title: Whole-blood concentrations of glutathione in cattle exposed to heat stress or a combination of heat stress and endophyte-infected tall fescue toxins in controlled environmental conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether cattle exposed to heat stress alone or heat stress while consuming endophyte-infected fescue (EIF) have lower whole-blood (WB) concentrations of glutathione (GSH).
  
  
  METHODS
  10 Simmental cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cows were sequentially exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 2 weeks; 18 C, 50% relative humidity [RH]), heat stress (HS; 2 weeks; alternating 4-hour intervals at 26 and 33 C; 50% RH), and heat stress while consuming EIF (10 microg of ergovaline/kg/d; 2 weeks, HS + EIF). Blood samples were collected after each period and tested for GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feed consumption was similar when data were analyzed for time points at which WB concentrations of GSH or GSSG were determined. However, significant effects of treatment, cow, days exposed to heat, cow-by-treatment interaction, and treatment-by-days exposed to heat interaction were detected when data were considered simultaneously. Mean +/- SD hematocrit for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 35.3+/-3, 33.3+/-2, and 37.1+/-3%, respectively. Mean WBGSH concentrations for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 3.2+/-0.65, 2.7+/-0.62, and 2.4+/-0.56 mmol/L of RBC, respectively. Reduced WBGSH concentrations were associated with reduced feed intake during the later part of each heat period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased GSH and increased GSSG concentrations were evident during heat stress, especially when cattle consumed EIF These were associated with reduced feed intake during heat stress. Heat stress, reductions in feed intake, and thermoregulatory effects of EIF may induce oxidative stress in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakritz
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Peggy A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Eichen
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rottinghaus
authors.forename: Gayle C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Spiers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004879:Ergotamines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D031751:Festuca / Q000382:microbiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004879:Ergotamines; C076760:ergovaline; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide