Hypothermia from prolonged immersion: biophysical parameters of a survivor.
We report a case of survival following prolonged immersion and hypothermia. The patient survived for over 9 h in open water, after his vessel capsized and sank in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Northern California. Water temperature on the day of the sinking was 14.4 degrees C (58.0 degrees F). Although he did have adequate flotation, the patient did not wear a survival suit. On initial physical examination in the Emergency Department (ED), the patient's rectal temperature was 30.0 degrees C (86.0 degrees F). With active rewarming, his temperature returned to normal (37.0 degrees C (98.6 degrees F)) within 5 h. Body fat of the patient was 19.6%, near the 50th percentile for his age (19.0%). Surface/volume ratio of the patient (.0228 m(2)/L) was 19% smaller than a predicted average (.0282 m(2)/L). We believe that the patient's large body habitus contributed to survival and that surface/volume ratio was likely the biophysical variable most closely associated with decreased cooling.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Thomas J
TJ
Nuckton
Daniel
D
Goldreich
Kenneth D
KD
Rogaski
Tonia M
TM
Lessani
Paul J
PJ
Higgins
David M
DM
Claman
D000328:Adult; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001831:Body Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007101:Immersion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D013534:Survival