Human liver-derived cells stably modified for regulated proinsulin secretion function as bioimplants in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Insulin deficiency is currently treated with pharmacological insulin secretagogues, insulin injections or islet transplants. Secondary failure of pharmacological agents is common; insulin injections often fail to achieve euglycemic control; and islet transplants are rare. Non-beta cells capable of regulated insulin secretion in vivo could be a functional cure for diabetes. Hepatocytes are good candidates, being naturally glucose-responsive, protein-secreting cells, while the liver is positioned to receive direct nutrient signals that regulate insulin production.


METHODS
Human liver-derived Chang cells were modified with a plasmid construct in which a bifunctional promoter comprising carbohydrate response elements and the human metallothionein IIA promoter controlled human proinsulin cDNA expression. Secretory responses of stable cell clones were characterized in vitro and in vivo by proinsulin radioimmunoassay.


RESULTS
Transfected Chang cells secreted 5-8 pmol proinsulin/10(6) cells per 24 h in continuous passage for at least a year in response to 5-25 mM glucose and 10-90 microM zinc in vitro. Glucose and zinc synergistically increased proinsulin production by up to 30-fold. Non-glucose secretagogues were also active. Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase cDNA co-transfection enhanced glucose responsiveness. Intraperitoneally implanted Chang cells secreted proinsulin in scid and Balb/c mice. Serum proinsulin levels were further increased 1.3-fold (p<0.05) after glucose and 1.4- to 1.6-fold (p<0.005) after zinc administration in vivo.


CONCLUSIONS
These results are the first to demonstrate stable proinsulin production in a human liver-derived cell line with activity in vitro and in vivo and provide a basis for engineering hepatocytes as in vivo bioimplants for future diabetes treatment.
Chen
Xiang
X
Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Patil
Jawahar G
JG
Lok
Serene H L
SH
Kon
Oi Lian
OL
D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
D011384:Proinsulin; D005947:Glucose; D015032:Zinc