title: Inhibitory effect of apoptosis in human astrocytes CCF-STTG1 cells by lemon oil.
abstract: The effects of lemon pure essential oils on the heat shock-induced apoptosis in human astrocytes cell line CCF-STTG1 were examined. In previous studies, heat shock has been reported to induce the apoptosis or programmed cell death through the activation of caspase-3. Treatment of heat shock on CCF-STTG1 cells markedly induced apoptotic cell death as determined by flow cytometry. Interestingly, pre-treatment with lemon pure essential oils on CCF-STTG1 cells inhibited the heat shock-induced apoptosis. Lemon oil also inhibited the heat shock-induced apoptosis in primary cultured rat astrocytes. To determine whether lemon oil inhibits the heat shock-induced activation of the apoptotic proteases, activation of caspase-3 was assessed by Western blotting. DNA fragmentation, giemsa staining, and heat shock-induced activation of caspase-3 were blocked by lemon pure essential oil, which is consistent with flow cytometry. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), the cysteine protease substrate, was fragmented as a consequence of apoptosis by heat shock. Lemon oil inhibited the PARP fragmentation. These results suggest that lemon pure essential oils may modulate the apoptosis through the activation of the interleukin-1 beta -converting enzyme-like caspases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, KI Co. Ltd. Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chae-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Yong-Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeung-Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D010938:Plant Oils; D004247:DNA; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases