Value of tumour marker S-100B in melanoma patients: a comparison to 18F-FDG PET and clinical data.
OBJECTIVE
The S-100B protein is commonly used in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of malignant melanoma and its metastases and has recently been introduced as a tumor marker in peripheral blood, whereas 18F-FDG PET is currently the most sensitive in-vivo imaging method for melanoma staging. Thus, the efficiency of serum S-100B and 18F-FDG PET in the detection of metastatic disease in melanoma patients are compared.


METHODS
Serum S-100B was measured with a commercially available immunoradiometric assay. As part of primary tumour staging whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F labeled fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was performed in 67 patients suffering from cutaneous melanoma with a tumour thickness > 0.75 mm and a Clark-level III-V. Final diagnosis based on histology, morphologic imaging results and/or clinical follow-up after at least six months.


RESULTS
No evidence of disease was seen in 43 of 67 patients (64.2%), 11 patients (16.4%) presented with lymph node metastases, 13 patients (19.4%) had one or more distant metastases. Alltogether, 18 of 67 patients showed S-100B values > 0.2 microgram/l, including two patients without metastatic disease, 3 of 11 patients with lymph node metastases, and the 13 patients with distant metastases. One patient showed false-positive FDG-uptake in the mediastinum, but presented with S-100B values off curve.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that serum S-100B determination might be helpful in identifying melanoma patients with distant metastases. In comparison to 18F-FDG PET, the value of serum S-100B for lymph-node staging is limited.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn. michael.reinhardt@ukb.uni-bonn.de
M J
MJ
Reinhardt
J
J
Kensy
J P
JP
Frohmann
P
P
Willkomm
U
U
Reinhold
F
F
Grünwald
H J
HJ
Biersack
H
H
Bender
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18