title: Cardiomyogenic differentiation in cardiac myxoma expressing lineage-specific transcription factors.
abstract: We investigated five cases of cardiac myxoma and one case of cardiac undifferentiated sarcoma by light and electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factors, Nkx2.5/Csx, GATA-4, MEF2, and eHAND. Conventional light microscopy revealed that cardiac myxoma and sarcoma cells presented variable cellular arrangements and different histological characteristics. Ultrastructurally, some of the myxoma cells exhibited endothelium-like or immature mesenchymal cell differentiation. Immunohistochemistry for Nkx2.5/Csx, GATA-4, and eHAND was slightly to intensely positive in all myxoma cases. MEF2 immunoreactivity was observed in all cases including the case of sarcoma, thus suggesting myogenic differentiation of myxoma or sarcoma cells. In situ hybridization for Nkx2.5/Csx also revealed that all myxoma cells, but not sarcoma cells, expressed mRNA of the cardiac homeobox gene, Nkx2.5/Csx. Furthermore, nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was performed and demonstrated that the Nkx2.5/Csx and eHAND gene product to be detected in all cases, and in three of six cases, respectively. In conclusion, cardiac myxoma cells were found to express various amounts of cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factor gene products at the mRNA and protein levels, thus suggesting cardiomyogenic differentiation. These results support the concept that cardiac myxoma might arise from mesenchymal cardiomyocyte progenitor cells.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. hkodama@mbg.sphere.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirotani
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D009232:Myxoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C095552:NKX2-5 protein, human; C097341:helix-loop-helix protein, eHAND