Pneumococcal infections in humans are associated with increased apoptosis and trafficking of type 1 cytokine-producing T cells.
Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The immunopathology is characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction, including a strong acute-phase response and increased numbers of neutrophils in the circulation. However, little is known regarding the T-cell response during in vivo infections in humans. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that activated T cells producing type 1 cytokines were engaged in the host response to pneumococcal infections. The phenotype and function of T cells were studied in 22 patients at admission to a department of infectious diseases and after antibiotic treatment for 1 week compared with an age-matched, healthy control group. Pneumococcal infections induced lymphopenia in the circulation due to the disappearance of activated T lymphocytes with a type 1 cytokine profile. In contrast, the numbers of naive T cells and interleukin-4-producing T cells did not change. Activated type 1 cytokine-producing cells reappeared in the circulation in relation to the treatment and clinical improvement. The underlying mechanisms during infection may include sequestration in the peripheral tissues and/or apoptosis. In fact, increased activation-induced apoptosis in the remaining peripheral lymphocytes and elevated levels of soluble Fas ligand were detected at admission to the hospital. In conclusion, these data suggest that activated T lymphocytes with a type 1 cytokine profile are highly engaged in the in vivo immune response to S. pneumoniae.
Kemp
Kåre
K
Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bruunsgaard
Helle
H
Skinhøj
Peter
P
Klarlund Pedersen
Bente
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
D016207:Cytokines; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma