title: The science of ART.
abstract: The methods of gamete manipulation used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) are rapidly proliferating and in some instances outpacing the underlying science. In this review, we discuss two major advances in the ART laboratory-intracytoplasmic sperm injection and extended embryo culture before embryo transfer. We outline the rationale for these approaches, discuss results of experiments obtained from animal model systems and human preimplantation embryos that provide the scientific basis for these procedures, and point out potential concerns that have arisen from these studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA. rschultz@mail.sas.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Carmen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media