Some ethical issues in community-based rehabilitation initiatives in developing countries.
OBJECTIVE
This commentary provides both theoretical and practical insights into the concept of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) and its application in developing countries. In doing so it explores current practices in CBR and the debate surrounding them, namely the ethical question and how this may impact on future CBR. The main argument in this account is that disability is a development issue; with widespread poverty, inequality and violation of human rights, and should be addressed within the broader context of community development which may include strategies such as CBR.


METHODS
A review and analysis of recent literature on CBR has been conducted including the review of a number of empirical research documents from various CBR initiatives in developing countries.


RESULTS
CBR has increasingly been under scrutiny in terms of the extent to which these have succeeded in delivering rehabilitation services to those in need in the community as well as the permitted level of participation and control of disabled people over the rehabilitation process. Many programmes have been unsustainable and it has been difficult to evaluate their full usefulness to disabled people. These issues raise an ethical question about CBR being an appropriate strategy for the rehabilitation of people with impairments in developing countries.


CONCLUSIONS
This background emphasizes that new directions in CBR need to be put in place in order to maximize the realization of the ultimate goal: the greatest participation for disabled people in all spheres of life. Effective rehabilitation programmes should allow people with disability to have greater control in the nature of their rehabilitation and that the role of professionals and other stakeholders is one of allies and resources in the rehabilitation process. Moreover, the participation of community members in the rehabilitation policy should be assured.
Turmusani
M
M
People Potential, Plum Cottage, Hattingley Rd, Medstead, Hampshire, GU34 5NQ, UK.
Vreede
A
A
Wirz
S L
SL
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003256:Community Participation; D003469:Culture; D003906:Developing Countries; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D005378:Financial Support; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards