title: Obesity, weight change and risks for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of the degree of body mass index and weight gain as the risks for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes in Japanese men, and to compare that to the corresponding effects in a Caucasian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort of all male employees at a company.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4737 male employees followed until retirement or for 4 y (longest term 4 y).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase of body mass index beyond 22 kg/m(2) related to an increased risk for hypertension even after being adjusted for possible confounding factors such as age, smoking status, alcohol intake, family history and baseline value of systolic blood pressure. The risks greatly increased in subjects with a body mass index above 27 kg/m(2) for hypertension, and 29 kg/m(2) for diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Weight gain (more than 2 kg) was strongly related to an increased risk for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia after being adjusted for possible confounding factors. However, weight gain was not related to diabetes, and weight loss did not decrease the risks for any of the three diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among Japanese, the degrees of body mass index associated with risks for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were lower than those in Caucasians. The risks for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were strongly associated with weight gain in a Japanese male population who showed a low prevalence of severe obesity, and the risks were similar to or somewhat higher than those in a Caucasian population with a high prevalence of severe obesity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Health Science Research Grant by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. kazu@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Takata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moritaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People