title: Rate4Site: an algorithmic tool for the identification of functional regions in proteins by surface mapping of evolutionary determinants within their homologues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of proteins of known three-dimensional (3D) structure exist, with yet unknown function. In light of the recent progress in structure determination methodology, this number is likely to increase rapidly. A novel method is presented here: 'Rate4Site', which maps the rate of evolution among homologous proteins onto the molecular surface of one of the homologues whose 3D-structure is known. Functionally important regions often correspond to surface patches of slowly evolving residues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate4Site estimates the rate of evolution of amino acid sites using the maximum likelihood (ML) principle. The ML estimate of the rates considers the topology and branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree, as well as the underlying stochastic process. To demonstrate its potency, we study the Src SH2 domain. Like previously established methods, Rate4Site detected the SH2 peptide-binding groove. Interestingly, it also detected inter-domain interactions between the SH2 domain and the rest of the Src protein that other methods failed to detect.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 4-6-7 Minami-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8569, Japan. tal@ism.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pupko
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Itay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mayrose
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben-Tal
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000379:methods*; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein / Q000379:methods*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012984:Software; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011506:Proteins