Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
Cohort studies indicate that cereal fiber reduces the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we assessed the effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
A total of 23 subjects with type 2 diabetes (16 men and 7 postmenopausal women) completed two 3-month phases of a randomized crossover study. In the test phase, bread and breakfast cereals were provided as products high in cereal fiber (19 g/day additional cereal fiber). In the control phase, supplements were low in fiber (4 g/day additional cereal fiber).


RESULTS
Between the test and control treatments, no differences were seen in body weight, fasting blood glucose, HbA(1c), serum lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, serum uric acid, clotting factors, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, magnesium, calcium, iron, or ferritin. LDL oxidation in the test phase was higher than that seen in the control phase (12.1 +/- 5.4%, P < 0.034). Of the subjects originally recruited, more dropped out of the study for health and food preference reasons from the control phase (16 subjects) than the test phase (11 subjects).


CONCLUSIONS
High-fiber cereal foods did not improve conventional markers of glycemic control or risk factors for CHD in type 2 diabetes over 3 months. Possibly longer studies are required to demonstrate the benefits of cereal fiber. Alternatively, cereal fiber in the diet may be a marker for another component of whole grains that imparts health advantages or a healthy lifestyle.
Jenkins
David J A
DJ
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
Kendall
Cyril W C
CW
Augustin
Livia S A
LS
Martini
Margaret C
MC
Axelsen
Mette
M
Faulkner
Dorothea
D
Vidgen
Edward
E
Parker
Tina
T
Lau
Herb
H
Connelly
Philip W
PW
Teitel
Jerome
J
Singer
William
W
Vandenbroucke
Arthur C
AC
Leiter
Lawrence A
LA
Josse
Robert G
RG
D001786:Blood Glucose; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin