: Drusilla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hufford
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benjes
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lew
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000458:organization & administration; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States