title: A xylanase, AtXyn1, is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles, and four putative xylanase genes were identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome.
abstract: The cDNA clone RXF12, which encodes a xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The C-terminal half of the amino acid sequence of the deduced protein, named AtXyn1, showed similarity with the catalytic domain of barley xylanase X-1. The N-terminal half of AtXyn1 also contained three regions with sequences similar to cellulose-binding domains (CBDs). A xylanase assay revealed that transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing exogenous AtXyn1 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) possessed approximately twice as much xylanase activity as wild-type plants. Observation by fluorescence microscopy of transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing a fusion protein of AtXyn1 and EGFP suggested that AtXyn1 is a cell wall protein. Analysis of the localization of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic A. thaliana plants containing a chimeric gene with the upstream sequence of the AtXyn1 gene and the GUS gene demonstrated that the AtXyn1 gene is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles, but not in vessel cells. These data suggest that AtXyn1 is involved in the secondary cell wall metabolism of vascular bundle cells. A database search revealed that four putative xylanase genes exist in the A. thaliana genome, besides the AtXyn1 gene. Of these, two also contain several regions with sequences similar to CBDs in their N-terminal regions. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the five xylanases suggests a possible process for their molecular evolution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan. ma-suzu@postman.riken.go.jp
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yoshibumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komeda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D014995:Xylosidases; D005966:Glucuronidase; C466945:AtXyn3 protein, Arabidopsis; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; C466942:Xyn1 protein, Arabidopsis; C466944:Xyn2 protein, Arabidopsis; C466946:Xyn4 protein, Arabidopsis; C466943:Xyn5 protein, Arabidopsis