title: Differential effects of cyclin-dependent kinase blockers upon cell death in the developing retina.
abstract: Pharmacological blockers of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) can inhibit cell cycle progression. Deferoxamine (DFO) and mimosine (MIMO) arrest cells reversibly at the G1/S transition and olomoucine (OLO) inhibits the cell cycle at both G1/S and G2/M. We investigated the effect of these drugs upon cell death in histotypical explants taken from the retina of neonatal rats. Degeneration of retinal ganglions cells (RGC) induced by axotomy was inhibited by OLO (100 microM) but not by DFO (up to 2 mM) or MIMO (up to 1 mM). On the other hand, after 1 day in vitro, all cell cycle inhibitors induced cell death in the neuroblastic layer (NBL) of the explants. DFO and MIMO induced cell death only of proliferating cells, identified either by their incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine or by immunolabeling the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In turn, OLO induced cell death of both proliferating and post-mitotic cells. However, the post-mitotic cells were unlabeled with markers of retinal differentiation. Our results indicate that cyclin-dependent kinases are involved in the control of sensitivity to cell death in the retina, and that retinal cells present differentiation-dependent responses to modulation of CDK activity.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biofisica da UFRJ, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco G, Cidade Universitaria, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Stevens K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rehen
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.forename: Lucianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fragel-Madeira
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linden
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D019771:Axotomy; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002452:Cell Count; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D005576:Colforsin; D000841:Anisomycin; D004247:DNA; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine