title: [Tortuosity of the internal carotid artery and its implications for the oropharyngeal and skull base surgery].
abstract: Conventional textbooks on anatomy emphasize the consistency in the pathway of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) from the carotid bifurcation to the skull base. Deviations in its route as result of developmental and acquired conditions have received little attention in the literature. A case of a tortuous cervical ICA presenting as pharyngeal pulsatile swelling is presented. The differential diagnosis includes an enlarged ascending pharyngeal artery, aneurysm of the cervical ICA, and displacement of the cervical ICA by a tumour. Its presence warrants radiological assessment to establish a diagnosis and modify any planned surgery. Inadvertent injury or ligation of a tortuous cervical ICA can result in serious if not fatal complications. Clinical, radiological and cadaver studies on the tortuosity of the cervical ICA are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario del País de Gales, Reino Unido.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamal Muhammad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penrose-Stevens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Framiñán
authors.forename: S F S
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Shone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed