title: Optimal set-up for ultrasound guided punctures using new scanner applications: an in-vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if US-visualisation of the needle tip echo during US-guided punctures could be improved by use of new technological applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  an US-guided 18 G Trocar needle was inserted into targets of a puncture phantom. The punctures were performed in series of 10 using different settings of the US-scanner (GE Logic 700 Expert). At 7-cm of puncture depth the quality of the echo was tested using four different settings; normal (N), N + automatic tissue optimising (ATO), coded harmonic imaging (CHI), CHI + ATO and at 13-cm of puncture depths six different settings; N, N + ATO, coded excitation (CE), CE+ATO, CHI, CHI+ATO. In total 100 (40 + 60) images were randomly numbered and read independently by three radiologists with regard to scoring of the quality of the echoes from the needle tip, needle shaft and the target.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US visualisation of the needle tip was significantly (P < 0.005) improved as compared to normal settings (N) when the settings of ATO and CE were used. CHI resulted in the lowest score. A high agreement between observers was registered. Similar results were registered with regard to scorings from the needle shaft and target.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only changes of needle designs and puncture techniques can enhance echoes from the needle but also changes in the settings of the US-scanner with the use of new technological applications can improve visualisation of the needle echo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kogevej 7-13, DK 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. rsska@ra.dk
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karstrup
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brøns
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morsel
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Juul
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von der Recke
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods