Excitotoxicity in glial cells.
Excitotoxicity results from prolonged activation of glutamate receptors expressed by cells in the central nervous system (CNS). This cell death mechanism was first discovered in retinal ganglion cells and subsequently in brain neurons. In addition, it has been recently observed that CNS glial cells can also undergo excitotoxicity. Among them, oligodendrocytes are highly vulnerable to glutamate signals and alterations in glutamate homeostasis may contribute to demyelinating disorders. We review here the available information on excitotoxity in CNS glial cells and its putative relevance to glio-pathologies.
Matute
Carlos
C
Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940-Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain. onpmaalc@lg.ehu.es
Alberdi
Elena
E
Ibarretxe
Gaskon
G
Sánchez-Gómez
María Victoria
MV
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology*
D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium