title: Heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan localization during early development of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis).
abstract: Recent studies have suggested important functions for proteoglycan-associated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during embryonic and larval development in numerous organisms, including the teleost. Little is known, however, about the specific distribution of different chondroitin sulfate GAGs during early development. The present study utilized immunohistochemistry to localize chondroitin sulfate GAG antigens during development of the striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Immunoreagents utilized were monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) TC2, d1C4, and CS-56, which recognize, respectively, native epitopes on glycosaminoglycan chains enriched in chondroitin-4-, chondroitin-6-, and both chondroitin-4- and -6-sulfate. Little or no immunoreactivity was observed in gastrulating embryos at 18 hr postfertilization with any MAb tested. By 24 hr (8 somites), the CS-56 epitope was localized around the notochord. At hatching (48 hr) and early larval (72 hr) stages, d1C4 and CS-56 antigens codistributed in some sites (e.g., the notochord and myosepta), but a striking heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate GAG localization was observed in other developing tissues, including the eye and specific subsets of basement membrane. At these latter time points, TC2 reacted primarily with the extracellular matrix of the developing heart, particularly the ventricular and conotruncal segments. Heterogeneous patterning of these chondroitin sulfate GAG epitopes suggests dynamic regulation of proteoglycan function during critical morphogenetic events in early development of the striped bass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA. capehartt@mail.ecu.edu
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Capehart
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Scemama
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Singhas
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D001492:Bass / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000196:embryology; D004423:Ear / Q000196:embryology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D005775:Gastrula / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009672:Notochord / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology; D019170:Somites / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; C038142:chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates