title: Mechanism of coenzyme recognition and binding revealed by crystal structure analysis of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase complexed with NADP+.
abstract: The flavoenzyme ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) catalyses the production of NADPH in photosynthesis. The three-dimensional structure of FNR presents two distinct domains, one for binding of the FAD prosthetic group and the other for NADP+ binding. In spite of extensive experiments and different crystallographic approaches, many aspects about how the NADP+ substrate binds to FNR and how the hydride ion is transferred from FAD to NADP+ remain unclear. The structure of an FNR:NADP+ complex from Anabaena has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of the cocrystallised units to 2.1 A resolution. Structural perturbation of FNR induced by complex formation produces a narrower cavity in which the 2'-phospho-AMP and pyrophosphate portions of the NADP+ are perfectly bound. In addition, the nicotinamide mononucleotide moiety is placed in a new pocket created near the FAD cofactor with the ribose being in a tight conformation. The crystal structure of this FNR:NADP+ complex obtained by cocrystallisation displays NADP+ in an unusual conformation and can be considered as an intermediate state in the process of coenzyme recognition and binding. Structural analysis and comparison with previously reported complexes allow us to postulate a mechanism which would permit efficient hydride transfer to occur. Besides, this structure gives new insights into the postulated formation of the ferredoxin:FNR:NADP+ ternary complex by prediction of new intermolecular interactions, which could only exist after FNR:NADP+ complex formation. Finally, structural comparison with the members of the broad FNR structural family also provides an explanation for the high specificity exhibited by FNR for NADP+/H versus NAD+/H.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Cristalografía Macromolecular y Biología Estructural, Instituto Química-Física Rocasolano, C.S.I.C., Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain. xjuan@iqfr.csic.es
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hermoso
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayoral
authors.forename: Merche
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faro
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Moreno
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz-Aparicio
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D017033:Anabaena / Q000201:enzymology*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004579:Electron Transport; D004583:Electrons; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009249:NADP; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase