title: Bladder substitution in women.
abstract: Bladder substitution in women with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is not a universally accepted procedure. There are many concerns, one of which is the potential risk of metachronous and synchronous urethral transitional cell carcinoma involvement. Another concern is that voiding dysfunction may be more frequent than in male patients. The numbers of female patients who have had this procedure are still small, and follow-up data are relatively brief. Thus, the true role for orthotopic bladder substitution in the female is still being evaluated. This paper reviews the data on this type of surgery in women, with emphasis on urethral TCC risk and on voiding dysfunction. Early results from a number of institutions are encouraging, particularly in correctly selected patients. Based on more than 15 years experience in an albeit small number of patients, we believe that if there is a functional external sphincter and tumor margins can be safely cleared, this form of surgery offers patients the best opportunity to preserve quality of life following cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Berne, Anna Seiler-Haus, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland. fiona.burkhard@insel.ch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holliger
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*