Skeletal muscle triglycerides lowering is associated with net improvement of insulin sensitivity, TNF-alpha reduction and GLUT4 expression enhancement.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between intramyocytic triglycerides levels, muscle TNF-alpha and GLUT4 expression and insulin resistance.


METHODS
Insulin sensitivity was studied in 14 severely obese women (BMI>40 kg/m(2)), before and 6 months after low-dietary intake or bariatric malabsorptive surgery (bilio-pancreatic diversion, BPD), by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique, while the amount of intramyocytic triglycerides was chemically measured in needle muscle biopsies. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the muscle mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and GLUT4 was also investigated.


RESULTS
The weight loss after surgery was 25.98+/-5.81 kg (P<0.001), while that obtained with the diet was 5.07+/-5.99 kg (P=NS). Marked decrease in TNF-alpha mRNA levels (76.67+/-12.59 to 14.01+/-5.21 AU, P<0.001) were observed in comparison with pre-treatment, whereas GLUT4 was significantly increased (62.25+/-11.77-124.25+/-21.01 AU, P<0.001) only in BPD patients. Increased glucose uptake (M) was accompanied by a significant decrease of TNF-alpha mRNA (76.67+/-12.59-14.01+/-5.21 AU, P<0.01) and an increase of GLUT4. The amounts of TNF-alpha mRNAs in skeletal muscle correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNAs and directly with intramyocytic triglycerides levels. In a step-down regression analysis (r(2)=0.95) TNFalpha mRNA (P=0.0014), muscular TG levels (P=0.018), and GLUT4 mRNA (P=0.028) resulted to be the most powerful independent variables for predicting M values.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that insulin resistance in morbidly obese patients is positively associated to the intramyocytic triglycerides content and to TNF-alpha gene expression and inversely correlated to GLUT4 expression.
Mingrone
G
G
Istituto di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica S Cuore, Rome, Italy. gmingrone@rm.unicatt.it
Rosa
G
G
Di Rocco
P
P
Manco
M
M
Capristo
E
E
Castagneto
M
M
Vettor
R
R
Gasbarrini
G
G
Greco
A V
AV
D000328:Adult; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha