title: Current incidence of acute neurologic complications after open-heart operations in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, neurologic dysfunction was estimated to complicate 25% or less of pediatric open-heart operations. We sought to determine the current incidence and spectrum of early postoperative neurologic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective review of all patients undergoing open heart operations in 1 year at our institution with the goal to identify all neurologic complications occurring in the early postoperative period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Open-heart operations were performed in 706 children. Sixteen children (2.3%) had neurologic complications develop, including 9 (1.3%) with definite clinical seizures, 1 with suspected seizures and bilateral subdural hemorrhage, 2 with coma after cardiac arrest, 2 with transient mild choreoathetosis, 1 with facial palsy, and 1 with persistent irritability. Causes of seizure were cyclosporin A toxicity posttransplant (4), cerebral ischemia post cardiac arrest (3), and unknown (2). In infants less than 1 year of age, the incidence of seizures was 1.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review suggests a decrease in acute neurologic morbidity after pediatric open heart operation. Clinical seizures remain the most common complication. Posttransplant, cyclosporin-associated seizures have emerged as an important etiologic category, coincident with an increase in cardiac transplantation in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Menache
authors.forename: Adré J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Jane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newburger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies