title: Two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging of the living juxtaglomerular apparatus.
abstract: Recently, multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy has been developed that offers important advantages over confocal imaging, particularly for in vivo visualization of thick tissue samples. We used this state-of-the-art technique to capture high-quality images and study the function of otherwise inaccessible cell types and complex cell structures of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in living preparations of the kidney. This structure has multiple cell types that exhibit a complex array of functions, which regulate the process of filtrate formation and renal hemodynamics. We report, for the first time, on high-resolution three-dimensional morphology and Z-sectioning through isolated, perfused kidney glomeruli, tubules, and JGA. Time-series images show how alterations in tubular fluid composition cause striking changes in single-cell volume of the unique macula densa tubular epithelium in situ and how they also affect glomerular filtration through alterations in associated structures within the JGA. In addition, calcium imaging of the glomerulus and JGA demonstrates the utility of this system in capturing the complexity of events and effects that are exerted by the specific hypertensive autacoid angiotensin II. This imaging approach to the study of isolated, perfused live tissue with multiphoton microscopy may be applied to other biological systems in which multiple cell types form a functionally integrated syncytium.
authors.affiliation: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan. petjan@uab.edu
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peti-Peterdi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: P Darwin
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003199:Computer Systems; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D007606:Juxtaglomerular Apparatus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D007834:Lasers; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II