title: Modulation of monocyte signaling and pore formation in response to agonists of the nucleotide receptor P2X(7).
abstract: Previous reports about the nucleotide receptor P2X(7), which exhibits ion channel and pore-forming activity and is known to promote IL-1beta processing, have centered largely on its role in macrophage function, whereas its participation in monocyte activity has been unclear. However, because extracellular ATP has been shown to affect monocytes with respect to IL-1beta release, we hypothesized that the P2X(7) receptor is also present and functional in a subpopulation of blood monocytes. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that about 70% of monocytes isolated from normal human donors expressed the P2X(7) receptor. Activation of P2X(7) receptor-associated pore formation by the agonist BzATP resulted in a 9- to 15-fold increase in the uptake of the membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye YO-PRO, and this dye uptake is markedly inhibited by the P2X(7) receptor antagonists KN-62 and oATP. Evidence supporting the presence of the functional P2X(7) receptor in monocytes also includes the observation that BzATP exposure results in a dose-dependent increase in the activation of mitogen-activated 2protein kinases and the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in human monocytes and in THP-1 human monocytic cells. Furthermore, treatment of monocytes with BzATP induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tissue factor, which are two important endpoints that have not been previously shown to be regulated by nucleotide receptor action in monocytes. Together, these data indicate that a subpopulation of human monocytes express P2X(7) receptors that are functional with respect to pore formation, signal transduction, and mediator production, further supporting a key role for this nucleotide receptor in host immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Bio-Sciences, School of Veterinary-Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA.
authors.forename: Mini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aga
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Arlene P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Arturo G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guadarrama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svaren
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bertics
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Darien
mesh_terms: D001583:Benzoxazoles; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001583:Benzoxazoles; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; C089813:YO-PRO 1; D013925:Thromboplastin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases