title: S-100 protein as early predictor of regaining consciousness after out of hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) have a high mortality rate. Prognostic evaluation based on clinical observations is uncertain and would benefit from the use of biochemical markers of hypoxic brain damage. The purpose of the study was to validate the use of the serum astroglial protein S-100 levels at admission with regard to regaining consciousness after out of hospital CA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital CA were followed up until they regained consciousness or until their death or permanent vegetative state occurred. Serum samples for measurement of S-100, using an immunoradiometric assay, were obtained at admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At admission, the mean value+/-standard error of the mean of serum S-100 protein was significantly higher in patients who did not regain consciousness compared with patients who regained consciousness, respectively 4.66+/-0.61 microg/l and 0.84+/-0.21 microg/l. A serum S-100 value of >0.7 microg/l at admission was found to be a predictor that consciousness would not be regained, with a specificity of 85%, a sensitivity of 66.6%, a positive predictive value of 84%, a negative predictive value of 78% and an accuracy of 77.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum S-100 protein at admission gives reliable and independent information concerning the short term neurological outcome after resuscitation; and could be a good marker of brain cell damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine and Cerebral Resuscitation Research Group, Vrije Universiteit van Brussel, Laarbeeklaan, 101, Belgium. ndphiis@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hachimi-Idrissi
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van der Auwera
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiettecatte
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ebinger
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michotte
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huyghens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012151:Resuscitation; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins