title: [Inhibitory effect of all-trans-retinoid and polyphenon-100 on microsatellite instability in a colon cancer line].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA) and polyphenon-100 (PP) on genetic instability of human tumor cells via their role in alteration of microsatellite sequence(MS) and the expression of mismatch repair gene hMLH(1) and hMSH(2) in RER(+) (replication error) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  RER(+) colon cancer cell line was used as a host for lipofection with pCMV-CAR in which a foreign (CA)(14) repeat was inserted in the coding sequence of LacZ reporter gene, resulting in misreading LacZ frame. Any mutation which made the base number of (CA)(14) tract to be 3-fold resumed normal reading frame of LacZ, and thus led to expression of beta-galactosidase. Variable expression of LacZ in the transfectant cells resulting from RATA or PP treatment was measured by OD reading at lambda 620 after X-gal staining. Expression of mismatch repair genes of hMLH(1) and hMSH(2) was examined at mRNA level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATRA at 1 mu mol/L, 0.1 u mol/L and PP at 3 mu g/ml had no significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. After being treated with ATRA or PP for 1 week, the blue cells of RKO transfectant clones were significantly reduced, and this meant the mutation of exogenous (CA)(14) in RKO cells were inhibited. But no expression of hMLH(1) and hMSH(2) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above data showed both ATRA and PP had inhibitory effects on MS instability of cancer and thus demonstrated directly their beneficial role in stabilization of genomic DNA. However, the present authors have not observed any expression of hMLH(1) and hMSH(2) in RKO cells treated with ATRA or PP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Toxicology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029 P. R. China. yejian89@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hanxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chenya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D002392:Catechin; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein