title: Use of progestogen-only contraceptives/medications and lipid parameters in women age 40 to 42 years: results of a population-based cross-sectional Norwegian Survey.
abstract: This population-based cross-sectional study assessed lipid and lipoprotein parameters in women using progestogen-only contraceptives or medications and in those using no hormones. Unselected women about age 40 to 42 years were invited, and the participation rate was 65.6%. A total of 30,636 women were premenopausal, not pregnant, and used either a progestogen [n = 3000, including 2463 users of a intrauterine device (IUD) with levonorgestrel 20 microg/24 h] or no sex hormones. Those using the hormone-releasing IUD reported better health and a healthier lifestyle than nonusers of hormones, while women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate had a less healthy lifestyle. Compared with nonusers of hormones, users of a levonorgestrel IUD were more likely to have high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations < or =1.1 mmol/L (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.5), while users of oral norethisterone or lynestrenol, or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate had a doubled to tripled risk of low HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Use of the IUD with levonorgestrel was also linked with a decreased risk of high serum triglycerides and of high non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations and a total/HDL-cholesterol ratio similar to that of nonusers of hormones.
authors.affiliation: National Health Screening Service, Oslo, Norway. sidsel.graff-iverson@fhi.no
authors.forename: Sidsel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graff-Iversen
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008234:Lynestrenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D009664:Norway; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008074:Lipoproteins; D011372:Progestins; D014280:Triglycerides; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D002784:Cholesterol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D008234:Lynestrenol; D009640:Norethindrone