title: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotypes and HLA haplotypes in Japanese patients with esophageal cancer.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine how aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) genotypes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes contribute to the risk for esophageal cancer. We examined ALDH2 genotypes and HLA haplotypes in 29 Japanese patients with esophageal cancer. The ratio of patients who experienced current or former intense vasodilatation upon consuming alcohol (flushing type) was much higher in individuals with the inactive form of ALDH2 encoded by the ALDH2(2)/2(2) or ALDH2(1)/2(2) genotype than in those with the active form of ALDH2 encoded by the ALDH2(1)/2(1) genotype. The ratio of inactive ALDH2 was significantly higher in patients with esophageal cancer than in control normal subjects, suggesting that alcoholics with inactive ALDH2 were susceptible to esophageal cancer. HLA haplotypes A24, A26, B54, B61 and DR9 were prevalent in patients with esophageal cancer (82.8, 24.1, 34.5, 37.9 and 44.8%, respectively). HLA haplotype of A24 and inactive ALDH2 were simultaneously found in 58.6% of patients with esophageal cancer. Furthermore, we found other primary malignancies in 6 of 29 (20.7%) patients with esophageal cancer, and 4 of these 6 patients had both the inactive form of ALDH2 and the HLA A24 haplotype. The present study showed the high prevalence of the inactive form of ALDH2 and HLA haplotypes A24, A26, B54, B61 and DR9 in Japanese patients with esophageal cancer. Therefore, the examination of genotypes of ALDH2 loci and HLA haplotypes may allow the early detection of esophageal cancer in the Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Seishiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kinekawa
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokohchi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murota
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Touge
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Syuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000483:Alleles; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000150:complications; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial