title: An immunosuppressive effect by synthetic sulfonolipids deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglycerols of sea urchin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to develop new immunosuppressive agents without clinical drawbacks. In this article, we reveal the possibility of a chemically synthetic sulfonolipid that acts as a novel immunosuppressive drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the immunosuppressive effect of 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol (beta-SQDG) that contains a saturated C18 fatty acid, which is designated as beta-SQDG(18:0) by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and rat allogeneic skin graft. Then, we investigated the mechanism of immunosuppressive effect of beta-SQDG(18:0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta-SQDG(18:0) inhibited human MLR in a dose-dependent manner without overt cytotoxic effect and prolonged rat skin allograft rejection in vivo. beta-SQDG(18:0) did not inhibit the direct activation of responder T. This reagent could not affect the expression of either major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules on the cell surface of the stimulator cells, antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, beta-SQDG(18:0) was demonstrated to inhibit the binding among allogeneic lymphocytes. However, the expression of known cell surface accessory and adhesion molecules, such as CD4, CD28, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and CTLA-4, was not affected by beta-SQDG(18:0) treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  beta-SQDG(18:0) might be a new class of the immunosuppressive reagent, and the inhibition of responder T-lymphocyte activation in MLR by beta-SQDG(18:0) may be responsible for certain three-dimensional structures of this reagent or its quinovose binding to sulfonic acid.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Departments of Pathology and Chemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: nsatou@sapmed.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroeki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanashima
authors.forename: Takeyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Shunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizushina
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shinsei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasa
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jimbow
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000737:chemistry*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008055:Lipids; C015518:sulfolipids