Effect of intravenous droperidol on intraocular pressure and retrobulbar hemodynamics.
OBJECTIVE
Topically-applied dopamine antagonists reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and inrease retinal blood flow in animal models. We examined the acute effects of intravenous infusion of a dopamine blocker (droperidol) on these parameters in healthy humans.


METHODS
Sixteen subjects free from ocular or systemic disease (mean age 33 +/- 10 yrs) received either 5 mg i.v. droperidol over 5 minutes, or i.v. saline placebo in double-masked fashion. IOP was determined 30 and 60 minutes later, while color Doppler imaging was used to determine flow velocities in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries 60 minutes after drug infusion.


RESULTS
30 minutes after drug infusion, IOP was reduced 6.0 mmHg as compared with baseline (p<0.001); after 60 minutes, IOP remained reduced by 3.7 mmHg (p<0.001). Placebo had no effect on IOP. While droperidol slightly elevated blood pressure and increased the calculated ocular perfusion pressure, the drug reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (p<0.05). Droperidol elevated peak systolic velocity in the central retinal and nasal posterior ciliary arteries, without changing end-diastolic velocity or the resistance index in either of these vessels. Droperidol had no effect on flow velocities in the ophthalmic artery or the temporal posterior ciliary artery.


CONCLUSIONS
The rapid and marked ocular hypotension resulting from intravenous droperidol suggests that this agent may prove useful in the management of acute ocular hypertension. The retrobulbar changes consequent to the ocular tension reduction likely represent autoregulatory responses to altered ocular perfusion pressure.
Harris
A
A
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA. alharris@indiana.edu
Zalish
M
M
Kagemann
L
L
Siesky
B
B
Migliardi
R
R
Garzozi
H J
HJ
D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004329:Droperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004329:Droperidol