title: Indomethacin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory processes involving cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals and glial cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin attenuate inflammatory reactions. Hence, there may be a role for some of these drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of indomethacin in the treatment of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trials were identified from a search of the Specialized Register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (which contains records from many different medical and trials databases) on 14 June 2001 using the terms indomethacin and indome* and NSAIDS. In addition two independent reviewers systematically searched relevant computerized databases and Internet sites. This was supplemented by hand searching and additional references sought from selected papers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single or multi-centre placebo-controlled randomized trials examining the efficacy of indomethacin in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease were eligible for selection for this review. Using a standard extraction form, inclusion/exclusion criteria were set to ensure design quality and lack of bias of all trials included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected independently by two reviewers and any discrepancies were subject to discussion. Corresponding authors were contacted for any missing data needed for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one study was selected for this review (~~Rogers 1993~~). We detected no statistically significant difference between indomethacin treatment and placebo for the individual cognitive tests, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale ( ADAS), Boston Naming Test (BNT) and Token Test (TK). Dropouts and death rate were the only reported results that were amenable to evaluation. The dropout rate was higher in the indomethacin group (10/24) than in the control group (6/20). Gastrointestinal adverse events were more prevalent in the treatment group (5/24 compared with 1/20 in control group). There was no statistically significant difference in death rate between the two groups (p=0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this one trial and subsequent analysis of data as reported by the authors, indomethacin cannot be recommended for the treatment of mild to moderate severity Alzheimer's disease. At doses of 100-150 mg daily, serious side effects will limit its use.
authors.affiliation: Old Age Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK, SE5 8AZ. n.tabet@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabet
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007213:Indomethacin