title: Neuroprotective effect of delayed moderate hypothermia after focal cerebral ischemia: an MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In contrast to early hypothermia, the effects of delayed hypothermia in focal cerebral ischemia have not been widely addressed. We examined the influence of delayed hypothermia on secondary ischemic injury, MRI lesion size, and neurological outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats (n=30) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, 120 minutes) by use of the intraluminal filament model. Animals of the treatment group (n=12) were exposed to whole-body hypothermia of 33 degrees C for 5 hours starting 3 hours after MCAO, whereas the control group (n=18) was kept at 37 degrees C throughout the whole experiment. The normothermia- and hypothermia-treated animals were investigated daily by using the Menzies neurological score. Serial MRI was performed 1, 3, and 6 hours after MCAO and on days 1, 2, 3, and 5. After the final MRI scan, the rats were euthanized, and brain slices were stained by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed hypothermia resulted in a significant increase of survival rate and a significant improvement of the Menzies score. Moreover, a significant decrease in the extent of hyperintense volumes in T2-weighted scans and a reduction of cerebral edema as calculated from T2-weighted scans throughout the examination period were obvious. The extent of cerebral infarct volume and cerebral brain edema examined by MRI was consistent with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that even delayed postischemic hypothermia can reduce the extent of infarct volume and brain edema after transient focal cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Rainer_Kollmar@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kollmar
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Schäbitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Schellinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardutzky
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015424:Reperfusion; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome