title: Effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and cyclic nucleotides in human subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, Dornier Medizintechnik GmbH, Wessling Munchen, Germany) on plasma nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic nucleotides was investigated. It is known that ESWL increased plasma levels of vasoactive substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 patients undergoing ESWL for renal (14) and lower ureteral (14) stones participated in a prospective study. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for plasma nitrite, NO metabolite, cyclic 3', 5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and plasma renin activity before, immediately after, 30 and 60 minutes after ESWL. Urine samples were also analyzed for nitrite before, immediately after, 30 and 60 minutes after ESWL. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after ESWL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESWL increased mean plasma nitrite levels. Before, immediately after, 30 and 60 minutes after ESWL mean plasma nitrate plus or minus standard error in patients with renal versus lower ureteral stones was 43.6 +/- 8.5, 52.8 +/- 7.4, 54.0 +/- 8.0 and 52.2 +/- 9.1 versus 27 +/- 5.8, 24.6 +/- 4.7, 23.6 +/- 4.8 and 28.0 +/- 7.1 nM., respectively. Before, immediately after, 30 and 60 minutes after ESWL mean plasma cGMP in patients with renal versus lower ureteral stones was 1.21 +/- 0.1, 1.64 +/- 0.16, 1.52 +/- 0.12 and 1.58 +/- 0.14 versus 1.45 +/- 0.18, 1.52 +/- 0.13, 1.52 +/- 0.15 and 1.51 +/- 0.11 fmol., respectively. Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate was not increased by ESWL in patients with renal stones. Urine nitrite increased slightly but not significantly after ESWL. Plasma cyclic nucleotides and nitrite, and urine nitrite were not changed by ESWL in patients with lower ureteral stones. Plasma renin activity decreased significantly in patients with renal stones 60 minutes after ESWL. Blood pressure and pulse rates increased mildly without statistical significance after ESWL for renal stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESWL increases plasma nitrite and cGMP in patients with renal stones, suggesting that shock waves stimulate the NO-cGMP signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Kwan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Myung Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Gon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suhn Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Zoo
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000097:blood*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP