Effect of 2'-benzoyl-oxycinnamaldehyde on RPE cells in vitro and in an experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy model.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether 2'-benzoyl-oxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) induces apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells and has an antiproliferative effect in a proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) model in the rabbit.


METHODS
Fifty percent growth inhibition doses of hRPE cells at 50%, 75%, and 100% confluence were determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis in hRPE cells induced by BCA was shown by DAPI staining. Expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2, GADD45, cyclin D, phospho-MAP kinase, cdk2, and Akt1 at various concentrations of BCA in cultured hRPE cells was examined by immunoblot analysis. In the efficacy study, 2.0 x 10(5) rabbit RPE cells were injected into the vitreous cavity after gas compression, and the eyes subsequently received either sham injections or 600 micro M BCA. Fundus examination was performed before and 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after BCA injection. The toxicity studies were conducted by the same protocol as used for the efficacy evaluation but without the RPE cell injection. Simultaneous electroretinograms were recorded on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after exposure to the drug.


RESULTS
BCA treatment induced apoptosis in hRPE cells. Furthermore, an increase in p53 expression, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, and downregulation of Akt1 expression were observed in BCA-induced apoptotic cells. BCA effectively prevented the proliferation of rabbit RPE cells in the experimental PVR model. BCA exhibited a wide safety margin, showing no evidence of causing retinal toxicity, even at the 600- micro M concentration.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that BCA effectively inhibits proliferation of RPE cells and has a very wide safety margin, indicating a potential therapeutic usefulness in treating PVR.
Lee
Jae Jun
JJ
Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Park
Jong Kuk
JK
Kim
Yun-Taik
YT
Kwon
Byoung-Mog
BM
Kang
Shin Goo
SG
Yoo
Young Do
YD
Yu
Young Suk
YS
Chung
Hum
H
D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056741:Cyclin D; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
D000171:Acrolein; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D056741:Cyclin D; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D016213:Cyclins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins; C426784:2'-O-benzoylcinnamaldehyde; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C074500:AKT1 protein, Arabidopsis; C495894:CDK2 protein, human