title: A highly conserved novel family of mammalian developmental transcription factors related to Drosophila grainyhead.
abstract: The Drosophila transcription factor Grainyhead regulates several key developmental processes. Three mammalian genes, CP2, LBP-1a and LBP-9 have been previously identified as homologues of grainyhead. We now report the cloning of two new mammalian genes (Mammalian grainyhead (MGR) and Brother-of-MGR (BOM)) and one new Drosophila gene (dCP2) that rewrite the phylogeny of this family. We demonstrate that MGR and BOM are more closely related to grh, whereas CP2, LBP-1a and LBP-9 are descendants of the dCP2 gene. MGR shares the greatest sequence homology with grh, is expressed in tissue-restricted patterns more comparable to grh and binds to and transactivates the promoter of the human Engrailed-1 gene, the mammalian homologue of the key grainyhead target gene, engrailed. This sequence and functional conservation indicates that the new mammalian members of this family play important developmental roles.
authors.affiliation: Rotary Bone Marrow Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital Research Foundation, c/o Royal Melbourne Hospital Post Office, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilanowski
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuckfield
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerruti
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: Vishwas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Jianning
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jane
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019281:Dimerization; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000473:pathology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C512897:ELF1 protein, human; C513076:EN1 protein, human; C512896:Elf1 protein, mouse; C080330:En1 protein, mouse; C470830:GRHL2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C470831:Lcp2 protein, Drosophila; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C428128:TFCP2L1 protein, human; C486070:Tfcp2l1 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; C085968:UBP1 protein, human; C062330:grh protein, Drosophila; D004247:DNA