title: Caffeine induces dopamine and glutamate release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens.
abstract: An increase in the extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is believed to be one of the main mechanisms involved in the rewarding and motor-activating properties of psychostimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine. Using in vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats, we demonstrate that systemic administration of behaviorally relevant doses of caffeine can preferentially increase extracellular levels of dopamine and glutamate in the shell of the NAc. These effects could be reproduced by the administration of a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist but not by a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. This suggests that caffeine, because of its ability to block adenosine A1 receptors, shares neurochemical properties with other psychostimulants, which could contribute to the widespread consumption of caffeine-containing beverages.
authors.affiliation: Section of Preclinical Pharmacology, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solinas
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.forename: Zhi-Bing
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karcz-Kubicha
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popoli
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C098657:5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D014230:Triazoles; C053907:8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine; D002110:Caffeine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013806:Theophylline; D004298:Dopamine