Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of commercial corn (Zea mays) hybrids in Mississippi.
Resistance to mycotoxin contamination was compared in field samples harvested from 45 commercial corn (maize) hybrids and 5 single-cross aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines in years with high and moderate heat stress. In high heat stress, mycotoxin levels were (4.34 +/- 0.32) x 10(3) microg/kg [(0.95-10.5 x 10(3) microg/kg] aflatoxins and 11.2 +/- 1.2 mg/kg (0-35 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 370 +/- 88 microg/kg (140-609 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 4.0 +/- 1.3 mg/kg (1.7-7.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. Deoxynivalenol was detected (one-fourth of the samples, 0-1.5 mg/kg), but not zearalenone. In moderate heat stress, mycotoxin levels were 6.2 +/- 1.6 microg/kg (0-30.4 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 2.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-4.8 mg/kg) fumonisins in commercial hybrids and 1.6 +/- 0.7 microg/kg (0-7 microg/kg) aflatoxins and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/kg (0.5-3.0 mg/kg) fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines. The results are consistent with heat stress playing an important role in the susceptibility of corn to both aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, with significant reductions of both aflatoxins and fumonisins in aflatoxin-resistant germplasm lines.
Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, Mississippi 38766, USA. habbas@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov
Hamed K
HK
Abbas
W Paul
WP
Williams
Gary L
GL
Windham
Horace C
HC
Pringle
Weiping
W
Xie
W Thomas
WT
Shier
D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005506:Food Contamination; D037341:Fumonisins; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008922:Mississippi; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
D000348:Aflatoxins; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D037341:Fumonisins; C056933:fumonisin B1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1