title: AML1 stimulates G1 to S progression via its transactivation domain.
abstract: Inhibition of AML1-mediated transactivation potently slows G1 to S cell cycle progression. In Ba/F3 cells, activation of exogenous AML1 (RUNX1)-ER with 4-hydroxytamoxifen prevents inhibition of G1 progression mediated by CBFbeta-SMMHC, a CBF oncoprotein. We expressed three AML1-ER variants with CBFbeta-SMMHC in Ba/F3 cells. In these lines, CBFbeta-SMMHC expression is regulated by the zinc-responsive metallothionein promoter. Deletion of 72 AML1 C-terminal residues, which includes a transrepression domain, did not alter the activity of AML1-ER, whereas further deletion of 98 residues, removing the most potent AML1 transactivation domain (TAD), prevented rescue of cell cycle inhibition. Notably, the two variants which did not stimulate G1 exacerbated CBFbeta-SMMHC-mediated cell cycle arrest, suggesting that they dominantly inhibit AML1 activities. In addition, the two variants which stimulated G1 also induced apoptosis in 5-15% of the cells, an effect consistent with excessive G1 stimulation. These observations indicate that AML1 activates transcription of one or more genes critical for the G1 to S transition via its C-terminal transactivation domain. Inactivation of AML in acute leukemia is expected to slow proliferation unless additional genetic alterations co-exist which accelerate G1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Research Building, Room 253, The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardin
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C493726:Runx1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D004247:DNA