title: Utilisation behaviour consequent to bilateral SMA softening.
abstract: The case of patient CU, who presented with severe utilisation behaviour, eventually unaccompanied by psychometric signs of frontal involvement, is reported. He suffered from a bilateral stroke within the territory of the anterior cerebral artery. His arterial system was characterised by a unique variant, whereby the right anterior cerebral artery was missing and three trunks originated from the left anterior cerebral artery, each bifurcating into right and left branches. An occlusion of the middle trunk immediately before its partition gave rise to a symmetrical bilateral parasagittal lesion that damaged the supplementary motor areas (medial part of Brodmann's area 6), sparing the lateral regions including the premotor cortices, the corpus callosum and the gyri cinguli. The hypothesis is put forward that utilisation behaviour should be conceived as a double anarchic hand, and its interpretation should rest on the damaged balance between the premotor cortices, responsive to environmental triggers, and the supplementary motor areas, which modulate actions and inhibit them. The imbalance due to the lesion would result in the patients being left at the mercy of environmental stimuli, unable to inhibit inappropriate actions. This intra-frontal hypothesis accounts for the data presented and those from the literature better than the previously held fronto-parietal equipoise.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Neuroradiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera, Niguarda-Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boccardi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Sala
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Motto
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spinnler
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020243:Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000502:physiology*