title: Apple has two orthologues of FLORICAULA/LEAFY involved in flowering.
abstract: Two orthologues of FLORICAULA/LEAFY AFL1 and AFL2 (apple FLO/LFY), were isolated from the floral buds of apple trees. Their expression was detected in various tissues and during differentiation of the floral buds. Furthermore, the flowering effectiveness of each gene was assessed with transgenic Arabidopsis. Both AFL1 and AFL2 showed high homology to each other (90%) and a high degree of similarity to PTLF and PEAFLO (70%), which are homologues of FLO/LFY from poplar and pea, respectively. RNA blot analysis showed that AFL1 was expressed only in the floral bud during the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, whereas AFL2 was expressed in vegetative shoot apex, floral buds, floral organs and root. Genomic Southern analysis showed that apple had other homologues in addition to AFL1 and AFL2. The transgenic Arabidopsis with over-expressed AFL2 showed accelerated flowering and gave rise to several solitary flowers from rosette axils directly. AFL1 had similar effects, but the phenotypes of the transgenic Arabidopsis with AFL1 were weaker than those with AFL2. These results suggest that both genes are involved in flower differentiation in apple.
authors.affiliation: Apple Research Center, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka, Iwate, Japan. mwada@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Qiu-fen
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kotoda
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D027845:Malus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; C074747:LFY protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors