title: Synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation of oximino-piperidino-piperidine amides. 1. Orally bioavailable CCR5 receptor antagonists with potent anti-HIV activity.
abstract: We previously reported the discovery of 4-[(Z)-(4-bromophenyl)(ethoxyimino)methyl]-1'-[(2,4-dimethyl-3-pyridinyl)carbonyl]-4'-methyl-1,4'-bipiperidine N-oxide 1 (SCH 351125) as an orally bioavailable human CCR5 antagonist for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Herein, we describe in detail the discovery of 1 from our initial lead compound as well as the synthesis and SAR studies directed toward optimization of substitution at the phenyl, oxime, and right-hand side amide groups in the oximino-piperidino-piperidine series. Substitutions (4-Br, 4-CF(3), 4-OCF(3), 4-SO(2)Me, and 4-Cl) at the phenyl group are well-tolerated, and small alkyl substitutions (Me, Et, (n)()Pr, (i)()Pr, and cyclopropyl methyl) at the oxime moiety are preferred for CCR5 antagonism. The 2,6-dimethylnicotinamide N-oxide moiety is the optimal choice for the right-hand side. Several compounds in this series, including compound 1, exhibited excellent antiviral activity in vitro. Compound 1, which has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in rodents and primates, excellent oral bioavailability, and potent antiviral activity against a wide range of primary HIV-1 isolates, is a potentially promising new candidate for treatment of HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA. anandan.palani@spcorp.com
authors.forename: Anandan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palani
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Josien
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bara
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Clader
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Greenlee
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Strizki
authors.forename: Bahige M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Baroudy
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D002460:Cell Line; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D010091:Oximes; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D010091:Oximes; D010880:Piperidines; D011725:Pyridines; C438583:Ancriviroc