title: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces dental follicle cells to differentiate toward a cementoblast/osteoblast phenotype.
abstract: When triggered appropriately, dental follicle cells are considered to be able to differentiate toward a cementoblast/osteoblast phenotype. However, factors and mechanisms regulating follicle cell differentiation remain undefined. This study focused on determining the ability of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 to promote the differentiation of follicle cells and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells along a cementoblast/ osteoblast pathway. Follicle cells and PDL cells were isolated from the first molar region of CD-1 mice and immortalized with SV40. Both cell types expressed BMP-4 and BMP receptors (BMPR) IA and II, but only follicle cells expressed BMP-2 mRNA. Cells were exposed to recombinant human BMP (rhBMP)-2 (0-100 ng/ml) and Northern blots were used to determine the expression of mineral-associated markers. BMP-2, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of follicle cells, as reflected by enhanced core binding factor alpha (Cbfal), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression and enhanced mineral formation. U0126, a specific inhibitor of MEK-1/2 members of the MAPK family, abolished BMP-2-mediated expression of BSP and OCN. In contrast, exposure of PDL cells to BMP-2 resulted in modest expression of OCN and minimal promotion of mineralization. These results suggest that BMP-2 triggers follicle cells to differentiate toward a cementoblast/osteoblast phenotype and that the MAPK pathway is involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guozhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Janice E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Renny T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reddi
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Somerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D003795:Dental Sac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002070:Butadienes; D017931:DNA Primers; D009570:Nitriles; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C113580:U 0126; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases