Mechanisms and future directions for prevention of vein graft failure in coronary bypass surgery.
Coronary artery bypass grafting has been utilized as a beneficial treatment for myocardial ischemic disease for over three decades. Failure of coronary artery venous grafts occurs at a substantial rate and has a large impact on two main endpoints, survival and quality of life. An exhaustive amount of basic research has been generated to delineate possible mechanisms responsible for graft failure and modalities to prevent its occurrence. Although pharmacotherapy exists, insufficient translation has emerged from the bench to the operating room. In this article, we review the literature regarding the current mechanisms and mediators including growth factors, nitric oxide and genetics leading to saphenous vein graft occlusion. The review addresses the current state of affairs and modes for prevention of vein graft failure perioperatively and newer technologies that may help ameliorate this problem in the future.
Shuhaiber
Jeffrey H
JH
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSB Suite 417 (MC 958), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Evans
Alexander N
AN
Massad
Malek G
MG
Geha
Alexander S
AS
D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D009569:Nitric Oxide