title: Endovascular treatment of Hunt and Hess grade IV and V aneuryms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controversy still surrounds the question of when and how to manage cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage of Hunt and Hess grade IV and V aneurysms. Several authors are in favor of surgical treatment, reporting improved clinical outcomes and lower mortality rates. Considering that endovascular procedures are currently being increasingly used to treat aneurysms, we investigated their use in the management of subarachnoid bleeding in a retrospective review of 80 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients were admitted to our hospital between October 1992 and October 1998 with subarachnoid hemorrhage of Hunt and Hess grade IV and V aneurysms. Patients received standard resuscitation treatment, nimodipine to prevent vasospasm, CSF shunt when necessary, and selective occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coil. They were subsequently followed up for at least 1 year. Aneurysm occlusion was monitored with MR angiography and/or angiography at 6 months and at 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) did well (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1 or 2) (62% of the 56 patients with grade IV and 25% of the 24 patients with grade V aneurysms), seven (8.75%) presented with poor neurologic status (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 3), and 30 (37.5%) died during the first 6 months (26.7% of the patients with grade IV and 62% of the patients with grade V aneurysms). One patient was lost to follow-up. The main causes of death were consequences of initial bleeding in the patients with grade V aneurysms and vasospasm in the patients with grade IV aneurysms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are at least as encouraging as the outcomes reported for the surgical series and suggest that early endovascular treatment of high grade hemorrhage is a feasible option, especially because endovascular maneuvers can be performed at any time, even during vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Intensive Care Unit of Neurosurgery, CHU Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bracard
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebedinsky
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anxionnat
authors.forename: Joao Melo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology