Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 generates both an antithrombin-binding site and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus, type 1.
Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase transfers sulfate to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine residue of heparan sulfate (HS) to form 3-O-sulfated HS. The 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residue contributes to two important biological functions of HS: binding to antithrombin and thereby carrying anticoagulant activity, and binding to herpes simplex viral envelope glycoprotein D to serve as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. A total of five HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoforms were reported previously. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform, designated as HS 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 5 (3-OST-5). 3-OST-5 cDNA was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library and expressed in COS-7 cells. The disaccharide analysis of 3-OST-5-modified HS revealed that 3-OST-5 generated at least three 3-O-sulfated disaccharides as follows: IdoUA2S-AnMan3S, GlcUA-AnMan3S6S, and IdoUA2S-AnMan3S6S. Transfection of the plasmid expressing 3-OST-5 rendered wild type Chinese hamster ovary cells susceptible to the infection by herpes simplex virus 1, suggesting that 3-OST-5-modified HS serves as an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. In addition, 3-OST-5-modified HS bound to herpes simplex viral envelope protein glycoprotein D. Furthermore, we found that 3-OST-5-modified HS also bound to antithrombin, suggesting that 3-OST-5 also produces anticoagulant HS. In summary, our results indicate that a new member of 3-OST family generates both anticoagulant HS and an entry receptor for herpes simplex virus 1. These results provide a new insight regarding the mechanism for the biosynthesis of biologically active HS.
Xia
Guoqing
G
Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center C13, Lund University, Lund S-22184, Sweden.
Chen
Jinghua
J
Tiwari
Vaibhav
V
Ju
Wujian
W
Li
Jin-Ping
JP
Malmstrom
Anders
A
Shukla
Deepak
D
Liu
Jian
J
D000818:Animals; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D018411:Spodoptera; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
D000991:Antithrombins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004187:Disaccharides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C021350:heparitin sulfotransferase