Prediction of steady-state skin permeabilities of polar and nonpolar permeants across excised pig skin based on measurements of transient diffusion: characterization of hydration effects on the skin porous pathway.
The applicability of a two-parameter Fickian diffusion model for predicting the skin steady-state permeability based on measurements of the transient transport of permeants across the skin was tested. Using five model permeants possessing different physicochemical properties and pig skin as the model membrane, the skin permeabilities predicted by the two-parameter Fickian diffusion model were compared with the measured skin permeabilities. Results show that the transient skin permeation profiles of the hydrophobic permeants, estradiol, testosterone, and dolichol, across split-thickness pig skin can be modeled adequately by the two-parameter Fickian diffusion model (with constant parameter values), and therefore, that this model can be utilized to shorten the experimental time required to determine the skin permeabilities of these compounds. However, the skin permeabilities of the highly hydrophilic permeants, mannitol and sucrose, predicted by the two-parameter Fickian diffusion model (with constant parameter values) were significantly lower than the experimentally determined values, indicating that the dominant skin pathway of polar permeants within the excised pig skin undergoes significant structural changes during the in vitro diffusion cell studies. Although the skin permeability values determined experimentally using the traditional steady-state method normally correspond to a highly hydrated skin sample, the two-parameter Fickian diffusion model enables an estimation of the skin permeability of the skin membrane at its less-hydrated state (a condition more representative of in vivo and clinical situations). Using the two-parameter Fickian diffusion model and a recently developed skin porous-pathway theory, the effects of skin hydration on the skin porous pathway within the excised pig skin were characterized. Specifically, we found that hydration leads to induction of new pores/reduction of the tortuosity of existing pores within the excised pig skin during the 48 h diffusion cell studies conducted, while the skin average pore radii remain relatively constant (approximately 26 A) for up to 48 h.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 02139-4307, USA.
Hua
H
Tang
Daniel
D
Blankschtein
Robert
R
Langer
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004058:Diffusion; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
D008353:Mannitol; D013395:Sucrose