title: Adenoviral gene therapy for renal cancer requires retargeting to alternative cellular receptors.
abstract: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies in humans. Therefore, the identification of new agents with better antitumor activity merits a high priority in the treatment of advanced RCC. In this regard, gene therapy with adenoviral (Ad) vectors is a promising new modality for cancer. However, a primary limiting factor for the use of Ad vectors for cancer gene therapy is their critical dependence on cellular expression of the primary Ad receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), known to be down-regulated in many cancer types. Following the identification of CAR deficiency in RCC lines, we have found abundant membrane expression of alpha(v)beta 3 and alpha(v)beta 5 integrins and of the putative receptor to Ad serotype 3 (Ad3). As an alternative gene therapy approach for RCC that would circumvent CAR deficiency, we employed retargeting of replication-incompetent Ad vectors and replication-competent Ad viruses to alpha(v)beta 3 and alpha(v)beta 5 integrins and to the putative Ad3 receptor. These strategies to genetically alter Ad tropism were based on either the insertion of a cysteine-aspartate-cysteine-arginine-glycine-aspartate-cysteine-phenylalanine-cysteine (RGD) motif into the HI loop of the Ad fiber knob domain or on generation of a chimeric Ad fiber composed of adenovirus serotype 5 shaft/Ad3 knob. Both strategies proved highly efficient to circumvent CAR deficiency and enhance gene delivery into RCC cells. Furthermore, in the context of replication-competent Ad, tropism alteration resulted in distinct capacity of the retargeted viruses to infect, replicate, and lyse RCC models in vitro and in vivo. The retargeting strategies were particularly beneficial in the context of replication-competent Ad. These findings underscore the importance of CAR-independent cellular entry mechanisms in RCC and are highly consequential for the development of viral antitumor agents for RCC and other CAR-negative tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham at Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Yosef S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Haviv
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanerva
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagi
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krasnykh
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dmitriev
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Akseli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemminki
authors.forename: Delicia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Curiel
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C568771:CLMP protein, human; C568772:CLMP protein, mouse; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D016023:Integrins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; C064660:integrin alphaVbeta5