Is dopamine administration possibly a risk factor for delirium?
OBJECTIVE
We explored the possibility that the administration of intravenous dopamine increases the risk for delirium as manifested by need for haloperidol.


METHODS
This study was based on a retrospective analysis. To examine the contribution of dopamine in the prediction of need for haloperidol, a multivariate logistic regression model was used.


METHODS
University hospital.


METHODS
All inpatient admissions to Stanford University Hospital over a 1-year period (n = 21,844).


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Dopamine administration was associated with nearly a tripling of the odds of subsequent need of the antipsychotic drug (chi-square = 108, df = 1, p =.0001, odds ratio = 2.89), even after intensive care unit admission and diagnostic related group weight were considered as indicators of severity of illness. Even when analysis was limited to patients seen in the intensive care unit setting (n = 3,308), dopamine administration remained a very strong risk factor for haloperidol and hence possibly for delirium. The increased risk of need for haloperidol in patients administered dopamine is evident in every age group after age 20.


CONCLUSIONS
The retrospective nature of this study, the inexact method to assess acuity, and, most of all, the use of haloperidol as an indicator of the presence of delirium preclude concluding that dopamine is directly a risk factor for delirium, much less a causal risk factor. However, the association is potent enough to suggest this possibility strongly and thus supports the need for prospective studies to examine the relationship between dopamine and delirium and to consider possible prophylactic treatment against delirium in those given dopamine.
Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Barbara R
BR
Sommer
Lowell C
LC
Wise
Helena C
HC
Kraemer
D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D006220:Haloperidol; D004298:Dopamine