title: The role of p38 map kinase in tumor necrosis factor-induced redistribution of vascular endothelial cadherin and increased endothelial permeability.
abstract: The mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) increases endothelial permeability is unclear. Vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin (cadherin 5) is an important contributor to endothelial monolayer integrity. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of TNFalpha on VE-cadherin cell-surface expression and to identify the signaling pathways involved in TNF-induced changes in cadherin expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer permeability was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for biotin-labeled albumin. Immunofluorescence, laser confocal microscopy, and Western immunobloting were used to assess VE cadherin distribution. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity was determined using functional kinase assays and was inhibited with the compounds SB202190 and PD98059. TNFalpha significantly increased permeability and induced p38 and ERK MAPK activation compared with controls (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with a loss of membrane-associated VE cadherin. Inhibition of p38 but not ERK MAPK significantly reduced the effect of TNFalpha on endothelial permeability and cell-surface VE cadherin expression. p38 MAP kinase activation appears to be an important upstream signaling event associated with increased endothelial permeability and vascular endothelial cadherin redistribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 76092, USA.
authors.forename: Fiemu E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Nwariaku
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Nabil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Halaihel
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Turnage
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011725:Pyridines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099152:Cadherin 5; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one