title: Nocturnal polyuria in type 2 diabetes: a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: Polyuria and nocturia in individuals with type 2 diabetes may be due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a recently recognized etiology of excess nighttime urine production. This exploratory study examined the relationships among glucose control, OSA, and nocturnal urine production.
  
  
  
  A sample of community-dwelling older adults (20 nondiabetic subjects and 10 poorly controlled type 2 diabetes subjects) was recruited based on self-report of nocturia more than twice per night. Participants were monitored on a metabolic research unit for 24 hours to track intake/output, collect blood and urine samples, and conduct an overnight polysomnography sleep study.
  
  
  
  None of the subjects had fasting serum glucose levels above the renal threshold. OSA was found in 65% of subjects. Those with moderate/severe OSA had significantly greater overnight urine production than subjects without OSA. Subjects with type 2 diabetes and moderate/severe OSA had the highest nocturnal urine production.
  
  
  
  The high incidence of undetected OSA in subjects with type 2 diabetes with nocturia suggests that nocturia, OSA, and type 2 diabetes frequently coexist and may be interrelated.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
authors.forename: Eileen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Chasens
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Umlauf
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pillion
authors.affiliation: Ms Wells is a doctoral student at the School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011141:Polyuria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose