Treatment of active cytomegalovirus disease with oral ganciclovir in renal allograft recipients: monitoring efficacy with quantitative cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction.
Treatment regimens of patients with active cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease require 2-3 weeks of intravenous ganciclovir (GCV) with/without CMV hyperimmune globulin. Oral GCV is effective as a prophylactic agent in prevention of CMV disease. Here we explored the utility of oral GCV as a treatment of active CMV disease. Fifteen renal allograft recipients (CMV donor+/recipient- [53%], CMV donor+/recipient+ [40%] or CMV donor-/recipient+ [7%]) developed active CMV disease. Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction (CMV-PCR) tests were performed at the time of presentation and patients were treated with oral ganciclovir 1 g tid (adjusted for renal function). Patients were monitored for efficacy of treatment by assessment of clinical symptoms and CMV-PCR. Treatment was continued until the CMV-PCR copy number was negative and symptoms resolved. The mean CMV-PCR copy number at the time of diagnosis was 580 copies/microg DNA (nl: < 5 copies/microg DNA). After 5-7 days of treatment, the mean copy number was 65 copies/microg DNA. Fourteen of 15 patients responded well to oral ganciclovir, with complete resolution of clinical symptoms and eradication of CMV-PCR positivity. One patient did not respond to oral ganciclovir therapy due to probable noncompliance. Our data suggest that oral ganciclovir treatment, coupled with careful CMV-PCR monitoring, may be a reasonable alternative to long-term intravenous ganciclovir.
Jordan
Stanley C
SC
Kidney Transplant Program & Transplant Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, LA, CA 90048, USA. sjordan@cshs.org
Vo
Ashley
A
Bunnapradist
Suphamai
S
Toyoda
Mieko
M
Kamil
Elaine
E
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015774:Ganciclovir