title: [Neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Review of the literature and report of a case].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder is described. Treatment was by transurethral resection of the bladder tumor in two steps and adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) plus etoposide (VP-16) and radiotherapy. To date, 152 cases have been reported. The literature on this type of lesion is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 54-year-old male was referred to our Service with a complaint of gross hematuria. The radiologic examination showed a lesion on the right aspect of the bladder, close to the bladder neck. Urethroscopy revealed a non-papillary broad-based tumor involving the right lateral wall. TUR of the bladder tumor was performed and an initial diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was made. Complementary studies showed no widespread disease. The patient refused major open surgery and accepted treatment planning at the preoperative diagnosis of T2-3N0M0 as described above. The patient remains disease-free 28 months after the operation. We also report our experience in a patient free of disease diagnosed at stage pT3BN0M0 and 84 months' follow-up, treated with partial cystectomy and adjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an uncommon, usually aggressive neoplasia of the bladder. Patients that are treated have a median survival of 13 months. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy appears to be the only factor associated with a better survival. Relationship between clinical stage and survival has not been demonstrated, which suggests that micrometastatic disease is usually present at presentation in clinically localized tumors and systemic metastases are the major cause of mortality. We believe that partial cystectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy is a valid procedure in favorable cases that allows preservation of the bladder and a high quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
authors.forename: José Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cuesta Alcalá
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ripa Saldías
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aldave Villanueva
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pascual Piédrola
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solchaga Martínez
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponz González
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arrondo Arrondo
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grasa Lanau
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ipiéns Aznar
mesh_terms: D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy