Coordinated interaction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult songbird brain.
Neurogenesis proceeds throughout life in the higher vocal center (HVC) of the adult songbird neostriatum. Testosterone induces neuronal addition and endothelial division in HVC. We asked if testosterone-induced angiogenesis might contribute importantly to HVC neuronal recruitment. Testosterone upregulated both VEGF and its endothelial receptor, VEGF-R2/Quek1/KDR, in HVC. This yielded a burst in local HVC angiogenesis. FACS-isolated HVC endothelial cells produced BDNF in a testosterone-dependent manner. In vivo, HVC BDNF rose by the third week after testosterone, lagging by over a week the rise in VEGF and VEGF-R2. In situ hybridization revealed that much of this induced BDNF mRNA was endothelial. In vivo, both angiogenesis and neuronal addition to HVC were substantially diminished by inhibition of VEGF-R2 tyrosine kinase. These findings suggest a causal interaction between testosterone-induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain.
Louissaint
Abner
A
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical Center, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Rao
Sudha
S
Leventhal
Caroline
C
Goldman
Steven A
SA
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002171:Canaries / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004967:Estrogens; D008222:Lymphokines; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D013739:Testosterone; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor