p53-independent apoptosis in UV-irradiated mouse skin: possible inhibition by 50 Hz magnetic fields.
Our recent results suggest that 50 Hz magnetic fields (MF) enhance ultraviolet (UV)-induced tumorigenesis in mouse skin. The aim of the present experiment was to study suppression of apoptosis as a possible mechanism for MF effects on skin tumorigenesis. Another aim was to test the importance of a UV and MF exposure schedule, particularly the role of MF exposure prior to UV irradiation. Female mice were exposed to a UV dose of 2 human MED and to 100 microT MF of 50 Hz, using the following exposure schedules: group 1 sham MF 24 h, UV 1 h, sham MF 24 h; group 2 sham MF 24 h, UV 1 h, MF 24 h; group 3 MF 24 h, UV 1 h, MF 24 h. Lamps emitting simulated solar radiation (SSR) were used for UV irradiation. Skin samples were analysed for apoptosis, expression of the p53 gene, activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamine concentrations. A significantly (p = 0.017) lower number of apoptotic cells was measured in group 2 compared to group 1. A similar but not statistically significant (p = 0.064) decrease was also detected in group 3. No p53 expression was detected in any sample. The levels of ODC and putrescine did not differ significantly between the UV-only and UV and MF-exposed groups. Spermidine and spermine levels were significantly (p = 0.014 and 0.014, respectively) lower in group 3 than in group 1, but no decrease was observed in group 2. Our findings suggest that SSR induces p53-independent apoptosis in mouse skin and that the apoptotic response may be inhibited by exposure to MF. The exposure schedule did not alter the MF effect. The results do not support a causal role for polyamines in MF effects on apoptosis.
Kumlin
Timo
T
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. timo.kumlin@uku.fi
Heikkinen
Päivi
P
Kosma
Veli-Matti
VM
Alhonen
Leena
L
Jänne
Juhani
J
Juutilainen
Jukka
J
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D011073:Polyamines; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase