title: Recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer associated with adherent clot: a randomized study comparing endoscopic treatment with medical therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic therapy reduces the recurrence of bleeding from actively bleeding peptic ulcers and those with visible vessels. However, the use of endoscopic therapy for ulcers with adherent clots remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether removal of clot from an ulcer and endoscopic therapy reduces the frequency of recurrent bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with acute upper GI bleeding from peptic ulcers with adherent clots and no active bleeding were enrolled in a multicenter study. At each center patients were stratified for age, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and ulcer location, and were randomized to endoscopic or medical management. Endoscopic therapy consisted of injection of the base of the adherent clot with a solution of epinephrine and mechanical removal of the clot. The base of the ulcer and any stigmata of bleeding were then coagulated until cavitation and adequate coagulation were obtained. Patients in both groups received standard medical therapy for peptic ulcer. Patients were evaluated for recurrence of bleeding for 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients were enrolled. Rates of recurrent bleeding were 34.3% (12/35) in the medical treatment arm versus 4.8% (1/21) in the endoscopic treatment arm (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with GI bleeding caused by gastric or duodenal ulcers with an adherent clot found on endoscopy, endoscopic therapy with injection of the base of the clot, clot removal, and heat probe coagulation significantly reduces the rate of recurrent bleeding compared with medical therapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Tacoma Digestive Diseases, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bleau
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gostout
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Harford
authors.forename: Ray F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keate
authors.forename: Waldo P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Bracy
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fleischer
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation; D004724:Endoscopy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D009853:Omeprazole; D004837:Epinephrine