title: Reliability and validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity in posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy.
abstract: METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis was performed in patients with posterior pelvic pain since pregnancy (PPPP). The strength of adduction of the hips was measured and compared with the scores of commonly used disease severity measures of lumbopelvic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reliability and validity of using hip adduction strength as measure of disease severity in patients with PPPP.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various tools are used to measure disease severity in PPPP; there is still a need for simple tests with high reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra- and intertester reliability of hip adduction strength measurement was assessed in two small groups of women with PPPP. Validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity was investigated in a group of 200 patients with PPPP by comparing the test scores with the medical history, scores on self-reported scales on disability, pain, and tiredness, pain provocation tests, and the active straight leg raise test. Responsiveness of hip adduction strength was assessed in a group of 75 patients with PPPP. Global impression of improvement, scored by the patient, was used as criterion standard. The responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was expressed as the standardized response mean and was compared with the responsiveness of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intratester reliability for measuring hip adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were both 0.79. The intertester reliability for measurement of adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were also both 0.79. Hip adduction strength correlated as expected with all disease severity measures. Responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was large (standardized response mean = 0.93) and slightly less than that of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (standardized response mean = 1.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hip adduction strength can be recommended to measure disease severity in PPPP, especially to describe groups of patients and to evaluate the course of the disease in groups as well as in individual patients. Decreased hip adduction strength appears to be caused by the inability to use the hip muscles rather than by weakness of the muscles.
authors.affiliation: Spine & Joint Centre and the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.m.a.mens@azr.nl
authors.forename: Jan M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mens
authors.forename: Andry
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vleeming
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ronchetti
authors.forename: Henk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Stam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000276:immunology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index