Service provision of complex mutation analysis: a technical and economic appraisal using dystrophin point mutation analysis as an example.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results from mutations in the dystrophin gene. One-third of cases arise from point mutations, which are heterogeneous and difficult to detect. The aims of this study of dystrophin point mutation analysis were to assess its technical feasibility in a routine diagnostic laboratory, and to estimate its costs and clinical benefits. The methods used were a laboratory based study using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a protein truncation test, and a mathematical model to estimate costs and clinical benefits. None of the cases analyzed had an identifiable dystrophin deletion or duplication. They were 12 males affected with DMD and two obligate female carriers; two female carriers of known dystrophin point mutations were also analyzed. Point mutations were detected in six out of 12 males, but in none of the female carriers. Assuming a sensitivity of 50% the model predicts significant clinical benefits of point mutation analysis over linkage analysis, including a reduction in the number of prenatal diagnoses (by 0.77 per family), terminations of pregnancy (by 0.18 per family), and terminations of unaffected fetuses (by 0.16 per family). The mean cost of point mutation analysis to prevent the termination of an unaffected fetus is 6220 US dollars.
Nixon
John
J
Oxford Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Churchill, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. johnnixon@doctors.org.uk
Cockburn
D
D
Hopkin
J
J
Seller
A
A
Huson
S M
SM
D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D033142:Genetic Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000191:economics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods
D016189:Dystrophin