Role of CD44 in activation-induced cell death: CD44-deficient mice exhibit enhanced T cell response to conventional and superantigens.
T cells upon activation are known to up-regulate CD44 expression. However, the precise function of CD44 on activated T cells is not clear. In this report, we demonstrate that signaling through CD44 plays an important role in activation-induced cell death (AICD). CD44 knockout (KO) mice had an elevated in vivo primary and in vitro secondary response to challenge with conalbumin, anti-CD3 mAb and staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), which correlated with reduced AICD when compared to CD44 wild-type mice. In addition, CD44 KO mice exhibited increased delayed-type hypersensitivity response to dinitrofluorobenzene. In a model examining in vitro AICD, splenocytes from CD44 KO mice showed resistance to TCR-mediated apoptosis when compared to splenocytes from CD44 wild-type mice. In addition, signaling through CD44 led to increased apoptosis in TCR-activated but not resting T cells from CD44 wild-type mice without affecting Fas expression. Injection of SEA into mice deficient in CD44 and Fas (CD44 KO/lpr) led to an increased primary response when compared to mice that expressed CD44 but not Fas (CD44 WT/lpr), suggesting that the enhanced response to SEA was dependent on CD44 but not Fas expression. Administration of anti-CD44 mAb into CD44 wild-type mice caused a significant decrease in antigen-specific T cell response. Together, these data implicate CD44 as an important regulator of AICD in T cells. Furthermore, targeting CD44 in vivo may constitute a novel approach to induce apoptosis in activated T cells, and therefore to treat autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection and graft versus host disease.
Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
Robert J
RJ
McKallip
Yoon
Y
Do
Michael T
MT
Fisher
John L
JL
Robertson
Prakash S
PS
Nagarkatti
Mitzi
M
Nagarkatti
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D003207:Conalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018089:Superantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis
D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D018089:Superantigens; D019014:fas Receptor; D003207:Conalbumin