title: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to determine the safety of the transcatheter closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischemia and the midterm follow-up of recurrent thromboembolic events after interventional PFO closure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current therapeutic options for stroke prevention in patients with PFO and a history of thromboembolic events include chronic antithrombotics and more invasive treatments such as surgical closure or minor invasive transcatheter permanent closure of the PFO. Promising preliminary and pilot data with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder or the PFO-Star Occluder have been reported. Systematic and long-term data are still missing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 276 consecutive patients with a PFO and a history of at least one thromboembolic event were recruited in four medical centers and underwent percutaneous PFO closure with the PFO-Star device. Follow-up data were analyzed over an average of 15.1 months, equivalent to 345 patient-years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implantation was successful in all 276 patients. Peri-interventional reversible complications included transient ST-segment elevations (1.8%) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) (0.8%). Two devices have been removed surgically. During follow-up the annual recurrence rate of thromboembolic events was 1.7% for TIA, 0% for stroke and 0% for peripheral emboli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional PFO closure with the PFO-Star device appears to be a reliable and promising technique resulting in a low recurrence rate of thromboembolic events, especially stroke in patients with a history of cryptogenic ischemia presumably due to paradoxical embolization. To our knowledge, this is the largest coherent and prospective study for interventional PFO closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fassbender
authors.forename: Steffen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haass
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schraeder
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scholtz
authors.forename: Ruth H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Strasser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants