title: Differential diagnosis between patent foramen ovale and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in two patients with previous cryptogenic stroke caused by presumed paradoxical embolism.
abstract: Development of improved devices for interventional closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale increased the number of adult patients who are being referred for transcatheter closure. We report two cases that were scheduled for patent foramen ovale closure because of a right-to-left atrial shunt detected at contrast transesophageal echocardiography in another institution and that were found to have pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas was carried out successfully by transcatheter technique.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Cardiology, Istituto Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy. massimochessa@lycos.com
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: Pencho
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krantunkov
authors.forename: Margherita Roberta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Butera
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossone
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carminati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology