title: Expression of molecular marker genes in various types of normal tissue: implication for detection of micrometastases.
abstract: Many researchers have investigated the expressions of candidates for a suitable reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) marker. But typically biomarkers often have false-positive results. We assessed whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) could be detected in 28 different types of normal human sources. Using RT-nested PCR assay, EGFR mRNA was also detected in various types of normal tissue, including pancreas, prostate and uterus. CEA was detected in various types of normal tissue, including prostate, uterus, bladder and spleen. PSM mRNA was also detected in various types of normal tissue, including kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, spleen, bladder and ovary. We report here that the expression of these biomarkers in normal cells might have induced false-positives, and that further enhancement of sensitivity might compromise specificity. Conversely, these biomarkers can be utilized for attempts to define micrometastases in various types of tumors whose cells express these tissue-specific genes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics, SRL, Inc., Shin-machi Hino, Tokyo 191-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hikiji
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanamaru
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000097:blood; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005819:Genetic Markers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II