Spectrum of styrene-induced DNA adducts: the relationship to other biomarkers and prospects in human biomonitoring.
Styrene is an important industrial chemical that has shown genotoxicity in many toxicology assays. This is believed to be related to the DNA-binding properties of styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), a major metabolite of styrene. In this review, we have summarized knowledge on various aspects of styrene genotoxicity, especially in order to understand the formation and removal of primary DNA lesions, and the usefulness of biomarkers for risk assessment. Biological significances of specific DNA adducts and their role in the cascade of genotoxic events are discussed. Links between markers of external and internal exposure are evaluated, as well as metabolic aspects leading to the formation of DNA adducts and influencing biomarkers of biological effect. Finally, we suggest a design of a population study, which may contribute to our understanding genotoxic events in the exposure either to single xenobiotic or complex mixture.
Vodicka
Pavel
P
Laboratory of Developmental and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academic Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 14220 4, Prague, Czech Republic. pvodicka@biomed.cas.cz
Koskinen
Mikko
M
Arand
Michael
M
Oesch
Franz
F
Hemminki
Kari
K
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D015415:Biomarkers; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020058:Styrene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D020058:Styrene; D004247:DNA; C013690:styrene oxide