title: [Effect of biochemical markers during pregnancy on the diameter of the vitelline sac].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent research has revealed that vitelline sac and extra-embryonal membranes play an important role in embryo development as well as those assigned to placental tissue in the second and third trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed levels of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG) and prolactin (PRL) and their influence on vitelline sac diameter in uncomplicated pregnancies and complicated pregnancies with symptoms of imminent miscarriage. Serum levels of analyzed hormones were evaluated by ELISA method and women were examined by vaginal sonography. Correlation between analyzed parameters was evaluated using regression and correlation (Pearsons) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of estradiol, progesterone and prolactin were lower in patients with symptoms of imminent miscarriage, than in patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, and the mean diameter of vitelline sac was higher than in control group of patients with uncomplicated pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of biochemical markers of pregnancy on the role of vitelline sac was discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormonal status in pregnancy determines the progression of pregnancy and the diameter of vitelline sac. The diameter of vitelline sac, in early pregnancy, correlates with embryonic heart rate.
authors.affiliation: Klinicki centar, Klinika za ginekologiju i akuserstvo, 21000 Novi Sad, Branimira Cosića 37.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitreski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D015292:Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; D006728:Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin