title: Cerebral microarteriovenous malformations: diagnostic and therpeutic features in a series of patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few collected series of cerebral microarteriovenous malformations (micro-AVMs) have been reported. Our propose was to assess the unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by these lesions and their influence on outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical presentation, diagnostic features, principles of endovascular or surgical treatment, and outcomes for a consecutive series of 10 patients (five male, five female; mean age, 48.8 years; age range, 31-65 years) with angiographically demonstrated cerebral micro-AVMs were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented with a cerebral hematoma (supratentorial in eight, infratentorial in two, intraventricular in one, subarachnoid in one; mean volume, 11.6 cm(3)), which was superficially situated in nine patients. Neurologic deficits were observed in nine patients, and three patients had seizures. The mean delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 129.8 days (range, 6 days to 1 year). Superselective angiography was performed in seven patients and followed by successful acrylic embolization of the lesion in five. Five patients underwent surgical intervention, which led to definitive resection. Although long-term neurologic problems were present in eight patients, they were able to return to their previous activities and employment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of cerebral micro-AVMs requires a high index of suspicion, especially in young adults with atypical hemorrhaging. Single-shot embolization of micro-AVMs may be a safe alternative to the established surgical therapy in select cases. Outcomes depend mostly on the clinical conditions at admission.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cellerini
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangiafico
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nistri
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pandolfo
authors.forename: Hahman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noubari
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ammannati
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mennonna
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scollato
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures