Some characteristics of acute poisoning with psychoactive substances in the period of socioeconomic transition 1990-2000.
BACKGROUND
Although scarce, the data about acute poisonings with psycho-active substances during the period of socioeconomic crisis in Bulgaria indicate the appearance and increase of the use of inhalants, prescribed and over-the-counter medications and the increase of acute poisoning rate with heroin.


OBJECTIVE
To ascertain some characteristics of acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in Plovdiv region from 01.01.1990 to 31.12.2000.


METHODS
The whole caseload of 571 acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in Plovdiv region (8.8% of the population of the country) between 1990 and 2000, treated in the only Clinic of Toxicology in the region is studied retrospectively. The variables gender, age, type of psycho-active substance (DSM-IV criteria), grade of severity, duration of use, times of poisoning and some differences between alcohol and opioid poisonings are investigated.


RESULTS
Acute poisoning with psycho-active substances are 5.43% of all intoxications. The moderate grade of severity (48.5%), alcohol (62.8%) and opioid (15.3%) intoxications, debut poisoning (86.8%) and poisonings occurring in the initial period of use predominate. An increase of acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in the last third of the studied period (1990-2000) is established--severe forms (2.59 times) and recidivistic intoxication (4 times). Alcohol and opioid poisonings predominate among severe intoxications. The hospital stay is relatively short--1.75 +/- 0.67 and hospital lethality is 1.6%.


CONCLUSIONS
1. The moderate grade of severity, alcohol and opioid intoxications (especially in the severe grade cases), occurrence in the initial period of use and relatively short hospital stay predominate in acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in the period of socioeconomic crisis. Hospital lethality (1.6%) is ascertained only in severe alcohol intoxication. 2. An increase of acute poisonings with psycho-active substances--severe forms, mild forms and recidivistic intoxications is established in the last third (1998-2000) of the studied period. The most expressed increase is ascertained in 2000. 3. Urgent complex measures are necessary to contain the spread of psycho-active substances and acute poisonings with them.
Iliev
Y T
YT
Medical University, Clinic of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology, 15A Vassil Aprilov St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Akabaliev
V H
VH
Avgarska
L P
LP
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000506:poisoning; D002031:Bulgaria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000431:Ethanol