HIV-1/AIDS and the control of other infectious diseases in Africa.
The effect of HIV-1 on other infectious diseases in Africa is an increasing public health concern. In this review, we describe the role that three major infectious diseases--malaria, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis--have had in the HIV-1 epidemic. The high prevalence of untreated STD infections has been a major factor facilitating the spread of HIV-1 in Africa; with the synergistic interaction between HIV-1 transmission and genital herpes being of special concern for control of both diseases. Increased susceptibility to tuberculosis after infection with HIV-1 has led to a rising incidence and threat of increased transmission of tuberculosis. Clinical malaria occurs with an increased frequency and severity in HIV-1-infected individuals, especially during pregnancy. As with tuberculosis, STDs, and other communicable HIV-1-associated diseases, the net effect of HIV-1 might include increased rates of malaria transmission across communities. In addition to enhancing access to HIV-1 prevention and care, public health surveillance and control programmes should be greatly intensified to cope with the new realities of infectious disease control in Africa.
Corbett
Elizabeth L
EL
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Elizabeth.Corbett@lshtm.ac.uk
Steketee
Richard W
RW
ter Kuile
Feiko O
FO
Latif
Ahmed S
AS
Kamali
Anatoli
A
Hayes
Richard J
RJ
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission