title: [Individually CAD-CAM technique designed, bioresorbable 3-dimensional polycaprolactone framework for experimental reconstruction of craniofacial defects in the pig].
abstract: METHODS
  Twenty orbital defects (2 x 2 cm) were created in ten adult Yorkshire pigs. Two software products (Velocity and Mimix) were evaluated with regard to image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, and fabrication of individually shaped polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds to reconstruct these defects. Four different techniques were tested for the reconstruction: group 1 = no reconstruction, group 2 = polylactide sheet, group 3 = PCL scaffold, group 4 = bone marrow-coated PCL scaffold. The pigs were sacrificed at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 1 soft tissue scar formation could be found, but without any new bone. Group 2 showed a thick fibrous capsule around the PLLA sheet, whereas at the border zone of the defect signs of new bone formation could be detected. In group 3 the PCL scaffolds were filled with fibrous tissue and some areas that showed new bone formation (6.4% of the area of the defect). In group 4 the new bone formation (17.8% of the area of the defect) was significantly higher in quantity than in group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCL scaffold coated with bone marrow seems to be a material that effectively provides osteoinduction with formation of new bone. Long-term results at 12 months are still pending.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. dennisrohner@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rohner
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hutmacher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yeow
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hammer
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D017076:Computer-Aided Design / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011091:Polyesters; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; C016240:polycaprolactone