title: Early deprivation and behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty in the marmoset.
abstract: Long-term effects of adverse early environment on neurobehavioral development have been reported for rodents and primates. The present study used daily early deprivation (ED), a paradigm developed for rats, for the first time in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, and investigated its effects on the behavioral and physiological responses to social separation/novelty (SSN) challenge tests in juveniles. On postnatal days (PNDs) 2-28, infants (n=5 twin pairs) were removed from the parents and placed alone in an isolation chamber for 30-120 min (9 h/week). Parents and control subjects (n=5 twin pairs) were briefly restrained (CON). At Weeks 18-20, behavioral responses of ED and CON juveniles to six 60-min SSN tests in an isolated cage, comprising 45 min alone and 15 min reunion with the father, were measured. Baseline and post-test urine samples were collected for measurement of cortisol. ED subjects exhibited significantly lower basal SSN urinary cortisol than CON, whilst SSN response cortisol values were similar in ED and CON. When alone, ED subjects were significantly less mobile and emitted significantly less contact calls than CON. Following reunion, ED subjects were significantly less in contact with or being carried by the father than CON and demonstrated significantly more tail piloerection. Although they require validation by additional parameters (e.g. cardiovascular), these data strongly suggest that early-life stress alters endocrine and behavioral responsiveness to psychosocial challenge in this primate and in a direction that could model important changes in disorders of human affective state.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neurobiology Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Schwerzenbach Research Unit, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dettling
authors.forename: Joram
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldon
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pryce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010333:Paternal Deprivation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone