title: Quadricuspid aortic valve: a rare cause of aortic insufficiency.
abstract: Quadricuspid aortic valve, a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly, is an uncommon cause of aortic regurgitation that can be diagnosed accurately with preoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Such a case is presented, and the literature on this topic reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sachithanandan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McClements
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome