title: Coxsackievirus B4-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat cortical cultures.
abstract: Enterovirus infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are common and important causes of morbidity in immunocompromised children and adults. In this study we identify and characterize coxsackievirus B4-induced neuronal death. To investigate the CNS pathophysiology resulting from this viral infection, cultured rat neurons were infected with coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) and nuclear morphology, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and the effects of Actinomycin D or cycloheximide (CHX) were examined. CVB4 induced neuronal cell death within 24 h while PS externalization was apparent in cell bodies 16 h after CVB4 infection. Actinomycin D or CHX significantly reduced CVB4 induced-neuronal cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with CHX or actinomycin D also inhibited nuclear condensation, which occurred after CVB4 infection. However, the changes were relatively unresponsive to zVAD-fmk. These results suggest that CVB4 induces CHX- and actinomycin D-sensitive, but zVAD-fmk-insensitive neuronal apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 PoongNap-dong, SongPa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Yoo Kyum
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heuiran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: HeaNam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seung-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: DongHou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000821:virology; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D003609:Dactinomycin; D003513:Cycloheximide