title: Effect of St John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  St John's wort is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement and herbal remedy that has been implicated in drug interactions with several substrates of P-glycoprotein. The effect of St John's wort on P-glycoprotein activity in vivo was examined with use of fexofenadine as selective probe drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-period, open-label, fixed-schedule study design was used. Fexofenadine, 60 mg, was administered orally before administration of St John's wort, with a single dose of St John's wort (900 mg), and after 2 weeks of treatment with St John's wort (300 mg 3 times a day) to determine P-glycoprotein activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single dose of St John's wort significantly (P <.05) increased the maximum plasma concentration of fexofenadine by 45% and significantly (P <.05) decreased the oral clearance by 20%, with no change in half-life or renal clearance. Long-term administration of St John's wort did not cause a significant change in fexofenadine disposition relative to the untreated phase. Compared with the single-dose treatment phase, long-term St John's wort caused a significant 35% decrease (P <.05) in maximum plasma concentration and a significant 47% increase (P <.05) in fexofenadine oral clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose of St John's wort resulted in a significant inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Long-term treatment with St John's wort reversed the changes in fexofenadine disposition observed with single-dose administration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Zaiqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.forename: Shiew-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lesko
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D020902:Hypericum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D016593:Terfenadine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D016593:Terfenadine; C093230:fexofenadine