title: Regional levels of glucose, amino acids, high energy phosphates, and cyclic nucleotides in the central nervous system during hypoglycemic stupor and behavioral recovery.
abstract: The effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemic stupor and subsequent treatment with glucose on mouse cerebral cortical, cerebellar and brain stem levels of glucose, glycogen, ATP, phosphocreatine, glutamate, aspartate and GABA and on cerebral cortical and cerebellar levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been measured. Hypoglycemia decreased glucose, glycogen and glutamate levels and had no effect on ATP levels in all three regions of brain. GABA levels were decreased only in cerebellum. Aspartate levels rose in cerebral cortex and brain stem, and creatine phosphate increased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. In the hypoglycemic stuporous animals, cyclic GMP levels were elevated in cerebral cortex and depressed in cerebellum whereas cyclic AMP levels were unchanged from control values. Intravenous administration of 2.5-3.5 mmol/kg of glucose to the hypoglycemic stuporous animals produced recovery of near normal neurological function within 45 s. Only brain glucose and aspartate levels returned to normal prior to behavioral recovery. These results suggest that of the several substances examined in this study, only glucose and perhaps aspartate have important roles in the biochemical mechanisms producing neurological abnormalities in hypoglycemic animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gorell
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Dolkart
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ferrendelli
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D003128:Coma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D020127:Recovery of Function; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007328:Insulin; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D005947:Glucose