Connectional evidence for dorsal and ventral V3, and other extrastriate areas in the prosimian primate, Galago garnetti.
Previously we described patterns of connections that support the concept of V3 in small New World marmoset monkeys, three species of larger New World monkeys, and two species of Old World macaque monkeys. Here we describe a pattern of V1 connections with extrastriate visual cortex in Galago garnetti (also known as Otolemur garnetti) that demonstrates the existence of a V3 in a strepsirhine (prosimian) primate. Injections of fluorochromes or cholera toxin subunit-B (CTB) in V1 labeled cells and terminals in retinotopically matched regions in V2, V3, DL (V4), and MT. Labeled axon terminations were more focused primarily in middle layers of cortex, likely representing 'feedforward' input from V1, whereas labeled cells were more widespread and found in both superficial and deeper cortical layers, indicative of feedback projections. Averaged across injections, V3 had the third largest percentage of labeled cells (11%), following only V2 (47%) and the middle temporal area (MT; 19%). The dorsolateral area (DL, or V4; 9%) also contained a relatively large number of retrogradely labeled cells. These results indicate that V2, V3, DL (V4), and MT are retinotopically connected with V1, and provide major sources of feedback. Other extrastriate areas were less densely connected to V1, and there was no clear indication of labeled terminals. Inferotemporal cortex (IT) provided nearly 7% of feedback connections, whereas the dorsomedial area (DM) contributed about 3%. The remaining areas that have been proposed for galago extrastriate cortex, MTc, MST, FST, LPP and VPP, each accounted for about 1% or less of the total number of labeled cells. Thus, six extrastriate areas, V2, MT, V3, DL (V4), IT, and DM provide over 96% of visual cortex projections to V1. These areas also provide most of the projections to V1 in New and Old World monkeys.
Lyon
David C
DC
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn 37203, USA.
Kaas
Jon H
JH
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005701:Galago; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009434:Neural Pathways; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*