The female athlete. Before and beyond puberty.
As the twentieth century progressed, the female athlete became an accepted participant of sports at all levels. This article reviews various aspects of female sports participation. After an historical perspective, selected comments are provided on psychologic and physiologic aspects. Concepts of adolescent gynecology are reviewed, including breast and menstrual problems and pregnancy. Other areas reviewed include iron deficiency anemia, stress urinary incontinence, and sports injuries in female athletes.
Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA. greydanus@kcms.msu.edu
Donald E
DE
Greydanus
Dilip R
DR
Patel
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000150:complications; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001940:Breast / Q000293:injuries; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy