title: The bovine jugular vein: a totally integrated valved conduit to repair the right ventricular outflow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current techniques to correct valvular anomalies of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) include repair and replacement of the pulmonary valve. However, the performance of currently used conduits has been less than ideal because of unfavorable hemodynamics and mid- to long-term complications. An early experience with a totally integrated Contegra valved conduit derived from a bovine jugular vein is reported; this conduit has the advantage that there is no discontinuity between its lumen and the valve it incorporates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1999 and October 2001, a total of 22 Contegra valved conduits (12-22 mm) was implanted in 21 children aged <5 years, and in one patient aged 21 years. Diagnosis included tetralogy of Fallot (n = 13), pulmonary atresia (n = 3), double outlet right ventricle with pulmonary stenosis (PS) (n = 3), transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect and PS (n = 2) and truncus arteriosus (n = 1). In 15 of these patients, distal and proximal anastomoses were performed on the beating heart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no mortality and no valved-conduit-related early morbidity. Intraoperative invasive assessment demonstrated excellent hemodynamic characteristics: mean peak pressure increase was 8.5+/-6.3 mmHg (varying between 4 mmHg in the 20-mm conduit and 18 mmHg in the 14-mm conduit). These values were confirmed by pre-discharge transthoracic pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography. Because of endocarditis, one conduit was explanted after 11 months and replaced with a pulmonary homograft. Two patients required reintervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Contegra valved conduit is an excellent immediate substitute in the treatment of RVOT lesion when a pulmonary valve has to be inserted. Both systolic and diastolic valve functions are promising. Further data are required to confirm the favorable hemodynamics, as well as the durability and efficacy of this conduit in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berdat
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pfammatter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*