Cytophotometrical and immunohistochemical analysis of soft palate muscles of children with isolated cleft palate and combined cleft lip and palate.
Palatal muscle biopsies from the cleft margin of children were subjected to cytophotometrical and immunohistochemical analysis. Muscle fiber types were classified according to the enzyme activity of myofibrillic adenosine triphosphatase, glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase assessed cytophotometrically. Fiber type-related immunoreactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms I, II, III, as a physiological modulator of skeletal muscle function, was related to the oxidative and glycolytic activity of the muscle fibers. Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers with high oxidative activity showed strong NOS I immunoreactivity, whereas fast glycolytic fibers with high glycolytic activity were stronger immunolabelled for NOS III. NOS II expression was similar in all fiber types. No differences in NOS immunoreactivity were found between the two investigated forms of deformity. Additionally to the usual skeletal muscle fiber types, a slow tonic fiber type was for the first time identified in cleft palate muscles. Comparison of two forms of cleft palate, isolated cleft palate and combined cleft lip and palate has shown decreased enzyme activities in muscle fibers of palatal muscles from combined cleft lip and palate. Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers were mainly effected. Cytophotometrical and immunohistochemical analysis indicated a depressed performance of the cleft palatal muscles from combined cleft lip and palate as a stronger deformity compared with isolated cleft palate.
Krey
Karl-Friedrich
KF
Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Dannhauer
Karl-Heinz
KH
Hemprich
Alexander
A
Zaitsev
Sergey
S
Bankfalvi
Agnes
A
Buchwalow
Igor B
IB
Punkt
Karla
K
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000378:metabolism; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
D007527:Isoenzymes; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases