title: Antiseptics for preventing omphalitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omphalitis may cause serious complications and contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality. From January 1997 to August 1998, the incidence of omphalitis in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital had been increased from 0.9 to 17.4 per 1,000 live births. A prospective randomized trial using antiseptic applied directly to the umbilical stump was conducted aiming to reduce an epidemic outbreak of omphalitis in the newborn nursery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine which antiseptic is appropriate for preventing omphalitis in the newborn infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn infants delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital were randomized into group A (Triple dye) or group B (70% Alcohol). The infant with omphalitis was assessed by a pediatrician or a neonatology fellow. At home, the same antiseptic will be continually applied to the umbilical stump daily until a few days after cord detachment. Relative risk was calculated and statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and twenty-seven infants were enrolled. Birth weight, gestational age and gender of the infants in both groups were not different. There were no known maternal risk factors for omphalitis. Omphalitis was observed in 9/213 (4.2%) infants in group A and 23/214 (10.7%) infants in group B. The relative incidence rate between each group was statistically significant (p<0.01). Triple dye group was 60 per cent less likely to develop omphalitis compared to 70 per cent Alcohol group (RR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.83). The mean duration for cord detachment were 13.6 and 11.5 days in group A and group B, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During an epidemic outbreak of omphalitis, Triple dye was the most appropriate and effective antiseptic to prevent omphalitis but could delay cord separation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sopapan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panyavudhikrai
authors.forename: Somwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danchaivijitr
authors.forename: Chanchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vantanasiri
authors.forename: Suwanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trakulsomboon
authors.forename: Thrathip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolatat
authors.forename: Chertsak
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhiraputra
authors.forename: Varaporn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poomsuwan
authors.forename: Nitaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srihapol
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local