title: Sleeve lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer and carcinoids: results in 160 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess operative mortality (OM), morbidity and long-term results of sleeve lobectomies performed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and carcinoids during a 35-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients who underwent a sleeve lobectomy for NSCLC and carcinoids was undertaken, univariate and multivariate analyses of factors influencing early mortality in NSCLC were performed and for this purpose the series was split into an early and a contemporary phase, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate, and statistical significance was calculated with the log-rank test. Causes of death were evaluated in relation to the stage of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OM for NSCLC was 14.6% in the early phase and 6% in the contemporary one; late stenosis occurred in 7.7% of NSCLC patients in the early phase and in 2% in the contemporary one. No OM or late stenosis occurred in carcinoid patients. Three, 5 and 10-year survival rates excluding carcinoids were 77, 62 and 31% for stage I(A-B), 45, 34 and 27% for stage II(A-B), 33, 22 and 0% for stage III(A-B). The 10-year survival rate for carcinoids was 100%. There was no significant difference in long-term survival between stages II and III, while the difference between stage I and stages II and III was significant (P<0.001). When survival was analyzed in relation to nodal status, 3, 5 and 10-year survival rates were 71, 57 and 33% for N0 disease, 42, 33 and 22% for N1 disease, and 34 and 19% with the last observation at 82 months of 19% for N2 disease; there was no significant difference in survival between N1 and N2 disease. A second primary lung cancer occurred in six patients (3.7%) who underwent resection. Late mortality was not related to cancer in most stage I patients while in stages II and III patients it was related to local and distant recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleeve lobectomy is a valid alternative to pneumonectomy: careful patient selection and surgical technique make it possible to achieve a mortality rate comparable to or lower than that for pneumonectomy along with a better quality of life. In addition, it allows further lung resection, if necessary.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore, Azienda Ospedaliera, P. le Stefani 1, 37128 Verona, Italy. aterzi@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonardoni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falezza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scanagatta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calabrò
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis