Zn deficiency aggravates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats: possible role of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase.
Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed a standard or a Zn-deficient diet for 4 weeks, we examined whether Zn deficiency affects systemic blood pressure (BP) levels in a genetically hypertensive state through a fall in the activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD). SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet had a progressive increase in systolic BP during the dietary conditioning. Consequently, SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet exhibited significantly increased levels of systolic BP by 2 weeks after the start of dietary treatment when compared with SHR fed a standard diet. Similarly, levels of basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) observed at the end of dietary treatment were SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet > SHR fed a standard diet. Administration of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME, caused an increase in MAP levels in the two groups of rats, demonstrating the involvement of the vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO), in the regulation of systemic BP in a genetically hypertensive state. The expression of endothelial (e) NOS mRNA and protein in the thoracic aorta paralleled basal MAP levels in the two groups of rats, suggesting the counter-regulation of eNOS against the developed hypertensive state in SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet. On the other hand, administration of the superoxide scavenger, tempol (a SOD mimetic compound), led to a decrease in MAP levels in the two groups of rats, indicating the participation of the oxygen free radical, superoxide, in an increase in systemic BP in a genetically hypertensive state. As reported recently, the mechanism involved is due likely to a decrease in the action of the vasodilator, NO, based on the formation of peroxynitrite coming from the non-enzymatic reaction of superoxide and NO. In addition, tempol treatment completely restored MAP levels in SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet to levels comparable to those observed in SHR fed a standard diet, indicating that a further increase in systemic BP levels seen in SHR fed a Zn-deficient vs. a standard diet is presumably brought by a reduction in the action of the vasodilator, NO, resulting from an increase in the action of superoxide. The activity of the superoxide scavenger, Cu/Zn-SOD, in the thoracic aorta was significantly decreased in SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet relative to SHR fed a standard diet. It appears that a decrease in the activity of Cu/Zn-SOD observed in the thoracic aorta of SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet at least in part plays a role in an increase in the action of superoxide in this model. Thus, Zn deficiency may be a factor to develop genetic hypertension presumably through the oxidative stress caused by superoxide.
Sato
M
M
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Iruma-gun, Japan.
Yanagisawa
H
H
Nojima
Y
Y
Tamura
J
J
Wada
O
O
D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000201:enzymology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009929:Organ Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013113:Spin Labels; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology
D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc; C001803:tempol; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester