CpG DNA: recognition by and activation of monocytes.
Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly trigger an innate immune response characterized by the activation of Ig- and cytokine-secreting cells. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs mimic this activity, triggering monocytes to proliferate, secrete and/or differentiate. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODNs led to the identification of two structurally distinct classes of CpG motif that differentially activate human monocytes. ODNs of the "K"-type interact with Toll-like receptor 9 and induce monocytes to proliferate and secrete IL-6. In contrast, "D"-type ODNs trigger monocytes to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
Klinman
Dennis M
DM
Retroviral Immunology Section, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bldg 29A Rm 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. klinman@cber.fda.gov
Takeshita
Fumihiko
F
Gursel
Ihsan
I
Leifer
Cynthia
C
Ishii
Ken J
KJ
Verthelyi
Daniela
D
Gursel
Mayda
M
D000818:Animals; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors