title: Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider by UV irradiation.
abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy of UV irradiation on the inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider. Cider was inoculated with oocysts and exposed to 14.32 mJ of UV irradiation/cm(2). Oocyst viability was assessed with the gamma interferon gene knockout (GKO) mouse and infant BALB/cByJ mouse models. All GKO mice challenged with UV-treated cider demonstrated no morbidity or mortality, and infant BALB/c mice challenged with treated cider were negative for the presence of C. parvum. In contrast, the GKO mice challenged with non-UV-treated inoculated cider died and the parasite was detected in the ileums of all challenged infant mice. This study shows that UV irradiation can be used to inactivate C. parvum in fresh apple cider.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. dhanes@cfsan.fda.gov
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hanes
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Worobo
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Miliotis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Robl
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Arrowood
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Churey
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology*; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000382:microbiology; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019685:Rosales / Q000382:microbiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma