title: Tracheal replacement: a critical review.
abstract: This review discusses the need for tracheal replacement, distinct from resection with primary anastomosis, the requirements for replacement, and the many efforts over the past century to accomplish this goal experimentally and clinically. Approaches have included use of foreign materials, nonviable tissue, autogenous tissue, tissue engineering, and transplantation. Biological problems in each category are noted.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. pguerriero@partners.org
authors.forename: Hermes C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Grillo
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006801:Humans; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014132:Trachea / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation