title: Olanzapine in the treatment of refractory migraine and chronic daily headache.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olanzapine, a thienobenzodiazepine, is a new "atypical" antipsychotic drug. Olanzapine's pharmacologic properties suggest it would be effective for headaches, and its propensity for inducing acute extrapyramidal reactions or tardive dyskinesia is relatively low. We thus decided to assess the value of olanzapine in the treatment of chronic refractory headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 50 patients with refractory headache who were treated with olanzapine for at least 3 months. All previously had failed treatment with at least four preventative medications. The daily dose of olanzapine varied from 2.5 to 35 mg; most patients (n = 19) received 5 mg or 10 mg (n = 17) a day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in headache days relative to baseline, from 27.5 +/- 4.9 before treatment to 21.1+/-10.7 after treatment (P <.001, Student t test). The difference in headache severity (0 to 10 scale) before treatment (8.7+/-1.6) and after treatment (2.2 +/- 2.1) was also statistically significant (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine may be effective for patients with refractory headache, including those who have failed a number of other prophylactic agents. Olanzapine should receive particular consideration for patients with refractory headache who have mania, bipolar disorder, or psychotic depression or whose headaches previously responded to other neuroleptic medications.
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Silberstein
authors.forename: Mario F P
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shechter
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Todd D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rozen
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D020773:Headache Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D000077152:Olanzapine