title: FA15, a hydrophobic derivative of ferulic acid, suppresses inflammatory responses and skin tumor promotion: comparison with ferulic acid.
abstract: In our previous study, FA15 (2-methyl-1-butyl ferulic acid) was chemically synthesized as a novel ferulic acid (FA) analog, and found to notably suppress phorbol ester-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation and superoxide anion generation in vitro. In this report, we demonstrated that FA15, in contrast to FA, markedly suppressed the combined lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma-induced protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and also inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha accompanied by suppression of I-kappa B degradation in RAW264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. In ICR mouse skin, topical application of FA15 significantly attenuated phorbol ester-triggered hydrogen peroxide production and edema formation as well as papilloma development while that of FA did not. Our results suggest that FA15, derived from natural sources, is a novel chemopreventive agent, both structurally and functionally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Iwade-Uchita, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan. murakami@bio.waka.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshimizu
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagihara
authors.forename: Hisaji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Asao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.forename: Ha Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010212:Papilloma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C464609:2-methyl-1-butyl ferulic acid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C004999:ferulic acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases