title: Semi-volatile organic compounds at the leaf/atmosphere interface: numerical simulation of dispersal and foliar uptake.
abstract: The behaviour of (semi-)volatile organic compounds at the interface between the leaf surface and the atmosphere was investigated by finite-element numerical simulation. Three model systems with increasing complexity and closeness to the real situation were studied. The three-dimensional model systems were translated into appropriate grid structures and diffusive and convective transport in the leaf/atmosphere interface was simulated. Fenpropimorph (cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine) and Kresoxim-methyl ((E)-methyl-2-methoxyimino-2-[2-(o-tolyloxy-methyl)phenyl] acetate) were used as model compounds. The simulation showed that under still and convective conditions the vapours emitted by a point source rapidly form stationary envelopes around the leaves. Vapour concentrations within these unstirred layers depend on the vapour pressure of the compound in question and on its affinity to the lipoid surface layers of the leaf (cuticular waxes, cutin). The rules deduced from the numerical simulation of organic vapour behaviour in the leaf/atmosphere interface are expected to help in assessing how (semi-)volatile plant products (e.g. hormones, pheromones, secondary metabolites) and xenobiotics (e.g. pesticides, pollutants) perform on plant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Botanik II, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany. riederer@boranik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daiss
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Köhle
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018481:Convection; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008689:Methacrylates; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014835:Volatilization; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D009025:Morpholines; D010648:Phenylacetates; D000073739:Strobilurins; D014885:Waxes; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; C050435:fenpropimorph