Synthesis and in vitro chemical and enzymatic stability of glycosyl 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine derivatives as potential anti-HIV agents.
New glycosyl derivatives of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) (1 and 2) were synthesized in order to improve AZT retention in the blood and to guarantee its sustained release, overcoming the necessity of multiple drug administrations. The esters synthesized (1 and 2) link AZT, by a succinyl linker, to the C-3 position of glucose and to C-6 of galactose. Furthermore, the chemical and enzymatic stabilities of esters 1 and 2 were evaluated in order to determine both their stability in aqueous medium and their feasibility to undergo enzymatic cleavage by esterase to regenerate the original drug. The pharmacokinetic profiles of esters 1 and 2, obtained after systemic administration, showed an interesting controlled release, in particular for ester 2, compared to the pharmacokinetic profile of AZT.
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. boninaf@mbox.unict.it
Francesco
F
Bonina
Carmelo
C
Puglia
Maria Grazia
MG
Rimoli
Lucia
L
Avallone
Enrico
E
Abignente
Giampiero
G
Boatto
Maria
M
Nieddu
Rosaria
R
Meli
Michele
M
Amorena
Paolo
P
de Caprariis
D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013552:Swine; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D015215:Zidovudine; D004950:Esterases