title: Liver X receptors downregulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and activity.
abstract: 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) converts inactive corticosteroids into biologically active corticosteroids, thereby regulating the local concentration of active glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. 11beta-HSD-1 is particularly expressed in adipocytes and liver and appears to be causally linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Liver X receptor (LXR)-alpha and -beta are nuclear oxysterol receptors whose key role in lipid metabolic regulation has recently been established. In this study, we show that treatment of adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro with synthetic or natural LXR agonists decreases mRNA expression of 11beta-HSD-1 by approximately 50%, paralleled by a significant decline in 11beta-HSD-1 enzyme activity. Downregulation of 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA by LXRs started after a lag period of 8 h and required ongoing protein synthesis. Moreover, long-term per os treatment with a synthetic LXR agonist downregulated 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA levels by approximately 50% in brown adipose tissue and liver of wild-type but not of LXRalpha(-/-)beta(-/-) mice and was paralleled by downregulation of hepatic PEPCK expression. In conclusion, LXR ligands could mediate beneficial metabolic effects in insulin resistance syndromes including type 2 diabetes by interfering with peripheral glucocorticoid activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition and Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. thomas.stulnig@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Stulnig
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oppermann
authors.forename: Knut R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: Gertrud U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Jan-Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1