Gender differences in psychopathology, functional impairment, and familial risk factors among adjudicated delinquents.
OBJECTIVE
To test the hypotheses that female juvenile delinquents would have higher rates of psychological symptoms, DSM-IVpsychiatric and substance use disorders, functional impairment, and familial risk factors than male juvenile delinquents.


METHODS
A stratified random sample of adjudicated delinquents (n = 513 males, n = 112 females) was drawn from San Diego County administrative databases. Of those sampled youths who could be located, 65.7% completed interviews. Psychological symptoms, DSM-lVdiagnoses, and familial risk factors were assessed between October 1997 and January 1999.


RESULTS
Female delinquents scored higher on parent and self-report measures of psychological symptoms and had higher rates of DSM-IVmental disorders than did male delinquents. Girls also experienced greater incidences of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical neglect; and family history of mental illness than their male counterparts. No gender differences were found on parental ratings of youth functional impairment, substance use disorders, comorbidity, or parental history of antisocial behavior.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicated that female adjudicated delinquents have significantly higher rates of psychopathology, maltreatment history, and familial risk factors than males and suggest that the mental health needs of girls in juvenile justice deserve increased attention.
Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children's Hospital and Health Center, San Diego, CA, USA. kmccabe@casrc.org
Kristen M
KM
McCabe
Amy E
AE
Lansing
Ann
A
Garland
Richard
R
Hough
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*