Acute surgical emergencies in inflammatory bowel disease.
BACKGROUND
Acute surgical emergencies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease may carry a substantial morbidity, but fortunately today, a low mortality. The aim of this review is to delineate the treatment of acute surgical emergencies that occur in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.


METHODS
Suitable English language reports were identified using PubMed search.


RESULTS
Inflammatory bowel disease can present in numerous ways as an acute surgical emergency. These include toxic colitis, hemorrhage, perforation, intra-abdominal masses or abscesses with sepsis, and intestinal obstruction. Toxic colitis and perforation are best managed with intestinal resection and fecal diversion. Hemorrhage in ulcerative colitis initially requires colectomy with rectal preservation and ileostomy. In Crohn's disease hemorrhage is often focal and localization and segmental resection are performed. Intra-abdominal abscesses should initially be attempted by computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage followed subsequently by definitive resection. Perianal disease requires abscess drainage with minimal tissue trauma. Intestinal obstruction should be initially managed nonoperatively, with surgery reserved for complete obstruction or intractability.


CONCLUSIONS
Acute surgical emergencies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are rare and can have a high morbidity. With a multidisciplinary approach, morbidity can be reduced and patients can have a rapid return and improved quality of life.
Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, 3635 Vista at Grand, P.O. Box 15250, St. Louis, MO 63110-0250, USA.
Dale F
DF
Berg
Anil M
AM
Bahadursingh
Donald L
DL
Kaminski
Walter E
WE
Longo
D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000465:Algorithms; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004630:Emergencies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008532:Megacolon, Toxic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010439:Peptic Ulcer Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery