title: Soluble FLT-1 is detectable in the sera of colorectal and breast cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  VEGF is the key factor in angiogenesis which is essential for the development and progression of solid tumours. VEGF acts via two high affinity receptors: KDR and FLT-1. FLT-1 exists both in membrane-fixed and soluble forms. The soluble form is perhaps the only known natural direct antagonist of VEGF and may have a role in anti-angiogenesis therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an in-house ELISA and have assayed soluble FLT-1 in the sera of cancer patients. We assayed preoperative serum from 50 colorectal and 43 breast cancer patients, and paired serum and plasma from 20 healthy volunteers. Postoperative serum from 17 colorectal cancer patients was also assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No s FLT-1 was detected in the samples from the healthy volunteers. Soluble FLT-1 was detected in the serum of both colorectal and breast cancer patients. We did not find any correlation between s FLT-1 and stage of either cancers. There was no significant correlation between serum VEGF and s FLT-1. Serum FLT-1 was markedly decreased in the postoperative serum of patients with detectable preoperative levels and none of the receptor negative sera became positive postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that s FLT-1, a natural antagonist of VEGF, is detectable in the sera of cancer patients. Larger studies involving long term follow-up are required to determine its prognostic significance.
authors.affiliation: The University of Hull, Academic Surgical Unit, Castle Hill Hospital, East Yorkshire, UK. Kamalharish@aol.co.uk
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heer
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kerin
authors.forename: John R T
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Monson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012995:Solubility; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1