Penetration, adhesion, and fusion in mammalian sperm-egg interaction.
Fertilization is the sum of the cellular mechanisms that pass the genome from one generation to the next and initiate development of a new organism. A typical, ovulated mammalian egg is enclosed by two layers: an outer layer of approximately 5000 cumulus cells and an inner, thick extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. To reach the egg plasma membrane, sperm must penetrate both layers in steps requiring sperm motility, sperm surface enzymes, and probably sperm-secreted enzymes. Sperm also bind transiently to the egg zona pellucida and the egg plasma membrane and then fuse. Signaling in the sperm is induced by sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida, and signaling in the egg by gamete fusion. The gamete molecules and molecular interactions with essential roles in these events are gradually being discovered.
Primakoff
Paul
P
Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. pdprimakoff@ucdavis.edu
Myles
Diana G
DG
D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000502:physiology; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins
D004527:Egg Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072216:Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins