title: Stigma and self-esteem in manic depression: an exploratory study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As part of a larger study on coping styles in manic depressive patients, it was felt that self-esteem and stigmatisation, two areas that have received little attention in connection with this illness, warranted investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on self-esteem and feelings of stigmatisation was piloted. The rationale of the questionnaire is explained and data on its reliability and validity are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This pilot study suggests a relationship between mood and self-esteem, while feelings of stigmatisation seem to be relatively independent of mood. However, some relationship between self-esteem and stigmatisation is suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study focused on an atypical group of patients, and the questionnaire had never been used before. For this reason, the results can be best seen as suggesting further research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that issues of self-esteem and stigmatisation can have considerable clinical significance in this client group. For this reason, we hope this paper will stimulate interest in these areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK. p.hayward@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jenifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires