title: Optimal equilibration conditions for practical vitrification of two-cell mouse embryos.
abstract: The objective of the study reported here was to elucidate the optimal equilibration conditions for carrying out vitrification of two-cell mouse embryos, using a solution containing 2M dimethyl sulfoxide, 1M acetamide, and 3M propylene glycol (DAP213) as a cryoprotectant. Embryos were subjected to an equilibration process under 20 conditions of a combination of different temperatures (10 to 37 degrees C) and times (5 to 90 sec), and viability of the embryos was assessed by the rate of development into blastocysts and into live fetuses. As a result, these rates of development into blastocysts did not differ from those for unfrozen embryos. The rate of development of frozen-thawed embryos into live fetuses under conditions of 30 sec. at 20 degrees C, which was selected as having by highest operability, was 55.2%, comparable to the value (65.0%) for unfrozen embryos. Thus, the optimal equilibration condition for vitrification of two-cell mouse embryos, using DAP213 solution, was 30 sec at 20 degrees C, under which embryo viability was maximized, and this equilibration process was considered useful as a practical two-cell embryo freezing process in the vitrification method.
authors.affiliation: Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funabashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents