title: Regulation of signaling in B cells through the phosphorylation of Syk on linker region tyrosines. A mechanism for negative signaling by the Lyn tyrosine kinase.
abstract: The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is coupled to the mobilization of Ca(2+) by the protein-tyrosine kinase, Syk. Syk, recruited to the clustered BCR, becomes phosphorylated on three tyrosines (Tyr-317, Tyr-342, and Tyr-346) located within the linker region that separates the C-terminal catalytic domain from the N-terminal tandem Src homology 2 domains. Phosphorylation within the linker region can be either activating or inhibitory to Ca(2+) mobilization depending on the sites that are modified. Syk that is not phosphorylated on linker region tyrosines couples the BCR to Ca(2+) mobilization through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent pathway. The phosphorylation of Tyr-342 and -346 enhances the phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma and the early phase of Ca(2+) mobilization via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-independent pathway. The phosphorylation of Tyr-317 strongly dampens the Ca(2+) signal. In cells that lack the Src family kinase, Lyn, the phosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr-317 is suppressed leading to elevated production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and an amplified Ca(2+) signal. This provides a novel mechanism by which Lyn functions as an inhibitor of BCR-stimulated signaling. Thus, Syk and Lyn combine to determine the pathway through which the BCR is coupled to Ca(2+) mobilization as well as the magnitude and duration of the Ca(2+) flux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Julie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yankee
authors.forename: Marietta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Geahlen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D014443:Tyrosine
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C113939:B cell linker protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase