title: The pressure distribution under the bovine claw during square standing on a flat substrate.
abstract: The distribution pattern of pressure over the bovine claw was investigated to test the hypothesis that the ground reaction force is unevenly distributed and makes some regions of the claw more prone to overloading and injury than others. In eight recently trimmed Holstein Friesian cows, the distribution of vertical pressure was measured during square standing with a spatial resolution of 2.6 sensors/cm2 and a temporal resolution of 313 measurements/s. In each animal, the localization of maximum pressure per foot and per claw was determined during five trials. In the front limb, maximum pressures were normally found on the medial claw; in the hindlimb they were located on the lateral claw. In both claws, the highest pressures were found on the sole of the foot and not on the wall. In the front limbs, maximum pressures were located in the posterior portion of the sole; in the hind limb in the anterior portion. There was no difference in the location of the maximum pressure between the medial and lateral claw in either limb. The regions in which these maximum pressures occur are known to be relatively susceptible to injuries. This could indicate a causal relation between the location of pressure concentrations and claw diseases found in clinical observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Wageningen, The Netherlands. vanderTol@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: P P J
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: van der Tol
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Noordhuizen-Stassen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Braam
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Weijs
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000502:physiology*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011312:Pressure; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology