title: Miniaturized transesophageal echocardiography in newborn infants.
abstract: METHODS
  A miniaturized 5.5 to 10 MHz, phased-array, single longitudinal plane transducer mounted on a 3.3-mm diameter catheter (miniaturized transesophageal echocardiography [TEE]) may overcome mechanical limitations of standard pediatric transesophageal probes. We evaluated whether the miniaturized TEE probe could define clinically relevant anatomy in 17 infants who weighed less than 6 kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two studies were performed in 17 infants without complication, weighing 2.1 to 5.6 kg. Twenty of twenty-two studies were diagnostic. Pediatric biplane TEE was not possible in 13 studies. Lack of horizontal plane imaging with miniaturized TEE made evaluation difficult in patients with atrioventricular septal defect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Miniaturized TEE provided diagnostic intraoperative TEE in the majority of infants studied and may allow broader and safer application of TEE to neonates and small infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cabalka
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008904:Miniaturization; D014159:Transducers