title: Tuberculosis treatment delivery in high burden settings: does patient choice of supervision matter?
abstract: METHODS
  The Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of patient choice of treatment delivery option on the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients in a high burden setting under actual programme conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study involving 769 new and retreatment TB patients recruited from 45 randomly selected clinics. Patients were interviewed and subsequent follow-up was done through regular visits to the clinics to check progress through formal health records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the treatment outcome of new patients (70% successful) and re-treatment patients (54% successful). Direct observation of treatment (DOT) was found to have no effect on the treatment outcome of new patients (P = 0.875), but re-treatment patients were found to fare better with than without DOT (OR 14.2, 95% CI 4.18-53.14, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained for new patients are similar to those of two recent randomised controlled trials on DOT. This study revealed that for new patients, undue emphasis on universal DOT might be unnecessary. It would perhaps be more beneficial to target supervision at those patients who are most likely to benefit from it (i.e., re-treatment patients). This is of particular relevance in high burden, resource-limited settings where universal DOT for all TB patients is generally unfeasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford University, UK. skironde@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kironde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meintjies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012646:Self Administration / Q000379:methods; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents