title: Stroke complicating percutaneous coronary interventions: incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stroke associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an infrequent although devastating complication. We investigated the incidence, predictors, and prognostic impact of periprocedural stroke in unselected patients undergoing PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9662 patients who underwent 12 407 PCIs between January 1990 and July 1999 were retrospectively studied. Stroke was diagnosed in 43 patients (0.38% of procedures). Patients with stroke were older (72+/-11 versus 64+/-11 years, P<0.001), had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (42+/-12 versus 46+/-13%, P=0.04) and more diabetes (39.5% versus 27.2%, P=0.07), and experienced a higher rate of intraprocedural complications necessitating emergency use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (23.3% versus 3.3%, P<0.001). In-hospital mortality (37.2% versus 1.1%, P<0.001) and 1-year mortality (56.1% versus 6.5%, P<0.001) were higher in patients with stroke. Compared with hemorrhagic stroke, patients with ischemic stroke had higher rate of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (57.1% versus 25%, P=0.037). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified emergency use of IABP as the strongest predictors for stroke (OR=9.6, CI 3.9 to 23.9, P<0.001), followed by prophylactic use of IABP (OR=5.1), age >80 years (OR=3.2, compared with age <50 years), and vein graft intervention (OR=2.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stroke associated with contemporary PCI is associated with substantial increased mortality. Elderly patients who experience intraprocedural complications necessitating the use of IABP are at particularly high risk.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA. shmuel.fuchs@medstar.net
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stabile
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kinnaird
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gruberg
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canos
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Pinnow
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kornowski
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Suddath
authors.forename: Lowell F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Satler
authors.forename: Augusto D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pichard
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome