title: Starch and natural rubber allergen interaction in the production of latex gloves: a hand-held aerosol.
abstract: Starch powders continue to be used as donning agents on natural rubber (NR) gloves. NR aeroallergens are an important aspect of human sensitivity to latex. Asthma, upper airway, and ocular symptoms are associated with these airborne proteins. These bioaerosols feature starch as the carrier. The association of NR allergen and starch is demonstrated in NR glove manufacturing, in laboratory simulation, and as occupational aeroallergens in health care environments. Four aspects of latex allergen affinity for starch powders were examined by using a competitive IgE immunoassay for NR latex. Allergen content was assessed in finished gloves before and after powder process points and related to the allergen content of the raw latex source material. In another manufacturing process, allergen uptake by two different starch powders was quantified. NR allergen affinity for the starches was also determined under laboratory conditions. Finally, NR aeroallergens carried by starch powder in production facilities were measured. This article outlines the sources, mechanisms, and conditions for NR allergens to interact with two different starches. The quantitative airborne allergen data are used to compare and contrast various occupational indices of NR allergen exposure. Powdered NR gloves continue to cause concern; however, the technology used for contemporary glove powder applications may be advanced and improved enough to consistently produce powdered gloves with a low allergen content.
authors.affiliation: Allergic Diseases Research, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. swanson@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000276:immunology*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007840:Latex / Q000276:immunology*; D012408:Rubber / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013213:Starch / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D007840:Latex; D013213:Starch; D012408:Rubber