The putative roles of adenosine in insulin- and exercise-mediated regulation of glucose transport and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle.
Skeletal muscle is the primary site of whole-body glucose disposal and is vital in determining the overall insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate management. Insulin and physical exercise are important stimuli for muscle glucose transport and glycogen metabolism. While it is known that both insulin and contraction stimulate muscle glucose uptake and glycogen metabolism, the post-receptor mechanisms are not completely understood. Local metabolic factors, such as adenosine, have been suggested to play a role in insulin and contraction regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. While adenosine has clearly been shown to potentiate insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes and heart muscle, its role in carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle is less clear, with numerous diverging findings published to date. This review article summarizes findings on the putative roles of adenosine in insulin and exercise-mediated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the signalling pathways proposed to be central to these metabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle.
Thong
Farah S L
FS
Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1. fthong@uoguelph.ca
Graham
Terry E
TE
D000241:Adenosine / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D014970:Xanthines; D006003:Glycogen; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D000241:Adenosine