title: Activation rules: the two-signal theories of immune activation.
abstract: Two-signal theories of lymphocyte activation have evolved considerably over the past 35 years. In this article, we examine the contemporary experimental observations and theoretical concerns that have helped to forge the most influential variants of the theory. We also propose that more-rigorous quantitative methods are required to sustain theoretical development in the future.
authors.affiliation: Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia. A.Baxter@centenary.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hodgkin
mesh_terms: D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000266:history; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000266:history; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018448:Models, Immunological; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007519:Isoantigens