title: Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection induces upregulation of interleukin-23 (p19) mRNA expression in trigeminal ganglia of BALB/c mice.
abstract: We investigated the expression kinetics of several cytokines in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and in brains of BALB/c mice during the course of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. All mice recovered from the infection within 2 weeks. The quantitative rapid real-time RT-PCR method was used to analyze interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and the recently described IL-23 (p19) mRNA in TG, brain, and splenocyte samples. In TG, we found elevated expression of mRNA for IL-23 (p19) from early acute infection (day 3) to the beginning of the latent phase (day 14). The increase was not detected in brain or in the spleen. IL-4 expression occurred in both TG and brain from the beginning of the experiment to the latent phase. During the latent phase (days 14 and 31), IL-4 expression was significantly elevated in the brain when compared with the uninfected controls (p < 0.05). Considerable expression of IFN-gamma mRNA was detected in TG of mice during acute HSV-1 infection. The expression of IL-23 was detected also in the brains of the mice, even though no significant changes were found during the acute HSV-1 infection. This is, to our knowledge, the first report to show elevated expression of IL-23 (p19) mRNA (p < 0.05) during viral infection in TG of mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, the MediCity Research Laboratory, and the Turku Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. eeva.broberg@utu.fi
authors.forename: Eeva K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Setälä
authors.forename: Juha-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Erälinna
authors.forename: Aimo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röyttä
authors.forename: Veijo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hukkanen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D053759:Interleukin-23; D053760:Interleukin-23 Subunit p19; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C508841:Il23a protein, mouse; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D053759:Interleukin-23; D053760:Interleukin-23 Subunit p19; D007378:Interleukins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma