title: Enhanced expression of vimentin in motile prostate cell lines and in poorly differentiated and metastatic prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metastatic potential of a series of prostate cell lines was analysed by measuring motility and invasiveness, and further correlated to the expression of epithelial differentiation markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Invasion and motility were measured using in vitro assays. Immunohistochemistry of cell lines and tissues was used to identify expression of cytokeratins 8 and 1, 5, 10, 14, vimentin, prostate specific antigen, prostate specific membrane antigen, androgen receptor, desmoglein, E-cadherin, beta1 integrin, CD44, hmet, vinculin and actin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of vimentin was the only marker to correlate with motility, no markers correlated to invasion. Lower vimentin expression was observed in cells with low motility (PNT2-C2) and high expression in cells with high motility (P4E6, PNT1a, PC-3). Vimentin expression was not detected in well differentiated tumours, moderately differentiated tumours contained vimentin positive cells (1/9 bone scan negative, 2/5 bone scan positive), but the majority of poorly differentiated cancers (4/11 bone scan negative, 9/14 bone scan positive) and bone metastases (7/8) had high vimentin expression in tumour cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motile prostate cancer cell lines express vimentin. In tissue sections, the presence of vimentin positive tumour cells correlated positively to poorly differentiated cancers and the presence of bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: YCR Cancer Research Unit, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom. SHL@york.ac.uk
authors.forename: Shona H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: Ian N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Hitchcock
authors.forename: Claire A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: A A Gordon
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bryden
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Villette
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stower
authors.forename: Norman J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maitland
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014746:Vimentin