title: Effects of early treatment with growth hormone on infarct size, survival, and cardiac gene expression after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effects of growth hormone (GH) on infarct size, survival, and cardiac gene expression in rats with acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals randomly received sc injection of either saline vehicle (n = 98) or GH (2mg/kg/day, n = 105) for 14 days commencing the day of left coronary artery ligation. Infarct size was determined by morphometric analysis at the time of death or at 52 weeks post-surgery. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR after 2-week treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GH decreased infarct size by 18% (P < 0.01) and increased survival by 36% at 52 weeks. GH also significantly reduced cardiac expression of atrial natriuretic factor, beta-myosin heavy chain, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GH for 2 weeks beginning on the day of myocardial infarction produced beneficial effects that were associated with reductions in cardiac gene expression symptomatic of pathological remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Research, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. hkj@gene.com
authors.forename: Hongkui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Renhui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hsienwie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Annie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peale
authors.forename: Nicholas F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Paoni
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D016207:Cytokines; D005353:Fibronectins; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D013006:Growth Hormone; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains