Prognostic factors and molecular markers for renal cell carcinoma.
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in the kidney, affecting nearly 30,000 Americans every year and is associated with over 12,000 deaths annually. If detected early, renal cell carcinomas can be cured surgically. However, once metastatic disease develops the prognosis for long-term survival is poor. Unfortunately, one-third of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and approximately 50% of the patients undergoing surgical resection for less advanced disease eventually relapse. This review examines the clinical and molecular prognostic tools currently available or under investigation for kidney cancer.
University of California School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 66-118 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738, USA.
M H
MH
Bui
A
A
Zisman
A J
AJ
Pantuck
K R
KR
Han
J
J
Wieder
A S
AS
Belldegrun
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor