title: Carvedilol does not alter the insulin sensitivity in patients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congestive heart failure (CHF) has previously been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. A beneficial effect of the non-selective beta-blocker carvedilol has been demonstrated in patients with CHF. However, whether the drug affects the insulin sensitivity (S(i)) is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether treatment with carvedilol alters the S(i) in patients with CHF during a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were randomized to receive either carvedilol (n=29) or matched placebo (n=17). Insulin and glucose responses were measured during a 0.3 g/kg intravenous glucose tolerance test, and S(i) was calculated according to Bergman's Minimal Model. Baseline S(i) values correlated significantly with body mass index (r=-0.42, P=0.002), plasma urate (r=-0.42, P=0.002), plasma HDL-cholesterol (r=0.39, P=0.003), maximal oxygen uptake (r=0.35, P=0.009), plasma triglycerides (r=-0.34, P=0.01) and weight (r=-0.29, P=0.03). During the study the insulin sensitivity was unchanged in the carvedilol group compared with placebo (2.63+/-1.45 to 2.38+/-1.64 vs. 2.81+/-2.36 to 2.48+/-1.84x10(-4) min(-1)/mUl(-1), P=0.83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional treatment with carvedilol is neutral with regard to influence the insulin sensitivity in patients with mild to moderate CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Medicine, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansensgade 2, Denmark. jensrefsgaard@post.tele.dk
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Refsgaard
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gøtzsche
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077261:Carvedilol