title: A single-blind placebo-controlled investigation into the analgesic effects of interferential currents on experimentally induced ischaemic pain in healthy subjects.
abstract: The aim of this single-blind placebo-controlled study was to examine the analgesic effects of interferential currents (IFC) on experimentally induced ischaemic pain. Ischaemic pain was induced using the submaximal effort tourniquet technique (SETT) and pain intensity was recorded using a visual analogue scale at 1-min intervals was used as the primary outcome measure. Following baseline recordings 30 healthy volunteers received either active IFC, sham IFC, or no treatment (10 subjects per group). Data were analysed by calculating the mean change in pain intensity at each 1-min interval by subtracting data during treatment from the baseline data. IFC was administered throughout the duration of the ischaemic pain test via four electrodes (quadripolar application) on the forearm. Active IFC delivered electrical currents at a 'strong but comfortable' intensity. A 'dummy' stimulator that delivered no current was used as sham IFC. Subjects in the no treatment control group were informed that the IFC device was not switched on. There were significant effects for Groups (P=0.04) which were attributed to a significant reduction in pain intensity for the IFC group when compared with sham and no-treatment control (P< or =0.05). There were no significant effects for Time (P=0.69) or Group-Time interaction (P=0.45). In conclusion, IFC produced significantly greater analgesia than sham and no-treatment control groups under the present experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Principal Lecturer in Human Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environment, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK. m.johnson@lmu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ghazala
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabasam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010919:Placebos; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos