title: The effects of pentoxifylline on bacterial translocation after intestinal obstruction.
abstract: Bacterial translocation (BT) occurs mainly in preseptic conditions such as intestinal obstruction, trauma, and burn, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a derivative of methyl xanthine and has several beneficial effects in sepsis. We investigated the effects of PTX on a rat BT model. Simple intestinal obstruction (IO) was choosen to create high BT rates. Rats were divided in to five groups of 10 rats. Either 50 mg/kg PTX or placebo (3 mg/100 g saline) was administered subcutaneously following IO, either by single injection or twice with a 12-h interval. All rats were sacrificed 12 or 24 h after the procedure, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, and blood samples were obtained under aseptic conditions for bacterial cultures. The samples were obtained 12 h following IO in the first two groups, and the same samples were obtained 24 h after IO in last three groups. Groups IV and V were the PTX treatment groups. PTX was re-injected 12 h after IO only in group IV. As a result, BT rates in MLNs and liver were found to be significantly low, blood specimens remained sterile in PTX-pretreated and -treated rats, and BT rates were high in control groups and group V (once treatment late specimen group). We conclude that simple intestinal obstruction causes BT, and PTX reduces BT in rats with IO during the first 12-h period if PTX is given once immediately following IO. PTX reduces BT during the first 24-h after IO provided that is injected twice with a 12-h interval. More experimental studies are need to explain the exact mechanism of this beneficial effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kocdor
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocdor
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gulay
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gokce
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010431:Pentoxifylline