title: IGF-I and insulin regulate eIF4F formation by different mechanisms in muscle and liver in the ovine fetus.
abstract: The mechanisms by which insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin regulate eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F formation were examined in the ovine fetus. Insulin infusion increased phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) in muscle and liver. IGF-I infusion did not alter 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in liver. In muscle, IGF-I increased 4E-BP1 phosphorylation by 27%; the percentage in the gamma-form in the IGF-I group was significantly lower than that in the insulin group. In liver, only IGF-I increased eIF4G. Both IGF-I and insulin increased eIF4E. eIF4G binding in muscle, but only insulin decreased the amount of 4E-BP1 associated with eIF4E. In liver, only IGF-I increased eIF4E. eIF4G binding. Insulin increased the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) in both muscle and liver and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in muscle, two indicative signal proteins in the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway. IGF-I increased PKB/Akt phosphorylation in muscle but had no effect on p70(S6k) phosphorylation in muscle or liver. We conclude that insulin and IGF-I modulate eIF4F formation; however, the two hormones have different regulatory mechanisms. Insulin increases phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and eIF4E. eIF4G binding in muscle, whereas IGF-I regulates eIF4F formation by increasing total eIF4G. Insulin, but not IGF-I, decreased 4E-BP1 content associated with eIF4E. Insulin regulates translation initiation via the PI 3-kinase-p70(S6k) pathway, whereas IGF-I does so mainly via mechanisms independent of the PI 3-kinase-p70(S6k) pathway.
authors.affiliation: Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Liechty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039562:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4F; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D007930:Leucine / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology*; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D039562:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4F; D039603:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G; D007328:Insulin; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D007930:Leucine