Molecular targeting of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins based on small molecule mimics of natural binding partners.
An assay based on a solvent-sensitive fluorogenic dye molecule, badan, is used to test the binding affinity of a library of tetrapeptide molecules for the BIR3 (baculovirus IAP repeat) domain of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein). The fluorophore is attached to a tetrapeptide, Ala-Val-Pro-Cys-NH(2), through a thiol linkage and, upon binding to XIAP, undergoes a solvatochromic shift in fluorescence emission. When a molecule (e.g., a natural protein known to bind to XIAP or a tetrapeptide mimic) displaces the dye, the emission shifts back to the spectrum observed in water. As emission intensity is related to the binding of the tetrapeptide, the intensity can be used to determine the equilibrium constant, K, for the displacement of the dye by the tetrapeptide. The results permit residue-specific analysis of the interaction. Furthermore, we show that hydrophobic effects in the fourth position are general and can effectively increase overall affinity.
Kipp
Rachael A
RA
Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Case
Martin A
MA
Wist
Aislyn D
AD
Cresson
Catherine M
CM
Carrell
Maria
M
Griner
Erin
E
Wiita
Arun
A
Albiniak
Philip A
PA
Chai
Jijie
J
Shi
Yigong
Y
Semmelhack
Martin F
MF
McLendon
George L
GL
D015081:2-Naphthylamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
C122155:6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D014764:Viral Proteins; C086430:inhibitor of apoptosis, Nucleopolyhedrovirus; D015081:2-Naphthylamine; D010450:Endopeptidases