Does insulin dysfunction play a role in Alzheimer's disease?
Age-related changes in hormone levels are determinants of a variety of human diseases. Insulin is known to affect numerous brain functions including cognition and memory, and several clinical studies have established links between Alzheimer's disease (AD), insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. These are reinforced by biological studies that reveal the effects of insulin on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of AD. For example, insulin regulates phosphorylation of tau protein, which underlies neurofibrillary lesions in the brains of AD patients. Insulin also affects the metabolism of beta-amyloid, the main constituent of AD amyloid pathology. Here, we discuss clinical and biological data that highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Gasparini
Laura
L
Nicox Research Institute, Via Ariosto 21, 20091 Bresso, Milan, Italy. gasparini@nicox.it
Netzer
William J
WJ
Greengard
Paul
P
Xu
Huaxi
H
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D007328:Insulin