Specificity of 14-3-3 isoform dimer interactions and phosphorylation.
Proteins that interact with 14-3-3 isoforms are involved in regulation of the cell cycle, intracellular trafficking/targeting, signal transduction, cytoskeletal structure and transcription. Recent novel roles for 14-3-3 isoforms include nuclear trafficking the direct interaction with cruciform DNA and with a number of receptors, small G-proteins and their regulators. Recent findings also show that the mechanism of interaction is also more complex than the initial finding of the novel phosphoserine/threonine motif. Non-phosphorylated binding motifs that can also be of high affinity may show a more isoform-dependent interaction and binding of a protein through two distinct binding motifs to a dimeric 14-3-3 may also be essential for full interaction. Phosphorylation of specific 14-3-3 isoforms can also regulate interactions. In many cases, they show a distinct preference for a particular isoform(s) of 14-3-3. A specific repertoire of dimer formation may influence which of the 14-3-3-interacting proteins could be brought together. Mammalian and yeast 14-3-3 isoforms show a preference for dimerization with specific partners in vivo.
Aitken
A
A
University of Edinburgh, Division of Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK. Alastair.Aitken@ed.ac.uk
Baxter
H
H
Dubois
T
T
Clokie
S
S
Mackie
S
S
Mitchell
K
K
Peden
A
A
Zemlickova
E
E
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase