Differential expression and polarized secretion of CXC and CC chemokines by human intestinal epithelial cancer cell lines in response to Clostridium difficile toxin A.
Intestinal epithelial cells are the initial sites of host response to Clostridium difficile infection and can play a role in signaling the influx of inflammatory cells. To further explore this role, the regulated expression and polarized secretion of CXC and CC chemokines by human intestinal epithelial cells were investigated. An expression of the CXC chemokines, including IL-8 and growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, and the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from HT-29 cells increased in the 1-6 hr following C. difficile toxin A stimulation, assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. In contrast, the expression of neutrophil activating protein-78 (ENA-78) was delayed for 18 hr. The up-regulated mRNA expression of chemokines was paralleled by the increase of protein levels. However, the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted), and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) was not changed in HT-29 or Caco-2 cells stimulated with toxin A. Upon stimulation of the polarized Caco-2 epithelial cells in a transwell chamber with toxin A, CXC and CC chemokines were released predominantly into the basolateral compartment. Moreover, the addition of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha to toxin A stimulated Caco-2 cells increased the basolateral release of CC chemokine MCP-1. In contrast, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha had no effect on the expression of the CXC chemokines IL-8 and GRO-alpha. These results suggest that a CXC and CC chemokine expression from epithelial cells infected with C. difficile may be an important factor in the mucosal inflammatory response.
Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jung Mogg
JM
Kim
Joo Sung
JS
Kim
Hyun Chae
HC
Jun
Yu-Kyoung
YK
Oh
In Sung
IS
Song
Chung Yong
CY
Kim
D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000378:metabolism*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D004768:Enterotoxins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase