p53 regulates Stat3 phosphorylation and DNA binding activity in human prostate cancer cells expressing constitutively active Stat3.
Constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and mutation of the p53 are both commonly detected in human prostate cancer cells. We sought to investigate whether there is functional regulation of Stat3 by wild-type (wt) p53. Our results demonstrate that expression of wt p53 but not mutant p53 significantly reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 and inhibited Stat3 DNA binding activity in both DU145 and Tsu prostate cancer cell lines that express constitutively active Stat3. Expression of the p53 downstream target, p21(WAF-1), did not have any inhibitory effect on Stat3 phosphorylation. Wt p53 but not p21(WAF-1) induced dramatic apoptosis in these prostate cancer cells. Expression of wt p53 did not cause a reduction of phosphorylation-independent Stat3 protein and reduction of phosphorylation of three unrelated protein kinases, ERK1, ERK2 (ERK1/2), and AKT. Interestingly, p53-dependent apoptosis occurred in the presence of high levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2 in both DU145 and Tsu prostate cancer cells. Further, we evaluated a series of established human prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer cell lines and found that all cancer cell lines expressing constitutively active Stat3, only harbor mutated or deleted p53. One implication of these results is that the anti-proliferative activities of p53 may not be compatible with the constitutive Stat3 signal in cancer cells.
Lin
Jiayuh
J
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0936, USA. linjia@mich.edu
Tang
Huaijing
H
Jin
Xiaohong
X
Jia
Guiyue
G
Hsieh
Jer-Tsong
JT
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*
C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases