title: NK cell receptors of the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): a pivotal species for tracking the coevolution of killer cell Ig-like receptors with MHC-C.
abstract: CD94, NKG2, Ly49, and killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) expressed by orangutan peripheral blood cells were examined by cloning and sequencing cDNA from a panel of individuals. Orthologs of human CD94, NKG2A, D, and F were defined. NKG2C and E are represented by one gene, Popy-NKG2CE, that is equidistant from the two human genes. Several Popy-CD94, NKG2A, and NKG2CE alleles were defined. Popy-Ly49L is expressed in cultured NK cells and has a sequence consistent with it encoding a functional receptor. Orangutan KIR corresponding to the three KIR lineages expressed in humans and chimpanzees were defined. Popy-KIR2DL4 of lineage I is the only ortholog of a human or chimpanzee KIR, but in all individuals examined, the transcripts of this gene produced premature termination, either in the D2 domain or at the beginning of the cytoplasmic domain. Ten Popy-KIR3DL and one Popy-KIR3DS of lineage II are all closely related, but represent the products of at least two genes. The two Popy-KIR2DL and four Popy-KIR2DS of lineage III also represent two genes, both being more related to KIR2DS4 than to other human and chimpanzee KIR of lineage III. The Popy-KIR2D include ones predicted to be specific for the C1 epitope of MHC-C, but none specific for C2. This correlates with the observation that all orangutan MHC-C allotypes examined have the C1 motif.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.
authors.forename: Lisbeth A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guethlein
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Flodin
authors.forename: Erin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parham
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055654:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D010802:Phylogeny; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000950:Antigens, Ly; D015236:HLA-C Antigens; C515079:KIR2DL4 protein, human; C527054:KLRC1 protein, human; C527059:KLRC2 protein, human; C497869:KLRD1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C120113:Ly-49L antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D055654:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C; D051920:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell