title: Pathological gambling and comorbid substance use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the rates of substance use problems in a sample of diagnosed pathological gamblers seeking treatment in a university teaching hospital cognitive behavioural outpatient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semistructured interview schedule and the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI-auto) were administered to assess substance dependence in a sample of 75 poker-machine gamblers meeting DSM-IV and South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS) criteria for pathological gambling. Both the self-reported rates and the proportion meeting criteria for a psychiatric disorder were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates for substance use disorder within a sample of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers is higher as compared to general population figures. Gender differences were found with more current alcohol-abuse problems reported among male than female participants. Non-alcohol-related substance abuse was relatively lower than rates reported by other studies in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substance abuse is a common comorbid condition of pathological gambling and therefore should be screened for in routine clinical assessments. Failure to identify and treat comorbid substance-use disorders in gamblers may lead to higher relapse rates.
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine Program, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maccallum
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blaszczynski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D012650:Self Disclosure; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*