title: [Normal values and evaluation of the German parents' version of Strengths and DIfficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): Results of a representative field study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The (SDQ) is a short questionnaire which addresses positive and negative behavioural attributes of children or adolescents. Being rated by parents or teachers, or as an equivalent self-report version, the 25 SDQ items were designed to include both strengths and difficulties. Although several reports have demonstrated the validity of the German SDQ, normative data have not yet been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nationwide representative field study, parent ratings were completed for 930 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 16 years. Following verification of the scale structure by factor analysis, the observed distributions of scores were used to define normal, borderline, and abnormal score ranges. Possible effects of gender, age, and social class were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis yielded an exact replication of the original scales. Several associations with gender, age, and social status attained statistical significance, but cut-off scores for the five subscales remained stable in different subgroups. Age- and sex-specific bandings for the total problem score reflected small differences between homogeneous subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After replication and confirming the original scale factors, the availability of normative data further enhances the diagnostic value of the SDQ and facilitates future validation studies. Present evidence suggests that the SDQ may serve as a useful and economical screening measure, and in many other clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. WWOERNE@GWDG.DE
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Woerner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klasen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothenberger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010553:Personality Development; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
vernacular_title: Normierung und Evaluation der deutschen Elternversion des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ): Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Felderhebung.