title: Hyperosmolarity abrogates neutrophil cytotoxicity provoked by post-shock mesenteric lymph.
abstract: Hypertonic saline (HTS) resuscitation inhibits acute lung injury in animal models of shock, but some argue this may simply represent more efficient fluid resuscitation. Inflammatory mediators within mesenteric lymph have been identified as a link between splanchnic hypoperfusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesize that HTS resuscitation abrogates post-shock lymph-mediated neutrophil (PMN) priming and PMN-mediated human endothelial cell cytotoxicity. Mesenteric lymph was collected from rats (n = 5) before (control), during non-lethal hemorrhagic shock, defined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg for 30 min, and after resuscitation (shed blood + 2 x lactated Ringers (LR) versus 7.5% NaCl, 4 cc/kg, over 5 min). Isolated human PMNs were primed with physiologic concentrations (5% v:v) of lymph either from animals resuscitated with LR or HTS and activated with either PMA or fMLP. In a separate set of experiments, human PMNs were primed with LR lymph after incubation with HTS (180 mM NaCl). The maximal rate of superoxide production was measured by reduction of cytochrome C. In addition, the effect of HTS pretreatment on PMN adherence to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and PMN-mediated cytotoxicity was determined after lymph-mediated PMN priming. PHSML primed isolated PMNs above buffer controls and pre-shock lymph in a normotonic environment; HTS resuscitation abrogated this effect. HTS preincubation of isolated PMNs inhibited PHSML-induced PMN priming, adherence to HMVECs, and PMN-mediated HMVEC cytotoxicity. Hypertonic resuscitation (HTS) abrogates PHSML pniming of the PMN and PMN-mediated HMVEC cytotoxicity. Furthermore, incubation of PMNs in clinically relevant HTS (180 mM NaCl) prevents PHSML PMN priming and PMN:HMVEC interactions. These studies suggest inhibition of PMN signal transduction is a mechanism whereby HTS resuscitation abrogates acute lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Denver Health Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Colorado 80204, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ciesla
authors.forename: Joao Rezende
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic