Botulinum toxin type A: history and current cosmetic use in the upper face.
This article reviews the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in upper face from both the historic and clinical viewpoints. The published literature and our current experience are outlined. Botulinum toxin type A in the upper face has become an extremely popular cosmetic procedure and is outstandingly safe.
Carruthers
Alastair
A
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000266:history / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000266:history; D017277:Drug Approval; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000266:history / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A