Congener-distribution patterns and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Korean human milk.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry in human milk samples from an urban and an industrial area in Korea. All PCB congeners were analyzed to characterize the congener distribution as well as to evaluate the toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) values and the total concentration. In homologue distributions of PCBs, two distinct patterns were found. The mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were 15.13 and 5.64 TEQ pg/g fat (based on WHO TEF, 1997), respectively. The contamination in Korean human milk is comparable to that found in other countries. From these results a daily intake of 60 TEQ pg/kg/day for an infant was estimated. The assumptions were that the infant breast feeds for 1 year, has an average body weight of 10 kg during this period, and ingests 800 g/day of human milk containing a mean concentration of 20.84 TEQ (PCDD/Fs) pg/g fat (based on primipara mothers).
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Namgu, South Korea.
Yoon-Hee
YH
Yang
Yoon-Seok
YS
Chang
Byung-Hoon
BH
Kim
Dong-Chun
DC
Shin
Michael G
MG
Ikonomou
D000328:Adult; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001835:Body Weight; D001942:Breast Feeding; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007723:Korea; D008875:Middle Aged; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014505:Urban Population
D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls