title: Prognostic value of two-dimensional echocardiography and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide following an acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of baseline values (2-7 days) and changes at 3 months in patients with a preserved systolic function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate the relationship of left ventricular volumes, systolic function and plasma N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (Nt-proANP) to cardiac morbidity and mortality in post-myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular ejection fraction > or =40%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-dimensional echocardiographic recordings and Nt-proANP measurements were obtained in 834 patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. Patients were examined at 2-7 days and 3 months after the index infarction and followed up for 24 months. All measurements of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and Nt-proANP were performed in core laboratories. During follow-up 102 patients sustained one or more incidents of the combined primary end-point: cardiac death (n=11), recurrent infarction (n=55) or heart failure requiring hospitalization or treatment with an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic (n=52). Using Cox proportional hazards model, baseline Nt-proANP predicted these events (chi-square 25.3, P<0.0001), while baseline echo volumes and ejection fraction did not. During the subsequent 3-24 month period, 51 patients suffered a primary end-point: cardiac death (n=9), recurrent infarction (n=29), heart failure (n=21). An increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume was the strongest predictor for adverse events (chi-square 19.1, P<0.0001), especially for heart failure. Individual changes in Nt-proANP did not predict cardiac events, whereas both echocardiographic variables and Nt-proANP measured at 3 months had a prognostic impact on subsequent cardiac events (3-24 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction > or =40%) baseline Nt-proANP, but not echocardiographic left ventricular volumes predicted adverse cardiac events. Early changes in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from baseline to 3 months had a further prognostic impact on subsequent events (3-24 months).
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Vestfold Central Hospital, Toensberg, Norway.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Otterstad
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: St  John Sutton
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Froeland
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skjaerpe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D009664:Norway; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C099254:N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; D011498:Protein Precursors; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor