title: Protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK) mediates Bcl10-independent NF-kappa B activation induced by phorbol ester.
abstract: Protein kinase C-associated kinase (PKK) is a recently described kinase of unknown function that was identified on the basis of its specific interaction with PKC beta. PKK contains N-terminal kinase and C-terminal ankyrin repeats domains linked to an intermediate region. Here we report that the kinase domain of PKK is highly homologous to that of two mediators of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, RICK and RIP, but these related kinases have different C-terminal domains for binding to upstream factors. We find that expression of PKK, like RICK and RIP, induces NF-kappa B activation. Mutational analysis revealed that the kinase domain of PKK is essential for NF-kappa B activation, whereas replacement of serine residues in the putative activation loop did not affect the ability of PKK to activate NF-kappa B. A catalytic inactive PKK mutant inhibited NF-kappa B activation induced by phorbol ester and Ca(2+)-ionophore, but it did not block that mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, or Nod1. Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by dominant negative PKK was reverted by co-expression of PKC beta I, suggesting a functional association between PKK and PKC beta I. PKK-mediated NF-kappa B activation required IKK alpha and IKK beta but not IKK gamma, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Moreover, NF-kappa B activation induced by PKK was not inhibited by dominant negative Bimp1 and proceeded in the absence of Bcl10, two components of a recently described PKC signaling pathway. These results suggest that PKK is a member of the RICK/RIP family of kinases, which is involved in a PKC-activated NF-kappa B signaling pathway that is independent of Bcl10 and IKK gamma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruland
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McAllister-Lucas
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: Felicia F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tak W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000074018:B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein; D001665:Binding Sites; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000074018:B-Cell CLL-Lymphoma 10 Protein; C118591:BCL10 protein, human; C488088:Bcl10 protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000001:Calcimycin; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C430884:Ripk4 protein, mouse; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate