title: Differential expression patterns of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during development of osteoarthritis in a transgenic mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) during degeneration of articular cartilage in a transgenic Del1 mouse model for osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Northern analysis was used to measure mRNA levels of MMP-2, -3, -8, -9, -13, and -14, and TIMP-1, -2, and -3 in total RNA extracted from knee joints of transgenic Del1 mice, harbouring a 15 amino acid deletion in the triple helical domain of the alpha1(II) collagen chain, using their non-transgenic littermates as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the presence of cleavage products (neoepitopes) of type II collagen, and the distribution of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 in degenerating cartilage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each of the MMP and TIMP mRNAs analysed exhibited distinct expression patterns during development and osteoarthritic degeneration of the knee joint. The most striking change was up regulation of MMP-13 mRNA expression in the knee joints of Del1 mice at the onset of cartilage degeneration. However, the strongest immunostaining for MMP-13 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 was not seen in the degenerating articular cartilage but in synovial tissue, deep calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. The localisation of type II collagen neoepitopes in chondrocytes and their pericellular matrix followed a similar pattern; they were not seen in cartilage fibrillations, but in adjacent unaffected cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary localisation of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 in hyperplastic synovial tissue, subchondral bone, and calcified cartilage suggests that up regulation of MMP-13 expression during early degeneration of articular cartilage is a secondary response to cartilage erosion. This interpretation is supported by the distribution of type II collagen neoepitopes. Synovial production of MMP-13 may be related to removal of tissue debris released from articular cartilage. In the deep calcified cartilage and adjacent subchondral bone, MMP-13 probably participates in tissue remodelling.
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Research Programme, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: A-M K
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Säämänen
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Vankemmelbeke
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Auho
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Perälä
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Vuorio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D017364:Collagenases; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C507081:Mmp13 protein, mouse