Improvement of interleukin 2 production, clonogenic capability and restoration of stromal cell function in human immunodeficiency virus-type-1 patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Haematological abnormalities frequently occur in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). Increasing evidence indicates that bone marrow suppression (BM) results from viral infection of accessory cells, with impaired stromal function and alteration of haematopoietic growth factor network. We have investigated the effects of antiretroviral therapy on cytokine and chemokine production by BM cells and stromal cells in a group of HIV-1-infected subjects before and during treatment. Compared with uninfected controls, an altered cytokine and chemokine production by BM cells was observed before treatment, characterized by decreased interleukin 2 (IL-2) and elevated tumour necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) levels, along with a defective BM clonogenic activity. Antiretroviral therapy showed increased BM clonogenic capability, associated with normalization of IL-2 production and chemokine receptors expression on CD34+ cells. Pre-therapy, BM accessory cells were represented by macrophage-like cells, in some cases positive for HIV-1 DNA, suggesting that these cells are the main target of HIV-1 infection. During therapy, the stromal cells became predominantly fibroblastoid-like, as observed in normal controls, and were negative for HIV-1 DNA. Controlling HIV-1 replication may produce amelioration of stem cell activity, and restoration of stromal cell pattern and functions, with increased IL-2 production at BM level.
Isgrò
Antonella
A
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
Aiuti
Alessandro
A
Mezzaroma
Ivano
I
Addesso
Maria
M
Riva
Elisabetta
E
Giovannetti
Antonello
A
Mazzetta
Francesca
F
Alario
Cecilia
C
Mazzone
Annamaria
A
Ruco
Luigi
L
Aiuti
Fernando
F
D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018925:Chemokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4