Intrathecal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with multiple sclerosis: implication for pathogenesis.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurological diseases. Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) had serum and CSF MMP-9 levels comparable to those from patients with inflammatory neurological diseases (INDs), but higher than patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NINDs) and healthy donors (HDs). MMP-9 increased in active RR-MS in comparison with inactive RR-MS implying that MMP-9 in MS is related with clinical disease activity. A correlation between the CSF/serum albumin (Q(AIb)) and CSF/serum MMP-9 (Q(MMP-9)) was observed in IND and NIND but not in RR-MS patients, indicating that CSF MMP-9 levels in NIND and IND patents could be influenced by serum MMP-9 and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability properties. MS patients had higher values of Q(MMP-9):Q(Alb)(MMP-9 index) than IND and NIND patients suggesting that in MS the increase in CSF MMP-9 could be due to intrathecal synthesis of MMP-9. A significant inverse correlation was found between MMP-9 and its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1 in RR-MS indicating that in MS patients both the increase in MMP-9 and the decrease in TIMP-1 serum levels could contribute to BBB disruption and T-lymphocyte entry into the CNS.
Liuzzi
G M
GM
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy. m.g.liuzzi@biologia.uniba.it
Trojano
M
M
Fanelli
M
M
Avolio
C
C
Fasano
A
A
Livrea
P
P
Riccio
P
P
D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000209:etiology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9