title: Interferon therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low HCV-RNA levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interferon-alfa is widely used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, and has been thought to have a preventive effect on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops from chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C or liver cirrhosis. We studied the effect of interferon for liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma after treating hepatocellular carcinoma itself.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the preventive effect of this drug on local recurrence and/or new development of primary tumor after clearance of hepatitis C virus, 46 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with low HCV-RNA level were randomized to receive recombinant interferon-alfa 2b (n = 22) or not (n = 24) after being treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. In the interferon-treated group, patients received 3 million international units of interferon-alfa 2b intramuscularly three times a week for 4 months. In both groups, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection therapy was performed as an initial treatment and these therapies were repeated every 4-6 months. Serum HCV-RNA levels of all 46 patients were under 0.5 Meq/mL by branched DNA probe assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the interferon-treated group, 11 of the 22 (50%) patients were HCV-RNA negative at the 6 months after completing the course of interferon therapy. HCV-RNA was undetectable during the observation period in 2 of the 24 (9.5%) patients in the untreated group. The survival rate in the interferon-treated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (P = 0.01 by the log-rank test). Though there was no significant difference in the incidence of local recurrence in both groups, the incidence of secondary hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower in the interferon-treated group than that in the untreated group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis validated interferon treatment as an independent predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that, if HCV-RNA level is low, interferon may be a therapy of choice in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Otsuka Hospital, Minami-Otsuka 2-8-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyaguchi
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiyori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Mitsuyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins