Assessing changes in Cd phytoavailability to tomato in amended calcareous soils.
A plot study was conducted to assess changes in Cd phytoavailability to a tomato cultivar in an agricultural soil in Southeastern Spain amended in two different ways (A and B), under controlled conditions. The experimental soil corresponded to a fine-loamy carbonatic thermic Calcidic Haploxeroll (Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eighth ed., USDA, Washington, 1998). (A) Soil was amended with a single application of sewage sludge from a municipal source that had a total Cd concentration of 0.5 mg kg(-1) at a rate that represented a final average concentration in the mixture of soil and sludge of less than 50 microg Cd kg(-1). (B) The amendment consisted of the addition of a mineral fertiliser with the same amount of NPK as in the sewage sludge application. The final levels of Cd were supposed to be negligible. A plot series without amendments was also performed (C). DTPA plus triethanolamine, and ammonium acetate extractable fractions in soils were analysed for all the plots. The time-dependent Cd accumulation in different parts of the tomato plants was studied by means of a Cd salt treatment. For each block (A-C) four levels of Cd (0, 3, 30, and 100 mg kg(-1)) were added as CdCl2. There was a significant increase in plant Cd after the initial cropping. Tomato stems, leaves and fruits were analysed separately for Cd determination. Differential Cd distribution and accumulation in tomato parts was detected.
Moral
R
R
Dpt. Agroquimica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPS-Orihuela, Orihuela-Alicante, Spain. raul.moral@umh.es
Cortés
A
A
Gomez
I
I
Mataix-Beneyto
J
J
D001682:Biological Availability; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005308:Fertilizers; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D002104:Cadmium