Clinicopathologic study of 123 cases of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas with special reference to multihormone production and clonality of the adenomas.
BACKGROUND
Prolactinoma is the most invasive type of pituitary adenoma and is generally believed to be well-differentiated adenoma and to produce only prolactin (PRL). The factors related to the various biologic behaviors occurring in patients of different ages and sexes await clarification. Since different immunophenotypes of adenoma may show different biologic behaviors and responses to medical agents, the authors examined hormone production and tried to clarify the clonality of plurihormonal prolactinoma.


METHODS
Clinicopathologic factors were studied in 123 patients with prolactinomas (40 males and 83 females). The specimens were fixed in either 10% neutral buffered formalin or 70% alcohol and used for light microscopy. Alcohol-fixed tissue was used to extract DNA from 26 samples obtained from female patients for human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) assay.


RESULTS
Sixty one cases (50%) were pure prolactinoma and 62 cases (50%) were plurihormonal prolactinoma. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between age and serum PRL level (P = 0.0002), age and tumor volume (P < 0.0001), and tumor volume and serum PRL level (P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation only between tumor volume and serum PRL level. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed that prolactinomas associated with higher PRL levels, larger adenomas, and higher ages were significantly more invasive to the cavernous sinus and that male patients had significantly higher PRL levels and larger adenomas. The HUMARA assay disclosed that 11 of 13 plurihormonal prolactinomas (85%) were compatible with monoclonal origin.


CONCLUSIONS
The current results suggest that not only can various hormones other than PRL be secreted by prolactinoma, but also that most multihormone-producing prolactinomas are monoclonal in origin.
Ma
Wenbin
W
Division of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Ikeda
Hidetoshi
H
Yoshimoto
Takashi
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002999:Clone Cells; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone