title: The effect of total body water on the relationship between alcohol consumption and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinicians agree that alcoholism commonly is overlooked in their patients, and that treating the symptoms without directing therapy to the underlying cause at best delays an inevitable decline in the patient's general health and well-being. The current analysis focused on carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a promising biological marker of dangerous alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in our study were men (730) and women (613) from study sites in Canada, Brazil, and Japan. All subjects were participants in the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcoholism, who completed an extensive demographic, medical, and behavioral survey and provided blood samples for determination of CDT levels. ANOVA and chi2 test for equality were used to examine the effect of total body water (TBW) on the alcohol consumption/CDT relationship. To examine whether accounting for differences in TBW improved the diagnostic properties of CDT when used as a state marker for alcohol consumption, odds ratios were calculated for men and women separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that accounting for individual differences in TBW significantly influenced the alcohol consumption/CDT dose-response relationship. The effect of TBW was different for men compared with women. When we used a consumption cutoff value of 40 g/day and the CDTect recommended cutoffs (20 for men; 27 for women), adjusting for differences in TBW significantly increased diagnostic performance of CDT in men but not women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dependence of CDT measures on body water content needs to be taken into account to maximize the performance of CDT as an effective state marker of alcohol consumption in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helander
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Conigrave
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tabakoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014168:Transferrin; C056759:carbohydrate-deficient transferrin