title: Frameshift mutations of RIZ, but no point mutations in RIZ1 exons in malignant melanomas with deletions in 1p36.
abstract: Recently, the retinoblastoma protein interacting zinc finger gene RIZ has been proposed as a candidate for the tumor suppressor locus on 1p36, because of the common loss of RIZ1 RNA in human tumors. In addition, frameshift mutations of this gene have been demonstrated in a variety of tumors with microsatellite instability. Since alterations in this region have been described in malignant melanomas, we investigated DNA of paraffin-embedded sections from 16 typical naevi, 19 atypical naevi, 33 primary melanoma lesions and 25 metastases and DNA from four melanoma cell lines by PCR and direct sequencing analysis of RIZ. Frameshift mutations in the RIZ gene were found in 17% of melanoma samples and 8.6% of naevi, but we could not demonstrate any missense mutations in the exons of RIZ1. No LOH of the RIZ gene nor any microsatellite instability in six dinucleotide markers or in the mononucleotide repeats IGRIIR, hMSH3, and hMSH6 could be demonstrated in the samples with RIZ frameshift mutations. Although our results do not explain the high rate of deletions in 1p36 found in this tumor, they assign RIZ a potential role in the multi-step tumor forming process of malignant melanoma of the skin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt-University of Greifswald, Kuhstrasse 30, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany. poetsch@mail.uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poetsch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dittberner
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woenckhaus
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017354:Point Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C093563:PRDM2 protein, human