title: Use of stents in the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of stenting in the palliation of malignant duodenal and gastric outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed our series of patients who underwent stenting for malignant upper gastrointestinal obstruction between March 1998 and December 1999. From January 2000 data have been acquired prospectively. Our series comprises 21 stents successfully deployed in 15 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical and clinical success was 93% (14/15 patients). One patient required endoscopic negotiation of recurrent gastric carcinoma at the gastrojejunostomy site after failure to cross the lesion fluroscopically. Two patients required re-intervention 2 and 5 weeks after initial stent placement, for migration and ingrowth respectively. Eighteen stents were placed transorally, two stents transhepatically and one via a transgastric approach. Early complications (pain < 3 days) occurred in two patients (13%) and late complications (ingrowth, overgrowth and migration) occurred in three patients (20%). The median survival was 2.4 months (range 2-4 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stenting provides a less invasive palliative option than surgery with the advantage of lower morbidity and complication rates. It has the advantage of high technical and clinical success rates facilitated by alternative routes of access into the upper gastrointestinal tract via transgastric and transhepatic routes in addition to the traditional peroral route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Aviv
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shyamalan
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tibballs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caplin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winslett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004380:Duodenal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome