title: Fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam combination results in more stable hemodynamics than does urethane alpha-chloralose and 2,2,2-tribromoethanol in mice.
abstract: Near-physiologic hemodynamic conditions for several hours were needed to study cardiovascular physiology in a murine model. We compared two commonly used anesthetic treatments, urethane alpha-chloralose (U-alphaCh; 968 mg U and 65 mg alphaCh/kg) and 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (TBE; 435 mg/kg) and fentanyl fluanisone midazolam (FFM; 3.313 mg fentanyl, 104.8 mg fluanisone, and 52.42 mg midazolam/kg) with respect to mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) for 100 min at similar levels of surgical anesthesia. Assessed every 10 to 15 min, the U-alphaCh+TBE group maintained a significantly (P < 0.001) lower mean MAP (49 4 mmHg) than did the FFM group (78 5 mmHg). Mean HR in the U-alphaCh+TBE group significantly (P < 0.001) increased from 308 34 bpm at the beginning to 477 43 bpm at the end of the experiment. In comparison, the FFM group showed a stable HR of 431 37 bpm. The MAP and HR of the U-alphaCh+TBE group were extremely unstable, with sudden and unpredictable changes in MAP when examined at 1-min intervals. The results of our study show that U-alphaCh+TBE anesthesia should not be used in murine models in which stable, near-physiologic hemodynamics are needed for cardiovascular studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willeke M C
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.forename: Coert J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zuurbier
authors.forename: Robbert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: De Winter
authors.forename: Danyel A F
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Van Den Heuvel
authors.forename: Pieter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Reitsma
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002090:Butyrophenones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002698:Chloralose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D023421:Models, Animal; D014520:Urethane / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D002090:Butyrophenones; C062527:tribromoethanol; C005014:fluanisone; D002698:Chloralose; D014520:Urethane; D000431:Ethanol; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl