title: Solid lipid nanoparticles as carrier for sunscreens: in vitro release and in vivo skin penetration.
abstract: The aim of this study was the comparison of two different formulations (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and conventional o/w emulsion) as carrier systems for the molecular sunscreen oxybenzone. The influence of the carrier on the rate of release was studied in vitro with a membrane-free model. The release rate could be decreased by up to 50% with the SLN formulation. Further in vitro measurements with static Franz diffusion cells were performed. In vivo, penetration of oxybenzone into stratum corneum on the forearm was investigated by the tape stripping method. It was shown that the rate of release is strongly dependent upon the formulation and could be decreased by 30-60% in SLN formulations. In all test models, oxybenzone was released and penetrated into human skin more quickly and to a greater extent from the emulsions. The rate of release also depends upon the total concentration of oxybenzone in the formulation. In vitro-in vivo correlations could be made qualitatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Biotechnology, The Free University of Berlin, Kelchstrasse 31, D-12169 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wissing
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C005290:oxybenzone