Chromatin remodeling and tissue-selective responses of nuclear hormone receptors.
Chromatin structure of eukaryotic genes regulates gene expression by controlling the accessibility of regulatory factors. To overcome the inhibitory nature of chromatin, protein complexes that modify higher order chromatin organization and histone-DNA contacts are critical players in regulating transcription. For example, nuclear hormone receptors regulate transcription by interacting with ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes and coactivators, which include histone acetyltransferases and histone methylases that modify the basic residues of histones. A growing number of tissue-specific nuclear hormone receptor ligands, termed "selective modulators", owe their specificity, at least in part, to the differential recruitment of these chromatin-modifying coactivators. The molecular mechanisms by which these compounds modulate the functions of nuclear hormone receptors are discussed here.
Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Pei-Wen
PW
Hsiao
Bonnie J
BJ
Deroo
Trevor K
TK
Archer
D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D009928:Organ Specificity; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D002843:Chromatin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid