Large-scale expansion of CD3(+)CD56(+) lymphocytes capable of lysing autologous tumor cells with cytokine-rich supernatants.
We have developed culture conditions for the efficient expansion of cytotoxic effector cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the timed addition of cytokine-rich supernatants collected from allogeneic PBMC cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (allogeneic CD3 supernatants; ACD3S). These cytotoxic effectors belonged primarily to CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells, and the cell subset with the greatest cytotoxic activity was an otherwise rare population of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells (NKT cells) that expand dramatically under these conditions. CD3(+)CD56(+) cytotoxic effectors were generated from the PBMC of 16 patients with several types of cancer. The CD3(+)CD56(+) cell subset expanded significantly and efficiently lysed NK- as well as lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-sensitive targets. More importantly, ACD3S-activated CD3(+)CD56(+) cells were capable of efficiently lysing autologous tumor cells including metastatic colorectal, ovarian, breast, lung and pancreatic tumor cells as well as melanoma cells. ACD3S-expanded CD3(+)CD56(+) cells exhibited increased levels of cytoplasmic interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and perforin. CD3(+)CD56(+) cell-mediated cytotoxicity was not restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products, since it was not blocked by anti-MHC class I mAb but was highly inhibited in the presence of CD2- and CD18-specific mAb. These data suggest that CD3(+)CD56(+) cells expanded under the presence of ACD3S may be utilized in clinical protocols for cancer immunotherapy.
Gritzapis
A D
AD
Department of Immunology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece.
Dimitroulopoulos
D
D
Paraskevas
E
E
Baxevanis
C N
CN
Papamichail
M
M
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D018801:CD2 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines