The right-handed slanting of Arabidopsis thaliana roots is due to the combined effects of positive gravitropism, circumnutation and thigmotropism.
When primary Arabidopsis roots grow down a tilted agar plate, they do not elongate following the gravitational vector along a straight line, but instead they slant noticeably to the right-hand. This process is seen mostly in the ecotypes Wassilewskjia and Landsberg, whereas it is attenuated in the ecotype Columbia, and in some mutants is even inverted. The origin of the slanting of Arabidopsis roots, that evidently constitutes a form of chirality, has so far not been sufficiently clarified. In the present paper we describe it as the general result of the cumulative effects of positive gravitropism, circumnutation and a thigmotropic obstacle-avoiding movement, and in particular, as the consequence of the alternating movement of circumnutation of the root to the right and to the left of the gravitational vector. This movement, which does not appear symmetrical in its nature, since the waves made to the right-hand are complete whereas those made to the left-hand are reduced or aborted, appears to be the reason for the observed slanting. In addition, evidence is furnished supporting the hypothesis that the strong left-handed cell-files torsion, seen in right-handed coiling roots, is not the consequence of a primary process, but of an artifact, and is due to the adjustment of the three dimensional root circumnutating helix to the flat two dimensional agar surface.
Migliaccio
F
F
Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Ecophysiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy. miglia@nserv.icmat.mlib.cnr.it
Piconese
S
S
Tronelli
G
G
D000362:Agar; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003470:Culture Media; D006112:Gravitation; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology
D003470:Culture Media; D000362:Agar