CD4+ T lymphocytopenia with disseminated HPV.
BACKGROUND
There have been several reports of HIV-negative patients with chronic idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia, the diagnostic criteria for which are: depressed numbers of circulating T lymphocytes (less than 300/ micro l or less than 20%) on more than one occasion; no laboratory evidence of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection; and the absence of any defined immunodeficiency or therapy associated with depressed levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes.


METHODS
We report a patient with disseminated human papillomavirus infection associated with idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia. A 50-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a 10-year history of widespread verrucae involving the skin and the cervix.


RESULTS
Biopsy from the arm revealed a common wart. PCR analysis performed from the paraffin-embedded block was strongly positive for HPV type 2. Other HPV types (including EV-associated HPV 5, 8, 14, 15, 17) were not found. Further laboratory work up revealed T-cell lymphocytopenia, with an absolute CD4 count of 21. HIV tests were repeatedly negative. She was treated with interferon A 8 million units SQ three times per week with partial improvement. The patient underwent a hysterectomy for cervical dysplasia and a vulvectomy for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. She developed small-cell lung carcinoma and died.


CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis of idiopathic CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia should be considered in any patient with widespread viral, fungal, or mycobacterial infection whose HIV test is negative, and appropriate evaluation of the absolute CD4+ counts should be performed.
Stetson
Cloyce L
CL
Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA. cloyce.stetson@ttmc.ttuhsc.edu
Rapini
Ronald P
RP
Tyring
Stephen K
SK
Kimbrough
Robert C
RC
D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000150:complications*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004819:Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018344:T-Lymphocytopenia, Idiopathic CD4-Positive / Q000150:complications*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
D016898:Interferon-alpha