title: Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin to the brine shrimp Artemia salina: comparisons with protein synthesis inhibitors and microcystins.
abstract: The Artemia salina bioassay was successfully applied to the analysis of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterial alkaloid and protein synthesis inhibitor, cylindrospermopsin. A dose-dependent response in mortality was observed for purified cylindrospermopsin and LC(50) values decreased with time from 8.1 to 0.71 microg/ml(-1), between 24 and 72 h, respectively. Cylindrospermopsin was slightly less potent than micro cystin-LR, with similar LC(50) values on a gravimetric basis, but was more toxic to A.salina than the protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Cylindrospermopsin-containing strains of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were found to be toxic to A.salina and the LC(50) concentration for these strains over time was greater than the LC(50) for purified cylindrospermopsin, with the exception of C. raciborskii strain CR1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Birmingham
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Saker
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Törökné
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Codd
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000502:physiology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; C057862:cyanoginosin LR