title: Appropriate neurological evaluation and multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Simultanagnosia is common in eclampsia and a visuospatial test may be the most appropriate method in assessing the degree and monitoring of neurological deficit.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine a sensitive clinical test for the degree of neurological deficit in eclampsia and in monitoring neurological change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women with eclampsia were evaluated by clinical neurological quantitative scales including the Canadian Neurological Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, a validated Cookie Theft Picture Test (CTPT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1/T2), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CTPT, used to measure simultanagnosia, had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 84.5-100), specificity of 33.3% (95% CI: 1.8-87.5) with positive predictive value of 93.1% (95% CI: 75.8-98.8) and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 5.5-100). The degree of agreement between simultanagnosia as measured by CTPT and DWI was 93.3% (Kappa=0.474; P=0.001). Standard MRI compared with DWI had a sensitivity of 77.8% (95% CI: 57.3-90.6), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 31-100), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: 80.8-100) and negative predictive value of 33.3% (95% CI: 9-69.1). The degree of agreement between standard MRI and DWI was 90%, this was statistically significant (Kappa=0.412: P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validated CTPT for simultanagnosia was abnormal in the majority (n=29; 96.7%) of eclamptic patients with other neurological scales normal. Standard MRI and DWI showed excellent correlation with this simple bedside clinimetric evaluation. The oedema in eclampsia is primarily of vasogenic origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA. mhoff2@pop.uky.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keiseb
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies