Speech motor control and acute mountain sickness.
BACKGROUND
An objective method that accurately quantifies the severity of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) symptoms is needed to enable more reliable evaluation of altitude acclimatization and testing of potentially beneficial interventions.


OBJECTIVE
Changes in human articulation, as quantified by timed variations in acoustic waveforms of specific spoken words (voice onset time; VOT), are correlated with the severity of AMS.


METHODS
Fifteen volunteers were exposed to a simulated altitude of 4300 m (446 mm Hg) in a hypobaric chamber for 48 h. Speech motor control was determined from digitally recorded and analyzed timing patterns of 30 different monosyllabic words characterized as voiced and unvoiced, and as labial, alveolar, or velar. The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) was used to assess AMS.


RESULTS
Significant AMS symptoms occurred after 4 h, peaked at 16 h, and returned toward baseline after 48 h. Labial VOTs were shorter after 4 and 39 h of exposure; velar VOTs were altered only after 4 h; and there were no changes in alveolar VOTs. The duration of vowel sounds was increased after 4 h of exposure and returned to normal thereafter. Only 1 of 15 subjects did not increase vowel time after 4 h of exposure. The 39-h labial (p = 0.009) and velar (p = 0.037) voiced-unvoiced timed separations consonants and the symptoms of AMS were significantly correlated.


CONCLUSIONS
Two objective measures of speech production were affected by exposure to 4300 m altitude and correlated with AMS severity. Alterations in speech production may represent an objective measure of AMS and central vulnerability to hypoxia.
Cymerman
Allen
A
Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA. allen.cymerman@na.amedd.army.mil
Lieberman
Philip
P
Hochstadt
Jesse
J
Rock
Paul B
PB
Butterfield
Gail E
GE
Moore
Lorna G
LG
D000064:Acclimatization; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009048:Motor Skills; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
NASA Discipline Space Human Factors; Non-NASA Center