title: Quantification of veterinary antibiotics (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in animal manure by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A fast and cost effective method was developed to extract and quantify residues of veterinary antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) in animal manure by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds investigated include six sulfonamides, one metabolite, and trimethoprim. The method was performed without sample clean up. Recoveries from spiked manure slurry samples (spike level = 1 mg/kg) were as follows: sulfaguanidine (52%), sulfadiazine (47%), sulfathiazole (64%), sulfamethazine (89%), its metabolite N4-acetyl-sulfamethazine (88%), sulfamethoxazole (84%), sulfadimethoxine (51%), and trimethoprim (64%). Relative standard deviations of the recoveries were less than 5% within the same day and less than 20% between days. The limit of quantification was below 0.1 mg/kg liquid manure slurry for all compounds and calibration curves obtained from extracts of spiked samples were linear up to a level of 5 mg/kg liquid manure, except for trimethoprim (0.01-0.5 mg/kg). Analysis of six grab samples taken in Switzerland from manure pits on farms where medicinal feed had been applied revealed total sulfonamide concentrations of up to 20 mg/kg liquid manure.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf.
authors.forename: Michel Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Stephan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Christa S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: McArdell
authors.forename: Alfredo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.forename: Marc J F
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Suter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014295:Trimethoprim