title: Inhibition of bovine phenol sulfotransferase (bSULT1A1) by CoA thioesters. Evidence for positive cooperativity and inhibition by interaction with both the nucleotide and phenol binding sites.
abstract: Previous work with the bovine phenol sulfotransferase (bSULT1A1, EC ) demonstrated inhibition by CoA that was competitive with respect to the sulfuryl donor substrate, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) (Leach, M., Cameron, E., Fite, N., Stassinopoulos, J., Palmreuter, N., and Beckmann, J. D. (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261, 815-819). Here we report that long chain acyl-CoAs are more potent inhibitors of bSULT1A1 and also of human dopamine sulfotransferase (SULT1A3) when compared with unesterified CoA and short chain-length acyl-CoAs. A complex pattern of inhibition was revealed by systematic variation of palmitoyl-CoA, PAPS, and 7-hydroxycoumarin, the acceptor substrate. Convex plots of apparent K(m)/V(max) versus [palmitoyl-CoA] were adequately modeled using an ordered rapid equilibrium scheme with PAPS as the leading substrate and by accounting for the possible binding of two equivalents of inhibitor to the dimeric enzyme. Interestingly, the first K(i) of 2-3 microm was followed by a second K(i) of only 0.01-0.05 microm, suggesting that positive subunit cooperativity enhances binding of long chain acyl-CoAs to this sulfotransferase. Simultaneous interaction of palmitoyl-CoA with both the nucleotide and phenol binding sites is suggested by two experiments. First, the acyl-CoA displaced 7-hydroxycoumarin from the highly fluorescent bSULT1A1.PAP.7-HC complex in a cooperative manner. Second, palmitoyl-CoA prevented the quenching of bSULT1A1 fluorescence observed with pentachlorophenol. Finally, titrations of bSULT1A1-pentachlorophenol complex with palmitoyl-CoA caused the return of protein fluorescence, and the binding of palmitoyl-CoA was highly cooperative (Hill constant of 1.9). Overall, these results suggest a model of sulfotransferase inhibition in which the 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphosphate moiety of CoA docks to the PAPS domain, and the acyl-pantetheine group docks to the hydrophobic phenol binding domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Alma College, Alma, Michigan 48801, USA.
authors.forename: Gregg R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tulik
authors.forename: Sundari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chodavarapu
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: Lenore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giannunzio
authors.forename: Amie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langland
authors.forename: Billie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Joe D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Beckmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002417:Cattle; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004952:Esters; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014867:Water; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; D003065:Coenzyme A