title: Influence of phenol on cultures of acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper attempts to investigate the inhibition of phenol on the acetate utilization in acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetate-fed aerobic granules with a mean diameter of 1.0 mm were predeveloped in a column sequencing aerobic sludge blanket reactor. The present study looked into the utilization kinetics of acetate by acetate-fed aerobic granules in the presence of different phenol concentrations ranging from 0 mg l(-1) to 50 mg l(-1). For this purpose, batch experiments were conducted at 25 degrees C, while the initial biomass and acetate concentrations were in a range of 109-186 mg mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) l(-1) and 185-300 mg acetate-chemical oxygen demand (COD) l(-1). Results showed that the utilization of acetate in the presence of phenol was subject to a zero-order reaction kinetics. The relative phenol concentration in terms of the ratio of initial phenol concentration (C(p)) to initial biomass concentration (X(0)) was used to describe the real inhibitory strength of phenol imposed on acetate-fed aerobic granules. When the C(p)/X(0) ratio increased from 0 to 0.19 mg phenol mg(-1) MLSS, the zero-order reaction rate constant of acetate dropped from 1.15 mg l(-1) min(-1) to 0.38 mg l(-1) min(-1), and a similar trend was also observed in specific oxygen utilization rate. As compared to the control test without addition of phenol, the acetate-COD removal efficiency was reduced by nearly 50% at a C(p)/X(0) value of 0.19 mg phenol mg(-1) MLSS. It was found that biodegradation of phenol was negligible in acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge batch culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that phenol can seriously repress the utilization of acetate in the acetate-fed aerobic granular sludge batch cultures. A simple zero-order reaction model could adequately describe the utilization of acetate by acetate-fed aerobic granules in the presence of phenol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is expected that this study would lead to a better understanding of the behaviour of acetate-fed aerobic granules in the presence of inhibitory organic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. cyliu@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K -H
authors.initials: K-
authors.lastname: Woon
authors.forename: S -F
authors.initials: S-
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J -H
authors.initials: J-
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000332:Aerobiosis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D019800:Phenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003470:Culture Media; D012722:Sewage; D019800:Phenol