title: Prospective evaluation of risk factors of cutaneous drug reactions to sulfonamides in patients with AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persons with HIV infection have increased rates of drug eruptions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors of drug eruptions in response to sulfonamides in patients with AIDS, using a case-control analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-six patients who were hospitalized for pneumocystosis or toxoplasmosis were evaluated at the onset of treatment for various risk factors, which were then compared among patients with (48, 36%) and without (88, 64%) a drug eruption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, high CD8(+) cell count and age less than 36 years indicated a risk of drug eruption (respective odds ratios: 3.5 [95% CI 1.6-7.8], P =.002, and 2.1 [95% CI 1-4.6], P =.06). Markers of viral replication for HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and parvovirus B19, slow acetylation phenotype or genotype, and glutathione level were not associated with a risk. Administration of corticosteroids had no preventive effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results challenge several current concepts regarding drug eruptions by discarding a strong association with glutathione deficiency, slow acetylation, or active viral infections and by showing no preventive effect of corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliaszewicz
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flahault
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roujeau
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fillet
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Challine
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolkenstein
authors.forename: Sélim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aractingi
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Penso-Assathiany
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maslo
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bourgault-Villada
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chosidow
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caumes
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013449:Sulfonamides