Lecithin microemulsions for the topical administration of ketoprofen: percutaneous adsorption through human skin and in vivo human skin tolerability.
The potential application of highly biocompatible o/w microemulsions as topical drug carrier systems for the percutaneous delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e. ketoprofen, was investigated. Microemulsions were made up of triglycerides as oil phase, a mixture of lecithin and n-butanol as a surfactant/co-surfactant system and an aqueous solution as the external phase. To evaluate the percutaneous enhancing effect of oleic acid, this compound was used as a component of some o/w microemulsions. The topical carrier potentialities of lecithin-based o/w microemulsions were compared with respect to conventional formulations, i.e. a w/o emulsion, a o/w emulsion and a gel. Physicochemical characterisation of microemulsions was carried out by light scattering and zeta potential analyses. Microemulsions showed mean droplet size < 35 nm and a negative zeta potential, that is -39.5 mV for the oleic acid-lecithin microemulsion and -19.7 mV for the lecithin-based microemulsion. The percutaneous adsorption of the various topical formulations was evaluated through healthy adult human skin, which was obtained from abdominal reduction surgery. Ketoprofen-loaded microemulsions showed an enhanced permeation through human skin with respect to conventional formulations. No significant percutaneous enhancer effect was observed for ketoprofen-loaded oleic acid-lecithin microemulsions. The human skin tolerability of various microemulsion formulations was evaluated on human volunteers. Microemulsions showed a good human skin tolerability.
Paolino
Donatella
D
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
Ventura
Cinzia Anna
CA
Nisticò
Steven
S
Puglisi
Giovanni
G
Fresta
Massimo
M
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012869:Skin Absorption
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D007660:Ketoprofen