title: Polyamines modulate the interaction between nuclear receptors and vitamin D receptor-interacting protein 205.
abstract: Nuclear receptors (NR) activate transcription by interacting with several different coactivator complexes, primarily via LXXLL motifs (NR boxes) of the coactivator that bind a common region in the ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors (activation function-2, AF-2) in a ligand-dependent fashion. However, how nuclear receptors distinguish between different sets of coactivators remains a mystery, as does the mechanism by which orphan receptors such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) activate transcription. In this study, we show that HNF4alpha interacts with a complex containing vitamin D receptor (VDR)-interacting proteins (DRIPs) in the absence of exogenously added ligand. However, whereas a full-length DRIP205 construct enhanced the activation by HNF4alpha in vivo, it did not interact well with the HNF4alpha ligand binding domain in vitro. In investigating this discrepancy, we found that the polyamine spermine significantly enhanced the interaction between HNF4alpha and full-length DRIP205 in an AF-2, NR-box-dependent manner. Spermine also enhanced the interaction of DRIP205 with the VDR even in the presence of its ligand, but decreased the interaction of both HNF4alpha and VDR with the p160 coactivator glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GR1P1). We also found that GR1P1 and DRIP205 synergistically activated HNF4alpha-mediated transcription and that a specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), decreased the ability of HNF4alpha to activate transcription in vivo. These results lead us to propose a model in which polyamines may facilitate the switch between different coactivator complexes binding to NRs.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rachez
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hawel
authors.forename: Craig V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Byus
authors.forename: Leonard P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sladek
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496592:HNF4A protein, human; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C496594:Hnf4a protein, rat; C538855:MED1 protein, human; C403128:MLX protein, human; C538857:Med1 protein, rat; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; C498001:NCOA2 protein, human; C498003:Ncoa2 protein, rat; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011073:Polyamines; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013096:Spermine; D000518:Eflornithine