Activated charcoal is more effective than equilibrium dialysis in removing Chinese medicines Chan Su and Dan Shen from serum and activated charcoal also prevents further absorption of these agents from G.I. tract in mice: monitoring the effect in clinical laboratory by measuring digoxin activity in serum.
BACKGROUND
Chinese medicines are freely available without prescription and are widely used by the general population. Chan Su and Dan Shen are both indicated for the treatment of cardiac diseases. Severe toxicity from Chan Su has been reported. We studied the possibility of removing Chan Su and Dan Shen from human sera using activated charcoal and equilibrium dialysis, and also examined the potential benefit of preventing absorption of these agents from the G.I. tract in the mouse model.


METHODS
For in vitro studies, drug-free serum pools were supplemented with Chan Su or Dan Shen and then either treated with activated charcoal (10 and 25 mg/ml), or passed through a column packed with activated charcoal. Serum pools supplemented with Chan Su or Dan Shen were also subjected to equilibrium dialysis against phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) using dialysis membrane with molecular cut-off of 25,000 Da. Removal of Chan Su or Dan Shen from the serum was monitored by measuring the apparent digoxin concentration using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for digoxin (Abbott Laboratories).


RESULTS
We observed the fast and effective removal of both Chan Su and Dan Shen from the serum by activated charcoal. We also observed significant removal of both Chan Su and Dan Shen when the serum pools containing these Chinese medicines were passed through columns packed with activated charcoal. Although equilibrium dialysis was also effective in removing these Chinese medicines from the serum, 24 h was required for complete removal of Dan Shen activity, and for Chan Su, complete removal was not achieved even after 24 h. In our in vivo model, we observed significantly less digoxin activity in the group of mice that received activated charcoal compared to the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Activated charcoal is effective in preventing absorption of these Chinese medicines from the G.I. tract and can also remove these agents from the serum.
Dasgupta
Amitava
A
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 2.292, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Amitava.Dasgupta@uth.tmc.edu
Wahed
Amer
A
Culton
Lisa
L
Olsen
Margaret
M
Wells
Alice
A
Actor
Jeffrey K
JK
D000818:Animals; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000378:metabolism*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003956:Dialysis; D004077:Digoxin / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D051379:Mice; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza
D002018:Bufanolides; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D010936:Plant Extracts; C095591:chan su; D002606:Charcoal; C028972:dan-shen root extract; D004077:Digoxin