Pathogenic mechanisms of P. aeruginosa keratitis: a review of the role of T cells, Langerhans cells, PMN, and cytokines.
The aim of this article is to review our current understanding of the role of cytokines, chemokines, T cells, Langerhans cells, and neutrophils (PMN) and their interactions in vivo in the host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocular challenge. The cellular/cytokine network in vivo has begun to be unraveled, and the data discussed provide substantive evidence for a regulatory role of CD4(+) T cells (Th1 type) contributing directly to persistence of PMN in the cornea of susceptible C57BL/6 (cornea perforates) versus resistant BALB/c (cornea heals) mice. Additionally, in the susceptible mouse model, CD4(+) T cells interact with Langerhans cells and B7/CD28 ligation appears critical for antigen presentation and the susceptibility response. Various cytokines and chemokines (e.g., MIP-1alpha, IL-1beta, MIP-2, IL-12, and IFN-gamma) and their pattern of sustained upregulation after infection in susceptible versus resistant mice also will be discussed in light of an in vivo cytokine network. T-cell-mediated pathogenic mechanisms are of importance in development of the susceptible response to P. aeruginosa ocular infection. In the absence of T-cell infiltration into the cornea, PMN do not persist in the stroma, and cytokines and chemokines are better balanced, resulting in decreased stromal destruction and the resistance response.
Hazlett
Linda D
LD
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. lhazlett@med.wayne.edu
D000818:Animals; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D007634:Keratitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D015846:Monokines / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D015846:Monokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma