title: Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Caucasians aged 18-98 y.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine reference values for fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) in a large Caucasian group of apparently healthy subjects, as a function of age and gender and to develop percentile distribution for these two parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in which bioelectrical impedance analysis (50 kHz) was measured (using tetrapolar electrodes and cross-validated formulae by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in order to calculate FFMI (fat-free mass/height squared) and FMI (fat mass/height squared).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5635 apparently healthy adults from a mixed non-randomly selected Caucasian population in Switzerland (2986 men and 2649 women), varying in age from 24 to 98 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median FFMI (18-34 y) were 18.9 kg/m(2) in young males and 15.4 kg/m(2) in young females. No difference with age in males and a modest increase in females were observed. The median FMI was 4.0 kg/m(2) in males and 5.5 kg/m(2) in females. From young to elderly age categories, FMI progressively rose by an average of 55% in males and 62% in females, compared to an increase in body mass index (BMI) of 9 and 19% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reference intervals for FFMI and FMI could be of practical value for the clinical evaluation of a deficit in fat-free mass with or without excess fat mass (sarcopenic obesity) for a given age category, complementing the classical concept of body mass index (BMI) in a more qualitative manner. In contrast to BMI, similar reference ranges seems to be utilizable for FFMI with advancing age, in particular in men.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Yves.Schutz@iphysiol.unil.ch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schutz
authors.forename: U U G
authors.initials: UU
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichard
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis