title: Reduction of spastic hypertonia during repeated passive knee movements in stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify changes in spastic hypertonia during repeated passive isokinetic knee movements in stroke patients and to assess the role of muscle activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A between-groups design with repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation center for stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten stroke patients with hypertonia and 10 healthy subjects matched for age and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  With an isokinetic apparatus, movements were imposed on the knee in series of 10 repetitions at speeds of 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300 degrees /s.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spastic hypertonia was assessed on the basis of torque measurement and electromyographic activity of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the controls, stroke patients presented a significantly stronger torque reduction during the mid- and endphases of movements at all speeds tested (P<.05). The strongest torque decline occurred during knee flexion and during the first movements. The effect increased toward the end phase of movements and with increasing speeds. The effect of movement repetitions on torque measurements was unchanged after electromyographic activity was included in the statistical analysis, except during extension movements at 180 degrees /s and 300 degrees /s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive movements of the knee induced a decrease of spastic hypertonia in stroke patients through a combination of reflexive and mechanical factors. The role of these mechanisms is velocity dependent and differs for flexion and extension movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Leuven, Belgium. lieve.nuyens@flok.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Godelieve E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nuyens
authors.forename: Willy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: De Weerdt
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spaepen
authors.forename: Carlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiekens
authors.forename: Hilde M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Feys
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012016:Reference Values; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome