title: Quality assurance of reference standards from nine European solar-ultraviolet monitoring laboratories.
abstract: A program for quality assurance of reference standards has been initiated among nine solar-UV monitoring laboratories. By means of a traveling lamp package that comprises several 1000-W ANSI code DXW-type quartz-halogen lamps, a 0.1-ohm shunt, and a 6-1/2 digit voltmeter, the irradiance scales used by the nine laboratories were compared with one another; a relative uncertainty of 1.2% was found. The comparison of 15 reference standards yielded differences of as much as 9%; the average difference was less than 3%.
authors.affiliation: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy. julian.groebner@jrc.it
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gröbner
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rembges
authors.forename: Alkiviadis F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bais
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blumthaler
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cabot
authors.forename: Weine
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Trond M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Thorseth
authors.forename: Ann R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wester