title: Regulation of Fas (CD95)-induced apoptosis by nuclear factor-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in macrophages.
abstract: The APO-1/Fas ligand (FasL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are two functionally related molecules that induce apoptosis of susceptible cells. Although the two molecules have been reported to induce apoptosis via distinct signaling pathways, we have shown that FasL can also upregulate the expression of TNF-alpha, raising the possibility that TNF-alpha may be involved in FasL-induced apoptosis. Because TNF-alpha gene expression is under the control of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), we investigated whether FasL can induce NF-kappaB activation and whether such activation plays a role in FasL-mediated cell death in macrophages. Gene transfection studies using NF-kappaB-dependent reporter plasmid showed that FasL did activate NF-kappaB promoter activity. Gel shift studies also revealed that FasL mobilized the p50/p65 heterodimeric form of NF-kappaB. Inhibition of NF-kappaB by a specific NF-kappaB inhibitor, caffeic acid phenylethyl ester, or by dominant expression of the NF-kappaB inhibitory subunit IkappaB caused an increase in FasL-induced apoptosis and a reduction in TNF-alpha expression. However, neutralization of TNF-alpha by specific anti-TNF-alpha antibody had no effect on FasL-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that FasL-mediated cell death in macrophages is regulated through NF-kappaB and is independent of TNF-alpha activation, suggesting the antiapoptotic role of NF-kappaB and a separate death signaling pathway mediated by FasL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Chuanshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xianglin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rojanasakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol