title: The medieval kidney.
abstract: This article surveys the various perceptions of the kidney and its pathologies by encyclopedists, preachers, natural philosophers, surgeons and academic physicians around 1300. It focuses on the medical works of Arnau de Vilanova (d. 1311) and shows the medical discourse about the kidney in all its complexity. It draws attention to the incorporation of the medical nephrological debate into the scholastic frame, and to the close links between nephrology and astrology as well as alchemy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General History, Haifa University, Haifa 31905, Israel. zieglerj@research.haifa.ac.il
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D004690:Encyclopedias as Topic; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000266:history; D009398:Nephrology / Q000266:history*; D010686:Philosophy, Medical / Q000266:history