title: Monoclonal antibody conjugates of doxorubicin prepared with branched peptide linkers: inhibition of aggregation by methoxytriethyleneglycol chains.
abstract: High mole ratio BR96 immunoconjugates were synthesized using branched peptide-doxorubicin linkers designed to liberate doxorubicin following antigen-specific internalization into lysosomes. However, these immunoconjugates are highly prone to noncovalent, dimeric aggregation. We hypothesize that this is due to (1) the hydrophobic nature of the peptides, (2) the loss of positive charge upon amide formation at the 3'-amino group of doxorubicin, and (3) the proximity of the peptide hydrophobic residues to form efficient intermolecular stacking interactions. By introducing a hydrophilic methoxytriethylene glycol chain onto the doxorubicin portion of the branched peptide linkers, aggregation has been eliminated or greatly reduced in the immunoconjugate products. The methoxytriethylene glycol chain was linked to the doxorubicin moiety of the linker via a hydrazone bond that is stable at pH 7 but hydrolyzes rapidly at pH 5 to release free drug. BR96 immunoconjugates synthesized from methoxytriethylene glycol-modified branched peptide-doxorubicin linkers are highly potent and immunospecific in vitro. The data suggest that the methoxytriethylene glycol chain hydrolyzes as designed upon antigen-specific internalization into tumor lysosomes in vitro, where enzymatic degradation of the peptide linker releases free doxorubicin.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA. dalton.king@bms.com
authors.forename: H Dalton
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Gene M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dubowchik
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mastalerz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willner
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hofstead
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Firestone
authors.forename: Shirley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lasch
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Trail
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019281:Dimerization; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C092612:BR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate; D004151:Dipeptides; D018796:Immunoconjugates; C465780:maleimidoethyliminodiacetylbis(Phe-Lys-PABC-DOX) mTEG hydrazone; C465781:maleimidoethyliminodiacetylbis(Val-Lys-PABC-DOX) mTEG hydrazone; D004317:Doxorubicin