Immunological adjuvants efficiently induce antigen-specific T cell responses in old mice: implications for vaccine adjuvant development in aged individuals.
The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases are significantly increased in aged humans. Hence, vaccination has been suggested as a means to reduce or prevent the impact of infections on old individuals. However, it has remained unresolved whether or not standard vaccine adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide (Alum) are similarly efficacious in old individuals, as compared to young adults. Here, we have investigated the effects of prototypic immunological adjuvants, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), or Alum on HEL-specific T cell responses in young adult and old mice. We report that independent of the adjuvant used, the induced T cell responses to the prototypic protein antigen hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL) were similar in young adult and old mice in terms of cytokine production, T cell frequencies, determinant specificity, and T cell repertoire. The results suggest that vaccine adjuvants developed in young adults should be equally effective in inducing T cell immunity in old individuals.
Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, BRB 936, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106-4943, USA.
Monika B
MB
Ebhardt
Carey L
CL
Shive
Rocio
R
Guardia
Laurent
L
Gapin
Bernhard O
BO
Boehm
Thomas G
TG
Forsthuber
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D016207:Cytokines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D008055:Lipids; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D014612:Vaccines; C114843:incomplete Freund's adjuvant; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; C421864:hen egg lysozyme; D009113:Muramidase