title: Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loss or mutation of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) has been found in breast cancer. However, whether or not decreased levels of functional M6P/IGF2R directly contribute to the process of carcinogenesis needs to be further verified by functional studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, using viral and ribozyme strategies we reduced the expression of M6P/IGF2R in human breast cancer cells and then examined the effect on growth and apoptosis of these cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that infection of MCF-7 cells with the adenovirus carrying a ribozyme targeted against the M6P/IGF2R mRNA dramatically reduced the level of transcripts and the functional activity of M6P/IGF2R in these cells. Accordingly, cells treated with a ribozyme exhibited a higher growth rate and a lower apoptotic index than control cells (infected with a control vector). Furthermore, decreased expression of M6P/IGF2R enhanced IGF-II-induced proliferation and reduced cell susceptibility to TNF-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that M6P/IGF2R functions as a growth suppressor and its loss or mutation may contribute to development and progression of cancer. This study also demonstrates that adenoviral delivery of the ribozyme provides a useful tool for investigating the role of M6P/IGF2R in regulation of cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. j8018@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yinlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Jing X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II