title: Factors explaining recurrence in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy regimens for frequently recurring superficial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the factors determining new recurrences in patients with frequently recurring superficial bladder tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of all 205 eligible patients, each received 5 weekly intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC), with the first instillation given perioperatively. This was followed, according to randomization, by BCG instillations alone or by alternating instillations of interferon-alpha and BCG monthly for up to 1 year. Impact of 12 variables on time to first recurrence was retrospectively studied with the Cox multiple hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type of regimen was the most significant factor determining new recurrences, with preceding recurrence rate being the most important prognostic factor. Timing of the first MMC was the third significant predictor in the main multivariate analysis, with more than a two-fold relative risk for a new recurrence if the first MMC instillation was given later than on day 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preceding recurrence rate, most accurately reflects, in patients with frequently recurring tumors, the inherent risk for new recurrences. This risk can be considerably reduced by use of an effective chemoimmunotherapy regimen, and in addition, by inclusion of an early perioperative chemotherapy instillation in such a regimen.
authors.affiliation: Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland. eero.kaasinen@jarvenpaa.fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaasinen
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Juusela
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajala
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liukkonen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016685:Mitomycin