Equivalent cross-relaxation rate imaging in the synthetic copolymer gels and invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
The values of equivalent cross-relaxation rate (ECR) correlated well with [i] water conditions in various copolymer gels and [ii] nature of malignant cells with regard to nuclear dysplasia and mitotic potential in breast carcinomas. The synthetic copolymer gels composed of any two or three monomers among 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (N-VP), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BMA). The ECR measurement was performed by using an off-resonance saturation pulse under conventional field-echo imaging at frequency within +/- 75 ppm apart from the water resonance frequency. The ECR values were readily to determine and non-time consuming parameter for cross relaxation rate. The ECR values at the frequency offset by 7-ppm (ECR-7) were divided the sample gels two classes, which must correspond to hydrophilic or hydrophobic ones. The sensitivity in the gels was nearly equivalent to the cross-relaxation rate itself. In the breast carcinomas, the ECR-7 correlates with the nature of malignant cells with regard to nuclear dysplasia and mitotic potential. The ECR-7 is better or more accurate than the STR-7 because the SDNRs between carcinoma and glandular tissue increased by approximately 50% on the ECR-7 compared with the STR-7. Thus the ECR values could be a new parameter for malignancy and cell proliferative activity of the breast carcinomas with non-invasive modalities by magnetic resonance imaging.
Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
Shigeru
S
Matsushima
Akinori
A
Takasu
Yoshihito
Y
Inai
Tadamichi
T
Hirabayashi
Seiichi
S
Era
Masaru
M
Sogami
Fumio
F
Sasaki
Hikaru
H
Ohsaki
Yasutomi
Y
Kinosada
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D014867:Water; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; C042670:N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone; C007870:glycidyl methacrylate