title: Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia post-transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our purpose was to identify factors associated with hyperlipidemia post-transplantation in a Hispanic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1985 to 1999, a kidney graft survival longer than 3 months occurred in 293 cases at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición. Most of the patients living in Mexico City were included (n = 83). The evaluation included a questionnaire, blood samples, and assessment of body composition and dietary habits. As many as possible first-degree relatives were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women had higher values of cholesterol (236 +/- 51 versus 215 +/-41; P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (147 +/- 42 versus 131 +/- 34; P = 0.05), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (57.3 +/- 14 versus 47.9 +/- 14; P = 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein-2 cholesterol. Isolated hypercholesterolemia was the most common lipid abnormality (40.9%), followed by mixed hyperlipidemia. Lipoprotein (a) greater than 30 mg/dL was found in 13 cases. Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) in the patient's relatives was a marker for dyslipidemia (odds ratio, 7.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 59.7). These cases had a worse lipid profile. Cyclosporine-treated FCHL patients had higher lipid levels compared with the non-FCHL, cyclosporine-treated patients. The effects of cyclosporine on the lipid levels were lower, but significant, after the exclusion of the FCHL cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-transplant dyslipidemia is determined by genetic and environmental factors. FCHL in the patient's relatives was associated with post-transplant hyperlipidemia; an additive effect with cyclosporine was found. The evaluation of the lipid profile of relatives may be useful for the assessment of the risk of post-transplant dyslipidemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico. caguilarsalinas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Salinas
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Polanco
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Nayeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velásquez-Alva
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gómez Pérez
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alberú
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Correa-Rotter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000075202:Contraindications; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006950:Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002784:Cholesterol