title: Review article: the burden of illness of non-cardiac chest pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-cardiac chest pain is a common condition affecting approximately one-quarter of the population during their lifetime, but the long-term economic costs of non-cardiac chest pain are poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE and Current Contents search was performed from 1991 to 2002 using specific keywords. All major articles on the subject of non-cardiac chest pain in this period were reviewed and their reference lists searched.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited studies suggest that the majority of those with non-cardiac chest pain do not consult a doctor regarding their symptoms; the drivers of health care seeking are not known. The impact on the quality of life in consulters can be severe, with as many as 36% reporting much lower quality of life levels. The diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain can be difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the condition, with significant overlap of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, chest wall syndromes and psychiatric disease, which may drive up the costs of management. The prognosis appears to be good, but there are conflicting results in long-term studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The costs of non-cardiac chest pain to the health care system are likely to be large and represent a significant proportion of each Western country's health care budget. Further studies are required to determine methods of reducing health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Eslick
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Coulshed
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence