Comparison of urinary bromide levels among people in East Asia, and the effects of dietary intakes of cereals and marine products.
Groups of people with no occupational exposure to Br-containing chemicals (29-54 year old, mostly women) in Japan, China and Korea, respectively, offered spot urine samples. Those in China and Korea offered 24 h duplicates of foods of the day. Urine samples were analyzed for Br by ECD-gas chromatography (ECD-GC) after derivatization to methyl bromide, and the Br-U was adjusted for a specific gravity of 1.016. Food intake data were based on national statistics and supplemented by the food duplicate data. Mean Br-U was 5.4 and 6.5 mg/l for Japanese men and women, respectively. Mean levels were in a range of 1.8-2.8 mg/l for four groups of Chinese, and 8-12 mg/l for the four groups of women in Korea. Br-U levels among Korean women were close levels reported for occupational exposure to 1- or 2-bromopropane, or methyl bromide. Regression analyses showed that Br-U levels were influenced by the intake of marine products (such as sea algae, sea fish and shellfish) and fruits, and inversely relate to intakes of cereals and potato.
Kawai
T
T
Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Osaka, Japan.
Zhang
Z-W
ZW
Moon
C-S
CS
Shimbo
S
S
Watanabe
T
T
Matsuda-Inoguchi
N
N
Higashikawa
K
K
Ikeda
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001965:Bromides / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet / Q000145:classification*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*
D001965:Bromides