title: The molecular mechanism of translocation through the nuclear pore complex is highly conserved.
abstract: In this report we investigated the activity of vertebrate nuclear transport factors in a primitive organism, Amoeba proteus, to better understand evolutionary changes in the transport mechanisms of organisms expected to have different requirements for nucleocytoplasmic exchange. It was initially determined that FxFG-containing nucleoporins and Ran, both of which are essential for nuclear import in vertebrates, as well as yeast, are also present and functional in amoebae. This suggests that there are fundamental similarities in the transport process; however, there are also significant differences. Transport substrates containing either the hnRNP A1 M9 shuttling signal (a GST/GFP/M9 fusion protein) or the classical bipartite NLS (colloidal gold coated with BSA-bipartite NLS conjugates), both of which are effectively transported in vertebrate cells, are excluded from the nucleus when microinjected into amoebae. However, when these substrates are injected along with transportin or importin alpha/beta, respectively, the vertebrate receptors for these signals, they readily accumulate in the nucleoplasm. These results indicate that although the molecular recognition of substrates is not well conserved between vertebrates and amoebae, vertebrate transport receptors are functional in A. proteus, showing that the translocation machinery is highly conserved. Since selected nuclear import pathways can be investigated in the absence of competing endogenous transport, A. proteus might provide a useful in vivo system for investigating specific molecular interactions involved in trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA. feldherr@anatomy.med.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feldherr
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Littlewood
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D000656:Amoeba / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D017612:Gold Compounds; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017612:Gold Compounds; D028884:Karyopherins; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; C503613:Nutf2 protein, mouse; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein