title: Quantum-optical catalysis: generating nonclassical states of light by means of linear optics.
abstract: We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t[0>+alpha]1> of the electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beam splitter. This state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state [alpha> and a single-photon Fock state [1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter output. The single photon thus plays a role of a "catalyst:" it is explicitly present in both the input and the output channels of the interaction yet facilitates generation of a nonclassical state of light.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany. Alex.Lvovsky@uni-konstanz.de
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lvovsky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mlynek