Job stress, unwinding and drinking in transit operators.
OBJECTIVE
This study tests the spillover model of the effects of work stress on after-work drinking, using the variable "length of time to unwind" as a mediator.


METHODS
A total of 1,974 transit operators were contacted and 1,553 (79%) of them participated in a personal interview. Complete data on the variables in this analysis were available for 1,208 respondents (84% men). Using latent variable structural equation modeling, a model was tested that predicted that daily job problems, skipped meals and less social support from supervisor would increase alcohol consumption through the mediator, length of time to unwind and relax after work. Increased alcohol consumption was, in turn, hypothesized to increase drinking problems.


RESULTS
As predicted, skipped meals and daily job problems increased length of time to unwind and had an indirect positive relationship with overall drinking, even when controlling for drinking norms and demographic variables. Overall drinking was positively associated with drinking problems. Supervisor support at work, however, did not significantly influence length of time to unwind. Difficulty unwinding (longer time to unwind) did not have direct effects on drinking problems; however, indirect effects through overall drinking were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
These results provide preliminary support for the mediating role of length of time to unwind and relax after work in a spillover model of the stress-drinking relationship. This research introduces a new mediator and empirical links between job problems, length of time to unwind, drinking and drinking problems, which ground more substantively the domains of work stress and alcohol consumption.
Delaney
William P
WP
Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
Grube
Joel W
JW
Greiner
Birgit
B
Fisher
June M
JM
Ragland
David R
DR
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D014186:Transportation; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*