Lack of association between patient ethnicity or race and fracture analgesia.
OBJECTIVE
Ethnic and racial differences in the provision of emergency department (ED) analgesia for long-bone fractures have recently been reported in two large cities. The authors sought to determine, in a third city, whether nonwhite patients with long-bone fractures were less likely to receive analgesics than white patients with similar injuries.


METHODS
At an urban Level 1 trauma center and teaching hospital, a retrospective cohort study was conducted of all ED patients aged 18 to 55 years seen from July 1, 1998, through June 30, 1999, with an ED discharge diagnosis of isolated long-bone fracture identified by ICD-9 codes 812, 813, 821, and 823. Exclusion criteria included injury more than 12 hours prior to presentation or a Glasgow Coma Scale score of less than 14. The main outcome measure was ED analgesia administration.


RESULTS
Three hundred twenty-three patients met inclusion criteria; 181 were white, 58 African American, 46 Hispanic, 38 Asian. All ethnic/racial groups were equally likely to receive no analgesia or no parenteral analgesia. The overall risk for no analgesia was 20% and for no parenteral analgesia was 31%. Stratification and multiple logistic regression to control for gender, bone fractured, and need for reduction failed to identify any trend toward reduced analgesia administration in any ethnic/racial group.


CONCLUSIONS
In contrast to two recently reported studies, at this urban trauma center and teaching hospital ED, there was no difference in the administration of analgesics to white and nonwhite patients with long-bone fractures.
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Eloisa F
EF
Fuentes
Michael A
MA
Kohn
Martha L
ML
Neighbor
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000698:Analgesia / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000592:standards; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000592:standards; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data