title: A phase II trial of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH 66336, given by twice-daily oral administration, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ras genes encode Ras proteins that are important for signal transduction in cancer cells. Farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) is an enzyme that is responsible for a critical post-translational modification of Ras.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the results of a phase II trial of SCH 66336, an FPTase inhibitor, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This is the first reported experience of an FPTase inhibitor in this disease. All patients were considered refractory to first- and second-line therapy. A total of 21 evaluable patients were treated with a starting dose of 200 mg b.i.d. given continuously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major side-effects were fatigue (grade 1 in 42%, grade 2 in 42% and grade 3 in 14%), diarrhea (grade 1 in 23% and grade 3 in 42%) and nausea (grade 2 in 16%). Elevations in serum creatinine (grade 2 or 3) were observed in 19% of patients and appeared to be related to dehydration induced by diarrhea. Significant hematological toxicity was not observed (only grade 1 thrombocytopenia in 19% and grade 2 or 3 anemia in 28%). Pharmacological studies revealed adequate mean pre-dose plasma concentrations in this group of patients on day 15 of therapy. No objective responses were observed, although stable disease was seen in three patients for several months. Administration of SCH 66336 was accompanied by gastrointestinal toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future development of this compound cannot be recommended as monotherapy in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 11201, USA. sharma1@mskcc.org
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kemeny
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kelsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ilson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaknoen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Statkevich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hollywood
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Saltz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005472:Fluorouracil; D010880:Piperidines; D011725:Pyridines; C115354:lonafarnib; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes