title: An international taxonomy for errors in general practice: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an international taxonomy describing errors reported by general practitioners in Australia and five other countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  GPs in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States reported errors in an observational pilot study. Anonymous reports were electronically transferred to a central database. Data were analysed by Australian and international investigators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomly selected GPs: 23 in Australia, and between 8 and 20 in the other participating countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Error categories, and consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Australia, 17 doctors reported 134 errors, compared with 301 reports by 63 doctors in the other five countries. The final taxonomy was a five-level system encompassing 171 error types. The first-level classification was "process errors" and "knowledge and skills errors". The proportion of errors in each of these primary groups was similar in Australia (79% process; 21% knowledge and skills) and the other countries (80% process; 20% knowledge and skills). Patient harm was reported in 32% of reports from Australia and 30% from other countries. Participants considered the harm "very serious" in 9% of Australian reports and 3% of other countries' reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study indicates that errors are likely to affect primary care patients in similar ways in countries with similar primary healthcare systems. Further comparative studies are required to improve our understanding of general practice error differences between Australia and other countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University of Sydney, 37a Booth Street, Balmain, NSW 2041, Australia. makeham@ozemail.com.au
authors.forename: Meredith A B
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Makeham
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dovey
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: County
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kidd
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D002965:Classification; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D019049:Developed Countries; D005194:Family Practice / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D009426:Netherlands; D009520:New Zealand; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom