Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia: III. Retinoids.
Present antipsychotic drugs, whose clinical activity correlates with direct binding to dopamine D2 or other receptors, alleviate some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, but not all and not completely in many patients. In continuation of our overview of potential novel antipsychotic pharmacotherapy that would be based upon indirect modulation of dopamine or other neurotransmitter functioning, we focus in this article on the postulated use of retinoid analogs as novel antipsychotic agents. Several lines of evidence can be viewed as implicating retinoid dysregulation in schizophrenia, either as a causative or contributory factor. It has been proposed that using retinoid analogs to alter the downstream expression of dopamine D2 receptors might represent a novel approach to the treatment of the disease or amelioration of symptoms when used either as monotherapy or as adjunct pharmacotherapy to dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.
Citver
Anne Schock
AS
Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Shields
Anastasia M
AM
Ciaccia
Lisa M
LM
Schulingkamp
Robert J
RJ
Raffa
Robert B
RB
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012176:Retinoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D012176:Retinoids