title: Graphic analysis of the relationship between skin colour change and variations in the amounts of melanin and haemoglobin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The L*a*b* coordinate is the most commonly used colour system to measure skin colour in dermatology and cosmetology. In this system, a* and L* are often used for quantification of the degrees of erythema and pigmentation. The aim of this study was to examine whether a* and L* can be used as specific scales to indicate the amount of haemoglobin and melanin, respectively, in the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The a* and L* values were examined with a reflectance spectrometer in various skin conditions or lesions caused by a change in the amount of either melanin or haemoglobin, i.e. vitiligo, ultraviolet-induced pigmentation (PG), erythema resulting from slapping (ER), corticosteroid-induced blanching, erythema due to stasis by arm lowering, and a combination of PG and ER. The differences in values between the test sites and the adjacent normal skin, deltaa* and deltaL*, were plotted on the deltaa*-deltaL* plane and analysed statistically and geometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L* depended substantially not only on melanin but also on haemoglobin, especially if the oxygen saturation level was expected to be low. a* was also influenced by melanin. The results of graphic analysis indicated that a linear transformation of (deltaa*, deltaL*) into (deltaHb = 1.68 deltaa* + 0.60 deltaL*, deltaMel =-1.06 deltaa*-1.44 deltaL*) was suitable for separately estimating the change in the amount of haemoglobin (deltaHb) and in that of melanin (deltaMel).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study may be of value for understanding the relationship between colour coordinates of the skin and the quantities of haemoglobin and melanin, and may be of use when pigmented lesions of the face are monitored by tristimulus colourimetry, as facial skin colour is affected considerably by the rich and easily variable cutaneous blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. takiwaki@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takiwaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004890:Erythema / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008543:Melanins