Immunization in children with chronic renal failure.
Infections jeopardize children on immunosuppression after organ transplantation. Immunization is protective in healthy children. The aims of this study were to analyze the rate and efficacy of immunization in 62 children undergoing dialysis and renal transplantation (RTPL) between 1987 and 2000. The analysis was based on clinical findings, vaccination certificates, and measurement of specific serum antibodies. A member of the renal unit administered vaccinations. All 62 patients were immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B. Since introduction in 1991 and 1995, 44 and 42 children were also vaccinated against influenza and Hemophilus influenzae type b, respectively. Of 16 patients with a negative history, 14 were given varicella vaccine; 16 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or with nephrotic syndrome were immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae. All vaccinated patients had detectable serum antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B, H. influenzae, and S. pneumoniae. There were 3 infections despite vaccination; 1 patient developed varicella after RTPL and 1 patient on PD had 2 episodes of peritonitis caused by H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. In conclusion, monitoring and administration of the vaccines by the renal team enabled a high immunization rate. Whether vaccines, as documented by antibody titers, or by the low prevalence in the general population promoted the low prevalence of infections remains open, as there were at least a few vaccination failures.
Nephrology Unit, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Guido F
GF
Laube
Christoph
C
Berger
Philippe
P
Goetschel
Ernst
E
Leumann
Thomas J
TJ
Neuhaus
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017211:Treatment Failure
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine