title: The epidemiology of syphilis in pregnancy.
abstract: This study evaluated the magnitude, risk factors and outcomes of syphilis in pregnancy in a large cohort of women in four countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) antenatal care trial. All women attending the first prenatal care at each selected clinic were enrolled. Screening at the first antenatal visit was routinely performed with either rapid plasma reagin or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and confirmed by fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption. All women also had the same syphilis tests after delivery. The initial prevalence, the incidence during pregnancy and the overall prevalence of syphilis at delivery were 0.9%, 0.4% and 1.3% respectively. Risk factors for syphilis during pregnancy were younger age for the incidence and older age and a history of stillbirth for the prevalence. Women with syphilis during pregnancy had significantly more adverse outcomes. We support the recommendation that in addition to the initial testing, a second routine test for syphilis ought to be established early in the third trimester even in low prevalence areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lumbiganon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piaggio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bakketeig
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergsjo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Mazrou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ba'aqeel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Belizán
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farnot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carroli
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berendes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011444:Prospective Payment Assessment Commission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control