title: Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after a stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spasticity is a disabling complication of stroke, and it is uncertain whether intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A reduce disability in persons with spasticity of the wrist and fingers after a stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial to assess the efficacy and safety of one-time injections of botulinum toxin A (200 to 240 units) in 126 subjects with increased flexor tone in the wrist and fingers after a stroke. The primary outcome measure was self-reported disability in four areas: personal hygiene, dressing, pain, and limb position (on a four-point scale ranging from no disability to severe disability) at six weeks; at base line, each subject selected one of these areas in which there was moderate-to-severe disability as the principal target of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who received botulinum toxin A had greater improvement in flexor tone in the wrist and fingers at all follow-up visits through 12 weeks than did subjects who received placebo (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Subjects treated with botulinum toxin A had greater improvement in the principal target of treatment at weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12 (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.03, and P=0.02, respectively); at week 6, 40 of the 64 subjects in the botulinum-toxin group (62 percent), as compared with 17 of the 62 in the placebo group (27 percent), reported improvement of at least one point on the Disability Assessment Scale in the principal target of treatment (P<0.001). There were no major adverse events associated with injection of botulinum toxin A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A reduce spasticity of the wrist and finger muscles and associated disability in patients who have had a stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA. abrashea@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brashear
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elovic
authors.forename: V Daniel
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Kassicieh
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marciniak
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Chia-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turkel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014953:Wrist
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A