title: Should antibiotics be discontinued at 48 hours for negative late-onset sepsis evaluations in the neonatal intensive care unit?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the appropriate length of antibiotic therapy for negative late-onset sepsis evaluations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), based on time to detection of positive bacterial cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Culture results from late-onset sepsis evaluations between January 1, 1994 and June 30, 1998 from outborn neonates at the Arkansas Children's Hospital NICU were retrospectively reviewed. The time period from specimen collection to notification of NICU personnel was calculated for positive cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2,783 blood, 724 urine, and 294 cerebrospinal fluid cultures obtained, of which 10.2%, 6.6%, and 5.4%, respectively, were positive for bacterial isolates. Of positive cultures, 98% had a time to detection < or = 48 hours. Of cultures that became positive > 48 hours, 7 of 8 grew coagulase-negative staphylococci; 4 were contaminants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discontinuing antibiotic therapy for neonates with possible late-onset sepsis and negative cultures at 48 hours is appropriate and is now standard care in our NICU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202-3591, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cassat
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lewno
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents