title: Environmental agents as cause of health disorders in children presented at an outpatient unit of environmental medicine.
abstract: There are no publications on the frequency of environmental agents causing diseases in children presented at centers of environmental medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a statistical analysis of the data of children who visited the outpatient Unit of Environmental Medicine (UEM) at the University Hospital of Aachen, Germany. Data of all UEM patient files from January 1988 to September 1996 were evaluated. From a total of 682 patients, 75 were children (40 girls, 35 boys, age range 1-12 years). Forty-six children were presented with unspecific health disorders, 12 to examine a possible relationship between environmental agents and a current condition, mostly atopy (n = 10). Complaints were mucosal irritations (n = 38), unspecific (n = 19), dermatological (n = 16), gastrointestinal (n = 4), heart/circulation-related (n = 2), musculoskeletal (n = 1) and neurological (n = 1) symptoms. Wood preservatives were mentioned as suspected environmental causative agents in 22 cases, followed by unspecific indoor factors (n = 15), factories/disposal sites near homes (n = 9), formaldehyde (n = 5) and unspecific exposures (n = 5). Biomonitoring was done in 44 cases, local inspections and ambient monitoring in 10 cases. No evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship was found in 55 children, but was deemed possible in nine cases. In nine other children, a relatively high degree of exposure was determined by chemical analysis, but clinical relevance remained unclear. One child suffered from subclinical mercury poisoning caused by inadequate homeopathic medication. In most children referred to an environmental medicine center, it is difficult or impossible to verify an environmental cause using the diagnostic instruments currently available.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. GA.Wiesmueller@post.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Gerhard Andreas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wiesmüller
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weishoff-Houben
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brölsch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dott
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulze-Röbbecke
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000009:adverse effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014839:Vomiting / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005557:Formaldehyde; D010416:Pentachlorophenol