title: Resource utilization by children with developmental disabilities in Kenya: discrepancy analysis of parents' expectation-to-importance appraisals.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe parental perceptions of eight physical and human resources available to meet the needs of children with developmental disabilities in Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the discrepancy between the importance parents attached to specified resources and the expected use of those resources by their children with developmental disabilities. Discrepancy analysis was conducted on parents' expectation-to-importance appraisals of eight resources identified in previous research including, health, education, friendships, husband/wife, religious organization, community membership/acceptance, employment/work, and home. Overall, parental appraisal of likely access-to-importance was significantly related across all eight physical and human resource areas. Discrepancy scores ranged from negative, through zero, to positive, categorized underutilized, congruent, and over-utilized, respectively. Chi-square analyses were non-significant for gender across all resources with only slight gender differences noted on three resources. Most parents reported a match between expected use and importance in five of the eight community resources, health (57.4%), friends (54.6%), religious affiliation (59.8%), acceptance in the community (60.3%), and having one's own home (62.6%). However, "husband/wife" fell outside the congruent range (50.4%), with slight gender differences noted. Finally, two resource areas where the majority of parents reported noncongruence were educational programs and employment/career service.
authors.affiliation: College of Education, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0232, USA. kmutua@bamaed.ua.edu
authors.forename: N Kagendo
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mutua
authors.forename: Janice Williams
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Mwarumba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mwavita
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003906:Developing Countries; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010290:Parents; D014600:Utilization Review