title: Herbal diuretics revisited: from "wise women" to William Withering.
abstract: This contribution summarizes the use of herbal diuretics over the period of two thousand years. After describing the role of herbs in the framework of the theory of the balance of humors for well-being, it details the contributions of Pliny the Elder (23-79), Dioscorides (40-90), Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), Pietro Andrea Matthioli (1500-1577), and Leonard Fuchs (1501-1566) in providing increasingly more precise descriptions and illustrations of medicinal plants. Then, William Withering's (1741-1799) scientific analysis of the use of foxglove for the treatment of dropsy is presented, taking into account the role peasant "wise women" played in his discoveries and the role of "folklore medicine" before him.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.evamaria.kinne@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinne-Saffran
authors.forename: Rolf K H
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kinne
mesh_terms: D004070:Digitalis; D004232:Diuretics / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005060:Europe; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D008488:Medical Illustration / Q000266:history; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000266:history*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics