title: Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This investigation determined whether pre-exercise oral Cr ingestion could enhance prolonged intermittent sprint exercise performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  a randomised, double-blind crossover design was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  testing was performed at the Western Australian Institute of Sport and participants were monitored and treated by both scientific and medical personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  eight active, but not well-trained males with a background in multiple-sprint based sports acted as subjects for this investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  subjects ingested either 15 g Cr.H2O or placebo 120 min and 60 min prior to the start of an 80-min maximal sprint cycling task (10 sets of multiple 6-sec sprints with varying active recoveries). Subjects were retested 14 days later, being required to ingest the alternate supplement and repeat the exercise test.
  
  
  METHODS
  performance variables (work done and peak power) were obtained throughout the exercise challenge. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were raised to a peak of 2348+/-223 micromol x l(-1) prior to the commencement of exercise after Cr ingestion. There were no significant changes in any cycling performance parameters following Cr ingestion, although blood La- was significantly lower (p<0.05) than placebo at all time points during were taken preexercise as well as immediately and 3 min post-exercise in order to determine concentrations of ATP, PCr, Cr, La- and glycogen. Venous blood was drawn prior to and on four occasions during the exercise test, and analysed for Cr, NH3+, La- and pH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Cr concentrations exercise, and plasma NH3+ accumulation was also significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the Cr condition, but only in the second half of the 80-min exercise test. Muscle ATP and TCr levels as well as postexercise PCr replenishment were unaffected following Cr administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that although the pre-exercise ingestion of a large Cr dose was shown to have some impact on blood borne metabolites, it does not improve maximal prolonged intermittent sprint exercise performance, possibly due to an insufficient time allowed for uptake of serum Cr by skeletal muscle to occur. Therefore, this form of loading does not provide an alternative method of Cr supplementation to the traditional five-day supplementation regimes established by previous research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. dpreen@mbox.com.au
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Preen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beilby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ching
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D000641:Ammonia; D003401:Creatine