A chemical perspective on the interplay between NO, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen oxide species.
Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, NO) plays a veritable cornucopia of regulatory roles in normal physiology. In contrast, NO has also been implicated in the etiology and sequela of numerous neurodegenerative diseases that involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen oxide species (RNOS). In this setting, NO is often viewed solely as pathogenic; however, the chemistry of NO can also be a significant factor in lessening injury mediated by both ROS and RNOS. The relationship between NO and oxidation, nitrosation, and nitration reactions is summarized. The salient factors that determine whether NO promotes, abates, or interconnects these chemistries are emphasized. From this perspective of NO chemistry, the type, magnitude, location, and duration of either ROS or RNOS reactions may be predicted.
Espey
Michael G
MG
Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. sp@nih.gov
Miranda
Katrina M
KM
Thomas
Douglas D
DD
Xavier
Sandhya
S
Citrin
Deborah
D
Vitek
Michael P
MP
Wink
David A
DA
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide