title: Role of chest computed tomography at diagnosis in the management of Wilms' tumor: a study by the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether the identification of minimal pulmonary metastatic disease by chest computed tomography (CT) performed at diagnosis in patients with Wilms' tumor and normal chest x-rays (CXR) could predict a subgroup of children at increased risk of pulmonary relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was carried out of the records of 449 children entered onto the United Kingdom Childrens' Cancer Study Group Second Wilms' Tumor Study between July 1986 and September 1991. The imaging protocol did not stipulate chest CT at diagnosis, but 141 children who had normal frontal and lateral CXRs and a chest CT scan performed at diagnosis were eligible for analysis. After surgery, children with stage I Wilms' tumor received single-agent chemotherapy (vincristine), whereas children with stages II, III, and bilateral Wilms' tumor received combination chemotherapy. Most children with stage III tumors were also treated with abdominal radiotherapy (20 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 31 patients (22%), pulmonary nodules were visible on chest CT; eight experienced relapse, four (15%) in the lungs. When only stage I patients were analyzed, there was a significant difference between the pulmonary relapse rate of 43% (three of seven) in the CT-positive group and 10% (five of 48) in the CT-negative group (P =.02). Four of eight patients with stage I disease with pulmonary relapse died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT seemed to identify a subgroup of stage I patients who were at increased risk of pulmonary relapse. These children had received only single-agent chemotherapy. A prospective randomized trial is needed to clarify whether these children would benefit from combination chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Veys
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imeson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dicks-Mireaux
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine