title: Macrophage signaling by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins derived from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes.
abstract: Activation of cells from the innate immune system has an important role in host resistance to early infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. Here we review the studies that have identified and structurally characterized the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, as parasite molecules responsible for the activation of cells from the macrophage lineage. We also cover the studies that have identified the receptor, signaling pathways as well as the array of genes expressed in macrophages that are activated by these glycoconjugates. We discuss the possible implications of such response on the host resistance to T. cruzi infection and the pathogenesis of Chagas disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopathology, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ropert
authors.forename: Ludmila R P
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Marco A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Daniela O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Procópio
authors.forename: Luiz R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Travassos
authors.forename: Michael A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Luiz F L
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Mauro M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Igor C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Ricardo T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gazzinelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors