title: Hearing loss and nephrotoxicity in long-term aminoglycoside treatment in patients with tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects of long-term use of aminoglycosides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients treated for tuberculosis with aminoglycosides were evaluated for hearing loss and nephrotoxicity for a minimum of 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing loss of 15 decibels (dB) at two or more frequencies, or at least 20 dB hearing loss at at least one frequency, was found in 18% of our total population treated with aminoglycosides (amikacin, kanamycin and/or streptomycin). In the group treated with kanamycin this percentage was 15.6. None of the factors sex, age, treatment duration, total aminoglycoside doses or first serum creatinine concentration, was found to be associated with hearing loss. Nephrotoxicity percentages at the end of treatment with aminoglycoside or kanamycin are 7.5% (1.9%) and 4.5% (2.3%) respectively, using the definition increase of serum creatinine > or = 27 micromol/l (> or = 44 micromol/l). Patients developing nephrotoxicity had a longer duration of treatment and received larger total doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients developing nephrotoxicity had a significantly longer duration of treatment with aminoglycosides, and received a larger total dose. We did not find any factor significantly associated with the development of hearing loss. In the long-term treatment of tuberculosis with aminoglycosides, ototoxicity seems to be a greater problem than nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Altena
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000583:Amikacin / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007612:Kanamycin; D000583:Amikacin; D003404:Creatinine; D013307:Streptomycin