Molecular devices of chloroplast F(1)-ATP synthase for the regulation.
In chloroplasts, synthesis of ATP is energetically coupled with the utilization of a proton gradient formed by photosynthetic electron transport. The involved enzyme, the chloroplast ATP synthase, can potentially hydrolyze ATP when the magnitude of the transmembrane electrochemical potential difference of protons (Delta(micro)H(+)) is small, e.g. at low light intensity or in the dark. To prevent this wasteful consumption of ATP, the activity of chloroplast ATP synthase is regulated as the occasion may demand. As regulation systems Delta(micro)H(+) activation, thiol modulation, tight binding of ADP and the role of the intrinsic inhibitory subunit epsilon is well documented. In this article, we discuss recent progress in understanding of the regulation system of the chloroplast ATP synthase at the molecular level.
Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. thisabor@res.titech.ac.jp
Toru
T
Hisabori
Hiroki
H
Konno
Hiroki
H
Ichimura
Heinrich
H
Strotmann
Dirk
D
Bald
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D025222:Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry*; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004579:Electron Transport; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011522:Protons; D012399:Rotation; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D004220:Disulfides; D011522:Protons; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D025222:Chloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPases