title: Levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 receptor-alpha for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were correlated with clinical grade and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated possible correlations for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (sIL-2R-alpha) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and clinical grade of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is determined by factors such as extent of pulmonary involvement, fever and loss of body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to explore these correlations and address associated questions, BALF was collected from 45 patients presenting with active pulmonary TB and 14 healthy controls. Repetitive BALF was collected in 17 patients after 3 months of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The epithelial lining fluid (ELF) levels for IFN-gamma and sIL-2R-alpha were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after standardization with urea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with higher-grade pulmonary TB (i.e., with more advanced pulmonary involvement, fever or body weight loss), revealed significantly higher ELF levels for IFN-gamma and sIL-2R-alpha compared to those with lower grade pulmonary TB. Similar results were also determined for sIL-2R-alpha serum levels, but not for IFN-gamma serum levels. After anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy the elevated cytokine levels for ELF and serum significantly decreased in accordance with radiographic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ELF levels of IFN-gamma and sIL-2R-alpha were correlated with disease grading of pulmonary TB and decreased after anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. drtsao@adm.cgmh.org.tw
authors.forename: T C Y
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tsao
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C508017:IL2RA protein, human; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma