title: Continuous versus interrupted perineal repair with standard or rapidly absorbed sutures after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trauma to the perineum is a serious and frequent problem after childbirth, with about 350000 women each year in the UK needing sutures for perineal injury after spontaneous vaginal delivery, and many millions more worldwide. We compared the continuous technique of perineal repair with the interrupted method, and the more rapidly absorbed polyglactin 910 suture material with the standard polyglactin 910 material.
  
  
  METHODS
  1542 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery with a second-degree perineal tear or episiotomy were randomly allocated to either the continuous (n=771) or interrupted (771) suturing method, and to either the more rapidly absorbed polyglactin 910 suture material (772) or standard polyglactin 910 material (770). Primary outcomes were pain 10 days after delivery and superficial dyspareunia 3 months postpartum. Analysis was by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At day 10, three women had dropped out of the study. Significantly fewer women reported pain at 10 days with the continuous technique than with the interrupted method (204/770 [26.5%] vs 338/769 [44.0%], odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.38-0.58, p<0.0001). Occurrence of pain did not differ significantly between groups assigned the more rapidly absorbed material or standard material (256/769 [33.3%] vs 286/770 [37.1%], 0.84, 0.68-1.04, p=0.10). Women reported no difference in superficial dyspareunia at 3 months for the continuous vs the interrupted method (98/581 [16.9%] vs 102/593 [17.2%], 0.98, 0.72-1.33, p=0.88) or the more rapidly absorbed versus standard material (105/586 [17.9%] vs 95/588 [16.2%], 1.13, 0.84-1.54, p=0.42). Suture removal was done less with the more rapidly absorbed material than with standard suture material (22/769 [3%] vs 98/770 [13%], p<0.0001), and with the continuous versus interrupted method (24/770 [3%] vs 96/769 [12%], p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple and widely practicable continuous repair technique can prevent one woman in six from having pain at 10 days. Also, the more rapidly absorbed polyglactin 910 material obviates need for suture removal up to 3 months postpartum for one in ten women sutured.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Division, City General Site, Stoke on Trent ST4 6QG, UK. chris@kogs.freeserve.co.uk
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kettle
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Darby
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johanson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013536:Suture Techniques; D006113:United Kingdom