Bicalutamide as immediate therapy either alone or as adjuvant to standard care of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: first analysis of the early prostate cancer program.
OBJECTIVE
We determine the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, in patients with clinically localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.


METHODS
This international program consists of 3 ongoing, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials (trials 23, 24, and 25). Men with localized or locally advanced (T1-T4, Nx/N0, M0) prostate cancer were randomized to receive 150 mg. bicalutamide daily or placebo, in addition to standard care with radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or watchful waiting. Primary end points are time to objective progression and overall survival. In this first analysis data from the trials were combined in a single overview analysis according to protocol.


RESULTS
Data are available for 8,113 patients (4,052 randomized to bicalutamide, 4,061 to standard care alone) at a median followup of 3.0 years. Treatment with bicalutamide provided a highly significant reduction of 42% in the risk of objective progression compared with standard care alone (9.0% versus 13.8%, hazards ratio 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.66; p <<0.0001). The overall result was reflected in 2 of the 3 trials (trials 24 and 25) with trial 3 (trial 23) showing a nonsignificant difference at this time. Reductions in the risk of disease progression were seen across the entire patient population, irrespective of primary treatment or disease stage. Overall survival data are currently immature and longer followup will determine if there is also a survival benefit with bicalutamide. The most frequently reported side effects of bicalutamide were gynecomastia and breast pain.


CONCLUSIONS
Immediate treatment with 150 mg. bicalutamide daily, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, significantly reduces the risk of disease progression in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. This benefit must be balanced with the morbidity associated with long-term hormonal therapy. Followup is ongoing to determine potential survival benefits of this treatment approach.
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
William A
WA
See
Manfred P
MP
Wirth
David G
DG
McLeod
Peter
P
Iversen
Ira
I
Klimberg
Donald
D
Gleason
Gerald
G
Chodak
James
J
Montie
Chris
C
Tyrrell
D M A
DM
Wallace
Karl P J
KP
Delaere
Sigmund
S
Vaage
Teuvo L J
TL
Tammela
Olavi
O
Lukkarinen
Bo-Eric
BE
Persson
Kevin
K
Carroll
Geert J C M
GJ
Kolvenbag
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009570:Nitriles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide