title: Is topical delta-aminolevulinic acid adequate for photodynamic therapy in Barrett's esophagus? A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The methods of endoscopic ablation of metaplastic and dysplastic areas in Barrett's esophagus so far described, are not satisfactory with respect to efficacy and safety. Therefore we investigated whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) leads to ablation of specialized columnar epithelium and eradication of low-grade dysplasia while not producing phototoxicity and systemic side effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 patients with histologically proven Barrett's esophagus, seven of whom had evidence of low-grade dysplasia, underwent endoscopic treatment with topical delta-ALA. Photoactivation (wavelength, 632 nm) was performed at 1.5 - 2 hours after drug administration using an argon dye laser. Patients received omeprazole 80 mg daily for 2 months; thereafter; maintenance therapy depended on reflux symptoms. Patients were endoscopically re-evaluated after 7 days, and subsequently at 3, 6, 12 and up to 48 months (mean follow up 33 months). Re-treatment with high-dose topical delta-ALA was offered to the 11 patients with remaining metaplasia and was carried out in five of them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-grade dysplasia was eradicated in all patients. One patient with no dysplasia before PDT developed a high-grade dysplasia after PDT. Complete ablation of Barrett's metaplasia was observed in 21 % of the patients after the first treatment session and in 20 % after the second treatment session. The mean reduction in the length of Barrett's metaplasia was 1.54 +/- 1.29 cm after the first PDT session and 1.02 +/- 0.80 cm after the second PDT session. Post-endoscopic pain and photosensitivity reactions were less frequent with low-dose delta-ALA PDT than with high-dose PDT (pain 15 %, 100 %, respectively; P = 0.001 by Fisher's exact test; phototoxicity, 0 %, 50 %, respectively; P = 0.021 by Fisher's exact test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose topical administration of delta-ALA provides ablation of low-grade dysplasia in the range obtained with oral delta-ALA. In addition, it is safe and well tolerated. Since, however, topical administration of delta-ALA is not able to consistently eradicate Barrett's esophagus, alternative methods will have to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medical Faculty Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. Marianne.Ortner@charite.de
authors.forename: M -A
authors.initials: M-
authors.lastname: Ortner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zumbusch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liebetruth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleige
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochs
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid