title: Removal of titanium plates coated with anodic titanium oxide ceramic: retrospective study.
abstract: Transformation of the surface of metallic titanium with titanium oxides prepared in various ways is a modern procedure. For more than 15 years, the authors have been utilizing fixing elements coated with titanium oxide ceramics, prepared by anodic oxidation and thermal treatment, for purposes of jawbone osteosynthesis. The aim of the authors' work was to assess the extent to which the titanium oxide ceramic coating influences the fate of the plates used for osteosynthesis within the human organism, in regard to the possible need for their removal. During a 5-year period, 108 of 1,396 plates coated with anodic titanium oxide had to be removed for various reasons: plate exposure (47), osteomyelitis (25), palpable swelling and tenderness (21), patient request for psychological reasons (13), or fracture of the plate (2). In none of these 108 cases was metallosis observed, which otherwise is reported relatively frequently in the vicinity of traditional titanium fixing elements, nor was any tissue damage connected with the surface of the plates. The results indicate the favorable properties of the titanium oxide ceramic surface.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Velich
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.forename: Csongor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suba
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000523:psychology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D020878:Device Removal; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000601:surgery; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium