The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen are increased by formulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.
The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine formulated with Emulsigen (Em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone. In contrast, tgD formulated with Em and either 25 mg of a non-CpG ODN or another immunostimulatory compound, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, induced similar immunity and protection compared to tgD formulated with Em alone, a finding which confirms the immunostimulatory effect of ODN to be CpG motif mediated. Our results demonstrate the ability of CpG ODN to induce a strong and balanced immune response in a target species.
Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3 Canada.
X P
XP
Ioannou
P
P
Griebel
R
R
Hecker
L A
LA
Babiuk
S
S
van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D018899:CpG Islands; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins