title: A prospective comparative study of needlescopic and conventional endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Needlescopic inguinal hernioplasty has been made feasible with the miniaturization of instruments and recent advances in laparoscopic surgical technique. Postoperative outcome of needlescopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty (TEP) has not been previously compared with that of conventional TEPs. The objective of the current study is to compare the postoperative outcomes of needlescopic and conventional TEPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1, 2001, to December 30, 2001, a total of 30 patients underwent attempted unilateral needlescopic TEPs. Of these, 12 and 18 patients underwent ambulatory and inpatient procedures, respectively. The results were compared to those of an age-matched cohort of 30 patients who underwent either ambulatory (n = 12) or inpatient (n = 18) conventional TEPs. All data were prospectively collected and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Needlescopic TEPs were successfully performed in 90% of patients (n = 27). Three procedures were converted to conventional TEPs because of adhesions. Demographic features, hernia types, and mean operative times of the two groups were similar. The mean pain score upon coughing on postoperative day 1 was significantly lower in patients who underwent needlescopic TEPs than in those who had conventional TEPs. Pain scores at rest and upon coughing on days 0 to 6 were otherwise comparable between the two groups. Comparisons of the mean duration of hospitalization, postoperative morbidity, and time taken to resume normal activities showed no significant difference between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Needlescopic TEP is a safe technique for the repair of inguinal hernia. Postoperative recovery following needlescopic and conventional TEPs was similar. Needlescopic TEP conferred a significantly lower pain score upon coughing on the first day after operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Tung Wah Hospital, 12 Po Yan Street, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong SAR. lauh@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome