title: Altered cognitive function in men treated for prostate cancer with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues and cyproterone acetate: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the first systematic investigation of the cognitive effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues in male patients, as LHRH analogues have been associated with memory impairments in women using these drugs for gynaecological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two men with extraprostatic prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive either continuous leuprorelin, goserelin (both LHRH analogues), cyproterone acetate (a steroidal antiandrogen) or close clinical monitoring. These patients underwent cognitive assessments at baseline and before starting treatment (77), and then 6 months later (65).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the baseline assessments, men receiving androgen suppression monotherapy performed worse in two of 12 tests of attention and memory; 24 of 50 men randomized to active treatment and assessed 6 months later had a clinically significant decline in one or more cognitive tests but not one patient randomized to close monitoring showed a decline in any test performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacological androgen suppression monotherapy for prostate cancer may be associated with impaired memory, attention and executive functions.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Department of Surgery, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pakenham
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Headley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yaxley
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Mactaggart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gardiner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017273:Goserelin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017273:Goserelin; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D016729:Leuprolide