title: Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides.
abstract: Chromogranin A (CGA) and chromogranin B (CGB) are acidic proteins stored in secretory organelles of endocrine cells and neurons. In addition to their roles as helper proteins in the packaging of peptides, they may serve as prohormones to generate biologically active peptides such as vasostatin-1 and secretolytin. These molecules derived from CGA and CGB, respectively, possess antimicrobial properties. The present study demonstrates that plasmatic levels of both vasostatin-1 and secretolytin increase during surgery in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasostatin-1 and secretolytin, initially present in plasma at low levels, are released just after skin incision. Consequently, they can be added to enkelytin, an antibacterial peptide derived from proenkephalin A, for the panoply of components acting as a first protective barrier against hypothetical invasion of pathogens, which may occur during surgery. CGA and CGB, more commonly viewed as markers for endocrine and neuronal cells, were also found to have an immune origin. RNA messengers coding for CGB were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human monocytes, and immunocytochemical analysis by confocal microscopy revealed the presence of CGA or CGB or both in monocytes and neutrophils. A combination of techniques including confocal microscopic analysis, mass spectrometry measurement, and antibacterial tests allowed for the identification of the positive role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the secretolytin release from monocytes in vitro. Because IL-6 release is known to be strongly enhanced during CPB, we suggest a possible relationship between IL-6 and the increased level of secretolytin in patients undergoing CPB.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Neuroimmunologie des Annélides, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tasiemski
authors.forename: Hamida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenbulcke
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bilfinger
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pestel
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salzet
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000097:blood; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D037282:Calreticulin; D053379:Chromogranin A; D053378:Chromogranin B; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D037282:Calreticulin; D053379:Chromogranin A; D053378:Chromogranin B; D002864:Chromogranins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C093477:secretolytin; C121986:vasostatin