title: Organochlorines in egg samples from Norwegian birds of prey: congener-, isomer- and enantiomer specific considerations.
abstract: The content of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants was determined in a total of 44 egg samples from 8 different raptor species collected throughout Norway in the period 1991-1997. The content of 8 chlorinated bornanes, 9 chlorinated pesticides, and 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB) were determined. The highest average concentrations for PCB were found for eggs from White-tailed Sea Eagle and Peregrine Falcon (average sum PCB concentration: 8.9 and 9.1 microg/g wet weight (w.w.), respectively). Merlin and Sparrowhawk eggs were the highest contaminated with chlorinated pesticides (average sum pesticide concentration: 3.0 and 4.3 microg/g w.w.). For the first time, the content of chlorobornanes was determined in Norwegian birds of prey eggs. However, only minor contamination compared to PCBs and conventional chlorinated pesticides was found. The highest sum concentration was determined for White-tailed Sea Eagle eggs (0.09 microg/g w.w.). No chlorobornane contamination was found in Osprey and Merlin eggs. No spatial and regional specific trends or pattern distribution were found for organochlorine contamination in the egg samples analysed. In order to gain information about enantiomer specific bioaccumulation and biotransformation capacity of the organism, enantioselective analyses was performed for the chiral contaminants trans-chlordane, oxy-chlordane and the chlorobornane B9-1679 (Parlar #50). Indications for species-dependent deviation from the racemic distribution (enantiomeric ratio = 1) were found. Peregrine Falcon and Merlin eggs were characterised with an extremely high enantiomeric excess of the (-)-trans-chlordane (enantiomeric ratio (ER) <0.01). For Golden Eagle, Goshawk and Sparrowhawk eggs, the ERs were between 0.1 and 0.22 demonstrating also here that the (-)-trans-chlordane was the most abundant enantiomer. For the distribution of oxy-chlordane and B9-1679 enantiomers no species-dependent differences were found. For all species the ER values between 0.3 and 0.8 were determined. Thus, also for oxy-chlordane and B9-1679, the (-)-enantiomers are the most dominating stereoisomers in the birds of prey eggs analysed.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, The Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsø. dorte.herzke@nilu.no
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herzke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kallenborn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nygård
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009664:Norway; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020304:Raptors; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides