title: Depression in Alzheimer's disease might be associated with apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele frequency in women but not in men.
abstract: The association between depression and apolipoprotein E (apoE) was investigated in 137 out-patients with Alzheimer's disease. An ICD-10 diagnosis of depression was found in 21.1% of all patients. There was a good correlation between clinicians' diagnoses and blinded rating by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (r = 0.70). In male patients, apoE 3/3 was detected in 34.1%, 3/4 in 38.6%, 4/4 in 13.6%, 2/4 in 6.8% and 2/3 in 6.8% of cases. In female patients, apoE 3/3 was detected in 35.5%, 3/4 in 45.2%, 4/4 in 12.8%, 2/4 in 3.2% and 2/3 in 3.2% of cases. When analyzing the variance of gene dosage effect, the frequency of the apoE epsilon 4 allele was significantly increased in depressed women but not in men. This effect remained stable in stepwise regression analysis when depression as the dependent variable was tested against the independent variables age, age of onset, duration of disease, cognitive status and years of school education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Germany. muellert@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller-Thomsen
authors.forename: Sönke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arlt
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganzer
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mass
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naber
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Beisiegel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E