title: Influence of increased environmental complexity on leg condition, performance, and level of fearfulness in broilers.
abstract: We hypothesized that increased distance between resources and stimulation of foraging behavior, through altering the degree of environmental complexity by using moving lights and scattering whole wheat in the litter, would improve physical activity of broiler chickens. Increased activity may potentially improve leg condition and performance and decrease the level of fearfulness in broilers. To test this hypothesis, 1,800 1-d-old male broilers were divided into 40 groups of 45 birds each (10 birds/m2). Each group was assigned to one of four treatments (10 replicates) as follows: barrier treatment (B) contained three barriers placed between the drinker line and the feeder. The light treatment (L) consisted of brightly colored moving lights projected on the pen floor for four 1-h periods/d throughout rearing. For the wheat treatment (W) wheat was dispersed on the floor from Days 8 to 17. Control birds (C) were maintained under standard management. Body weights and consumption were obtained throughout the rearing period. Gait score (GS), tibia length and diameter, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), bone ash, tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), bone breaking strength, and tonic immobility (TI) were measured at slaughter age. Mortality, body weight, feed conversion, FA, bone ash, TD, bone breaking strength, and TI duration did not differ significantly among groups. L birds had a higher GS than C and B birds and W birds had a higher GS than C birds (P < 0.05). Provision of barriers significantly increased the diameter of the tibia diaphysis (P = 0.05), which is a promising result for further studies to improve leg condition.
authors.affiliation: Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bizeray
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estevez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leterrier
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Faure
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004777:Environment; D005239:Fear; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary