Predictors of alkalosis after liver transplantation.
BACKGROUND
Metabolic alkalosis (MA) is common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).


METHODS
The study was conducted to identify factors associated with MA after 285 OLTs. MA, defined as total carbon dioxide content of 30 mEq/L or greater, developed in 115 patients (40%) within the first 3 postoperative days.


RESULTS
By univariate analysis, patients with MA had a greater preoperative carbon dioxide content (24.4 +/- 3 versus 22.9 +/- 2.9 mEq/L; P < 0.0001) and hematocrit (35% +/- 5% versus 33% +/- 6%; P < 0.02), but lower creatinine (0.9 +/- 0.5 versus 1.2 +/- 1.2 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and blood urea nitrogen levels (15 +/- 12 versus 19 +/- 17 mg/dL; P < 0.001) compared with controls. Patients with MA were administered more citrate intraoperatively compared with controls (6.2 +/- 5.2 versus 4.5 +/- 3.6 mEq/kg of body weight; P < 0.02). Patients with MA had a lower postoperative potassium level (3.7 +/- 0.4 versus 4 +/- 0.5 mEq/L; P < 0.0001) and cumulative fluid balance (-0.66 +/- 1.87 versus +0.003 +/- 3.9 L; P < 0.007) compared with controls. By multivariate analysis, preoperative carbon dioxide content (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.31 per mEq/L), creatinine level (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.96 per mg/dL), intraoperative administered citrate (odds ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.71 to 6.53 per 10 mEq/kg body weight), and postoperative potassium level (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.57 per mEq/L) were independently associated with MA. MA was not associated with increased hospital mortality (7.8% versus 8.2%, MA versus controls). However, patients with MA spent more time on mechanical ventilation than controls (5 +/- 0.8 versus 3 +/- 0.6 days; P < or = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative total carbon dioxide content, renal function, intraoperative administered citrate, and postoperative potassium level are independently associated with MA after primary OLT.
Contreras
Gabriel
G
Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA. gabriel.contreras@med.va.gov
Garces
Galo
G
Reich
James
J
Banerjee
Debasish
D
Young
Larry
L
Cely
Cynthia
C
Gadalean
Florin
F
Perez
Guido
G
Roth
David
D
D000471:Alkalosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000150:complications; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
D001639:Bicarbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019343:Citric Acid