title: Frequency specificity of cochlear damage in acute electrical injury: a longitudinal distortion product otoacoustic emission study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand cochlear dysfunction and the recovery pattern of the cochlea after acute electrical injury.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The cochlea is believed to be more vulnerable to direct current than to alternating current. However, the damage-and frequency-specific recovery characteristics of the cochlea have not been well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements were taken via transtympanic electrodes from 19 guinea pigs. A 20-Hz alternating current and a positive direct current, both at a 1,000-microA intensity, were applied to 9 and 10 animals, respectively. The measurements were repeated immediately after the application of current and after 10 days. Comparisons were made for both groups individually in signal-to-noise ratios obtained before and immediately after, immediately and 10 days after, and before and 10 days after the application of electrical current.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alternating and direct currents caused a significant depression in signal-to-noise ratio immediately after the application. However, 10 days later, the mean signal-to-noise ratio in the animals subjected to alternating current came significantly close to the baseline value, particularly between the frequencies of 2,211 and 3,717 Hz. By contrast, the mean signal-to-noise ratio in the animals subjected to direct current remained significantly depressed throughout all frequencies except for 2,211 Hz.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements enabled cochlear function to be monitored in a frequency-specific manner after electrical injury. The functional damages were quantitatively close to each other for both types of currents at a given intensity. Nevertheless, recovery was more apparent in the animals exposed to alternating current than in those exposed to direct current. Recovery was also better in the midfrequency region than in higher frequencies. It is hypothesized that the reason for the difference in recovery in both groups was the net charge left by direct current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, 06010 Etlik-Ankara, Turkey. bsatar@ixir.com
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satar
authors.forename: Derya U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Talas
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: Yalçin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozkaptan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004556:Electric Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D010469:Perceptual Distortion