The molecular determinants of ionic regulatory differences between brain and kidney Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) isoforms.
The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger gene NCX1 undergoes alternative splicing leading to several isoforms that differ in a small portion of the large cytoplasmic loop. This loop is involved in many regulatory processes of NCX1, including ionic regulation by the transported substrates Na(+) and Ca(2+). High intracellular Ca(2+) can alleviate intracellular Na(+)-dependent inactivation in exon A (NCX1.4)-containing isoforms but not in those containing the mutually exclusive exon B (NCX1.3). Giant excised patches from Xenopus oocytes expressing various NCX1 constructs were used to examine the specific amino acids responsible for these observed regulatory differences. Using a chimeric approach, the region responsible was narrowed down to the small central part of exon A (IDDEEYEKNKTF). Replacing the second aspartic acid of this sequence with arginine (the corresponding amino acid in exon B) in an exon A background completely prevented the effect of Ca(2+) on intracellular Na(+)-dependent inactivation. Mutating the second lysine to cysteine (exon B) had a similar, but only partial, effect. The converse double mutant, but neither single mutation alone, introduced into an exon B background (arginine to aspartic acid and cysteine to lysine) was able to restore the NCX1.4 regulatory phenotype. These data demonstrate that aspartic acid 610 and lysine 617 (using the rat NCX1.4 numbering scheme) are critical molecular determinants of the unique Ca(2+) regulatory properties of NCX1.4.
Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Jeremy
J
Dunn
Chadwick L
CL
Elias
Hoa Dinh
HD
Le
Alexander
A
Omelchenko
Larry V
LV
Hryshko
Jonathan
J
Lytton
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C110374:sodium-calcium exchanger 1; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium