title: Motor cortical excitability in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a method to examine cortico-cortical motor excitability and hemispheric asymmetry in unmedicated and medicated schizophrenia patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen right-handed schizophrenia patients (seven on conventional neuroleptics and seven medication-free) were compared with seven right-handed, age- and gender-matched normal control subjects. Motor threshold for induction of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and bihemispheric intracortical inhibition and facilitation were measured with single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medicated patients showed an approximately 5% higher motor thresholds in both hemispheres than unmedicated patients and control subjects. Normal control subjects had a nearly 10% higher threshold for the left than the right hemisphere, whereas the opposite was true for the patient groups (5-10% higher threshold on the right than the left). Medicated patients showed significantly decreased intracortical inhibition relative to unmedicated patients and control subjects. This difference was more pronounced for the right than for the left hemisphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with conventional neuroleptics is associated with increased motor threshold and decreased intracortical inhibition, whereas unmedicated patients did not differ from normal control subjects on these measures; however, schizophrenia may be characterized by a reversed pattern of interhemispheric corticospinal excitability.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
authors.forename: Dara S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Manoach
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents