Breastfeeding, baby friendliness and birth in transition in North Western Russia: a study of women's perceptions of the care they receive when giving birth in six maternity homes in the cities of Archangelsk and Murmansk, 1999.
Women's own views on the quality of the birthing care they received were recorded in a small study in the cities of Archangelsk and Murmansk in February 1999. Six maternity wards took part; one hospital had already been designated as a Baby Friendly Hospital (BFH) according to the strict global criteria of the WHO/UNICEF-recommended Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). Two of the hospitals had made profound changes in feeding routines and were by their own reckoning close to achieving this distinction, and were included in the BFH group. Three maternity wards were far from being in compliance with the BFHI approach and were grouped as the Non-Baby-Friendly Hospitals (NBFH). A total of 180 newly delivered mothers answered a 60-item questionnaire about their birthing and breastfeeding experiences. The questions were chosen from an existing protocol, the WEB (Women's Experiences of Birth) developed by one of the authors (BC). The study was part of an informal evaluation of five years of BFHI activities in the Barents Region, supported by Norway, and also aimed at recording any positive carry-over effect of the BFHI into obstetric routines as a whole.


CONCLUSIONS
It was found that the project definitely had had an impact; feeding practices at the BFH were markedly closer to the international BFHI recommendations than at the NBFH. BFH mothers, however, reported suffering from breastfeeding problems just as often or more so than NBFH mothers. Possible explanations are discussed; it is concluded that this cross-sectional study may depict a transitory situation in the BFH. At the two hospitals not yet assessed, although staff felt that they had made profound changes, they may not yet have grasped the full extent and stringency of the changes required. The study shows that, despite good will, some practical details had not yet been worked out, resulting in a mixed outcome for the mothers. There was no noticeable carry-over of the attitudes and basic ideas of the project into obstetric care, either in the BFH or in the NBFH, so changes in this area may require separate strategies.
Helsing
E
E
Department of International Affairs and Public Health, Board of Health, Oslo, Norway. ehel@online.no
Chalmers
B E
BE
Dinekina
T J
TJ
Kondakova
N I
NI
D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007224:Infant Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D036801:Parturition; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010465:Perception; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012426:Russia