title: Effect of hyperthyroidism on the orbicularis oculi muscle in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on both myofiber number and myosin heavy-chain isoform composition within the palpebral orbicularis oculi muscle in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four New Zealand White rabbits were made hyperthyroid by injection of 3,3,3'-triiodothyroinine intraperitoneally every other day for 1 month. Four rabbits were used as control animals. After 1 month the rabbits were euthanized, and the eyelids were excised and sectioned in a cryostat. The sections were immunostained to determine the presence of fast, slow, and neonatal myosin heavy-chain isoforms. To determine alterations in myofiber number, differential counts of myofiber number and the cross-sectional areas of the muscle fibers were performed with the use of computerized morphometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The orbicularis oculi muscle in the palpebral portion of the eyelids from hyperthyroid rabbits had significantly fewer myofibers compared with control eyelids, predominantly as the result of a loss of myofibers in the preseptal region. The remaining fibers showed continued expression of fast myosin but upregulated coexpression of slow myosin isoform.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperthyroidism led to reduced orbicularis oculi muscle in the rabbit model and an alteration in the myosin heavy-chain isoform composition. This finding may help explain the clinical finding of eyelid retraction in patients with Graves orbitopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. harri060@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McLoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005143:Eyelids / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine