title: Cardiovascular autonomic function in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether cardiovascular autonomic function is impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of 23 patients with SLE was performed. Autonomic symptoms were assessed using a standard questionnaire. Cardiovascular autonomic function was measured using 10 non-invasive investigations. There were significant differences between patients and controls in three out of 24 parameters measured during the different tests (P < 0.002). These were reduction in systolic blood pressure at 5 min on head-up tilt, and heart rate responses to isometric exercise and cutaneous cold. Eleven out of 23 patients had an abnormal heart rate, blood pressure or Valsalva response (value below the age corrected 5th centile) while testing compared with six of the controls. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in patients vs controls in both the supine (P < 0.05) and tilt position (P < 0.01). Twenty-one of the 23 patients had one or more symptoms that may be attributable to abnormalities in autonomic function. There was no significant association between the number of symptoms and presence of autonomic dysfunction. Cardiovascular autonomic impairment may be demonstrated in some patients with SLE. Symptoms attributable to autonomic dysfunction are common in SLE and autonomic assessment may be required.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. m.b.hogarth@btinternet.com
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hogarth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines