title: Synergistic action of prolactin (PRL) and androgen on PRL-inducible protein gene expression in human breast cancer cells: a unique model for functional cooperation between signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 and androgen receptor.
abstract: The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) has been shown to cooperate with some nuclear receptors. However, an interaction has never been demonstrated with the androgen receptor (AR). Given that the PRL-inducible protein/gross cystic disease fluid-15 (PIP/GCDFP-15) is both a PRL-controlled and an androgen-controlled protein, we used its promoter region to investigate the potential interaction between Stat5 and androgen receptor. Dihydrotestosterone or PRL alone slightly modulated or did not modulate the luciferase activity of all reporter gene constructs. In contrast, a maximal increase was observed using the -1477+42 reporter gene construct after exposure to both dihydrotestosterone and PRL. The requirement of half-site androgen-responsive elements and two consensus Stat5-binding elements, Stat5#1 and Stat5#2, was determined by site-directed mutagenesis. Activated Stat5B binds with a higher affinity to Stat5#2 than to Stat5#1. Stat5ADelta749 and Stat5BDelta754 mutants demonstrated that the Stat5 trans-activation domain is involved in the hormonal cooperation. The cooperation depends on the PRL-induced phosphorylation on Tyr(694) in Stat5A and Tyr(699) in Stat5B, as demonstrated using the Stat5AY694F and Stat5BY699F proteins. The use of AR Q798E, C619Y, and C784Y mutants showed that trans-activation, DNA-binding, and ligand-binding domains of AR are essential. Our study thus suggests a functional cooperation between AR and Stat5.
authors.affiliation: Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carsol
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gingras
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simard
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C024328:APOD protein, human; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; C488892:PIP protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C494092:STAT5A protein, human; C494095:STAT5B protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D011388:Prolactin