title: Fibrinogen predicts restenosis after endovascular treatment of the iliac arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrinogen is an acute phase protein as well as a component of the coagulation cascade. Vascular inflammation and disturbed coagulation are suggested to cause restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). We investigated the prognostic impact of fibrinogen on restenosis after endovascular treatment of iliac artery occlusive disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study 137 consecutive patients after iliac artery PTA (n = 74) and PTA plus selective stent implantation (n = 63) were included, 109 patients after lower limb angiography served as a control group. Patients were followed for 6 months with oscillography, ankle brachial index and duplex sonography for occurrence of restenosis. Fibrinogen and serum amyloid A (SAA), as a control parameter of inflammation, were obtained at baseline, 8, 24 and 48 h postintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTA (adjusted OR 3.1, p = 0.05) and stenting (adjusted OR 13.3, p = 0.001) were independently associated with a higher postintervention increase of fibrinogen compared to angiography. Restenosis was found in 29 patients (21%). Patients with pre-intervention fibrinogen values in the third quartile (411-463 mg/dl) had a 6.2-fold increased adjusted risk for restenosis (p = 0.03), patients in the fourth quartile (> 463 mg/dl) had a 8.9-fold increased adjusted risk (p = 0.007). Pre-intervention SAA values were also significantly associated with restenosis (p < 0.0001). Postintervention fibrinogen and SAA levels showed no association with outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balloon angioplasty and stenting of the iliac arteries cause an elevation of postintervention fibrinogen levels independently of angiographic factors. A higher pre-procedure fibrinogen level, presumably a marker of inflammatory activity, indicates a higher risk for restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiology, University of Vienna, Medical Faculty, Austria. martin.schillinger@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mlekusch
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rumpold
authors.forename: Ramazanali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: Schila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabeti
authors.forename: Oswald
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D005340:Fibrinogen