title: Intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for Stage IB (FIGO Grade 1, 2) endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of patients with Stage IB Grades 1 and 2 endometrial cancer treated with adjuvant high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1987 and October 1999, 233 patients with Stage IB FIGO Grades 1 and 2 were treated with postoperative adjuvant high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy. The median dose was 21 Gy in 7 Gy/fraction given at 2-week intervals. The mean age was 60 years. All patients underwent simple hysterectomy. Comprehensive surgical staging, defined as pelvic washing and pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes sampling, was done in 9% of patients. Patients with FIGO Grade 3, papillary serous cancer, or clear-cell cancer were excluded from this analysis. Complications were assessed in terms of late Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity (Grade > or =3) of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and vagina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 57 months, the 5-year vaginal/pelvic control, disease-free survival, and overall survival rate was 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94-99%), 94% (95% CI 91-98%), and 94% (95% CI 91-98%), respectively. The influence on outcome of age, grade (1 vs. 2), depth of invasion (one-third or less or greater than one-third), capillary space-like invasion, lower uterine segment involvement, and comprehensive surgical staging was evaluated. None of these factors significantly affected the rate of vaginal/pelvic control. Only age > or =60 years influenced the outcome for disease-free and overall survival. The 5-year rate for both disease-free and overall survival was 90% (95% CI 84-97%) for patients > or =60 years old compared with 99% (95% CI 96-100%) for those <60 years (p = 0.03 and 0.005, respectively). Of 233 patients, 3 (1%) developed Grade 3 or greater complications, with a 5-year actuarial rate of 2% (95% CI 0-5%). Two patients developed Grade 3 genitourinary toxicity, and 1 Grade 4 vaginal toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this retrospective study, adjuvant postoperative high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy provides excellent outcomes and acceptable morbidity. These results compare very favorably with those reported in the literature using surgery alone or with pelvic radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. alektiak@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Kaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alektiar
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Ennapadam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
authors.forename: Brady
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Micheal J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zelefsky
authors.forename: Boris R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mychalczak
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Barakat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate