title: TGF-beta1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Up to now, clinical tumor-markers for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been lacking. Increased plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were described as a tumor-marker and prognostic factor in RCC. The aim of this study was to test the clinical suitability of plasma TGF-beta1 as a tumor-marker for RCC. The concentrations of active and latent TGF-beta1 were determined in plasma of patients with localized (n = 39) and metastasised (n = 17) RCC. A newly developed, highly sensitive ELISA, which is specific for the isoform beta1, was used. Active TGF was directly measured in the EDTA plasma. To determine the amount of latent TGF-beta1, which is bound predominantly at beta2-macroglobulin, an optimized activation procedure was applied. Patients with localized RCC showed median concentrations of 16,700 ng/l (6,200-54,800 ng/l) for latent TGF-beta1. A total of 94 patients with various nonmalignant urological diseases were recruited as a control group. In comparison, this group had median concentrations of 19,900 ng/l (2,640-52,300 ng/l) for latent TGF-beta1. There was no significant difference (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) between these groups. Patients with metastatic RCC showed median concentrations of 34,500 ng/l (6,800-48,960 ng/l) for latent TGF-beta1. In comparison to the localized RCC group, a statistically significant difference was found. Plasma levels after operative therapy (days 1, 5 and 10) and during follow-up without evidence of disease (2-6 months) showed no significant differences. Contrary to other study groups, our results suggest that TGF-beta1 is not a suitable tumor-marker for the diagnosis of localized RCC. In the face of higher TGF-beta1 plasma levels in metastatic disease, TGF-beta1 may be useful in the early detection of RCC recurrence or to control the success of immunochemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. hegele@post.med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Knobloch
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kropf
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1