title: Primary HIV-1 subtype C infection in Ethiopia.
abstract: Between 1997 and 2001, 1624 Ethiopian factory workers were enrolled in prospective HIV-1 cohorts in Ethiopia, at Akaki and Wonji towns. HIV-1 seroprevalence at intake was 11.8% (Akaki) and 7.1% (Wonji). HIV-1 incidence was .75 per 100 person-years (Akaki) and .35 per 100 person-years (Wonji). During follow up, CD4 T-cell counts remained significantly lower and CD8 T-cell counts significantly higher in Ethiopian seroconverters compared with Dutch seroconverters. Viral loads were lower in Ethiopian seroconverters versus Dutch seroconverters in the first months after seroconversion, subsequently increasing to similar levels. All 20 Ethiopian seroconverters were infected with HIV-1 subtype C (15 with sub-cluster C' and 5 with sub-cluster C). Viral loads were higher in sub-cluster C'-infected Ethiopian seroconverters. One subject demonstrated a window period of at least 204 days, combined with a high preseroconversion viral load and no decline of CD4 T cells over a follow-up period of at least 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Ethio-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP) at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Tobias F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Rinke de Wit
authors.forename: Aster
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsegaye
authors.forename: Dawit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolday
authors.forename: Binyam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hailu
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aklilu
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Measho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagos
authors.forename: Aletta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kliphuis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pollakis
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geskus
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goudsmit
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: Arnaud L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fontanet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012367:RNA, Viral