Spoiled gradient-echo as an arterial spin tagging technique for quick evaluation of local perfusion.
OBJECTIVE
To introduce a simple gradient-echo arterial spin tagging (GREAST) technique available for most commercial magnetic resonance (MR) systems, for a quick evaluation of tissue perfusion.


METHODS
The GREAST technique uses a combination of a short TR spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) sequence with a selective presaturation radio frequency (RF) pulse that allows acquiring each tagged and control image within 10-20 seconds. The phantom and human studies were performed for evaluating the feasibility in measurement of local perfusion and the efficacy in alleviation of the asymmetric magnetization transfer (MT) and slice profile effects.


RESULTS
Results show a good linear relationship between the signal attenuation caused by the presaturation pulse and flow rates in the phantom experiment and effective alleviation of the asymmetric MT and slice profile effects for various orientations of imaging slices. Human studies showed good perfusion results in brain imaging. Perfusion imaging on the liver and kidney were also conducted. The results could be significantly improved by effectively lessening motion-related artifacts.


CONCLUSIONS
The GREAST technique is simple, easy to use, and applicable to examine local perfusion of the brain and other organs in the trunk.
Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
Jyh-Wen
JW
Chai
Jeon-Hor
JH
Chen
Yi-Hsuan
YH
Kao
Jan-Ray
JR
Liao
Clayton Chi-Chang
CC
Chen
San-Kan
SK
Lee
Woei Chyn
WC
Chu
D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012039:Regional Blood Flow