title: Respiratory response to mechanical stimulation of the gallbladder.
abstract: Since stimuli from abdominal or pelvic viscera can affect respiratory muscle function, we hypothesized that mechanical stimulation of the gallbladder would result in inhibition of motor activity to the diaphragm and to upper airway muscles. We studied 12 decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats and recorded hypoglossal (HG) and phrenic (PHR) nerve activities while applying 600-1000 g of traction on the gallbladder during four respiratory cycles. Traction resulted in an initial reduction of PHR activity to 87.6+/-15.0% (mean+/-S.D.% of its baseline value), a reduction of HG activity to 74.2+/-27.5% and a lengthening of expiratory time to 178.8+/-81.0%. Subsequently, PHR activity and expiratory time returned toward control values, while HG remained diminished, at 66.4+/-19.1%. Our results show that mechanical stimulation of the gallbladder results in a respiratory inhibition with a disproportionate reduction in HG activity relative to PHR discharge. We speculate that gallbladder stimulation by contractions or surgery may compromise breathing by inhibition of phrenic discharge and upper airway obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. stella@tcnj.edu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Knuth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D003655:Decerebrate State; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012119:Respiration; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D014628:Vagotomy