title: Laparoscopic hysterectomy using a computer-enhanced surgical robot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the technique of laparoscopic hysterectomy using a computer-enhanced robotic surgical system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using a computer-enhanced surgical robot. Four trocars were used: one for the camera, two for the robotic arms controlled by the operating surgeon from the surgeon's console, and an additional port for use by the surgical assistant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ages ranged from 27 to 77 years, and weight ranged from 54 to 100 kg. Operative time ranged from 4.5 to 10 hours. Estimated blood loss ranged from 50 to 1500 ml. The patients tolerated the procedure and recovered satisfactorily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case series reporting the use of a computer-enhanced surgical robot for performing hysterectomy in humans. It is feasible and well tolerated in this series of patients. As this technology develops, the applications for its use in gynecology and gynecologic oncology will increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. carrasti@utmb.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz-Arrastia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jurnalov
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors