The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the most common form of scoliosis, is unclear. Researchers with divergent perspectives have tried to better define this etiology. Genetics, growth hormone secretion, connective tissue structure, muscle structure, vestibular dysfunction, melatonin secretion, and platelet microstructure are major areas of focus. In this article, we review the literature in these areas and present the consensus on proposed hypotheses. Studies that simplify the etiology to a single factor have been inconclusive or unsuccessful. Most likely, the etiology is multifactorial, and reported associations are links in pathogenesis rather than etiologic factors. Research is needed to better define the role of all factors in AIS development.
New Hampshire Spine Institute, Bedford, USA.
Uri Michael
UM
Ahn
Nicholas U
NU
Ahn
Leelakrishna
L
Nallamshetty
Jacob M
JM
Buchowski
Peter S
PS
Rose
Nancy H
NH
Miller
John P
JP
Kostuik
Paul D
PD
Sponseller
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D001827:Body Height; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology
D003285:Contractile Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone; D008550:Melatonin