Early restaging positron emission tomography with ( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose predicts outcome in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
BACKGROUND
Less than half of all patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are cured with standard chemotherapy. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between responders to standard treatment and non-responders who may benefit from an early change to a more effective therapy. This study was intended to assess the value of a midtreatment fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([(18)F]FDG-PET) scan to predict clinical outcome in patients with aggressive NHL.


METHODS
Seventy newly diagnosed patients with aggressive NHL, who were treated with doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy, underwent a [(18)F]FDG-PET scan at midtreatment. Presence or absence of abnormal [(18)F]FDG uptake was related to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and early [(18)F]FDG-PET findings on PFS and OS.


RESULTS
At midtreatment, 33 patients showed persistent abnormal [(18)F]FDG uptake and none of these patients achieved a durable complete remission (CR), whereas 37 patients showed a negative scan; 31/37 remained in CR, with a median follow-up of 1107 days. Only 6/37 patients either achieved a partial response or relapsed. Comparison between groups indicated a statistically significant association between [(18)F]FDG-PET findings and PFS (P <1 x 10(-5)) and OS (P <1 x 10(-5)). In multivariate analysis, [(18)F]FDG-PET at midtreatment was a stronger prognostic factor for PFS (P <1 x 10(-7)) and OS (P <9 x 10(-6)) than the IPI (P <0.11 and P <0.03, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Early restaging [(18)F]FDG-PET may be used to tailor induction chemotherapy in patients with aggressive NHL.
Spaepen
K
K
Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg and Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. karoline.spaepen@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
Stroobants
S
S
Dupont
P
P
Vandenberghe
P
P
Thomas
J
J
de Groot
T
T
Balzarini
J
J
De Wolf-Peeters
C
C
Mortelmans
L
L
Verhoef
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011239:Prednisolone