title: White-opaque switching in Candida albicans is controlled by mating-type locus homeodomain proteins and allows efficient mating.
abstract: Discovered over a decade ago, white-opaque switching in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is an alternation between two quasistable, heritable transcriptional states. Here, we show that white-opaque switching and sexual mating are both controlled by mating type locus homeodomain proteins and that opaque cells mate approximately 10(6) times more efficiently than do white cells. These results show that opaque cells are a mating-competent form of C. albicans and that this pathogen undergoes a white-to-opaque switch as a critical step in the mating process. As white cells are generally more robust in a mammalian host than are opaque cells, this strategy allows the organism to survive the rigors of life within a mammalian host, yet generate mating-competent cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Mathew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D048429:Cell Size / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000502:physiology*; D018390:Gene Targeting; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D049770:Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D005812:Genes, Switch / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins