title: Tsc tumour suppressor proteins antagonize amino-acid-TOR signalling.
abstract: Target of Rapamycin (TOR) mediates a signalling pathway that couples amino acid availability to S6 kinase (S6K) activation, translational initiation and cell growth. Here, we show that tuberous sclerosis 1 (Tsc1) and Tsc2, tumour suppressors that are responsible for the tuberous sclerosis syndrome, antagonize this amino acid-TOR signalling pathway. We show that Tsc1 and Tsc2 can physically associate with TOR and function upstream of TOR genetically. In Drosophila melanogaster and mammalian cells, loss of Tsc1 and Tsc2 results in a TOR-dependent increase of S6K activity. Furthermore, although S6K is normally inactivated in animal cells in response to amino acid starvation, loss of Tsc1-Tsc2 renders cells resistant to amino acid starvation. We propose that the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex antagonizes the TOR-mediated response to amino acid availability. Our studies identify Tsc1 and Tsc2 as regulators of the amino acid-TOR pathway and provide a new paradigm for how proteins involved in nutrient sensing function as tumour suppressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA.
authors.forename: Xinsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arrazola
authors.forename: Okio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Raymond S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Binggeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Duojia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017344:Genes, Insect; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011494:Protein Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077004:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C000624650:TSC1 protein, human; C000624653:TSC2 protein, human; C416303:target of rapamycin protein, Drosophila; C546842:MTOR protein, human