title: Lack of benefit of granulocyte macrophage or granulocyte colony stimulating factor in patients with febrile neutropenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical benefits of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus standard supportive care to supportive care alone among cancer patients with febrile neutropenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were collected retrospectively from 148 consecutive cancer patients with neutropenia and fever. Patients had hematologic (i.e., acute leukemias or lymphoproliferative disorders) or non-hematologic malignancies (i.e., solid tumors including carcinoma of breast, lung, or colon). Clinical variables analyzed included: age and sex; underlying malignancies; chemotherapy regimens; symptoms at time of presentation; duration of fever prior to study enrollment; days from chemotherapy until administration of GM-CSF or G-CSF; number of previous neutropenic episodes; duration of fever and day of defervescence; absolute neutrophil count on day of defervescence; duration of neutropenia; number and types of antibiotics used; day amphotericin B begun; number of culture-documented infective episodes involving bloodstream, lung, pleura, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, intravenous cannulae, or skin; types of antimicrobial isolates; cost of cytokine therapy; length of hospital stay and clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of myeloid growth factors increased the number of circulating peripheral white blood cells, but no significant effect was noted in terms of duration of neutropenia or fever, number of culture-proven infections (except pneumonia; p < 0.04), length of hospital stay, or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In areas with limited health care resources, expensive treatment with GM-CSF or G-CSF should be reserved for patients with complicated febrile neutropenia where the expected risk of infection is high and the duration of neutropenia is prolonged, or those with documented infections that are refractory to antibiotic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oncology, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Burney
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Kakepoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smego
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000628:therapy; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor