title: The role of esophageal motility and hiatal hernia in esophageal exposure to acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is multifactorial. This study evaluates the relationship between esophageal exposure to acid, the presence or absence of a hiatal hernia, and manometric indicators of esophageal motility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 patients with foregut symptoms were evaluated with upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy, 24-h pH testing, and esophageal manometry. The DeMeester score was used to distinguish patients with physiologic reflux (DeMeester score <14.72) patients with pathologic reflux (DeMeester score >14.72).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with physiologic reflux had fewer hypotensive contractions and a smaller percentage of uncoordinated and hypotensive contractions combined, as compared to patients with pathologic reflux. The amplitude of distal esophageal contractions was greater in patients with physiologic reflux. Also, patients with a hiatal hernia had a higher incidence of pathologic reflux, regardless of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with pathologic reflux have abnormal acid exposure associated with pump failure of the esophagus and/or a mechanical defect of the cardia associated with a hiatal hernia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lincoln County Memorial Center, 1000E Cherry Street, Troy, MO 63379, USA. lxenos@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Xenos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged