Diversity considerations in HIV-1 vaccine selection.
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is extraordinarily variable, and this diversity poses a major obstacle to AIDS vaccine development. Currently, candidate vaccines are derived from isolates, with the hope that they will be sufficiently cross-reactive to protect against circulating viruses. This may be overly optimistic, however, given that HIV-1 envelope proteins can differ in more than 30% of their amino acids. To contend with the diversity, country-specific vaccines are being considered, but evolutionary relationships may be more useful than regional considerations. Consensus or ancestor sequences could be used in vaccine design to minimize the genetic differences between vaccine strains and contemporary isolates, effectively reducing the extent of diversity by half.
Gaschen
Brian
B
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Taylor
Jesse
J
Yusim
Karina
K
Foley
Brian
B
Gao
Feng
F
Lang
Dorothy
D
Novitsky
Vladimir
V
Haynes
Barton
B
Hahn
Beatrice H
BH
Bhattacharya
Tanmoy
T
Korber
Bette
B
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D003429:Cross Reactions; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens