title: Surgery for apical vaginal prolapse.
abstract: There has been a trend toward site-specific defect repairs in surgery for vaginal apex prolapse and enterocele. These surgical procedures may be performed by abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic routes. Technologic advances have also contributed to the evolution of pelvic reconstructive procedures. The uterosacral vaginal vault suspension and laparoscopic sacral colpopexy are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Department of OBGYN and the Urological Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. paraism@ccf.org
authors.forename: Marie Fidela R
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paraiso
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*