title: Quantitative assessment of right ventricular volumes in severe chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension using transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography: changes due to pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of a three-dimensional reconstruction method to show the changes of right ventricular volume and systolic function when patients undergo pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the examination of 11 patients (four female, seven male; age 56+/-10 years) before and after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, end-diastolic and end-systolic right ventricular volumes were determined as a sum total of the calculated volumes of derived parallel slices of the right ventricle. Using a Tomtec workstation and a Vingmed CFM 800 echocardiography device, the acquired data were ECG-and respiration-triggered in the course of transthoracic examination, using step intervals of 5 degrees. The ventricular outline was traced manually on 5mm slices from longitudinal cut planes. For subsequent correction, their area measurements were displayed and the volume cross-checked against the volume from orthogonal cut planes. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes could be quantified in 11/11 cases before surgery, but data could only be attained for 9/11 patients after surgery, because a limited apical window rendered the postoperative three-dimensional reconstruction impossible in two cases. Before surgery, right ventricular size was larger than normal and systolic function was clearly impaired in all of the patients (end-diastolic volume: 121+/-37 ml; end-systolic volume 91+/-30 ml; ejection fraction 25+/-8%). The decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure after surgery was significant (47+/-8 vs 26+/-8 mmHg; P<0.05). End-diastolic and end-systolic right ventricular volumes had been reduced (80+/-33 ml and 54+/-31 ml respectively), and the ejection fraction had increased (36+/-9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successfully performed pulmonary thromboendarterectomy leads to a significant reduction of right ventricular chamber size and improvement of systolic function, which can be determined with great precision and quite easily, using transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Medical Clinic (Department of Cardiology), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany. menzel@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menzel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kramm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brückner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohr-Kahaly
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right