title: Dynamic modeling of the neck muscles during horizontal head movement.
abstract: This paper presents modeling and simulation of superficial neck muscle movement in the horizontal plane (yaw). The parametric muscle model was constructed using Pro/Engineer 2000i Student Edition, Parametric Technologies Corp, and simulated using Pro/Mechanica. Pennation angles, force-tension, force-generation and rate of muscle activation data were obtained from anatomic and physiological studies. Saccadic eye movement models developed by G. Alexander Korentis and John Enderle also provided the basis for this model.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, U-157, Storrs, CT 06269-2157, USA.
authors.forename: Stephenie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Enderle
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*