Salp15, an ixodes scapularis salivary protein, inhibits CD4(+) T cell activation.
Tick saliva has pleiotropic properties that facilitate persistence of the arthropod upon the host. We now describe a feeding-inducible protein in Ixodes scapularis saliva, Salp15, that inhibits CD4(+) T cell activation. The mechanism involves the repression of calcium fluxes triggered by TCR ligation and results in lower production of interleukin-2. Salp15 also inhibits the development of CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo, demonstrating the functional importance of this protein. Salp15 provides a molecular basis for understanding the immunosuppressive activity of I. scapularis saliva and vector-host interactions.
Sections of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Juan
J
Anguita
Nandhini
N
Ramamoorthi
Joppe W R
JW
Hovius
Subrata
S
Das
Venetta
V
Thomas
Rafal
R
Persinski
Dietrich
D
Conze
Philip W
PW
Askenase
Mercedes
M
Rincón
Fred S
FS
Kantor
Erol
E
Fikrig
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004330:Drosophila; D005260:Female; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018884:Ixodes; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000187:drug effects; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*
D007376:Interleukin-2; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C464566:Salp15 protein, Ixodes scapularis