title: Consequences of axillary recurrence after conservative breast surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to study the incidence, time course and prognosis of patients who developed axillary recurrence after breast-conserving surgery, and to evaluate possible risk factors for axillary recurrence and prognostic factors after axillary recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based cohort of 6613 women with invasive breast cancer who had breast-conserving surgery between 1981 and 1990, 92 recurrences in the ipsilateral axilla were identified. Risk factors for axillary recurrence were studied in a case-control study nested in the cohort, and late survival was documented in the women with axillary recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall risk of axillary recurrence was 1.0 per cent at 5 years and 1.7 per cent at 10 years. The risk of axillary recurrence increased with tumour size (P = 0.033) and was highest in younger women (odds ratio (OR) 3.9 for women aged less than 40 years compared with those aged 50-59 years). Radiotherapy to the breast reduced the risk of axillary recurrence (OR 0.1 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.1 to 0.4)). The breast cancer-specific survival rate after axillary recurrence, as measured from primary treatment, was 78.0 per cent at 5 years and 52.3 per cent at 10 years. Tumour size and node status had a statistically significant effect on death from breast cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axillary recurrence is rare, although more common in younger women with large tumours. Radiotherapy to the breast was protective. Tumour size and node status were the most important prognostic factors in women with axillary recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute, Department of Surgery, Stockholm Söder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. irma.fredriksson@kirurg.sos.sll.se
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liljegren
authors.forename: L-G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Arnesson
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Emdin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palm-Sjövall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fornander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmqvist
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frisell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology