Metabolism and the control of circadian rhythms.
The core apparatus that regulates circadian rhythm has been extensively studied over the past five years. A looming question remains, however, regarding how this apparatus is adjusted to maintain coordination between physiology and the changing environment. The diversity of stimuli and input pathways that gain access to the circadian clock are summarized. Cellular metabolic states could serve to link physiologic perception of the environment to the circadian oscillatory apparatus. A simple model, integrating biochemical, cellular, and physiologic data, is presented to account for the connection of cellular metabolism and circadian rhythm.
Rutter
Jared
J
Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA. jrutte@biochem.swmed.edu
Reick
Martin
M
McKnight
Steven L
SL
D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D056931:Cryptochromes; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D056931:Cryptochromes; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005420:Flavoproteins; D005947:Glucose; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C104264:NPAS2 protein, human; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C119828:cry protein, Drosophila; C538943:CLOCK protein, human