title: Otolaryngologic aspects of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1803-1806.
abstract: Medical difficulties related to otolaryngology that occurred during the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803-1806) are highlighted. These difficulties included ear and face frostbite, upper respiratory infections, temporal vessel laceration from an air gun accident, neck scrofula, and a pediatric neck mass. The custom of Clatsop Indian head flattening is also described. These descriptions also aim to illustrate the state of otolaryngology during the early 19th century in America.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. eisenm@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lustig
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000266:history; D003469:Culture; D005101:Expeditions / Q000266:history*; D005197:Famous Persons; D005260:Female; D005627:Frostbite / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000266:history*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000266:history; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000266:history; D014481:United States; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000266:history