title: Appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease in a population-based sample: the HyperGEN study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies of the association between the use of appetite suppressants and valvular heart disease have not accounted for the effects of valvular structure and aortic root diameter, which are associated with obesity. We assessed whether the use of the appetite suppressants fenfluramine/dexfenfluramine, either alone or with phentermine, was associated with aortic regurgitation while adjusting for these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 2524 adult participants in the population-based Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network study. Information regarding current drug use was assessed during a clinical examination. Medication use was continued at the time of echocardiographic study. Expert readers blinded to current therapy read echocardiograms centrally at Cornell Medical Center. Analyses of the associations between use of fenfluramine/dexfenfluramine (alone or with phentermine) and aortic regurgitation adjusted for potential confounders, including aortic root dilatation and valve fibrocalcification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen participants, all of whom had hypertension, were being treated with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine (5 on these agents alone, 14 also with phentermine). Aortic regurgitation was present in 32% (n = 6) of those taking fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine versus 6% (162/2505) of remaining subjects (P = 0.001). In multivariate-adjusted analyses, treatment with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine was associated with aortic regurgitation (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7 to 14) and aortic fibrocalcification (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.9 to 15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a population-based sample, use of fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine, alone or in combination with phentermine, was associated with aortic regurgitation independent of aortic dilatation or fibrocalcification.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberman
authors.forename: Dalane W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kitzman
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Simone
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
mesh_terms: D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020372:Dexfenfluramine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010645:Phentermine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005277:Fenfluramine; D010645:Phentermine; D020372:Dexfenfluramine