Molybdenum and tungsten in biology.
Molybdenum is the only second-row transition metal that is required by most living organisms, and the few species that do not require molybdenum use tungsten, which lies immediately below molybdenum in the periodic table. Because of their unique chemical versatility and unusually high bioavailability these two transition metals have been incorporated into the active sites of enzymes over the course of evolution. Enzymes that contain molybdenum or tungsten continue to be discovered and several crystal structures have become available recently. This new structural information has been complemented by spectroscopic and kinetic methods, as well as computational approaches. Together, these studies provide an increasingly detailed view of the reaction mechanisms and the correlation between the electronic structure of the active site and catalytic function, one of the fundamental goals in metallobiochemistry.
Hille
Russ
R
Dept of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and The Protein Research Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, USA. hille.1@osu.edu
D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D003067:Coenzymes; D005560:Formate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090006:Molybdenum Cofactors; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011621:Pteridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003067:Coenzymes; D005560:Formate Dehydrogenases; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D008667:Metalloproteins; D008982:Molybdenum; D000090006:Molybdenum Cofactors; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; D011621:Pteridines; D014414:Tungsten; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C022261:molybdopterin; C045664:dimethyl sulfoxide reductase