Natural reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus does not boost virus-specific T-cell immunity.
To determine the role of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific cell-mediated immunity during natural reinfection, we investigated whether RSV-specific T-cell responses protect against reinfection and, subsequently, whether reinfection boosts virus-specific memory. In a cohort of 55 infants who were hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis, RSV-specific lymphoproliferative responses in the peripheral blood were measured at three time-points: on admission, 4 wk after admission, and 1 y later, after the second winter season. Memory was defined as a stimulation index (SI) >2. During the second winter season, nasal secretions were collected in every case of a runny nose. Reinfection was diagnosed if immunofluorescence or PCR was positive for RSV. Virus-specific memory was found in one child on admission for primary RSV infection, whereas 4 wk later 44 infants (80%) had memory. Reinfection with RSV was found in 23 infants (43%) during the second winter season. After the second season, memory was found in 20 infants (38%). No differences in SI after the second winter season were found between infants with and without reinfection (2.3 versus 2.1). However, a highly significant correlation was found between SI measured 4 wk after primary RSV infection and SI after the second winter season (r = 0.40, p = 0.001). In conclusion, RSV-specific T-cell responses did not provide protection against reinfection. Moreover, reinfection did not boost RSV-specific T-cell proliferation. To explain both findings, it is hypothesized that RSV-specific T cells fail to expand in vivo upon reinfection.
Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Louis
L
Bont
Jorien
J
Versteegh
Wendy T N
WT
Swelsen
Cobi J
CJ
Heijnen
Annemieke
A
Kavelaars
Frank
F
Brus
Jos M Th
JM
Draaisma
Martha
M
Pekelharing-Berghuis
Ronnie A A M
RA
van Diemen-Steenvoorde
Jan L L
JL
Kimpen
D002460:Cell Line; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007223:Infant; D009426:Netherlands; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines