title: Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in reducing progression from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure in black and white patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine whether enalapril had comparable efficacy in black and white patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) in preventing the development of symptomatic heart failure (HF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that black patients with HF due to systolic dysfunction may derive less benefit than white patients with HF when treated with the same medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a post hoc analysis of the 4,054 black and white participants of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Prevention Trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomization to enalapril was associated with a comparable reduction in the relative risk of the development of symptomatic HF in black (relative risk [RR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 0.92, p = 0.01) and white patients (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.53, 0.70, p < 0.001). Treatment with enalapril was also associated with a comparable reduction in the risk of the development of HF requiring medical therapy and the composite end point of death or development of HF in black and white patients. Black as compared with white patients with ALVD were at increased risk of the development of symptomatic HF (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.51, 2.17, p < 0.001) despite adjustment for available measures of disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the increased absolute risk in black patients compared with white patients for the progression of ALVD, enalapril was equally efficacious in reducing the risk of progression of ALVD in these two ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9034, USA. daniel.dries@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dries
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Drazner
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D044383:Black People; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril