title: Influence of herbicide structure, clay acidity, and humic acid coating on acetanilide herbicide adsorption on homoionic clays.
abstract: Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption decreased in the order metolachlor > acetochlor > alachlor > propachlor on Ca(2+)- or Mg(2+)-saturated clays and in the order metolachlor > alachlor > acetachlor > propachlor on Al(3+)- or Fe(3+)-saturated clays. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in bonding. For the same herbicide, adsorption of alachlor, acetachlor, and metolachlor on clay followed the order Ca(2+) approximately Mg(2+) < Al(3+) < or = Fe(3+), which coincided with the increasing acidity of homoionic clays. Adsorption of propachlor, however, showed an opposite dependence, suggesting a different governing interaction. In clay and humic acid mixtures, herbicide adsorption was less than that expected from independent additive adsorption by the individual constituents, and the deviation was dependent on the clay-to-humic acid ratio, with the greatest deviation consistently occurring at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University at Yuquan, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. wpliu@mail.hz.zj.cn
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yates
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000737:chemistry; D000083:Acetanilides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000327:Adsorption; D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations; D000077215:Clay; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014052:Toluidines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000083:Acetanilides; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002412:Cations; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D006812:Humic Substances; D012987:Soil; D014052:Toluidines; C011088:propachlor; C000188:alachlor; C043377:acetochlor; D000535:Aluminum; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium; D000077215:Clay; C051786:metolachlor