title: Morphine promotes simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in monkey peripheral mononuclear cells: induction of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression for virus entry.
abstract: Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) chronically administered opioids were more susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain mac239 (SIVmac239) infection than those without prior exposure to opioids. Increased plasma viremia in morphine-dependent monkeys allowed SIV to be detected in the animals' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) without cocultivation with a tissue culture cell line. In contrast, virus titers from the PBMC of morphine-naive SIVmac239-infected animals were undetectable in the absence of cocultivation. PBMC isolated from noninfected animals and treated with morphine sulfate in vitro produced an increase in the expression of beta-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Because both SIVmac239 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) require CCR5 for cell entry, the unique role of morphine in promoting SIV infection may provide a mechanism to account for the high incidence of HIV disease among drug-using populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ssuzuki@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ann J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Roy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Ronald Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D009020:Morphine