title: An analysis of long-term venous access catheters in cancer patients:experience from a tertiary care centre in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous access is crucial for cancer management for administration of drugs blood products, antibiotics and periodic sampling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience of long-term venous access devices used over a ten-year period and to analyse the outcome in cancer patients in Indian setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of data in a tertiary care Regional cancer centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 patients with various malignancies requiring long-term venous access were included in the study. A uniform open cut down procedure under local anaesthesia was used and silastic Hickman catheters were inserted in the cephalic or external jugular or internal jugular veins. A record of all complications and catheter loss and final out come were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 111 catheters were used in 110 patients. Sixty-nine catheters were placed in cephalic, 40 in external jugular, and 2 in internal jugular vein. Duration of catheter indwelling period ranged from 7 to 365 days with a median of 120 days. In 90% of the cases the catheter tip was located either in superior vena cava or in right atrium. Total catheter related complications were observed in 37 (34.54%) patients and catheter loss rate due to complications was 15.4% (17/111).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term venous access using Hickman catheter insertion by open cut down method is a simple, safe and reliable method for administration of chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics and blood products. The incidence of various complications and catheter loss was acceptable and overall patient satisfaction was good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. shuklank2@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S V S
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Deo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies