Relationship of body composition to body-fatness estimation in Japanese university students.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between self-estimated whole body size and fatness and whole body and regional composition, and the relationship between self-estimated whole body fatness and self-estimated regional fatness in Japanese university students.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study using Japanese university students (110 men and 79 women). The percentage of body fat, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by underwater weighing and used as body composition variables. Subcutaneous fat thicknesses were determined at seven sites by ultrasonography to estimate regional body composition, and six circumferences and four breadths to estimate regional size. Relative body size and fatness were self-estimated using a questionnaire.


RESULTS
Only women tended to estimate themselves as being fatter than they actually were. Self-estimated body fatness moderately correlated with the percentage of body fat (men, r = 0.41; women, r = 0.40) FM (men, r = 0.50; women, r = 0.51), and body mass index (r = 0.56 for men and 0.56 for women). After adjusting for the percentages of body fat and FM, self-estimated fatness correlated with body mass index (r = 0.31 for men and r = 0.37 for women). Among self-estimated regional fatness, self-estimated abdominal fatness had the strongest correlation with self-estimated whole body fatness in both genders.


CONCLUSIONS
The low correlation between estimated and actual body fatness in both genders indicates that Japanese university students, especially women, inaccurately estimate their percentage of body fat. In fact, both men and women primarily estimate their whole body fatness by body weight relative to height.
Tanaka
Shigeho
S
Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. tanakas@nih.go.jp
Itoh
Yukako
Y
Hattori
Komei
K
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013334:Students; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014495:Universities