title: Communicating across cultures: improving translation to improve complex emergency program effectiveness.
abstract: Translation is a vital activity in Complex Emergencies (CEs) in which the responders and the affected populations do not share the same language or culture. This particularly applies to CEs in developing countries in which a lack of local resources usually results in the importation of foreign aid workers. This paper describes many of the common issues surrounding translation that can affect CE response effectiveness, issues that frequently are not appreciated by aid workers, including clinicians. The authors describe how these issues can arise, their effects, and outline approaches to addressing them.
authors.affiliation: Center for International Emergency, Disaster and Refugee Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. pbolton@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D012066:Relief Work; D014175:Translating