Interactions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 proteins with neurons: possible role in the development of human immunodeficiency virus-1-associated dementia.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia is a severe neurological complication of HIV-1 infection that affects 15-20% of the patients in the late stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV-1-associated dementia is most probably a consequence of HIV-1 infection of the brain rather than of an opportunistic pathogen. The exact mechanism by which the virus causes this disorder, however, is not completely understood. A number of HIV-1 proteins have been shown to be released from HIV-1-infected cells and/or to be present in the extracellular milieu in the HIV-1-infected brain. Moreover, these proteins have been shown to possess neurotoxic and/or neuromodulatory features in vitro. This review describes the possible direct interactions of the HIV-1 proteins gp120, gp41, vpr, tat, rev, vpu and nef with neurons, which might play a role in the development of HIV-1-associated dementia in vivo.
University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
M
M
van de Bovenkamp
H S L M
HS
Nottet
C F
CF
Pereira
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000821:virology*; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000378:metabolism; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000378:metabolism; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000378:metabolism; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000821:virology*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D015693:Gene Products, nef; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D015488:HIV Antigens; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins