title: Fetal musculoskeletal malformations with a poor outcome: ultrasonographic, pathologic, and radiographic findings.
abstract: The early and accurate antenatal diagnosis of fetal musculoskeletal malfomations with a poor outcome has important implications for the management of a pregnancy. Careful ultrasonographic examination of a fetus helps detect such anomalies, and a number of characteristic features may suggest possible differential diagnoses. During the last five years, we have encountered 39 cases of such anomalies, and the typical prenatal ultrasonographic and pathologic findings of a number of those are described in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Samsung Cheil Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mi Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jee Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Byoung Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung Jae
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seung Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002806:Chondrodysplasia Punctata / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010013:Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011859:Radiography; D013796:Thanatophoric Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal