title: Effects of concurrent endurance and strength training on running economy and .VO(2) kinetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that endurance training influences the running economy (CR) and the oxygen uptake (.VO(2)) kinetics in heavy exercise by accelerating the primary phase and attenuating the .VO(2) slow component. However, the effects of heavy weight training (HWT) in combination with endurance training remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a concurrent HWT+endurance training on CR and the .VO(2) kinetics in endurance athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen triathletes were assigned to endurance+strength (ES) or endurance-only (E) training for 14 wk. The training program was similar, except ES performed two HWT sessions a week. Before and after the training period, the subjects performed 1) an incremental field running test for determination of .VO(2max) and the velocity associated (V(.VO2max)), the second ventilatory threshold (VT(2)); 2) a 3000-m run at constant velocity, calculated to require 25% of the difference between .VO(2max) and VT(2), to determine CR and the characteristics of the VO(2) kinetics; 3) maximal hopping tests to determine maximal mechanical power and lower-limb stiffness; 4) maximal concentric lower-limb strength measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the training period, maximal strength were increased (P < 0.01) in ES but remained unchanged in E. Hopping power decreased in E (P < 0.05). After training, economy (P < 0.05) and hopping power (P < 0.001) were greater in ES than in E. .VO(2max), leg hopping stiffness and the .VO(2) kinetics were not significantly affected by training either in ES or E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional HWT led to improved maximal strength and running economy with no significant effects on the .VO(2) kinetics pattern in heavy exercise.
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Montpellier 1, 700 Avenue Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France. g.millet@staps.univ-montp1.fr
authors.forename: Gregoire P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaouen
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrani
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Candau
mesh_terms: D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric