title: Successful outcome after surgical management in two cases of the "painful variant" of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe two cases of the rare "painful variant" of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) that were refractory to medical management and in which surgical intervention provided the definitive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We thoroughly review the clinical history as well as the laboratory, imaging, and surgical pathology data in these cases, and follow-up of the clinical response over time is provided. The relevant literature is also discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 56-year-old woman, who had remotely undergone a left hemithyroidectomy and had been diagnosed with HT, sought further assessment because of neck pain and edema. Treatment with corticosteroids was partially successful but led to the development of Cushing's syndrome. A 32-year-old man had pain and swelling of the thyroid and was diagnosed with HT shortly thereafter. Levothyroxine treatment was unsuccessful. Both patients underwent thyroidectomy. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (HT) with a variable degree of fibrosis was found on assessment of pathology specimens. The patients remained asymptomatic after the surgical procedure and did not require any further anti-inflammatory therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected cases, surgical treatment may become necessary for effective and permanent control of symptoms and local signs in painful HT. Access to experienced endocrine surgeons is important in order to avoid postoperative complications because the thyroid gland may be small or fibrosed in this rare variant of HT.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1758, USA.
authors.forename: Loukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gourgiotis
authors.forename: Nahrain
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Zubaidi
authors.forename: Monica C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Skarulis
authors.forename: Dimitris A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Libutti
authors.forename: H Richard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sarlis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003680:Deglutition Disorders; D004487:Edema; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009333:Neck; D010146:Pain; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013974:Thyroxine