title: Quantitative imaging in late TBI. Part II: cognition and work after closed and penetrating head injury: a report of the Vietnam head injury study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional outcome in relation to CT findings in traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients is not well established in relation to cognitive and vocational outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible correlation between relatively simple quantitative radiological measurements and cognitive and vocational outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of quantitative assessment of CT studies in relation to post-injury cognitive changes and vocational outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  US Army Medical Centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  74 penetrating head injured (PHI) and 37 closed head injured (CHI) Vietnam war veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT); Disability score; Return to work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total brain volume loss, third ventricle width (3VW), ventricular score (VS), and septum-caudate distance (SCD) were significantly related to cognitive change and return to work in PHI patients. Volume loss and 3VW were the most valuable radiologic predictors of outcome in multivariate linear and logistic regression models for both CHI and PHI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3VW on late CT scans following traumatic brain injury is a powerful predictor of overall long-term cognitive outcomes and potential for return to work.
authors.affiliation: Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program, the HM Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Sciences, The Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Ra'anana, Israel. zeevgros@ccsg.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Groswasser
authors.forename: Irith I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Reider-Groswasser
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Alexander K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ommaya
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pridgen
authors.forename: Herbert R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Andres M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salazar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004651:Employment; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020197:Head Injuries, Penetrating / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014728:Veterans