title: Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine the effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy-protein foods on both lipid and nonlipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women participated in a study with three 1-mo diets: a low-fat dairy food control diet and high- (50 g soy protein and 73 mg isoflavones daily) and low- (52 g soy protein and 10 mg isoflavones daily) isoflavone soyfood diets. All 3 diets were very low in saturated fat (< 5% of energy) and cholesterol (< 50 mg/d). Fasting blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured at the start and end of each diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were seen between the high- and low-isoflavone soy diets. Compared with the control diet, however, both soy diets resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol, estimated CAD risk, and ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, LDL to HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B to A-I. No significant sex differences were observed, except for systolic blood pressure, which in men was significantly lower after the soy diets than after the control diet. On the basis of blood lipid and blood pressure changes, the calculated CAD risk was significantly lower with the soy diets, by 10.1 +/- 2.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substitution of soyfoods for animal products, regardless of isoflavone concentration, reduces the CAD risk because of both modest reductions in blood lipids and reductions in oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: David J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Cyril W C
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Chung-Ja C
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vidgen
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Josse
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D008055:Lipids; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol