Long-term effects of intermittent interleukin 2 therapy in patients with HIV infection: characterization of a novel subset of CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells.
The long-term immunologic effects of intermittent interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy were evaluated in a cross-sectional study by comparing 3 groups: HIV-seronegative volunteers, HIV-infected (HIV(+)) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and HIV(+) patients receiving HAART and intermittent IL-2. Whole-blood immunophenotyping was performed to study expression of the IL-2 receptor chains on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and to further characterize CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells. Increased CD25 expression, especially in CD4(+) T cells but also in CD8(+) T cells, without increases in expression of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor was detected in the IL-2 group. Up to 79% of naive CD4(+) T cells (median, 61%) from patients in the IL-2 group expressed CD25, and the number of naive CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells correlated positively with both the total and naive CD4(+) T-cell counts. A discrete population of CD45 double intermediate RA(+)/RO(+) CD4(+) cells was also preferentially expanded in the IL-2 group, and the number of these cells strongly correlated with the total CD4(+) count. Despite increases in CD25 expression, T lymphocytes from patients treated with IL-2 did not have increased expression of early (CD69) or late (CD95) activation markers or evidence of recent proliferation (Ki67). Both CD4(+)/CD25(+) and CD4(+)/CD25(-) cells from IL-2-treated HIV(+) patients proliferated in response to mitogens, specific antigens, and T-cell-receptor-mediated stimuli. Thus, intermittent administration of IL-2 in HIV(+) patients leads to preferential expansion of a unique subset of CD4(+) T cells that may represent a critical population in T-cell homeostasis.
Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section, Labotratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH, Building 10, Room 11S-231, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Irini
I
Sereti
Hector
H
Martinez-Wilson
Julia A
JA
Metcalf
Michael W
MW
Baseler
Claire W
CW
Hallahan
Barbara
B
Hahn
Richard L
RL
Hengel
Richard T
RT
Davey
Joseph A
JA
Kovacs
H Clifford
HC
Lane
D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053646:Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
C508017:IL2RA protein, human; C508020:IL2RB protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053646:Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2