title: Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri-implantitis.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterise microbiota and inflammatory host response around implants and teeth in patients with peri-implantitis. We included 17 partly edentulous patients with a total of 98 implants, of which 45 showed marginal bone loss of more than three fixture threads after the first year of loading. Nineteen subjects with stable marginal tissue conditions served as controls. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and probing pocket depth were evaluated clinically at teeth and implants. Microbiological and crevicular fluid samples were collected from five categories of sites: 1) implants with peri-implantitis (PI), 2) stable implants (SI) in patients with both stable and peri-implantitis implants, 3) control implants (CI) in patients with stable implants alone, 4) teeth in patients (TP) and 5) controls (TC). Crevicular fluid from teeth and implants was analysed for elastase activity, lactoferrin and IL-1 beta concentrations. Elastase activity was higher at PI than at CI in controls. Lactoferrin concentration was higher at PI than at SI in patients with peri-implantitis. Higher levels of both lactoferrin and elastase activity were found at PI than at teeth in patients. The concentrations of IL-1 beta were about the same in the various sites. Microbiological DNA-probe analysis revealed a putative periodontal microflora at teeth and implants in patients and controls. Patients with peri-implantitis harboured high levels of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus and Treponema denticola. These findings indicate a site-specific inflammation rather than a patient-associated specific host response.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Huddinge, Sweden. Margareta.Hultin@oka.ki.se
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hultin
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Hadar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallström
authors.forename: L-A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekfeldt
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klinge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014208:Treponema / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007781:Lactoferrin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase