title: Infliximab treatment in combination with cyclosporin A in patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether infliximab can be used in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who cannot tolerate methotrexate (MTX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with refractory RA receiving low dose CsA (2 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (5 mg/day) were treated with intravenous infliximab. The patients were given infliximab (3 mg/kg weight) at 0, two, six, and every eight weeks thereafter for a total period of 12 months. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty per cent of patients receiving the combination treatment with CsA and infliximab achieved the 20% ACR criteria for response to treatment, whereas 39% satisfied the 50% response criteria. In addition, a 76% reduction in swollen and tender joint count was found. Finally, a reduction in C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was maintained throughout the study. In general, treatment was well tolerated, with minimal adverse drug reactions. Two patients dropped out; one because of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction and the other because of the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple infusions of infliximab and low doses of CsA improve patients with refractory RA. It seems that CsA may be an alternative disease modifying drug to be used in combination with infliximab in patients with refractory RA who cannot tolerate MTX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Temekonidis
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alamanos
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bougias
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Voulgari
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Drosos
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000069285:Infliximab