title: The ACL-deficient knee: natural history and treatment options.
abstract: Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament removes the major stabilizing structure to anterior tibial translation. The initial trauma may lead to meniscal and cartilage damage, predisposing the knee to early degenerative changes. Moreover, a knee with an isolated ACL rupture may have recurrent episodes of instability that can lead to a similar degenerative course. At this time, one cannot accurately predict which patients will tolerate ACL deficiency, and which patients will not. Current long-term studies support a progressive worsening condition in the ACL and meniscal deficient knees. Physical therapy together with lifestyle modifications may be necessary. Those unwilling to make these types of changes or those with associated injuries may benefit from ACL reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Joint Diseases Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bosco
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome