title: Which sorts of pharmacies provide more patient counselling?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper investigates the characteristics of pharmacies that are associated with the degree of counselling provided to customers purchasing medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve 'mystery shoppers' (research assistants posing as normal customers) purchased restricted medicines at 180 pharmacies around New Zealand. One drug (diclofenac) and one class of drugs (vaginal antifungals) were purchased. The amount of counselling provided was recorded, and linked to profile data on the pharmacies, obtained through a questionnaire, from Census data, and from direct observations of pharmacies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Location within a city, a large town, or strip shopping did not affect the level of counselling pharmacies provided. Pharmacies adjacent to medical centres gave significantly less counselling to diclofenac purchasers than other pharmacies. No consistent relationship was found between pharmacy size and the level of counselling provided. There were large differences between areas of the country. A strong negative relationship was found between the amount of counselling given about thrush, and the proportion of Pacific Island people in the population around the pharmacy. Although only some results reached statistical significance, there seems to have been a similar trend for pharmacies to provide less counselling in areas with more Maori people and with higher levels of social deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regional variation in the provision of pharmacy services, and in particular the tendency for pharmacies to provide less counselling in areas that are likely to have higher health care needs, must be addressed if pharmacies are to fulfil their potential as health care providers.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires