title: Maturational change of parallel auditory processing in school-aged children revealed by simultaneous recording of magnetic and electric cortical responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the maturational change of cortical auditory processing, we analyzed simultaneously recorded auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and magnetic fields (AEFs) in school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous recording of AEP and AEF were performed in 32 healthy children of age ranging from 6 to 14 years and 10 adults. Tone bursts of 1 kHz were presented to the left and right ears alternately with 3 different within-ear stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) (1.6, 3.0 and 5.0 s for each ear) under attention-distracted condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects showed clear N100 and N100m peaks under the longest SOA condition (5.0 s). Under the shortest SOA condition (1.6 s), 4 out of 19 subjects under 12 years (21%) failed to show the N100m component. By contrast, N250 and N250m were observed in the majority of children (29/32: 91%) while those were detected in only 4 out of 10 adults (40%). The spatial distribution of N100 in children under 9 years differed from that in older subjects, whereas the dipole orientation of N100m was constant among age groups, suggesting that radially oriented sources might make additional contribution to the generation of N100 in early childhood. N250 was significantly larger in children than in adults. The strength of N250 was suppressed with longer SOAs, whereas that of N100 was enhanced. The dipole of N250m was located around Heschl's gyrus on the superior temporal plane which was significantly medial, anterior and inferior to that of N100m.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dissociation of maturational change between the tangential and radial components of N100 suggests that auditory processing at around 100 ms consists of multiple parallel pathways which mature independently. Furthermore, a negative peak at around 250 ms specifically seen in children has different generators from N100 and might represent a special auditory processing which takes an active part until acquisition of the efficient cortical networks of the adult brain.
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: D H D
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004585:Electrooculography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values