title: Occupational risk factors for small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study.
abstract: Small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC) is a rare disease of unknown etiology but with an age-, sex-, and place-specific occurrence that may indicate an occupational origin. A European multicenter population-based case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident SBC cases between 35 and 69 years of age (n = 101) were identified, together with 3335 controls sampled from the catchment area of the cases. Histological review performed by a reference pathologist left 99 cases for study; 84 cases and 2070 population controls were interviewed. The industries most closely associated (a twofold or more odds ratio [OR]) with SBC, taking into account a 10-year time lag after exposure were, among women, employment in wholesale industry of food and beverages (OR, 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 34.9]) and among men, manufacture of motor vehicle bodies (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 22.4), footwear (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 0.9 to 16.1), and metal structures (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 10.4). The identified high-risk occupations with an OR above 2 were shoemakers, structural metal preparers, construction painters and other construction workers, bookkeepers, machine fitters, and welders (men). The OR for regular occupational use of organic solvents for at least half a year was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.2). Exposure to rust-preventive paint containing lead was suggested as another potential occupational exposure (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 107). This explorative study suggests an association between certain occupational exposures and SBC, but some of these associations could be attributable to chance. All findings should be regarded as tentative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. L.kaerlev@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaerlev
authors.forename: Peter Stubbe
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Teglbjaerg
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabroe
authors.forename: Henrik A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kolstad
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guénel
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hardell
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cyr
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Morales Suárez-Varela
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.forename: Jorn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors