A LuxR homolog controls production of symbiotically active extracellular polysaccharide II by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
Production of complex extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) by the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti is required for efficient invasion of root nodules on the host plant alfalfa. Any one of three S. meliloti polysaccharides, succinoglycan, EPS II, or K antigen, can mediate infection thread initiation and extension (root nodule invasion) on alfalfa. Of these three polysaccharides, the only symbiotically active polysaccharide produced by S. meliloti wild-type strain Rm1021 is succinoglycan. The expR101 mutation is required to turn on production of symbiotically active forms of EPS II in strain Rm1021. In this study, we have determined the nature of the expR101 mutation in S. meliloti. The expR101 mutation, a spontaneous dominant mutation, results from precise, reading frame-restoring excision of an insertion sequence from the coding region of expR, a gene whose predicted protein product is highly homologous to the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae RhiR protein and a number of other homologs of Vibrio fischeri LuxR that function as receptors for N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) in quorum-sensing regulation of gene expression. S. meliloti ExpR activates transcription of genes involved in EPS II production in a density-dependent fashion, and it does so at much lower cell densities than many quorum-sensing systems. High-pressure liquid chromatographic fractionation of S. meliloti culture filtrate extracts revealed at least three peaks with AHL activity, one of which activated ExpR-dependent expression of the expE operon.
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Brett J
BJ
Pellock
Max
M
Teplitski
Ryan P
RP
Boinay
W Dietz
WD
Bauer
Graham C
GC
Walker
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000382:microbiology; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C083492:EPSI polysaccharide; C115748:ExpR protein, Erwinia; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C064778:LuxR autoinducer binding proteins; C088386:homoserine lactone; C074896:rhiR protein, Rhizobium leguminosarum; C056779:succinoglycan; D015107:4-Butyrolactone