title: Low-altitude infrared propagation in a coastal zone: refraction and scattering.
abstract: Midwave and long-wave infrared propagation were measured in the marine atmosphere close to the surface of the ocean. Data were collected near San Diego Bay for two weeks in November 1996 over a 15-km horizontal path. The data are interpreted in terms of effects expected from molecules, aerosol particles, and refraction. Aerosol particles are a dominant influence in this coastal zone. They induce a diurnal variation in transmission as their character changes with regular changes in wind direction. A refractive propagation factor calculation is introduced, and it is systematically applied to the model and to the data analysis. It is shown that this refractive propagation factor is a necessary component of a complete near-sea-surface infrared transmission model.
authors.affiliation: Atmospheric Propagation Branch of the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, California 92152-7385, USA. hammel@spawar.navy.mil
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Doss-Hammel
authors.forename: Carl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Zeisse
authors.forename: Amalia E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moerman
authors.forename: Arie N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Frederickson
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Davidson