Overview of results from the WaterTox intercalibration and environmental testing phase II program: Part 1, statistical analysis of blind sample testing.
There is an urgent need to evaluate the presence of toxicants in waters used for human consumption and to develop strategies to reduce and prevent their contamination. The International Development Research Centre undertook an intercalibration project to develop and validate a battery of bioassays for toxicity testing of water samples. The project was carried out in two phases by research institutions from eight countries that formed the WaterTox network. Results for the first phase were reported in the special September 2000 issue of Environmental Toxicology. Phase II involved toxicity screening tests of environmental and blind samples (chemical solutions of unknown composition to participating laboratories) using the following battery: Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuata, seed root inhibition with Lactuca sativa, and Selenastrum capricornutum. This battery was also used to assess potential toxicity in concentrated (10x) water samples. Results are presented for a set of six blind samples sent to the participating laboratories over a 1-year period. Analyses were performed for each bioassay to evaluate variations among laboratories of responses to negative controls, violations of test quality control criteria, false positive responses induced by sample concentration, and variability within and between labs of responses to toxic samples. Analyses of the data from all bioassays and labs provided comparisons of false positive rates (based on blind negative samples), test sensitivities to a metal or organic toxicant, and interlaboratory test variability. Results indicate that the battery was reliable in detecting toxicity when present. However, some false positives were identified with a concentrated soft-water sample and with the Lactuca and Hydra (sublethal end-point) tests. Probabilities of detecting false positives for individual and combined toxic responses of the four bioassays are presented. Overall, interlaboratory comparisons indicate a good reliability of the battery.
Ronco
A
A
Faculty of Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina. cima@dalton.quimica.unlp.edu.ar
Gagnon
P
P
Diaz-Baez
M C
MC
Arkhipchuk
V
V
Castillo
G
G
Castillo
L E
LE
Dutka
B J
BJ
Pica-Granados
Y
Y
Ridal
J
J
Srivastava
R C
RC
Sánchez
A
A
D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D000460:Chlorophyta; D003621:Daphnia; D003906:Developing Countries; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006829:Hydra; D007391:International Cooperation; D007753:Laboratories; D018545:Lactuca; D015588:Observer Variation; D018517:Plant Roots; D012016:Reference Values; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
D014873:Water Pollutants