title: Highly antibacterial active aminoacyl penicillin conjugates with acylated bis-catecholate siderophores based on secondary diamino acids and related compounds.
abstract: New acylated bis-catecholates and 1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-dione derivatives based on secondary diamino acids (N-(aminoalkyl)glycines, N-aminopropyl-alanine, and N-aminopropyl-4-aminovaleric acid), on N-(aminoalkyl)aminomethyl benzoic acids, on N-(aminoalkyl)aminomethyl phenoxyacetic acids, or on 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid were synthesized as artificial siderophores. The corresponding diamino acids were obtained from the diamines and oxocarboxylic acids by catalytic hydrogenation. The acylated bis-catecholates and 1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-diones were coupled with ampicillin or amoxicillin to new siderophore aminoacylpenicillin conjugates. These conjugates exhibited very strong antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens. The ampicillin derivative 7b (HKI 9924154) and the corresponding amoxicillin derivative 8 (HKI 9924155) represent the most active compounds. The conjugates can use bacterial iron siderophore uptake routes to penetrate the Gram-negative outer membrane permeability barrier. This was demonstrated by assays with mutants deficient in components of the iron transport systems. New siderophore penicillin V conjugates with the siderophore component attached to the phenyl ring of penicillin V are inactive against these Gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Hans Knöll-Institute for Natural Products Research, Jena, Germany. Heinisch@pmail.hki-jena.de
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heinisch
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoiber
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Dorothe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ankel-Fuchs
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Möllmann
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000737:chemistry; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002396:Catechols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010078:Oxazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002396:Catechols; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin; D000658:Amoxicillin