Prognostic value of multidrug resistance 1, glutathione-S-transferase-pi and p53 in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with systemic chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVE
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the dominant cancers in South China and Taiwan. Although NPC is highly chemosensitive, the use of chemotherapy for treating patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC has not been very successful. The emergence of drug resistance may be one of the major reasons. However, the mechanisms of drug resistance of NPC have never been addressed before. In this study, we sought to clarify the role of classical drug resistance markers in predicting the chemosensitivity and the prognosis of patients with advanced NPC.


METHODS
In a cohort of 202 consecutive patients diagnosed at the Department of Pathology of the National Taiwan University Hospital, 44 patients with adequately preserved pretreatment tumor tissues and complete clinical information regarding the details of chemotherapy and tumor response were identified. The expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1), glutathione-S-transferase-pi (GSTpi), and p53 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Tumor response to chemotherapy and survival of the patients were the endpoints of this analysis.


RESULTS
Thirty-four patients received cisplatin-based regimens, and 28 of them were enrolled in a prospective trial using a doxorubicin-containing regimen. The overall response rate was 70%. Expression of MDR1 was seen in only 5 cases (11%) and was associated with a significantly worse overall survival, yet did not appear to predict chemoresistance to the doxorubicin-containing regimen. Overexpression of p53 was seen in 22 patients, and surprisingly, was correlated with chemoresponse and a trend towards better survival. GSTpi expression was demonstrated in 13 cases (30%) and was not correlated with chemoresistance to cisplatin-containing regimens and overall survival.


CONCLUSIONS
In this relatively small cohort, positive MDR1 immunostaining predicted a poor overall survival for recurrent or metastatic NPC patients receiving chemotherapy. Overexpression of p53 by immunohistochemical staining, however, was associated with a better response rate to systemic chemotherapy and a trend towards better survival.
Hsu
Chih-Hung
CH
Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, ROC.
Chen
Chi-Long
CL
Hong
Ruey-Long
RL
Chen
Kai-Lii
KL
Lin
Jing-Fan
JF
Cheng
Ann-Lii
AL
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil