title: Yeast cells lacking the ARV1 gene harbor defects in sphingolipid metabolism. Complementation by human ARV1.
abstract: arv1Delta mutant cells have an altered sterol distribution within cell membranes (Tinkelenberg, A.H., Liu, Y., Alcantara, F., Khan, S., Guo, Z., Bard, M., and Sturley, S. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 40667-40670), and thus it has been suggested that Arv1p may be involved in the trafficking of sterol in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and also in humans. Here we present data showing that arv1Delta mutants also harbor defects in sphingolipid metabolism. [(3)H]inositol and [(3)H]dihydrosphingosine radiolabeling studies demonstrated that mutant cells had reduced rates of biosynthesis and lower steady-state levels of complex sphingolipids while accumulating certain hydroxylated ceramide species. Phospholipid radiolabeling studies showed that arv1Delta cells harbored defects in the rates of biosynthesis and steady-state levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylglycerol. Neutral lipid radiolabeling studies indicated that the rate of biosynthesis and steady-state levels of sterol ester were increased in arv1Delta cells. Moreover, these same studies demonstrated that arv1Delta cells had decreased rates of biosynthesis and steady-state levels of total fatty acid and fatty acid alcohols. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses examining different fatty acid species showed that arv1Delta cells had decreased levels of C18:1 fatty acid. Additional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses determining the levels of various molecular sterol species in arv1Delta cells showed that mutant cells accumulated early sterol intermediates. Using fluorescence microscopy we found that GFP-Arv1p localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Interestingly, the heterologous expression of the human ARV1 cDNA suppressed the sphingolipid metabolic defects of arv1Delta cells. We hypothesize that in eukaryotic cells, Arv1p functions in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway perhaps as a transporter of ceramides between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stukey
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germann
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sturley
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Nickels
mesh_terms: D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C467736:ARV1 protein, S cerevisiae; D002518:Ceramides; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013107:Sphingolipids; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007294:Inositol; C012491:phytosphingosine; D013110:Sphingosine; C005682:safingol