title: Survey of radiography and radiation protection in general dental practice in Uganda.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To carry out the first survey in Uganda of all dentists and all public health dental officers (PHDO) to assess the status of dental radiography and radiation protection.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 74 dentists and 76 PHDOs in Uganda were sent a postal questionnaire including 33 questions relating to various demographic details, radiographic equipment and radiographic techniques, including processing and radiation protection. A second questionnaire was sent to non-respondents after 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two per cent of dentists responded and 83% of PHDOs. Seventy per cent of the dentists and 100% of the PHDOs were trained in Uganda. Seventy-five per cent of the dentists and 30% of the PHDOs had access to one of the approximately 30 X-ray machines in the country. The majority of the equipment did not comply with current recommendations in Europe. Fifty-one per cent of dentists used machines with mechanical timers, 28% used machines with no visual warning signal and 17% used equipment with no audible warning signal. Most of the equipment was over 30 years old and only 15% of dentists knew when the equipment was last serviced. The most relevant finding of the surveys was the level of 'don't know' responses to many questions from both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of knowledge regarding dental radiography and radiation protection plus the condition of most equipment in Uganda is a matter of concern. Standards of care are considerably lower than in developed countries requiring improved undergraduate training, provision of postgraduate courses and Ugandan governmental or international financial assistance.
authors.affiliation: General Dental Practitioner, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mutyabule
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Whaites
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003906:Developing Countries; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005792:General Practice, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008283:Maintenance; D011636:Public Health Dentistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda