title: Effects of halothane and enflurane anesthesia on sympathetic beta-adrenoreceptor-mediated pulmonary vasodilation in chronically instrumented dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors previously reported that the pulmonary vasodilator response to the sympathetic beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol is potentiated during isoflurane anesthesia compared with the conscious state. In the present in vivo study, the authors tested the hypothesis that halothane and enflurane anesthesia also enhance sympathetic beta adrenoreceptor-mediated pulmonary vasodilation. The authors also used the membrane-permeable analog of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), dibutyryl cAMP, to help delineate the site in the signaling pathway for an anesthesia-induced effect on beta adrenoreceptor-mediated pulmonary vasodilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented to measure the left pulmonary vascular pressure-flow (LPQ) relationship. LPQ plots were measured on separate days in the conscious, halothane-, and enflurane-anesthetized states at baseline, after preconstriction with the thromboxane analog U46619, and during the cumulative intravenous administration of isoproterenol. LPQ plots were also measured in conscious, halothane-, and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs after U46619 preconstriction and during the cumulative intravenous administration of dibutyryl cAMP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the conscious state, neither halothane nor enflurane had an effect on the baseline LPQ relationship. The magnitude of the pulmonary vasodilator response to isoproterenol was potentiated during halothane anesthesia but unchanged during enflurane anesthesia. The pulmonary vasodilator response to dibutyryl cAMP was not altered during either halothane or isoflurane anesthesia compared with the conscious state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that inhalational anesthetic agents can exert differential effects on the pulmonary vasodilator response to sympathetic beta-adrenoreceptor activation. The potentiated vasodilator response observed during halothane and isoflurane anesthesia is the result of effects proximal to cAMP accumulation in the beta-adrenoreceptor signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anesthesiology Research, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sumihiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004737:Enflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001786:Blood Glucose; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D003994:Bucladesine; D004737:Enflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane