title: Down-regulation of multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes by mycophenolate mofetil.
abstract: The new immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown recently to exert a protective effects in certain animal models of autoimmunity, including diabetes in diabetes-prone bio-breeding (BB) rats. In the present study, the immunomodulatory potential of MMF was investigated in autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) in genetically susceptible DA rats 20 mg STZ/kg body weight (b.w.) for 5 days] and CBA/H mice (40 mg STZ/kg b.w. for 5 days). In both species, short time treatment of animals with MMF (25 mg/kg) during the early development of the disease, as well as continuous MMF treatment, prevented the appearance of hyperglycaemia and inflammatory infiltrates in the pancreatic tissue. Moreover, clinical manifestations of diabetes were suppressed by application of the drug after the onset of clinical symptoms. Treatment with guanosine (1 mg/kg) in parallel with MMF completely reversed MMF activity in vivo, indicating that inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was responsible for the observed suppressive effects. MMF-mediated protection from diabetes correlated with reduced ex vivo spontaneous spleen mononuclear cell (MNC) proliferation and defective adhesive cell interactions. MMF-treated animals also had lower local production of IFN-gamma, as well as IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) production by peripheral tissues (spleen and peritoneal cells), compared to that in control diabetic groups, while IL-10 level was elevated. Together, these data demonstrate that MMF interferes with autoimmune process in streptozotocin-induced diabetes at multiple levels, including lymphocyte proliferation and adhesion, as well as pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maksimovic-Ivanic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trajkovic
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Miljkovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostarica Stojkovic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stosic-Grujicic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006151:Guanosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D006151:Guanosine; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013311:Streptozocin; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid