title: Myocardial collagen type I and impaired left ventricular function under exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transaortic subvalvular myectomy (TSM) reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradient and improves symptoms and working capacity in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Nevertheless, TSM does not completely restore normal ventricular function, and some patients complain of symptoms despite optimal surgical results. Abnormal myocardial collagen structure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy might be an indicator of impaired cardiac function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with HOCM were investigated. Myocytic diameter, collagen volume fraction and light absorbance of immunohistochemically stained collagen subtype I and its product (Coll I(prod)) were measured quantitatively in myectomy specimens. Patients underwent symptom-limited bicycle exercise testing with equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography to determine ejection fraction (EF). Right heart catheterization was performed simultaneously in order to measure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) as a parameter of global ventricular diastolic filling and cardiac index (CI) as a parameter of functional capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperatively, CI increased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 to 5.7 +/- 1.3 l/min/m(2) under exercise. EF was normal at rest (64 +/- 9 %) but did not increase significantly under exercise (66 +/- 14 %). Coll I(prod) (13.62 +/- 7.35 Vv%(prod)) correlated inversely with EF under exercise (r = -0.64; p = 0.05). PCWP increased under exercise from 8 +/- 2 mmHg at rest to 22 +/- 9 mmHg (p = 0.01). Coll I(prod) correlated with PCWP under exercise (r = 0.90; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased collagen subtype I is a predictor of diastolic as well as systolic dysfunction under exercise in patients with HCM after successful TSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmology and Angiology, Medical School of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mundhenke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartzkopff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Strauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I