[Evaluation of the appropriateness of prescribing echocardiography].
BACKGROUND
We evaluated the appropriateness of indications to echocardiography for ambulatory patients performed during 4 weeks in 21 laboratories in Tuscany and Umbria, Italy.


METHODS
We collected the following data: the appropriateness of the prescription (according to the guidelines of the Italian Federation of Cardiology), the prescribing physician (cardiologist vs non-cardiologist), the synthetic result (normal vs abnormal) and the clinical utility (useful vs useless) of each exam.


RESULTS
We evaluated 2848 prescriptions (patients: 1450 males, 1398 females; mean age 62 years, range 15-90 years). The indications to test were of class I (appropriate) in 43.6%, of class II (of doubtfully appropriateness) in 36.8% and of class III (inappropriate) in 19.6% of the cases. In 60.8% of the cases the exam was considered abnormal. In particular, an abnormal result was found in 83.8% of class I, in 56.6% of class II and in 17.8% of class III exams (p < 0.05). The exam was considered useful in 51.1% of the cases. In particular, a useful result was found in 78.9% of class I, in 39% of class II and in 12.1% of class III exams (p < 0.05). Cardiologists prescribed 856/2848 tests (30%). Their indications were of class I in 58.8%, of class II in 29.8% and of class III in 11.4% of the cases vs 37, 39.9 and 23.1% of non-cardiologists' prescriptions (p < 0.05). Abnormal findings were found in 74.3% of cardiologist- vs 55% of non-cardiologist-prescribed examinations (odds ratio 2.45, 95% confidence interval 2.04-2.92; p < 0.05); similarly, clinically useful information could be derived from 63.1% of cardiologist- vs 46% of non-cardiologist-prescribed examinations (odds ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.75-2.45; p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
In Tuscany and Umbria, Italy, about half of the prescriptions for echocardiography can be considered inappropriate; appropriately prescribed exams more often provide abnormal and useful results; cardiologist-prescribed exams are significantly more appropriate, abnormal and useful.
Lattanzi
Fabio
F
U.O. di Malattie Cardiovascolari 2 Ospedale S. Chiara 56126 Pisa. fabiolatt@tin.it
Magnani
Mirco
M
Cortigiani
Lauro
L
Mandorla
Sara
S
Zuppiroli
Alfredo
A
Lorenzoni
Roberto
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013038:Specialization; D014600:Utilization Review