Confirmation and lucidity during conversations with a woman with severe dementia.
BACKGROUND
Patients with severe dementia sometimes surprise the care providers because they seem to be much more aware of their situation and function much more adequately than usual. Such episodes are labelled 'episodes of lucidity' (ELs). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the particular conversations with a woman with severe dementia when ELs occurred as compared with conversations when she was not lucid.


METHODS
A woman with a probable diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was selected. Her Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was estimated as 3. The first author met the woman for 4 hours five times over a period of 2 weeks. RESEARCH ETHODS: The conversations were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was divided into 278 content units and analysed.


RESULTS
Lucidity is promoted by supporting the patient in various ways, that is sharing the patient's view, repeating and reformulating the patient's utterance, reinforcing the patient by using positive utterances, not emphasizing errors and supporting the patient's language in various ways, and avoiding making demands. The relation between the patient and her conversation partner during ELs is characterized by confirmation and communion.


CONCLUSIONS
This case study indicates that a supportive attitude in conversation with the patient with severe dementia promotes lucidity. A supportive attitude includes the avoidance on the part of the conversational partner making demands on the patient, confirming the patient as an important, unique and valuable person and creating communion. The connection between supporting and avoiding demands and lucidity/nonlucidity during conversation needs further study.
Normann
Hans Ketil
HK
Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Breivika, Tromso, Norway. ketiln@fagmed.uit.no
Norberg
Astrid
A
Asplund
Kenneth
K
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009735:Nursing Homes