title: Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy vs. conventional laparoscopy for evaluating unexplained primary infertility in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the usefulness and reliability of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL) as a screening tool for evaluating infertility in women in comparison with conventional diagnostic laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty consecutive women with unexplained primary infertility were prospectively enrolled into the study. After examination of the whole pelvic cavity, tubal patency was evaluated and the uterine cavity studied by hysteroscopy. Immediately after THL, conventional laparoscopy was performed. Main outcome measures were the success rate of accessing the pouch of Douglas, rate of complete examinations, rate of complications and accuracy of THL in comparison with laparoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success rate of accessing the pouch of Douglas and performing THL was 93.3%. The rate of complete evaluation of all the pelvic structures was 76.8%. In studying tubal pathology, 77.8% agreement was found between the two techniques. Diagnosis of endometriosis was correct in 55.5% of patients. Overall, THL results correlated closely with conventional laparoscopic results in 92.86%, but the diagnostic accuracy of THL was 100% in cases of complete pelvic evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THL is a feasible, reliable and safe procedure and can be considered an alternative procedure for evaluating infertility in women. In cases of incomplete pelvic evaluation or abnormal findings, conventional laparoscopy is indicated as the second step in the evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casa
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sesti
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marziali
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piccione
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*