[Health inequality indicators: a discussion of some methodological approaches as applied to neonatal mortality in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, 2000].
Epidemiology has investigated the relationship between health status and different social and economic factors ever since the field emerged. Studies have consistently shown that the population's health status bears a strong social gradient, invariably unfavorable to the less privileged groups. Increasing interest in understanding and characterizing health inequalities has broadened the discussion in the recent literature on appropriate concepts and methodological procedures for measuring differences in health status according to socioeconomic level. This study presents a critical assessment of health inequality indicators, focusing on the following: the redistribution principle and its application to health status; the influence of income inequality; epidemiological and statistical approaches to the problem; and evaluation of health system performance in reducing health inequalities. As an example, inequalities in the neonatal mortality rate are analyzed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2000, according to the mother's level of schooling, reviewing the minimum requisites for defining an adequate health inequality indicator.
Szwarcwald
Célia Landmann
CL
Departamento de Informação em Saúde, Centro de Informação Científica e Tecnológica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. celials@fiocruz.br
Bastos
Francisco Inácio
FI
Andrade
Carla Lourenço Tavares de
CL
D001724:Birth Weight; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011634:Public Health; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors