title: Long-term exposure of E-mu-Pim1 transgenic mice to 898.4 MHz microwaves does not increase lymphoma incidence.
abstract: A total of 120 E mu-Pim1 heterozygous mice and 120 wild-type mice were exposed for 1 h/day 5 days/week at each of the four exposure levels in "Ferris-wheel" exposure systems for up to 104 weeks to GSM-modulated 898.4 MHz radiation at SARs of 0.25, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 W/kg. In addition, 120 heterozygous and 120 wild-type mice were sham-exposed; there was also an unrestrained negative control group. Four exposure levels were used to investigate whether a dose-response effect could be detected. Independent verification confirmed that the exposures in the current study were nonthermal. There was no significant difference in the incidence of lymphomas between exposed and sham-exposed groups at any of the exposure levels. A dose-response effect was not detected. The findings showed that long-term exposures of lymphoma-prone mice to 898.4 MHz GSM radiofrequency (RF) radiation at SARs of 0.25, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 W/kg had no significant effects when compared to sham-irradiated animals. A previous study (Repacholi et al., Radiat. Res. 147, 631-640, 1997) reported that long-term exposure of lymphoma-prone mice to one exposure level of 900 MHz RF radiation significantly increased the incidence of non-lymphoblastic lymphomas when compared to sham-irradiated animals.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Services Division, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Gilles Plains, South Australia, 5086, Australia. TDUtteridge@aol.com
authors.forename: Tammy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Utteridge
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gebski
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Finnie
authors.forename: Barrie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vernon-Roberts
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kuchel
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000235:genetics; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1; D011897:Random Allocation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C496636:Pim1 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1