title: Bisphenol A accumulation in the freshwater clam Pisidium amnicum at low temperatures.
abstract: Toxicokinetics of (14)C-labeled bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the small freshwater clam Pisidium amnicum at four ecologically relevant low temperatures (2, 6, 8, and 12 degrees C). The uptake clearance (k(u)) of BPA increased from 1.49 to 6.55 ml x g(-1) x h(-1) as temperature increased from 2 to 8 degrees C but decreased slightly again at the highest temperature. The depuration of BPA was very slow and statistically insignificant at 2 degrees C, but the depuration rate ( k(d)) increased linearly as temperature increased from 2 to 12 degrees C. The longest half-life of BPA in clam tissues, 221 h, was found at the lowest temperature, and the highest bioconcentration factor of 144 was measured at 8 degrees C. Data show that P. amnicum accumulates BPA so that the bioconcentration factor rises over 100 at each temperature tested. Further, the data demonstrate the importance of temperature on the processes that control both the uptake and elimination of this compound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland. Jari.Heinonen@joensuu.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.forename: J V K
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Holopainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001682:Biological Availability; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000502:physiology*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013696:Temperature; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds