title: Mid-term results after extensive vein patch reconstruction and internal mammary grafting of the diffusely diseased left anterior descending coronary artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of extensive reconstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) by an autologous vein patch, with or without endarterectomy (EA), associated with left internal mammary artery grafting onto the patch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1994 and April 2001, among 5871 myocardial revascularizations, 83 patients (1.4%), 77 male (93%), with a mean age+/-SD of 64+/-8 years (range 44-84) underwent the above mentioned procedure. Seventy-three of them (88%) were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Class III or IV, and 78 (94%) had a three-vessel disease. Mean preoperative ejection fraction was 58+/-12%. Risk factors included hypertension (63%), family history (51%), hyperlipidemia (41%), smoking (38%), diabetes (19%). Mean number of anastomoses/patient was 3+/-0.6. Mean length of vein patch was 2.8+/-0.9 cm (range 2-6 cm). A total of 16% of the patients underwent associated LAD-EA (mean cardiopulmonary bypass time: 132+/-21 min; mean aortic crossclamp time: 81+/-15 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one hospital death (recurrent MI, 1.2%). Seven patients (8%) had a perioperative myocardial infarction, in three cases in the region supplied by the LAD (none after associated LAD-EA). Mean follow-up period was 47+/-20 months (range 5-90) and is 99% complete. There were five late cardiac deaths (6%). A total of 74% survivors have no symptoms, 12% are in CCS Class I-II, and 14% in III-IV. Actuarial freedom from recurrent angina at 3 and 5 years is 77 and 69%, respectively. Follow-up angiograms (49 patients, 60%) revealed a full patent LAD graft in 82% of the cases (GI), versus poor run-off/occluded graft in the remaining 18% (GII). Anginal status was significantly worse in GII patients (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended reconstruction of the LAD coronary artery increases surgical risk. The procedure however enhances the probability for a complete revascularization in patients with an unfavourable anatomical substrate, with acceptable mid-term results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Medical School, OCM Borgo Trento, Piazzale Stefani 1, Italy. fsant@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casali
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lusini
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzucco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*