title: Hyperosmotic stress induces nuclear factor-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease of the colon is associated with a high osmolarity of colonic contents. We hypothesized that this hyperosmolarity may contribute to colonic inflammation by stimulating the proinflammatory activity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The human IEC lines HT-29 and Caco-2 were used to study the effect of hyperosmolarity on the IEC inflammatory response. Exposure of IECs to hyperosmolarity triggered expression of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 both at the secreted protein and mRNA levels. In addition, hyperosmotic stimulation induced the release of another chemokine, GRO-alpha. These effects were because of activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, because hyperosmolarity stimulated both NF-kappaB DNA binding and NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity. Hyperosmolarity activated both p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which effect contributed to hyperosmolarity-stimulated IL-8 production, because p38 and p42/44 inhibition prevented the hyperosmolarity-induced increase in IL-8 production. In addition, the proinflammatory effects of hyperosmolarity were, in a large part, mediated by activation of Na(+)/H(+) exchangers, because selective blockade of Na(+)/H(+) exchangers prevented the hyperosmolarity-induced IEC inflammatory response. In summary, hyperosmolarity stimulates IEC IL-8 production, which effect may contribute to the maintenance of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Zoltán H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.forename: Edwin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Deitch
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haskó
mesh_terms: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B