title: Pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects of siliconosis.
abstract: Silicones have an adverse effect on human health well beyond that suggested by the recent superficial public controversy. The evidence for immune responses to injected/implanted silicones is extensive, detailed, often very specific, and not at all new. Comprehending the immunopathogenicity, realized and potential, of silicone has grown as our general understanding of the immune system has developed. Several major issues in furthering this comprehension pertain to the nature of the essential epitope, special risk of silicones to women, and definition of the chronic disease complex so evident clinically, one defying classification within currently traditional disease categories and states. The commentary presented here emphasizes the immunopathic evidence, explores the question of the essential epitope, estimates the minimal threshold of silicone load for immune reactivity, presents a profile of autoantibodies for siliconosis, and calls attention to specific silicone-based female contraceptive modalities. The silicone content of personal care products, not always revealed by retail package labeling, is explored as a potential sensitizing factor in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.
authors.forename: D Radford
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Shanklin
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smalley
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D006801:Humans; D012825:Silicon / Q000276:immunology; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D012833:Siloxanes; D012825:Silicon