title: Mivacurium arteriovenous gradient during steady state infusion in anesthetized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mivacurium and isomers undergo rapid hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase. As this enzyme is largely distributed, it cannot be excluded that these isomers might undergo peripheral elimination. This hypothesis was investigated in patients by measuring the difference between arterial and venous concentrations under a constant-rate continuous infusion of mivacurium.
  
  
  METHODS
  During propofol-remifentanil anesthesia, eight adult consenting patients received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.2 mg/kg mivacurium, followed by a constant infusion (3, 5, or 7 microg. kg. min ) into the brachial vein. One hour after starting the infusion, arterial (radial artery) and venous (contralateral brachial vein) blood samples were drawn simultaneously at 15-min intervals for 45 min. Mivacurium isomers and metabolite plasma concentrations were determined by stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatography. Using the corresponding arterial and venous concentrations, the tissue extraction coefficient as well as total body clearance were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During steady state conditions, the venous concentrations of the and isomers were 34 +/- 13% and 42 +/- 11% (mean +/- SD) lower than the corresponding arterial concentrations (P < 0.05), respectively. For the isomer, the difference between venous and arterial concentrations was 3 +/- 4% (P = 0.063). Total body clearances of the and isomers were greater when based on venous sampling (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from a constant infusion of mivacurium depend heavily on the sampling site (arterial or venous) for the rapidly hydrolyzed isomers. These results strongly suggest a significant metabolism of mivacurium within muscle tissue that may account for the large interpatient variability in response to mivacurium.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezzine
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Varin
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000758:Anesthesia; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077590:Mivacurium; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014680:Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077590:Mivacurium