title: Temperature-dependent prolactin secretion and reproductive biology of the newt Triturus carnifex Laur.
abstract: The effects of temperature on pituitary prolactin (PRL) gene expression and peripheral levels were studied in both male and female newts obtained from wild conditions during reproductive (Experiment I) and nonreproductive (Experiment II) periods; moreover, changes in parameters related to reproductive function are also described. Male and female newts were taken from a pond in February (Experiment I, reproductive period) and maintained for 1 month in tanks at 4 and 18 degrees C. In male newts kept at 4 degrees C, increase of PRL mRNA in the pituitary and plasma PRL was found compared with that measured in those kept at 18 degrees C. The increase in PRL secretion was parallel to that of plasma androgens and related secondary sexual characteristics (SSC) in males and of plasma estradiol-17beta and vitellogenin in females. On the contrary, in nonreproductive newts (Experiment II), taken from the field in May, no significant changes in plasma PRL, androgens, and SSC were found in those maintained at low temperature (4 degrees C), whereas low temperature significantly increased PRL mRNA expression in the male pituitary and PRL mRNA plus plasma PRL levels in females. These findings suggest that low temperature regulates PRL secretion in this urodele species, showing a sex- and season-related control mechanism; moreover, low temperature failed to influence the reproductive biology of newts taken from the field in May, after naturally occurring reproduction during winter months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Morphology and Biochemistry, University of Camerino, Via F. Camerini 2, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mosconi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuyama
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vellano
authors.forename: Alberta Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Polzonetti-Magni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000737:chemistry; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013696:Temperature; D014319:Triturus / Q000502:physiology*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin