V(H) mutation status, CD38 expression level, genomic aberrations, and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), biologic risk factors such as immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene (V(H)) mutation status, CD38 expression level, and genomic aberrations have recently been identified, but the relative prognostic impact of the individual parameters is unknown. In the current study, we analyzed V(H) mutation status by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (n = 300), genomic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (+3q, 6q-, +8q, 11q-, +12q, 13q-, t(14q), 17p-) (n = 300), and CD38 expression by triple-color FACS (CD5, CD19, CD38) (n = 157) in a unicentric CLL cohort. The prognostic influence of V(H) mutation rate and CD38 expression level was tested by maximally selected log-rank statistics. A corrected P value (P(cor)) for a cutoff level allowing the best separation of 2 subgroups with different survival probabilities was identified at 97% V(H) homology (95% confidence interval [CI], 96%-98% homology, P(cor) <.001) and at 7% CD38 expression (95% CI, 20%-71% expression, P(cor) =.02). In univariate analyses, unmutated V(H) genes and high CD38 expression levels predicted for shorter survival times. The overall incidence of genomic aberrations was similar in the V(H) unmutated and V(H) mutated subgroups. High-risk genomic aberrations such as 17p- and 11q- occurred almost exclusively in the V(H) unmutated subgroup, whereas favorable aberrations such as 13q- and 13q- as single abnormalities were overrepresented in the V(H) mutated subgroup. In multivariate analysis, unmutated V(H), 17p deletion, 11q deletion, age, WBC, and LDH were identified as independent prognostic factors, indicating a complementary role of V(H) mutation status and genomic aberrations to predict outcome in CLL.
Kröber
Alexander
A
Abteilung Innere Medizin III, University of Ulm, Germany.
Seiler
Till
T
Benner
Axel
A
Bullinger
Lars
L
Brückle
Elsbeth
E
Lichter
Peter
P
Döhner
Hartmut
H
Stilgenbauer
Stephan
S
D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009154:Mutation; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase / Q000032:analysis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015996:Survival Rate; D014314:Trisomy
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1