title: Dopexamine attenuates microvascular perfusion injury of the small bowel in pigs induced by extracorporeal circulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardio-thoracic surgery with the use of extracorporeal circulation may lead to an impairment of splanchnic perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dopexamine on gastrointestinal microvascular perfusion failure due to extracorporeal circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty landrace pigs served as laboratory animals. A loop of the terminal ileum was exteriorized for microscopic observation. In 13 animals a partial left-heart bypass (pLHB), with a non-pulsatile pump flow of approximately 50% of the cardiac output, was established for 2 h. Seven animals received a continuous i.v. infusion of 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1 dopexamine from the beginning of pLHB to the end of the experiment. Seven sham-operated animals served as controls. The microcirculatory network was analysed by means of intra-vital microscopy prior to, during pLHB, and 2 h after bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite normal haemodynamics measured by arterial pressure and cardiac output, pLHB led to significant impairment of microvascular perfusion characterized by arteriolar vasoconstriction, reduction of functional capillary density (FCD) to 30% 2 h after weaning off bypass and diminished blood-cell velocities in submucous venules. Dopexamine attenuated this perfusion impairment, preventing arteriolar vasoconstriction. FCD remained normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that treatment with the vasoactive drug dopexamine leads to a significant reduction of the perfusion injury of the small bowel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: F U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reidenbach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schledt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dollner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007082:Ileum / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C046318:dopexamine; D004298:Dopamine