title: Picloram and napropamide sorption as affected by polymer addition and salt concentration.
abstract: Polymer application to soil is a growing practice to improve soil physical properties and reduce soil erosion. Polymer addition can potentially influence herbicide and pesticide sorption in soil. The one-point distribution coefficient Kd values of two herbicides in the absence and presence of each of 10 polymers (7 polyacrylamides and 3 polysaccharides) were determined by the batch equilibrium method. The results showed that nonionic napropamide [2-(alpha-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide] sorption was essentially unaffected by the presence of any of the polymers. The influence of polymers on anionic picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) sorption depends on the charge characteristics of polymers and salt concentrations in the solution. Electrostatic interaction and competition for sorption sites are two primary underlying mechanisms for the polymer influence. At low salt concentration, the increased picloram sorption in the presence of both cationic and anionic polymers was attributed to different electrostatic interactions and polymer partitioning between soil and solution phases. At high salt levels, the presence of polymers had either no influence or a slightly negative influence on the picloram sorption, which was attributed to competition for sorption sites. In field conditions, it is more likely that polymers have no or a slightly negative influence on herbicide sorption due to the presence of salts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Univ of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Laosheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Letey
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000383:Agriculture; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010846:Picloram / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011108:Polymers; D012492:Salts; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C010909:devrinol; D010846:Picloram