Cytokine release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood from patients with typhoid fever.
The ex vivo cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of whole blood from patients with typhoid fever was investigated. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release by LPS-stimulated blood was found to be lower during acute typhoid fever than after a course of antimicrobial therapy (P<or=.001). Ex vivo interleukin (IL)-1beta, but not IL-1 receptor antagonist, release was also depressed during the acute stage of typhoid fever. Low ex vivo production of TNF-alpha was associated with delayed recovery. No association was found between the TNFA-308 promoter polymorphism and LPS-induced TNF-alpha release, either during an active infection or after treatment. In acute typhoid fever, the ability of peripheral blood leukocytes to release proinflammatory cytokines in response to an inflammatory stimulus is depressed, and this may contribute to delayed recovery following antibiotic treatment.
Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, United Kingdom. d.house@ic.ac.uk
Deborah
D
House
Nguyen T
NT
Chinh
Tran T
TT
Hien
Christopher P
CP
Parry
Nguyen T
NT
Ly
To S
TS
Diep
John
J
Wain
Sarah
S
Dunstan
Nicholas J
NJ
White
Gordon
G
Dougan
Jeremy J
JJ
Farrar
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017963:Azithromycin