Mutations in the human ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 in sitosterolemia.
Phytosterolemia or Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by highly elevated plasma levels of plant sterols and cholesterol as a consequence of hyperabsorption and impaired biliary secretion of sterols. The disease is caused by mutations in two half size ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8. We have analyzed the genomic sequence of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in five well-characterized patients with Sitosterolemia. In the first patient we found a heterozygous mutation in exon 8 of the ABCG5 gene leading to a premature termination of the protein (Arg408Ter). This German patient is the first European showing a mutation of the ABCG5 gene. In a second patient we found a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 5 of ABCG8 (c.584T>A; Leu195Gln). Both patients were heterozygous for the identified mutation, but no mutation could be identified on the other chromosome. In three further analyzed patients we found mutations in exons 7, 9 and 11 of the ABCG8 gene, respectively, of which two result in a premature termination signal for translation products. One of these patients was compound heterozygous (Trp361Ter and Arg412Ter), the other was homozygous for Trp361Ter. The third patient was homozygous for an amino acid exchange (Gly574Arg). In conclusion this report describes one novel mutation affecting a highly conserved amino acid and two previously identified mutations in the ABCG8 gene. In addition, we identified for the first time a mutation in the ABCG5 gene of a European Sitosterolemia patient.
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Susanne
S
Heimerl
Thomas
T
Langmann
Christoph
C
Moehle
Richard
R
Mauerer
Michael
M
Dean
Frank-Ulrich
FU
Beil
Klaus
K
von Bergmann
Gerd
G
Schmitz
D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000097:blood*
C416945:ABCG5 protein, human; C416946:ABCG8 protein, human; D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D008074:Lipoproteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D012855:Sitosterols