Medical ethics in peace and in the armed conflict.
Global medical ethics on the basis of the General Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations is a key subject for the 21st century. World Health Organization's new definition of health includes "spiritual health," a term that has to be defined in international consensus despite different anthropologies, cultures, and religions. Old issues in medical ethics such as assisted suicide are still waiting for global consensus among the "pro-life" and "pro-choice" parties. So far The Netherlands and Belgium are the only countries where euthanasia has been legalized, whereas the U.S. Supreme Court has denied a right of medically assisted suicide. The respect of nature is also the basis for guidelines in new issues in medical ethics such as gene therapy and human cloning, which are controversially discussed. Military medical ethics should provide regulations for morally correct decisions in armed conflicts including the war against international terrorism and in peacekeeping missions. Triage of the wounded, distribution of medical aid, and critical incident stress debriefing for soldiers and their relatives are key issues.
Swiss Academy of Medicine and Ethics, Landquart. andreas.schapowal@medizin-ethik.ch
Andreas G
AG
Schapowal
Hans-Ulrich
HU
Baer
D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008887:Military Medicine; D014857:Warfare