title: A 5-year study of the outcome of surgically treated depressed skull fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many changes and improvement have taken place in the management of head injured patients in the last 20 years. There have been few recent studies analysing the overall outcomes including early complications of depressed skull fractures. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the factors influencing the surgical outcome of patients with depressed skull fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed case notes of 73 consecutive surgically treated depressed skull fractures during the period from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1998 admitted to the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a male preponderance of 9:1. Alleged assault was the most common cause of depressed skull fractures followed by road traffic accidents. Postoperative infection rate was 8.2%. More than 80% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics. We failed to show any statistically significant association between the use of antibiotics and reduction of the rate of infection. However, prevalence of infection was significantly associated with brain contusion, low GCS score and dural tear (P < 0.05). Prevalence of early post-traumatic epilepsy was 12.3%. No patients received prophylactic anticonvulsants. There was no significant association between dural tear and prevalence of post-traumatic epilepsy. Mortality rate was 1.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paediatric populations have better outcome; 7 out of 10 patients in this series progressed to full recovery. Use of prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce the infection rate. Presence of dural tear was not associated with an increase risk of post-traumatic epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK. MrAlHaddad@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Haddad
authors.forename: Ramez
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirollos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003646:Debridement; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D020204:Skull Fracture, Depressed / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents