title: Manual compression repair of post-catheterization femoral pseudoaneurysms: an alternative to ultrasound guided compression repair?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unknown, whether direct guidance by ultrasound is essential for the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) of pseudoaneurysms. We therefore tested, whether clinically guided manual compression repair (MCR) without continuous ultrasound control may represent an equally effective alternative.
  
  
  METHODS
  After ultrasound diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm, direct manual compression was applied to the lesion until the characteristic clinical signs disappeared or for a maximum of 1 hour. Then a compression bandage was applied for 24 hours. If the pseudoaneurysm persisted, MCR was repeated up to a maximum of three times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 96 consecutive patients with pseudoaneurysms, ten patients were referred to primary surgery; one patient refused any therapy. The remaining 85 patients (89%) were treated by MCR. MCR was successful in 74 patients (87%). Of these, 74% were cured at the first attempt, while 16% resp. 10% required 2 resp. 3 compression manoeuvers for definite cure. The success rate tended to be somewhat lower in patients on anticoagulants (78%) than in those on aspirin (91%) or those without any antithrombotic medication (89%) (p = 0.14). No major complications were observed. Of the 11 patients in whom MCR was unsuccessful, five patients underwent surgical repair; in four patients the pseudoaneurysms thrombosed spontaneously within 1-3 months and 2 pseudoaneurysms persist without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results with MCR are comparable to those published for UGCR. Since MCR requires less technical equipment and seems to be less painful for the patient, a prospective comparison of both methods appears warranted.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München and 1. Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany. theiss@med1.med.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Theiss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D019233:Retreatment; D014463:Ultrasonography