title: Distinct patterns of apoptosis in the lung during liquid ventilation compared with gas ventilation.
abstract: To determine whether liquid ventilation (LV) causes less cell injury and improves lung function compared with conventional gas ventilation (GV), we analyzed pulmonary physiological profiles, lung histology, and cell death in 110- and 120-day preterm lambs, which were randomized to receive either ventilation modality on FI(O(2)) = 1. LV lungs were well expanded with adequate pulmonary function, whereas GV animals exhibited marked atelectasis, poor pulmonary function, and increased mortality. Both ventilatory strategies induced marked lung cell apoptosis, but with distinct patterns of distribution. Although GV induced apoptosis of epithelium primarily in the lining and within the lumina of bronchioles, LV induced significant apoptosis much more homogeneously throughout lung parenchyma including alveoli and interstitial spaces. These studies suggest that although both forms of ventilation cause regional apoptosis, LV more effectively delivers oxygen and recruits the lung more homogeneously than GV.
authors.affiliation: CardioPulmonary Research Institute, Winthrop University Hospital, State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Mineola, New York 11501, USA. lmantell@winthrop.org
authors.forename: Lin L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Mantell
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Foust
authors.forename: Marla R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khullar
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zakeri
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kazzaz
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palaia
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000473:pathology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D021061:Liquid Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009707:Nucleosomes; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D010100:Oxygen