Ellagitannins, flavonoids, and other phenolics in red raspberries and their contribution to antioxidant capacity and vasorelaxation properties.
Analysis of extracts of Glen Ample raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) by gradient, reverse phase HPLC with diode array and tandem mass spectrometry identified eleven anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-(2(G)-glucosylrutinoside), cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-sophoroside, pelargonidin-3-(2(G)-glucosylrutinoside), and pelargonidin-3-glucoside. Significant quantities of an ellagitannin, sanguiin H-6, with an M(r) of 1870 were detected along with lower levels of a second ellagitannin, lambertianin C, which has an M(r) of 2804. Other phenolic compounds that were detected included trace levels of ellagic acid and its sugar conjugates along with one kaempferol- and four quercetin-based flavonol conjugates. Fractionation by preparative HPLC revealed that sanguiin H-6 was a major contributor to the antioxidant capacity of raspberries together with vitamin C and the anthocyanins. Vasodilation activity was restricted to fractions containing lambertianin C and sanguiin H-6.
Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, Graham Kerr Building, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
William
W
Mullen
Jennifer
J
McGinn
Michael E J
ME
Lean
Margaret R
MR
MacLean
Peter
P
Gardner
Garry G
GG
Duthie
Takoa
T
Yokota
Alan
A
Crozier
D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C013515:ellagitannin; C081844:sanguiin H 6