A first-generation linkage disequilibrium map of human chromosome 22.
DNA sequence variants in specific genes or regions of the human genome are responsible for a variety of phenotypes such as disease risk or variable drug response. These variants can be investigated directly, or through their non-random associations with neighbouring markers (called linkage disequilibrium (LD)). Here we report measurement of LD along the complete sequence of human chromosome 22. Duplicate genotyping and analysis of 1,504 markers in Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) reference families at a median spacing of 15 kilobases (kb) reveals a highly variable pattern of LD along the chromosome, in which extensive regions of nearly complete LD up to 804 kb in length are interspersed with regions of little or no detectable LD. The LD patterns are replicated in a panel of unrelated UK Caucasians. There is a strong correlation between high LD and low recombination frequency in the extant genetic map, suggesting that historical and contemporary recombination rates are similar. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing genome-wide maps of LD.
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Elisabeth
E
Dawson
Gonçalo R
GR
Abecasis
Suzannah
S
Bumpstead
Yuan
Y
Chen
Sarah
S
Hunt
David M
DM
Beare
Jagjit
J
Pabial
Thomas
T
Dibling
Emma
E
Tinsley
Susan
S
Kirby
David
D
Carter
Marianna
M
Papaspyridonos
Simon
S
Livingstone
Rocky
R
Ganske
Elin
E
Lõhmussaar
Jana
J
Zernant
Neeme
N
Tõnisson
Maido
M
Remm
Reedik
R
Mägi
Tarmo
T
Puurand
Jaak
J
Vilo
Ants
A
Kurg
Kate
K
Rice
Panos
P
Deloukas
Richard
R
Mott
Andres
A
Metspalu
David R
DR
Bentley
Lon R
LR
Cardon
Ian
I
Dunham
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D018703:Founder Effect; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic