title: Glial and neuronal serum markers after controlled cortical impact injury in the rat.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the time course and the correlation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein S-100B, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) serum levels to the severity of traumatic brain injury in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 65 S-100B, NSE group and n = 55 GFAP group) underwent a severe cortical impact injury (100PSI, 2 mm deformation). Blood samples were drawn directly after trauma, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post trauma as well as in sham operated animals directly after craniotomy, after 6 h and 48 h. Serum levels at different severities were estimated in 20 rats (45PSI, 75PSI, 2 mm deformation). We found a time-dependent release of NSE and GFAP into serum after trauma. The highest NSE values were detected six hours after trauma (31.5 micrograms/l, mean, p < 0.0001), the highest GFAP levels were measured one hour after trauma (0.079 microgram/l, mean, p < 0.0014). Additionally we found a close relationship between NSE serum levels and the severity of traumatic brain injury (45PSI = 12.7 micrograms/l, 75PSI = 16.17 micrograms/l, 100PSI = 28.45 micrograms/l, p < 0.05). S-100B serum levels showed an increase (0.92 microgram/l, p < 0.005) but no time-dependent release. S-100B and GFAP showed no relationship to trauma severity. Serum levels of GFAP, S-100B and NSE are significantly elevated in the early phase after experimental traumatic brain injury. In this experimental model of cortical impact injury only NSE, but not GFAP and S-100B serum levels are time-dependently correlated with the severity of cortical impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woertgen
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rothoerl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Missler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brawanski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000293:injuries*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase