title: Food security and nutritional outcomes of preschool-age Mexican-American children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of food insecurity to nutrition of Mexican-American preschoolers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of low-income Mexican-American families with children of preschool age (3 to 6 years). Data included food security using the Radimer/ Cornell scale; acculturation; parental education; monthly income; past experience of food insecurity; and child weight, height, and frequency of consuming 57 foods. Weight-for-height z scores (WHZ), height- for-age z (HAZ) scores, and the percentage of overweight (> or = 85th percentile WHZ) were calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of Mexican-American families (n=211) was recruited through Head Start, Healthy Start, Migrant Education, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Tulare, Fresno, Monterey, and Kern counties in California. Statistical analyses Analysis of variance, t tests, Spearman's correlations, and Mantel Haenszel chi2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited education, lack of English proficiency, and low income were negatively correlated with food security (r = -0.31 to -0.44, P<.0001). After controlling for acculturation, children in severely food-insecure households were less likely to meet Food Guide Pyramid guidelines than other children (median number of food groups > or = recommended levels [interquartile range]: 2.0 (2.0) vs 3.0 (2.0), P<.006). Although WHZ (mean +/- SD = 1.28 +/- 1.80) and percent overweight (48%, N=19) tended to peak among children from household level food insecure families, no significant differences were found in weight or height status of children by level of food insecurity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietetics professionals working with low-income Hispanic-American families should screen for different levels of food insecurity to determine needs for nutrition education and other services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA. llkaiser@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Lucia L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Hugo R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Melgar-Quiñonez
authors.forename: Cathi L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lamp
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sutherlin
authors.forename: Janice O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Harwood
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000886:Anthropometry; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics*; D005522:Food Services; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007182:Income; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D009752:Nutritional Status