title: Hippocampal changes in patients with a first episode of major depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous work suggests that patients with unipolar depression may have structural as well as functional abnormalities in limbic-thalamic-cortical networks, which are hypothesized to modulate human mood states. A core area in these networks is the hippocampus. In the present study, differences in volumes of hippocampal gray and white matter between patients with a first episode of major depression and healthy comparison subjects were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with a first episode of major depression and 30 healthy comparison subjects who were matched for age, gender, handedness, and education were examined with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male patients with a first episode of major depression had significantly smaller hippocampal total and gray matter volumes than healthy male comparison subjects. Both male and female patients showed significant alterations of left-right asymmetry and significant reductions of left and right hippocampal white matter fibers in relation to healthy comparison subjects. Hippocampal measurements were not significantly correlated with clinical variables, such as age at onset of illness, illness duration, or severity of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with findings of structural abnormalities of the hippocampal formation in patients with major depression that were more pronounced in male patients. The authors' findings support the hypothesis that the hippocampus and its connections within limbic-cortical networks may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frodl
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Meisenzahl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zetzsche
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leinsinger
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bottlender
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors