title: Color vision in 42 Congolese patients with tuberculosis receiving ethambutol treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study color vision in Congolese patients with tuberculosis receiving ethambutol therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, descriptive study of color vision test in patients with systemic tuberculosis receiving ethambutol was performed between April 1995 and January 1998 at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa. Color vision tests were assessed with pseudoisochromatic plates (the Ishihara Pseudo-isochromatic Plates), the AO-HRR (American Optical Handy Rand Rittler), the Bölle and Kastel anomaloscope, Farnsworth-Munsell test (the D-15 and the FM-100).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 42 patients with a mean age of 33 years (range, 14 to 75 years). The color vision of all the patients was found to be normal as measured by the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates. One (2%) patient showed color vision defect (anarchic axis] with the OA-HRR test. Three (7%) of 42 patients displayed blue-yellow color axis or anarchic axis color vision test on the D-15 test. Fifteen (36%) of 42 patients had high total error scores at the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 test. The color axis was as follows: anarchic axis (13.1%), red-green-color and blue-yellow-color combined axis (13.1%), blue-yellow color axis (7.5%). Results of the Bölle and Kastel anomaloscope were normal in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the importance of color vision examinations in the detection of the complications of ethambutol treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire du Mont-Amba, University of Kinshasa. kaimbo@raga.net
authors.forename: Wa Kaimbo D
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kaimbo
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bifuko
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dralands
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Missotten
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol