title: Biological conversion of anglesite (PbSO(4)) and lead waste from spent car batteries to galena (PbS).
abstract: Lead paste, a solid mixture containing PbSO(4), PbO(2), PbO/Pb(OH)(2) precipitate, and elemental Pb, is one of the main waste fractions from spent car batteries. Biological sulfidation represents a new process for recovery of lead from this waste. In this process the lead salts in lead paste are converted to galena (PbS) by sulfate-reducing bacteria. This paper investigates a continuous process for sulfidation of anglesite (PbSO(4)), the main constituent of lead paste, and lead paste, consisting of a laboratory-scale gas-lift bioreactor to which a slurry of anglesite or lead paste was supplied. Sulfate or elemental sulfur was added as an additional sulfur source. Hydrogen gas served as an electron donor for the biological reduction of sulfate and elemental sulfur to sulfide by sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. Anglesite was almost completely converted to galena at a loading rate of 19 kg of PbSO(4) m(-)(3) day(-)(1), producing a sludge of which the crystalline lead phases consisted of >98% PbS (galena) and 1-2% elemental Pb. With lead paste, stable sulfidation rates of up to 17 kg of lead paste m(-)(3) day(-)(1) were demonstrated, producing a sludge of which the crystalline lead phases consisted of an estimated >96% PbS, 1-2% elemental Pb, and 1-2% PbO(2).
authors.affiliation: Sub-department Environmental Technology, Bomenweg 2, Wageningen University, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands. jan.weijma@algemeen.mt.wag-ur.nl
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weijma
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Hoop
authors.forename: Wobby
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bosma
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dijkman
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D004583:Electrons; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012722:Sewage; D013440:Sulfides; C018391:lead sulfide; D007854:Lead; D013455:Sulfur; D006859:Hydrogen; C032722:lead sulfate; D010100:Oxygen