title: Near-infrared spectroscopic topography as a tool to monitor motor reorganization after hemiparetic stroke: a comparison with functional MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motor functional recovery from stroke can occur, but the mechanisms underlying this restorative process remain to be elucidated. We used near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) topography in comparison with functional MRI (fMRI) to evaluate the compensatory motor activation of cortical regions in patients who recovered from hemiparesis after cortical cerebral infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 6 right-handed patients who suffered cerebral infarction of the middle cerebral artery territory with minimal or mild residual contralateral hemiparesis (4 men and 2 women, 59 to 79 years old, all had left hemiparesis). Both fMRI and NIRS were studied during a hand movement task at chronic stages. Five right-handed, normal subjects (3 men and 2 women, 44 to 81 years old) served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fMRI and NIRS detected very similar cerebral cortical activation, although NIRS detected only superficial activation. The spatial resolution of NIRS was less than that of fMRI, but NIRS provided a dynamic profile of activation. Normal subjects activated predominantly the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor areas during each hand movement. All the stroke patients exhibited the normal activation pattern during normal hand movement. On affected hand movement, the stroke patients showed extended activation not only in the contralateral motor cortex but also in the ipsilateral motor cortex (primary motor cortex and supplementary motor areas).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both fMRI and NIRS studies provided evidence for the contribution of ipsilateral motor cortical compensation or reorganization to the recovery from poststroke hemiparesis. The result demonstrated that NIRS was a unique tool to monitor poststroke alterations in cortical motor functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. katoh@mail.cc.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoyama
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D010291:Paresis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*