title: Multiple sclerosis: low-frequency temporal blood oxygen level-dependent fluctuations indicate reduced functional connectivity initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation of low-frequency blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations on magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained of the left- and right-hemisphere primary motor regions in healthy control subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy volunteers and 20 patients with MS underwent MR imaging with a 1.5-T imager by using a protocol designed to monitor low-frequency BOLD fluctuations. Data for low-frequency BOLD fluctuations were acquired with subjects at rest and during continuous performance of a bilateral finger-tapping task. These data were low-pass filtered (<0.08 Hz), and cross correlations of all acquired pixels to a region of interest in the left precentral gyrus were calculated. Confidence levels were calculated from the cross correlations. The fraction of pixels in the right precentral gyrus above a confidence level of 95% for correlation with the left precentral gyrus was calculated for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A plot of the fraction of the right precentral gyrus with high correlation with the left precentral gyrus for the finger-tapping state versus the resting state showed a clear discrimination between patients with MS and control subjects. Compared with control subjects, patients with MS generally had a smaller fraction of the pixels in the right precentral gyrus above the confidence level. This finding indicates that our method results in greater than 60% sensitivity and 100% specificity for discriminating patients with MS from control subjects. No significant correlation was found between clinical measures of MS disease and correlations of low-frequency BOLD fluctuations between left and right precentral gyri.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the connectivity measure of low-frequency BOLD fluctuations, patients with MS exhibited lower functional connectivity between right- and left-hemisphere primary motor cortices when compared with that in control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, CL 157, 541 Clinical Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5111, USA. mjlowe@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Micheal D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lurito
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzemidzic
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mathews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen