title: Cephalometric pharyngeal changes after Le Fort I osteotomy in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.
abstract: Pharyngeal changes after Le Fort I osteotomy were evaluated cephalometrically in 37 patients (27 M, 10 F; mean age 23.8 years) with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Seven patients had previously undergone velopharyngeal (VPP) flap surgery to improve speech. One year postoperatively the patients without previous VPP showed a significant change (55%-85% of the surgical change) in the upper and lower sagittal depth of the nasopharyngeal airway, but not in the depth of oropharyngeal airway, length of soft palate, or position of hyoid bone. No significant changes were observed between 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Mean surgical horizontal advancement was 4.7 mm and the mean vertical lengthening 4.7 mm anteriorly and 1 mm posteriorly. There was a correlation between the amount of horizontal advancement and the amount of change in the nasopharyngeal airway. The patients with previous VPP showed significant postoperative change (85% of the surgical change) only in the lower nasopharyngeal airway, although their surgical advancement was similar to that without previous VPP. Patients with previous VPP showed significantly smaller depths of upper nasopharyngeal airway postoperatively than the patients without previous VPP. Five patients (13%) needed VPP after the osteotomy. There was no difference in the nasopharyngeal airway in the patients with VPP after the osteotomy when compared to those without, but they seemed to have shortest maxillary lengths and largest mean surgical changes vertically both anteriorly (5.5 mm) and posteriorly (2.3 mm). Moderate maxillary advancement in UCLP patients results in significant changes in the nasopharyngeal airway.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. arja.heliovaara@mbnet.fi
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranta
authors.forename: Jyri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hukki
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Haapanen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002508:Cephalometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000473:pathology; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery