title: The circadian photopigment melanopsin is expressed in the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax.
abstract: Despite severe degeneration of its eyes, the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax, is able to adjust circadian rhythms to the environmental light/dark cycle due to a conserved retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). The photopigment mediating the circadian photoreception and it cellular localisation is unknown in the Spalax retina. Here we show, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, that melanopsin, a recently identified opsin, is expressed in retinal ganglion cells which also co-store PACAP, a neurotransmitter of the RHT. The melanopsin-component of retinal ganglion cells in the Spalax retina is well conserved resulting in a relatively higher density of melanopsin positive cells per area compared to the rat. The results show that the Spalax, as sighted animals expresses melanopsin in ganglion cells projecting to the circadian clock supporting a role of melanopsin as a circadian photopigment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannibal
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hindersson
authors.forename: Eviatar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevo
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahrenkrug
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001766:Blindness / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019577:Mole Rats / Q000378:metabolism*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000099210:Melanopsin
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments; D017299:Rod Opsins; D000099210:Melanopsin