Antibody-targeted chemotherapy of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse using Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin).
We analyzed the safety and efficacy of Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin, an antibody-targeted chemotherapy consisting of a humanized anti-CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin, a potent antitumor antibiotic) in the treatment of 101 patients > or =60 years of age with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in untreated first relapse in three open-label trials. Mylotarg is administered as a 2-h intravenous infusion at 9 mg/m(2) for two doses with 14 days between doses. The overall remission rate was 28%, with complete remission (CR) in 13% of patients and complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) in 15%. Median survival was 5.4 months for all patients and 14.5 months and 11.8 months for patients achieving CR and CRp, respectively. CD33 antigen is present on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells; thus, an expected high incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (99%) and thrombocytopenia (99%) was observed. The incidences of grade 3 or 4 elevations of bilirubin and hepatic transaminases were 24% and 15%, respectively. There was a low incidence of grade 3 or 4 mucositis (4%) and infections (27%) and no treatment-related cardiotoxicity, cerebellar toxicity, or alopecia. Mylotarg is an effective treatment for older patients with CD33-positive AML in first relapse and has acceptable toxicity.
Larson
R A
RA
Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
Boogaerts
M
M
Estey
E
E
Karanes
C
C
Stadtmauer
E A
EA
Sievers
E L
EL
Mineur
P
P
Bennett
J M
JM
Berger
M S
MS
Eten
C B
CB
Munteanu
M
M
Loken
M R
MR
Van Dongen
J J M
JJ
Bernstein
I D
ID
Appelbaum
F R
FR
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D000079982:Gemtuzumab; D006801:Humans; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3; D015996:Survival Rate
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; C571163:CD33 protein, human; D000922:Immunotoxins; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3; D000079982:Gemtuzumab