title: p38 kinase regulates nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of articular chondrocytes by accumulating p53 via NFkappa B-dependent transcription and stabilization by serine 15 phosphorylation.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) during primary culture of articular chondrocytes causes apoptosis via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in association with elevation of p53 protein level, caspase-3 activation, and differentiation status. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanism by which p38 kinase induces apoptosis through activation of p53. We report here that NO-induced activation of p38 kinase leads to activation of NFkappaB, which in turn induces transcription of the p53 gene. Activated p38 kinase also physically associates and phosphorylates the serine 15 residue of p53, which results in accumulation of p53 protein during NO-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of wild-type p53 enhanced NO-induced apoptosis, whereas expression of a dominant negative p53 blocked it, indicating that p53 plays an essential role in NO-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. The increased accumulation of p53 caused expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that is known to cause apoptosis via release of cytochrome c and caspase activation. These results suggest that NO-activated p38 kinase activates p53 function in two different ways, transcriptional activation by NFkappaB and direct phosphorylation of p53 protein, leading to apoptosis of articular chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
authors.forename: Song-Ja
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Deug Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Shin-Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jang-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011817:Rabbits; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012694:Serine; D008156:Luciferases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases