title: Increased expression of COX-2 in the development of human lung cancers.
abstract: It is well accepted that an increase in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key inducible enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, may play a significant role in carcinogenesis in addition to its well-known role in inflammatory reactions. Whereas previous studies were largely confined to colorectal tumorigenesis, we have shown that a significantly increased expression of COX-2 may also play a role in the development of lung cancer. COX-2 expression was found to be frequently elevated in lung cancer, especially in adenocarcinoma, and the proportion of lung cancer cells with marked COX-2 expression was much higher in lymph node metastases than in the corresponding primary tumors. It was also shown that early stage adenocarcinoma patients with increased COX-2 expression who were surgically treated had a shorter survival. Our studies, which used high- and low-metastatic human lung cancer cell sublines established in our laboratory, revealed an association between metastatic capabilities and COX-2 expression levels: COX-2-specific inhibitors could inhibit in vitro the invasion of the highly metastatic NCI-H460-LNM35 clone through Matrigel-containing basement membrane components as well as the spontaneous in vivo metastasis in SCID mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that an increase in COX-2 expression maybe associated with the development of lung cancer and possibly with the acquisition of an invasive and metastatic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. tak@aichi-cc.pref.aichi.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozaki
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yatabe
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Achiwa
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hida
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010641:Phenotype; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases