title: Plasmodium: assessment of the antimalarial potential of trifluralin and related compounds using a rat model of malaria, Rattus norvegicus.
abstract: A rodent model of malaria, Plasmodium berghei was used to assess the antimalarial potential of dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifluralin, pendimethalin, oryzalin, and benfluralin were all active against P. berghei in vitro at, or close to, submicromolar concentrations, with a rank order of potency similar to that against other protozoa. The dinitroanilines did not elicit a cytotoxic effect against a mammalian cell line at concentrations 100-fold higher than those for activity against P. berghei. Neither trifluralin nor oryzalin exhibited any antimalarial activity in vivo after oral administration at the maximum dose tolerated by the host. In a pharmacokinetic study, it was found that the lack of in vivo antimalarial activity was due to poor absorption. Other DNs which have better absorption characteristics than either trifluralin or oryzalin may offer more scope for antimalarial activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Control of Disease, Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boddy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itenge
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: R C A
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reynoldson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D014274:Trifluralin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D013424:Sulfanilamides; C012465:oryzalin; D002738:Chloroquine; D014274:Trifluralin