title: A study of bedside ocular ultrasonography in the emergency department.
abstract: The use of ocular ultrasonography for the evaluation of emergency patients has recently been described in the emergency medicine (EM) literature. There are a number of potential uses that may greatly aid the emergency physician (EP) and avoid lengthy consultation or other diagnostic tests.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the accuracy of bedside ultrasonography as performed by EPs for the evaluation of ocular pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, observational study took place in a high-volume, suburban community hospital with an EM residency program. All patients arriving with a history of eye trauma or acute change in vision were eligible to participate in the study. A 10-MHz linear-array transducer was used for imaging. All imaging was performed through a closed eyelid, using water-soluble ultrasound gel. Investigators filled out standardized data sheets and all examinations were taped for review. All ultrasound examinations were followed by orbital computed tomography or complete ophthalmologic evaluation from the ophthalmology service. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one patients were enrolled in the study; 26 were found to have intraocular pathology on ultrasound. Of these, three had penetrating globe injuries, nine had retinal detachments, one had central retinal artery occlusion, and two had lens dislocations. The remaining pathology included vitreous hemorrhage and vitreous detachment. Emergency sonologists were in agreement with the criterion standard examination in 60 out of 61 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency bedside ultrasound is highly accurate for ruling out and diagnosing ocular pathology in patients presenting to the emergency department. Further, it accurately differentiates between pathology that needs immediate ophthalmologic consultation and that which can be followed up on an outpatient basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-4007, USA. blaivas@pyro.net
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodoro
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sierzenski
mesh_terms: D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography