Influence of health care providers on the development of diabetes complications: long-term follow-up from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify total diabetes care received (generalist or specialist) from diagnosis onward and its association with the incidence of diabetes complications in a representative cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
A total of 429 subjects from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, a prospective follow-up study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic subjects first seen between 1986 and 1988 (mean age 28 years, mean duration 19 years), followed biennially for up to 10 years were studied. Specialist care was defined as care received from a board-certified endocrinologist, diabetologist, or diabetes clinic and quantified as the percent of diabetes duration spent in specialist care.


RESULTS
There was a significant trend for a higher incidence of neuropathy, overt nephropathy, and coronary artery disease with lower use of specialist care. Multivariate analyses controlling for diabetes duration, demographic characteristics, health care practices, and physiological risk factors demonstrated that higher past use of specialist care was found to be significantly protective against the development of overt nephropathy (risk ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88) and neuropathy (0.54, 0.35-0.83) and weakly protective against coronary artery disease (0.65, 0.37-1.1).


CONCLUSIONS
A higher proportion of diabetes duration spent in specialist care may result in delayed development of certain diabetes complications independent of other risk factors. This study thus supports the concept that the benefits of specialist care should be available to all patients with type 1 diabetes.
Zgibor
Janice C
JC
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Songer
Thomas J
TJ
Kelsey
Sheryl F
SF
Drash
Allan L
AL
Orchard
Trevor J
TJ
D000328:Adult; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013038:Specialization