Steryl phenolic acid esters in cereals and their milling fractions.
The steryl ferulate contents of rye and wheat grains and their milling fractions were analyzed using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. HPLC-mass spectrometry was used for identification. In addition, steryl ferulates of some selected milling byproducts were determined. The total steryl ferulate contents of rye and wheat grains were 6.0 and 6.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Uneven distribution of steryl ferulates in the grains led to considerable differences in the milling products; their steryl ferulate contents ranged from trace amounts in flours with low ash content to 20 and 34 mg/100 g in rye and wheat brans, respectively. Campestanyl ferulate and sitostanyl ferulate were the main components, followed by campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate, whereas sitosterol was the main component in total sterols. Among the other samples, a byproduct of rice milling (pearling dust) was the best source of steryl ferulates, its total steryl ferulate content being 119 mg/100 g, whereas no measurable amounts of steryl ferulates were measured in oat bran or pearling dust of barley. The results indicated that rye and wheat and especially their bran fractions are comparable to corn as steryl ferulate sources.
Hakala
Piia
P
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, P.O. Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 11, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Lampi
Anna-Maija
AM
Ollilainen
Velimatti
V
Werner
Ulrike
U
Murkovic
Michael
M
Wähälä
Kristiina
K
Karkola
Sampo
S
Piironen
Vieno
V
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis*; D012434:Secale / Q000737:chemistry; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004952:Esters; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010840:Phytosterols; C004999:ferulic acid; C017616:phenolic acid