title: Sequential H(2)(15)O PET studies in baboons: before and after amphetamine.
abstract: PET and (11)C-raclopride have been used to assess dopamine activity in vivo using a paradigm that involved d-amphetamine (AMPH)-induced endogenous dopamine release that led to reductions (relative to baseline) in the (11)C-raclopride-specific binding parameter (binding potential). A common assumption in bolus injection PET studies of this type is that cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not vary during the scan. The goal of this work was to examine the effect of AMPH administration on sequential PET measures of CBF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight dynamic H(2)(15)O PET scans were acquired with arterial blood sampling in 6 baboons: 4 scans before AMPH (over 60 min) and 4 scans after AMPH (over 60 min) (0.6 mg/kg AMPH). Magnetic resonance images (coregistered to PET) were used to define regions of interest that included cortex, striatum (including subregions), and cerebellum. Data were analyzed using a 1-tissue compartment model. CBF was assessed through K(1) (mL/mL/min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temporal patterns of the CBF alterations were similar across regions for each baboon. For 5 of 6 baboons, a general pattern of an initial increase in K(1) was observed after AMPH that gradually declined toward baseline, after minimizing anesthesia-induced variability in the in vivo measures. Although these alterations after AMPH were statistically significant in particular subcortical regions and cerebellum, such changes would not likely influence measures of (11)C-raclopride binding potential to a significant extent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support previous PET studies for which constant blood flow was assumed during the bolus PET (11)C-raclopride/AMPH experiment across striatal subregions, while underscoring the importance of considering effects of anesthesia when interpreting in vivo imaging parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. price@pet.upmc.edu
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Wayne C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Drevets
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruszkiewicz
authors.forename: Phil J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Victor L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Villemagne
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Sati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.forename: Chester A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mathis
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D010215:Papio; D020891:Raclopride; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D014867:Water; D020891:Raclopride; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine