title: Awakening to the psychopharmacology of sleep and arousal: novel neurotransmitters and wake-promoting drugs.
abstract: Exciting new developments in the psychopharmacology of wakefulness are clarifying the neurotransmitters, pathways, and drugs that impact this important physiologic state. Selectively inducing normal wakefulness without stimulating external vigilance may lead to therapeutic benefits not only in sleep disorders but also in cognitive disorders and conditions associated with fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Education Institute, Carlsbad, Calif. 92009, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068797:Orexins; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D000068797:Orexins