title: Antenatal vitamin A supplementation increases birth weight and decreases anemia among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Malawi.
abstract: Vitamin A is essential for immunity and growth. A controlled clinical that involved 697 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women was conducted to determine whether vitamin A prevents anemia, low birth weight, growth failure, HIV transmission, and mortality. Women received daily doses of iron and folate, either alone or combined with vitamin A (3 mg retinol equivalent), from 18-28 weeks' gestation until delivery. In the vitamin A and control groups, respectively, the mean (+/-SE) birth weights were 2895+/-31 g and 2805+/-32 g (P=.05), the proportions of low-birth-weight infants were 14.0% and 21.1% (P=.03), the proportions of anemic infants at 6 weeks postpartum were 23.4% and 40.6% (P<.001), and the respective cumulative proportions of infants who were HIV infected at 6 weeks and 24 months of age were 26.6% and 27.8% (P=.76) and 27.7% and 32.8% (P=.21). Receipt of vitamin A improved birth weight and neonatal growth and reduced anemia, but it did not affect perinatal HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Newton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumwenda
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Miotti
authors.forename: Taha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broadhead
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Biggar
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melikian
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A