title: The relationship between the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in saliva and halitosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between the presence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in saliva and halitosis in mouth air.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional microbiological and clinical oral examination of adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  101 adult patients (25 males, 76 females) who attended the Preventive Dentistry and Breath Odour Clinic of Kyushu Dental College. Their average age was 50.0+/-13.5 years old (mean +/- SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were classified into three groups: halitosis subjects with a probing depth (PD) > or = 4mm (P group), halitosis subjects without PD > or = 4mm (H group), and non-halitosis subjects without PD > or = 4mm (C group).
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects received a periodontal examination. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC: hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan) were measured using gas chromatography. The presence of Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia in the saliva was detected by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia influenced the production of VSC. Specifically, the presence of B. forsythus in subjects with periodontitis was strongly correlated to the concentration of VSC in mouth air.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan. awa-shu@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gohara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takehara
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001442:Bacteroides Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C005231:methylmercaptan; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide