Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues for marbofloxacin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin in broiler chickens.
OBJECTIVE
To determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin after a single IV and oral administration and tissue residues after serial daily oral administration in chickens.


METHODS
40 healthy broiler chickens.


METHODS
Two groups of chickens (groups A and B; 8 chickens/group) were administered a single IV and oral administration of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg). Chickens of group C (n = 24) were given serial daily doses of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days). Plasma (groups A and B) and tissue concentrations (group C) of marbofloxacin and its major metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Residues of marbofloxacin and N-desmethylmarbofloxacin were measured in target tissues.


RESULTS
Elimination half-life and mean residence time of marbofloxacin in plasma were 5.26 and 4.36 hours after IV administration and 8.69 and 8.55 hours after oral administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.05 microg/ml, and interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 1.48 hours. Oral bioavailability of marbofloxacin was 56.82%. High concentrations of marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were found in the kidneys, liver, muscles, and skin plus fat 24 hours after the final dose of marbofloxacin; however, marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were detected in only hepatic (27.6 and 98.7 microg/kg, respectively) and renal (39.7 and 69.1 microg/kg, respectively) tissues 72 hours after termination of marbofloxacin treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study reveals that a minimal therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours should be appropriate for control of most infections in chickens.
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cietificas, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Arturo
A
Anadón
María R
MR
Martínez-Larrañaga
María J
MJ
Díaz
María A
MA
Martínez
María T
MT
Frejo
Marta
M
Martínez
McAllister
M
Tafur
Victor J
VJ
Castellano
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004350:Drug Residues; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D015363:Quinolones; C080260:marbofloxacin