title: Diffuse brain injury complicated by acute subdural hematoma and secondary insults in the rodents: the effect of surgical evacuation.
abstract: Head Trauma associated with acute sudural hematoma (SDH) and complicated by secondary insult is a grave clinical combination with complex pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to develop a clinically relevant injury model, which can be used to study the interaction between injury mechanisms. We present a novel model of SDH combined with diffuse brain injury (DBI) and a hypoxic secondary insult, and investigate the effects of surgical evacuation. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given a 300 microliters SDH and 20 minute-hypoxia following Impact Acceleration DBI. Hematoma was evacuated at one hour post-injury. Physiological parameters were measured for 5 hours, together with assessment of brain water content. Secondary insult after traumatic SDH was associated with significant brain swelling and stimulated refractory rise in ICP. In traumatic SDH complicated by secondary insult, brain swelling is exacerbated by surgical evacuation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawauchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Signoretti
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marmarou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors