title: Expression of p21/WAF-1, status of apoptosis and p53 mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with HPV infection.
abstract: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is regarded as a causative carcinogenic agent in anogenital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but there is controversy about its etiologic role in esophageal SCC (ESCC). In this study, we attempted to clarify whether HPV infection plays a crucial role in the development of ESCC by analysis of multiple factors. These included: detection of HPV DNA; evaluation of immunohistochemical assays for HPV-related cell cycle regulators and apoptosis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method; and genetic analysis of the p53 gene. Twenty of the 48 ESCC examined (42%) were found to be positive for the HPV genome by polymerase chain reaction. They comprised 16 cases with the HPV16 subtype, three with the HPV18 subtype, and one with both HPV16 and 18. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of p21/WAF-1 was significantly decreased in HPV-positive cases (chi2 = 9.2614; P = 0.0023). Furthermore, the 10 apoptosis-negative (< or =10%) cases of HPV-positive SCC were almost exclusively p21/WAF-1-negative (chi2 = 12.1406; P = 0.0005), indicating the significance of the relationship between HPV infection and the phenotype that is expected from HPV-induced inhibition of p53. Although 14 cases possessed missense and deletion mutations of the p53 gene (of which four mutations were found in HPV-positive ESCC), no accumulation of the mutation was defined in the phenotype, suggesting that distinct mutation processes might be involved in HPV-negative and -positive ESCC. The data provide significant support for the hypothesis that HPV infection may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis of some ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ichihara Hospital Teikyo University, School of Medicine, Ichihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Izuru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohoka
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Kyota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanami
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asoh
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D009154:Mutation; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53