title: Animal versus plant protein meals in individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: effects on renal, glycemic, and lipid parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, for individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, the effects of 6 weeks of meals containing plant-based protein (PP) versus meals with predominantly animal-based protein (AP) on renal function and secondarily on glycemia, lipid levels, and blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized crossover trial, we compared 6 weeks of meals containing only PP with meals containing primarily AP (60% animal, 40% plant) in 17 subjects with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents. Protein content was equivalent to the average American diet, and calories provided weight maintenance. Nutrients were equivalent between the two diets. Meals were prepared and packaged by a metabolic kitchen staff and were sent home weekly. At the beginning and end of each 6-week period, subjects were studied for 36 h on a metabolic unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between diets for glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, albumin excretion rate, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride area under the curve (AUC), glucose and insulin AUC, HbA(1c,) blood pressure, or serum amino acids. For both diets, at the end of the treatment periods as compared with baseline, total cholesterol was significantly lower (PP and AP: from 4.75 to 4.34 mmol/l, P < 0.01), HbA(1c) had significantly improved (PP: from 8.1 to 7.5%, P < 0.01; AP: from 7.9 to 7.4%, P < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower (PP: from 83 to 80 mmHg, P < 0.02; AP: from 82 to 78, P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no clear advantage for the recommendation of diets containing only PP rather than diets containing protein that is primarily animal-based for individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. There are, however, potential lipid, glycemic, and blood pressure benefits for following a carefully constructed, weight-maintaining, healthy diet, regardless of protein source.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research and Training Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. mlwheele@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Madelyn L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: S Edwin
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fineberg
authors.forename: Naomi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Fineberg
authors.forename: Reid G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Laurie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hackward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D000818:Animals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012079:Renal Circulation
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins