title: Comparison of retrobulbar analgesics for evisceration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether postoperative pain and nausea after evisceration surgery is better controlled with intraoperative retrobulbar ethanol or bupivacaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Eleven patients undergoing evisceration surgery by two surgeons over a 6-month period for blind, chronically painful eyes were randomly allocated in two groups. One group (5 patients) received prophylactic retrobulbar 95% ethanol injections; the control group (6 patients) received retrobulbar 0.75% bupivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Postoperative pain and nausea were recorded by the patients with the use of a 10-point analog scale. Patients also documented the quantity of analgesics required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean and median postoperative pain and nausea scores were significantly lower for patients given intraoperative retrobulbar ethanol (paired t test, P<0.01). These patients also required significantly less analgesic medicine. Complications from the retrobulbar ethanol injections included forehead numbness and ptosis, both of which had resolved by the time of prosthesis fitting 6 weeks later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons should consider the use of intraoperative retrobulbar ethanol injections to help relieve postoperative pain and nausea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giligson
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dolman
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buffam
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003061:Codeine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017234:Eye Evisceration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000431:Ethanol; D003061:Codeine; D002045:Bupivacaine