Virtual reality simulation of arthroscopy of the knee.
The virtual reality arthroscopic knee simulator (VR-AKS) consists of a computer platform, a video display, and two force-feedback (haptic) interfaces known as "PHANToMs" that also monitor the position of the instruments in the user's hands. The forces that the user would normally apply to the lower limb during arthroscopy are directed through an instrumented surrogate leg. Proprietary software provides the mathematical representation of the physical world and replicates the visual, mechanical, and behavioral aspects of the knee. This includes moderating the haptic interface and simultaneously executing a collision-detection algorithm that prevents the instruments from moving through "solid" surfaces. Modeling software interacts with this algorithm to send the appropriate images to the video display, including knee pathology such as meniscal tears and chondral defects as well as normal anatomy. Task-oriented programs monitor specific performance such as executing a proper examination of the knee or shaving a torn meniscus.
Mabrey
Jay D
JD
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Council on Education Task Force on Virtual Reality, USA. Mabrey@uthscsa.edu
Gillogly
Scott D
SD
Kasser
James R
JR
Sweeney
Howard J
HJ
Zarins
Bertram
B
Mevis
Howard
H
Garrett
William E
WE
Poss
Robert
R
Cannon
W Dilworth
WD
D001182:Arthroscopy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018961:Educational Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014584:User-Computer Interface