title: Early risk indicators of substance abuse among nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate early risk factors that led to substance-related disorders and to predict group differences between substance-impaired (SI) and nonimpaired (NI) registered nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donovan's multifactorial model of impairment, and Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered from 100 previously SI and 100 NI nurses located through use of the Internet. Three questionnaires were used: the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (ZSSS), the Efinger Alcohol Risk Survey (EARS), and the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent t-test scores showed the two groups differed significantly on all three instruments' total scores. Discriminate analysis indicated a correct prediction of 87% for SI and 95% for NI nurses, with an overall rate of 91%. EARS scores were the best predictor of nurses with substance-related disorders (.99), followed by ZSSS (.44) and CAST (.42) scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three variables indicate early risk factors for substance-abuse impairment. Identification of nurses at risk for impairment will allow for earlier intervention and possible prevention. Methods to reduce the number of modifiable risk factors are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University School of Nursing, Nursing Education Center, Danville, PA, USA. mmw152@psu.edu
authors.forename: Margaret Mary
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires