title: The effect of walking before and after breakfast on blood glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with intensive insulin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of walking at different timing on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included six non-obese patients treated with intensive insulin therapy. The blood glucose profile was determined with and without walking for 30 min before (ExBM) or after (ExAM) breakfast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean blood glucose values at 07:00 h in the control, ExBM, and ExAM were 9.0, 8.0, 8.8 mM, respectively. Glucose levels gradually increased after meals up to 13.6, 15.0, and 15.3 mM, respectively, at 09:00 h (0.5 h after meals). At 09:30 h, glucose levels significantly fell to 11.0 mM during walking in the ExAM (P=0.039 vs 09:00 h values). The area under blood glucose response curve was significantly lower only in the ExAM when compared with that in the control (P=0.043) (11.8, 17.8. and 3.8 h mM in the control, ExBM and ExAM, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results might suggest that walking after meals improves glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes being treated with intensive insulin therapy consisting of the basal-bolus (NPH-human regular) insulin regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-11, Japan. kunio-y@hmn4.aitai.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shichiri
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C016635:acetoacetic acid; D005934:Glucagon; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine