title: In vivo effect of rhGM-CSF And rhG-CSF on monocyte HLA-DR expression of septic neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of rhGM-CSF and rhG-CSF on the monocyte HLA-DR expression of septic neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 septic neonates and 41 healthy ones. Septic neonates were randomly assigned into three treatment groups, the GM-CSF group [n=20, rhGM-CSF 5 mcg/kg/d for 4 days, intravenously over 2h (IV)], the G-CSF group (n=20, rhG-CSF 10 mcg/kg/d for 4 days, IV) and the placebo group (n=20, normal saline for 4 days, IV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial (days 0,1, 3 and 5 after the onset of sepsis) measurements of the percentage of HLA-DR positive monocytes (%HLA-DR+ monocytes) and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) by flow-cytometry as well as the absolute monocyte counts (AMC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 0, the HLA-DR expression of the septic neonates (%HLA-DR+ monocytes: 38%+/-1.8% (mean+/-SEM) and MFI: 73+/-3.4) was significantly lower than the healthy control values (%HLA-DR+ monocytes: 68%+/-2% and MFI: 123+/-4.6) (P<0.0001, for both parameters). On follow up (days 1, 3 and 5), a significant increase of HLA-DR expression was observed in all the groups of septic neonates. Healthy control values of %HLA-DR+ monocytes were reached by day 1 in the GM-CSF group and by day 3 in the G-CSF and placebo groups. Healthy control values of MFI were reached by day 3 in all groups of septic neonates. The AMC showed a significant increase in the GM-CSF group (during the whole follow up period) and in the G-CSF group (for the first 3 days of follow up).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The monocyte HLA-DR expression is depressed on the onset of neonatal sepsis and is progressively restored during the following days. Treatment with rhGM-CSF results in an earlier increase of the number of monocytes expressing the HLA-DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. agaki@med.auth.gr
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Drossou-Agakidou
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou
authors.forename: Kosmas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarafidis
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tzimouli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taparkou
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kremenopoulos
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germenis
mesh_terms: D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor