title: Lispro insulin treatment in comparison with regular human insulin in type 2 diabetic patients living in nursing homes.
abstract: Lispro insulin has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing post-prandial blood glucose levels. Thirty Type 2 diabetic subjects (18 women and 12 men) living in nursing homes, aged 77 +/- 3 yr, mean systolic pressure 147 +/- 6 and diastolic 82 +/- 4 mmHg, body mass index 27.5 +/- 2 kg/m2, known diabetes duration 10.1+/- 0.7 yr, mean HbA1c 8.5 +/- 0.8%, fasting C-peptide 1.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, treated with intensive (4 insulin injections per day) therapy, mean insulin need 45 +/- 7 IU per day, with 2.0 +/- 0.6 hypoglycaemic (blood glucose level below 60 mg/dl) and 13 +/- 4 hyperglycaemic episodes (blood glucose level over 250 mg/dl) per wk, were studied. Their own informed consent or that provided by a family member was obtained before these patients took part in a therapy protocol divided into 3 four-mo periods; in the 1st and 3rd period regular insulin (75% of the total dose) was administered 30 min before each meal, in the second lispro insulin was administered immediately at the end of each meal, according to the carbohydrate quantity ingested with the meal. During the lispro treatment period there was a significant decrease of the mean daily blood glucose 166 +/- 12 regular vs 143 +/- 9 lispro; p<0.01, HbA1c 8.5 +/- 0.6 regular vs 7.6 +/- 0.5 % lispro; p<0.01, triglycerides 261 +/- 40 regular vs 218 +/- 20 mg/dl lispro; p<0.01, hypoglycaemic 2.1 +/- 0.2 regular vs 1.6 +/- 0.3 lispro; p<0.01 and hyperglicaemic 12 +/- 1 regular vs 8 +/- 0.3 lispro; p<0.01 episodes per wk. No statistical difference was recorded between the 1st and the 3rd treatment period. The lispro treatment produced a better metabolic control (mean blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides), better lifestyle (less hypo- and hyperglycaemic episodes), better nurse management (no waiting time before, but a more accurate calculation of the right dose administered immediately at the end of each meal). Lispro insulin seems to be a good therapeutic choice not only in Type 1, but also in the large population of elderly Type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Diabetica, Casa di Cura Pineta del Carso, Aurisina, Trieste, Italy. mario.velussi@libero.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velussi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro