title: Clinical competence assessment in nursing: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of clinical competence has returned to centre stage of nurse education. However, there is little evidence to support the use of clinical competence and a wide variety of methods for its use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the evidence for the use of clinical competence assessment in nursing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review using systematic methods of literature pertaining to clinical competence in nursing was conducted using defined dates, databases and search terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is still considerable confusion about the definition of clinical competence and most of the methods in use to define or measure competence have not been developed systematically and issues of reliability and validity have barely been addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment of clinical competence remains almost universally accepted in the nurse education literature as a laudable pursuit yet there are aspects of it that remain at odds with the higher education of nurses.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Social Work Work and Applied Health Sciencs, University of Hull, Hull, UK. r.watson@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stimpson
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topping
authors.forename: Davina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porock
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004506:Education, Nursing; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D015399:Nursing Research