Labetalol-induced hyperkalemia in renal transplant recipients.
BACKGROUND
Labetalol is a commonly used agent for perioperative hypertension in renal transplant recipients. A previous report suggested that labetalol may cause life-threatening hyperkalemia after renal transplantation.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of 103 consecutive renal transplants to determine whether labetalol was an independent predictor of hyperkalemia treatment. Thirty-eight patients (36.9%) received labetalol, and 65 patients (63.1%) had no labetalol medication.


RESULTS
Of the 103 patients, 24 (23.3%) required treatment for hyperkalemia. Thirteen (34.2%) of the patients who had labetolol medication and 11 (16.9%) of the patients who did not receive labetalol were treated for hyperkalemia (p = 0.045). Factors considered for a logistic regression model included: the use of labetalol, cold ischemia time, diabetes, and dialysis method; intake of tacrolimus, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or other antihypertensives prior to admission; the mannitol dose given intraoperatively, and the 24-hour urine output postoperatively. Intravenous labetalol (odds ratio OR = 4.52, confidence interval CI = 1.33-15.28; p = 0.02), 24- hour urine output (OR = 4.4, CI = 0.97-20.1: p = 0.47), increasing cold ischemia time (OR = 1.09, CI = 1.01-1.17; p = 0.02), and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (OR = 0.17, CI = 0.29-0.98; p = 0.036) were independent predictors.


CONCLUSIONS
Labetalol appears to increase the risk of hyperkalemia in patients after renal transplantation.
McCauley
Jerry
J
Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pa 15260, USA. jmc@med.pitt.edu
Murray
Joan
J
Jordan
Mark
M
Scantlebury
Velma
V
Vivas
Carlos
C
Shapiro
Ron
R
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007741:Labetalol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007741:Labetalol