title: Long-term efficacy of triple oral therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the status of 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus approximately 3 years after the initiation of triple oral antidiabetic therapy--with a sulfonylurea, metformin, and a thiazolidinedione.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study patients were assessed for the need for the addition of insulin, and follow-up clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 18 to 45), 26 (74%) of 35 patients (group A) had well-controlled blood glucose levels on triple oral therapy, with a mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 6.9 +/- 0.3% (upper limit of normal, 6.5%). In the nine other patients (group B), triple oral therapy failed and the use of insulin was necessary after a mean duration of 30 months (range, 18 to 42); the mean HbA1c in these patients was 8.8 +/- 0.5%. Both group A and B gained similar amounts of weight during the study period (14.2 +/- 2.1 lb versus 11.6 +/- 3.8 lb, respectively; P = 0.54). A search for potential predictors of success or failure revealed that both groups had similar baseline characteristics, including age, duration of diabetes, weight, body mass index, HbA1c, and baseline stimulated C-peptide levels, and none of these factors demonstrated a significant correlation with the response to therapy. The only difference found between the two groups was a significant increase in the stimulated C-peptide levels (from 3.6 +/- 0.9 ng/mL to 5.2 +/- 1.1 ng/mL; P = 0.002) during follow-up in the group that had good glycemic control with triple oral therapy, in comparison with a nonsignificant increase (from 3.7 +/- 0.8 ng/mL to 4.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL; P = 0.46) in the group that failed to maintain glycemic control on triple oral therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple oral antidiabetic therapy is an effective long-term treatment for a substantial proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes who initially achieve glycemic control with triple oral therapy, particularly those in whom production of endogenous insulin is increased when a thiazolidinedione is added.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
authors.forename: David S H
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ovalle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione