title: Small neuroretinal rim and large parapapillary atrophy as predictive factors for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate which morphologic features of the optic disc are predictive factors for progressive neuroretinal rim loss in chronic open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 394 eyes of 257 white patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma. Mean follow-up time was 31.8 months (median, 39.7 months). Progression of glaucoma was defined as loss of neuroretinal rim as detected by disc photographs. Presence of optic disc hemorrhages was not taken into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent repeated qualitative and morphometric evaluation of color stereo optic disc photographs. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier curves, and bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for patients' ages. Dependency of left and right eyes from the same subject was taken into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative and quantitative morphologic optic nerve head parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progression of glaucomatous optic nerve changes was detected in 42 eyes (11%). At baseline of the study, neuroretinal rim area (total area, P = 0.03) was significantly smaller, and beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (total area, P = 0.04) was significantly larger in the progressive study group compared with the nonprogressive study group. Neither study group varied significantly in size and shape of the optic disc, optic cup depth, alpha zone of parapapillary atrophy, and diameter of the retinal arteries and veins (P > 0.05). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the progression of glaucoma depended significantly on the area of the neuroretinal rim (temporal sector, P = 0.003) and beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (temporal inferior sector, P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important morphologic predictive factors for progression of the glaucomatous appearance of the optic nerve head in white persons are small size of neuroretinal rim and large area of beta zone of parapapillary atrophy. Progression of glaucomatous optic nerve head changes is independent of size and shape of the optic disc, size of alpha zone of parapapillary atrophy, retinal vessel diameter, and optic cup depth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Jost.Jonas@augen.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: Wido M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: Anselm
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010781:Photography; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies