title: Cell pathology in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to review findings of morphometric postmortem studies conducted on tissues from subjects with bipolar disorder (BPD) to demonstrate that impairments of cell morphology and resilience may underlie the neurobiology of BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reports of alterations in number, density and size of neurons and glial cells in BPD are reviewed. Owing to the low number of postmortem studies on cellular pathology in BPD, abstracts of recent symposia are also discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In BPD. significant reductions in the volume of several brain regions, as well as region- and layer-specific reductions in the number, density and/or size of neurons and glial cells have been demonstrated. Moreover, the results of recent clinical and preclinical studies investigating the molecular and cellular targets of mood stabilizing and antidepressant medications provide intriguing possibilities that impairments in neuroplasticity and cellular resilience may underlie the neurobiology of BPD. Future studies will likely examine the role of both genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis and cellular changes in BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA. grajkowska@psychiatry.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajkowska
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000473:pathology