Delayed-onset mycobacterial keratitis after LASIK.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the time course, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of seven patients with Mycobacterium szulgai keratitis that developed from 7 to 24 weeks after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).


METHODS
Seven of 30 eyes of 18 patients were identified with keratitis after LASIK. The first two patients presented 12 to 14 weeks after LASIK; nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified 1 month after the flaps were cultured. Patient recall identified three additional cases by culture and two cases by clinical features alone. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to type the isolates, and treatment was modified based on susceptibilities.


RESULTS
M. szulgai was identified in five patients for whom cultures were performed, but response to empiric therapy based on cultures proved unsatisfactory. The keratitis resolved in all patients with treatment including clarithromycin based on susceptibilities. Medical therapy was sufficient, although one patient required flap amputation. Six of seven patients recovered best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), while one patient lost one line of BCVA. Two patients lost one line of postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), two patients gained one line of UCVA, and three patients recovered postoperative UCVA. PFGE analysis revealed that the M. szulgai strains were identical, and the infection source was contaminated ice used to chill syringes for saline lavage.


CONCLUSIONS
Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis after LASIK is a diagnostic and management challenge, but outcomes can be preserved with treatment based on susceptibilities. This cluster underscores the importance of adherence to sterile protocol during LASIK.
Fulcher
Samuel F A
SF
Division of Ophthalmology, Scott & White Memorial Hospital and Clinic, 2401 South 31st Street, Temple, TX 76508, USA. sfulcher@mailbox.sw.org
Fader
Robert C
RC
Rosa
Robert H
RH
Holmes
Gary P
GP
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin