title: The hatching of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) embryos in response to exposure to different concentrations of cryoprotectant at low temperatures.
abstract: The hatching performance of embryos of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was examined after 1, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days of storage at -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, or 4 degrees C with different concentrations of methanol (0.5-7.0 M in 0.5 M steps) or varying concentrations of methanol in 0.1 M sucrose or trehalose. Preserved embryos failed to hatch after storage at -8 and -6 degrees C, regardless of the duration of storage or the concentrations tested. Likewise, there was no hatching out above 5.0 M concentration of methanol, even with the addition of sucrose or trehalose. After storage at 2 or 4 degrees C, the hatching rate was higher with mixtures of methanol (1.5 M) and trehalose (0.1 M) than with methanol plus sucrose or methanol alone. At 4 degrees C, the solution containing 1.5 M methanol supplemented with trehalose gave the highest hatching response of embryos stored for 14 days. Comparison of hatching after 24h of storage at the effective temperatures (-4, -2, 0, 2, and 4 degrees C) revealed that low concentrations of methanol were effective at high temperatures and high concentrations at sub-zero temperatures. The combination of 0.1 M trehalose with 1.5 M methanol gave the highest percentage hatching out both at 4 and 2 degrees C. At 0 degrees C, the highest percentage hatching occurred with 0.1 M trehalose plus 2.5 M methanol and at -2 and 4 degrees C, the best results were with 0.1 M trehalose plus 3.0 M methanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Aquaculture Research Unit, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ahammad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002347:Carps / Q000196:embryology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005398:Fisheries; D000432:Methanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014199:Trehalose / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D014199:Trehalose; D000432:Methanol