title: Biomechanical effects of hydration in vocal fold tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has often been hypothesized, with little empirical support, that vocal fold hydration affects voice production by mediating changes in vocal fold tissue rheology. To test this hypothesis, we attempted in this study to quantify the effects of hydration on the viscoelastic shear properties of vocal fold tissues in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osmotic changes in hydration (dehydration and rehydration) of 5 excised canine larynges were induced by sequential incubation of the tissues in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions. Elastic shear modulus (G'), dynamic viscosity eta' and the damping ratio zeta of the vocal fold mucosa (lamina propria) were measured as a function of frequency (0.01 to 15 Hz) with a torsional rheometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vocal fold tissue stiffness (G') and viscosity (eta) increased significantly (by 4 to 7 times) with the osmotically induced dehydration, whereas they decreased by 22% to 38% on the induced rehydration. Damping ratio (zeta) also increased with dehydration and decreased with rehydration, but the detected differences were not statistically significant at all frequencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the long-standing hypothesis that hydration affects vocal fold vibration by altering tissue rheologic (or viscoelastic) properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated the biomechanical importance of hydration in vocal fold tissues and suggested that hydration approaches may potentially improve the biomechanics of phonation in vocal fold lesions involving disordered fluid balance.
authors.affiliation: Vocal Fold Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. rchan@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Niro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003681:Dehydration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004548:Elasticity; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology; D012212:Rheology; D014783:Viscosity; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*