title: PRKX, a phylogenetically and functionally distinct cAMP-dependent protein kinase, activates renal epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis.
abstract: The human protein kinase X gene (PRKX) is a member of an ancient family of cAMP-dependent serine/threonine kinases here shown to be phylogenetically distinct from the classical PKA, PKB/Akt, PKC, SGK, and PKG gene families. Renal expression of the PRKX gene is developmentally regulated and restricted to the ureteric bud epithelium of the fetal metanephric kidney. Aberrant adult kidney expression of PRKX was found in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PRKX kinase expression markedly activated migration of cultured renal epithelial cells in the presence of cAMP; this effect was blocked by cell treatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 and was not observed in PKA-transfected cells. In addition, expression of PRKX kinase activated branching morphogenesis of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in collagen gels even in the absence of cAMP and/or hepatocyte growth factor, an effect not seen with either PKA expression or expression of a mutant, kinase-inactivated PRKX. These results suggest that the PRKX kinase may regulate epithelial morphogenesis during mammalian kidney development. Because another member of the PRKX gene family (the Dictyostelium discoideum gene KAPC-DICDI) also plays a role in cellular migration, these studies suggest that regulation of morphogenesis may be a distinctive property of these genes that has been conserved in evolution that is not shared with PKA family genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hsi-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amsler
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hyink
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C109450:PRKX protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases