Suicide attempts in substance abusers: effects of major depression in relation to substance use disorders.
OBJECTIVE
The authors' goal was to investigate whether subtypes of DSM-IV depression predict suicidal behavior among patients with substance dependence.


METHODS
Major depression among 602 patients with substance dependence was classified as occurring before dependence, during abstinence, or exclusively during periods of substance use. Analyses of patients with the three types of depression included logistic and linear regression.


RESULTS
All three types of depression increased the risk for making a suicide attempt. Major depression that occurred before the patient became substance dependent predicted severity of suicidal intent. Major depression that occurred during abstinence predicted number of attempts.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest the importance of establishing DSM-IV subtypes of depression based on the timing of the occurrence of depression in relation to substance dependence in evaluating suicidal risk among substance-dependent patients.
Aharonovich
Efrat
E
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA. aharono@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
Liu
Xinhua
X
Nunes
Edward
E
Hasin
Deborah S
DS
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology