title: Neither axotomy nor target-tissue inflammation changes the NOS- or VIP-synthesis rate in distal bowel-projecting neurons of the porcine inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG).
abstract: The present study was aimed at disclosing axotomy- and inflammation-induced changes in the chemical coding of retrogradely labelled distal bowel-projecting neurons in the porcine IMG. Particular attention was paid to the changes in the expression pattern of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase (as a marker of nitric oxide) in affected cells, as these substances are thought to play a crucial role in the regeneration of injured sympathetic neurons. However, while both pathological processes failed to induce an increase in the number of sympathetic bowel-projecting neurons exhibiting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or nitric oxide synthase, axotomy, but not target-tissue inflammation, led to the upregulation in the expression pattern of galanin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide and/or Leu5-enkephalin in the affected perikarya. On the other hand, axotomy resulted in a diminished density of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive intraganglionic nerve fibres, whilst target-tissue inflammation evoked a distinct increase in the number of visible vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive terminals, especially in those regions where bowel-projecting neurons were located. Thus, the data obtained in the present study run counter to the results of the injury-related responses observed in neurons of the sympathetic chain ganglia, suggesting the existence of either species- or target tissue-dependent differences in the injury-induced responses of the affected sympathetic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. mariuszm@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bossowska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonkowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojtkiewicz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brouns
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Scheuermann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adriaensen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Timmermans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D007395:Interneurons / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation*; D007700:Kinetics; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D013552:Swine; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I