title: Resin bond strength to densely sintered alumina ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the resin bond strength and durability of adhesive bonding systems to densely sintered, pure aluminum oxide ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acrylic glass tubes filled with composite resin were bonded to industrially manufactured alumina ceramic disks with an ultrasonically machined surface. Groups of 20 samples were bonded in an alignment apparatus using five different bonding methods. Subgroups of 10 bonded samples were tested for tensile strength following storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C for either 3 or 150 days. In addition, the 150-day samples were thermocycled 37,500 times. The statistical analyses were made by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple pairwise comparison of the groups using the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean bond strength of a bis-GMA composite resin to sandblasted alumina ceramic was relatively high after 3 days, at 20 MPa. Additional silanization or tribochemical silica coating and silanization did not enhance the bond strength (18 to 20 MPa) and failed spontaneously over long-term storage. However, using a composite resin containing a special adhesive phosphate monomer, a statistically significantly higher and durable bond strength to the sandblasted alumina ceramic surface was achieved after 3 days (50 MPa) and after 150 days of storage (46 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A durable bond strength to pure alumina ceramic was achieved only by using a composite resin containing an adhesive phosphate monomer after sandblasting the ceramic surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany. rahel.friederich@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Rahel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C469237:Clearfil Core; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; C076811:Rocatec; D012821:Silanes; C086630:TwinLook cement; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C052304:Panavia EX; D000537:Aluminum Oxide