title: Somatic embryogenesis in elm.
abstract: We show that isolated zygotic embryos of Ulmus minor and U. glabra can produce embryogenic cultures provided they are isolated from immature seeds before storage proteins begin to accumulate. Rates of somatic embryogenesis were highest among zygotic embryos collected 6 weeks post-anthesis when they were at the midcotyledonary stage, were about 5 mm long and had a fresh weight of approx. 10 mg. At this time, induction was even possible in Murashige and Skoog basal medium with no plant growth regulators, but addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was necessary at earlier stages of zygotic development. In medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) only, no embryogenic induction was observed. The formation of callus was an essential step not only for the induction of embryogenic masses, but also for the maintenance of embryogenic competence through successive subculture of callus on induction media supplemented with 0.1 mg l(-1) BA. Nine embryogenic U. minor lines and 24 U. glabra lines have been maintained in this way for 3 years. However, conversion into plantlets has occurred only rarely.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corredoira
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vieitez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballester
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C014328:2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid