title: Development of a larval bioassay for susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to imidacloprid.
abstract: Strategies for controlling cat fleas, Ctenocephalidesfelisfelis (Bouché), have undergone dramatic changes in the past 5 yr. With the advent of on-animal treatments with residual activity the potential for the development of insecticide resistance increases. A larval bioassay was developed to determine the baseline susceptibility of field-collected strains of cat fleas to imidacloprid. All four laboratory strains tested showed a similar level of susceptibility to imidacloprid. Advantages of this bioassay are that smaller numbers of fleas are required because flea eggs are collected for the test. Insect growth regulators and other novel insecticides can also be evaluated. Using a discriminating dose, the detection of reduced susceptibility in field strains can be determined with as few as 40 eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521-0314, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Hinkle
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mencke
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dryden
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Blagburn
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bledsoe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehlhorn
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Denholm
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002415:Cats / Q000469:parasitology*; D006586:Hexanes; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010063:Ovum; D010944:Plants; D005423:Siphonaptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000096:Acetone; C082359:imidacloprid; D008752:Methylene Chloride