title: Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate predictors of long term prognosis in infective endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  212 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis between 1980 and 1995
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall and cardiac mortality; event-free survival; and the following events: recurrence, need for late valve surgery, bleeding and embolic complications, cerebral dysfunction, congestive heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow up period of 89 months (range 1-244 months), 56% of patients died. In 180 hospital survivors, overall and cardiac mortality amounted to 45% and 24%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, early surgical treatment, infection by streptococci, age < 55 years, absence of congestive heart failure, and > 6 symptoms or signs of endocarditis during active infection were predictive of improved overall long term survival. Independent determinants of event-free survival were infection by streptococci and age < 55 years. Event-free survival was 17% at the end of follow up both in medically-surgically treated patients and in medically treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long term survival following infective endocarditis is 50% after 10 years and is predicted by early surgical treatment, age < 55 years, lack of congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of more symptoms of endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Cardiovascular Centre Bern, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Institute for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R O M
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Netzer
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Altwegg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zollinger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Täuber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors