title: Inhibition of intracellular peroxides and apoptosis of lymphocytes in lupus-prone B/W mice by dietary n-6 and n-3 lipids with calorie restriction.
abstract: Our earlier studies have shown that calorie restriction and n-3 fatty acids inhibit autoimmune disease and prolong life span. Experiments were designed to study the alteration of apoptosis and its mediators in B/W mice fed either n-6 fatty acids [5% corn oil (CO)] or n-3 fatty acids [5% fish oil (FO)] and either allowed access to the diet ad libitum (AL) or restricted in caloric intake by 40% (CR), from 4 weeks of age. At 4 months (young) and 9 months (old) mice were killed, splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and apoptosis was measured with Annexin V and PI staining. Apoptosis was decreased in splenic lymphocytes from both young and old CR mice compared to their respective AL-fed control groups regardless of fat source. Increasing apoptosis with age was observed in CO/AL, CO/CR, and FO/AL mice which correlated closely with significantly higher cellular peroxides measured by flow cytometry using dichlorofluourescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), whereas in both CO/CR and FO/CR peroxide levels remained low in old mice. Furthermore, CR increased the proliferative response of splenic lymphocytes and decreased the Fas (CD95) and Fas-L protein expression in CD4+ lymphocytes from old mice. Higher levels of Fas and Fas-L expression were observed in old mice compared to young mice. Bcl-2 levels were elevated in both young and old CR groups compared to the respective AL groups. Calorie restriction prevented the loss of CD8 cells in old mice fed both the CO and the FO diet. In summary, CR resulted in decreased apoptosis accompanied by alterations in Fas, Fas-L, and Bcl-2 expression in old mice, increased life span, and delayed onset of kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Reddy Avula
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Khaliquz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaman
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008814:Mice, Inbred NZB; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010545:Peroxides; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019014:fas Receptor; D003314:Corn Oil