title: Local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke with or without intravenous abciximab: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most important prognostic factors in the thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke is the time to recanalization. To shorten the recanalization time, an antiplatelet agent, abciximab (platelet glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa antagonist), was administered intravenously before the initiation of local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this combined therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 patients with acute ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >10) were enrolled in this study. In the earlier phase of this study, conventional local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis was performed in 16 patients (urokinase group). In the later phase, combined use of intravenous abciximab and local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis was performed in 10 patients (urokinase + abciximab group). Recanalization rate (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade >or=2), total amount of urokinase used, incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage, and better functional outcome rate (modified Rankin scale <or=2) were compared between the two groups with use of the Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recanalization rate in the urokinase + abciximab group (90%, nine of 10) was significantly higher than that in the urokinase group (43.8%, seven of 16) (P =.037). The mean amount of urokinase required for recanalization was significantly lower in the urokinase + abciximab group (828,000 IU vs 418,000 IU; P <.005). As for the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage, no significant difference was noted between the two groups (four of 16 vs three of 10) (P = 1.0). The urokinase + abciximab group showed a trend of better functional outcome (50% vs 80%; P =.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined therapy employing intravenous abciximab and local intraarterial urokinase thrombolysis showed a marked improvement in recanalization rate and showed a trend of better functional outcome. The safety of this regimen still remains to be justified with modification of the indication and regimen dosage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kangnung Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 415 Bandong-ri, Sacheon-myon, Kangnung-si, Kangwon-do 210-711, Korea. dhlee@knh.co.kr
authors.forename: Deok Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang Deog
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Hyeon Gak
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung Mun
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Man Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D000077284:Abciximab