Work organisation and unintentional sleep: results from the WOLF study.
BACKGROUND
Falling asleep at work is receiving increasing attention as a cause of work accidents.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate which variables (related to work, lifestyle, or background) are related to the tendency to fall asleep unintentionally, either during work hours, or during leisure time.


METHODS
5589 individuals (76% response rate) responded to a questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis of the cross sectional data was used to estimate the risk of falling asleep.


RESULTS
The prevalence for falling asleep unintentionally at least once a month was 7.0% during work hours and 23.1% during leisure time. The risk of unintentional sleep at work was related to disturbed sleep, having shift work, and higher socioeconomic group. Being older, being a woman, and being a smoker were associated with a reduced risk of unintentionally falling asleep at work. Work demands, decision latitude at work, physical load, sedentary work, solitary work, extra work, and overtime work were not related to falling asleep at work. Removing "disturbed sleep" as a predictor did not change the odds ratios of the other predictors in any significant way. With respect to falling asleep during leisure time, disturbed sleep, snoring, high work demands, being a smoker, not exercising, and higher age (>45 years) became risk indicators.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk of involuntary sleep at work is increased in connection with disturbed sleep but also with night work, socioeconomic group, low age, being a male, and being a non-smoker.
National Institute for Psychsocial Factors and Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. torbjorn.akerstedt@ipm.ki.se
Torbjorn
T
Akerstedt
A
A
Knutsson
P
P
Westerholm
T
T
Theorell
L
L
Alfredsson
G
G
Kecklund
D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000209:etiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance