title: Common causes of pleural effusion in referral hospital in Isfahan, Iran 1997-1998.
abstract: During a one-year period to September 1998, data were collected from all 213 patients referred with pleural effusion. There were 132 males and 81 females; their ages ranged from 18 to 85 years. The most common etiologies of effusion were congestive heart failure (39.4%), malignancy (27.2%), pneumonia (8%), empyema (5.2%), and tuberculosis (5.2%). Pleural effusions are frequent in Iran, and the causes are fairly similar to those reported by European authors, but with slightly more tuberculosis cases, mostly among Afghan refugees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Al-Zahra Medical Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. golshan@medscape.com
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faghihi
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghanbarian
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications