title: [Therapeutic advantages of rigid transurethral ureteroscopy in ureteral lithiasic pathology: retrospective study of 735 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the results achieved by rigid transurethral ureteroscopy for the management of ureteral calculi over a period of 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1991 to November 2000, 735 rigid transurethral ureteroscopy procedures for ureteral calculi were performed in our Lithotripsy Unit. The rigid ureteroscopes utilized ranged from 9.5-11.5 F. There was a higher prevalence of male patients (63%). The mean age was 49.9 years. Calculi were more frequently localized in the pelvic ureter (74.2%). The mean maximum diameter of the calculi was 9.6 mm and caused moderate to severe uropathy in 78.6% of the cases and functional impairment in 3.7% of the cases. After performing ureteroscopy, a double-J catheter was left indwelling in 65.8% of the patients. The patients were discharged from hospital usually 12-18 h after the endoscopic procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 735 ureteroscopies performed, satisfactory results were achieved in 676 cases (92%); stone resolution was not achieved in 59 cases. For complete resolution of the calculi, mechanical or electrokinetic fragmentation was used in a high proportion of patients (56.3%). Removal of the stone or stone fragments was mainly by forceps (79.7%); the Dormia basket was used in 18.2% of the cases. The complications occurred during or immediately after the procedure and were minor (10.7%), although there were 3 patients with major complications (2 ureteral eversion and one case of ureteral avulsion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our view, rigid transurethral ureteroscopy is a useful, safe and efficient technique in the treatment of calculi in the pelvic ureter, and in selected cases of calculi in the sacral or lumbar level, after failed ESWL. Rigid transurethral ureteroscopy achieves excellent resolution and the complications are scanty.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Litotricia, URSA, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano Pascual
authors.forename: Eldiberto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández Fernández
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Burgos Revilla
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Platas Sancho
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diez-Yanguas Iza
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Páramo de Santiago
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lovaco Castellano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014521:Urethra