title: The essential role of Cited2, a negative regulator for HIF-1alpha, in heart development and neurulation.
abstract: Cited2 is a cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CBP)/p300 interacting transcriptional modulator and a proposed negative regulator for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha through its competitive binding with HIF-1alpha to CBP/p300. Disruption of the gene encoding Cited2 is embryonic lethal because of defects in the development of heart and neural tube. Morphological and Doppler echocardiographic analyses of Cited2(-/-) embryos reveal severe cardiovascular abnormalities, including pulmonic arterial stenosis and ventricular septal defects accompanied by high peak outflow velocities, features of the human congenital cardiac defect termed tetralogy of Fallot. The mRNA levels of several HIF-1alpha-responsive genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Glut1, and phosphoglycerate kinase 1, increased in the Cited2(-/-) hearts. The increase of VEGF levels is significant, because defects in the Cited2(-/-) embryos closely resemble the major defects observed in the VEGF transgenic embryos. Finally, compared with wild-type, cultured fibroblasts from Cited2(-/-) embryos demonstrate an enhanced expression of HIF-1alpha-responsive genes under hypoxic conditions. These observations suggest that functional loss of Cited2 is responsible for defects in heart and neural tube development, in part because of the modulation of HIF-1 transcriptional activities in the absence of Cited2. These findings demonstrate that Cited2 is an indispensable regulatory gene during prenatal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Center, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haynie
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Baoguang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Songsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiatchoosakun
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Restivo
authors.forename: Saying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Nanduri R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herrup
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hoit
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000209:etiology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000209:etiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C486381:CITED2 protein, human; C110087:Cited2 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors