title: Avian and Mammalian hepadnaviruses have distinct transcription factor requirements for viral replication.
abstract: Hepadnavirus replication occurs in hepatocytes in vivo and in hepatoma cell lines in cell culture. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication can occur in nonhepatoma cells when pregenomic RNA synthesis from viral DNA is activated by the expression of the nuclear hormone receptors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) and the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) plus peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) heterodimer. Nuclear hormone receptor-dependent HBV replication is inhibited by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3). In contrast, HNF3 and HNF4 support duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication in nonhepatoma cells, whereas the RXR alpha-PPAR alpha heterodimer inhibits HNF4-dependent DHBV replication. HNF3 and HNF4 synergistically activate DHBV pregenomic RNA synthesis and viral replication. The conditions that support HBV or DHBV replication in nonhepatoma cells are not able to support woodchuck hepatitis virus replication. These observations indicate that avian and mammalian hepadnaviruses have distinct transcription factor requirements for viral replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McLachlan
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D017917:Avihepadnavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015611:Hepatitis B Virus, Duck / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D017918:Orthohepadnavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; C403128:MLX protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; C501970:Tcfl4 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors