title: [Stereotactic telepresence in otorhinolaryngologic surgery].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) navigation systems determine spatial positions and visualize them in radiological data sets. Usually, data from 3-D computed tomography (CT) are used. We have successfully implemented "augmented reality" in routine clinical practice by superimposing positional data and guiding and ancillary structures on the live endoscopic video of the operating site. Thus, optimal access paths and anatomical structures such as the a. carotis interna or the n. opticus can be displayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With modern telecommunication, any two locations can be connected for intraoperative consultations with a remote expert, and 3D navigation is an ideal complement. We have successfully tested telephone, ISDN, Ethernet, and ATM technology intraoperatively and find that the ARTMA system provides well-developed technology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic telepresence can provide essential aid in difficult surgical procedures, and the ARTMA Knowledge-Guided Surgery system will contribute further to the optimization of computer-assisted surgery.
authors.affiliation: 4D-Visualisierung, Klinische Abteilung für allgemeine Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenerkrankungen, Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universität Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Osterreich. Wolfgang.Freysinger@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Freysinger
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Truppe
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gunkel
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Thumfart
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020407:Internet / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008838:Microcomputers; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000295:instrumentation; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012985:Software Design; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface