Biochemical characterization of the Pseudomonas putida 3-hydroxyacyl ACP:CoA transacylase, which diverts intermediates of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis.
The 3-hydroxyacyl ACP:CoA transacylase (PhaG) was recently identified in various Pseudomonas species and catalyzes the diversion of ACP thioester intermediates of fatty acid de novo biosynthesis toward the respective CoA thioesters, which serve as precursors for polyester and rhamnolipid biosynthesis. PhaG from Pseudomonas putida was overproduced in Escherichia coli as a C-terminal hexahistidine-tagged (His(6)) fusion protein in high yield. The His(6)-PhaG was purified to homogeneity by refolding of PhaG obtained from inclusion bodies, and a new enzyme assay was established. Kinetic analysis of the 3-hydroxyacyl transfer to ACP, catalyzed by His(6)-PhaG, gave K(0.5) values of 28 microm (ACP) and 65 microm (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA) considering V(max) values of 11.7 milliunits/mg and 12.4 milliunits/mg, respectively. A Hill coefficient of 1.38 (ACP) and 1.32 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA) indicated a positive substrate cooperativity. Subcellular localization studies showed that PhaG is not attached to polyester granules and resides in the cytosol. Gel filtration chromatography analysis in combination with light scattering analysis indicated substrate-induced dimerization of the transacylase. A threading model of PhaG was developed based on the homology to an epoxide hydrolase (1cqz). In addition, the alignment with the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold region indicated that PhaG belongs to alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. Accordingly, CD analysis suggested a secondary structure composition of 29% alpha-helix, 22% beta-sheet, 18% beta-turn, and 31% random coil. Site-specific mutagenesis of seven highly conserved amino acid residues (Asp-60, Ser-102, His-177, Asp-182, His-192, Asp-223, His-251) was used to validate the protein model and to investigate organization of the transacylase active site. Only the D182(A/E) mutation was permissive with about 30% specific activity of the wild type enzyme. Furthermore, this mutation caused a change in substrate specificity, indicating a functional role in substrate binding. The serine-specific agent phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) or the histidine-specific agent diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) caused inhibition of 3-hydroxyacyl transfer to holo-ACP, and the S102(A/T) or H251(A/R) PhaG mutant was incapable of catalyzing 3-hydroxyacyl transfer, suggesting that these residues are part of a catalytic triad.
Hoffmann
Nils
N
Institut für Mikrobiologie der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
Amara
Amro A
AA
Beermann
Br Bernd
BB
Qi
Qingsheng
Q
Hinz
Hans-Jurgen
HJ
Rehm
Bernd H A
BH
D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000201:enzymology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology
D005227:Fatty Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000217:Acyltransferases; C114682:3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases