title: ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 antisense oligonucleotides attenuate in vivo leucocyte adherence and inflammation in rat inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruitment of circulating cells to the inflamed intestine is modulated by adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of both leucocytes and endothelial cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to test whether 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotides directed against endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) can downregulate leucocyte-endothelial interactions and thereby attenuate inflammation in rat experimental ileitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg ) was injected subcutaneously into Sprague-Dawley rats 48 and 24 hours prior to intravital microscopy. Animals were treated with either ICAM-1 (ISIS 17470), VCAM-1 (ISIS 18155), or scrambled control antisense oligonucleotides administered subcutaneously or intravenously in parallel with indomethacin. Leucocyte trafficking was observed in ileal submucosal collecting venules. Macroscopic and histological grades of inflammation were measured 48 hours after the first indomethacin application. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in ileal submucosal venules was detected by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravenous administration of ICAM-1 oligonucleotides 2 mg/kg (rolling leucocytes 5.7 (2.4)/0.01 mm(2) endothelial surface, adherent leucocytes 0.8 (1.1)) and VCAM-1 oligonucleotides 8 mg/kg (9.2 (4.4), 0.6 (0.8)) significantly reduced leucocyte adhesion compared with diseased controls (27.8 (5.3), 14 (4.4)) in a dose dependent manner whereas subcutaneous treatment did not. Correspondingly, macroscopic and histological inflammation was significantly decreased. ICAM-1 oligonucleotides markedly reduced endothelial ICAM-1 expression while VCAM-1 oligonucleotides clearly diminished endothelial VCAM-1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotides attenuate rat ileitis by downregulation of leucocyte adherence and thus are potential candidates for anti-inflammatory treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rijcken
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Krieglstein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anthoni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Laukoetter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mennigen
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senninger
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schuermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D007079:Ileitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007213:Indomethacin