title: Selective loss of an oscillatory component from temporal retinal multifocal ERG responses in glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate electrophysiologic function in glaucoma by using a new stimulus designed to enhance ganglion cell and optic nerve head component (ONHC) contributions to multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  mfERGs of 16 individuals with glaucoma (POAG) and 18 normal control subjects were recorded and analyzed with a VER imaging system. The stimulus had three frames inserted between each m-sequence step: a full-field dark frame (1.0 cd/m(2)), a full-field flash (200 cd/m(2)), and another dark frame. Multifocal flashes were 100 cd/m(2). The stimulus subtended approximately 40 degrees total diameter and contained 103 scaled hexagonal elements. Signals were obtained using Burian-Allen bipolar electrodes, amplified x10(6), band-pass filtered at 10 to 300 Hz, and sampled at 1200 Hz.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local first-order responses (kernels) consisted of a direct component (DC) followed by an induced component (IC). Nasal-temporal response asymmetries in normal eyes were most easily observed in the IC. A small but distinct oscillation in the ICs of temporal retinal responses distinguished them from nasal IC waveforms. In individuals with glaucoma, there was less asymmetry between nasal and temporal responses, mostly because of the reduction of the oscillation in the temporal retinal ICs. The amplitude of this oscillation was 4.4 +/- 2.1 nV/deg(2) in the control group and 1.8 +/- 1.2 nV/deg(2) in the glaucoma group (P < 0.0001). Amplitude and latency measures of other response features were not significantly different from normal. Amplitude of the IC oscillation was not correlated with age in either the normal or glaucoma groups. In a group of normal subjects retested 3 months later, the average test-retest repeatability was +/-12%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective loss of an oscillatory feature from IC responses in glaucoma may represent abnormalities in the inner plexiform layer of the temporal retina, where classic oscillatory potentials (OPs) are thought to arise. However, evidence suggests that this effect may also be due in part to loss of the ONHC.
authors.affiliation: Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon 97232, USA. bfortune@discoveriesinsight.org
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Marcus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bearse
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004596:Electroretinography; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000502:physiology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology