title: A randomised comparison of bicalutamide ('Casodex') 150 mg versus placebo as immediate therapy either alone or as adjuvant to standard care for early non-metastatic prostate cancer. First report from the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group Study No. 6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg ('Casodex'(1)) as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, in patients with early (T1b-T4, any N, M0) prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised, double-blind study was conducted in the Nordic countries as part of the 'Casodex' Early Prostate Cancer programme. Patients received bicalutamide 150 mg (n=607) or placebo (n=611) in addition to standard care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 80% of patients had not received therapy of primary curative intent. Median follow-up in both groups was 3 years. Median exposure to study treatment in the bicalutamide and standard care alone groups was 2.5 and 2.3 years, respectively. Bicalutamide reduced the risk of objective disease progression by 57% compared with standard care alone (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.34, 0.55; p<<0.0001). Survival data were immature (11.4% deaths) with no difference between the two treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bicalutamide 150 mg as immediate therapy, either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent, significantly reduces the risk of disease progression in patients with early prostate cancer. The trial is ongoing to assess whether the reduction in risk of objective progression translates into an overall survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology D-2112, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. piv@rh.dk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: T L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaage
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lukkarinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lodding
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bull-Njaa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoisaeter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lundmo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: J-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: B-E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000813:Anilides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009570:Nitriles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide