title: KIR2DL4 (CD158d), an NK cell-activating receptor with inhibitory potential.
abstract: KIR2DL4 (CD158d) is an unusual member of the killer cell Ig-like receptor family expressed in all NK cells and some T cells. KIR2DL4 activates the cytotoxicity of NK cells, despite the presence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic tail. The role of this ITIM on the activating function of KIR2DL4, and whether it can provide inhibitory signals, is not known. Mutated forms of KIR2DL4 were engineered that lacked either the tyrosine in the ITIM or an arginine-tyrosine motif in the transmembrane region that is required for the activation signal. The activity of the mutated KIR2DL4 molecules was tested in a redirected lysis assay. The ITIM was not necessary for activation of lysis by KIR2DL4. The activation signal of KIR2DL4 was sensitive to inhibition by another ITIM-containing receptor. The activation-deficient mutant of KIR2DL4 inhibited the signal delivered by the activating receptor CD16. In pull-down experiments with GST fusion proteins, the tyrosine-phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail of KIR2DL4 bound the Src homology 2-containing phosphatases 1 and 2, as did the tail of the inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1. Therefore, KIR2DL4 has inhibitory potential in addition to its activating function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000235:genetics; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C515079:KIR2DL4 protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C509249:PTPN6 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases