title: Effect of parecoxib, a novel intravenous cyclooxygenase type-2 inhibitor, on the postoperative opioid requirement and quality of pain control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analgesic efficacy and side effect profile of intravenous parecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, was assessed in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving patients undergoing major gynecologic surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Institutional Review Board approval, 60 consenting women, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III, undergoing lower abdominal surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly assigned to receive one of three study medications: group 1 (control) received normal saline; group 2 received intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg; and group 3 received intravenous parecoxib, 40 mg. The initial dose of study medication was administered when the patient first requested pain medication after surgery. All patients had access to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine, 1 or 2 mg, with a 6-min lockout period. Subsequent doses of the same study medication were administered at 12-h and 24-h intervals after the initial dose. The postoperative opioid analgesic requirement (PCA morphine usage), pain scores, pain relief scores, side effects, and need for supplemental medications (e.g., antiemetics, antipruritics, laxatives) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with saline, intravenous parecoxib, 20 mg and 40 mg every 12 h, significantly decreased the PCA morphine usage during the first 6 h postoperatively (group 1, 25 +/- 13 mg; group 2, 16 +/- 11 mg; group 3, 17 +/- 10 mg) and at 12 h (group 1, 34 +/- 18 mg; group 2, 24 +/- 14 mg; group 3, 23 +/- 13 mg) and 24 h (group 1, 51 +/- 27 mg; group 2, 34 +/- 20 mg; group 3, 33 +/- 21 mg) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the patients' global evaluation of the study medications at 12 h and 24 h between those who received intravenous parecoxib (20 or 40 mg) and saline. Moreover, the postoperative pain scores and side effect profiles were similar in the three treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous parecoxib (20 or 40 mg) was effective in decreasing the PCA opioid requirement after lower abdominal surgical procedures. However, it failed to improve pain management or reduce opioid-related side effects in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75390-9068, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ronald H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wender
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quon
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sloninsky
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kariger
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D009020:Morphine; C409945:parecoxib