title: In utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate in drinking water: effects on developing deer mice at postnatal day 21.
abstract: The effects of in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate (AP), a component of rocket fuel and a thyroid toxicant, on developing deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were evaluated. Breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nM, 1 micro M, or 1 mM AP in drinking water, from cohabitation until pups were euthanized at postnatal day (PND) 21. Pups from the second litter were used for evaluation in this study. No significant differences were observed in any analysis performed when litter means were used in statistical analysis. All reported significant differences occurred when statistical analysis was performed on individual pup data. Body weights were significantly different between treatments at PND 5 and PND 20, with the 1- micro M body weights being lower than that of controls. Body weight and liver weight in the 1-mM group were significantly higher than the 1- micro M weights at PND 21 when analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). However, there were no significant differences in liver weights when analyzed with body weight as the covariate. Heart weights were significantly different between males and females. Male heart weights in the 1- microM and 1-mM groups were significantly lower than in controls when analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with body weight as the covariate. Litter size and survival percentage were not significantly different among treatments. Although significant differences were observed only when the individual pup was used as the experimental unit, these data suggest that AP exposure at different concentrations may variably alter body weight and male heart weight during mammalian development.
authors.affiliation: Texas Tech University, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Thuett
authors.forename: Ellen H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Roots
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: B Angella
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gentles
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004326:Drinking; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010542:Peromyscus / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C053506:ammonium perchlorate