title: Fractures in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: a nationwide follow-up study in 16,249 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study fracture risk in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with hyperthyroidism or autoimmune hypothyroidism diagnosed for the first time between 1983 and 1996 in Denmark were identified through the National Patient Discharge Register. Each patient was compared with three age- and gender-matched controls randomly selected from the general population. Fracture occurrence before and after diagnosis was compared between patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11,776 patients with hyperthyroidism (6301 patients with diffuse toxic goiter, mean age, 52.1 +/- 18.6 years, and 5475 with nodular toxic goiter, mean age, 60.4 +/- 15.9 years), and 4473 patients with hypothyroidism (mean age, 66.1 +/- 17.3) were identified. In patients with hyperthyroidism, fracture risk was only significantly increased around the time of diagnosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] between 1.26 and 2.29), but decreased to normal levels after diagnosis. Surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism was associated with a decreased fracture risk after diagnosis (RR = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.78). In hypothyroidism, fracture risk was significantly increased both before and after diagnosis with a peak around the time of diagnosis (IRR between 2.17 and 2.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fracture risk is increased in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Thyroid surgery seems associated with a decreased fracture risk in hyperthyroid patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aahus Amtssygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. p-vest@post4.tele.dk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosekilde
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome