title: Needlescopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping for craniofacial hyperhidrosis: an analysis of 28 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy of the lower part of the stellate ganglion is an efficient method for the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis, but postoperative compensatory sweating may be troublesome in some patients. Needlescopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping may achieve a similar effect as well as providing a possible reverse operation for patients who suffer from intolerable postoperative compensatory sweating.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1998 and June 2000, we collected a total of 28 patients with craniofacial hyperhidrosis. There were 15 men and 13 women with a mean age of 39.2 years (ranges, 19-50). All patients were placed under single-lumen intubated anesthesia in a semisitting position. Two ports were needed. We used a 2-mm 0 degrees thoracoscope and endo clips to perform a sympathetic block by clipping the lower third of the stellate ganglion at the second intercostal space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation was usually accomplished within 20 min (ranges, 15-30). All patients were discharged within 4 h after the operation. There were no surgical complications or surgical mortality cases. All patients achieved improvement of craniofacial hyperhidrosis without recurrent symptoms after a mean of 25.3 months (range, 12-41) of follow-up. Twenty-five patients (85.7%) developed compensatory sweating of the trunk and lower limbs. One of these patients could not tolerate this postoperative sweating; he therefore underwent a reverse operation and obtained improvement of the compensatory sweating 18 days after removal of the endo clips.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Needlescopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping is a safe and effective method for the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis; compensatory sweating may be improved after a reverse operation and removal of the endo clips.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 135 Nanh-siao Street, Changhua City, Taiwan, Republic of China. lin8065@ms14.hinet.net
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006257:Head / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D013233:Stellate Ganglion / Q000601:surgery; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013900:Thoracic Nerves / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors