title: In vitro bactericidal activity of piperacillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole in a mixed model containing Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis.
abstract: An anaerobic, mixed model assay was used to study the bactericidal activities of piperacillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole, alone and in double- and triple-antibiotic combinations against a polymicrobial suspension of E. coli, E. faecalis, and B. fragilis. Only slight differences were noted with the agents when tested against single (10(5) cfu/mL inoculum) versus polymicrobic suspensions (10(6) cfu/mL final inoculum) of susceptible and resistant organisms. Contrary to previous reports in the literature, metronidazole was not active against E. coli in an anaerobic environment (even in the presence of B. fragilis) nor was the activity of metronidazole reduced against B. fragilis in the presence of E. faecalis. Gentamicin demonstrated excellent activity against E. coli when tested in a Bactron anaerobic chamber (5% hydrogen, 5% CO(2,) 90% nitrogen). The pH of the media was only reduced to 6.3-6.7, considerably higher than the pH range of 5-6 needed to significantly reduce the activity of aminoglycosides.
authors.affiliation: The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Microbiology Research Laboratory, Chicago, IL, USA. Pendland@uic.edu
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pendland
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Messick
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schriever
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patka
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; D008795:Metronidazole; D010878:Piperacillin