title: Heme oxygenase-1 gene therapy for prevention of vasospasm in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemoglobin causes contraction of cerebral arteries and is also believed to cause vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal in this study was to determine if overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the principal enzyme involved in the metabolism of hemoglobin, would reduce contractions of cerebral arteries brought on by hemoglobin and decrease vasospasm after experimental SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injection of adenovirus expressing HO-1 (Ad5HO-1) into the cisterna magna of rats produced a significant increase in expression of HO-1 messenger RNA, and protein and HO-1 activity in the basilar artery ([BA]; p < 0.05 for each measure compared with vehicle and/or control virus, according to analysis of variance or unpaired t-test). Injection of adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad-betaGal) produced only mild, statistically nonsignificant increases. The HO-I immunoreactivity was localized to the BA adventitia after injection of Ad5HO-1 or Ad-betaGal. Injection of Ad5HO-1 and Ad-betaGal increased the baseline diameter of the BA (measured directly via a transclival window) and brainstem cerebral blood flow (CBF), measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, compared with vehicle. Contraction of the BA after addition of hemoglobin was significantly inhibited, reduction in brainstem CBF was significantly prevented, and carboxyhemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in rats injected with Ad5HO-1 compared with Ad-betaGal and vehicle. Vasospasm was significantly ameliorated in rats in which Ad5HO-1 was injected into the cisterna magna at the time of SAH in a double-hemorrhage model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that overexpression of HO-1 inhibits arterial contractions induced by hemoglobin and can reduce vasospasm after experimental SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: R Loch
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1