title: Gene expression profile induced by 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol, bisphenol A, and genistein in the developing female reproductive system of the rat.
abstract: Exposure to some compounds with estrogenic activity, during fetal development, has been shown to alter development of reproductive organs, leading to abnormal function and disease either after birth or during adulthood. In order to understand the molecular events associated with the estrogenicity of different chemicals and to determine whether common sets of gene expression changes can be predictive of estrogenic activity, we have used microarray technology to determine the transcriptional program influenced by exposure to this class of compounds during organogenesis and development. Changes in patterns of gene expression were determined in the developing uterus and ovaries of Sprague-Dawley rats on GD 20, exposed to graded dosages (sc) of 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol (EE), genistein, or bisphenol A (BPA) from GD 11 to GD 20. Dose levels were roughly equipotent in estrogenic activity. We compared the transcript profiles between treatment groups and controls, using oligonucleotide arrays to determine the expression level of approximately 7000 rat genes and over 1000 expressed squence tags (ESTs). At the highest tested doses of EE, BPA, or genistein, we determined that less than 2% of the mRNA detected by the array showed a 2-fold or greater change in their expression level (increase or decrease). A dose-dependent analysis of the transcript profile revealed a common set of genes whose expression is significantly and reproducibly modified in the same way by each of the 3 chemicals tested. Additionally, each compound induces changes in the expression of other transcripts that are not in common with the others, which indicated not all compounds with estrogenic activity act alike. The results of this study demonstrate that transplacental exposure to chemicals with estrogenic activity changes the gene expression profile of estrogen-sensitive tissues, and that the analysis of the transcript profile of these tissues could be a valuable approach to determining the estrogenicity of different compounds.
authors.affiliation: The Procter and Gamble Company, Miami Valley Laboratories, P.O. Box 538707, No. 805, Cincinnati, OH 45253-8707, USA. naciff.jm@pg.com
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Naciff
authors.forename: M Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jump
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Torontali
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Jay P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tiesman
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Overmann
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Daston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D023281:Genomics; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004247:DNA; D017931:DNA Primers; D004967:Estrogens; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D019833:Genistein; D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds