title: Interleukin-1beta elevates cyclooxygenase-2 protein level and enzyme activity via increasing its mRNA stability in human endometrial stromal cells: an effect mediated by extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2.
abstract: We investigated the regulation of PG production in human endometrial stromal cells (ESC) by IL-1beta. We found that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein levels and PGE(2) production in ESC were significantly increased by IL-1beta. COX-2 mRNA, protein, and PGE(2) levels in IL-1beta-treated ESC were decreased by a PKA inhibitor, a nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor, but not by a p38 MAPK inhibitor or a PKC inhibitor, suggesting the possible involvement of PKA, NF-kappaB, and/or the ERK1/2 signaling pathway(s) in IL-1beta-mediated COX-2 gene induction in ESC. We then transiently transfected deletion mutants of the COX-2 promoter fused to the luciferase reporter gene and variants of -360/+56 bp promoter construct carrying different site-directed mutations of selected cis-acting elements. We determined that a NF-kappaB site (-222/-213 bp), a nuclear factor for IL-6 expression site (NF-IL6, -132/-124 bp), and a cAMP response element (-59/-52 bp) were essential for the baseline COX-2 gene promoter regulation. The addition of IL-1beta, however, did not affect the activity of these COX-2 promoter constructs. To investigate the potential effects of IL-1beta on COX-2 mRNA stability, ESC were treated with actinomycin D, a general transcription inhibitor, in the absence or presence of IL-1beta. We found that 1) IL-1beta significantly increased COX-2 mRNA stability; 2) continuous transcription was not required to sustain the IL-1beta-induced COX-2 mRNA levels; and 3) COX-2 mRNA was highly unstable in the absence of IL-1beta. Additionally, we found that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was essential for stabilizing COX-2 mRNA. We conclude that levels of COX-2 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in ESC are controlled by various signaling pathways, including PKA, ERK1/2, and NF-kappaB. Moreover, posttranscriptional mRNA stability is an important mechanism for IL-1beta-induced elevation of COX-2 expression in ESC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Siby
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: Sijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bilgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gurates
authors.forename: Zongjuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Serdar E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bulun
mesh_terms: D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009570:Nitriles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C113580:U 0126; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; D011392:Proline; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone