title: Insulin inhibits PDGF-directed VSMC migration via NO/ cGMP increase of MKP-1 and its inactivation of MAPKs.
abstract: In this study, we examined the role of insulin in the control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in the normal vasculature. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased VSMC migration, which was inhibited by pretreatment with insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin also caused a 60% decrease in PDGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and activation. Insulin inhibition of MAPK was accompanied by a rapid induction of MAPK phosphatase (MKP-1), which inactivates MAPKs by dephosphorylation. Pretreatment with inhibitors of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway, blocked insulin-induced MKP-1 expression and restored PDGF-stimulated MAPK activation and migration. In contrast, adenoviral infection of VSMCs with MKP-1 or cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ialpha (cGK Ialpha), the downstream effector of cGMP signaling, blocked the activation of MAPK and prevented PDGF-directed VSMC migration. Expression of antisense MKP-1 RNA prevented insulin's inhibitory effect and restored PDGF-directed VSMC migration and MAPK phosphorylation. We conclude that insulin inhibition of VSMC migration may be mediated in part by NO/cGMP/cGK Ialpha induction of MKP-1 and consequent inactivation of MAPKs.
authors.affiliation: The Diabetes Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola 11501, New York.
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Jeffery D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Molkentin
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smolenski
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Begum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D000077214:Becaplermin; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C569718:PRKG1 protein, human; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; C517021:Dusp1 protein, rat; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D006152:Cyclic GMP