title: Glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in rat mesangial cells: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and Ets transcription factors.
abstract: Glucocorticoids and their synthetic analogs exert potent antiinflammatory actions that, in most cases, are due to an inhibition of the expression of inflammatory genes. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of dexamethasone-mediated suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression triggered by IL-1beta in rat mesangial cells. Treatment of mesangial cells with dexamethasone markedly reduced the gelatinolytic content of conditioned media due to a decrease in MMP-9 expression. Cloning of a 1.3-kb fragment of the rat MMP-9 gene promoter and subsequent site- directed mutagenesis revealed that a nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) site at -561 to -550 and a region from -511 to -497 bearing a distal activator protein 1 site adjacent to an Ets-binding site are essentially involved in the IL-1beta-mediated transactivation of MMP-9. Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by dexamethasone resides in a promoter region downstream of -597. The IL-1beta-caused increase in DNA binding of both NF-kappaB and Ets-1 immunopositive complexes was substantially suppressed by dexamethasone as shown by EMSA. This was paralleled with a reduced abundance of p65 and Ets-1 proteins in cell nuclei concomitantly with a reduced inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) degradation. In addition to NF-kappaB, we suggest a pivotal role for the Ets binding site, in concert with a distal activator protein-1 element, in the transcriptional suppression of cytokine-induced MMP-9 expression by glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. w.eberhardt@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klasmeier
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfeilschifter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C494043:Ets1 protein, rat; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004247:DNA; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9