title: Hyperglycemia attenuates erythromycin-induced acceleration of solid-phase gastric emptying in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute hyperglycemia has been associated with delayed gastric emptying of solid foods in healthy control subjects. Erythromycin has been found to be a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent in humans. We examined whether acute steady-state hyperglycemia reduces the erythromycin-induced acceleration of gastric emptying of a solid meal after a fasted state in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy subjects ate standard solid meals that had been radiolabeled. Gastric emptying was measured by scintigraphy during normoglycemia (5-8.9 mmol/L glucose) and hyperglycemia induced by intravenous glucose (16-19 mmol/L glucose) after administration of placebo or 200 mg of erythromycin intravenously. Emptying was measured randomly on 4 different days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of erythromycin during normoglycemia or induced hyperglycemia compared with placebo accelerated the gastric emptying of the solid meal but did not completely normalize the delay caused by hyperglycemia versus normoglycemia (p < 0.001). In both conditions, erythromycin versus placebo significantly reduced the lag-phase duration (9.7 +/- 2.3 min and 22.0 +/- 3.9 min vs. 38.3 +/- 5.7 min and 49.5 +/- 6.0 min, respectively; p < 0.001), gastric emptying of the half meal (39.2 +/- 4.0 min and 52.0 +/- 7.1 min vs. 75.7 +/- 11.8 min and 94.0 +/- 13.4 min, respectively; p < 0.001), and the percentage of meal retained in the stomach 120 min postprandially (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The erythromycin-induced acceleration effect on gastric emptying was related to the plasma glucose level. Hyperglycemia might have chosen a cholinergic antagonist pathway that delayed gastric emptying of solids. Even though induced hyperglycemia inhibited gastric emptying, erythromycin accelerated the gastric emptying rate through two distinct pathways: cholinergic and noncholinergic.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Crete, University General Hospital, GR 71110, Herakleion Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Petrakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kogerakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vrachassotakis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stiakakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zacharioudakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chalkiadakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D004917:Erythromycin