title: Improved dissolution behaviour of steam-granulated piroxicam.
abstract: In this paper we prepared and characterized improved release granulates containing Piroxicam and beta-cyclodextrins (1:2.5 molar ratio), obtained by steam-aided granulation, using a one-step rotogranulator, Rotolab. These granulates were compared to those prepared by traditional wet granulation, to the physical mixture, and to the kneaded and dry granulates. The experimental data showed a significant reduction of the water amount required (50%) and of the working time, with respect to traditional wet granulation. The samples examined by scanning electron microscopy and fractal analysis revealed morphological differences related to the method of preparation: the steam-granulated material showed a diffuse porosity, as confirmed by the porosity test. Differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and X-ray analysis revealed the absence of polymorphs in the solid state of the drug. The results of the dissolution tests suggest that the steam-aided granulation may be considered a useful method to improve the in vitro dissolution rate of Piroxicam, enabling also a considerable reduction in the processing time.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. cavallar@biocfarm.unibo.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: Marisa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: González-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abertini
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013227:Steam; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D013227:Steam; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D010894:Piroxicam; C031215:betadex