title: Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans.
abstract: While psychopaths (PP) lack anticipatory fear, social phobics (SP) are characterized by excessive fear. Criminal PP, SP and healthy controls (HC) participated in differential aversive delay conditioning with neutral faces as conditioned (CS) and painful pressure as unconditioned stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed differential activation in the limbic-prefrontal circuit (orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, amygdala) in the HC. By contrast, the PP displayed brief amygdala, but no further brain activation. The SP showed increased activity to the faces in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex already during habituation. Thus, a hypoactive frontolimbic circuit may represent the neural correlate of psychopathic behavior, whereas an overactive frontolimbic system may underly social fear.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Gartenstrasse 29, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grodd
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008032:Limbic System / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011312:Pressure; D012016:Reference Values