Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and angiostatin are mediators of endothelial cytotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavages of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an extensive alveolar capillary leak, permitting contact between intra-alveolar factors and the endothelium. To investigate whether factors contained in the alveolar milieu induce cell death in human lung microvascular endothelial cells, we exposed these cells in vitro to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants from control patients, patients at risk of developing ARDS, and patients with early- and late-phase ARDS. In contrast to BALF from control patients, a significant cytotoxicity was found in BALF from patients at risk of developing ARDS, with late-phase ARDS, and especially from patients with early-phase ARDS. Subsequently, we determined the levels of factors known to exert cytotoxicity in endothelial cells, i.e., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and angiostatin. BALF from patients at risk of developing ARDS, with early-phase ARDS, and with late-phase ARDS, contained increased levels of TNF-alpha and angiostatin, but not of TGF-beta1, as compared with BALF from control patients. Whereas inhibition of TGF-beta1 had no effect in this setting, neutralization of TNF-alpha or angiostatin inhibited the cytotoxic activity on endothelial cells of part of the early-phase ARDS BALF. These results indicate that TNF-alpha and angiostatin may contribute to ARDS-related endothelial injury.
Hamacher
Jürg
J
Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Surgical Intensive Care, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lucas
Rudolf
R
Lijnen
H Roger
HR
Buschke
Susanne
S
Dunant
Yves
Y
Wendel
Albrecht
A
Grau
Georges E
GE
Suter
Peter M
PM
Ricou
Bara
B
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043168:Angiostatins; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D043168:Angiostatins; D010958:Plasminogen