title: Transcriptional repressor activating transcription factor 3 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of p53 transcription.
abstract: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a transcriptional repressor that is rapidly induced in cells exposed to a wide range of stress stimuli. To clarify the role of ATF3 in determining cell fate, we overexpressed it in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. ATF3 protected these cells from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis, as measured by flow cytometric analysis, trypan blue exclusion assay, and cleavage of procaspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Northern blot and nuclear run on assay showed that the transcription of tumor suppressor gene p53 was down-regulated in the ATF3-overexpressing cells. In the transient expression assay, ATF3 suppressed the p53 gene promoter activity through its specific binding to an atypical AP-1 element, PF-1 site, in the p53 gene promoter. Furthermore, the cell-protecting effect of ATF3 was remarkably reduced in p53-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that overexpression of ATF3 suppresses TNF-alpha-induced cell death of HUVECs, at least in part, through down-regulating the transcription of p53 gene. ATF3 may function as a cell survival factor of endothelial cells during vascular inflammation and atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobori
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Mimi T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Asao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunamori
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitajima
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases