Deletion of Stat3 blocks mammary gland involution and extends functional competence of the secretory epithelium in the absence of lactogenic stimuli.
The transcription factor Stat3 is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation by many cytokines and is a fundamental mediator of their signals. In the mammary gland, Stat3 activity increases sharply shortly after weaning, and involution is delayed in mice, that contain a mutant Stat3 lacking 33 amino acids including the key tyrosine residue. We have now generated a more extensive mutation of Stat3 through the deletion of exons 15-21 in mammary epithelium. This resulted in the loss of 245 amino acids including the DNA binding and SH2 domains, and Stat3 protein was undetectable. Pregnancy-mediated mammary development and lactation were normal in these mice. Involution was delayed and, remarkably, Stat3-null mammary epithelium maintained its functional integrity and competence even 6 d after weaning, whereas control mammary tissue was rendered nonfunctional within 2 d. The lack of remodeling and functional stasis of the epithelium correlated with the disruption of proteinase activity. Our data demonstrate that mammary tissue can retain its functional competence in the absence of external lactogenic stimuli and demonstrate a delay in the initiation of the irreversible stage of involution.
Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Robin C
RC
Humphreys
Brian
B
Bierie
Ling
L
Zhao
Regina
R
Raz
David
D
Levy
Lothar
L
Hennighausen
D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051152:Clusterin; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014886:Weaning
C495243:Clu protein, mouse; D051152:Clusterin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; C024471:whey acidic proteins; D004247:DNA; D010450:Endopeptidases