Semi-empirical relationships between effective mobility, charge, and molecular weight of pharmaceuticals by pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis: applications in drug discovery.
Relationships between effective mobility (m(eff)), calculated charge (Z(c)), and molecular weight (MW) are semi-empirically derived for pharmaceuticals using pressure-assisted capillary electrophoresis (PACE). We determined the m(eff) at 12 different pH points (2.0-11.4) of 66 pharmaceutical-like compounds ranging in MW from 79 to 825 g/mol. Plots of the observed m(eff) values versus Z(c)/MW(x ) (where x is a fractional coefficient) gave linear relationships. For anions, it was found that the best correlation (R(2) = 0.9666) exists when the fractional coefficient is equal to 0.4920, resulting in the equation m(eff) = 0.1853 (Z(c)/MW (0.4920)). For cations, the best linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9861) gave the equation m(eff) = 0.3888 (Z(c)/MW (0.6330)). The m(eff), Z(c)/MW(x) relationships were then applied to: (i) developing a technique for selecting an appropriate pH to achieve optimal separation of pharmaceuticals and (ii) determining the maximum charge of a molecule in the pH range of determination of negative log of the dissociation constants (pK(a)) by PACE, thus enabling the correct choice of model equation to be automated without structure analysis.
Miller
Jonathan M
JM
Pharmaceutical Research and Development, World Wide Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development - Ann Arbor Laboratories, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. jonathan.miller@pfizer.com
Blackburn
Anthony C
AC
Shi
Yi
Y
Melzak
Andrew J
AJ
Ando
Howard Y
HY
D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004583:Electrons; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011312:Pressure
D009930:Organic Chemicals; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations