title: Establishment and characterization of a new lung cancer cell line (MI-4) producing high levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor.
abstract: We established a human lung cancer cell line, MI-4 from the pleural effusion of a 69-year-old male with advanced large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung complicated by leukocytosis. The culture supernatant of MI-4 contained high levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The intracellular localization of the G-CSF was identified by immunocytochemistry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed G-CSF mRNA expression in this cell line. The cell line was successfully transplanted into nude mice. The transplanted nude mice also showed leukocytosis with a high serum G-CSF level. Southern blot analysis did not show amplification or rearrangement of the G-CSF gene in MI-4 cells. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses revealed that this cell line has an additional chromosome 17 attached to a segment of chromosome 10 besides two intact chromosomes 17, and that each of these three chromosomes 17 has a G-CSF gene on chromosome 17q. Inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, significantly enhanced G-CSF expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in MI-4. However, these cytokines did not stimulate the growth of MI-4 cells, regardless of abundant G-CSF production. TNF-alpha rather suppressed it, in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous recombinant human G-CSF and anti-G-CSF antibody did not promote or inhibit the growth of MI-4 cells at any concentration examined. In addition, RT-PCR analysis did not show G-CSF receptor mRNA expression. These results suggest that this cell line does not have an autocrine growth loop for G-CSF. This cell line should be very useful for understanding the biological activity of G-CSF in G-CSF-overproducing lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505.
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamecnikova
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Mutsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furihata
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007621:Karyotyping; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor