title: Lipid products of PI(3)Ks maintain persistent cell polarity and directed motility in neutrophils.
abstract: In gradients of external chemo-attractant, mammalian neutrophilic leukocytes (neutrophils) and Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae adopt a polarized morphology and selectively accumulate lipid products of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases (PI(3)Ks), including PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), at their up-gradient edges; the internal PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) gradient substantially exceeds that of the external attractant. An accompanying report presents evidence for a positive feedback loop that amplifies the gradient of internal signal: PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) at the leading edge stimulates its own accumulation by inducing activation of one or more Rho GTPases (Rac, Cdc42, and/or Rho), which in turn increase PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) accumulation. Here we show that interruption of this feedback by treatment with PI(3)K inhibitors reduces the size and stability of pseudopods and causes cells to migrate in jerky trajectories that deviate more from the up-gradient direction than do those of controls. Moreover, amplification of the internal PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) gradient is markedly impaired by latrunculin or jasplakinolide, toxins that inhibit polymerization or depolymerization of actin, respectively. Thus reciprocal interplay between PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and polymerized actin initiates and maintains the asymmetry of intracellular signals responsible for cell polarity and directed motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450, USA.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herzmark
authors.forename: Orion D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Servant
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004023:Dictyostelium; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000187:drug effects; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; C057531:jasplakinolide; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C037068:latrunculin B