Serotonin transporter gene promoter variants do not explain the hyperserotoninemia in autistic children.
Autism is a biologically-heterogeneous disease. Distinct subgroups of autistic patients may be marked by intermediate phenotypes, such as elevated serotonin (5-HT) blood levels, potentially associated with different underlying disease mechanisms. This could lead to inconsistent genetic association results, such as those of prior studies on serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene promoter variants and autistic disorder. Contributions of 5-HTT gene promoter alleles to 5-HT blood levels were thus investigated in 134 autistic patients and 291 first-degree relatives. Mean 5-HT blood levels are 11% higher in autistic patients carrying the L/L genotype, compared to patients with the S/S or S/L genotype; this trend is not observed in first-degree relatives. The probability of inheriting L or S alleles is significantly enhanced in patients with 5-HT blood levels above or below the mean, respectively (P < 0.05), but quantitative TDT analyses yield a non-significant trend (P = 0.10), as this polymorphism explains only 2.5% of the variance in 5-HT blood levels of autistic patients. In conclusion, 5-HTT gene promoter variants seemingly exert a small effect on 5-HT blood levels in autistic children, which largely does not account for hyperserotoninemia. Nonetheless, the inconsistent outcome of prior association studies could partly stem from a selection bias of hyper- or hypo-serotoninemic probands.
Persico
A M
AM
Laboratory of Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center for Biomedical Research (CIR), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Longoni 83, I-00155 Rome, Italy.
Pascucci
T
T
Puglisi-Allegra
S
S
Militerni
R
R
Bravaccio
C
C
Schneider
C
C
Melmed
R
R
Trillo
S
S
Montecchi
F
F
Palermo
M
M
Rabinowitz
D
D
Reichelt
K-L
KL
Conciatori
M
M
Marino
R
R
Keller
F
F
D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D012701:Serotonin