title: Continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion in patients with 'brittle' diabetes: favourable effects on glycaemic control and hospital stay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) using implantable pumps on glycaemic control and duration of hospital stay in poorly controlled 'brittle' Dutch diabetes patients, and to assess their current quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients were included. Glycaemic control was retrospectively assessed with HbA(1c) levels acquired before implantation, 1 year later and at long-term follow up of 58 months. Duration of hospital stay the year before and the year following first implantation was extracted from hospital records. Determinants of long-term glycaemic response were sought. Self-report questionnaires were administered at 58 months follow-up only, to assess current psychopathology and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HbA(1c) decreased from 10.0 +/- 2.3% to 9.0 +/- 1.8% (P = 0.039) 1 year after implantation and stabilized at 9.0 +/- 1.6% (P = 0.023) during long-term follow-up. Median number of hospital days in the 20 patients suffering from hospital admission before implantation decreased from 45 the year before implantation to 13 the year after (P = 0.005). Patients with a higher baseline HbA(1c) showed a larger long-term response (P < 0.001). Relatively low levels for quality of life were found, as well as a higher than expected number of patients with psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIPII proved effective in complex patients with a history of poor control and hospital admission. Despite a substantial long-term improvement in glycaemic control and diminished hospital stay, normal levels of glycaemic control and quality of life were not attained.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Endocrinology, Reproduction and Metabolism, Departments of Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hans.devries@vumc.nl
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: DeVries
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eskes
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Snoek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pouwer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Ballegooie
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spijker
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kostense
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seubert
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003710:Demography; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000523:psychology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin