title: Effects of regular exercise on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are common in hemodialysis patients. In several studies, exercise programs were effective in relieving depression or anxiety in these patients, although not all agree.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we evaluated the effects of an exercise program on exercise capacity, anxiety, depression and quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty hemodialysis patients were enrolled in the study. Six patients were later excluded; two due to anemia, one due to nausea with vomiting during exercise, one due to a neurologic problem, and the other two due to noncompliance. Thus, fourteen patients, 3 men and 11 women, aged 42 +/- 10 years, completed the study. The exercise program composed of bicycle ergometer, treadmill or upper limb ergometer, 60 min per session, 3 times per week, for 12 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the exercise program, the exercise capacity was determined by measuring the maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration. In addition, psychological tests for the assessment of depression, anxiety and quality of life were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal oxygen consumption was increased from 26.3 +/- 4.6 mL/kg/min to 29.8 +/- 4.9 mL/kg/min (p = 0.013). Exercise duration was 483 +/- 138 s at the start. At the end of the exercise program it was increased to 607 +/-119s (p = 0.002). The score of anxiety was significantly improved from 47.9 +/- 5.9 to 42.8 +/- 6.3 after exercise (p = 0.004). Though it did not reach statistical significance there was a trend of improvement in depression (from 44.8 +/- 8.4 to 39.7 +/- 6.4, p = 0.073). The score of quality of life also showed a significant improvement (from 124.5 +/- 16.5 to 133.6 +/- 19.3, p = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that an appropriate application of exercise program would improve the psychological status in long-term maintenance hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Rye
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Hae Hyuk
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Soon Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome