title: Cervico-vaginal fistula from induced abortions causing subsequent spontaneous midtrimester abortions in Nigerians: case report.
abstract: A report of three cases of cervico-vaginal fistula (CVF) from induced abortions causing subsequent spontaneous mid-trimester abortions and a literature review is presented. Restrictive abortion laws, low contraceptive usage and increased sexual activity consequent upon adverse socio-economic conditions have led to an increase in the prevalence of illegal abortions in Nigeria over the previous two decades. CVF appears to be an emerging complication of such abortions. Cervical cerclage is preferred to trachelorrhaphy in the management of such cases. However, where vaginally performed cerclage does not succeed, the abdominal route should be used as a last resort. After a previous induced abortion, clinicians managing the subsequent pregnancy need to search carefully for cervico-vaginal fistula, which may compromise that particular pregnancy. Appropriate contraceptive use and safe abortions using modern methods in cases of contraceptive failure will prevent such horrendous complications of induced abortions in Nigeria and other developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Iloabachie
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Onah
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009549:Nigeria; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014624:Vaginal Fistula / Q000209:etiology*