title: Fully integrated on-chip electrochemical detection for capillary electrophoresis in a microfabricated device.
abstract: Microfabricated lab-on-a-chip devices employing a fully integrated electrochemical (EC) detection system have been developed and evaluated. Both capillary electrophoresis (CE) channels and all CE/EC electrodes were incorporated directly onto glass substrates via traditional microfabrication techniques, including photolithographic patterning, wet chemical etching, DC sputtering, and thermal wafer bonding. Unlike analogous CE/EC devices previously reported, no external electrodes were required, and critical electrode characteristics, including size, shape, and placement on the microchip, were established absolutely by the photolithography process. For the model analytes dopamine and catechol, detection limits in the 4-5 microM range (approximately 200 amol injected) were obtained with the Pt EC electrodes employed here, and devices gave stable analytical performance over months of usage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA. rick.baldwin@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Crain
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bathlagunda
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Jayadeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gullapalli
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Naber
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Keynton
mesh_terms: D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; C034221:catechol; D004298:Dopamine