title: Serum-dependence of LPS-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is neurotoxic both in vitro and in vivo. The rate of binding of LPS to a target cell is greatly enhanced by serum in general and by LPS binding protein (LBP) in particular. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to determine if microglia activation and LPS-induced neurotoxicity is serum or LBP dependent. A murine microglial cell line, BV2, was used to assess the serum dependence of nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor a release in microglia. Embryonic rat cortical neuron/glia mixed cultures were used to determine the serum dependence of LPS-induced neurotoxicity. Our results from both cell culture systems show that LPS-induced inflammatory responses are serum dependent at lower doses of LPS and progressively become serum independent above 10 ng/ml. Purified human recombinant LBP reconstitutes the lost LPS-induced inflammatory responses in primary and immortalized cell cultures treated with heat-denatured serum and appears to account for the serum dependence. These data suggest that the cell surface signaling receptor for LPS at the low and high concentrations are likely to differ, consistent with the existence of a variety of LPS receptors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Science, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA. clcooper@truman.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Gwang-Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jeohn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: Jau-Shyong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051379:Mice; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein