title: The effects of TCP fabricated with amino acid binders on the proliferation and viability of fibroblast cells.
abstract: Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials were produced, by fusing individual crystals together at 1200 degrees C. This ceramic material has the ability to interact with and bond to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, ceramics can serve as scaffolds for tissue growth. The objective of this study was to determine if ceramics formulated with amino acid binders can enhance and support cell growth. A total of 147 tubes containing 1 x 10(5) MRC5 cells were divided into seven equal groups. Group I served as control, Groups II-VI were incubated with ceramics containing amino acid binders (ASP, CYS, HIS, LYS, or SER, respectively) and Group VII served as ceramic without binder control. Equal numbers of tubes were terminated from each group at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell numbers, morphology and markers of cell damage were determined at each time point. Results indicated: 1) Total cell numbers at 24 hours were increased in all experimental groups when compared with control. Increased levels of MDA were associated with control cells. 2). At 48 hours the total cell numbers in comparison to the control cells were increased in all groups with the exception of HIS. In addition to cell number, cellular adhesion was also increased in the experimental groups compared with the control. Significant increases in MDA levels were detected at 24 hours in the CYS treated cells. 3). Cellular adhesion in the experimental groups was increased over the control, but the total cell number was only increased in the ceramic material groups containing CYS and LYS. Cells exposed to ceramics with SER as a binder showed decreased cell numbers as well as increased MDA levels at this time point in comparison to control and other binders. Morphological evaluation of the cells showed amino acid binders with acidic side chains caused an increase in the presence of spindled shaped cells. Neutral side chains resulted in cells with elongated appearances, and basic side chains caused the cells to be less elongated. In conclusion, amino acid binders are able to induce the cells to adhere, proliferate and affect their morphological appearance as early as 24 hours.
authors.affiliation: University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trussell
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benghuzzi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D011506:Proteins; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C094280:hydroxyapatite-tricalciumphosphate composite; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous