title: Chemotaxis of human tonsil B lymphocytes to CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR2 and CCR4 ligands is restricted to non-germinal center cells.
abstract: We have investigated the effects of nine CC chemokines, i.e. macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha/CCL3, MIP-1beta/CCL4, MIP-3alpha/CCL20, MIP-5/CCL15, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7, eotaxin/CCL11 and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22 on the locomotion of human tonsil B lymphocytes and their subsets. Upon isolation, B cells were poorly responsive, but, following short-term culture, they displayed statistically significant chemotactic responses (P < 0.001) to MIP-1alpha, MIP-5, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MDC. CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 to CCR6 were up-regulated after culture. MIP-1beta, MIP-3alpha and eotaxin did not stimulate B cell migration. Scattered information is available on B cell subset responses to chemokines. Therefore, we investigated the effects of MIP-1alpha, MIP-5, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MDC on the in vitro locomotion of non-germinal center (GC) (CD38(-)) and GC (CD38(+)) B cells. All chemokines enhanced significantly (P < 0.001) the migration of the former, but not of the latter, cells. CCR1, CCR2 and CCR4 were detected by flow cytometry on non-GC (i.e. naive and memory) B cells, whereas they were absent (CCR1 and CCR2) or poorly expressed (CCR4) on GC B cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy. annacorcione@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corcione
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortolina
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonecchi
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Battilana
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taborelli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malavasi
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sozzani
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ottonello
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dallegri
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pistoia
mesh_terms: D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C515300:CCR1 protein, human; C515334:CCR2 protein, human; C515354:CCR4 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine