title: [Is the epidemiological surveillance system of nosocomial infections recommended by the American CDC applicable in a Chilean hospital?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNIS system) is the method for surveying nosocomial infections used by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). This strategy allows the comparison of different hospitals, using rate adjustments. In Chile, this system is not used.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the application of this system in a tertiary reference hospital in Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a six months prospective cohort study. The active surveillance was carried out by using the intensive care unit and surgery components of the NNIS system. Tabulation and analysis of the data were done according to the NNIS system. In a parallel prevalence study, we determined the NNIS system sensitivity to detect nosocomial infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 492 patients were followed with a global nosocomial infection rate of 14%, for discharged patients. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of the system was 84.2 and 97% respectively. In the intensive care unit, 45 of 169 patients had nosocomial infections, with an adjusted rate of 2.8% for mean hospitalization time and severity of illness. In the cardiovascular and thoracic surgical units, 216 and 107 procedures were surveyed, respectively. The global rates of nosocomial infections were 7.4 and 7.5%, respectively. The adjusted rates according to risk factors were 0.9 and 2.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the surgical units had surgical site infections rates similar to those reported by the CDC. Nosocomial infections rates in Chile can be compared with rates observed in other countries. The epidemiological data collected can be useful to focus intervention or preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Febré
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larrondo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. / Q000592:standards; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States