Determination of acidic herbicides in surface water by solid-phase extraction followed by capillary zone electrophoresis.
A rapid solid-phase extraction-capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for determining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in real water samples is described. Factors affecting the recoveries and detection of the targets are investigated. With samples being acidified to pH 2 and salted by sodium sulfate to 2% (w/w), an average recovery of greater than 85% is obtained using ethyl acetate as the eluent on an octadecylsilane-bonded silica cartridge. A running buffer of 5 mM sodium tetraborate in a water-acetonitrile mixture (70:30, v/v) adjusted to pH 9 is employed in the CZE analysis, and the targets can be analyzed within 7 min with good reproducibility and acceptable sensitivity. The method is suitable for detecting herbicide residues of sub-parts-per-billion levels in surface water. A local pond water is analyzed, and the concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid are detected to be 0.27 +/- 0.03 ppb and 0.61 +/- 0.08 ppb, respectively.
Qin
Weidong
W
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Wei
Hongping
H
Li
Sam Fong Yau
SF
D000143:Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D000143:Acids; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical