Iron overload decreases the protective effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on rat hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND
Intracellular iron can participate in the formation of free radicals, leading to liver cell damage. This may be prevented by the ability of ferritin to oxidize and store iron. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to increase the ferritin synthesis. In the liver, cytokines are secreted by activated Kupffer cells and T-lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TNF-alpha on normal and iron-loaded rat hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress.


METHODS
Primary cultures of hepatocytes from rats fed a normal rat chow or a carbonyl iron-enriched diet were incubated with TNF-alpha before incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Malondialdehyde concentrations, activities of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin H and manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA and ferritin H protein were analysed. The total amounts of glutathione and chelatable iron were measured.


RESULTS
TNF-alpha diminished the concentrations of malondialdehyde and activities of lactate dehydrogenase in hepatocytes exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide. This was seen in hepatocytes from normal but not iron-loaded animals. The transcription of manganese-superoxide dismutase mRNA was increased in both cell types, whereas total glutathione contents of cells were unaffected. The transcription and translation of ferritin H was induced in cells from normal but not from iron-loaded animals. The amount of chelatable iron was significantly lowered only in hepatocytes from normal rats.


CONCLUSIONS
TNF-alpha protects rat hepatocytes from normal but not iron-loaded rats from oxidative stress. The protection may be due to an induction of the ferritin synthesis.
Hagen
K
K
Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Hospital and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. karin.hagen@ks.se
Eckes
K
K
Melefors
O
O
Hultcrantz
R
R
D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005293:Ferritins / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D019190:Iron Overload; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005293:Ferritins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione