title: Regulation of immune recognition molecules by flavivirus, West Nile.
abstract: We have shown the flaviviruses can up-regulate the cell surface expression of the immune recognition molecules, major histocompatability complex class-I and class-II (MHC-I, MHC-II), ICAM-1, VCAM, and E-selectin, in an interferon-independent and tumor necrosis factor-independent manner. This up-regulation is associated with an increased transcription of the relevant genes and is due to activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B. The level of up-regulation is determined in part by the cell cycle position of the cell when infected with the flavivirus, as quiescent cells show a greater increase in the level of expression of the immune recognition molecules, MHC-I and ICAM-1, than cells in other phases of the cell cycle. The resultant increased cell surface expression is functional with the increased expression resulting in increased recognition by flavivirus-specific and allo-specific cytotoxic T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia. alisonk2@chw.edu.au
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kesson
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nicholas J C
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000276:immunology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1