title: The expression of DNA methyltransferases and methyl-CpG-binding proteins is not associated with the methylation status of p14(ARF), p16(INK4a) and RASSF1A in human lung cancer cell lines.
abstract: Promoter hypermethylation is an important means for the transcriptional repression of a number of cancer-associated genes. However, the underlying mechanism of this aberration in cancer remains unclear. Here, we examined 5' CpG island methylation status and expression of the p14(ARF), p16(INK4a) and RASSF1A tumor suppressor genes, and investigated the relationship of these factors with the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and/or methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MBPs) in 30 lung cancer cell lines including 12 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and 18 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). When beta-actin was used as an internal control, the mRNA expression of three DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and five MBPs (MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, MBD4, and MeCP2) was upregulated in SCLC, while only that of DNMT1, DNMT3B and MBD3 was upregulated in NSCLC, compared with normal lung tissues. However, when normalized using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an internal control, these differences disappeared or diminished; there was even a significant reduction in the expression ratios of DNMT1, MBD2 and MeCP2 in SCLC and DNMT1, MBD2 and MBD4 in NSCLC. Furthermore, although significant correlations between PCNA expression and mRNA expression levels of the three DNMTs and four of the MBPs (excluding MeCP2) were observed, there was no obvious correlation between promoter hypermethylation of these tumor suppressor genes and the expression level of any of the DNMTs or MBPs. Our results suggest that upregulation of DNMTs and MBPs probably reflects an increased cell proliferation in human lung cancers and that there are likely to exist gene-specific mechanisms for epigenetic gene silencing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekido
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Minna
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases