title: What is the impact of coexistence of hepatolithiasis on cholangiocarcinoma?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatolithiasis is a well-known etiology of cholangiocarcinoma. However, whether or not hepatolithiasis influences the presentation of cholangiocarcinoma is not very clear. To help clarify this, we conducted the present study to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma with hepatolithiasis. As well, we made a comparison between the presence and absence of hepatolithiasis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma to determine the impact of hepatolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 140 patients with histologically proven cholangiocarcinoma at the Taichung Veteran General Hospital between October 1982 and December 2000, 38 were found to have concomitant hepatolithiasis. Patients were evaluated on the basis of age, gender, presenting symptom, laboratory data, preoperative liver function (indocyanine green test), tumor markers, histological differentiation, lymph node involvement, and organ metastasis. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-squared test and Student's t-test. Analysis of survival was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate analysis and multivariate analyses for survival were performed by Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cholangiocarcinoma with hepatolithiasis group (CC + HL) was found to be predominantly female, with more common presentation of fever and less presentation of jaundice (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with cholangiocarcinoma without hepatolithiasis (CC - HL group) had higher serum bilirubin levels and more advanced histological differentiation (P < 0.05). As well, the percentage of resectability of the CC + HL group was higher than that of the CC - HL group, although it was not statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival showed that those patients with an age older than 65 years, hypoalbuminemia, poor histological differentiation, and a presence of hepatolithiasis were prone to a graver prognosis, albeit none of them were statistically significant. Resectability was the only independent predictor of a favorable prognosis with significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinicopathological features of cholangiocarcinoma with concomitant hepatolithiasis showed few differences from that without hepatolithiasis. Resectability was the only predictor that favored a good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chun-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gran-Hum
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis