title: Regional differences in expression of VEGF mRNA in rat gastrocnemius following 1 hr exercise or electrical stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels increase in rat skeletal muscle after a single bout of acute exercise. We assessed regional differences in VEGF165 mRNA levels in rat gastrocnemius muscle using in situ hybridization after inducing upregulation of VEGF by treadmill running (1 hr) or electrical stimulation (1 hr). Muscle functional regions were defined as oxidative (primarily oxidative fibers, I and IIa), or glycolytic (entirely IIb or IId/x fibers). Functional regions were visualized on muscle cross sections that were matched in series to slides processed through in situ hybridization with a VEGF165 probe. A greater upregulation in oxidative regions was hypothesized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total muscle VEGF mRNA (via Northern blot) was upregulated 3.5-fold with both exercise and with electrical stimulation (P = 0.015). Quantitative densitometry of the VEGF mRNA signal via in situ hybridization reveals significant regional differences (P <or= 0.01) and protocol differences (treadmill, electrical stimulation, and control, P <or= 0.05). Mean VEGF mRNA signal was higher in the oxidative region in both treadmill run (approximately 7%, N = 4 muscles, P <or= 0.05) and electrically stimulated muscles (approximately 60%, N = 4, P <or= 0.05). These regional differences were not significantly different from control muscle (non-exercised, non-stimulated, N = 2 muscles), although nearly so for electrically stimulated muscle (P = 0.056).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderately higher VEGF mRNA signal in oxidative muscle regions is consistent with regional differences in capillary density. However, it is not possible to determine if the VEGF mRNA signal difference is important in either the maintenance of regional capillarity differences or exercise induced angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92093-0623A, USA. tbrutsae@csc.albany.edu
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Brutsaert
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: Zhenxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.forename: Kechun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mathieu-Costello
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A