title: Tumor necrosis factor induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells by increasing Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and suppressing Bcl-2 expression.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an import role in the control of apoptosis. The most well known apoptotic pathway regulated by TNF involves the TNFR1-associated death domain protein, Fas-associated death domain protein, and caspase-8. This study examines the mechanism of TNF-induced apoptosis in FaO rat hepatoma cells. TNF treatment significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. TNF did not activate caspase-8 but activated caspase-3, -10, and -12. The effect of TNF on the expression of different members of the Bcl-2 family in these cells was studied. We observed no detectable changes in the steady-state levels of Bcl-X(L), Bax, and Bid, although TNF suppresses Bcl-2 expression. Dantrolene suppressed the inhibitory effect of TNF on Bcl-2 expression. TNF induced release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that was blocked by dantrolene. Importantly, the expression of Bcl-2 blocked TNF-induced apoptosis and decreased TNF-induced Ca(2+) release. These results suggest that TNF induces apoptosis by a mechanism that involves increasing Ca(2+) release from the ER and suppression of Bcl-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Byung-Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heung-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mizuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamura
authors.forename: Indu S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ambudkar
authors.forename: Kyeong-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D003620:Dantrolene; D002118:Calcium