title: Systematic assessment of the quality of osteoporosis guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous agencies have developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The study objective was to conduct a systematic assessment of the quality of osteoporosis guidelines produced since 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guidelines were identified by searching MEDLINE (1998+), the world wide web, known guideline developer websites, bibliographies of retrieved guidelines, and through consultation with content experts. Each guideline was then assessed by three independent appraisers using the 'Appraisal Instrument for Clinical Guidelines' (version 1) by Cluzeau.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 26 unique guidelines from 1998-2001 and 21 met our inclusion criteria. Of the 21 guidelines reviewed, 8 were developed by medical societies, 6 by national groups, 6 by government agencies, and 1 by an international group. Twelve of the guidelines were published, 7 were organizational reports, and 2 were accessible only from the web. Half or more of the 20 items assessing the rigor of guideline development were met by 15% (median quality score 23%, range 5-80%, (95% CI 16.5, 34.7)), 81% met at least half of the 12 items assessing guideline content and context (median score 58%, range 17-83%, (95% CI 50.8, 65.5)), and none met half or more of the items assessing guideline application (median score 0%, range 0-47%, (95% CI -0.5 to 12.6)). Eight guidelines described the method used to assess the strength of evidence, and in 6 there was an explicit link between recommendations and the supporting evidence. Ten guidelines were judged not suitable for use in practice, 10 were acceptable with modification, and one was acceptable for use without modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodological quality of current osteoporosis guidelines is low, although their scores for clinical content were higher. Virtually no guidelines covered dissemination issues. Few guidelines were judged as acceptable for use in their current format.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. cranneya@kgh.kari.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cranney
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waldegger
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Man-Son-Hing
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Byszewski
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ooi