Phospholipase D in hormonal and stress signaling.
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a family of diverse enzymes that are differentially regulated by Ca(2+), polyphosphoinositides, free fatty acids, G-proteins, N-acylethanolamines, and membrane lipid environments. Two new types of PLDs were identified in the past year: one is activated by oleic acid and the other requires no cation for activity. The oleate-stimulated PLD is associated with the plasma membrane and binds to microtubules. The Ca(2+)-independent PLD contains a PX and a PH domain, but not the Ca(2+)/phospholipid-binding C2 domain found in most plant PLDs. The mechanism by which Ca(2+), phosphoinositides, and G proteins regulate certain PLDs is better understood. PLDs and their product phosphatidic acid are involved in various stress responses, including water deficits, salts, wounding, and elicitation. Increasing evidence supports a role of PLD in the abscisic acid signaling cascades.
Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. wangs@ksu.edu
Xuemin
X
Wang
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003890:Desiccation; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010739:Phospholipase D; D002118:Calcium