Current methods for loading dendritic cells with tumor antigen for the induction of antitumor immunity.
The immunotherapy of cancer is predicated on the belief that it is possible to generate a clinically meaningful antitumor response that provides patient benefit, such as improvement in the time to progression or survival. Indeed, immunotherapeutics with dendritic cells (DC) as antigen-presenting delivery vehicles for cell-based vaccines have already improved patient outcome against a wide range of tumor types (1-9). This approach stimulates the patient's own antitumor immunity through the induction or enhancement of T-cell immunity. It is generally believed that the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), the cells directly responsible for killing the tumor cells in vivo, are directed by DC. Therefore, the goal of many current designs for DC-based vaccines is to induce strong tumor-specific CTL responses in patients with cancer. In practice, most studies for DC-based cancer vaccine development have focused on the development of methods that can effectively deliver exogenous tumor antigens to DC for cross-priming of CD8+ T cells through the endogenous MHC class I processing and presentation pathway (10). To date, many methods have been developed or evaluated for the delivery of defined and undefined tumor antigens to DC. This review provides a brief summary on these methods, the techniques used in these methods, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Zhou
Yaling
Y
Northwest Biotherapeutics, Incorporated, Bothell, Washington 98021, USA.
Bosch
Marnix L
ML
Salgaller
Michael L
ML
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D008081:Liposomes; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011994:Recombinant Proteins