Progressive hypertrophy regression with sustained pressure reduction in hypertension: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the time course of left ventricular (LV) geometric response to blood pressure (BP) control during 2 years of systematic antihypertensive treatment.


METHODS
A total of 754 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by Cornell voltage-duration product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria on a screening electrocardiogram had their LV mass measured by echocardiogram at enrolment in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) trial, and after 12 and 24 months of blinded therapy with losartan-based or atenolol-based regimens.


METHODS
The LIFE trial, in which hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic LVH (Cornell voltage-duration product > 2440 mm x ms and/or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria SV1 + RV5-6 > 38 mm) were randomized to >or= 4 years double-blinded treatment with losartan or atenolol.


METHODS
A total of 754 LIFE participants with serial echocardiographic measurements of LV geometry.


METHODS
None.


METHODS
LV wall thicknesses, diameter and mass, and its indices.


RESULTS
Mean systolic/diastolic BP fell from 173/95 to 150/84 mmHg after 1 year (P < 0.001) and to 148/83 mmHg at year 2 (P = not significant). Mean echocardiographic LV mass fell from 233 g at baseline to 206 g after 1 year (P < 0.001, adjusted for change in systolic BP) and to 195 g at year 2 (P < 0.001 versus year 1), with a parallel decrease in indexed LV mass [from 56.1 to 49.7 g/m2.7 (P < 0.001), to 47.1 g/m2.7 (P < 0.001 versus year 1)]. Relative wall thickness decreased from 0.41 at baseline to 0.37 at year 1 (P < 0.001), to 0.36 at year 2 (P < 0.001 versus year 1). As a result, there were serial decreases in prevalences of eccentric LVH [44 to 38%, and to 30% (P < 0.001 versus year 1)] and concentric LVH [24 to 7% (P < 0.001), to 2% (P < 0.05 versus year 1)], and increases in the proportion with normal LV geometry [22 to 50% (P < 0.001), and to 64% (P < 0.01 versus year 1)].


CONCLUSIONS
Sustained BP reduction in hypertensive patients with target organ damage causes continued decrease in echocardiographic LV mass and prevalence of anatomic LVH for at least 2 years despite only small BP decreases after the first year of blinded therapy. These data document cardiac benefit of sustained BP control and suggest that maximum LVH regression with effective antihypertensive treatment requires at least 2 years.
Devereux
Richard B
RB
Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. rbdevere@med.cornell.edu
Palmieri
Vittorio
V
Liu
Jennifer E
JE
Wachtell
Kristian
K
Bella
Jonathan N
JN
Boman
Kurt
K
Gerdts
Eva
E
Nieminen
Markku S
MS
Papademetriou
Vasilios
V
Dahlöf
Björn
B
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004452:Echocardiography; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019808:Losartan