The 14-3-3s.
Multiple members of the 14-3-3 protein family have been found in all eukaryotes so far investigated, yet they are apparently absent from prokaryotes. The major native forms of 14-3-3s are homo- and hetero-dimers, the biological functions of which are to interact physically with specific client proteins and thereby effect a change in the client. As a result, 14-3-3s are involved in a vast array of processes such as the response to stress, cell-cycle control, and apoptosis, serving as adapters, activators, and repressors. There are currently 133 full-length sequences available in GenBank for this highly conserved protein family. A phylogenetic tree based on the conserved middle core region of the protein sequences shows that, in plants, the 14-3-3 family can be divided into two clearly defined groups. The core region encodes an amphipathic groove that binds the multitude of client proteins that have conserved 14-3-3-recognition sequences. The amino and carboxyl termini of 14-3-3 proteins are much more divergent than the core region and may interact with isoform-specific client proteins and/or confer specialized subcellular and tissue localization.
Ferl
Robert J
RJ
Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. robferl@ufl.edu
Manak
Michael S
MS
Reyes
Matthew F
MF
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase