title: Acute transient encephalopathy after paclitaxel infusion: report of three cases.
abstract: Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a diterpene plant product and antineoplastic agent that promotes the assembly of microtubules as well as stabilizing their formation by preventing depolymerization. Myelosuppression was found to be dose-limiting, but peripheral neurotoxicity is also a well known side-effect. Central nervous system toxicity is rare, probably because paclitaxel does not cross the blood-brain barrier. We observed three patients who presented with acute encephalopathy within 6 h after infusion of paclitaxel at normal doses. All patients had received prior whole brain irradiation (WBI) and one patient had prior brain metastasectomy. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of cerebral metastases. An effect from other organ toxicities was excluded in all patients. All recovered spontaneously within 4-6 h. From this we can conclude that paclitaxel can cause severe acute transient encephalopathy, which may occur more frequently after prior WBI and/or surgery due to alteration of small vessel function.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany. ziske@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ziske
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schöttker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorschlüter
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleinschmidt
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sauerbruch
authors.forename: I G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D017239:Paclitaxel