title: Detection of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in semen and saliva of HIV type-1 infected men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of the genome of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) in semen and saliva from HIV-1-infected men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of blood from 33 men seropositive for HIV-1 were tested for the presence of GBV-C/HGV markers of infection, RNA by RT-PCR, and anti-E2 antibodies by ELISA, respectively. The cell-free fractions of seminal fluid and saliva samples of the patients with positive blood samples for GBV-C/HGV RNA or anti-E2 antibodies were then analyzed for the presence of the RNA of this virus. In addition, six semen samples and 11 saliva samples from GBV-C/HGV-negative men were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GBV-C/HGV RNA tested by RT-PCR was recovered from blood in 11 patients of 33 (33.3%), and the antibodies to E2 envelope protein were detected in six patients (18.2%). Since no patient was positive for both markers, the overall prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection was 51.5% in the studied population. Four-all belonging to the homosexual risk group-of the 17 men with markers to GBV-C/HGV in blood were found to be positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA in mucosal samples: two of them exhibited genomic RNA in both semen and saliva, and two others were positive for semen only. The absence of inhibitors of the PCR technique was confirmed in all mucosal fractions found negative for GBV-C/HGV RNA, except for one saliva sample and one seminal fluid sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the high prevalence of GBV-C/HGV infection in patients infected with HIV-1 by sexual exposure and the presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA in seminal fluid and saliva of men with markers of this virus in the blood, suggesting that mucosal fluids could be a potential source for the spread of the GBV-C/HGV infection.
authors.affiliation: Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes', Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France. Thomas.Bourlet@University-st-etienne.fr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bourlet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berthelot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grattard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Genin
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Lucht
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pozzetto
mesh_terms: D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D029407:GB virus C / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000071443:12E7 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; C061828:CD99 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012367:RNA, Viral