title: Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe: legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knowledge concerning genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in eastern Europe is scarce. Data on the legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection have never been collected, summarised, and presented to the international scientific community. The aim of this study was to present the current situation on the main aspects of chlamydial infections in the countries of eastern Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Written questionnaires concerning legal aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the infection were distributed among national STI operating administrators as well as researchers who had presented papers at earlier meetings of European chlamydia or STI societies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the countries have not legalised reporting of chlamydial infections and in those who have done so, the quality of the reporting system is poor. Contact tracing is mostly done on a voluntary basis. Reported chlamydia incidence varies from 21 to 276 per 100000 inhabitants. The most commonly used diagnostic test remains the direct immunofluorescence test; however, some tendencies towards nucleic acid amplification are in evidence. Diagnostic services are paid for by the patient himself, while treatment in many countries is partially or completely covered by public insurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report summarising data concerning the situation on C trachomatis infections in eastern Europe. The reporting system and diagnosis of C trachomatis infections remain suboptimal, which allows neither control of the epidemiological situation nor optimal treatment of the patients. The most urgent work currently necessary is the education of professionals and the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Marius.Domeika@medsci.uu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domeika
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hallén
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karabanov
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chudomirova
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Unzeitig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pöder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jakobsone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lapinskaite
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dajek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Akovbian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khryanin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savitcheva
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takac
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glazkova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vinograd
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nedeljkovic
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016527:Drug Costs; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin; D004318:Doxycycline