Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe: legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
Knowledge concerning genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe is scarce. Data on the legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection have never been collected, summarised, and presented to the international scientific community. The aim of this study was to present the current situation on the main aspects of chlamydial infections in the countries of eastern Europe.


METHODS
Written questionnaires concerning legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection were distributed among national STI operating administrators as well as researchers who had presented papers at earlier meetings of European chlamydia or STI societies.


RESULTS
Most of the countries have not legalised reporting of chlamydial infections and in those who have done so, the quality of the reporting system is poor. Contact tracing is mostly done on a voluntary basis. Reported chlamydia incidence varies from 21 to 276 per 100000 inhabitants. The most commonly used diagnostic test remains the direct immunofluorescence test; however, some tendencies towards nucleic acid amplification are in evidence. Diagnostic services are paid for by the patient himself, while treatment in many countries is partially or completely covered by public insurance.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report summarising data concerning the situation on C trachomatis infections in eastern Europe. The reporting system and diagnosis of C trachomatis infections remain suboptimal, which allows neither control of the epidemiological situation nor optimal treatment of the patients. The most urgent work currently necessary is the education of professionals and the general population.
Domeika
M
M
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Marius.Domeika@medsci.uu.se
Hallén
A
A
Karabanov
L
L
Chudomirova
K
K
Gruber
F
F
Unzeitig
V
V
Pöder
A
A
Deak
J
J
Jakobsone
I
I
Lapinskaite
G
G
Dajek
Z
Z
Akovbian
V
V
Gomberg
M
M
Khryanin
A
A
Savitcheva
A
A
Takac
I
I
Glazkova
L
L
Vinograd
N
N
Nedeljkovic
M
M
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016527:Drug Costs; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin; D004318:Doxycycline