title: Outcome analysis of reduction mammaplasty using the modified Robertson technique.
abstract: The benefits of reduction mammaplasty have been well documented in previous literature. Anticipating and correcting for pseudoptosis (bottoming-out), however, can impair the cosmetic outcome as the inferior skin envelope stretches and lengthens over time. We present long-term results on patients using the modified Robertson technique for reduction mammaplasty, which appears to have significant benefit in helping to prevent bottoming-out. Surveys were sent to patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty surgery with this technique from 1987 to 1997. Patients were queried regarding preoperative and postoperative symptoms, satisfaction, and outcome related to their surgery and were also offered free follow-up examinations. The patients who returned for follow-up were then evaluated by the attending surgeons for evaluation of scarring, nipple position, ptosis, pseudoptosis, shape, and overall appearance. Reduced breasts were also compared with cosmetically optimal breasts to compare for measured levels of pseudoptosis using our defined visual inferior pole ratio measurements. Average reduction size was 910 g and follow-up was 4.7 years from the time of surgery. There was significant improvement demonstrated in all areas questioned, with the greatest relief shown in back and shoulder pain, shoulder grooving, and difficulty fitting clothing. There was also demonstrated to be significantly less use of medical modalities postoperatively and significant increases in activity levels. Satisfaction for size, shape, symmetry, and overall results was 85, 94, 98, and 94 percent, respectively. Evaluations for pseudoptosis by the attending surgeons were rated good or excellent in 95 percent of patients. Measurements of the visual inferior pole ratio for pseudoptosis also demonstrated no significant differences when compared with aesthetically optimal breasts. The modified Robertson reduction mammaplasty is a reliable technique that can be used for both small and large reductions, giving both reliable and consistent results. This technique significantly improves symptoms, as do other reduction techniques, but has the added advantage of helping to avoid pseudoptosis postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plastic Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9653, USA.
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chalekson
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Neumeister
authors.forename: Elvin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zook
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control