Food-anticipatory activity and liver per1-luc activity in diabetic transgenic rats.
The mammalian Per1 gene is an important component of the core cellular clock mechanism responsible for circadian rhythms. The rodent liver and other tissues rhythmically express Per1 in vitro but typically damp out within a few cycles. In the liver, the peak of this rhythm occurs in the late subjective night in an ad lib-fed rat, but will show a large phase advance in response to restricted availability of food during the day. The relationship between this shift in the liver clock and food-anticipatory activity (FAA), the circadian behavior entrained by daily feeding, is currently unknown. Insulin is released during feeding in mammals and could serve as an entraining signal to the liver. To test the role of insulin in the shift in liver Per1 expression and the generation of FAA, per-luciferase transgenic rats were made diabetic with a single injection of streptozotocine. Following 1 week of restricted feeding and locomotor activity monitoring, liver was collected for per-luc recording. In two separate experiments, FAA emerged and liver Per1 phase-shifted in response to daytime 8-h food restriction. The results rule out insulin as a necessary component of this system.
Davidson
Alec J
AJ
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Stokkan
Karl-Arne
KA
Yamazaki
Shin
S
Menaker
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
D001786:Blood Glucose; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C539024:Per1 protein, rat; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D008156:Luciferases
NASA Discipline Space Human Factors; Non-NASA Center