Maturation of respiratory control in the behaving mammal.
Whereas in vitro techniques have contributed greatly to our understanding of detailed neuronal mechanisms of respiratory control, the integrated function of respiratory behavior requires studying conscious, unsedated subjects. Noninvasive approaches, meticulous chronic instrumentation for the recording of multiple respiratory indices, and correlations with brain studies performed after physiological manipulations in vivo can all be employed to get to some understanding of the maturation of respiratory control in the mammal. This article is a selective and critical overview of recent literature on methodologies that can be used in behaving subjects, the relationship of respiration to sleep-wake states, respiratory patterns during normoxia, and on respiratory responsiveness to hypercarbia and hypoxia, all emphasizing processes during development. It is hoped that this review will encourage new investigators interested in the regulation of breathing to resort to experimental approaches that will reveal the mysteries of respiratory behavior in the integrated organism.
Moss
Immanuela Ravé
IR
McGill University, The Montreal Children's Hospital, Developmental Respiratory Laboratory, Room A-707, 2300 Tupper Street, H3H 1P3 Montreal, Quebec, Canada. immanuela.moss@muhc.mcgill.ca
D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008322:Mammals / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen