title: Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy: five hundred consecutive cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications after Harmonic Scalpels hemorrhoidectomy and to identify any predisposing factors leading to postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred consecutive cases of Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy were studied in a prospective manner. Postoperative complications were recorded, and any predisposing factors were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred fifty-five patients (71 percent) underwent Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy alone. One hundred twenty patients (24 percent) underwent additional fissurectomy/sphincterotomy for fissure-in-ano, and 25 patients (5 percent) underwent additional fistulotomy. A total of 24 (4.8 percent) patients experienced some form of postoperative complication. Three patients (0.6 percent) experienced a secondary postoperative hemorrhage requiring reexploration under anesthesia. Two of the three patients were taking postoperative oral Toradol, and both had undergone an "open" hemorrhoidectomy technique. The third patient required suture ligation of multiple bleeding sites on two separate occasions at 7 and 14 days postoperatively. The patient was subsequently diagnosed as having Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. One patient experienced postoperative incontinence to flatus and stool. The patient had large, Grade TV postpartum hemorrhoids and had undergone a three-quadrant closed hemorrhoidectomy. The sphincter mechanism was intact on postoperative ultrasound, and an underlying pudendal neuropathy likely contributed to the sphincter dysfunction. Postoperative urinary retention was noted in 10 (2 percent) patients, postoperative fissure in 5 (1 percent), and abscess/fistula in 4 (0.8 percent). One patient (0.2 percent) required readmission for colonic pseudo-obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy is a safe surgical modality, and postoperative complication rates compare favorably with previously published studies. The combination of an "open" hemorrhoidectomy technique and prolonged oral Toradol administration may result in a higher incidence of postoperative hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Colon & Rectal Surgical Clinic, Atlanta 30342, USA.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frankum
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schertzer
authors.forename: Wayne L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ambroze
authors.forename: Guy R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Orangio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*