title: The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, Division 2 malocclusion.
abstract: Many clinicians hypothesize that retroclination of the maxillary central incisors in Class II, Division 2 malocclusion is caused by increased resting lip pressure against these teeth. The purpose of this study was (1) to verify this assumption by means of simultaneous lip-pressure measurements at two different levels on the maxillary central incisor crowns, and (2) to examine factors that could possibly contribute to the increased resting lip pressure. This is the first study to prove that individuals with Class II, Division 2 malocclusion (n = 21) have the upper central incisors exposed to significantly higher lip pressure than those with Class I malocclusion (n = 21). Our statistical evaluation revealed that this is primarily attributed to a high lip line and not to a hypertonic peri-oral musculature. We concluded that orthodontic treatment of Class II, Division 2 cases should include intrusion of the maxillary incisors, to eliminate the non-physiologically high pressure exerted by the lower lip on these teeth and, consequently, to reduce the high risk of a post-orthodontic relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg i.Br., Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. lapatkib@zmk2.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Lapatki
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mager
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte-Moenting
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004576:Electromyography; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008046:Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008437:Maxilla; D003765:Models, Dental; D011312:Pressure; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014160:Transducers, Pressure