title: Complex regional pain syndrome in the head and neck: a review of the literature.
abstract: This article reviews the features of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. CRPS is a pathology that has been described as occurring almost always in a limb, but this review provides a focus on the literature reporting cases in which the face, head, and neck were affected. Very few cases were found that seemed to meet the International Association for the Study of Pain criteria for the disease. The clinical characteristics were similar to those of CRPS elsewhere in the body, with the main features being burning pain, hyperalgesia, and hyperesthesia starting after a trauma to the craniofacial region. Physical signs were reported less frequently. The treatment of choice was seen to be a series of stellate ganglion anesthetic blocks, which resulted in a good outcome in all the cases reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Gelb Craniomandibular and Orofacial Pain Center, Tufts University, School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zawawi
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: al-Badawi
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lobo Lobo
authors.forename: Noshir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013233:Stellate Ganglion