title: Abdominal seat belt marks in the era of focused abdominal sonography for trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) is an unreliable method for assessing intra-abdominal injury in patients with seat belt marks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of trauma patients with intestinal injury and seat belt marks during a 3-year period. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, FAST results, computed tomographic (CT) scan results, and operative findings. The CT scan results were considered positive if bowel wall thickening, extraluminal air, or free fluid without solid organ injury were present.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital designated as a level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients who required operation for intestinal or mesenteric injury and who had an abdominal seat belt mark.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity of FAST in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were evaluated using both FAST and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Eighteen patients (78%) had either negative or equivocal FAST results when significant intestinal injury was present. All 23 patients had CT scan findings suggestive of bowel or mesenteric injury. Moderate-to-large free intraperitoneal fluid without solid organ injury was the most common finding (n = 21, 91%). Operative findings included small-bowel perforation (n = 18, 78%), colonic perforation (n = 7, 30%), bowel deserosalization (n = 8, 35%), and isolated mesenteric injury (n = 5, 22%). Sixteen patients (70%) had multiple intra-abdominal injuries. All patients were taken directly from the emergency department to the operating room. Seventeen percent of operative explorations (4/23) were nontherapeutic (no repairs required).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that FAST cannot reliably exclude intestinal injury in patients with seat belt marks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville and University of Louisville Hospitals, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. stassen@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lukan
authors.forename: Eddy H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Spain
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology