title: The relationships among Black consciousness, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy in African American men.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among Black consciousness, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy in African American men. The participants were 120 African American male college students at a predominantly African American university. The authors administered 3 instruments--the Developmental Inventory of Black Consciousness (DIB-C; J. Milliones, 1980), the M. Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale, and R. E. Wood and E. A. Locke's (1987) Academic Self-Efficacy Scale--to test the hypotheses. They used an independent-measures t test and a Pearson r correlation to analyze the data. The results of the study supported the hypotheses under investigation. Significant positive relationships were found between Black consciousness and self-esteem and Black consciousness and academic self-efficacy. The results of the study showed that Black consciousness appears to be an important construct to use in understanding self-esteem and academic self-efficacy in African American men.
authors.affiliation: School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901-4450, USA.
authors.forename: Allan Prince
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Okech
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003243:Consciousness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010553:Personality Development; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy