title: Critical involvement of p38 MAP kinase in pertussis toxin-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and lung permeability.
abstract: Bordetella pertussis is an important cause of infection in humans worldwide, with full expression of the syndrome associated with characteristic increases in lung permeability and airway edema. The exact cellular mechanisms by which pertussis toxin (PTX) exerts pulmonary toxicity remain unknown, but may involve its ability to ADP-ribosylate-specific G-proteins. We determined that PTX directly and reproducibly reduced lung endothelial and epithelial cell barrier function in vitro and in vivo assessed by decreases in transmonolayer electrical resistance (TER) and isolated perfused lung preparations. Alterations in lung permeability began approximately 30 min after PTX and were dependent on intrinsic ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, as neither the cell binding beta-oligomer subunit or a genetically engineered PTX mutant (devoid of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity) altered TER. PTX-induced barrier dysfunction was associated with mild increases in F-actin stress fiber formation and causally linked to p38 MAP kinase activities. PTX-mediated p38 MAP kinase activation did not involve either p42/p44 ERK, p60src, Rho family of GTPases, or phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase pathways. PTX-mediated decreases in TER were temporally linked to phosphorylation of the actin binding proteins Hsp27 and caldesmon, known substrates for the Ser/Thr kinase MAPKAP2, whose activity is regulated by p38 MAP kinase. In addition to defining novel signaling pathways involved in PTX-induced respiratory pathophysiology, these data suggest that the direct cell-activating effects of PTX be carefully considered as a potential limitation to its use as a tool in signal transduction analysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. drgarcia@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Joe G N
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Peiyi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kane L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schaphorst
authors.forename: Patrice M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Talaibek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Borbiev
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birukova
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogatcheva
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Verin
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005289:Ferrets; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases