title: Antagonistic regulation of flowering-time gene SOC1 by CONSTANS and FLC via separate promoter motifs.
abstract: Flowering in Arabidopsis is controlled by endogenous and environmental signals relayed by distinct genetic pathways. The MADS-box flowering-time gene SOC1 is regulated by several pathways and is proposed to co-ordinate responses to environmental signals. SOC1 is directly activated by CONSTANS (CO) in long photoperiods and is repressed by FLC, a component of the vernalization (low-temperature) pathway. We show that in transgenic plants overexpressing CO and FLC, these proteins regulate flowering time antagonistically and FLC blocks transcriptional activation of SOC1 by CO. A series of SOC1::GUS reporter genes identified a 351 bp promoter sequence that mediates activation by CO and repression by FLC. A CArG box (MADS-domain protein binding element) within this sequence was recognized specifically by FLC in vitro and mediated repression by FLC in vivo, suggesting that FLC binds directly to the SOC1 promoter. We propose that CO is recruited to a separate promoter element by a DNA-binding factor and that activation by CO is impaired when FLC is bound to an adjacent CArG motif.
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Shelley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hepworth
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ravenscroft
authors.forename: Aidyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouradov
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coupland
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018744:DNA, Plant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C419046:AGL20 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C092776:CONSTANS protein, Arabidopsis; D018744:DNA, Plant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C418902:At5g10140 protein, Arabidopsis; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014157:Transcription Factors