title: Morphological transformation and oxidative stress induced by cyanide in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells.
abstract: Cyanide is a well-established poison known for its rapid lethal action and toxicity. Although long-term mammalian studies examining the carcinogenic potential of cyanide have not been previously reported, cyanide was reported to be positive in Salmonella typhimurium mutagenesis assay and induced aneuploidy in Drosophila. To further evaluate the carcinogenic potential of cyanide, the ability of cyanide to induce morphological transformation in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells was studied. Cyanide induced a dose-dependent increase in morphological transformation in SHE cells following a 7-day continuous treatment. A significant increase in transformation was observed at potassium cyanide doses of 200 microM and greater. Transformation induced by cyanide was inhibited in a dose-related manner by vitamin E, suggesting a role of oxidative stress in the induction of morphological transformation by cyanide. Further, it was shown that 500 microM cyanide induced oxidative DNA damage in SHE cells, evidenced by the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (50-66% increase over control). The induction of oxidative stress by cyanide involved an early and temporal inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) as well as an increased production of reactive oxygen species (1.5- to 2.0-fold over control).
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 1021, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kamendulis
authors.forename: Haizhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Klaunig
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008647:Mesocricetus / Q000196:embryology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D011190:Potassium Cyanide