[Natural history of HSV1 and HSV2 transmission modes and epidemiology consequences of HSV infection on HIV infection. Prevention].
Both Herpes simplex viruses HSV1 and HSV2 are transmitted by direct mucosal or cutaneo-mucosal contact between individuals. HSV1 is the leading cause of orofacial herpes and HSV2 the most frequently encountered cause of genital herpes. There are however a number of environmental and behavioral factors that modify the epidemiological pattern in both infections. These factors also affect virus dynamics and spread. In developing countries, HSV1 infections continues to be acquired in early childhood. In developed countries, displacement of this acquisition towards adolescence and adulthood explains, in part, the increase in genital herpes caused by HSV1. HVS2 infection progresses in the sexually active population worldwide. Although the rate of seroprevalance varies greatly from one continent to another, women are still more often infected than men. HSV2 genital infection is a cofactor for transmission and acquisition of HIV, which, in certain African regions where the two infections are highly prevalent, explains in part the progression of the HIV epidemic. Until a vaccine becomes available, the prevention depends on abstention from all oral and genital contact during periods of active disease. For genital herpes, use of a preservative has only a relative protective effect and the contribution of suppressive treatment in potentially contaminated subjects is under evaluation.
Centre médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Malkin
D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006560:Herpes Labialis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors