title: Multi-channel EMG of the M. triceps brachii in rats during treadmill locomotion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims at a precise characterisation of intramuscularly varying recruitment patterns within the triceps brachii muscle (long and lateral head; proximal, medial, distal regions) in the time course of averaged step cycles during locomotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The triceps brachii muscle of 15 Hannover rats was investigated with a supramuscular 16-electrodes grid during treadmill locomotion. Multi-channel electromyogram (EMG) was recorded simultaneously with high-speed videography. The rectified and smoothed EMG was time-normalised. EMG profiles and dynamic EMG-map series were calculated. Differences between EMG distribution patterns were tested by multivariate analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pre-stance phase EMG activity increased especially in the proximal long head. It most likely propagated from lower muscle layers of the long head. During stance phase the EMG activity of the lateral head rose steeply and exceeded those of the long head in short time. The fastest steps show the highest EMG amplitudes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMG registrations with grid electrodes help in the identification of intramuscular co-ordination processes during locomotion. While the EMG profiles characterise the time course, the topographical distribution is better represented in dynamic EMG interference maps. The dynamic changing activation patterns of triceps brachii depend on the phase of the step cycle. This clearly indicates the different functions of the muscle heads.
authors.affiliation: Motor Research Group, Institute of Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erfurter Strasse 35, Germany. nschu@moto.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Nikolaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Frank H W
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Biedermann
authors.forename: Bert U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Kleine
authors.forename: Dick F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stegeman
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roeleveld
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hackert
authors.forename: Hans Ch
authors.initials: HCh
authors.lastname: Scholle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology