Macrophage signaling by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins derived from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes.
Activation of cells from the innate immune system has an important role in host resistance to early infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. Here we review the studies that have identified and structurally characterized the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, as parasite molecules responsible for the activation of cells from the macrophage lineage. We also cover the studies that have identified the receptor, signaling pathways as well as the array of genes expressed in macrophages that are activated by these glycoconjugates. We discuss the possible implications of such response on the host resistance to T. cruzi infection and the pathogenesis of Chagas disease.
Ropert
Catherine
C
Laboratory of Immunopathology, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Ferreira
Ludmila R P
LR
Campos
Marco A S
MA
Procópio
Daniela O
DO
Travassos
Luiz R
LR
Ferguson
Michael A J
MA
Reis
Luiz F L
LF
Teixeira
Mauro M
MM
Almeida
Igor C
IC
Gazzinelli
Ricardo T
RT
D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors