The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project: description of a multi-institutional collaboration to identify environmental risk factors for breast cancer.
The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project is a federally mandated, population-based case-control study to determine whether breast cancer risk among women in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, NY, is associated with selected environmental exposures, assessed by blood samples, self-reports, and environmental home samples. This report describes the collaborative project's background, rationale, methods, participation rates, and distributions of known risk factors for breast cancer by case-control status, by blood donation, and by availability of environmental home samples. Interview response rates among eligible cases and controls were 82.1% (n = 1,508) and 62.8% (n = 1,556), respectively. Among case and control respondents who completed the interviewer-administered questionnaire, 98.2 and 97.6% self-completed the food frequency questionnaire; 73.0 and 73.3% donated a blood sample; and 93.0 and 83.3% donated a urine sample. Among a random sample of case and control respondents who are long-term residents, samples of dust (83.6 and 83.0%); soil (93.5 and 89.7%); and water (94.3 and 93.9%) were collected. Established risk factors for breast cancer that were found to increase risk among Long Island women include lower parity, late age at first birth, little or no breast feeding, and family history of breast cancer. Factors that were found to be associated with a decreased likelihood that a respondent would donate blood include increasing age and past smoking; factors associated with an increased probability include white or other race, alcohol use, ever breastfed, ever use of hormone replacement therapy, ever use of oral contraceptives, and ever had a mammogram. Long-term residents (defined as 15+ years in the interview home) with environmental home samples did not differ from other long-term residents, although there were a number of differences in risk factor distributions between long-term residents and other participants, as anticipated.
Gammon
Marilie D
MD
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA. gammon@email.unc.edu
Neugut
Alfred I
AI
Santella
Regina M
RM
Teitelbaum
Susan L
SL
Britton
Julie A
JA
Terry
Mary Beth
MB
Eng
Sybil M
SM
Wolff
Mary S
MS
Stellman
Steven D
SD
Kabat
Geoffrey C
GC
Levin
Bruce
B
Bradlow
H Leon
HL
Hatch
Maureen
M
Beyea
Jan
J
Camann
David
D
Trent
Martin
M
Senie
Ruby T
RT
Garbowski
Gail C
GC
Maffeo
Carla
C
Montalvan
Pat
P
Berkowitz
Gertrud S
GS
Kemeny
Margaret
M
Citron
Marc
M
Schnabe
Freya
F
Schuss
Allan
A
Hajdu
Steven
S
Vincguerra
Vincent
V
Collman
Gwen W
GW
Obrams
G Iris
GI
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water