title: Passage in mice causes a change in the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Oranienburg to survive NaCl osmotic stress: resuscitation from the viable but non-culturable state.
abstract: An outbreak caused by dried processed squids contaminated with Salmonella Oranienburg occurred in Japan in 1999. Isolates obtained from the causative food were resistant to NaCl osmotic stress, but isolates from the patients were sensitive to NaCl. Although strains from both sources were almost identical in their virulence in mice, a NaCl-resistant strain from food (Sa9911T) became NaCl-sensitive after passage in mice and a NaCl-sensitive strain from one patient (Sa99004) retained NaCl sensitivity after such passage. When dried squid was contaminated experimentally with both strains during processing, only Sa9911T was recovered directly from the final product. Nevertheless, the viability of the Sa99004 cells was over 90% found by fluorescent staining. We suggested that Sa99004 might become viable but non-culturable (VNC) by NaCl stress. This hypothesis was confirmed by resuscitation by efficient enrichment. We concluded that VNC S. Oranienburg would be potentially dangerous contaminants of NaCl-preserved foods and that measures to ensure their detection should be taken at the time of food inspection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Sou-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Asumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuri
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurazono
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirahata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D003890:Desiccation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D012692:Serial Passage; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012965:Sodium Chloride