title: The risk of obesity and the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor: effect modification by age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between the risk of obesity and the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted. The case series encompassed 159 subjects with a body mass index >30 kg/m(2) (obesity) and no other major diseases except for type 2 diabetes, and the controls were 154 healthy subjects with a body mass index <25 kg/m(2). 313 Spanish subjects between 20 and 60 years of age were screened for the Trp64Arg mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the Trp64Arg mutation was similar among cases (19.5%) and control subjects (16.2%). The association between the risk of obesity and the Trp64Arg mutation was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. A higher odds ratio of 3.84 (95% CI 1.33-11.12) for the mutation was found among younger individuals (20-35 years), while no increased risk was apparent among older participants (35-60 years). Moreover, when the model was adjusted for gender, age, and leisure-time physical activity, the product-term for interaction (effect modification) between age and the presence of the Trp64Arg mutation was statistically significant (likelihood ratio test p = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals aged 20-35 years who are Trp64Arg carriers had a substantially higher risk of developing obesity, independent of their sex or leisure-time physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Corbalán
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forga
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gonzalez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D013030:Spain; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D014364:Tryptophan; D001120:Arginine