title: Immunological indicators of disease activity and prognosis in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The need to ensure an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment for multiple sclerosis patients, considering the various clinical and immunopathological subtypes of the disease, requires the identification of biomarkers that measure disease activity and predict the course of disease development in individual patients. Moreover, the identification of effective indicators will lead not only to optimized patient treatment but also to the development of better tools for evaluating clinical trials. Recent studies focusing on the identification of possible immunological markers in multiple sclerosis will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 7 Michal Street, Haifa 34362, Israel.
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Galboiz
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D014527:Uric Acid; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases