title: Noninvasive monitoring of human consciousness by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during high +Gz stress.
abstract: Noninvasive monitoring of the relative change in oxygen saturation (rSO2) in cerebral tissue by near-infrared multi-wavelength spectroscopy (NIRS) was investigated in humans under high acceleration (+Gz) stress. These profiles included sustained 15-second +Gz plateaus and repeated short duration +Gz pulses of varying duration. The end points in this study were loss of consciousness due to high +Gz exposure (GLOC). In many cases subjects demonstrated cognitive and physical symptoms related to reduced cerebral blood flow without frank unconscious, which has been called Almost Loss of Consciousness (ALOC). Both the rSO2 levels during and after the +Gz exposures and the total time subjects were incapacitated after GLOC were recorded. It was found that while the drop in rSO2 at the onset of GLOC was lower during pulse exposures as compared to sustained exposures, the total time to recovery from GLOC was longer during the sustained runs. By applying a better understanding of the nature and timing of +Gz-induced changes in cerebral tissue oxygenation, more efficient control systems for personal protective gear for pilots of high performance aircraft can be implemented.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Han C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ryoo
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hrebien
authors.forename: Barry S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shender
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018471:Hypergravity / Q000009:adverse effects; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen