Aspirin and coumadin after acute coronary syndromes (the ASPECT-2 study): a randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and oral anticoagulants reduces recurrence of ischaemic events after myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate which of these drugs is more effective in the long term after acute coronary events, and whether the combination of aspirin and oral anticoagulants offers greater benefit than either of these agents alone, without excessive risk of bleeding.


METHODS
In a randomised open-label trial in 53 sites, we randomly assigned 999 patients to low-dose aspirin, high-intensity oral anticoagulation, or combined low-dose aspirin and moderate intensity oral anticoagulation. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 26 months. The primary composite endpoint was first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death.


RESULTS
The primary endpoint was reached in 31 (9%) of 336 patients on aspirin, in 17 (5%) of 325 on anticoagulants (hazard ratio 0.55 [95% CI 0.30-1.00], p=0.0479), and in 16 (5%) of 332 on combination therapy (0.50 [0.27-0.92], p=0.03). Major bleeding was recorded in three (1%) patients on aspirin, three (1%) on anticoagulants (1.03 [0.21-5.08], p=1.0), and seven (2%) on combination therapy (2.35 [0.61-9.10], p=0.2). Frequency of minor bleeding was 5%, 8% (1.68 [0.92-3.07], p=0.20), and 15% (3.13 [1.82-5.37], p=<0.0001), in the three groups, respectively. 164 patients permanently discontinued the study drug. Analyses were done by intention to treat.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients recently admitted with acute coronary events, treatment with high-intensity oral anticoagulants or aspirin with medium-intensity oral anticoagulants was more effective than aspirin on its own in reduction of subsequent cardiovascular events and death.
van Es
Robert F
RF
Julius Centre for General Practice and Patient Oriented Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands.
Jonker
Jan J C
JJ
Verheugt
Freek W A
FW
Deckers
Jaap W
JW
Grobbee
Diederick E
DE
D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009426:Netherlands; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin