A research review of the current treatments for radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To review the research studies on the current treatments for radiation therapy-(RT-) induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer.


METHODS
MEDLINE search of the literature from 1966-2001.


RESULTS
Four types of agents (i.e., antimicrobial, coating, anti-inflammatory, and cytokine-like agents) have been evaluated for the management of RT-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. Most of the published studies had relatively small sample sizes and used inconsistent measures to evaluate the extent and severity of oral mucositis. Therefore, definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of any of the agents tested in the prevention and treatment of RT-induced oral mucositis cannot be drawn.


CONCLUSIONS
Oral mucositis remains the most common complication among patients with head and neck cancer. Although a number of strategies and products are being investigated and new directions are promising, the therapies tested to date have not produced consistent results.


CONCLUSIONS
The most effective measure to treat RT-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer is frequent oral rinsing with a bland mouthwash, such as saline or a sodium bicarbonate rinse, to reduce the amount of oral microbial flora. Dental care, consistent oral assessments, and the initiation of a standardized oral hygiene protocol before the initiation of cancer treatment are the most effective approaches for oral mucositis.
Shih
Aishan
A
School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Miaskowski
Christine
C
Dodd
Marilyn J
MJ
Stotts
Nancy A
NA
MacPhail
Laurie
L
D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*