title: Overexpression of p28/gankyrin in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of p28/gankyrin gene and its role in the carcinogenetic process of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  64 specimens of HCC and para-carcinoma tissues, 22 specimens of non-tumor liver tissues (7 normal, 15 cirrhosis), 10 specimens of normal human tissues and 5 hepatoma cell lines were studied for the expression of p28/gankyrin by Northern blot. The expression of p28/gankyrin protein was detected immunohistochemically by using the specific polyclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of p28/gankyrin mRNA was intensively distributed in brain and heart, weakly in lung, spleen and muscle, undetectable in digestive system including liver, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestines. p28/gankyrin mRNA was absent in normal liver, weakly detected in liver cirrhosis and in 18 of 64 para-carcinoma liver tissues. In contrast, the expression of p28/gankyrin mRNA was intensively detected in all 5 hepatoma cell lines tested, markedly increased in 57 of 64 and moderately increased in 5 of 64 HCC samples. In comparison with liver cirrhosis and para-carcinoma liver tissues, the average expression of p28/gankyrin mRNA in HCC was increased 3.6- (2.901+/-0.507 vs 0.805+/-0.252, P<0.05) and 5.2-fold (2.901+/-0.507 vs 0.557+/-0.203, P<0.01), respectively. In addition, p28/gankyrin mRNA expression level was higher in HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus and microscopic hepatic vein involvement (P=0.021 and P=0.047, respectively). The overexpression of p28/gankyrin protein in HCC was targeted in hepatic tumor cells, not in bile duct cells and other interstitial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of p28/gankyrin in HCC plays an important role and contributes to the metastasis potential in the process of carcinogenesis. p28/gankyrin may become a specific biological tissue marker for the pathological diagnosis of HCC.
authors.affiliation: International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Second Military Medical University, 200438, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Hong-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Shu-Qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Meng-Chao
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C403591:PSMD10 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex