Dose determination and confirmation for ceftiofur crystalline-free acid administered in the posterior aspect of the ear for control and treatment of bovine respiratory disease.
Three studies were conducted to determine and confirm the effective dosage rate of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid sterile suspension (CCFA-SS, 200 mg ceftiofur equivalents [CE]/ml), a long-acting ceftiofur formulation, for control and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). In each study, CCFA-SS was administered once by subcutaneous (SC) injection in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear. Study 1 was conducted using an intratracheal challenge with Mannheimia (formerly Pasteurella) haemolytica and dosages ranging from 0 to 8.8 mg CE/kg to select a dosage for further field testing. In Study 2, a single dose of CCFA-SS at 0.0, 4.4, or 6.6 mg CE/kg was administered when uniform clinical signs of BRD were present in feedlot cattle. Study 3 was conducted in several feedlots to evaluate the efficacy, practicality, and safety of CCFA-SS at 4.4 or 6.6 mg CE/kg compared with a placebo control or tilmicosin for preemptive control of BRD. In Study 1, the effective dose was determined to be 5.35 mg CE/kg; therefore, 4.4 and 6.6 mg CE/kg were selected as the dosages for further field testing. Administration of CCFA-SS at 4.4 or 6.6 mg CE/kg improved treatment success compared with negative controls (P < or =.05 for both doses) in Study 2. In Study 3, a single administration of 4.4 or 6.6 mg CE/kg was comparable to tilmicosin (P <.001) and was significantly better than placebo (P <.001) for the control of BRD. Using the ear as an administration site was acceptable under field conditions and was well tolerated by all animals. These studies demonstrated that a single administration of CCFA-SS by SC injection in the middle third of the posterior aspect of the ear at 4.4 or 6.6 mg CE/kg is effective, safe, and practical for preemptive control and treatment of the bacterial component of BRD in feedlot cattle. Administration in an inedible tissue results in a short withdrawal time and no injection-site trimming at slaughter.
Hibbard
Beth
B
Pharmacia Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
Robb
Edward J
EJ
Chester
S Theodore
ST
Dame
Kenneth J
KJ
Moseley
W William
WW
Bryson
W Lawrence
WL
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002417:Cattle; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004431:Ear, External; D006190:Haemophilus; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D018942:Macrolides; D016978:Mannheimia haemolytica; D016979:Pasteurella multocida; D012766:Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013535:Suspensions; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015645:Tylosin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D018942:Macrolides; D013535:Suspensions; C053503:ceftiofur; C052319:tilmicosin; D015645:Tylosin