Lung cancer in women: age, smoking, histology, performance status, stage, initial treatment and survival. Population-based study of 20 561 cases.
BACKGROUND
The community-based cancer registry was set up and results were analysed to assess differences in clinicopathological parameters between women and men.


METHODS
The Pulmonary Outpatient Departments supplied data on 20 561 lung cancer patients diagnosed in Poland from 1995 to 1998. Data regarding demographics, smoking, histology, treatment and survival were obtained.


RESULTS
There were 2875 women and 17 686 men with lung cancer. Women were younger than men (60.02 versus 62.18 years; P <0.001). Age <50 years was more frequent in women than in men (23.3% versus 12%; P <0.001). Women with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and adenocarcinoma were significantly younger than women with squamous cancer (58.2 and 58.2 versus 61 years; P = 0.05). Also, men with adenocarcinoma and SCLC were younger than men with squamous cancer (60.6 and 60.2 versus 62.3 years; P = 0.05). Squamous cancer was the predominant type of lung cancer both in women (32.5%) and men (55.2%). However, SCLC (26.6% versus 19.9%: P <0.001) and adenocarcinoma (21.6% versus 9.6%; P <0.001) were more frequent in women than in men. Women were more frequently non-smokers than men (18.8% versus 2.4%; P <0.001). Adenocarcinoma patients smoked less intensively than patients with squamous and SCLC both in women (31.4 versus 35.8 and 33.7 packs/year; P <0.02) and in men (38.2 versus 42 and 41.9 packs/year; P <0.002). In multivariate analysis, bad performance status, advanced stage, non-surgical treatment, age >50 years at diagnosis and male gender were significant independent negative prognostic factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Lung cancer was six times more frequent in men than in women. Women with lung cancer were younger than men and smoked less intensively. Over-representation of adenocarcinoma and SCLC was observed in the women. Women with lung cancer had a better prognosis than men.
Radzikowska
E
E
III Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland. e.radzikowska@igichp.edu.pl
Głaz
P
P
Roszkowski
K
K
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis