title: Patients' perceptions of fatigue in response to biochemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore patients' perceptions of fatigue in response to biochemotherapy treatment for metastatic melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cancer center in the midwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 adult patients between the ages of 28-70 who received at least one cycle of biochemotherapy treatment for metastatic melanoma (stages III and IV) from the inpatient or outpatient services of a midwestern cancer center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A demographic data sheet and the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS) were used to collect data at a single point in time after patients received at least one cycle of biochemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients who received biochemotherapy reported severe or moderate fatigue. Female patients' total fatigue scores were higher than those of male patients. Fatigue duration varied from hours to months, with a maximum duration of 12 months after biochemotherapy treatment. All of the patients reported that the most direct causes of their fatigue were metastatic melanoma and biochemotherapy treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who received biochemotherapy treatment for metastatic melanoma reported moderate to severe fatigue. Female patients experienced more intense fatigue than male patients. The findings also supported the multidimensionality of fatigue construct identified in prior fatigue studies. The four dimensions/subscales of fatigue assessed by the Revised PFS were highly correlated to total fatigue scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biochemotherapy is a newer treatment modality for metastatic melanoma. Fatigue, one of the severe toxicities from biochemotherapy treatment, necessitates attention from nurses. The findings will assist nurses in teaching patients about fatigue that may be expected during or after biochemotherapy and about self-care strategies to manage fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA. mf339@mizzou.edu
authors.forename: Mei R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Clay M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing* / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012648:Self Care; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors