title: Calcineurin phosphatase in signal transduction: lessons from fission yeast.
abstract: Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B), the only serine/threonine phosphatase under the control of Ca2+/calmodulin, is an important mediator in signal transmission, connecting the Ca2+-dependent signalling to a wide variety of cellular responses. Furthermore, calcineurin is specifically inhibited by the immunosuppressant drugs cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506), and these drugs have been a powerful tool for identifying many of the roles of calcineurin. Calcineurin is enriched in the neural tissues, and also distributes broadly in other tissues. The structure of the protein is highly conserved from yeast to man. The combined use of powerful genetics and of specific calcineurin inhibitors in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) identified new components of the calcineurin pathway, and defined new roles of calcineurin in the regulation of the many cellular processes. Recent data has revealed functional interactions in which calcineurin phosphatase is involved, such as the cross-talk between the Pmk1 MAP kinase signalling, or the PI signalling. Calcineurin also participates in membrane traffic and cytokinesis of fission yeast through its functional connection with members of the small GTPase Rab/Ypt family, and Type II myosin, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of fission yeast genetic studies to elucidate conserved elements of signal transduction cascades.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genome Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Susie O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Sio
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shuntoh
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuno
mesh_terms: D019703:Calcineurin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008954:Models, Biological; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C120817:calcineurin phosphatase; D019703:Calcineurin; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases