title: Factors affecting visual outcomes after small-incision phacoemulsification in diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factors affecting visual outcome after phacoemulsification and evaluate the use of preoperative visual potential in assessing the visual prognosis in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective chart review of 1345 consecutive patients who had uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification, operated eyes from 106 diabetic and 55 nondiabetic control patients were selected. Data on demographics, level of retinopathy, perioperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(Ic)), surgical duration, preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and visual potential were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age, sex, preoperative BCVA, and visual potential in the diabetic and control eyes were comparable. Throughout the postoperative period, BCVA was worse of the diabetic group. At 1 year, BCVA was 20/40 in 82.1% of the diabetic group and 94.7% of the control group (P =.01). The most important factors affecting postoperative BCVA included coexisting diabetes and preoperative level of retinopathy. No correlation was found between perioperative and postoperative BCVA. Diabetic patients were less likely than control patients to achieve a BCVA better than or equal to the preoperative visual potential at 4 years (hazard ratio 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-0.9; P =.011). Patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were nearly 5 times less likely (P =.023) and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy 30 times less likely (P <.0001) to achieve a postoperative BCVA of 20/40 than diabetic patients without retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification improved visual acuity in diabetic patients, this group had an overall worse visual outcome than nondiabetic patients. The most important predictors of visual outcome were coexisting diabetes and the extent of preoperative retinopathy. Methods used to assess preoperative visual potential provided a reasonable estimate of postoperative BCVA in diabetic patients. Given the inverse association between the level of retinopathy and visual outcome, it may be better to perform cataract extraction in diabetic patients during earlier stages of retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mamta  D
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Somaiya
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Roni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Bernard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Godley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D035061:Control Groups; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D044465:White People