Endothelin-1 and -3 diminish neuronal NE release through an NO mechanism in rat anterior hypothalamus.
The existence of endothelin binding sites on the catecholaminergic neurons of the hypothalamus suggests that endothelins (ETs) participate in the regulation of noradrenergic transmission modulating various hypothalamic-controlled processes such as blood pressure, cardiovascular activity, etc. The effects of ET-1 and ET-3 on the neuronal release of norepinephrine (NE) as well as the receptors and intracellular pathway involved were studied in the rat anterior hypothalamus. ET-1 (10 nM) and ET-3 (10 nM) diminished neuronal NE release and the effect blocked by the selective ET type B receptor antagonist BQ-788 (100 nM). N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 microM), methylene blue (10 microM), and KT5823 (2 microM), inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase activity, guanylate cyclase, and protein kinase G, respectively, prevented the inhibitory effects of both ETs on neuronal NE release. In addition, both ETs increased nitric oxide synthase activity. Furthermore, 100 microM picrotoxin, a GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, inhibited ET-1 and ET-3 response. Our results show that ET-1 as well as ET-3 has an inhibitory neuromodulatory effect on NE release in the anterior hypothalamus mediated by the ET type B receptor and the involvement of a nitric oxide-dependent pathway and GABA(A) receptors. ET-1 and ET-3 may thus diminish available NE in the synaptic gap leading to decreased noradrenergic activity.
Di Nunzio
Andrea S
AS
Cátedras de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Jaureguiberry
María S
MS
Rodano
Valeria
V
Bianciotti
Liliana G
LG
Vatta
Marcelo S
MS
D000818:Animals; D007025:Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019334:Endothelin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019334:Endothelin-3; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010852:Picrotoxin; D010880:Piperidines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D000071756:Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; C087220:BQ 610; C086539:BQ 788