title: Twenty-four-hour pattern of intraocular pressure in young adults with moderate to severe myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the 24-hour change of intraocular pressure (IOP) in young adults with moderate to severe myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen young adults, ages 18 to 25 years, with moderate to severe myopia (myopia group) and 17 age-matched volunteers with emmetropia or mild myopia (control group) were housed for 1 day in a sleep laboratory. An 8-hour accustomed sleep period was assigned to each volunteer. Twelve measurements of IOP, axial length, blood pressure, and heart rate were taken at 2-hour intervals. In the wake period, blood pressure and heart rate were measured after a 5-minute bed rest. Axial length and IOP were measured in supine volunteers. Volunteers then sat for 5 minutes, after which IOP was measured. In the sleep period, measurements were taken in supine volunteers in bed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the myopia and control groups, the average supine IOP in the sleep period was higher than the average sitting IOP in the wake period. However, the magnitude of this IOP elevation at night was significantly less in the myopia group. In the sleep period, IOP was less in the myopia group than in the control group. When only the 24-hour supine IOP data were considered, the trough occurred at 1:30 AM, and the peak occurred around noon in the myopia group. In the control group, the trough was at 9:30 PM, and the peak at 5:30 AM. Least-square cosine fits showed 24-hour rhythms of supine IOP in both groups, but their phase timings were different. Axial length remained unchanged throughout the day and night in both groups. There was no difference in the 24-hour rhythms of mean blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering habitual body positions, IOP increases at night in young adults with moderate to severe myopia, but the magnitude of the increase is significantly less than that in the age-matched control subjects. There is a 24-hour rhythm of supine IOP in the myopic group, but the phase timing is different from that in the control subjects. These variations of IOP in young adults with moderate to severe myopia are not related to changes in cardiovascular parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA. joliu@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: John H K
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kripke
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Twa
authors.forename: Parag A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: Eric I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*