Applied clinical immunology in sarcoidosis.
Staging of sarcoidosis needs a synthesis of clinical features, histology, radiology, biochemical changes, and immunologic aberrations to distinguish this disease from nonspecific sarcoid-tissue reactions. The main aim of this report is to offer readers an overview on immunologic markers that have been evaluated in the last years with the ultimate goal of relating their determination to the management of the disease. The first part is devoted to immunologic markers that have been proposed to define the activity of the T-cell component of the sarcoid inflammatory process. In the second part of the paper, we will provide a descriptive definition of immunologic markers of activity of sarcoid macrophages relating them to the clinical course of sarcoidosis.
Semenzato
Gianpietro
G
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy. g.semenzato@unipd.it
Bortoli
Michela
M
Agostini
Carlo
C
D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000276:immunology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1