title: High dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy versus oral prednisone for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of intravenous (i.v.) methylprednisolone pulse therapy and oral prednisone when used as the initial treatment of patients with mild or moderate thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three consecutive patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in Helsinki and Turku University Hospitals were randomly assigned either i.v. methylprednisolone pulse therapy (group A, n = 18) or oral prednisone (group B, n = 15). Treatment outcomes were measured by subjective changes in the grade of diplopia and quantitatively in several ophthalmic variables at 3 and 12 months. Any decision to proceed with additional treatment at 3 months was made on clinical grounds. The study was open in respect of both the initial treatment and the need for additional therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the grade of diplopia, proptosis or soft tissue activity scores were noted between groups A and B from 0 to 3 months. However, group A required additional forms of therapy at 3 months less frequently than did group B (p = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that i.v. methylprednisolone pulse therapy and oral prednisone are equally effective as initial treatments for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy where diplopia, proptosis and signs of soft tissue inflammation are concerned. When additional treatment is required, i.v. methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be more effective than oral prednisone. However, the study's limitations meant that any decision to give additional treatment after the initial therapy was made on clinical grounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kauppinen-Mäkelin
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karma
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: Eliisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Löyttyniemi
authors.forename: Oili
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sane
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setälä
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heufelder
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Välimäki
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004172:Diplopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone; D008775:Methylprednisolone