CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides augment and switch the immune responses of cattle to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D.
The adjuvanticity of a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. Calves were immunized with a truncated secreted version of glycoprotein D (tgD) of bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) formulated with alum, CpG ODN, or a combination of both. BHV-1 tgD formulated with CpG ODN or with alum and CpG ODN induced a stronger and more balanced immune response than tgD in alum. This level of immunity was of sufficient magnitude to minimize weight loss and significantly reduce the duration of virus shedding after intranasal viral challenge. Local tissue reactions generated by CpG ODN were very mild and transient, whereas reactions induced by alum or a combination of CpG ODN and alum were moderate in severity and duration. These data demonstrate that CpG ODN causes minimal injection site reactions and yet acts as an effective adjuvant in cattle.
Rankin
R
R
Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E3.
Pontarollo
R
R
Gomis
S
S
Karvonen
B
B
Willson
P
P
Loehr
B I
BI
Godson
D L
DL
Babiuk
L A
LA
Hecker
R
R
van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
S
S
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins; C041524:aluminum sulfate