title: Localization of peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat corpus cavernosum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect and locate anatomically peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat cavernosa, as dopamine is important in sexual drive and penile erection through receptors located in the central nervous system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corpora cavernosa were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats; total RNA and membrane proteins were extracted and cryostat sections prepared. The rat brain hypothalamus was used as a control for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. The presence and expression of peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosa was assessed using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern blot hybridization using (32)P-UTP-labelled RNA probes. Concurrently, corresponding proteins from D1 and D2 receptors were assayed and detected by a Western blotting technique. The anatomical location of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in rat penile tissues was identified by in situ hybridization using (35)S-UTP-labelled RNA probes in cryostat sections. Immunohistochemical staining was used to locate peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins in rat corpora cavernosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene expression was detected in rat corpora cavernosa. In situ hybridization signals for dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were localized to corpus cavernosal tissues and dorsal vessels in the rat penis. Western blot analyses showed peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins in rat corpora cavernosa. Immunohistochemically, peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins were detected in dorsal nerves, dorsal vessels and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle of the rat penile tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are present in the corpora cavernosa of rats. The functional significance of these receptors and signal transduction pathways in modulating the vascular tone of the penis warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: D-Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leungwattanakij
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Mageed
authors.forename: K-D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000032:analysis*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate