title: Simulated Zenker's endoscopic staple-assisted esophagodiverticulostomy (ESED) surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The process of learning new surgical procedures remains a challenge in otolaryngology-head and neck (OHN) surgery. Endoscopic surgery for Zenker's diverticulum presents a dilemma mandating simulated surgery because there is no animal model or cadaver situation resembling the pathologic condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The author has developed an inexpensive model for ESED using a utility latex glove to provide a simulated pharynx with a Zenker's diverticula.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the thumb and index finger are isolated with a staple line and a rubber band is placed around the long and ring fingers to simulate the cricopharyngeus muscle. The long finger, which will act as the larynx, is cannulated with a noncompressible endotracheal tube. The ring finger then simulates the esophagus and the little finger, the Zenker's diverticular pouch. The glove and the endotracheal tube are positioned inside a 1-ft length of 3-in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. A bivalving laryngoscope is suspended to visualize the "postcricoid area" and the parting wall. The rubber band pulls the inferior aspect of the "esophagus" up against the "larynx," simulating the tight cricopharyngeal segment. Using video-telescopic control, the endoscopic stapler is used in the standard fashion as described for ESED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This model provides an opportunity for OHN surgeons to become familiar with endoscopic stapling and suturing devices, and experience the difficulty of using long telescopes, suspension laryngoscopes, and staplers in a confined area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Part of the experience of endoscopic surgery of the pharynx can be gained through an inexpensive simulation of a Zenker's diverticulum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York 13326, U.S.A. william.richtmeier@bassett.org
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Richtsmeier
mesh_terms: D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013528:Surgical Staplers; D016672:Zenker Diverticulum / Q000601:surgery*