title: Perceptions of state public health officers and state veterinarians regarding risks of bioterrorism in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess perceptions of state public health officers and state veterinarians in the United States regarding the risks of bioterrorism and determine the degree of support provided for activities related to bioterrorism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  State public health officers and state veterinarians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent between April and June 2001 to the state public health officer and state veterinarian in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceptions of the risk of bioterrorism attacks were similar for state public health officers and state veterinarians. Veterinarians perceived the risks associated with foot-and-mouth disease and Newcastle disease to be higher than did physicians. State veterinarians perceived the risks associated with an anthrax hoax, brucellosis, and ricin toxicosis to be lower than did state public health officers. Risk posed by agents that affected animals exclusively was perceived to be higher than risk posed by agents that affected humans exclusively and zoonotic agents. Number of full-time-equivalent positions devoted to bioterrorism surveillance and percentage of the budget devoted to bioterrorism activities were significantly lower for offices run by state veterinarians than for offices run by state public health officers. State veterinarians were significantly less likely to have knowledge of bioterrorism incidents within their state or district than were state public health officers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provision of additional resources to state veterinarians and explicit integration of their expertise and surveillance capabilities may be important to effectively mitigate the risk of bioterrorism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
authors.forename: R Steven
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tharratt
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hird
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000453:epidemiology; D023482:Bioterrorism; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D018563:Disease Notification; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D018634:Veterinarians / Q000523:psychology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine