[Internal fixation of proximal humerus fracture by "palm tree" pinning].
OBJECTIVE
Fractures of the proximal humerus are increasingly frequent. Conservative treatment is most often proposed, but surgery must be performed when the displacement is significant and/or when the fracture is unstable. Osteoporosois and comminution are two essential elements for deciding on the surgical technique.


METHODS
This retrospective study included 31 patients who underwent pinning from the deltoid V according to the Kapandji procedure. There were 19 females and 12 males. Mean age was 61 years. There was a fracture of one of the tuberosities in 12 cases and significant metaphyseal comminution in 8.


RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 26 months. Outcome was excellent or good in 22 cases (70.9%), fair in 4 (12.9%), and poor in 5 (16.2%). Fifteen complications were noted (48.4%): material displacement 8 cases, reflex sympathic dystrophy 3 cases, radial nerve palsy 2 cases, head osteonecrosis 1 case, and humeral fracture at the site of insertion of the K wires 1 case.


CONCLUSIONS
At the present time, there is no consensus for the surgical management of fractures of the proximal humerus, including proximal metaphyseal fracture with or without fracture of one of the tuberosities. Closed reduction and pinning is not really an invasive procedure, and does not injure the rotator cuff. Surgical approach at the level of the deltoid V according to the Kapandji technique avoids elbow pain and stiffness. The procedure requires a fluoroscan and experience to obtain satisfactory divergence of the K wires in the humeral head, an essential technical point. This procedure cannot be recommended for elderly patients whose bone quality is too poor to obtain good fixation of the K wires.
Le Bellec
Y
Y
Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Bichat, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex 18.
Masmejean
E
E
Cottias
P
P
Alnot
J Y
JY
Huten
D
D
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000209:etiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications; D018579:Patient Selection; D020425:Radial Neuropathy / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012019:Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome