title: Collision in space.
abstract: On June 25, 1997, the Russian supply spacecraft Progress 234 collided with the Mir space station, rupturing Mir's pressure hull, throwing it into an uncontrolled attitude drift, and nearly forcing evacuation of the station. Like many high-profile accidents, this collision was the consequence of a chain of events leading to the final piloting errors that were its immediate cause. The discussion in this article does not resolve the relative contributions of the actions and decisions in this chain. Neither does it suggest corrective measures, many of which are straightforward and have already been implemented by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Russian Space Agency. Rather, its purpose is to identify the human factors that played a pervasive role in the incident. Workplace stress, fatigue, and sleep deprivation were identified by NASA as contributory factors in the Mir-Progress collision (Culbertson, 1997; NASA, forthcoming), but other contributing factors, such as requiring crew to perform difficult tasks for which their training is not current, could potentially become important factors in future situations.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Displays and Spatial Perception Group at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. silly@eos.arc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018480:Astronauts / Q000523:psychology; D003657:Decision Making; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation
keywords: NASA Center ARC; NASA Discipline Space Human Factors