title: Echocardiographic diagnosis in carcinoid heart disease.
abstract: In this case report the typical echocardiographic features of carcinoid heart disease are presented. Newer treatments such as the use of a somatostatin analogue, interferon and hepatic de-arterialisation have improved the prognosis in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Nevertheless this syndrome portends a poor prognosis in patients with cardiac involvement. Cardiac lesions are mainly located in the right side of the heart. Regurgitation and stenosis of the tricuspid and pulmonary valve, leading to right heart failure, are the most common cardiac manifestations of the disease. Elevated levels of serotonin are probably responsible for the development of these cardiac lesions. Despite treatment resulting in significant reductions of urinary levels of 5-HIAA, regression of the cardiac manifestations in carcinoid syndrome has not been observed. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography are the main tools to establish the diagnosis and severity of carcinoid heart disease. Cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease might improve symptoms and longevity, but the scarce data report on early mortality of over 35%.
authors.affiliation: St. Elisabeth Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jonge W F
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wonnink-De
authors.forename: Rossum C T A M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Knibbeler-Van
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van der Heul
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pasteuning
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male