title: Applications of the squarate ester cascade to the expeditious synthesis of hypnophilin, coriolin, and ceratopicanol.
abstract: The first applications of the squarate ester cascade to natural products synthesis have been realized. Only 10 laboratory steps mediate the conversion of diisopropyl squarate to (+/-)-hypnophilin (8). Key reactions include a combination of chlorination, reduction, dehydration, and oxidation maneuvers in the proper sequence. A penultimate precursor to 8 has previously been converted into coriolin (9), thereby allowing a formal synthesis of racemic 9 also to be claimed. A rather different strategy was employed to arrive at (+/-)-ceratopicanol (10). Of the seven steps involved, three consisted of the use of lithium in liquid ammonia. The three divergent synthetic objectives realized in these experiments involved (a) generation of an extended enolate anion and its regioselective C-methylation at the gamma-carbon; (b) unprecedented reductive cleavage of a beta-isopropoxy group in a 2,3-diisopropoxy-2-cyclopentenone setting; and (c) conventional conversion of an alpha-alkoxy ketone to the parent carbonyl system. Thus, the appreciable enhancement in structural complexity offered by the squarate cascade holds considerable potential for the concise synthesis of constitutionally intricate targets.
authors.affiliation: Evans Chemical Laboratories, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. paquette.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Leo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004952:Esters; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C464976:ceratopicanol; C007127:coriolin; C446680:hypnophilin