title: Expression of the aspartate/glutamate mitochondrial carriers aralar1 and citrin during development and in adult rat tissues.
abstract: Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although it is known that aralar1 is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart and brain, whereas citrin is present in liver, kidney and heart, the precise tissue distribution of the two proteins in embryonic and adult tissues is largely unknown. We investigated the pattern of expression of aralar1 and citrin in murine embryonic and adult tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization analysis indicates that both isoforms are expressed strongly in the branchial arches, dermomyotome, limb and tail buds at early embryonic stages. However, citrin was more abundant in the ectodermal components of these structures whereas aralarl had a predominantly mesenchymal localization. The strong expression of citrin in the liver was acquired postnatally, whereas the characteristic expression of aralar1 in skeletal muscle was detected at E18 and that in the heart began early in development (E11) and was preferentially localized to auricular myocardium in late embryonic stages. Aralar1 was also expressed in bone marrow, T-lymphocytes and macrophages, including Kupffer cells in the liver, indicating that this is the major AGC isoform present in the hematopoietic system. Both aralar1 and citrin were expressed in fetal gut and adult stomach, ovary, testis, and pancreas, but only aralar1 is enriched in lung and insulin-secreting beta cells. These results show that aralar1 is expressed in many more tissues than originally believed and is absent from hepatocytes, where citrin is the only AGC isoform present. This explains why citrin deficiency in humans (type II citrullinemia) only affects the liver and suggests that aralar1 may compensate for the lack of citrin in other tissues.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Arco
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Juan Ramon
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martínez-Morales
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galián
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martos
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bovolenta
authors.forename: Jorgina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satrústegui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006413:Hematopoietic System / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C114606:SLC25A12 protein, human; C119629:SLC25A13 protein, human; C491956:Slc25a12 protein, mouse; C491957:Slc25a12 protein, rat; C492277:Slc25a13 protein, mouse; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium