title: Decreased endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in healthy young smokers.
abstract: Chronic cigarette smoking alters coronary vascular endothelial response. To determine whether altered response also occurs in young individuals without manifest coronary disease we quantified coronary blood flow at rest, following adenosine vasodilator stress and during the cold pressor test in healthy young smokers. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified by oxygen-15 labelled water positron emission tomography in 30 healthy men aged from 20 to 35 years (18 smokers and 12 non-smokers, aged 27.4 +/- 4.4 vs 26.3 +/- 3.3). The smokers had been smoking cigarettes for 9.4 +/- 4.9 pack-years. MBF was measured at rest, during intravenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP: 0.16 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) infusion (hyperaemic response), and during cold pressor test (CPT) (endothelial vasodilator response). Rest MBF and hyperaemic MBF did not differ significantly between the smokers and the non-smokers (rest: 0.86 +/- 0.11 vs 0.92 +/- 0.14 and ATP: 3.20 +/- 1.12 vs 3.69 +/- 0.76 ml g(-1) min(-1); P = NS). Coronary flow reserve was similar between the two groups (smokers: 3.78 +/- 1.83; non-smokers: 4.03 +/- 0.68; P = NS). Although CPT induced a similar increase in rate-pressure product (RPP) in the smokers and the non-smokers (10,430 +/- 1,820 vs 9,236 +/- 1,356 beats min(-1) mmHg(-1)), CPT MBF corrected by RPP was significantly decreased in the smokers (0.65 +/- 0.12 ml g(-1) min(-1)) compared with the non-smokers (0.87 +/- 0.12 ml g(-1) min(-1)) ( P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of CPT MBF to resting MBF was inversely correlated with pack-years ( r = -0.57, P = 0.014). Endothelium-dependent coronary artery vasodilator function is impaired in apparently healthy young smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-Ku, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwado
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuyama
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noriyasu
authors.forename: Chietsugu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuge
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Nagara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate