title: The Nuremberg Code: its history and implications.
abstract: The Nuremberg Code is a foundational document in the ethics of medical research and human experimentation; the principle its authors espoused in 1946 have provided the framework for modern codes that address the same issues, and have received little challenge and only slight modification in decades since. By analyzing the Code's tragic genesis and its normative implications, it is possible to understand some of the essence of modern experimental ethics, as well as certain outstanding controversies that still plague medical science.
authors.affiliation: California Institute of Technology, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kious
mesh_terms: D032762:Autoexperimentation; D032781:Codes of Ethics; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D028683:National Socialism; D033281:Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation
keywords: Biomedical and Behavioral Research; Nuremberg Code