title: Supports and obstacles to cancer survival for Hawaii's native people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigators have suggested that high cancer mortality rates among Native Hawaiians are due to fatalistic attitudes toward the disease, poor access to care, and lack of consideration of Native Hawaiian cultural values in Western approaches to healthcare. This study used qualitative methods to examine these factors in Native Hawaiian cancer survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight focus groups were held on five islands, attracting 45 Native Hawaiian cancer survivors from both rural and urban locales. The focus groups explored survivors' experiences with cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Participatory research methods were used, with researchers gaining community input on study design, incorporating appropriate Native Hawaiian cultural protocols into the focus groups, and engaging participants in the interpretation of the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to cancer survivors of other ethnicities, these individuals demonstrated the following: success in accessing healthcare information, professionals, facilities, and insurance; the ability to overcome the barriers confronted; and proactive health behaviors regarding screening, diagnosis, and treatment. They also demonstrated ways in which they were sustained through the cancer experience by Native Hawaiian traditions, such as helping others, gaining strength from Hawaiian spiritual beliefs, and relying on family for personal support. Participants did not respond passively to their cancer diagnoses, and they expressed few fatalistic attitudes. Participants did give numerous examples of other Native Hawaiians who did not seek screening or treatment for cancer because they lacked insurance, had poor access to care, or felt alienated by Western healthcare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that improving access to care and incorporating cultural values in health education and services can enhance survivorship and quality of life for Native Hawaiians with cancer. These themes may have applications for other minority groups.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, and Research Co-Director, 'Imi Hale, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokuau
authors.forename: G Haunani
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Momi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaanoi
authors.forename: Carolyn C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gotay
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006254:Hawaii / Q000208:ethnology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D015996:Survival Rate