title: Directly observed therapy (DOT) is not the entire answer: an operational cohort analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center-Lattimore Clinic, a TB Clinic for an inner city population of Newark, New Jersey, USA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Directly observed therapy (DOT) is the recommended standard of TB care. Recent reports suggest that DOT may not be any better than self-administered therapy (SAT). To quantify the impact of different levels of SAT, DOT, and active case management on outcomes of TB treatment at our location, we reviewed the outcomes of six TB patient-cohorts from Newark between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of the outcomes of 343 tuberculosis patients treated during the years 1994-1996. The three treatment strategies were 1) self-administered with occasional selective directly observed therapy, 2) universal directly observed therapy alone (universal DOT), and 3) universal DOT with nurse case management (NCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first two cohorts who began treatment during the transition may have received more than one treatment strategy. However, universal DOT did not significantly improve the TB treatment completion rates of Cohort 2 over SAT therapy with selective DOT given to Cohort 1. Universal DOT with NCM, Cohorts 3, 4, 5, and 6, significantly increased the TB treatment completion rates by three to six times. A cohort-specific step-wise reduction in duration of treatment from a median of 11.6-7.5 months and an increase in completion rates from 57-81% resulted. The most desirable and optimal (shortest) duration of treatment completion coincided with the application of universal DOT combined with NCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07101-1709, USA. mangurbt@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mangura
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passannante
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarrel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Galanowsky
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reichman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019090:Case Management; D015331:Cohort Studies; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009515:New Jersey; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012646:Self Administration; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents