title: Allelotype analysis of the PTEN, Smad4 and DCC genes in biliary tract cancer.
abstract: Aberrations of the PTEN, Smad4 and DCC genes have not been determined in biliary tract cancers. We performed allelotype analysis to screen for alterations of these genes. We looked for the presence of allelic imbalance (AI) at the PTEN and Smad4 genes in extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) and ampullary cancers using polymorphic microsatellite markers. These tumors were also examined for AI at the DCC gene using polymerase chain reaction amplification of variable numbers of tandem repeats. AI at the PTEN, Smad4 and DCC genes was observed in 5.3%, 8.3% and 20.7%, respectively, of EHBD tumor cases. AI at the PTEN, Smad4 and DCC genes was detected in 13.3%, 50% and 8.3%, respectively, of ampullary cancer cases. Our results suggest that (a) alteration of the Smad4 gene is a major factor in the development of ampullary cancer and (b) PTEN, Smad4 and DCC genes are altered infrequently in EHBD cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suto
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Habano
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uesugi
authors.forename: Senji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D022981:Allelic Imbalance; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016163:Genes, DCC / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human