title: Outcome study of psychological distress and nonspecific symptoms in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy. The appropriate management of its mild form, however, remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Mild primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with psychological distress and other nonspecific symptoms that improve following parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-year prospective before-after study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six consecutive patients with mild hypercalcemia (<12 mg/dL [<3 mmol/L]) due to primary hyperparathyroidism, without osteitis fibrosa cystica or urolithiasis were enrolled from January 11, 1997, through April 21, 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome was psychological distress as measured by the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included body weight, joint pain, and occurrences of bowel movements and urination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, 15 patients (58%; 95% confidence interval, 37%-77%) showed psychological distress (case group) while 11 patients did not (noncase group). A clinically and statistically significant reduction in the General Health Questionnaire score was detected at 3 months in the case group (-6.1; 95% confidence interval, -11.0 to -1.2), but the reduction was smaller (-1.9; 95% confidence interval, -6.9 to 3.0) at 24 months after surgery. No significant change in the General Health Questionnaire score was observed in the noncase group during the follow-up. No significant change was noted in any of the secondary outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological distress was associated with mild primary hyperparathyroidism and was ameliorated after surgery. The improvement, however, was limited in extent and duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamo
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016896:Treatment Outcome