title: The relationship of race/ethnicity and social class to hormone replacement therapy: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use a nationally representative sample to examine the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and its relationship to different markers of social class in American women 60 years of age and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination. Between 1988 and 1994, 3,479 women aged 60 to 90+ years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks and much older women were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the number of women who reported ever having used HRT was 37% [confidence interval (CI), 33%-40%] of all women older than 60 years of age; 40% (CI, 37%-41%) of older, non-Hispanic white women; 20% (CI, 14%-25%) of non-Hispanic black women; and 24% (CI, 20%-29%) of Mexican American women. HRT was used by 43% (CI, 38%-47%) of women 60 to 70 years old, 37% (CI, 32%-41%) of those 71 to 80 years old, and 20% (CI, 13%-26%) of women older than 80. HRT use was lowest among women who did not complete high school or among those in the lowest family income categories. Among women more than 60 years old who reported having a hysterectomy, 51% (CI, 47%-55%) reported using HRT, whereas only 20% (CI, 17%-23%) of those who had a natural menopause reported using HRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although many women can benefit from HRT, the number of American women who report they have ever used it remains low. More research is needed to examine the implications of racial differences in compliance, patient and physician attitudes toward HRT, and possible environmental barriers that may prevent use.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman-Koss
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Michele F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bellantoni
authors.forename: Ross E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000208:ethnology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology