title: History and current practice of tonsillectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review important developments in the history of adenotonsillectomy and describe current methods and results for the operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tonsillectomy practices since antiquity were reviewed, with emphasis on introductions of new surgical tools and procedures, anesthesia methods, and patient care practices. Past and current indications for and complications associated with tonsillectomy were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Devices used for adenotonsillectomy have included snares, forceps, guillotines, various kinds of scalpels, lasers, ultrasonic scalpels, powered microdebriders, and bipolar scissors. General anesthesia, the Crowe-Davis mouth gag, and methods for controlling bleeding have contributed greatly to success with the operation. Past and current indications for adenotonsillectomy are similar, although the relative importance of some indications has changed. The complication rate has declined, but the problems that do occur remain the same. Currently, cost-effectiveness is a principal concern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The instruments and procedures used for adenotonsillectomy have evolved to render it a precise operation. Today, the procedure is a safe, effective method for treating breathing obstruction, throat infections, and recurrent childhood ear disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology (r.t.y.), University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. ryounis@surgery.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Ramzi T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Rande H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States