title: Health-related quality of life in children with craniofacial anomalies.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine parents' perceptions of the health and health-related quality of life in a series of children and adolescents with cleft and other craniofacial anomalies. The subjects for this prospective study were a consecutive series of 54 children and adolescents presenting to an outpatient craniofacial anomalies surgery clinic, ages 5 to 18 years (mean, 8.9 +/- 4.2 years), 50 percent with cleft lip and/or palate, 9 percent synostotic (two coronal, two bicoronal, and one sagittal), 17 percent syndromic (two Apert, one Crouzon, one Noonan, two Goldenhar, two Smith-Lemli-Opitz, and one brachio-oto-renal), and 24 percent with other diagnoses. Subjects were divided into two groups, those with primary cleft lip and/or palate and those with other craniofacial anomalies. Health and health-related quality of life were assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire version PF28, a reliable and valid 28-Likert-item questionnaire completed by parents and yielding physical and psychosocial status scale scores. Physical and psychosocial scale scores largely fell within normal limits for the subset of children with cleft lip and/or palate. There were significant group differences in parents' ratings of global health status, with greater health concerns noted in the non-cleft lip and/or palate group. There were no significant associations between either age or sex and physical or psychosocial health. Physical health, behavior, and psychological status were highly correlated. Using a health status and quality-of-life assessment instrument, findings indicate perceived health differences between groups with and without primary cleft lip and/or palate. In contrast to normative data with the Child Health Questionnaire, findings suggest that there is a significant association between perceived physical health and psychosocial adjustment in the population of children with craniofacial anomalies. The significant perceived health needs of the non-cleft lip and/or palate group and the association between physical health and psychological adjustment highlight the importance of the interdisciplinary nature of craniofacial teams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Craniofacial Anomalies Program, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor 48109-0718, USA. sethaw@umich.edu
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Warschausky
authors.forename: Joshua B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011788:Quality of Life; D012803:Sick Role; D012917:Social Adjustment