title: Effects of pig slurry application on soils and soil humic acids.
abstract: The effect of three annually consecutive additions of pig slurry at two rates (90 and 150 m3 x ha(-1) x year(-1) on soils and soil humic acids (HAs) was investigated in a field experiment under semiarid conditions. Soils and pig slurries were analyzed by standard methods. The HAs were isolated from soils and pig slurry by a conventional procedure based on alkaline extraction, acidic precipitation to pH 1, purification by repeated alkaline dissolutions and acidic precipitations, water washing, dialysis, and final freeze-drying. The HAs obtained were analyzed for elemental (C, H, N, S, and O) and acidic functional group (carboxylic and phenolic) composition, and by UV-vis, FT-IR, fluorescence, and ESR spectroscopies. With respect to the control soil, the pig slurry amended soils had greater pH and electrical conductivity, slightly larger total N content, and smaller values of C/N ratio. A decrease of total organic C was observed only in soils amended for 2 and 3 years at the higher slurry rate. With respect to control soil HA, pig slurry HA was characterized by larger contents of S- and N-containing groups, smaller acidic functional group and organic free radical contents, a prevalent aliphatic character, extended molecular heterogeneity, and smaller aromatic polycondensation and humification degrees. Amendment with pig slurry HA determines a number of modifications in soil HAs, including increase of C, S, and COOH contents, C/N ratios, and aliphaticity and decrease of extraction yields and N, O, phenolic OH, and organic free radical contents. These effects are generally more evident after the first year of slurry application and tend to disappear with increasing number of treatments. Most probably, over the years the slightly humified slurry HA is mineralized through extended microbial oxidation, whereas only the most recalcitrant components, such as S-containing, phenolic, and aliphatic structures, are partially accumulated by incorporation into soil HA.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 dpdo., 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senesi
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: García-Gil
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Orazio
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005308:Fertilizers; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005308:Fertilizers; D006812:Humic Substances; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; C017616:phenolic acid; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen