Functional activation of myelin-specific T cells by virus-induced molecular mimicry.
Molecular mimicry is the process by which T cells activated in response to determinants on an infecting microorganism cross-react with self epitopes, leading to an autoimmune disease. Normally, infection of SJL/J mice with the BeAn strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in a persistent CNS infection, leading to a chronic progressive, CD4(+) T cell-mediated demyelinating disease. Myelin damage is initiated by T cell responses to virus persisting in CNS APCs, and progressive demyelinating disease (50 days postinfection) is perpetuated by myelin epitope-specific CD4(+) T cells activated by epitope spreading. We developed an infectious model of molecular mimicry by inserting a sequence encompassing the immunodominant myelin epitope, proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151, into the coding region of a nonpathogenic TMEV variant. PLP139-TMEV-infected mice developed a rapid onset paralytic inflammatory, demyelinating disease paralleled by the activation of PLP139-151-specific CD4(+) Th1 responses within 10-14 days postinfection. The current studies demonstrate that the early onset demyelinating disease induced by PLP139-TMEV is the direct result of autoreactive PLP139-151-specific CD4(+) T cell responses. PLP139-151-specific CD4(+) T cells from PLP139-TMEV-infected mice transferred demyelinating disease to naive recipients and PLP139-151-specific tolerance before infection prevented clinical disease. Finally, infection with the mimic virus at sites peripheral to the CNS induced early demyelinating disease, suggesting that the PLP139-151-specific CD4(+) T cells could be activated in the periphery and traffic to the CNS. Collectively, infection with PLP139-151 mimic encoding TMEV serves as an excellent model for molecular mimicry by inducing pathologic myelin-specific CD4(+) T cells via a natural virus infection.
Olson
Julie K
JK
Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Eagar
Todd N
TN
Miller
Stephen D
SD
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018188:Cardiovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020278:Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018716:Molecular Mimicry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D017945:Theilovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity
D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C435023:myelin proteolipid protein (139-151)