title: Spontaneous production of RANTES and antigen-specific IFN-gamma production in macaques vaccinated with SHIV-4 correlates with protection against SIVsm challenge.
abstract: The beta-chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, have been implicated as being some of the protective factors in the immune response against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have presented data previously indicating that these chemokines also play a role in protective immunity against HIV/SIV infection in macaques. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of beta-chemokines in eight cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with non-pathogenic SHIV-4 in relation to protection against pathogenic SIVsm challenge. Four control animals were also included in the study. Two of the vaccinated monkeys were completely protected and one was partially protected against the challenge virus. The monkeys that resisted infectious SIVsm virus challenge showed higher spontaneous beta-chemokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and had higher numbers of antigen-induced IFN-gamma secreting cells compared to the non-protected animals. Our observations support our previous findings that the genetic background of the host and/or environmental factors are involved in the chemokine production and that beta-chemokines contribute to protection against HIV/SIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden. raija.ahmed@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: R K S
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Makitalo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karlen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biberfeld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thorstensson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma