Employment security and health.
OBJECTIVE
To study the relation of contractual and perceived employment security to employee health.


METHODS
Cross sectional survey.


METHODS
Municipal sector employees in eight Finnish towns.


METHODS
5981 employees with a permanent contract and 2786 employees with a non-permanent contract (2194 fixed term contract, 682 government subsidised contract).


METHODS
Poor self rated health, chronic disease, and psychological distress.


RESULTS
Compared with permanent employees, fixed term men and women had better self rated health (men odds ratio 0.70; 95% confidence intervals 0.50 to 0.98, women 0.70 (0.60 to 0.82) and less chronic disease (men 0.69; 0.52 to 0.91; women 0.89; 0.79 to 1.02), but women had more psychological distress (1.26; 1.09 to 1.45). The only difference between subsidised employees and permanent employees was the high level of psychological distress in women (1.35; 1.09 to 1.68). Low perceived employment security was associated with poor health across all three indicators. The association of low perceived security with psychological distress was significantly stronger in permanent employees than among fixed term and subsidised employees, indicating that perceived security is more important for mental health among employees with a permanent contract.


CONCLUSIONS
Contractual security and perceived security of employment are differently associated with health. It is therefore important to distinguish between these aspects of employment security in studies of labour market status and health. Such studies will also need to control for health selection, which is unlikely to operate in the same way among permanent and non-permanent employees.
University of Tampere, Medical School, Finland. pekka.j.virtanen@uta.fi
P
P
Virtanen
J
J
Vahtera
M
M
Kivimäki
J
J
Pentti
J
J
Ferrie
D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016272:Occupational Health; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010559:Personnel Management; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology