title: Retrospective multicentre study on mechanical and enzymatic preparation of fresh and cryopreserved testicular biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isolation of sperm suitable for ICSI from fresh or frozen-thawed testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can be facilitated by mechanical or enzymatic processing of the samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective multicentre study was initiated to compare these two approaches. Eleven German centres provided data on their TESE cycles performed during the period 1996/1997. Quality of retrieved sperm, fertilization rates of injected oocytes, embryo quality, resulting pregnancy rates and evolution of pregnancies were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of cycles with at least some motile sperm available for injection was higher after mechanical preparation. Independent of the preparation method, fertilization rates were higher for motile compared with immotile sperm or elongated spermatids in all groups and in general higher for cryopreserved versus fresh samples. Embryo quality was significantly better after injection of motile sperm for all treatments and in particular after enzymatic versus mechanical processing of biopsies. Pregnancy rates were identical for embryos derived from sperm prepared mechanically or enzymatically from fresh or cryopreserved testicular samples. The abortion rate (32/172, 18.6%) and the rate of multiple implantations (32/140, 22.9%) were not different from results reported in the literature for ICSI using ejaculated sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective multicentre study, no unequivocal advantage of one over the other preparation method could be identified in 839 ICSI cycles using testicular sperm from 549 patients.
authors.affiliation: Fertility Center Hamburg, Speersort 4, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany. vbaukloh@fertility-center-hh.de
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baukloh
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D004798:Enzymes; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013087:Spermatids / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes