title: The dynamic development of the muzzle imprint by contact gunshot: high-speed documentation utilizing the "skin-skull-brain model".
abstract: Many contact gunshots produce a muzzle imprint in the skin of the victim. Different mechanisms have been discussed in literature as being responsible for the creation of the muzzle imprint. Experimenting upon the synthetic non biological skin-skull-brain model, our goal was to document and study the creation of the muzzle imprint with the aid of high-speed photography. In our experiments, we could document with our high-speed photography (at exposure rates in the range of nanoseconds) the bulging, the pressing against the muzzle, and the splitting of the artificial skin. Furthermore, it was possible to photographically record the back pattern of synthetic tissue particles. And, the soot and gunpowder cavity could be reproduced experimentally. In conclusion the experiments completed with the skin-skull-brain model, using high-speed photography for documentation, show the promising possibilities of experimental ballistics with body models.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Berne, Buehlstrasse 20, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland. thali@irm.unibe.ch
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thali
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kneubuehl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dirnhofer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zollinger
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005389:Firearms; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*