title: Spatial and temporal changes of TBT pollution along the Portuguese coast: inefficacy of the EEC directive 89/677.
abstract: Nucella lapillus imposex (superimposition of male characters onto prosobranch females) and organotin body burden were surveyed in the Portuguese coast in 1997 and 2000. Time comparisons of the available data on Nucella lapillus imposex in the Portuguese coast indicate a global increase of TBT pollution in recent years, revealing the inefficacy of the 1993 legislation that bans the use of TBT paints on small boats (<25 m). The absence or scarcity of the species inside harbours, which are the most polluted sites in Portugal, is probably a consequence of extinction due to female sterilisation by TBT.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal. cmiguez@bio.ua.pt
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D008297:Male; D010150:Paint; D011174:Portugal; D012016:Reference Values; D012767:Ships; D012908:Snails / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin