title: Lysineurethanedimethacrylate--a novel generation of amino acid based monomers for bone cements and tissue repair.
abstract: A novel amino acid based dimethacrylate monomer (lysineurethanedimethacrylate, LUDM) was prepared by the addition of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) to lysinediisocyanate (LDI). The structure was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as FAB-MS. Photopolymerized LUDM exhibited low volume shrinkage upon polymerization, good mechanical properties (Young's modulus: 3740 MPa) and high thermal stability. Osteoblast adhesion and growth on polymerized LUDM samples evidenced the biocompatibility. Further improvement of the mechanical properties was obtained by using Ca-hydroxyapatite as inorganic filler varying between 10 and 30 wt%. The Young's and flexural moduli increased with increasing filler content ranging from 3740 to 5250 MPa and from 2020 to 3690 MPa, respectively. The mechanical properties and the good biocompatibility of the lysine-based methacrylate networks make them interesting materials for medical applications, e.g. bone cements, and tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müh
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kneser
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mülhaupt
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stark
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008422:Materials Testing; D019563:Mechanics; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D008239:Lysine