title: Activation of B lymphocytes by GLIS, a bioactive proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: A bioactive fraction (GLIS) was isolated from the fruiting body of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum using successive chromatographic steps. GLIS is a proteoglycan and has a carbohydrate: protein ratio of 11.5 : 1. The carbohydrate portion is composed of seven different monosaccharides, predominantly D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose in the molar ratio of 3.0 : 1 : 1.GLIS stimulated the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes, resulting in a three to four-fold increase in the percentage of B cells. GLIS also activated mouse spleen lymphocytes, and most of the activated cells were B cells. The B cells were enlarged, expressed CD71 and CD25 on the cell surface, and showed an increase in the secretion of immunoglobulin. Lymphocytes also showed a slightly increased production of IL-2, whereas the secretion of IL-4 was not influenced by GLIS. Furthermore, GLIS did not influence the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of lymphocytes, but it enhanced the expression of protein kinase C alpha and protein kinase C gamma in B cells. According to our results GLIS is a new B cell-stimulating factor.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 -Dahlem, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jingsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qingjiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmerman-Kordmann
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reutter
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; C465125:GLIS protein, Ganoderma lucidum; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D015847:Interleukin-4; D002118:Calcium