title: Penetrating neck injuries: helical CT angiography for initial evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an experience with helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography as the initial procedure to rule out arterial lesions caused by penetrating neck injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 27 months, 175 patients were referred for helical CT angiography of the neck because of clinical suspicion of arterial injuries. The protocol included a 100-mL bolus of nonionic contrast material injected at 4.5 mL/sec, with 11-second scanning delay, 3-mm collimation, and pitch of 1.3-2.0. CT images were interpreted prospectively by the emergency radiologist, and two radiologists retrospectively interpreted studies with consensus. Outcome was determined with examination of patients and their charts. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies in two patients were considered inadequate for diagnosis; these patients were referred for conventional arteriography and had normal findings. In 27 patients (15.6%), arterial lesions were detected. One patient had two arterial injuries. Lesions demonstrated with helical CT angiography were arterial occlusion (n = 14), pseudoaneurysm (n = 8), pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistulae (n = 4), and partial thrombosis (n = 2). The remaining 146 patients had normal arteries. On the basis of these findings, patients were treated with surgery (n = 21), endovascular intervention (n = 7), and observation alone (n = 146).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that helical CT angiography can be used as the initial method for evaluation in patients with possible arterial injuries of the neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. fmunera@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Múnera
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanabria
authors.forename: Juan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*