title: Rac activation upon cell-cell contact formation is dependent on signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor.
abstract: Cadherins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell adhesion. They play an essential role in embryonic development and maintenance of tissue architecture. The Rho family small GTPases regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics in different cell types. The function of two family members, Rho and Rac, is required for the stability of cadherins at cell-cell contacts. Consistent with the published data we have found that Rac is activated upon induction of intercellular adhesion in epithelial cells. This activation is dependent on functional cadherins (Nakagawa, M., Fukata, M., Yamaga, M., Itoh, N., and Kaibuchi, K. (2001) J. Cell Sci. 114, 1829-1838; Noren, N. K., Niessen, C. M., Gumbiner, B. M., and Burridge, K. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 3305-3308). Here we show for the first time that clustering of cadherins using antibody-coated beads is sufficient to promote Rac activation. In the presence of Latrunculin B, Rac can be partially activated by antibody-clustered cadherins. These results suggest that actin polymerization is not required for initial Rac activation. Contrary to what has been described before, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases are not involved in Rac activation following cell-cell adhesion in keratinocytes. Interestingly, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling efficiently blocks the increased Rac-GTP levels observed after contact formation. We conclude that cadherin-dependent adhesion can activate Rac via epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betson
authors.forename: Encarnación
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Juankun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Vania M M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Braga
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D013997:Time Factors; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins