title: Pain site and impairment in individuals with amputation pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between pain site and pain interference with activities of daily living (ADLs) among persons with acquired amputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based survey from clinical databases, flyer postings, and an advertisement in the inMotion magazine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons with lower-limb amputations (N=478).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six or more months after lower-limb amputation, participants completed an amputation pain questionnaire that included several standardized pain measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numeric rating scale measures of average phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain and pain-related impairment as measured by a modified version of the Pain Interference Scale of the Brief Pain Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain intensity ratings, as a group, accounted for 20% of the variance in pain interference. The pain intensity ratings associated with each individual pain site made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of pain interference with ADLs even after controlling for the pain intensity of the other 2 sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain in each of 3 sites (phantom limb, residual limb, back) appears to be important to pain-related impairment and function. Measurement of the intensity of pain at each site appears to be required for a thorough assessment of amputation pain-related impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195-6490, USA.
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ehde
authors.forename: Kellye M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000674:Amputees; D001416:Back Pain; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010591:Phantom Limb