title: HIV-positive women report more lifetime partner violence: findings from a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experiences of partner violence were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 340 women enrolled, 245 (72%) were followed and interviewed 3 months after HIV testing to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of violence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of reporting at least 1 violent event was significantly higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women (physical violence odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 5.63; sexual violence OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21, 4.73). Odds of reporting partner violence was 10 times higher among younger (< 30 years) HIV-positive women than among younger HIV-negative women (OR = 9.99; 95% CI = 2.67, 37.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violence is a risk factor for HIV infection that must be addressed through multilevel prevention approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. smaman@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.forename: Jessie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mbwambo
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Gad P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kilonzo
authors.forename: Jacquelyn C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sweat
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health