title: A life-long antiretroviral treatment of congenital HIV disease, associated with a mixed fat redistribution syndrome and osteopenia already occurred during pre-pubertal age.
abstract: An extraordinarily rare case report of mixed fat redistribution syndrome associated with osteopenia but not with relevant metabolic abnormalities is documented in a prepubertal child with congenital HIV infection treated with antiretroviral therapy since the age of six months, up to the present age of 12 years and two months. The possible relationship with prior and present antiretroviral treatment, and with the most recent literature evidences published in both adults and children with HIV disease are discussed, in order to focus these emerging adverse effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy in the paediatric population, and stimulate further investigation in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. manfred@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calza
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiodo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome