title: Augmentation effect of postprandial hyperinsulinaemia on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently have impaired glucose metabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether impaired glucose metabolism affects the growth rate of the tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour doubling time (DT), assessed by ultrasound imaging analysis, was measured in 60 patients with single small HCC (diameter <30 mm). DT was compared with plasma insulin and glucose concentrations following the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The effect of continuous infusion of octreotide (a somatostatin analogue 200 microg/day) for three months on DT in five cases was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 60 patients were divided into two groups because the median DT was 140 days: rapid growth group (DT <or=140 days, n=30) and slow growth group (DT >140 days, n=30). Fasting plasma insulin concentration and area under the plasma insulin curve (AUC(ins)) of the OGTT (10.4 (6.2) microU/ml and 262 (152) microU/ml/h, respectively; mean (SD)) in the rapid growth group were significantly higher than those in the slow growth group (7.6 (4.3) and 146 (140), respectively) (p=0.041 and p=0.0006, respectively). In contrast, fasting plasma glucose concentration and area under the plasma glucose curve (AUC(gluc)) in the rapid growth group were significantly lower than those in the slow growth group (p=0.0003 and p=0.0012, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses of logistic regression models demonstrated that AUC(ins) was a significant factor contributing to the growth rate of HCC (p=0.001 and p=0.016, respectively). AUC(ins) significantly decreased after octreotide treatment (p<0.02) but AUC(gluc) did not significantly change. DT after treatment increased in three of the five patients and could not be calculated in the remaining two patients because of no change in the diameter of the tumour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that postprandial hyperinsulinaemia is associated with accelerated HCC growth.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiso
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D013004:Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide