Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with celiac axis occlusion.
OBJECTIVE
To verify the hypothesis that most instances of celiac axis occlusion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are caused by diaphragmatic compression and, therefore, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) can be performed through the compressed lumen of the celiac axis.


METHODS
The authors attempted to perform TACE in 36 consecutive patients with HCC and celiac axis occlusion. Spiral computed tomographic (CT) images were available in 26 patients. Initially, catheterization of the hepatic arteries was attempted through the occluded celiac axis. If it failed, catheterization was performed through the pancreaticoduodenal arcades. The causes of celiac axis occlusion were evaluated based on spiral CT and angiographic findings, access routes, technical success rates, and related complications in superselective catheterization of hepatic arteries.


RESULTS
Among the 26 patients who underwent spiral CT, diaphragmatic compression of the celiac axis was demonstrated in 23. Selective catheterization of hepatic arteries was possible through the occluded celiac axis in 23 patients (64%). In nine (25%) of the remaining 13 patients, TACE was performed through the dilated pancreaticoduodenal arcades from the superior mesenteric artery. As a procedure-related complication, celiac axis dissection occurred in one patient (3%).


CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with celiac axis occlusion had arcuate ligament compression. In TACE, the celiac artery occlusion could be traversed directly and this should be the initial approach.
Kwon
Jong Won
JW
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Chung
Jin Wook
JW
Song
Soon-Young
SY
Lim
Hyung Guhn
HG
Myung
Jae Sung
JS
Choi
Young Ho
YH
Park
Jae Hyung
JH
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome