title: Tenoscopic-assisted treatment of open digital flexor tendon sheath injuries in horses: 20 cases (1992-2001).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine history, physical and diagnostic examination findings, medical treatment, and outcome of horses with open injuries to the digital flexor tendon sheath treated with the assistance of tenoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Betrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 20 horses with open injuries to the digital flexor tendon sheath were reviewed. Signalment, history, physical and diagnostic examination results, bacteriologic culture and susceptibility testing results, surgical and medical treatments, and follow-up examination results were determined. Outcome was determined by use of telephone interview or physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All horses were treated with tenoscopic-assisted lavage and debridement. Eighteen horses survived, and 2 were euthanatized during treatment. All horses were either grade-4 or grade-5 lame before treatment. Ten horses returned to previous use. Four horses were considered mildly lame and in athletic use. Three horses were considered mechanically lame and are in use with reduced expectations. One horse was lost to follow-up after being sold. One horse was euthanatized for financial reasons and 1 because of complications from regional sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenoscopy appears to be a useful modality in the treatment of open injury to the digital flexor tendon sheath in horses. Direct viewing, guided debridement, and targeted large-volume lavage are advantages obtained with intrathecal arthroscopy. Tenoscopy, when combined with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment, appears to offer a good chance of survival for affected horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5606, USA.
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Frees
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lillich
authors.forename: Earl M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gaughan
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: DeBowes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003646:Debridement / Q000662:veterinary; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome