title: Considerations and development of topical microbicides to inhibit the sexual transmission of HIV.
abstract: The increased incidence of HIV/AIDS disease in women aged 15 - 49 years has identified the urgent need for a female-controlled, efficacious and safe vaginal topical microbicide. To meet this challenge, new topical microbicide candidates consisting of molecules or formulations that modify the genital environment (BufferGel, engineered Lactobacillus, over-the-counter lubricants), surfactants (C31D/Savvy, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate), polyanionic polymers (PRO 2000, beta-cyclodextrin, Carraguard, CAP, D2S, SPL-7013), proteins (cyanovirin-N, monoclonal antibodies, thromspondin-1 peptides, Pokeweed antiviral protein and others), reverse transcription inhibitors (PMPA [Tenofovir ]), UC-781, SJ-3366, DABO and thiourea) and other molecules (NCp7-specific virucides, chemokine receptor agonists/antagonists, WHI-05 and WHI-07) are currently being investigated for activity, safety and efficacy. This review will assess the development of these molecules in the context of cervicovaginal defences and the clinical failure of nonoxynol-9.
authors.affiliation: TherImmune Research Corporation, Infectious Disease and Immunology Department, 18761 North Frederick Avenue, Suite A, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA. jturpin@therimmune.come
authors.forename: Jim A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turpin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017137:Nonoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D017137:Nonoxynol