Signals from the X: signal transduction and X-linked mental retardation.
The dramatic increase in genomic information is allowing the rapid identification of genes that are altered in mental retardation (MR). It is necessary to place their resulting gene products in their cellular context to understand how they may have contributed to a patient's cognitive deficits. This review will consider signaling molecules that have been implicated in X-linked MR and the known pathways by which these proteins covey information will be delineated. The proteins discussed include four distinct classes: transmembrane receptors, guanine nucleotide related proteins, kinases, and translational regulators.
Barnes
Anthony P
AP
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UNC-Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Milgram
Sharon L
SL
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins