title: Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The novel antipsychotic medications offer a more favorable extrapyramidal side effect profile than conventional agents. It is uncertain that the novel antipsychotics have a benefit in terms of sexual side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively administered a survey of sexual functioning to 25 male patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, taking conventional and novel antipsychotics. Contrasts were made between three treatment groups: clozapine (CLOZ), risperidone (RIS), and a combined haloperidol/fluphenazine (HAL/FLU) group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease in overall sexual functioning was reported in all medication groups (40-71%). The majority of subjects taking RIS or HAL/FLU reported a decline in one or more aspects of sexual functioning. Examining specific aspects of sexual functioning revealed that, a decline in sexual interest was significantly less common on CLOZ compared to RIS (0 vs. 64%; chi(2)=6.1, df=1, p=0.01) or HAL/FLU (0 vs. 67%; chi(2)=5.2, df=1, p=0.02), while a decline in the erectile frequency was significantly more common on RIS compared to CLOZ (40 vs. 93%; chi(2)=6.2, df=1, p=0.01) or HAL/FLU (50 vs. 93%; chi(2)=4.8, df=1, p=0.03) (0%). For enjoyment of orgasm and ejaculatory volume, significantly fewer CLOZ compared to RIS subjects reported a decline (20 vs. 86%; chi(2)=7.4, df=1, p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual side effects are common clinically pertinent adverse effects associated with both novel and conventional antipsychotic medications. They deserve increased attention in clinical work and future research with emerging antipsychotic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. ames@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Donna A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wirshing
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.forename: C Scott
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wirshing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone; D005476:Fluphenazine