title: Viral infections in the mouth.
abstract: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via nonglossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, UK. cgteo@phls.nhs.uk
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000821:virology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010157:Palatal Neoplasms / Q000821:virology; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000821:virology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C118265:K8 protein, Human herpesvirus 8; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins