title: Complications and functional outcome following artificial anal sphincter implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The postoperative complications and functional outcome following 24 consecutive implantations of an artificial anal sphincter were assessed prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 artificial anal sphincters (Acticon Neosphincter) were implanted in 22 patients (mean age 47 years). The mean follow-up period was 28 (range 6-48) months. Results were assessed prospectively by two independent observers at 4-month intervals. The cumulative probability of artificial anal sphincter removal was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients were free of complications. During the postoperative period, complications occurred in nine patients, two of whom required reoperation. During follow-up, complications developed in ten patients, nine of whom were reoperated. Definitive device explantation was necessary in seven patients. The cumulative probability of device explantation was 44 per cent at 48 months. The 15 patients with functioning implants were followed up for a mean of 26 (range 7-48) months. Continence grading improved from a mean of 18 (range 14-20) in the preoperative period to 4 (range 0-14) after operation (P < 0.001). Resting anal canal pressure in patients with a functioning implant increased from a mean of 35 (range 8-87) mmHg before operation to 54 (range 34-70) mmHg after implantation (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An artificial anal sphincter is a useful alternative for refractory faecal incontinence but the incidence of late postoperative complications is high.
authors.affiliation: Units of Coloproctology, Departments of Surgery, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. HHORTIZ@teleline.es
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Armendariz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeMiguel
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alós
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Roig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal; D001187:Artificial Organs / Q000009:adverse effects; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome