title: Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine, tryptophan, and tryptophan metabolite concentrations in dogs with portosystemic shunts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether glutamine (GLN), tryptophan (TRP), and tryptophan metabolite concentrations are higher in cerebralspinal fluid (CSF) dogs with naturally occurring portosystemic shunts (PSS), compared with control dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 dogs with confirmed PSS and 12 control dogs fed low- and high-protein diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected from all dogs. Serum and CSF concentrations of GLN, alanine, serine, TRP, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of GLN, TRP, and 5-HIAA were significantly higher in PSS dogs, compared with control dogs fed high- or low-protein diets. Cerebrospinal fluid QUIN concentration was significantly higher in PSS dogs, compared with control dogs fed the low-protein diet. Serum QUIN concentration was significantly lower in PSS dogs, compared with control dogs fed either high- or low-protein diets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in CNS GLN concentration is associated with high CSF concentrations of TRP and TRP metabolites in dogs with PSS. High CSF 5-HIAA concentrations indicate an increased flux of TRP through the CNS serotonin metabolic pathway, whereas high CSF QUIN concentrations indicate an increased metabolism of TRP through the indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase pathway. The high CSF QUIN concentrations in the face of low serum QUIN concentrations in dogs with PSS indicates that QUIN production from TRP is occurring in the CNS. High concentrations of QUIN and other TRP metabolites in the CNS may contribute to neurologic abnormalities found in dogs with PSS and hepatic encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Washabau
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djali
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dayrell-Hart
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Drobatz
authors.forename: Melvyn P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Heyes
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000662:veterinary*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D011168:Portal System / Q000002:abnormalities*; D017378:Quinolinic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012694:Serine / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005973:Glutamine; D012694:Serine; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D014364:Tryptophan; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D000409:Alanine