title: Prediction of fetal weight by ultrasound: the contribution of additional examiners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the contribution of additional examiners to: the average discrepancy between estimated and actual fetal weights; the correlation between estimated and actual fetal weights; the reduction in major (> 10%) discrepancies between estimated and actual fetal weights.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three experienced sonographers independently measured fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length in 39 fetuses at term. The estimated fetal weights were calculated for each examiner. Fetal biometric measurements were analyzed to obtain the source of differences in estimations among the examiners. Discrepancy, correlation and number of major (> 10%) discrepancies between the estimated and actual fetal weights were calculated for each examiner, and the contribution of additional examiners was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences in measurements of the biparietal diameter and femur length were lower than those of the head and abdominal circumferences. For each of the three examiners, the average discrepancy between the estimated and actual fetal weights was 6.1%, 5.9% and 6.3%. When the estimation was based on two examiners, the discrepancy decreased to 4.8-5.6%. The contribution of a third examiner was nil. Major (> 10%) discrepancies between estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight were found in seven, eight and nine estimations of the examiners. Estimation by two examiners decreased the number of major discrepancies, and estimation by all three examiners further decreased by approximately 50% the number of major discrepancies between the estimated and actual fetal weights.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements by multiple examiners changes only slightly the average number of discrepancies between estimated and actual fetal weights. However, the reduction in major (> 10%) discrepancies is statistically and clinically significant.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Unit, Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. ilagull@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gull
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Har-Toov
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kupferminc
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jaffa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolman
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001724:Birth Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal