title: Efficacy and outcome of surgical intervention in patients with nephrolithiasis and chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and outcome of surgical intervention in patients with renal stones and chronic renal insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out from January 1999 till January 2001. Only patients with chronic renal failure without medical renal disease were taken up for study. All patients were subjected to an ultrasound assessment of the kidney, ureter and bladder. In case of obstructed and infected systems a preliminary percutaneous nephrostomy was carried out. After correction of dyselectrolytemia, acid base imbalance and dialysis (if indicated) patients were subjected to surgical intervention (open surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy). ESWL was offered for stones persisting after surgery. The stone burden, composition, therapeutic procedures required to render patients stone free were assessed. The outcome of stone removal on renal function was also evaluated by serial renal dynamic scans and creatinine clearance estimations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 90 patients operated for staghorn or calyceal calculi, complete follow up data was available in 70. Pyelo-nephrolithotomy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy was carried out in 63 and 7 patients respectively. Out of 15 patients with residual stones ESWL was successfully performed in 9 cases. Mixed, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, and struvite stones were encountered in 48%, 14%, 17% and 21% respectively. The average pre operative serum creatinine was 4.76 (1.9-16) mg%. The maximum duration of follow up was 9 months. By the 9th post operative month the average fall in serum creatinine values was 1.53 mg/dl (32%) and the average functional improvement by renal dynamic scans stood at 20.665%. 41 patients were saved from further dialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with mild to moderate renal failure showed maximal improvement in renal function forestalling or reducing the need for dialysis/renal replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aron
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome