A comparison in hospitalization rates between a community-based mobile emergency service and a hospital-based emergency service.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to compare the rates of inpatient admission between a mobile community-based psychiatric emergency service and a hospital-based psychiatric emergency service, and to identify the clinical characteristics of consumers more likely to be admitted to hospital.


METHODS
A retrospective, quasi-experimental design was used with a 3-month cohort of all face-to-face emergency service contacts presenting at the mobile and hospital-based sites. The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales and details of the outcome following initial assessment were completed for all contacts, and each group was compared for differences in clinical characteristics and outcome.


RESULTS
Hospital-based emergency service contacts were found to be more than three times as likely to be admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit when compared with those using a mobile community-based emergency service, regardless of their clinical characteristics. Those with severe mental health disorders such as schizophrenia and major affective disorder, and experiencing problems with aggression, non-accidental self-injury, hallucinations and delusions, problems with occupation, activities of daily living, and living conditions were more likely to be admitted to hospital. Nevertheless, after controlling for clinical characteristics, site of initial assessment accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in decisions to admit to hospital.


CONCLUSIONS
Emergency psychiatric services which include a mobile component and provide a specialized multidisciplinary team approach appear to be most effective in providing services in the least restrictive environment and avoiding hospitalization.
Hugo
Malcolm
M
91 John Street, Salisbury 5108, South Australia, Australia. malcolm.hugo@nwahs.sa.gov.au
Smout
Matthew
M
Bannister
John
J
D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008952:Mobile Health Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology