title: N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 is a potential new marker for non-small cell lung cancers.
abstract: N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) is an enzyme involved in the initial glycosylation of mucin-type O-linked proteins. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine GalNAc-T3 expression in 215 surgically resected non-small cell lung cancers. We analysed the biological and clinical importance of GalNAc-T3 expression, especially with regard to its potential as a prognostic factor. We found that normal bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial gland cells, and alveolar pneumocytes showed cytoplasmic immunostaining for GalNAc-T3. Low expression of GalNAc-T3, observed in 93 of 215 tumours (43.4%), was found more frequently in tumours from smokers than those from nonsmokers (P=0.001), in squamous cell carcinomas than nonsquamous cell carcinomas (P<0.0001), and in moderately and poorly differentiated tumours than well differentiated tumours (P=0.0002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an association of low GalNAc-T3 expression with squamous cell carcinomas was the only one significant relationship of GalNAc-T3 expression with various factors (P<0.0001). Moreover, tumours losing GalNAc-T3 expression had a significantly higher Ki-67 labelling index than tumours retaining GalNAc-T3 expression (P=0.0003). Patients with low GalNAc-T3 expression survived a significantly shorter time than patients with high GalNAc-T3 expression in 103 pStage I non-small cell lung cancers (5-year survival rates, 58% and 78%, respectively; P=0.02 by log-rank test) as well as in 61 pStage I nonsquamous cell carcinomas (5-year survival rates, 63% and 85%, respectively; P=0.03). Low GalNAc-T3 expression was an unfavourable prognostic factor in pStage I non-small cell lung cancers (hazards ratio, 2.04; P=0.03), and in pStage I nonsquamous cell carcinomas (hazards ratio, 2.70; P=0.03). These results suggest that GalNAc-T3 is a new marker of non-small cell lung cancers with specificity for histology and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. hdakita@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dosaka-Akita
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012907:Smoking; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017350:N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases