title: Clinical significance of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation (ERAF) that occur within two weeks after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, and to determine whether ERAF is predictive of long-term outcome after PV isolation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) sometimes recurs within days after PV isolation and may prompt an early repeat intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segmental PV isolation was performed using radiofrequency energy in 110 consecutive patients (mean age 53 +/- 11 years) with paroxysmal (93 patients) or persistent (17 patients) AF. Three to four PVs were targeted for isolation in all patients. Pulmonary vein isolation was complete in 338 of the 358 PVs that were targeted (94%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early recurrences of AF occurred in 39 of 110 patients (35%) at a mean of 3.7 +/- 3.5 days after the procedure. The prevalence of ERAF was similar in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF (33% and 47%, respectively, p = 0.4). Beyond the first two weeks, at 208 +/- 125 days of follow-up, 60 of the 71 patients without ERAF (85%) and 12 of the 39 patients with ERAF (31%) were free of recurrent AF in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early recurrences of AF occur in approximately 35% of patients within two weeks after isolation of three to four PVs, and are associated with a lower long-term success rate than in patients without ERAF. However, approximately 30% of patients with ERAF have no further symptomatic AF during long-term follow-up. Therefore, temporary antiarrhythmic drug therapy may be more appropriate than early repeat ablation in patients with ERAF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. oralh@umich.edu
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaydin
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: Steve W K
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Radmira
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.forename: S Adam
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strickberger
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morady
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents