title: Diverse biological activities of fermented pine seed shell extract.
abstract: Intraperitoneal administration of fermented pine seed shell extract (PSSE) (up to 2 g/kg) induced no apparent acute toxicity to mice. Pretreatment of mice with PSSE protected them from the lethality of Escherichia coli infection. PSSE showed a very weak cytotoxic activity against both normal and tumor cells and no anti-HIV activity, but stimulated the mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline. ESR spectroscopy showed that PSSE produced no detectable radicals, but effectively scavenged O2- (generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction), hydroxyl radical (generated by the Fenton reaction) and NO (generated by NOC-7). Comparison of PSSE with other natural products, such as polyphenols and vitamins, further confirmed the close association between radical intensity and radical scavenging activity, suggesting the bimodal action of natural products. Although the biological activities of PSSE were relatively lower than those of other natural products, the present study suggests the possible medicinal efficacy of PSSE.
authors.affiliation: Fujimi Bee House, Shiki, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Senwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unten
authors.forename: Hanzo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Kiminobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Fumika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakagami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014197:Trees / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts