The dual specificity JKAP specifically activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway.
The involvement of dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling has been mostly limited to the inactivation of MAPKs by the direct dephosphorylation of the TXY motif within their activation loop. We report the cloning and characterization of a murine DSP, called JNK pathway-associated phosphatase (JKAP), which lacks the regulatory region present in most other MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) and is preferentially expressed in murine Lin(-)Sca-1(+) stem cells. Overexpression of JKAP in human embryonic kidney 293T cells specifically activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Overexpression of a mutant JKAP, JKAP-C88S, blocked tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced JNK activation. Targeted gene disruption in murine embryonic stem cells abolished JNK activation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta, but not by ultraviolet-C irradiation, indicating that JKAP is necessary for optimal JNK activation. JKAP associated with JNK and MKK7, but not SEK1, in vivo. However, JKAP did not interact with JNK in vitro, suggesting that JKAP exerts its effect on JNK in an indirect manner. Taken together, these studies identify a positive regulator for the JNK pathway and suggest a novel role for DSP in mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation.
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Alice J
AJ
Chen
Guisheng
G
Zhou
Todd
T
Juan
Suzanne M
SM
Colicos
John P
JP
Cannon
Maria
M
Cabriera-Hansen
Christian F
CF
Meyer
Roland
R
Jurecic
Neal G
NG
Copeland
Debra J
DJ
Gilbert
Nancy A
NA
Jenkins
Fred
F
Fletcher
Tse-Hua
TH
Tan
John W
JW
Belmont
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7; C482559:MAP2K4 protein, human; C482562:Map2k4 protein, mouse; C482569:MAP2K7 protein, human; C482570:Map2k7 protein, mouse; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C522152:Dusp22 protein, mouse; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases