Relationships between digestibilities of food components and characteristics of wheats (Triticum aestivum) introduced as the only cereal source in a broiler chicken diet.
1. The aim of the experiment was to establish relationships between chemical or physical characteristics of wheats (Triticum aestivum) and digestibilities of food components in broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets. Twenty-two wheat samples, each differing by their cultivar origin, were included at 550 g/kg in diets offered to male Ross broiler chicks. The other main ingredients were soya bean meal (340 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (68.5 g/kg). Diets were given as pellets. 2. In vitro viscosities of wheats measured as potential applied viscosity (PAV) or real applied viscosity (RAV) varied between 1.91 and 6.03, or between 0.95 and 3.81 ml/g (dry matter basis), respectively. Hardness of wheats varied between 17 (soft) and 95 (very hard), and lipase activity of wheats varied from 1 to 13.6 (relative scale). 3. PAV and RAV values were not significantly correlated with hardness. PAV and RAV values were correlated with (80:20) ethanol:water insoluble, water soluble arabinoxylans (r = 0.961, 0.932, respectively), with the amount of water retained by cell walls (r = 0.656, 0.492, respectively), and with lipase activity (r = 0.600, 0.532, respectively. 4. Hardness was correlated with ash (r = -0.484), nitrogen (r = 0.534), mean particle size of wheat flours (r = 0.631), and specific energy of pelleting (r = -0.574). 5. Wheat diets were evaluated in two assays with 3-week-old chicks, with 11 diets per assay. In each assay, a balance experiment was carried out using the total collection method. Growth performance was also measured during the balance experiment. 6. In vitro viscosity parameters were negatively correlated with diet AMEn (P < 0.05), lipid digestibility (P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, protein digestibility (P < 0.05). In vitro viscosity data were positively correlated with food:gain ratio (P < 0.05) and water loss parameters (P < 0.05), and were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with starch digestibility. 7. Wheat hardness-related parameters were correlated (P < 0.01) with individual starch digestibility (hardness, proportion of coarse particles in wheat flour, specific energy of pelleting: r = -0.273, -0.305, 0.212, respectively). 8. Wheat lipase activity was negatively correlated with individual lipid (r = -0.179; P < 0.05) and starch (r = -0.225; P < 0.01) digestibilities and with individual diet AMEn (r = -0.266; P < 0.001). Individual diet AMEn values were correlated (r = 0.175) with the values calculated by the EU AMEn prediction equation (Fisher and McNab, 1987). Among the correlations observed between the individual measured AMEn:EU predicted AMEn ratio and wheat parameters (P < 0.05), the correlation obtained with wheat lipase was the highest (r = -0.195). The correlations with lipase could be explained in part by strong correlations between lipase and in vitro viscosity parameters.
Station de Recherches Avicoles, INRA, Nouzilly, France. carre@tours.inra.fr
B
B
Carré
A
A
Idi
S
S
Maisonnier
J P
JP
Melcion
F X
FX
Oury
J
J
Gomez
P
P
Pluchard
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004063:Digestion; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014783:Viscosity; D015430:Weight Gain
D008049:Lipase