title: Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): a statistical review of the literature.
abstract: Crisis intervention has emerged over the last 50 years as a proven method for the provision of urgent psychological support in the wake of a critical incident or traumatic event. The history of crisis intervention is replete with singular, time-limited interventions. As crisis intervention has evolved, more sophisticated multicomponent crisis intervention systems have emerged. As they have appeared in the extant empirically-based literature, their results have proven promising. A previously published paper narratively reviewed the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model of multicomponent crisis intervention. The purpose of this paper was to offer a statistical review of CISM as an integrated multicomponent crisis intervention system. Using the methodology of meta-analysis, a review of eight CISM investigations revealed a Cohen's d of 3.11. A fail-safe number of 792 was similarly obtained.
authors.affiliation: Loyola College, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Everly
authors.forename: Raymond B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Eyler
mesh_terms: D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control