title: Size at birth and carotid atherosclerosis in later life.
abstract: Several studies have shown that low birthweight is associated with a higher risk of stroke and coronary heart disease in later life. Increased atherogenesis may be one underlying mechanism, but few studies have examined this directly. We used duplex ultrasonography to assess the extra-cranial carotid arteries of 389 elderly men and women born and still living in Sheffield, UK, whose recorded birth measurements were available. Men and women who had weighed 6.5 lbs or less at birth had a higher risk of having carotid stenosis >30% than those who weighed over 7.5 lbs, but this trend was not statistically significant (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.3). Women who had been lighter or who had a smaller head circumference at birth tended to have an increased intima-media thickness, but these relations ceased to be statistically significant after adjustment for gestational age and cardiovascular risk factors. In men, by contrast, an increased intima-media thickness was associated with having been heavier at birth (P=0.049) or having had a larger abdominal circumference at birth (P=0.040), after adjustment for gestational age and cardiovascular risk factors. These results provide little evidence that impaired fetal growth increases susceptibility to atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton), Southampton General Hospital, Hants, UK. crg@mrc.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Catharine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: Hazel E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ashurst
authors.forename: Nigel F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: MacCallum
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Martyn
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001724:Birth Weight; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology