title: Role and limitation of FMPSPGR dynamic contrast scanning in the follow-up of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by TACE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role and limitation of fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled (FMPSPGR) MR dynamic contrast scanning in the follow-up of patients with HCC treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with 24 HCC lesions confirmed by biopsy or surgical resection underwent MR imaging in 4-9wks after TACE with a superconducting 1.5 T MR scanner, including SE T(1)WI, T(2)WI and FMPSPGR dynamic contrast scanning. The signal intensities of all lesions on SE T(1)WI,T(2)WI and the enhancement patterns on FMPSPGR dynamic contrast scanning were observed, and the comparison was made between MRI findings and pathological results in all the cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 24 lesions, the signal intensities were various on SE T(1)WI and T(2)WI. On T(1)WI, 13 lesions appeared as hyperintense, 4 lesions were isointense and the other 7 lesions were hypointensese. Histologically, hyperintense lesions showed on T(1)WI were viable tumor or hemorrhage; isointensities were coagulative necrosis or inflammatory infiltration; hypointensities were tumor, liquified necrosis, coagulative necrosis or inflammatory infiltration. On T(2)WI, 15 lesions appeared as hyperintense, 3 lesions were isointense and the other 6 lesions were hypointensese. Hyperintense lesions showed on T(2)WI were residuals of viable tumor, hemorrhage, liquefied necrosis or inflammatory infiltration; isointense lesions were residuals of viable tumor or inflammatory infiltration; hypointense lesions were coagulative necrosis. On FMPSPGR dynamic contrast scanning, 18 of the 24 lesions enhanced on early-phase dynamic scanning corresponding to residuals of viable tumor and the other 6 lesions had no enhancement at this phase because complete necrosis were seen in the histologic examination. On delayed-phase dynamic scanning, 6 lesions had permanent enhancement appeared as inhomogeneous hyperintensity and both residuals of viable tumor and inflammatory infiltration were found by histologic examination. 18 lesions were hypointense at this phase and 8 of them coexisted with peripheral ring-like enhancement of the lesions resulting from viable tumors or inflammatory infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FMPSPGR MR dynamic contrast scanning can reflect the pathologic changes of HCC treated by TACE. Especially, early-phase dynamic scanning can evaluate accurately residuals of viable tumor and necrosis in HCC lesions. FMPSPGR dynamic contrast scanning is useful in the follow-up of patients with HCC treated by TACE combined with SE T(1)WI and T(2)WI, but it is difficult to differentiate peripheral viable tumors from inflammatory infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road,Shanghai 200032, China. yanfuhua@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fu-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Kang-Rong
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jie-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Reng-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Da
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009336:Necrosis