Potential neurotoxic "agents provocateurs" in Parkinson's disease.
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging, is characterized neurochemically by abnormal and profound loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. A prominent current view is that the excessive degeneration of the dopaminergic system is the outcome of extended insults by environmental neurotoxins or endogenous neurotoxic factors in genetically vulnerable or susceptible individuals. Recent insights into the identities and mechanisms of potential neurotoxic species, which span pesticides, environmental contaminants including heterocyclic amines with beta-carboline (betaC) and isoquinoline (IQ) structures, endogenous DA metabolites or intermediates, neuromelanin, metals, and infectious agents, are presented.
Collins
Michael A
MA
Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Division of Biochemistry, Loyola University School of Medicine, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. mcollin@lumc.edu
Neafsey
Edward J
EJ
D020806:Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
D007546:Isoquinolines; D008670:Metals; D009498:Neurotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004298:Dopamine