title: Characterization of all the elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of uniaxially oriented poled PVDF films.
abstract: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a piezoelectric material, has many useful applications, for example, as sensors, transducers, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Models of performance of these devices would be useful engineering tools. However, the benefit of the model is only as accurate as the material properties used in the model. The purpose of this investigation is to measure the elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric properties over a frequency range, including the imaginary part (loss) of these properties. Measurements are difficult because poled material is available as thin films, and not all quantities can be measured in that form. All components of the elastic stiffness, dielectric tensor, and electromechanical coupling tensor are needed in the models. The material studied here is uniaxially oriented poled PVDF that has orthorhombic mm2 symmetry. Presented are the frequency dependence of all nine complex elastic constants, three complex dielectric constants, and five complex piezoelectric constants. The PVDF was produced at Raytheon Research Division, Lexington, MA. Measurements were made on thin films and on stacked, cubical samples. The elastic constants c44D and C55D, the dielectric constants epsilon11T and epsilon22T, as well as the piezoelectric constants g15 and g24 reported here have not been published before. The values were determined by ultrasonic measurements using an impedance analyzer and a least square data-fitting technique.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Bukgu, Taegu, Korea. yryong@eeg.kyungpook.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yongrae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Vasundara V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Varadan
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Varadan