Emergency department overcrowding in Florida, New York, and Texas.
BACKGROUND
This study was done to determine the incidence, causes, and effects of overcrowding in emergency departments (EDs) in Florida, New York, and Texas.


METHODS
Surveys were mailed to a random sample of EDs in Florida, New York, and Texas. Questions included census, area population, frequency and causes of overcrowding, and impact. Causes of overcrowding were ranked on a 5-point scale.


RESULTS
A total of 300 surveys were sent, and 210 (70%) were returned. Overcrowding was reported in 194 EDs (92%): New York (90%), Florida, (92%), and Texas (95%). Causes of ED overcrowding included hospital bed shortage, high medical acuity of patients, increasing patient volume, too few examination spaces, and shortage of RN staff. Overcrowding resulted in death, permanent disability, additional procedures, and increased length of hospitalization.


CONCLUSIONS
In this survey of EDs, overcrowding was pervasive. Many factors contribute to ED overcrowding. Poor medical outcomes may occur because of overcrowding.
Derlet
Robert W
RW
Division of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817, USA.
Richards
John R
JR
D003441:Crowding; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005431:Florida; D006276:Health Facility Size / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009518:New York; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013781:Texas; D013997:Time Factors