Clustering of lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population.
BACKGROUND
The objective of the study was to evaluate the degree of clustering of common lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population and to define subgroups with elevated clustering.


METHODS
Data on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, low vegetable and fruit consumption, excessive alcohol intake, and low physical activity), sociodemographics, and health perception were collected by questionnaire from 16,789 men and women aged 20 to 59.


RESULTS
About 20% of the subjects had at least three lifestyle risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was higher among unemployed, low-educated subjects and those who had experienced health deterioration. All lifestyle risk factors showed significant clustering, except for low physical activity and excessive alcohol consumption. The strongest association was observed for alcohol and smoking (prevalence odds ratio (POR): 2.38; 95% confidence interval: 2.18-2.61). Clustering of smoking and alcohol consumption was strongest among the young subjects (POR: 3.78) and, although moderately, clustering of lifestyle risk factors was elevated in subjects who had experienced a deterioration in health.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that common lifestyle risk factors cluster among adult subjects. The tendency for risk factors to aggregate has important implications for health promotion. Information on high-risk groups will help in planning future preventive strategies.
Schuit
A Jantine
AJ
Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Jantine.Schuit@rivm.nl
van Loon
A Jeanne M
AJ
Tijhuis
Marja
M
Ocké
Marga
M
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires