title: Toxicological studies in tropical ecosystems: an ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticide runoff in South Florida estuarine ecosystems.
abstract: A multiyear study in the C-111 canal system and associated sites in Florida Bay was undertaken to determine the potential pesticide risk that exists in South Florida. After the examination of extensive pesticide concentration data in surface water, tissues, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), canal contamination seems to be derived from the extensive agricultural production that drains into the C-111 canal. The results of this study indicate that runoff from agricultural processes led to quantifiable pesticide residues in both canal and bay surface water, which occasionally exceeded current water quality criteria. The major pesticide of concern was endosulfan, which was detected at 100% of the sites sampled. Endosulfan exposure did not cause any acute effects in fish and crustaceans deployed in field bioassays. Chronic effects were observed in copepods, clams, and oysters but could not be attributed to endosulfan exposure. The decision to alter the C-111 canal flow and allow increased freshwater flow into the adjacent Everglades National Park may result in discharges of pesticides into the Everglades. Continued monitoring in this area is needed during this change in flow regime.
authors.affiliation: Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Daugomah
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bearden
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Strozier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeLorenzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Macauley
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: LaCroix
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kucklick
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects; D017753:Ecosystem; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D005431:Florida; D008974:Mollusca / Q000187:drug effects; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D014873:Water Pollutants; D004726:Endosulfan