title: Fentanyl attenuates the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation more than the response to laryngoscopy.
abstract: We examined the effectiveness of avoiding laryngoscopy in reducing the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation during the induction of anesthesia. One hundred surgical patients who required orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated into four groups. The first and third groups underwent fiberoptic intubation, in which an anesthesiologist inserted the endotracheal tube into the trachea under TV monitoring through a bronchoscope, and the second and fourth groups underwent conventional orotracheal intubation using a rigid laryngoscope. The third and fourth groups were pretreated with 2 microg/kg fentanyl IV immediately before the induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured noninvasively. A significant reduction in hemodynamic response was seen in only the group treated with fentanyl and intubated using the fiberoptic technique. Without fentanyl, there was no significant difference in hemodynamic changes between the groups. We conclude that the administration of fentanyl suppresses the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation more than it does to laryngoscopy. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation by fiberscopy and laryngoscopy without fentanyl pretreatment, whereas 2 microg/kg fentanyl significantly reduced the hemodynamic responses in the group intubated by fiberscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We assessed the effectiveness of avoiding laryngoscopy for orotracheal intubation. There was no significant difference in the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation by fiberscopy and laryngoscopy without fentanyl pretreatment, whereas 2 microg/kg fentanyl significantly reduced the hemodynamic responses in the group intubated by fiberscopy. Pretreatment of fentanyl and fiberoptic intubation might be recommended for avoiding hyperdynamic responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Clinic of Kumagaya Base, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan 359-8513. grd1117@gr.ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yushi U
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satomoto
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010100:Oxygen; D005283:Fentanyl