title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) activity in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies are effective in Crohn's disease and perhaps ulcerative colitis but antigenicity and the high cost have raised interest in other strategies to block TNF-alpha. These include the TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) which releases soluble TNF-alpha from transmembrane pro-TNF-alpha.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether TACE activity is present in human colonic mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detergent extracts of cell membranes from colonic biopsies were obtained from 12 controls and 28 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Enzyme activity was measured by hydrolysis assays using pro-TNF-alpha or oligopeptide substrates spanning the known pro-TNF-alpha cleavage site at Ala(76)-Val(77). Cleavage products were identified by western blotting, high pressure liquid chromatography, or mass spectrometry. TACE protein was localised by immunohistochemistry and identified by western blotting of detergent extracts from purified lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) or epithelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detergent extracts released TNF-alpha from pro-TNF-alpha and cleaved a model oligopeptide as predicted. Substrate hydrolysis was sensitive to known TACE/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, but not trocade which has low activity against TACE. The median TACE level was increased in active ulcerative colitis (147 arbitrary units (AU)/mg; p<0.01) but not in Crohn's disease (81 AU/mg) compared with controls (79 AU/mg). Both the full length proform and the active form of TACE protein were expressed in LPMNC cells and epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functional TACE activity is ubiquitously expressed in the human colon and increased in ulcerative colitis, raising interest in MMP inhibitors targeting TACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Gastroenterology C, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. brynskov@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brynskov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foegh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellervik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saermark
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000201:enzymology*; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606462:ADAM17 protein, human