title: Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, promotes growth and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of endothelial cells through its action on smooth muscle cells in an artificial blood vessel model.
abstract: To study the interactions between smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro, we developed an artificial blood vessel model, which consisted of collagen gel containing human aortic smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown on the gel. The blood vessel model was utilized to investigate the role of midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, in the intercellular interactions that are important in angiogenesis. In the blood vessel model, midkine induced stratification of the endothelial cells and increased their proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. However, midkine had no effect on the smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells when they were cultured separately. Increased proliferation of the endothelial cells was also attained by coculturing them with smooth muscle cells in the presence of midkine or culturing endothelial cells with the conditioned medium of the smooth muscle cells, which had been treated with midkine. These experiments indicate that the target of midkine was smooth muscle cells, which secreted factor(s) acting on the endothelial cells. We identified interleukin-8 as one such factor; the synthesis of interleukin-8 by the smooth muscle cells was increased by exposure to midkine, and anti-interleukin-8 inhibited the midkine action. Furthermore, interleukin-8 caused stratification of the endothelial cells in the blood vessel model. These results provided evidence that midkine is one of the factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D001187:Artificial Organs; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005782:Gels / Q000494:pharmacology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000078792:Midkine; D008954:Models, Biological; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D016209:Interleukin-8; C066254:MDK protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; C408049:midkine receptors; D000078792:Midkine