ESR and cell culture studies on free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of isoflavonoids.
Isoflavonoids are thought to be the biologically active components in soy that play a role in the prevention of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. Mechanisms to explain how isoflavonoids mediate beneficial effects have not yet been clearly established. This study was undertaken to investigate the free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of various structure-related isoflavonoids including genistein, daidzein, biochanin A, and genistin in a cell-free and an endothelial cell model system. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and spin trapping techniques were applied to evaluate the ability of isoflavonoids to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, galvinoxyl, and lipid-derived radicals. All isoflavonoids tested had no significant scavenging effects on the aforementioned radicals in concentrations up to 1.0 mM. However, at a physiologically achievable concentration of 5 nM, both genistein and daidzein slightly increased intracellular-reduced glutathione levels approximately by 10 and 30%, respectively, in human endothelial cells, whereas cellular alpha-tocopherol and uric acid remained unchanged by the isoflavonoid treatments. Present data indicate that free radical-scavenging activities of the isoflavonoids tested probably do not substantially contribute to their antioxidant properties. The ability of genistein and daidzein to increase cellular GSH (reduced glutathione) might be important for their action in biological system.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Qiong
Q
Guo
Gerald
G
Rimbach
Hadi
H
Moini
Stefan
S
Weber
Lester
L
Packer
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007529:Isoflavones; D016877:Oxidants; D010851:Picrates; D013481:Superoxides; D014810:Vitamin E; C040641:genistin; D014527:Uric Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C004742:daidzein; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D019833:Genistein; D005978:Glutathione; C004541:biochanin A