title: Type 5 phosphodiesterase expression in the human vagina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been demonstrated that clitoral and vaginal tissues express nitric oxide synthase isoforms in a way that parallels that of the penile corpus cavernosum. Considering the role of the vagina in the female sexual response and the anatomic connection between the clitoris and the anterosuperior vaginal wall, our aim was to study the distribution of type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in the anterosuperior wall of the human vagina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was performed on the vaginal tissue of 14 women obtained at autopsy and on exfoliated cells of the vaginal epithelium obtained from 5 healthy female donors. Specific antibodies against PDE5 were tested on both paraffin sections and cytologic smears. Immunoblotting experiments were performed in parallel with the same antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic analysis of human cadaveric vaginal tissue revealed that PDE5 immunoreactivity was mostly localized in the smooth muscle of vessels, forming a pseudocavernous tissue in the vaginal wall and endothelium. The Skene periurethral glands and vaginal epithelium were also positive for the antibody. The latter finding was confirmed using exfoliated cells of the vaginal epithelium harvested in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence and tissue distribution of PDE5 in the human vagina suggest that the integrated system of nitric oxide synthase-PDE5 may play a physiologic role not only in the male sexual response but also in female sexual arousal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amati
authors.forename: Cira R T
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: di Gioia
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bologna
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolci
authors.forename: Emmanuele A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jannini
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002987:Clitoris / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D004848:Epithelium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014621:Vagina / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human