Characterization of a novel calcium phosphate/sulphate bone cement.
Apatitic cements have shown excellent biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties but have slow resorption in the human body. To assure that new bone tissue grows into the bone defect, a certain porosity is necessary although hard to achieve in injectable cements with suitable mechanical properties. An attempt was made by mixing alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP), calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CSH) and an aqueous solution containing 2.5 wt% of Na(2)HPO(4). The aim was to obtain a material containing two phases: a) one apatitic phase (calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite; CDHA) and b) one resorbable phase (calcium sulphate dihydrate; CSD). alpha-TCP and CSH mixtures were produced at relative intervals of 20 wt%. The liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratio to obtain a paste was 0.32 mLg(-1). The highest compressive strength (34 MPa) was obtained for the pure alpha-TCP sample. The strength was, in a first approximation, directly correlated to the weight proportions of the powders. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the relative intensity for CDHA increased linearly, and the one for CSD decreased exponentially, when the amount of alpha-TCP increased. Thus, CSH ceased to transform to CSD when the amount of alpha-TCP increased. Observations in environmental scanning electron microscopy confirmed the X-ray diffraction results. CSH-crystals (100 microm) were embedded in the HA-matrix permitting gradual porosity in the material when resorbed.
Research Centre in Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Division, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technological University of Catalonia (UPC), Avda. Diagonal 647, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
M
M
Nilsson
E
E
Fernández
S
S
Sarda
L
L
Lidgren
J A
JA
Planell
D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003460:Crystallization; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012996:Solutions; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003764:Dental Materials; D012996:Solutions; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002133:Calcium Sulfate