title: Four-week low-glycemic index breakfast with a modest amount of soluble fibers in type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: Low-glycemic index diets are associated with a wide range of benefits when followed on a chronic basis. The chronic effects, however, of the substitution of 1 meal per day are not well known in diabetic subjects. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the chronic use of a low-glycemic index breakfast (low-GIB) rich in low-GI carbohydrates and a modest amount of soluble fibers could have an effect on lipemia at a subsequent lunch, and improve glucose and lipid metabolism in men with type 2 diabetes. A total of 13 men with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated in a double-blind cross-over design to a 4-week daily intake of a low-GI versus a high-GI breakfast separated by a 15-day washout interval. The low-GI breakfast was composed of whole grain bread and muesli containing 3 g beta-glucan from oats. Low-GIB induced lower postprandial plasma glucose peaks than the high-GIB at the beginning (baseline, P <.001) and after the 4-week intake (P <.001). The incremental area under the plasma glucose curve was also lower (P <.001, P <.01, baseline, and 4 weeks, respectively). There was no effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, fructosamine, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). Fasting plasma cholesterol, as well as the incremental area under the cholesterol curve, were lower (P <.03, P <.02) after the 4-week low-GIB period than after the high-GIB period. Apolipoprotein B (apo B) was also decreased by the 4-week low-GIB. There was no effect of the low-GI breakfast on triacylglycerol excursions or glucose and insulin responses at the second meal. The high-GIB, however, tended to decrease the amount of mRNA of leptin in abdominal adipose tissue, but had no effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) mRNA amounts. In conclusion, the intake of a low-GI breakfast containing a modest amount (3 g) of beta-glucan for 4 weeks allowed good glycemic control and induced low plasma cholesterol levels in men with type 2 diabetes. The decrease in plasma cholesterol associated with low-GI breakfast intake may reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U341 Department of Diabetes, A.P. Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, EA 3502 University Paris, VI, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Morvarid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruzzo
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiquet
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wursch
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: Salwa W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rizkalla
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019270:Fructosamine; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; C506642:CETP protein, human