title: Spectrum of reoperations after repair of aortic coarctation: importance of an individualized approach because of coexistent cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the indications for and spectrum of late reoperations in adults who had previously undergone coarctation repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed clinical, cardiac catheterization, and echocardiographic data and criteria for reoperation, surgical procedures, and outcome in 43 patients who underwent 54 reoperations between 1972 and 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the reoperations for recoarctation or associated cardiovascular disease (or both), 20% were performed in asymptomatic patients and 80% in symptomatic patients. Associated cardiovascular disease included bicuspid aortic valve in 36 patients (84%), aortic arch hypoplasia in 12 (28%), true or false aortic aneurysm in 6 (14%), mitral valve disease in 6 (14%), and subvalvular aortic stenosis in 5 (12%). Surgical procedures included 22 recoarctation repairs and 32 other cardiovascular interventions. Simultaneous repair of recoarctation and associated cardiovascular disease was performed as a single-stage repair in 5 reoperations through a median sternotomy using an extra-anatomic, ascending-to-descending aortic bypass, with no complications. One patient died (surgical mortality, 1.9%) of preexisting severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After coarctation repair, associated cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause for reoperation. An individualized surgical approach is important and may range from valve replacement or recoarctation surgery to extra-anatomic bypass combined with other cardiovascular procedures, enabling simultaneous repair of recoarctation and associated lesions. Despite complex surgical techniques and multiple reoperations, morbidity and mortality were low in our series.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Christine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Attenhofer Jost
authors.forename: Hartzell V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Danielson
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dearani
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Puga
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Warnes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome