title: Fatigue is associated with high circulating leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatigue is a frequent and disabling symptom reported by patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Its mechanism is poorly understood. Recent attention has focused on the role of leptin and energy expenditure in CHC. Our aims were to analyse fatigue in CHC and to determine its relationship with disease activity, resting energy expenditure (REE), circulating leptin, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy eight CHC patients, 22 healthy controls, and 13 primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients underwent measurements of REE, body composition, leptin, and TNF-alpha. All subjects completed the fatigue impact scale (FIS) questionnaire. A liver biopsy and viral load measurements were performed in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty eight of 78 CHC patients considered fatigue the worst or initial symptom of their disease. The fatigue score of patients was significantly higher than that of controls (53.2 (40.1) v 17.7 (16.9); p<0.0001) and was more pronounced in females (p=0.003). Leptin was increased significantly in CHC patients compared with controls (15.4 (20.7) v 6.4 (4.1) ng/ml; p<0.05). In CHC patients, the fatigue score correlated significantly with leptin corrected for fat mass (r=0.30, p=0.01). This correlation increased when the physical domain of fatigue was included (r=0.39, p=0.0009). Furthermore, a similar positive correlation was found in PBC patients (r=0.56, p=0.04). No correlation was found between fatigue and age, REE, liver function tests, viral load, or the METAVIR score in CHC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatigue is present in CHC patients and is more pronounced in females. The FIS questionnaire is clinically relevant and may be useful for future therapeutic trials aimed at reducing fatigue. Fatigue may be partly mediated by leptin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition, CHU de NICE, France. tpiche@fc.horus-medical.fr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piche
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gelsi
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hébuterne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giudicelli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrua
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laffont
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benzaken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hastier
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rampal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D005221:Fatigue / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha