title: Anaphylactic transfusion reactions in haptoglobin-deficient patients with IgE and IgG haptoglobin antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with haptoglobin deficiency associated with haptoglobin IgG antibodies, who experienced severe nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs), have been identified in Japan. Haptoglobin deficiency therefore might be a risk factor for NHTRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4138 cases of voluntarily reported NHTRs in Japan, including 367 cases of immediate-onset anaphylactic NHTRs, were examined to identify haptoglobin deficiency. Serum haptoglobin IgG and IgE antibodies were determined in haptoglobin-deficient patients to elucidate the mechanism underlying the transfusion reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients with haptoglobin deficiency were identified. Six of them experienced severe and acute NHTRs. Six of them were identified to be homozygous for the Hpdel allele of the haptoglobin gene. Both haptoglobin IgG and IgE antibodies were detected in serum samples of all the patients. The stimulative effects of blood transfusion on the production of hap- toglobin antibodies in the patients and the relation- ship between the presence of the antibodies and the occurrence of the transfusion reactions were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anaphylactic NHTRs in these patients with haptoglobin deficiency associated with serum haptoglobin antibodies were suggested to be prevalent in Japan. In addition to IgG antibodies, IgE haptoglobin antibodies detected in the sera of such patients were suggested to play a role in the occurrence of the reactions.
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Information Department, The Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan. shimada@cbc.jrc.or.jp
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niihara
authors.forename: Ikiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitsunaga
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001162:Arteriosclerosis Obliterans / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000276:immunology; D012042:Registries; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007518:Isoantibodies; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D007073:Immunoglobulin E