title: Endoscopy via a gastric cannula to monitor the development of ulcers in the pars esophagea in pigs after consumption of a finely ground feed combined with a period of withholding of feed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an endoscopic technique for use in monitoring devlopment of gastric ulcers via a gastric cannula during withholding of feed and administration of a finely ground diet to pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 pigs weighing between 60 and 70 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A gastric cannula was surgically inserted adjacent to the pars esophagea in each pig. Pigs were fed a finely ground diet for two 7-day periods that were separated by a 48-hour period during which feed was withheld. Endoscopic examination via the gastric cannula was used to monitor development of ulcers in the pars esophageal region of the pigs during the 48-hour period of feed withhold and subsequent 7-day feeding period. An ulcer score was assigned during each endoscopic examination. A final examination was performed during necropsy and compared with results for the final endoscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of a finely ground diet for 7 days resulted in progressive erosive damage to the pars esophageal region of the stomach. Further significant increases in ulcerative damage were detected after 24 and 48 hours of withholding of feed. Final examination during necropsy did not reveal significant differences from results obtained during the final endoscopic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic examination via a gastric cannula was an effective means of monitoring ulcer development in the pars esophagea of pigs. Feeding a finely ground diet and withholding of feed induced endoscopically observable ulcers in the stratified squamous epithelial region of the stomach. Direct visual examination during necropsy confirmed the accuracy of endoscopic examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Jody L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gookin
authors.forename: J'mai M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gayle
authors.forename: Joan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Eisemann
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Argenzio
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Blikslager
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology