title: Pirfenidone suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha, enhances interleukin-10 and protects mice from endotoxic shock.
abstract: A new experimental drug, pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyridine-one; S-7701), has been reported to have beneficial effects for the treatment of certain fibrotic diseases. We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties in murine endotoxic shock to determine the pharmacological characteristics. The present study describes the prophylactic effect, cytokine regulatory profiles and therapeutic effect of pirfenidone in murine endotoxic shock, which was induced in mice using an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine. First, we examined the prophylactic effect and cytokine regulatory profiles. A single oral administration of pirfenidone prior to lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine challenge inhibited the production of circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma, markedly enhanced that of interleukin-10, and offered protection from subsequent lethal symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Second, we examined the therapeutic effect. A single oral administration of pirfenidone 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h post lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine challenge provided protection against lethal shock in a time-dependent manner. At the histopathological level, apoptotic positive cells were found to be suppressed in the liver. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 level was markedly elevated in the liver of lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-challenged mice, suppressed in pirfenidone-treated mice. These findings may offer an alternative for both protective and therapeutical treatment of several human acute or chronic inflammatory diseases by pirfenidone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Shionogi Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-5-1, Mishima, Osaka 566-0022, Settsu, Japan. hisashi.oku@shionogi.co.jp
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005688:Galactosamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009336:Necrosis; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011728:Pyridones; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D005688:Galactosamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C093844:pirfenidone