title: Clinical and immunogenetic characterization of Mexican patients with 'rhupus'.
abstract: The coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (rhupus), is a rare clinical condition. To date, 50 cases of rhupus have been described worldwide; however, the lack of clinical criteria for this rheumatic condition has created confusion in the characterization of this disorder. Nevertheless, in this paper we describe a comprehensive clinical and serological characterization of a cohort of 22 Mexican patients with rhupus, supported by generic HLA-DR phenotyping. We found that rhupus patients have a special clinical behavior. In this setting, the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis prevail, little organic damage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exists and none of the cases present thrombosis or morbidity during pregnancy in spite of presenting a high frequency of anticardiolipin antibodies. We also found an increased frequency of HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR2 alleles compared to healthy ethnically matched controls, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, CP, México DF. abrahamsimon@mailcity.com
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabiedes
authors.forename: J Ruíz
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: J Alcocer
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Varela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains