title: Gonadal differentiation, sex determination and normal Sry expression in mice require direct interaction between transcription partners GATA4 and FOG2.
abstract: In mammals, Sry expression in the bipotential, undifferentiated gonad directs the support cell precursors to differentiate as Sertoli cells, thus initiating the testis differentiation pathway. In the absence of Sry, or if Sry is expressed at insufficient levels, the support cell precursors differentiate as granulosa cells, thus initiating the ovarian pathway. The molecular mechanisms upstream and downstream of Sry are not well understood. We demonstrate that the transcription factor GATA4 and its co-factor FOG2 are required for gonadal differentiation. Mouse fetuses homozygous for a null allele of Fog2 or homozygous for a targeted mutation in Gata4 (Gata4(ki)) that abrogates the interaction of GATA4 with FOG co-factors exhibit abnormalities in gonadogenesis. We found that Sry transcript levels were significantly reduced in XY Fog2(-/-) gonads at E11.5, which is the time when Sry expression normally reaches its peak. In addition, three genes crucial for normal Sertoli cell function (Sox9, Mis and Dhh) and three Leydig cell steroid biosynthetic enzymes (p450scc, 3betaHSD and p450c17) were not expressed in XY Fog2(-/-) and Gata(ki/ki) gonads, whereas Wnt4, a gene required for normal ovarian development, was expressed ectopically. By contrast, Wt1 and Sf1, which are expressed prior to Sry and necessary for gonad development in both sexes, were expressed normally in both types of mutant XY gonads. These results indicate that GATA4 and FOG2 and their physical interaction are required for normal gonadal development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sergei G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tevosian
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Crispino
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Eicher
authors.forename: Stuart H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Orkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D006066:Gonads; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010053:Ovary / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D011375:Progesterone Reductase / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000166:cytology; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D013251:Steroid Isomerases / Q000235:genetics; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: C021425:3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase-delta(5) 3-ketosteroid isomerase; D015415:Biomarkers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051717:Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; C497746:Sry protein, mouse; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025721:WT1 Proteins; C492170:Zfpm2 protein, mouse; D011375:Progesterone Reductase; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; D013251:Steroid Isomerases