title: Mechanism of angiotensin II-induced phospholipase D activation in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.
abstract: Based on previous data demonstrating activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in response to angiotensin II (AngII), we have hypothesized a role for PLD in mediating aldosterone secretion from bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. In this study we demonstrate that a PLD-generated signal(s) is required for the AngII-elicited secretory response, since interfering with lipid second messenger formation using a primary alcohol inhibited AngII-induced aldosterone secretion, but not that elicited by incubation with a hydrophilic cholesterol analog, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, which bypasses signaling pathways. Three mechanisms for hormonal activation of PLD have been described in other systems: direct receptor coupling, activation through protein kinase C (PKC) and a combination of these two mechanisms. Our results indicate that the PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristic 13-acetate (PMA), is able to activate PLD, and that receptor engagement is apparently not necessary for PLD activation in response to this agent. Maximal doses of AngII and PMA produced no additive effect on PLD activation, suggesting that these two agents function through a common PKC pathway. This interpretation was confirmed by the ability of a PKC inhibitor, Gö 6976, to inhibit partially AngII-induced PLD activation. Finally, treatment with the calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin or the calcium channel agonist BAY K8644 had no effect on PLD activity. Likewise, inhibiting calcium influx with high-dose nitrendipine affected neither basal PLD activity nor that stimulated by AngII. Thus, our results suggest a role for PKC, independent of calcium influx, in mediating AngII-induced PLD activation in glomerulosa cells.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cell Signaling, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, 30912-2630, Augusta, GA, USA. wbollag@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Bollag
authors.forename: EunMi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Roberto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Calle
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002227:Carbazoles; D004075:Diglycerides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C081021:Go 6976; D000001:Calcimycin; D000450:Aldosterone; D015759:Ionomycin; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D020001:1-Butanol; D009568:Nitrendipine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010739:Phospholipase D; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium