title: Postoperative nausea and vomiting after craniotomy for tumor surgery: a comparison between awake craniotomy and general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients following an awake craniotomy compared to general anesthesia for tumor surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational and chart review of all patients having a craniotomy for tumor during one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  187 patients were reviewed. 107 patients who had a craniotomy for supratentorial tumor that was less than six hours in duration were analyzed and compared (50 awake craniotomy vs. 57 general anesthesia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for events after the first four hours until discharge. The occurrence and the time of any nausea, vomiting; the administration of antiemetics and analgesic drugs; and complications were documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of nausea, vomiting, administration of antiemetics and analgesia, and outcome between the two groups were compared using Chi-square and Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of nausea (4% vs. 23%; p = 0.012) and vomiting (0% vs. 11%; p = 0.052) were less in patients having an awake craniotomy compared to general anesthesia, but only during the first four hours. The administration of postoperative analgesia was not different between the two groups and did not influence the frequency of PONV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of PONV during the initial recovery phase was less in patients having an awake craniotomy for tumor surgery than in patients having a similar procedure with general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8. Pirjo.Manninen@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Pirjo H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Manninen
authors.forename: Tong Khee
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics