title: Acute rise of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor-A in patients with coronary artery disease following cardiothoracic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an angiogenic and vasoprotective molecule whose expression is modulated by hypoxia and inflammatory mediators. Here we have tested the hypothesis that plasma levels of VEGF-A are influenced by pre-existing coronary artery disease and by changes in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma VEGF-A and IL-6 were measured prior to and at various time intervals following surgery in individuals with angiographically normal coronary arteries requiring cardiac valve replacement (N group) and in patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CAD group). Baseline VEGF-A levels were not significantly different in CAD (22.3+/-2.6 pg x ml(-1)) compared to the N group (14.9+/-2.9 pg x ml(-1)). Following cardiac surgery there was a significant rise of VEGF-A in CAD (P<0.0005 vs baseline), but not in the N group, reaching a maximum (approximately 2 fold increase) after 24 h. Surgery caused a rapid increase of plasma IL-6 in both groups, but the rise was significantly larger in CAD patients (P<0.0005 vs N) where it preceded the increase in VEGF-A. Furthermore, in patients with CAD there was a significant correlation between the change in VEGF-A and the change in IL-6 (P<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that in patients with coronary artery disease cardiothoracic surgery leads to an acute rise in VEGF-A. We suggest that this rise may result from an interaction between the pre-existing atheromatous process and a systemic increase of inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King's College, GKT School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Erusalimsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D011184:Postoperative Period; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019007:P-Selectin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A