title: Effects of dietary ingredients on manure characteristics and odorous emissions from swine.
abstract: Two feeding studies were conducted to examine the impact of dietary inclusion of specific feed ingredients on manure characteristics and manure odor. In one study, 72 finishing pigs were used to evaluate the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on pig performance, manure characteristics, and odorous emissions. Three diets containing 0, 5, and 10% DDGS were fed during six 4-wk feeding periods. Week 1 served as a dietary adjustment period. Animals were housed in two feeding rooms (six pigs/room) with one treatment/room. A new group of animals (average initial BW = 85.8 kg) was used for each feeding period. Diets were replicated four times. Rooms were equipped with individual shallow manure storage pits that were cleaned once weekly (d 7). On d 4 and 7 of each week, manure pit samples, for chemical analyses, and air samples, for olfactometry analysis, were collected from each room. Odor dilution threshold was greater on d 7 than on d 4 of manure storage across all treatments (P < 0.01). No treatment differences in manure composition were noted. In the second study, weaned pigs (approximately 5 wk old) were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 1.5, or 3% bloodmeal. Pigs were housed by diet (three pigs/diet) in one of four individual feeding rooms. A new group of pigs was used for each of the two, 4-wk feeding periods. During period 1, the 3% bloodmeal diet was fed in two of the four rooms; the 0% bloodmeal diet was fed in two rooms during period 2. Manure samples, for chemical analyses, and air samples, for olfactometry analysis, were collected 2 d per week (d 4 and d 6) from each room during wk 2 through 4. No significant treatment differences were observed for odor dilution threshold (P = 0.30). Longer manure storage time, 6 d vs 4 d, resulted in a larger odor dilution ratio (P < 0.01). Manure composition was unaltered by storage time. Results suggest that odor intensifies during storage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gralapp
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bundy
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D009812:Odorants; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008372:Manure; D000641:Ammonia