title: Deficiency of decidual IL-10 in first trimester missed abortion: a lack of correlation with the decidual immune cell profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if first trimester missed abortion decidua is characterized by an altered immune cell profile and/or a modified interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production pattern compared with decidua from elective termination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the decidual immune cell phenotypic profile and production pattern of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in cases of elective termination (n = 14) and missed abortion (n = 12).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups had a similar proportion of CD56+ CD16-, CD56+ CD16+, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, alphabeta T cells and gammadelta T cells. The majority of alphabeta and gammadelta positive T cells in both groups coexpressed the natural killer (NK) cell marker CD56, but lacked cell surface expression of CD3. Diminished decidual IL-10 staining was noted in 7/10 missed abortion cases compared with none of the elective termination cases (n = 12) (P = 0.007). A uniform decidual IFN-gamma staining pattern was observed in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased IL-10 production coupled with a sustained IFN-gamma presence noted in missed abortion compared with elective termination cases suggest that these cytokines may be important determinants in pregnancy outcome. In contrast, differences in the proportion of immune cells between both groups may not be a critical factor in early pregnancy loss. In normal pregnancy, decidual alphabeta and gammadelta positive T cells with reduced CD3 on their cell surface may be intrinsically restricted in T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University, Providence 02905, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plevyak
authors.forename: Nazeeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinar
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fast
authors.forename: Christi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekerfelt
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ernerudh
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matthiesen
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced; D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000172:deficiency*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma