Redox regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and activation.
Reduction-oxidation (redox) state constitutes such a potential signaling mechanism for the regulation of an inflammatory signal associated with oxidative stress. Exposure of alveolar epithelial cells to ascending DeltapO(2) regimen+/-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating systems induced a dose-dependent release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Similarly, the Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide-endotoxin (LPS) up-regulated cytokine biosynthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Irreversible inhibition of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), induced the accumulation of ROS and augmented DeltapO(2) and LPS-mediated release of cytokines. Analysis of the molecular mechanism implicated revealed an inhibitory-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-independent pathway in mediating redox-dependent regulation of inflammatory cytokines. BSO stabilized cytosolic IkappaB-alpha and down-regulated its phosphorylation, thereby blockading NF-kappaB activation, yet it augmented cytokine secretion. Glutathione depletion is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory state in a ROS-dependent mechanism and the IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway is redox-sensitive but differentially involved in regulating redox-dependent regulation of cytokines.
Haddad
John J
JJ
Oxygen Signaling Group, Center for Research into Human Development, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK [corrected]. johnjhaddad@yahoo.co.uk
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen