Mermin-ho vortex in ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.
The Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse coreless vortices are demonstrated to be thermodynamically stable in ferromagnetic F = 1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation. We have carried out extensive calculations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations by assuming uniform density along the z axis and comparing the energies of other competing non-axis-symmetric or singular vortices. The phase diagram is thereby established in a plane of the rotation drive vs the total magnetization. Their stability is also checked by calculating collective modes based on the Bogoliubov equations.
Mizushima
T
T
Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Machida
K
K
Kita
T
T