title: Disposition of a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, valdecoxib, in human.
abstract: Valdecoxib is a potent and specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, which is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and the dysmenorrhea pain. Eight male human subjects each received a single 50-mg oral dose of [(14)C]valdecoxib. Urine, feces, and blood samples were collected after administration of the radioactive dose. Most of the radioactivity in plasma was associated with valdecoxib and the hydroxylated metabolite of valdecoxib (M1). The estimated terminal half-life for valdecoxib was about 7 h. About 76.1% of the radioactive dose was recovered in urine and 18% of the radioactive dose was recovered in feces. Valdecoxib was extensively metabolized in human, and nine phase I metabolites were identified. The primary oxidative metabolic pathways of valdecoxib involved hydroxylation at either the methyl group to form M1 or N-hydroxylation at the sulfonamide moiety to form M2. Further oxidation of M1 led to the formation of several other phase I metabolites. Oxidative breakdown of the N-hydroxy sulfonamide function group in M2 led to the formation of corresponding sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid metabolites. The O-glucuronide conjugate of M1 and N-glucuronide conjugate of valdecoxib were the major urinary metabolites, which accounted for 23.3 and 19.5% of the total administered dose, respectively. The remaining urinary metabolites were glucuronide conjugates of other phase I metabolites. Only 3% of the administered dose was recovered in urine as unchanged parent, suggesting that renal clearance is insignificant for valdecoxib. Absorption of valdecoxib was excellent since the recovery of unchanged valdecoxib in feces was <1% of the administered dose.
authors.affiliation: Global Drug Metabolism, Pharmacia, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077, USA. jjyuan@pharmacia.com
authors.forename: Josh J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Dai-Chang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ji Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bible
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: John W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Findlay
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D000982:Antipruritics / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000982:Antipruritics; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005966:Glucuronidase; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013449:Sulfonamides; C406224:valdecoxib; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human