title: Carbon dioxide and pulsed dye laser treatment of angiofibromas in 29 patients with tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the benefits, adverse effects and appropriate types of laser treatment for angiofibromas (AF) in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and side-effect profile of carbon dioxide (CO2) 10,600 nm wavelength and flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye (FLPDL) 585 nm wavelength lasers in a retrospective study of 29 patients with TS aged 9-48 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term results, based on clinical improvement of the vascular, fibrous or protuberant types of AF and the presence or absence of side-effects on follow-up visits, were classified as excellent, moderate or poor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were excellent in most patients with vascular-type AF treated with one or two sessions of FLPDL, but some required up to six treatment sessions. CO2 lasers produced excellent results with considerable long-term improvement in 10 of 13 (77%) patients with fibrous or protuberant AF, specifically in all (three of three) protuberant and 70% (seven of 10) of fibrous AF. Persistent hypertrophic scarring was seen in three of 13 (23%) patients with either fibrous or protuberant AF treated with the continuous wavelength CO2 laser. Treatment with both lasers used in four patients with combined vascular and non-vascular AF components was excellent in three of four (75%) patients. Significant relapse was seen in one patient treated with the CO2 laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO2 or FLPDL laser treatment should be considered as an effective treatment for patients with disfiguring TS. A combination of lasers may be required to achieve optimal results.
authors.affiliation: Laser Unit, Lister Hospital, London, UK. epapad@otenet.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadavid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellaney
authors.forename: N P J
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018322:Angiofibroma / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000601:surgery*