title: Particulate and dissolved phosphorus chemical separation and phosphorus release from treated dairy manure.
abstract: In confined animal feeding operations, liquid manure systems present special handling and storage challenges because of the large volume of diluted wastes. Water treatment polymers and mineral phosphorus (P) immobilizing chemicals [AI2(SO4)3 x 18H2O, FeCl3-6H2O, and Class C fly ash] were used to determine particulate and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) reduction mechanisms in high total suspended solid (TSS) dairy manure and the P release from treated manure and amended soils. Co-application exceeded the aggregation level achieved with individual manure amendments and resulted in 80 and 90% reduction in metal salt and polymer rates, respectively. At marginally effective polymer rates between 0.01 and 0.25 g L(-1), maximal aggregation was attained in combination with 1 and 10 g L(-1) of aluminum sulfate (3 and 30 mmol Al3+ L(-1)) and iron chloride (3.7 and 37 mmol Fe3+ L(-1)) in 30 g L(-1) (TSS30) and 100 g L(-1) TSS (TSS100) suspensions, respectively. Fly ash induced particulate destabilization at rates > or = 50 g L(-1) and reduced solution-phase DRP at all rates > or = 1 g L(-1) by 52 and 71% in TSS30 and TSS100 suspensions, respectively. Aluminum and Fe salts also lowered DRP at rates < or = 10 g L(-1) and higher concentrations redispersed particulates and increased DRP due to increased suspension acidity and electrical conductivity. The DRP release from treated manure solids and a Typic Paleudult amended with treated manure was reduced, although the amendments increased Mehlich 3-extractable P. Therefore, the synergism of flocculant types allowed input reduction in aggregation aid chemicals, enhancing particulate and dissolved P separation and immobilization in high TSS liquid manure.
authors.affiliation: Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agric Res Center, Animal Manure and By-Products Lab, MD 20705, USA. thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov
authors.forename: Thanh H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Tommy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D008372:Manure; D010316:Particle Size; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus