title: The circadian rhythm of Per1 gene product in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and its modulation by seasonal changes in daylength.
abstract: The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rats maintained under a 12-h light, 12-h dark cycle (LD12:12) as well as of those released into darkness exhibited the rhythm of a clock gene Per1 product, PER1 protein, with the maximum late in the subjective day and early night and minimum in the morning. The rhythm was phase delayed by 6-8 h compared with the reported rhythm of Per1 mRNA in the rat SCN [L. Yan et al. Neuroscience 94 (1999) 141]. Under a long, LD16:8, artificial photoperiod, the interval of elevated PER1-immunoreactivity was at least 4 h longer than that under a short, LD 8:16 photoperiod, due mainly to an earlier PER1 day-time rise under the long photoperiod. Under a natural photoperiod, profiles of the PER1 rhythm in summer and in winter resembled those under corresponding artificial photoperiods; therefore, twilight did not affect the rhythm in a substantial way. Under all photoperiods, when PER1 immunoreactivity was elevated, immunopositive cells were localized in the dorsomedial rather than in the ventrolateral part of the SCN. As the Per1 gene is a part of a molecular clockwork and as the rhythm of its product is modulated by the photoperiod, it appears that the whole molecular clockwork in the rat SCN is photoperiod-dependent and thus shaped by the season of the year.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1084, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. sumova@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumová
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sládek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jác
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Illnerová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D017440:Photoperiod; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012621:Seasons; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539024:Per1 protein, rat; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins