title: Cytokine and chemokine gene expression after primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats.
abstract: The induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was studied in the lungs of cotton rats after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Increases in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of all genes analyzed were observed during the course of primary infection. In general, mRNA expression peaked between postinfection days 1 and 4 and returned to near-normal levels by day 10. During secondary infection, the expression of some genes (i.e., interferon [IFN]-gamma and interleukin [IL]-10) began earlier, some (i.e., IL-1beta and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta) began later, and some (i.e., IL-1beta, IL-10, growth-regulated protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) showed prolonged expression, whereas 2 genes (i.e., IFN-alpha and IL-6) were not expressed. This study presents evidence of different kinetics of expression of inflammatory mediators during primary and secondary infection that likely coincide with innate and adaptive immune response and complement previous observations that emphasize the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of RSV disease.
authors.affiliation: Virion Systems, 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jblanco@virionsystems.com
authors.forename: Jorge C G
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Joann Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Miriam E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darnell
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rowzee
authors.forename: Lioubov
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pletneva
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016205:Sigmodontinae
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma