title: Influence of ambient air temperature on the cooling/heating load of a single cell protein jacketed fermenter operating on cheese whey under continuous conditions.
abstract: The heat generated by mixing and lactose metabolism, during the continuous production of single cell protein from cheese whey lactose using a jacketed fermenter with running cooling water, was calculated using a heat balance equation. The technique quantified the heat produced in and lost from the fermentation unit. Most of the heat generated by mixing in the cell-free system (97.47%) was lost with exhaust gas, while a very small amount (2.53%) was lost through the fermenter lid, wall, and bottom. The heat generated by mixing was significant (26.31% of the total heat generated in the fermentation system with an active yeast population present) and, therefore, cannot be ignored in heat balance calculations. About 19.71% of the total heat generated in the reactor was lost through the coolant at an ambient temperature of 22 +/- 0.5 degrees C, showing the need for a cooling system. A yeast population size of 986 million cells/mL and a lactose removal efficiency of 95.6% were observed. About 72.5% and 27.5% of the lactose consumed were used for growth and respiration, respectively. A yield of 0.66 g of cells/g of lactose was achieved. The heat released by unit biomass was 7.05 kJ/g of cells. The results showed the significant impact of ambient air temperature on the cooling load. The heat to be removed from the medium by the cooling system varied from 3.46 to 281.56 kJ/h when the temperature increased from 16 to 30 degrees C. A heating system is needed to maintain the medium temperature at 34 degrees C when the ambient air temperature is below 16 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Biological Engineering Department, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 1000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2X4.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ghaly
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000388:Air; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D019649:Food Industry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006361:Heating; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011506:Proteins; D007785:Lactose; D010100:Oxygen