Selection of relevant dietary indicators for health.
OBJECTIVE
To define a set of dietary components that are relevant determinants for health in Europe. The selected components are intended to serve as nutrition indicators for health in the European Health Monitoring Programme and, as such, must be limited in number, relevant to health in Europe and practical for all involved countries with respect to data gathering and comparability of data.


METHODS
Major nutrition factors were determined by reviewing relevant epidemiological and clinical literature in nutrition and health as well as referring to reports from international expert groups, including the report from the project Nutrition and Diet for Healthy Lifestyles in Europe. The selection of factors was also based on the relative ease and cost involved for participating countries to obtain comparable and valid data.


RESULTS
The selected factors include foods or food groups as well as individual nutrients. Biomarkers are suggested for selected nutrients that pose the greatest difficulty in obtaining valid and comparable data from dietary studies.


CONCLUSIONS
The following list of diet indicators for health monitoring in Europe was agreed upon by the EFCOSUM group in 2001, in order of priority: vegetables, fruit, bread, fish, saturated fatty acids as percentage of energy (%E), total fat as %E, and ethanol in grams per day. Biomarkers were suggested for the following nutrients: folate, vitamin D, iron, iodine and sodium. Energy has to be assessed in order to calculate %E from total fat and saturated fatty acids.
Steingrímsdóttir
L
L
Icelandic Nutrition Council, Reykjavík, Iceland. laufey@manneldi.is
Ovesen
L
L
Moreiras
O
O
Jacob
S
S
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005523:Food Supply; D005638:Fruit; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014675:Vegetables
D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats