Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the thyroid.
Abnormalities of thyroid function are associated with a number of systemic conditions, including patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most patients with early HIV infection and a stable body weight have normal thyroid function. Subtle abnormalities of a number of thyroid function tests have been reported during the early asymptomatic phase of HIV disease. These include an inappropriately normal triiodothyronine (T(3)) and reduced reverse triiodothyronine (rT(3)), and increased thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels. Opportunistic infections involving the thyroid gland, neoplasms such as lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma, and medications can alter the thyroid function in individuals with more advanced HIV infection. If thyroid dysfunction is diagnosed in an HIV-infected patient, it should be treated in the usual manner. However, high index of suspicion and caution in the interpretation of thyroid function tests in patients with HIV disease are needed for optimal diagnosis and treatment.
Koutkia
Polyxeni
P
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Mylonakis
Eleftherios
E
Levin
Robert M
RM
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000821:virology
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents