Two-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in B(6)C(3)F(1) mice with 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), a novel anti-HIV and contraceptive agent.
The zidovudine derivative, 5-bromo-6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxy alaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), is a dual-function spermicidal and anti-HIV agent with contraceptive and microbicidal activity. In previous two subchronic toxicity studies, intravaginal application of 0.5-2.0% WHI-07, for up to 13 weeks, was shown to cause no local, systemic or reproductive toxicity. To evaluate the toxicity and carcinogenic potential of long-term exposure to WHl-07, groups of 50 female B(6)C(3)F(1) mice were given no treatment or exposed intravaginally to a gel-microemulsion formulation with and without 2.0% WHI-07, 5 days per week for 2 years. The dose of WHI-07 was equivalent to 5700 times its spermicidal EC(50) and 5.7x10(6) times its anti-HIV IC(50). The endpoints that were evaluated included survival, body weight, hematologic and clinical chemistry profiles, absolute and relative organ weights, and histopathology. No significant differences in mean body weight gain and survival were found among the groups of untreated control, placebo control, and 2% WHI-07-treated mice at the end of the 2-year study. The hematological and clinical chemistry profiles did not reveal any toxicologically significant changes that could be attributed to WHI-07 treatment. No clinically significant changes in absolute and relative organ weights were noted in the WHI-07 group. A variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions which were considered incidental, related to aging, or procedural, were observed in both the untreated and intravaginally treated groups. The proportion of animals with malignant tumors, the total number of malignant tumors, as well as the types of malignant tumors in the three groups was similar. The cumulative incidence of microscopic lesions in various organs showed that malignant lymphoma was the major cause of death in aging female B(6)C(3)F(1) mice, the incidence of which was unaffected by intravaginal treatment. We conclude that long-term intravaginal administration of WHI-07 is not associated with systemic toxicity or increased carcinogenicity in mice. WHI-07 has clinical potential as an active ingredient of a safe vaginal/rectal microbicide.
Department of Reproductive Biology, Parker Hughes Institute, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA. odcruz@ih.org
Osmond J
OJ
D'Cruz
Douglas
D
Erbeck
Barbara
B
Waurzyniak
Fatih M
FM
Uckun
D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*
C114570:5-bromo-6-methoxy-5, 6-dihydro-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D004655:Emulsions; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate; D015215:Zidovudine