title: Preliminary observations on experimental Ruta graveolens toxicosis in Nubian goats.
abstract: We present the first reported study of Ruta graveolens toxicity in 7-8-month-old Nubian goats. Oral administration of 5 g/kg bw per day of R. graveolens leaves caused tremor, dyspnoea, frequent urination, incoordination of movement, ataxia and recumbency, with death after 1-7 days. In goats receiving oral doses of 1 g/kg bw per day of the leaves, the course of toxicity was prolonged and the animals had pallor of the visible mucous membranes and loss in condition; one died on day 17, the others being slaughtered on days 41 and 46. The clinical effects were correlated with pathological changes in various organs, alterations in serum aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, total protein, cholesterol, urea and other serum constituents, haematological values and the concentrations in the tissues of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium and phosphorus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Khartoum, PO Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.
authors.forename: S E I
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: el Agraa
authors.forename: S M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: el Badwi
authors.forename: S E I
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000633:toxicity; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D032105:Ruta / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008903:Minerals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase