title: A comparison of two methods of formant frequency estimation for high-pitched voices.
abstract: This study sought to compare formant frequencies estimated from natural phonation to those estimated using two methods of artificial laryngeal stimulation: (1) stimulation of the vocal tract using an artificial larynx placed on the neck and (2) stimulation of the vocal tract using an artificial larynx with an attached tube placed in the oral cavity. Twenty males between the ages of 18 and 45 performed the following three tasks on the vowels /a/ and /i/: (1) 4 seconds of sustained vowel, (2) 2 seconds of sustained vowel followed by 2 seconds of artificial phonation via a neck placement, and (3) 4 seconds of sustained vowel, the last two of which were accompanied by artificial phonation via an oral placement. Frequencies for formants 1-4 were measured for each task at second 1 and second 3 using linear predictive coding. These measures were compared across second 1 and second 3, as well as across all three tasks. Neither of the methods of artificial laryngeal stimulation tested in this study yielded formant frequency estimates that consistently agreed with those obtained from natural phonation for both vowels and all formants. However, when estimating mean formant frequency data for samples of large N, each of the methods agreed with mean estimations obtained from natural phonation for specific vowels and formants. The greatest agreement was found for a neck placement of the artificial larynx on the vowel /a/.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA. merickso@utk.edu
authors.forename: Molly L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: D'Alfonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010700:Phonetics; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D014833:Voice Quality