title: Effect of N2O on sevoflurane vaporizer settings during minimal- and low-flow anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uptake of a second gas of a delivered gas mixture decreases the amount of carrier gas and potent inhaled anesthetic leaving the circle system through the pop-off valve. The authors hypothesized that the vaporizer settings required to maintain constant end-expired sevoflurane concentration (Etsevo) during minimal-flow anesthesia (MFA, fresh gas flow of 0.5 l/min) or low-flow anesthesia (LFA, fresh gas flow of 1 l/min) would be lower when sevoflurane is used in oxygen-nitrous oxide than in oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients receiving general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 14 each), depending on the carrier gas and fresh gas flow used: group Ox.5 l (oxygen, MFA), group NOx.5 l (oxygen-nitrous oxide, MFA after 10 min high fresh gas flow), group Ox1 l (oxygen, LFA), and group NOx1 l (oxygen-nitrous oxide, LFA after 10 min high fresh gas flow). The vaporizer dial settings required to maintain Etsevo at 1.3% were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaporizer settings were higher in group Ox.5 l than in groups NOx.5 l, Ox1 l, and NOx1 l; vaporizer settings were higher in group NOx.5 l than in group NOx1 l between 23 and 47 min, and vaporizer settings did not differ between groups Ox1 l and NOx1 l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using oxygen-nitrous oxide as the carrier gas, less gas and vapor are wasted through the pop-off valve than when 100% oxygen is used. During MFA with an oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture, when almost all of the delivered oxygen and nitrous oxide is taken up by the patient, the vaporizer dial setting required to maintain a constant Etsevo is lower than when 100% oxygen is used. With higher fresh gas flows (LFA), this effect of nitrous oxide becomes insignificant, presumably because the proportion of excess gas leaving the pop-off valve relative to the amount taken up by the patient increases. However, other unexplored factors affecting gas kinetics in a circle system may contribute to our observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan F A
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coddens
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Callebaut
authors.forename: Hermes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Artico
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deloof
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demeyer
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Wolf
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D009609:Nitrous Oxide