Uptake of indocyanine green by hepatocytes under inflow occlusion of the liver.
BACKGROUND
It is not clear that hepatic venous backflow actually contributes to hepatic tissue oxygenation under inflow occlusion of the liver. In order to prove that substances delivered via the hepatic vein can be utilized and/or metabolized in hepatocytes during inflow occlusion, hepatic uptake in bile and excretion of indocyanine green (ICG) were investigated in pigs.


METHODS
Animals were divided into two groups: an inflow occlusion (IO) group (N = 6) and a total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) group (N = 3) using a bypass. One milligram of ICG per kilogram body weight was administered at the beginning of blood flow occlusion, the retention rate in the blood (ICG R) measured, and the ICG in the hepatic tissue measured by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the ICG concentration was measured in bile excreted by intermittent perfusion of the liver.


RESULTS
ICG R declined with time in both groups; however, ICG R in the IO group decreased much faster than in the THVE group. There were significant differences between the two groups after 30 min of occlusion (P < 0.05). ICG in the hepatic tissue could be detected as a peak at 805 nm 10 min after ICG injection, and the peak became steeper with time. On the other hand, ICG was not detected at all in the hepatic tissue after 180 min in the THVE group. ICG was excreted in the bile after 60 min under IO and increased with time. On the contrary, ICG was not excreted in the bile at all under THVE. There were significant differences between the two groups after 90 min (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that ICG can be extracted in hepatocytes and excreted in bile under IO of the liver. Consequently, substances such as oxygen and drugs, which are delivered via the hepatic vein, can be utilized and/or metabolized in hepatocytes under IO.
Sato
Tsutomu
T
Department of Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan. sato@surg1.med.akita-u.ac.jp
Kurokawa
Toshiaki
T
Kusano
Tomoyuki
T
Kato
Takeshi
T
Yasui
Ouki
O
Asanuma
Yoshihiro
Y
Koyama
Kenji
K
D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003250:Constriction; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013552:Swine
D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green