Assessment of the QoL in Italian menopausal women: comparison between HRT users and non-users.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe QoL in a large sample of women attending menopause centres and compare untreated postmenopausal women and matched HRT users by employing the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and two generic instruments, the SF-36 and the EQ-5D.


METHODS
Overall, 2906 women were recruited by 64 menopause centres throughout Italy, of whom 2160 filled in the questionnaire (1093 on HRT and 1067 not on HRT; response rate: 74%).


RESULTS
HRT users tended to be younger, healthier and with shorter menopause duration as opposed to non users, while no major socio-economic differences were present. At multivariate analysis, the presence of chronic diseases, low socio-economic status and living in Southern Italy represented the most important predictors of poor QoL. Furthermore, HRT users showed a lower probability of reporting problems in usual activities and pain/discomfort (EQ-5D), role limitations due to emotional problems (SF-36) and anxiety/fears (WHQ). HRT users also showed highly significant better outcomes in those areas that are more directly attributable to hormonal changes of mid age, namely vasomotor symptoms and sexual problems.


CONCLUSIONS
Although QoL is mainly influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors, HRT has the potential for improving not only symptoms, but also more general aspects of physical and psychological well-being of symptomatic postmenopausal women.
Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 35, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
A R
AR
Genazzani
A
A
Nicolucci
C
C
Campagnoli
P
P
Crosignani
C
C
Nappi
G B
GB
Serra
E
E
Bottiglioni
A
A
Cianci
D
D
De Aloysio
C
C
Donati Sarti
M
M
Gambacciani
P
P
Monteleone
A D
AD
Genazzani
S
S
Guaschino
G
G
Palumbo
F
F
Petraglia
S
S
Schonauer
A
A
Volpe
T
T
Di Paolantonio
M
M
Nagni
A
A
Tempesta
G A
GA
Coronel
D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires