Effects of Ti ions and particles on neutrophil function and morphology.
We compared the cytotoxicity of soluble and particulate titanium (Ti), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) by biochemical functional analysis and by microscopic morphology with micro-area elemental analysis in vitro using human neutrophils as probes and in vivo in animals. The biochemical analyses of LDH, superoxide anion, TNF-alpha and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Ni in solution destroys the cell membrane of neutrophils, whereas Ti and V in solution stimulate neutrophils and increase the quantity of released superoxide anions. Fine Ti particles (1-3 microm), which smaller than neutrophils (about 5 microm), were phagocytized by the cells and the results were similar in vivo. These results showed that the cytotoxic effect of Ti particles is size dependent, and that they must be smaller than that of cells. The present study demonstrated that the biochemical functional tests are useful for evaluating the biocompatibility of materials.
Kumazawa
Ryuichiro
R
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. kuma@den.hokudai.ac.jp
Watari
Fumio
F
Takashi
Noriyuki
N
Tanimura
Yukihiro
Y
Uo
Motohiro
M
Totsuka
Yasunori
Y
D000818:Animals; D002412:Cations; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012995:Solubility; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014639:Vanadium / Q000633:toxicity
D002412:Cations; D014639:Vanadium; D013481:Superoxides; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium