Major obstetric interventions among encamped refugees and the local population in Turkana District, Kenya.
BACKGROUND
Maternal mortality in developing countries remains high due to lack of appropriate emergency obstetric care. Major obstetric intervention (MOI) rate can be used as an indicator of unmet obstetric needs and quality of care.


OBJECTIVE
Identify indications for major obstetric interventions, determine MOI rates and assess extent of unmet obstetric need for women in Turkana district, Kenya.


METHODS
Descriptive bi-directional study.


METHODS
Turkana district: Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kakuma Catholic Mission and Lodwar District Hospitals.


METHODS
Four thousand two hundred and eighty encamped refugee women and 7,630 women from the host population delivering in Turkana district between January 1995 and September 1999.


METHODS
Maternity registers, inpatient case notes and theatre registers.


METHODS
Maternal mortality, perinatal mortality, major obstetric interventions, unmet obstetric need and length of stay.


RESULTS
The subjects from the two study populations were similar with respect to age, parity and indications for surgical intervention. Caesarean section was the only major obstetric intervention. Overall, caesarean section rate was significantly higher among refugees than in the host population (3.1% versus 2.1%, p<0.01; CI 1.4-2.1). Maternal indications were the main reasons for c/s in both populations, with the c/s rate being higher for refugees than for local women (2.5% versus 1.7%). At least 0.8% of parturient women from the host population had unmet obstetric needs: this translates to 61 pregnant women who may have died or experienced birth-related complications over the study period. The mean length of hospital stay was much less for refugee women than for the host population (8.1 days versus 11.3 days).


CONCLUSIONS
Encamped refugee women in Kakuma have better obstetric care than those from the host population, and the level of unmet obstetric needs in the district is high. This imbalance could be reduced through resource sharing and integration of refugee health care services with that for the host population.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
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W
Odero
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B
Otieno-Nyunya
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D020380:Needs Assessment; D013513:Obstetric Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*