title: Energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water, activity recall, and diet records in the rural elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether energy expenditure estimated from physical activity and energy intake were equivalent to total daily energy expenditure in an elderly rural population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven elderly male (n = 14) and female (n = 13) subjects (mean age, 74 y) were recruited from a rural Pennsylvania population. Over a 2-wk period, total daily energy expenditure was measured by doubly labeled water (TEE) and estimated from 7-d physical activity recall factors multiplied by weight (PA(WT)), estimated basal metabolic rate (PA(BMR)) and resting energy expenditure from indirect calorimetry (PA(REE)), and energy intake from 3-d self-reported diet records (EI). Analysis of variance was used to determine significant within-subject differences in physical activity, energy intake, and energy expenditure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA(REE) (men: 13.69 +/- 3.23 MJ, women: 9.51 +/- 2.40 MJ) and PA(BMR) (men: 13.69 +/- 2.99 MJ, women: 10.15 +/- 2.21 MJ) were not significantly different from TEE (men: 12.43 +/- 1.63 MJ, women: 9.44 +/- 0.90 MJ). EI (men: 8.66 +/- 2.34 MJ, women: 7.12 +/- 0.93 MJ) was significantly less than TEE, and PA(WT) (men: 17.03 +/- 4.07 MJ, women: 12.86 +/- 3.41 MJ) was significantly greater than TEE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas 7-d physical activity recall determined with an age- and gender-specific estimate of resting metabolic rate or measured using indirect calorimetry accurately estimated TEE for this group of rural elderly, self-reported diet records consistently underestimated and physical activity recall determined with weight alone consistently overestimated energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water.
authors.affiliation: Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, BARC-East, Building 308, Room 212, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. seale@bnhrc.arsusda.gov
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Seale
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smiciklas-Wright
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003903:Deuterium; D015930:Diet Records; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D012424:Rural Population; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D003903:Deuterium