title: Efficacy and economics of hormonal therapies for advanced breast cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among postmenopausal women in the US, and the economic burden of breast cancer care comprises a large percentage of the healthcare budget. Hormonal therapies have a proven place in the management of advanced breast cancer. This type of therapy is more likely to be used in older, compared with younger, women, because tumours in older women are more likely to express estrogen and progesterone receptors. While it is difficult to measure the costs of cancer care because of variation in extent and duration of treatment, treatment-related costs including costs of hormonal agents used for advanced disease account for a relatively small component of the overall costs. Newer hormonal regimens such as the new third generation nonsteroidal (letrozole, anastrozole) and steroidal (exemestane) aromatase inhibitors have shown improved clinical efficacy compared with standard regimens such as megestrol and tamoxifen in the metastatic setting in terms of objective responses or time to tumour progression. In addition the newer agents have improved toxicity profiles. Cost analyses of the newer aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole and letrozole), compared with megestrol, show an optimistic outlook for these agents. Additional work needs to be done looking at a comparison of the efficacy and costs of the aromatase inhibitors relative to the currently recommended hormonal treatments used for women with metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Miron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen