title: Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect with a new self-expanding nitinol double disk device (Amplatzer device): experience in Nanjing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various devices have been developed for the transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) to avoid the morbidity, discomfort, and thoracotomy scar associated with surgical closure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer septal occluder for transcatheter closure of ASD II.
  
  
  METHODS
  Only patients who were clinically diagnosed with ASD II were selected. The anatomy of ASD had to meet certain echocardiographic criteria. Under the guidance of echocardiography and fluoroscopy, the implantation of the device was accomplished as recommended by the manufacturer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients (median age 18.4 years) with an ASD II underwent transcatheter closure. Procedure time ranged from 30-200 minutes and fluoroscopy time from 10-50 minutes. The diameter of the ASD measured by echocardiography ranged from 13-25 mm, while both the stretched diameters of the ASDs and the sizes of the devices ranged from 18-34 mm. The successful placement rate was 100%. The residual shunt rate was 100% immediately after device implantation and 10% after 24 hours. After 3 months, 3.3% of the patients had a (trivial) residual shunt. The device did not affect the surrounding structures of ASD. No embolization of the device occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Amplatzer device designed for the closure of ASD II can be implanted easily and also is retrievable. Due to a low ratio of residual shunt and few complications, this device is a good choice for transcatheter closure of ASD II. Long-term follow-up will be required for widespread clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300#, 210029, Nanjing, P.R. China. xqkong@public1.ptt.js.cn
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants