New-onset seizures as an initial presentation of end-stage renal failure in patients with HIV/AIDS.
We present 2 patients with HIV/AIDS and suspected HIV-associated nephropathy who presented with end-stage renal disease and new-onset seizures. These cases highlight the relationship between metabolic disorders and new-onset seizures in HIV-infected persons. Causes of new-onset seizures in this setting include opportunistic infections, HIV-associated dementia (AIDS dementia complex), and various metabolic disorders. A sizable proportion of patients had no identifiable cause of seizures despite extensive workup. In these instances, seizures can be attributed to subclinical effects--direct and indirect--of HIV on the brain. Seizures tended to be recurrent, sometimes despite anticonvulsant therapy. In a subset of patients, seizures were the initial presenting sign of HIV infection.
State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
Toyin F
TF
Olatinwo
Ross G
RG
Hewitt
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants