title: Behavior of junction channels between rat glomus cells during normoxia and hypoxia.
abstract: The activity of gap junction channels between cultured and clustered carotid body glomus cells of the rat was studied with dual voltage clamping during normoxia (PO(2) 300 Torr) and hypoxia induced by sodium dithionite (Na(2)S(2)O(4)) or 100% N(2). Na(2)S(2)O(4) reduced the saline PO(2) to approximately 10 Torr, whereas 100% N(2) reduced ambient O(2) to approximately 60 Torr. The following observations were made. 1) In normoxia, the intercellular macroconductance (G(j) = 3.0 +/- 1.01 ns, mean +/- SE) was changed unevenly (increased and decreased) under hypoxic conditions by either agent, although N(2) produced the largest changes. 2) The intercellular microconductances of the channels (g(j) = 104.44 +/- 10.16 pS under normoxic conditions) significantly decreased in 100% N(2) but showed depressions and enhancements in Na(2)S(2)O(4). 3) The conductance of single-junction channels (SChs), calculated as g(j) variance/mean g(j), yielded a mean of approximately 17.6 pS. Larger values were obtained with manual measurements of the data (approximately 34 pS). Hypoxic hypoxia (induced by 100% N(2)) significantly depressed the conductance of SChs when calculated from digitized records or from manual measurements. Hypoxia induced by Na(2)S(2)O(4) did not significantly change junctional conductance. 4) The number of intercellular channels, calculated as g(j)/SCh g(j), had a mean of approximately 452 (range 1 to 2,471). During N(2)-induced hypoxia, this number significantly decreased to approximately 84 but remained unchanged during Na(2)S(2)O(4) hypoxia. 5) The mean open time of junction channels varied from 4 to 30 ms in different experiments, having an overall mean of mu = 11.33 +/- 0.33 ms. This value was significantly reduced by 100% N(2) but was not changed by Na(2)S(2)O(4). 6) Intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), 46.2 +/- 4.84 nM under normoxia, significantly increased to 77.32 +/- 11.27 nM with Na(2)S(2)O(4) and to 66.39 +/- 11.64 nM with 100% N(2). It is concluded that 100% N(2) uncouples glomus cells by significantly reducing intercellular macro- and microconductances. Hypoxia induced by Na(2)S(2)O(4) had variable effects. The coupling effects of hypoxia may depend on, or be aided by, increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and/or intracellular pH changes. However, secreted transmitters and ATP plus the effects of hypoxia on second messengers and other cytoplasmic components may also play an important role in this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84108-1297, USA.
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abudara
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eyzaguirre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004594:Electrophysiology; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013431:Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D009584:Nitrogen; C004850:sodium dithionate; D002118:Calcium