title: A study comparing ultrasound images of tongue movements between open bite children and normal children in the early mixed dentition period.
abstract: The tongue surface movement of young patients with or without open bite was evaluated by ultrasound images taken on the posterior part of the tongue on the frontal plane to determine whether there is any relationship between the tongue movement and open bite malocclusion in the early mixed dentition period. The standardized reproducible ultrasound images were obtained using ultrasound diagnostic equipment that was fabricated in a cephalostat unit having a probe stabilizer. At the central portion of the tongue, no significant differences were detected in the duration or the momentum of tongue surface movement on a frontal plane was detected between the patients with and without open bite during swallowing. The farther the region was from the central portion, however, the longer the duration and the bigger the momentum of the tongue surface movement was found in the open bite group. Based on this evidence, it is suggested that an open-bite child swallows by using a tongue thrust motion that forms using a large depressed area in the tongue, whereas a normal child without tongue thrust forms a rather narrow groove in the central portion of the tongue when swallowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. kikyo.pedo@dent.tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikyo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D002648:Child; D003199:Computer Systems; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D024343:Open Bite / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014061:Tongue Habits; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014743:Videotape Recording