title: Bilateral nephrectomy delays gastric emptying of a liquid meal in awake rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effect of bilateral nephrectomy on the gastric emptying of a liquid meal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats were submitted under anesthesia to cervical vessels cannulation and bilateral lumbar incision, followed or not by nephrectomy. Next day, they were gavage fed (1.5 mL) with phenol red (0.5gmL(-1)) in 5% glucose solution and sacrificed 0,10, 20,30 or 45 min later. A blood sample was obtained for biochemical analysis while gastric dye retention was determined by spectrophotometry. Data (mean +/- SEM) were compared by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying values from nephrectomy group at 10,20,30 and 45 min were lower (P < 0.05) than those of sham-operated animals (22.0 +/- 4.0 vs. 38.9 +/- 6.1%, 34.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 66.9 +/- 1.3%, 45.5 +/- 6.1 vs. 64.9 +/- 5.4% and 59.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 81.5 +/- 4.0%, respectively). Mean arterial pressure, blood volume, serum osmolarity, urea, creatinine and potassium values were higher (P < 0.05) in nephrectomy group than in sham-operated animals (143.3 +/- 2.7 vs. 100.5 +/- 4.1 mmHg, 15.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.1 mL 100 g(-1), 344.0 +/- 10.8 vs. 299.4 +/- 1.3 mOsm KgH2O(-1), 344.0 +/- 33.7 vs. 47.0 +/- 2.8mg dL(-1), 3.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1 mg dL(-1), 6.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.2 mEq L(-1), respectively). The plasmatic Na+ values did not change (139.3 +/- 2.0 in sham-operation vs. 123.0 +/- 7.5 mEq L(-1) in nephrectomy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute loss of kidney function markedly delays the gastric emptying rates, which could be involved in gastrointestinal dysmotility complaints seen after renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana P T
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Caio C F
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Francisco A A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gondim
authors.forename: Raquel P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lacerda
authors.forename: José R V
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.forename: Francisco H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Rola
authors.forename: Armenio A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010919:Placebos; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010919:Placebos