title: Outcomes after minimally invasive reoperation for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reoperative antireflux surgery is complex and traditionally performed by open methods. Increasingly, surgeons are performing minimally invasive reoperations. This report summarizes our experience with laparoscopic reoperative antireflux surgery (LRAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review (1996 to 2001) identified 80 LRAS cases. Median age was 49 (22 to 80) years with 52 females and 28 males. Primary symptoms included heartburn (53%), regurgitation (22%), and dysphagia (25%). Detailed outcomes recorded at follow-up included heartburn severity using the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life scale (HRQOL) and SF36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LRAS was completed in 97.5% of cases (two conversions). The most common problems identified were mediastinal migration of the wrap in 48 (60%) and misplaced wrap in 11 (13.8%). LRAS operations included Collis-Nissen (42), Nissen (26), Toupet (six), and six others. Pyloroplasty was required in nine (11%). Complications occurred in 16 patients. These included nine minor gastric perforations (all repaired intraoperatively) and two reoperations for complications (1 patient with a bile leak and the second with a pyloroplasty site leak). Median length of stay was 2.5 days. Median follow-up was 18 (1 to 52) months; 18 (23%) required proton-pump inhibitors. Detailed outcomes were available in 50 patients. Mean PCS and MCS scores were 42 and 47, respectively (normals = 50). HRQOL scores were excellent in 35 (65%), satisfactory in 9 (17%), and poor in 10 (18%). Ten patients (18%) reported that they were dissatisfied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRAS can be performed safely with complication and success rates similar to open operations in a center with extensive laparoscopic experience.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Foregut Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. luketichjd@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Luketich
authors.forename: Hiran C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: Percival O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Buenaventura
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikramuddin
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome