title: Serum depletion and bioavailability of lutein in type I diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lutein, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, is frequently consumed in the human diet. It is distributed preferentially in certain human tissues (i. e., retina) and shows a high antioxidant activity. Type 1 diabetic patients have been considered to be at risk of increased oxidative stress that may contribute to accelerated atherogenesis and to the microangiopathic complications of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the serum depletion rate and bioavailability of lutein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten type 1 diabetics and eight controls consumed a low carotenoid diet for 21 days and the bioavailability study was performed in 7 diabetics and 5 controls on day 15 with the administration of a capsule of lutein esters from marigold extract. Samples were collected at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 15 (eight times during 9 h), 16, 17 and 21. Lutein and other carotenoids were determined by HPLC in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions and plasma or serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum depletion curve, area of concentrations under time curve (AUC) and final concentration percentages were similar in diabetics and controls. In the bioavailability study, all-trans-lutein increased in both groups and AUC, maxima concentrations in TRL and serum and time required for maxima concentration in serum were similar in diabetics and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that in the group of patients assessed, type 1 diabetes mellitus does not apparently influence the absorption and depletion rate of lutein in serum.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Nutrición, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granado
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olmedilla
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002338:Carotenoids; D014975:Lutein