title: Effect of muscle tensing on cerebral oxygen status during sustained high +Gz.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Successful monitoring of oxyhemoglobin during +Gz exposure was recently achieved using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). To assess the effects of muscle tensing on sustained +Gz tolerance, we measured muscle activity and cerebral oxygen status (COS) during anti-G straining maneuvers at sustained high +Gz.
  
  
  METHODS
  We exposed 21 male pilots wearing CSU-13/P anti-G suit to two different centrifuge profiles: 1) short-term repeated exposure (5 to 20 s) at 4, 5, 6, 5.5, or 7 Gz; 2) sustained exposure to a + 7Gz plateau for 30 s. During the Gz exposures, surface electromyographic (EMG) measurements were taken from the vastus medialis (VM) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. At the same time, the COS was recorded from the left forehead area using a commercial NIRS system. Mean muscular tensing for each muscle was calculated as a percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (% MVC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and total hemoglobin (sum of O2Hb and deoxyhemoglobin) were decreased during both short-term and sustained +Gz exposure. RA muscle tensing was positively correlated with changes in the concentration of O2Hb during sustained + 7Gz exposure (r = 0.540, p < 0.05). RA tensing ranged from 6.2 to 36.8%MVC, and O2Hb ranged from -41.3 to -7.28 micromol x L(-1) during the exposures. No significant correlation was observed between VM tensing and O2Hb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIRS measurements confirmed that a muscle straining maneuver increases G tolerance. Higher RA muscle tensing helps preserve brain blood volume during sustained high +Gz.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacochemistry Section, Aeromedical Laboratory, Japan Air Self Defense Force, Tokyo. nf5a-kbys@jcom.home.ne.jp
authors.forename: Asao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Azusa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikukawa
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onozawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001810:Blood Volume; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004576:Electromyography; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D012119:Respiration; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen