Proteasomal degradation of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-activated rac.
The cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) from Escherichia coli has been shown to activate members of the Rho family by deamidation of glutamine 63. This amino acid is essential for hydrolysis of GTP, and any substitution results in a constitutively active Rho. Activation of Rho induces the formation of stress fibers, filopodia, and membrane ruffles due to activation of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac, respectively. Here we show that the level of endogenous Rac decreased in CNF1-treated HEK293 and HeLa cells. The amount of mRNA remained unaffected, leaving the possibility that Rac is subject to proteolytic degradation. Treatment of cells with lactacystin, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, protected Rac from degradation. We have previously shown that CNF1 activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) only transiently in HeLa cells (M. Lerm, J. Selzer, A. Hoffmeyer, U. R. Rapp, K. Aktories, and G. Schmidt, Infect. Immun. 67:496-503, 1998). Here we show that CNF1-induced JNK activation is stabilized in the presence of lactacystin. The data indicate that Rac is degraded by a proteasome-dependent pathway in CNF1-treated cells.
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany.
Maria
M
Lerm
Marius
M
Pop
Gerhard
G
Fritz
Klaus
K
Aktories
Gudula
G
Schmidt
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D003603:Cytotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C060296:cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1; C067713:lactacystin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C061553:ATP dependent 26S protease; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D000111:Acetylcysteine