title: Determination of Crotalus durissus cascavella venom components that induce renal toxicity in isolated rat kidneys.
abstract: Envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus leads to coagulation disorders, myotoxicity, neurotoxicity and acute renal failure (ARF). The most serious systemic change and primary cause of death is ARF. In this work, we used RP-HPLC to isolate crotoxin, convulxin and gyroxin from venom of the related subspecies Crotalus durissus cascavella and investigated the effects of these toxins on renal function in the isolated rat kidneys perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6% of bovine serum albumin. The parameters studied included perfusion pressure (PP), renal vascular resistance (RVR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary flow (UF), percent of sodium tubular transport (%TNa(+)), percent of potassium tubular transport (%TK(+)) and percent of chloride tubular transport (%TCl(-)). Crotoxin (5 microg/ml) increased the PP, RVR, GFR, UF and decreased %TNa(+), %TK(+) and %TCl(-), with gyroxin (5 micro g/ml) the GFR remained stable during the 120 min of perfusion, whereas PP and RVR increased significantly and the %TNa(+), %TK(+) and %TCl(-) decreased significantly. Convulxin (5 micro g/ml) had no effect on renal function. Crotoxin caused alterations in all renal parameters. Gyroxin produced a minor effect compared to crotoxin. These results indicated that crotoxin is the main componenet responsible for acute nephrotoxicity caused by C. d. cascavella venom.
authors.affiliation: Health Science Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Marcos H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Havt
authors.forename: José Camillo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Novello
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marangoni
authors.forename: Manassés C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fonteles
authors.forename: Helena S A
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003439:Crotoxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C028890:convulxin; C017356:gyroxin; D003439:Crotoxin