title: Physician referral patterns and race differences in receipt of coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addresses the following research questions: (1) Is race a predictor of obtaining a referral for coronary angiography (CA) among patients who are appropriate candidates for the procedure? (2) Is there a race disparity in obtaining CA among patients who obtain a referral for the procedure?
  
  
  METHODS
  Three community hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland.
  
  
  METHODS
  We abstracted hospital records of 7,927 patients from three hospitals to identify 2,653 patients who were candidates for CA. Patients were contacted by telephone to determine if they received a referral for CA. Logistic regression was used to assess whether racial differences in obtaining a referral were affected by adjustment for several potential confounders. A second set of analyses examined race differences in use of the procedure among a subsample of patients that obtained a referral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for having been hospitalized at a hospital with in-house catheterization facilities, ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association) classification, sex, age, and health insurance status, race remained a significant determinant of referral (OR = 3.0, p < .05). Additionally, we found no significant race differences in receipt of the procedure among patients who obtained a referral.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that race differences in utilization of CA tend to occur during the process of determining the course of treatment. Once a referral is obtained, African American patients are not less likely than white patients to follow through with the procedure. Thus, future research should seek to better understand the process by which the decision is made to refer or not refer patients.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: LaVeist
authors.forename: Athol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plantholt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015142:Baltimore; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*