title: [Atomic force microscope (AFM). A nanomanipulator for biophysical studies of stereocilia of the cochlear hair cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies of the mechanoelectrical sensor system of the hair cell bundle in the cochlea require a manipulation device that enables controlled force application and movement of individual stereocilia in the nanometer range.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our atomic force microscope (AFM) setup, the scan is directly controlled in an upright differential interference contrast (DIC) infrared video microscope with a water immersion objective and in the measured AFM image. Here we present studies on hair cells of the mammalian cochlea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resulting images revealed the tips of individual stereocilia of living sensory cells of the organ of Corti and the typical shape of the ciliary bundle. Scanning electron-microscopic (SEM) images of the identical hair bundles obtained after AFM investigation demonstrated that up to four AFM manipulations on the same cell did not cause obvious damage to the surface morphology of the stereocilia.
authors.affiliation: Sektion Sensorische Biophysik, HNO-Universitäts-Klinik, Silcher Strasse 5, 72076 Tübingen. assen.koitschev@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koitschev
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rexhausen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Löffler
authors.forename: J K H
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hörber
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zenner
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruppersberg
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D051381:Rats; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity