title: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: increased tumor destruction with adjuvant liposomal doxorubicin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of liposomal doxorubicin before radiofrequency ablation increases coagulation more than radiofrequency alone in focal hepatic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen focal hepatic tumors (diameter: mean +/- SD, 4.0+/-1.8 cm) in 10 patients (colorectal cancer, n = 3 patients; hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 4; neuroendocrine tumor, n = 2; breast cancer, n = 1) were treated with internally cooled radiofrequency ablation. In addition to undergoing radiofrequency, five patients (n = 7 lesions) were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of IV doxorubicin in a long-circulating stealth liposome carrier (Doxil) 24 hr before ablation. Contrast-enhanced helical CT was performed immediately (within 30 min) after radiofrequency ablation (baseline) and 2-4 weeks after ablation. The volume of induced coagulation was measured by three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, and the measurements were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For tumors treated with radiofrequency alone, the volume of the thermal lesion had decreased 12-24% (mean +/- SD, 82.5% +/- 4.4% of initial volume) at 2-4 weeks after ablation. By comparison, increased tumor destruction at 2-4 weeks after ablation was observed for all lesions treated with combined Doxil and radiofrequency (p<0.001). Six lesions increased 24-36% in volume, and coagulation surrounding a small colorectal metastasis increased 342%. No coagulation was identified in four unablated control lesions in the two patients receiving Doxil alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our pilot clinical study suggests that adjuvant Doxil chemotherapy increases tumor destruction compared with radiofrequency ablation therapy alone in a variety of focal hepatic tumors. Optimization of this synergistic strategy may ultimately allow improved clinical efficacy and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: S Nahum
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ihab R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kruskal
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Wayne L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Monsky
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Muneeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Vassilos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raptopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D004317:Doxorubicin