title: Protective effect of adenosine against neuronal injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats as evidenced by diffusion-weighted imaging.
abstract: In the present study, adenosine, an inhibitory neuromodulator, was studied in male Wistar rats subjected to 2 h of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Adenosine (500 mg/kg ip) was administered twice-once at the time of MCA occlusion and again at the time of reperfusion-and evaluated for its protective effect by using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (30 min after reperfusion). After the DWI experiments, one group of animals was euthanized 2 h after reperfusion for the estimation of oxidative stress markers, while in another group, neurological deficit was assessed 24 h after MCA occlusion. In the adenosine-treated group, percent hemispheric lesion area (%HLA) in DWI was significantly attenuated (11.7+/-5.2) as compared to vehicle-treated group (21.4+/-4.7). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (301.8+/-22 nmol/g wet tissue) in the adenosine-treated group was significantly decreased as compared to that in the vehicle-treated MCA-occluded rats (420+/-20 nmol/g wet tissue). An insignificant change was observed in the levels of glutathione in both the vehicle-treated MCA-occluded and the adenosine-treated groups. The neurological deficit was significantly improved in the adenosine-treated group (1.8+/-0.06) as compared to the vehicle-treated (2.9+/-0.38) group. This is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of adenosine using DWI in the MCA-occluded rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. ykg@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000241:Adenosine