title: Characteristics of specific reading disability in children from a neuropsychological clinic in Mexico City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes the main clinical features associated with specific reading disability (RD) in a group of 778 school-age children studied in a Neuropsychological Clinic in Mexico City.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed retrospectively, using data abstracted from clinical records of subjects seen in 1995-1996. Children were mainly from low and middle economic strata and aged between 6 to 12 years. The following data were collected: age, gender, diagnosis, school grade, food intake, maternal complications during pregnancy, perinatal and postnatal neurological risk factors, and neurological signs and handedness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with RD had a mean age of 102.9 months, were predominantly male (male female ratio, 2:1). Among the study group, 49.1% of the children were diagnosed with RD of a visuo-sensory-motor type, and 75.1% were from early school years (1st to 3rd grades); 27.6% showed evidence of malnutrition. A previous history of language disorders (49.2%), and a high frequency of perinatal risk factors and neurological soft signs were also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that variables such as gender, food intake, and genetic and neurological risk factors, were associated with reading disabilities in school children. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Cognoscitiva, Instituto de la Comunicación Humana, Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Colonia Arenal Guadalupe, Delegación Tlalpan, 14889, México, D.F., México. drdyslexia@starmedia.com
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poblano
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borja
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elías
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Pedroza
authors.forename: Ma de Lourdes
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population