title: Validation of a new method for estimating resting energy expenditure of non-ambulatory tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the bias and precision of the Arlington Developmental Center (ADC) equations derived from our previous study and the Harris-Benedict equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in non-ambulatory, tube-fed patients with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen non-ambulatory patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities referred to the nutrition consult service for evaluation of enteral tube feeding via a permanent ostomy who had a steady-state resting energy expenditure measurement performed by indirect calorimetry were included in the study. The predicted energy expenditure values were compared with the measured resting energy expenditure values and evaluated for bias and precision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both ADC equations were more precise (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9-22% and 10-18% error, respectively) for the total population than the Harris-Benedict equations (95% CI: 17-40% error). The ADC-2 equation was precise (95% CI: 7-15% error) and unbiased (95% CI: -5 to 139 kcal/d) in contrast to the Harris-Benedict equations (95% CI: 23-54% error; bias, +230 to 365 kcal/d) for patients with cerebral palsy and fixed upper extremity contractures. The Harris-Benedict equations were precise and unbiased (95% CI: 3-14% error; bias, -182 to 39 kcal/d) for patients with cerebral palsy with preservation of upper body movement, whereas the ADC equations were biased toward underprediction and associated with greater error (95% CI: -367 to -73 kcal/d and 7-26% error; 95% CI: -379 to -109 kcal/d and 9-27% error, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADC-2 equation was unbiased and more precise in non-ambulatory adult patients with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities and fixed upper extremity contractures, whereas the Harris-Benedict equations were more precise and unbiased for those with preservation of limited functional and non-functional upper extremity movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Heath Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. rdickerson@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Roland N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Rex O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity