title: Coordinated interaction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult songbird brain.
abstract: Neurogenesis proceeds throughout life in the higher vocal center (HVC) of the adult songbird neostriatum. Testosterone induces neuronal addition and endothelial division in HVC. We asked if testosterone-induced angiogenesis might contribute importantly to HVC neuronal recruitment. Testosterone upregulated both VEGF and its endothelial receptor, VEGF-R2/Quek1/KDR, in HVC. This yielded a burst in local HVC angiogenesis. FACS-isolated HVC endothelial cells produced BDNF in a testosterone-dependent manner. In vivo, HVC BDNF rose by the third week after testosterone, lagging by over a week the rise in VEGF and VEGF-R2. In situ hybridization revealed that much of this induced BDNF mRNA was endothelial. In vivo, both angiogenesis and neuronal addition to HVC were substantially diminished by inhibition of VEGF-R2 tyrosine kinase. These findings suggest a causal interaction between testosterone-induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical Center, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Abner
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louissaint
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002171:Canaries / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004967:Estrogens; D008222:Lymphokines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013739:Testosterone; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor