title: Does religiousness explain regional differences in alcohol use in Finland?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because religiousness, a protective factor for alcohol use, is much more prevalent in rural regions, we examined its importance in explaining the differences in adolescent alcohol use found in the rural and the urban regions. In rural Ostrobothnia (hereafter referred to as the rural region), alcohol use is at the lowest level in all of Finland, whereas in Uusimaa, the urban region that surrounds Helsinki (hereafter referred to as the urban region), alcohol use is at the highest level.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed cross-sectional questionnaire data collected from Finnish adolescents and their mothers, during 1991-1995.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abstinence was more prevalent, drinking less frequent, and religiousness higher in the rural region. In the urban region, there was but a negligible correlation between alcohol use and religiousness, whereas in the rural region, the correlation was clear, especially when abstainers were included. In modelling the relationship between region and adolescent abstinence, we found an interaction between mothers' religiousness and region: high religiousness among mothers was more protective of abstinence in the rural region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show the importance of religiousness in explaining differences in adolescent alcohol use in regions with different religious traditions, but further studies will be required to explain why mothers' religiousness affects rates of adolescent abstinence differently in the two regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, The Unit for Promotion of Well-Being and Health, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012067:Religion; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population