title: An antiport mechanism for a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family: divalent cations efflux in exchange for K+ and H+.
abstract: Members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family of membrane transport proteins are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The family encompasses transporters of zinc ions, with cobalt, cadmium and lead ions being additional substrates for some prokaryotic examples. No transport mechanism has previously been established for any CDF protein. It is shown here that the CzcD protein of Bacillus subtilis, a CDF protein, uses an antiporter mechanism, catalysing active efflux of Zn2+ in exchange for K+ and H+. The exchange is probably electroneutral, energized by the transmembrane pH gradient and oppositely oriented gradients of the other cation substrates. The data suggest that Co2+ and Cd2+ are additional cytoplasmic substrates for CzcD. A second product of the same operon that encodes czcD has sequence similarity to oxidoreductases and is here designated CzcO. CzcO modestly enhances the activity of CzcD but is not predicted to be an integral membrane protein and has no antiport activity of its own.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Guffanti
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Sacha V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Krulwich
mesh_terms: D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D006859:Hydrogen; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium