title: Aortic clamping during elective operations for infrarenal disease: The influence of clamping time on renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aortic clamping proximal to the renal arteries is sometimes necessitated during infrarenal and juxtarenal aortic surgery and may be associated with an increased risk of renal ischemia and its consequences. The aim of the study was to estimate this risk and possibly identify a "safe" duration of renal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 60 consecutive patients (from 1987 to 1994) with abdominal aortic aneurysm (n = 43) and occlusive disease (n = 17) confined to the infrarenal or juxtarenal aorta who underwent infrarenal aortic reconstruction with temporary suprarenal clamping. The data obtained included risk factors, preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value, proteinuria before surgery, and suprarenal clamping times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 64.4 years (+/- 11.4 years), and 74% were men. Concomitant cardiac disease was present in 41% of the patients, and 9% had diabetes. The preoperative creatinine level was 1.21 mg/dL (+/- 0.54 mg/dL), and the BUN value was 16.6 mg/dL (+/- 7.8 mg/dL). During surgery, blood flow to the renal arteries was interrupted for 32.0 minutes (+/- 17 minutes). None of the surviving patients needed dialysis or had signs of acute renal failure after the operations, but transient azotemia (rise in creatinine level) occurred in 23% of the patients. Risk factors for this condition were high preoperative creatinine values and hypotension during surgery, but the main determinant was total renal ischemia time. Odds ratios for such transient renal dysfunction showed as much as a 10-fold risk when suprarenal aortic clamping was greater than 50 minutes as compared with 30 minutes or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative renal function impairment is rare in this group of patients. If suprarenal clamp duration (renal ischemia time) is brief, patients with normal preoperative creatinine levels exhibit no increase or a marginal increase in BUN or creatinine levels after surgery. Accordingly, suprarenal aortic clamping less than 50 minutes in this patient group appears safe and well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA. Eric.Wahlberg@kirurgi.ki.se
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wahlberg
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dimuzio
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stoney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine