title: Effects of tamoxifen on human squamous cell carcinoma lines of the head and neck.
abstract: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a well-tolerated compound in the treatment of breast cancer and is primarily considered to act by competition with estrogen receptors (ER). Here we investigated the in vitro efficacy and potentially underlying mechanisms of TAM in established cell lines of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Using proliferation and apoptosis assays the antitumor activity of TAM in five SCCHN and the breast carcinoma line MCF-7 (positive control) was determined. MCF-7 was more sensitive to low-dose TAM (below 1 microM), whereas SCCHN showed significant growth inhibition at higher TAM concentrations (5-10 microM). Growth curve analysis and apoptosis assays were indicative for a cytostatic effect of low-dose TAM and high-dose TAM led to cell loss by apoptosis in sensitive SCCHN. In order to further characterize the observed antitumor effects we determined the amount of steroid hormone receptors with the dextran-coated charcoal method and immunocytochemistry. In addition, production of transforming growth factor (TGF-)-alpha, -beta1 and -beta2 was measured by ELISA, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity was assessed with a radioligand assay. Except MCF-7, none of the SCCHN lines was positive for ER. TAM caused decreased TGF-alpha and increased TGF-beta levels in MCF-7, but not in SCCHN supernatants. Furthermore, the antiestrogen reduced PKC activity in MCF-7, but not in SCCHN. In the present in vitro system, the observed antitumor activity of high-dose TAM in SCCHN cannot be explained by estrogen antagonism, alterations of TGF-alpha/beta levels or decreased PKC activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bojar
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Lierop
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balz
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Friebe-Hoffmann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bier
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D013629:Tamoxifen; D011493:Protein Kinase C