title: A history of splinting: to understand the present, view the past.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify, using an intensive literature review, the primary historical factors and events that shaped the evolution of current splinting technique and practice. Publication dates determine the chronological order of events, and splints are defined according to the ASHT Splint Classification System. Purposes of splinting are analyzed and listed according to frequency of citation in splint manuals and books, and a historical review of splinting practice describes splints, events, and persons who influenced the evolution of splinting from the time of Hippocrates through the 20th century. Factors influencing splint development include disease, political conflict, advancements in medicine and technology, agency and organizational decision making, centers of practice, and availability of information. Infection, polio, war, technology, plastics, surgical advances, soft tissue remodeling, anatomy, biomechanics, government agencies, hand centers, seminars, professional organizations, publications, and a classification system have all played important roles in 20th century splinting practice.
authors.affiliation: Hand Research, Zionsville, Indiana 46077, USA. e2indy@aol.com
authors.forename: Elaine Ewing
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Fess
mesh_terms: D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000266:history*; D013165:Splints / Q000266:history*