title: Strabismus in children of birth weight less than 1701 g.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively study infants of birth weight less than 1701 g in the East Midlands of England in the mid 1980s at 10 to 12 years of age to determine the incidence and risk factors for strabismus in children born preterm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-birth-weight children (n = 572) who had been examined during the neonatal period were invited for a follow-up visit at age 10 to 12 years; 169 eleven-year-old schoolchildren born at full term were also recruited (the school cohort).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the original 572 children, 293 consented to further examination. There was no significant difference between children who were examined and those who were not in terms of birth weight, gestational age, retinopathy of prematurity, and cranial ultrasound abnormalities. Compared with the school cohort (n = 5 [3.0%]; 95% confidence interval, 1.0%-9.1%), the low-birth-weight cohort had a significant increase in the prevalence of strabismus (n = 59 [20.1%]; 95% confidence interval, 15.9%-25.0%; P<.001). Compared with published data, there was a relative increase in the occurrence of exotropia in the low-birth-weight study cohort. Multivariate analysis, by backward logistic regression, indicated that retinopathy of prematurity, birth weight, cerebral palsy, anisometropia, and refractive error were all independently associated with strabismus (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study confirm the increased prevalence of strabismus in a low-birth-weight population. This study also provides more detailed information on risk factors and strabismus types.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, England. anna.oc@prodigy.net
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Terence J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ratib
authors.forename: Alistair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fielder
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003867:Depth Perception; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005133:Eye Movements; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology*