A comparison of clinical assessment with ultrasound in the management of secondary postpartum haemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment with transabdominal ultrasound in the management of secondary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).


METHODS
A prospective cohort study.


METHODS
Fifty-three women who presented to a teaching hospital obstetric unit with secondary PPH were studied. Patients were divided into those in whom retained placental tissue was or was not the suspected cause of bleeding. This diagnosis was based on history/examination and transabdominal pelvic ultrasound scan. The definitive diagnosis was made following uterine evacuation or was assumed in women who stopped bleeding without surgical management. Likelihood ratio (LR) was used as an accuracy measure.


RESULTS
The positive LR for clinical assessment was 5.5 (95% CI 2.7-12.1) compared with 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.7) for ultrasound. The negative LRs were 0.1 (95% CI 0.04-0.5) and 0.1 (95% CI 0.02-0.5) for clinical and ultrasound assessment, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinical examination and ultrasound scan assessment have limited diagnostic accuracy in secondary PPH.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West Suffolk Hospital, Suffolk, UK.
AnneMarie C
AC
Neill
Richard M
RM
Nixon
Steven
S
Thornton
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010808:Physical Examination; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000150:complications; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; D009640:Norethindrone