title: Adjuvant regulation of cytokine profile and antibody isotype of immune responses to Mycoplasma agalactiae in mice.
abstract: Traditionally, adjuvants have been administered with antigens to enhance immunity. We studied the effect of several adjuvants such as Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), homopolymers of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), lithium chloride (LiCl), saponin Quil A and calcium phosphate gel (CaHPO(4)) on the immune response of mice to formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma agalactiae. The specific antibody or cytokine producing splenocytes were detected by ELISAspot and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Depending on the adjuvant given, the number of M. agalactiae-specific antibody producing cells was increased 2.5-6-fold. IgG was the major class of M. agalactiae-specific antibodies followed by IgM, IgA and IgE. Among IgG isotypes, FCA, FIA, Quil A and CaHPO(4) induced an IgG1 response with substantial increase of the IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes while poly I:C shifted the response toward an IgG2a/IgG3 production. Finally, poly A:U induced an IgG2b response while LPS and LiCl augmented the IgG3/IgG1/IgG2a secretion. FCA augmented IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 production suggesting a strong Th2 response, while IFN-gamma and IL-12 remained low; poly I:C enhanced IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha eliciting a Th1 response; poly A:U resulted in a IL-10, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-12 secretion; and LPS enhanced the IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production. Our data show that adjuvants augment M. agalactiae-specific antibody production and lead to B cell isotype-switching via the appropriate cytokine milieu. Certain adjuvants, such as poly I:C, therefore, appear as promising immune enhancers for vaccination against M. agalactiae infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics Development and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Avramidis
authors.forename: Panayiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Victoratos
authors.forename: Minas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yiangou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hadjipetrou-Kourounakis
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000276:immunology; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated