title: Evaluation of intestinal intramucosal pH, arterial and portal venous blood gas values, and intestinal blood flow during small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion affects intestinal intramucosal pH (pHi), arterial and portal venous blood gas values, and intestinal blood flow (IBF) and to investigate relationships between regional intestinal tissue oxygenation and systemic variables in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 healthy adult Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 0, 30, or 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 180 minutes, was performed; IBF, pHi, arterial and portal venous blood gas values, arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured at various time points; and intestinal mucosal injury was histologically graded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occlusion of the SMA induced significant decreases in pHi and IBF. After the release of the occlusion, IBF returned rapidly to baseline values, but improvement in pHi was slow. Arterial and portal venous blood gas analyses were less sensitive than tonometric measurements of pHi, and there was no correlation between results of blood gas analyses and tonometric measurements. Histologic score for intestinal mucosal injury increased significantly, depending on duration of ischemia, and there was a correlation between tonometric results and the histologic score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that it is difficult to accurately evaluate local oxygenation disorders by monitoring at the systemic level, whereas clinically pHi is the only reliable indicator of inadequate regional intestinal tissue oxygenation in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nezu
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaue
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Fumiyo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Kimimasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006651:Histocytochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000503:physiopathology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*