title: The expression of dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and beta-dystroglycan during skeletal muscle regeneration: immunohistochemical and western blot studies.
abstract: We evaluated re-expression of dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan and beta-dystroglycan in regenerating skeletal muscles of rats after cardiotoxin-induced myonecrosis in order to understand the dynamic behaviour of these proteins during the regeneration process. Immunohistochemical staining of these proteins almost disappeared in the sarcolemma of necrotic fibers on the 1st day, and was obscured due to non-specific staining on the 3rd day. Dystrophin was labeled faintly at the sarcolemma of regenerating muscle fibers on the 5th day. From the 5th day to the 10th day, levels of immunostaining of dystrophin increased. After the 14th day, dystrophin was stained conspicuously. alpha-Sarcoglycan was labeled weakly at the sarcolemma of small regenerating muscle fibers on the 5th day and was labeled conspicuously after the 7th day. beta-Dystroglycan was labeled moderately at the sarcolemma of regenerating muscle fibers on the 5th day and was labeled conspicuously after the 7th day. In western blot analysis, beta-dystroglycan persisted throughout the entire cycle of myonecrosis and regeneration, and re-expression of alpha-sarcoglycan progressed faster than that of dystrophin. We speculate that regeneration advances from the basement membrane side to the subsarcolemmal side, and that proteins at the basement membrane side resist disruption and have a high capacity for regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkoshi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins / Q000633:toxicity; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003720:Densitometry; D049030:Dystroglycans; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D049031:Sarcoglycans
chemical_list: D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016189:Dystrophin; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D049031:Sarcoglycans; D049030:Dystroglycans