title: Analytical challenges: bridging the gap from regulation to enforcement.
abstract: An overview is presented of the analytical steps that may be needed to determine the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or for analysis of GMO-derived produce. The analytical aspects necessary for compliance with labeling regulations are discussed along with bottlenecks that may develop when a plant product or a food sample is analyzed for conformity with current European Union GMO legislation. In addition to sampling and testing, other topics deal with complications that arise from biological and agricultural realities that may influence testing capabilities. The issues presented are intended to serve as elements to examine the different challenges that enforcement laboratories might face.
authors.affiliation: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Food Products Unit, Ispra, VA, Italy. guy.van-den-eede@jrc.it
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Eede
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anklam
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schimmel
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D007881:Legislation, Food; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant