title: Capillary embolization using ethiodol-ethanol for complete renal ablation in Swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of capillary embolization with superselectively administered 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) for complete nephrectomy in normal porcine kidneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  One kidney in each animal was completely embolized by sequential segmental arterial injections of the EEM via a microcatheter until complete capillary stasis occurred. Group 1 (n = 5): Initial embolization did not occlude the arterial compartment. Group 2 (n = 7): The capillary embolization was performed in conjunction with absolute ethanol injection and coil placement during balloon catheter occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1: Complete recanalization occurred following the EEM embolization (1-week). After the repeat embolization (EEM + pure ethanol without balloon occlusion), three of five kidneys showed partial recanalization (2-weeks). Following a third embolization (EEM + coil) in two pigs, one kidney showed partial recanalization (12-weeks). Group 2: Complete renal artery occlusion was achieved in all kidneys with no recanalization. Histologically, four kidneys exhibited total ablation whereas three showed minimal preexisting parenchyma (8-weeks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Permanent arterial occlusion with histologically complete renal ablation was achieved using a two-phase technique of homogeneous capillary embolization with 1:1 EEM and ethanol and coil occlusion performed during temporary balloon occlusion. Sequential segmental EEM injections alone did not produce permanent capillary embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. akonya@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konya
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002196:Capillaries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D004998:Ethiodized Oil