title: One hundred alcoholic doctors: a 21-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the long-term recovery rate among 100 alcoholic doctors over a 21-year period. Included are 20 doctors who relapsed and re-recovered, 10 who died of non-alcohol related causes and eight who died of alcohol-linked causes. Also reported are abstinence, attendance at self-help group meetings, mortality and employment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected doctors were the first 100 consecutive alcoholic doctors to become members of the North West Doctors and Dentists Group (NWDDG) between 1980 and 1988. Information sources combine prospective data obtained from each doctor at the time of first contact with the results of questionnaires distributed in 1988 and 2001 and continuing prospective reporting of mortality by relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a 9% incidence of oral or oesophagopharyngeal cancer. Reported mortality, mostly by relatives, revealed that 24 doctors died directly of their alcoholism. We observed a 73% recovery rate for a 17-year average duration, over a 21-year period. Comparison of recovery with abstinence showed a strong correlation. For the first 6 months of recovery, there was also a strong relationship between recovery and attending meetings of self-help groups. This relationship is not sustained in the long term, though 14 doctors with an average recovery of 20 years still attend meetings regularly. Of 56 doctors currently known to have survived, 29 have retired and 27 are still working as doctors. Three doctors have been drinking normally for an average of 17 years.
authors.affiliation: 2 Saxfield Drive, Baguley Hall, Manchester M23 1PY, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010815:Physician Impairment / Q000523:psychology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D013695:Temperance; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome