title: Retinal and choroidal vascular occlusion after posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of retinal and choroidal vascular occlusion occurring as a complication after posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection for treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study. A 32-year-old woman with uveitis and cystoid macular edema underwent a right posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone (40 mg/ml, 1 ml total) through a superotemporal approach after topical anesthesia. After the procedure, the patient experienced severe eye pain, orbital ecchymosis, and globe proptosis consistent with retrobulbar hemorrhage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dilated fundus examination of the right eye (OD) demonstrated multiple intraretinal hemorrhages with particulate white emboli occluding the retinal and choroidal vessels. Visual acuity was no light perception. Ocular massage and hypotensive therapy was initiated for an intraocular pressure of 50 mm Hg. Canthotomy and cantholysis were performed. A total of 39 months post-incident, her visual acuity improved to 20/100.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection can rarely result in retinal and choroidal occlusion. Immediate intervention may preserve limited visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Darius M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Moshfeghi
authors.forename: Careen Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lowder
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005205:Fascia; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008405:Massage; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014221:Triamcinolone