Surgical improvement of brain edema related to hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
BACKGROUND
Patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are at risk for delayed neurological deterioration, especially during the second week after onset. Mass effect due to vasogenic edema caused by ICH has been shown to cause later deterioration. Control of brain edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) are related events that determine outcome. In this study, we compared the effects of three different treatments on brain edema caused by ICH.


METHODS
Thirty-nine patients with ICH were involved in this study. Of these patients, 11 had medical therapy (group A), 15 were treated with stereotactic aspiration plus local administration of urokinase (group B), and 13 underwent conventional craniotomy and hematoma removal (group C). The intracerebral hematoma volume on admission was measured on the the brain computed tomographs (CTs), and the cerebral edema volumes surrounding the hematoma were assessed with CT scans every 5 to 7 days after symptom onset.


RESULTS
The median intracerebral hematoma volumes were 23, 50 and 51 ml in groups A, B and C, respectively. Peak edema volume surrounding the hematoma was observed 5 to 15 days after symptom onset. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was noted between peak edema and hematoma volumes in all groups. The ratio of median peak edema volume to median hematoma volume was 3.280 in group A, which was significantly higher than those in group B (0.745) and group C (0.863) (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed that brain edema induced by hypertensive ICH could be significantly ameliorated by surgical management. Stereotactic aspiration with local administration of urokinase was as effective as conventional craniotomy in reduction of brain edema volume caused by ICH and was characterized by its minimal invasiveness, easy performance, and safety.
Division of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Chuan-Fu
CF
Huang
Zon-Po
ZP
Tsai
Cho-Shin
CS
Li
Kao-Lun
KL
Wang
Yeou-Chih
YC
Wang
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D020299:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013396:Suction; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage
D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator