title: Procyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds prevents cataract formation in hereditary cataractous (ICR/f) rats.
abstract: Antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids have been reported to prevent the progression of experimentally induced cataracts. However, little is known of the effect of procyanidins, a powerful antioxidant, on cataract formation. This paper investigates the anticataract activity of grape seed extract (GSE, which contains 38.5% procyanidins) in hereditary cataractous rats (ICR/f rats). The ICR/f rats were fed a standard diet containing 0 or 0.213% GSE [0.082% procyanidins in the diet (w/w)] for 27 days. The GSE significantly prevented and postponed development of cataract formation by evaluation of slit lamp observations of the rats' eyes. Lens weight and malondialdehyde concentration in the lens and plasma cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (ChE-OOH) level induced by CuSO4 were significantly lower in the GSE group compared with the control group. The rats were also fed for 14 days either the diet containing 0.085% procyanidin dimer to tetramer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins), the diet containing 0.090% procyanidin pentamer to heptamer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins), or the diet containing 0.093% procyanidin oligomers more than decamer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins). The ChE-OOH levels in the procyanidin pentamer to heptamer and procyanidin oligomers more than decamer groups were significantly lower than in the procyanidin dimer to tetramer group. These results suggested that procyanidins and their antioxidative metabolites prevented the progression of cataract formation by their antioxidative action. The larger molecular procyanidins in the GSE might contribute this anticataract activity.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan. 7161@mail.kikkoman.co.jp
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokutake
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D044946:Biflavonoids; D002386:Cataract / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D044946:Biflavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C017674:procyanidin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002392:Catechin; D005978:Glutathione