title: Individual differences in children's cortisol response to the beginning of a new school year.
abstract: The relationship between salivary cortisol levels at the beginning of the school year and parent reports of temperament using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) were investigated in 35 first graders. Cortisol was sampled in the morning, afternoon, and evening on the first and fifth days of school and two weekend days later in the school year. On the first day of school compared to weekend days, children displayed a steeper cortisol slope across the day due to lower afternoon and evening levels. By the fifth day of school, cortisol levels, on average, were not different than on weekend days. However, using change scores to reflect the response to school days relative to weekend days, children who scored higher in Surgency (i.e., enjoyment of intense play, high activity level, impulsivity, lack of shyness) continued to display a steeper cortisol slope on the fifth day of school with higher morning and lower evening cortisol levels. In contrast, shyness, which negatively contributes to Surgency, was positively correlated with evening change scores on the fifth day of school.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Development, 51 East River Road, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. bruce009@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Elysia Poggi
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gunnar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012574:Schools; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone