title: The prepuce free flap in 10 patients: modifications in flap design and surgical technique.
abstract: The prepuce free flap was used in 10 oral and oropharyngeal reconstructions. During the course of this study, various modifications took place. Residual penile skin necrosis and skin island necrosis early in the series led to modification of flap design. This solved the donor-site problem by placing the skin island more proximally, to consist of the outer layer of the prepuce and an equidimensional area of penile skin proximal to the prepuce. Identification of the vascular pedicle was greatly facilitated by changing to retrograde dissection, making skin incision in the mons veneris superfluous. Incongruence between donor and recipient artery, together with microsurgical arrogance, resulted in (resolvable) inflow problems in four patients. One flap was lost. After modification, marginal necrosis still occurred in one flap, most likely because of an episode of venous congestion. Although much care was taken to not harvest more skin than in a regular circumcision, penile skin shortage, especially during erection, appeared to be the major long-term shortcoming of this flap. Flap thinness and pliability, both expected strongholds of the flap, were evident during flap inset, but less apparent during follow-up because of postoperative radiotherapy in the majority of the cases. The best indications for this flap include defects in the tonsillar area extending into the soft palate, tongue, lateral oropharynx, retromolar trigonum, gums, and vallecula.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Isala Klinieken, Locatie Sophia, 8000 GK Zwolle, The Netherlands. pwerker@worldonline.nl
authors.forename: Paul M N
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Werker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*