Pelvic fracture in geriatric patients: a distinct clinical entity.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to describe differences in demographics, injury pattern, transfusion needs, and outcome of pelvic fractures in older versus younger patients.


METHODS
This was a retrospective registry review of all patients with pelvic fractures admitted directly from the scene between January 1998 and December 1999.


RESULTS
We cared for 234 patients with pelvic fractures during the study period. Mean age was 37.2 years, 51% were men, and mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 19. Overall mortality was 9%. Eighty-three percent were under the age of 55 years and 17% were older than 55 years. Severe pelvic fractures (AP3, LC3) were more common in young patients (p < 0.05). Admitting systolic blood pressure was lower and heart rate higher, although ISS was not different between the two age groups. Older patients were 2.8 times as likely to undergo transfusion (p < 0.005), and those undergoing transfusion required more blood (median, 7.5 units vs. 5 units). Older patients underwent angiography more frequently and were significantly more likely to die in the hospital even after adjusting for ISS (p < 0.005). This was most marked with ISS 15 to 25. Lateral compression (LC) fractures occurred 4.6 times more frequently in older patients than anteroposterior (AP) compression, and 8.2 times more frequently in those older patients undergoing transfusion as compared with AP compression. Ninety-eight percent of LC fractures in older patients were minor (LC1,2). However, older patients with LC fractures were nearly four times as likely to require blood compared with younger patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In older patients, pelvic fractures are more likely to produce hemorrhage and require angiography. Fracture patterns differ in older patients, with LC fractures occurring more frequently, and commonly causing significant blood loss. The outcome of older patients with pelvic fractures is significantly worse than younger patients, particularly with higher injury severity. Recognition of these differences should help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for bleeding and death early, and to refine diagnostic and resuscitation strategies.
Henry
Sharon M
SM
Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. tscalea@umm.edu
Pollak
Andrew N
AN
Jones
Alan L
AL
Boswell
Sharon
S
Scalea
Thomas M
TM
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome