title: Short-term low-dose corticosteroids vs placebo and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of low dose corticosteroids, equivalent to 15 mg prednisolone daily or less, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been questioned. We therefore performed a systematic review of trials which compared corticosteroids with placebo or non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether short-term (i.e. as recorded within the first month of therapy), oral low-dose corticosteroids (corresponding to a maximum of 15 mg prednisolone daily) is superior to placebo and non steroidal, antiinflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline Silverplatter, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, reference lists and a personal archive. Date of last search Nov 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is an update to a previous review which was peer-review and published in the Cochrane Library. All randomised studies comparing an oral corticosteroid (not exceeding an equivalent of 15 mg prednisolone daily) with placebo or a non steroidal, antiinflammatory drug were eligible if they reported clinical outcomes within one month after start of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decisions on which trials to include were made independently by two observers based on the methods sections of the trials only. Standardised effect measures were used for the statistical analyses; the random effects model was used if P<0.10 for the test of heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies, involving 320 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Prednisolone had a marked effect over placebo on joint tenderness (standardised effect size 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.83), pain (standardised effect size 1.75, 0.87 to 2.64) and grip strength (standardised effect size 0.41, 0.13 to 0.69). Measured in the original units, the differences were 12 tender joints (6 to 18) and 22 mm Hg (5 to 40) for grip strength. Prednisolone also had a greater effect than non steroidal, antiinflammatory drugs on joint tenderness (standardised effect size 0.63, 0.11 to 1.16) and pain (standardised effect size 1.25, 0.26 to 2.24), whereas the difference in grip strength was not significant (standardised effect size 0.31, -0.02 to 0.64). Measured in the original units, the differences were 9 tender joints (5 to 12) and 12 mm Hg (-6 to 31). The risk of adverse effects, also during moderate- and long-term use, seemed acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prednisolone in low doses (not exceeding 15 mg daily) may be used intermittently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, particularly if the disease cannot be controlled by other means. Since prednisolone is highly effective, short-term placebo controlled trials studying the clinical effect of low-dose prednisolone or other oral corticosteroids are no longer necessary.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Cochrane Centre, Rigshospitalet, Dept. 7112, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. p.c.gotzsche@cochrane.dk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gotzsche
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011239:Prednisolone