Preinvasive diseases of the cervix, vulva, and vagina.
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the epidemiology, treatment, and psychosocial implications of preinvasive disease of the lower genital tract.


METHODS
Review articles, research studies, and government publications.


CONCLUSIONS
Routine cervical cytology has been one of the most successful public health screening programs accomplished over the last 50 years. However, our success has plateaued. The focus now is to address existing barriers to screening and treatment, and to develop an effective triage protocol for the management of abnormal cervical cytology. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING CARE: Nurses as patient advocates are best prepared to meet the culturally sensitive, financially, and geographical challenges of addressing barriers to screening and treatment.
Spinelli
Alice
A
Gynecology/Oncology Department, Holmes Regional Medical Center, Melbourne, FL, USA.
D003127:Colposcopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy