title: Serum interleukin-6 level is a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects of levamisole and Chinese medicinal herbs on patients with oral lichen planus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has effects on cellular and humoral immunities. Previous studies have shown that keratinocytes and tissue-infiltrating mononuclear cells from OLP lesions can secrete IL-6. In some OLP patients, the high serum IL-6 levels are reduced after treatment, suggesting that IL-6 may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the disease status of OLP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we used a solid phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 in a group of 180 patients with erosive OLP (EOLP), nonerosive OLP (NEOLP), erythema multiforme (EM), traumatic ulcers (TU), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), pemphigus vulgaris (PV), or Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and in 77 normal control subjects. Some OLP patients were treated with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs or levamisole only for 0.5-5.5 months and their serum IL-6 levels were measured after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that approximately 99% of the normal control subjects and the patients with EM, TU, or OSF had a normal serum IL-6 level less than 5.0 pg/ml. However, 15% (22/149) OLP patients, 15% (20/136) EOLP patients, 20% (5/25) major type EOLP patients, 14% (15/111) minor type EOLP patients, 15% (2/13) NEOLP patients, 14% (1/7) EM patients, 43% (3/7) PV patients, and 100% (6/6) SS patients had a serum IL-6 level greater than 5.0 pg/ml. The mean serum IL-6 level in patients with OLP (3.4 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001), EOLP (3.4 +/- 3.2 pg/ml, P < 0.001), major type EOLP (4.9 +/- 3.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001), minor type EOLP (3.0 +/- 3.0 pg/ml, P < 0.01), or NEOLP (4.2 +/- 1.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001) was significantly higher than that in normal control subjects (2.0 +/- 1.5 pg/ml). A significant difference in the mean serum IL-6 level was also found between major type and minor type EOLP patients (P < 0.01). The mean reduction of serum IL-6 level in OLP patients treated with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs was significantly higher (7.4 +/- 4.7 pg/ml) than that in OLP patients treated with levamisole only (3.8 +/- 2.3 pg/ml, P < 0.05), suggesting that the combination therapy was superior to levamisole only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that levamisole and levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum IL-6 level in OLP patients. IL-6 may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the disease status of OLP.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National, Taiwan University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jean-San
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Yu-Fong
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D027885:Astragalus propinquus; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004892:Erythema Multiforme / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000097:blood; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000293:injuries; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000097:blood; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000097:blood; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000097:blood; D008517:Phytotherapy; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007978:Levamisole; C027492:Huang Qi