Biosynthesis of iron-sulphur clusters is a complex and highly conserved process.
Iron-sulphur ([Fe-S]) clusters are simple inorganic prosthetic groups that are contained in a variety of proteins having functions related to electron transfer, gene regulation, environmental sensing and substrate activation. In spite of their simple structures, biological [Fe-S] clusters are not formed spontaneously. Rather, a consortium of highly conserved proteins is required for both the formation of [Fe-S] clusters and their insertion into various protein partners. Among the [Fe-S] cluster biosynthetic proteins are included a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme (NifS) that is involved in the activation of sulphur from l-cysteine, and a molecular scaffold protein (NifU) upon which [Fe-S] cluster precursors are formed. The formation or transfer of [Fe-S] clusters appears to require an electron-transfer step. Another complexity is that molecular chaperones homologous to DnaJ and DnaK are involved in some aspect of the maturation of [Fe-S]-cluster-containing proteins. It appears that the basic biochemical features of [Fe-S] cluster formation are strongly conserved in Nature, since organisms from all three life Kingdoms contain the same consortium of homologous proteins required for [Fe-S] cluster formation that were discovered in the eubacteria.
Frazzon
J
J
Department of Food Sciences, ICTA, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Allegre, RS, 91051-970, Brazil.
Fick
J R
JR
Dean
D R
DR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016948:Azotobacter vinelandii / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; C411665:IscU protein, E coli