Gene therapy approaches for the selective killing of cancer cells.
This review describes gene therapy strategies that take advantage of defective signal transduction pathways to selectively kill cancer cells without adversely affecting normal cells. The distinctive features of cancer cells currently exploited by gene therapy include mitosis, cell permissiveness to infection, specific protease activity, and the activity of the p53, Rb/E2F and wnt/catenin signal transduction pathways. In most cases, proof of concept has been obtained in vitro and in vivo, but only a few approaches made it to the clinic. Overall, the clinical success rate has been disappointing and it is concluded that the gene therapy of cancer requires more innovation and hard work before its potential can be fully realized.
Westphal
Eva Maria
EM
Laboratory for Molecular Hematology, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
Melchner Hv
Harald von
Hv
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D018390:Gene Targeting; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D010450:Endopeptidases