title: Immune mediators in allergic rhinitis and sleep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study goal was to examine polysomnography, indices of sleep and allergy, and serum and nasal cytokines in allergic and nonallergic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive, exploratory study, 4 allergic and 4 nonallergic subjects underwent 2 nights of polysomnographic recording with serial measurements of cytokines and completed measures of sleep quality and allergic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three serum cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-4, and IL-10) were higher in allergic subjects and were termed proallergic. Three serum cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-2, and IL-12) were higher in nonallergic subjects and were termed allergy inhibitory. Proallergic serum cytokines correlated with increased latency to rapid eye movement sleep, decreased time in rapid eye movement sleep, and decreased latency to sleep onset. Low levels of allergy-inhibitory serum cytokines were associated with increased allergic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in serum cytokines between allergic and nonallergic individuals are associated with variations in polysomnography and allergic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding these mechanisms may suggest novel approaches to alleviating drowsiness and other symptoms in allergic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. hjkrouse@wayne.edu
authors.forename: Helene J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Krouse
authors.forename: Jean E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4