The relationship between surgeon and basic scientist.
Basic science research has always been the cornerstone of a solid academic career, even for surgeons. In the past, many cardiothoracic and cardiovascular surgeons have used the large animal laboratory to design surgical operations, refine extracorporeal circulation, improve myocardial protection or simply validate clinical concepts. Today, funding for large animal research has almost disappeared. The basic science areas of 'cellular, molecular, genomics or gene therapy' must be involved to be considered for national or even local funding. This endeavor requires a new generation of surgical scientists and perhaps even more importantly, a new environment for the performance of such research. Academic surgery does not exist without active and long-standing commitment to research. Clinical research focusing on patient outcome remains an important task of the academic surgeon but this paper will focus on the relationship between surgeons and basic scientists and shall concentrate primarily on translational research and its challenge now and in the future. The collaboration between basic scientist and clinician is more essential than ever, because the society still optimally rewards science that has potential clinical applicability [1]. Even within surgical departments, active support and very close contact with PhDs can be essential for the clinical faculty members to be productive, using cellular and molecular techniques. In cardiovascular medicine and biology, there is a great potential to prevent or treat diseases with these techniques. The potential to modify ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation, angiogenesis, restenosis, organ tolerance or cardiomyocyte transplantation to remodel ventricles will be accomplished by a better understanding of cardiovascular biology. Surgeons must plan for a speciality that may look quite different in the next future.
Carrel
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Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland. thierry.carrel@insel.ch
D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D012106:Research; D012586:Science