title: Ebselen attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via the inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and activator protein-1 signalling pathway in PC12 cells.
abstract: 1: Ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3[2H]-one) is a selenoorganic compound exhibiting both glutathione peroxidase activity and antioxidant activity. Although it has been reported that ebselen is effective for oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage both in vivo and clinically, the precise mechanisms of the efficacy have not yet been elucidated. Thus, we hypothesized that ebselen may affect reactive oxygen species-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation in cultured PC12 cells. 2: Our findings showed that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) stimulated rapid and significant activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in PC12 cells, which is a model of catecholamine-containing neurons. 3: H(2)O(2)-induced JNK activation was inhibited by ebselen, whereas ERK1/2 and p38 activation by H(2)O(2) were not affected by ebselen. 4: Inhibition by ebselen of H(2)O(2)-induced hydroxyl radical generation in PC12 cells was observed using electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Ebselen also inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced increases in DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1), a downstream transcription factor of JNK, composed of the c-Jun homo/heterodimer. 5: Finally, pretreatment of cells with ebselen resulted in a significant recovery from cell death including apoptosis by H(2)O(2) in PC12 cells. 6 These findings suggest that ebselen attenuates oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death through the inhibition of the JNK and AP-1 signalling pathway. Thus, inhibition of JNK by ebselen may imply its usefulness for treatment of ischaemic cerebral diseases relevant to neuronal cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. yoshizu@basic.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kogame
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyaw
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirima
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizawa
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagami
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaki
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C042986:ebselen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases