The antioxidant cocktail effective microorganism X (EM-X) inhibits oxidant-induced interleukin-8 release and the peroxidation of phospholipids in vitro.
The antioxidant beverage EM-X is derived from the ferment of unpolished rice, papaya, and sea-weeds with effective microorganisms. Oxidative stress enhances the expression of proinflammatory genes, causing the release of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), which mediates a multitude of inflammatory events. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were treated with H(2)O(2) (100 microM) or TNF-alpha (10ng/ml) alone or with the addition of EM-X (100 microl/ml), incubated for 20h, and the release of IL-8, measured using ELISA. EM-X inhibited the release of IL-8 at the transcriptional level in A549 cells. EM-X also decreased the iron/ascorbate dependent peroxidation of ox-brain phospholipids in a concentration dependent manner. A TEAC value of 0.10+/-0.05mM was obtained for EM-X, indicating antioxidant potential. We suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of EM-X are dependent on the flavonoid contents of the beverage.
Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sez. Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
Monica
M
Deiana
M Assunta
MA
Dessi
Bin
B
Ke
Yun-Fei
YF
Liang
Teruo
T
Higa
Peter S
PS
Gilmour
Ling-Sun
LS
Jen
Irfan
I
Rahman
Okezie I
OI
Aruoma
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007700:Kinetics; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016877:Oxidants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016877:Oxidants; D010743:Phospholipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011794:Quercetin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide