title: Association of renal injury with nitric oxide deficiency in aged SHR: prevention by hypertension control with AT1 blockade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develop end-stage renal disease resembling that of uncontrolled essential hypertension in humans. Nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II (Ang II) play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and the growth of vascular smooth muscle and renal mesangial cells. The relationship between renal NO system, Ang II activity and renal injury in aged SHR is not fully understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 8-week-old SHR were randomized into losartan-treated (30 mg/kg/day for 55 weeks) and vehicle treated groups. The age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) served as controls. Renal histology and tissue expressions of endothelial and inducible NO synthases (eNOS and iNOS) and nitrotyrosine were examined at 63-weeks of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the WKY group, untreated SHR showed severe hypertension, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, a twofold decrease in renal tissue eNOS and iNOS expressions and massive nitrotyrosine accumulation. This was associated with severe glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Losartan therapy normalized blood pressure, prevented proteinuria and renal insufficiency, abrogated the fall in renal eNOS and iNOS protein contents, mitigated renal nitrotyrosine accumulation, and prevented the histological abnormalities found in the untreated SHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aged SHR exhibit severe renal lesions with acquired NO deficiency that are prevented by hypertension control with AT1 blockade. These findings point to the possible role of NO deficiency in the pathogenesis of renal lesions in aged SHR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9073, USA. Joseph.zhou@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Xin Joseph
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Nosratola D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiu Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000172:deficiency*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D019808:Losartan