title: Prognostication of invasive ductal breast cancer by quantification of E-cadherin immunostaining: the methodology and clinical relevance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tried to improve the evaluation of E-cadherin immunostaining in paraffin sections, to distinguish the less aggressive variants of ductal infiltrating breast cancer from other variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method graded the membrane staining and estimated the fraction of area of cancer tissue stained at the respective staining grade, resulting in an immunohistochemical staining index. At the cut-point 0.35 the index divided all 157 patients (P=0.0188), and 57 node-positive patients (P= 0.0006) into two groups of different survival. In multivariate analysis (all patients) E-cadherin immunoscore was inferior to mitotic index (SMI) (P=0.0002), but still significant (P=0.0031). Among node-positive patients E-cadherin was even more powerful and superior (P=0.0001) to the still significant SMI (P=0.0023), and E-cadherin immunostaining and the mitotic activity (SMI) combined did not need the support of other prognosticators in the Cox model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that E-cadherin immunostaining can be used efficiently in finding patients with favourable outcome among node-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzagheid
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuopio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilmen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Collan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen