title: Immunohistochemical staining of IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins-1 and -3, and transforming growth factor beta-3 in the umbilical cords of preeclamptic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To detect the immunoreactivity of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins-1 and -3 and transforming growth factor beta-3 in the umbilical cords of normal and preeclamptic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical cords were obtained from 15 normal and 15 preeclamptic patients. Immunoreactivities were determined using either indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase techniques on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Staining intensity was graded by a semiquantitative scoring method. The results were compared by Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The umbilical cords were thinner and the vessels were hypoplastic in the preeclamptic group. Moderate staining intensity for insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and -3 and transforming growth factor-beta 3 was observed in normal patients. The preeclamptic group had mild and strong intensities for insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, respectively, and intensity for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 did not change, but diffuse and increased intensity was observed for transforming growth factor-beta 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in the intensity of insulin-like growth factor-I and its major binding protein and the transformation of growth factor-beta 3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by altering the structure and responsiveness of the umbilical cord.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. sevincinan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vatansever
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kuscu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laçin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I