title: Synthesis and biological activities of cyclic lanthionine enkephalin analogues: delta-opioid receptor selective ligands.
abstract: The synthesis and biological test results of a series of enkephalin analogues incorporating the lanthionine modification are presented. The syntheses of four monosulfide-bridged analogues of enkephalins, Tyr-c[D-Ala(L)-Gly-Phe-D-Ala(L)]-OH (1a), Tyr-c[D-Val(L)-Gly-Phe-D-Ala(L)]-OH (1b), Tyr-c[D-Ala(L)-Gly-Phe-Ala(L)]-OH (1c), and Tyr-c[D-Val(L)-Gly-Phe-Ala(L)]-OH (1d), where Ala(L) and Val(L) denote the lanthionine amino acid ends linked by a monosulfide bridge to form the lanthionine structure, were successfully carried out via preparation of the linear peptide on solid support and cyclization in solution. In vitro binding assays against mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors and in vitro tests using GPI and MVD assays revealed that the dimethyl lanthionine analogues 1b and 1d, denoted as D-Val(L) in position 2, show substantial selectivity toward the delta-opioid receptor, while the unsubstituted analogues 1a and 1c, denoted as D-Ala(L) in position 2, bind to both mu- and delta-opioid receptors. The in vivo thermal escape assay by intrathecal administration showed that the analogues 1b and 1d are among the most potent ligands at producing antinociception through the delta-opioid receptor. The picomolar potencies of analogues 1a and 1c in the intrathecal (it.) assay strongly indicate that mu- and delta-opioid receptors interact synergistically to modulate the antinociceptive responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, USA.
authors.forename: Yosup
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rew
authors.forename: Shelle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malkmus
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Tony L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yaksh
authors.forename: Nga N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DeHaven
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Taulane
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides; D013552:Swine; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004745:Enkephalins; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D013440:Sulfides; C001520:lanthionine; D000409:Alanine