title: Study of coronary sinus flow reserve through transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the Coronary Flow Reserve in the Coronary Sinus through transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained technically adequate flow samples for analysis in 10 healthy volunteers (37+/-8 years, 5 men) with no history of heart or systemic disease and with mean left ventricular mass index by transthoracic echocardiography of 87+/-18 g/m2. Coronary sinus flow velocity was recorded within the coronary sinus with the patient in a resting condition and during intravenous adenosine infusion at a dose of 140 micro g/kg/min for 4 minutes. Recording of coronary sinus blood flow was possible in all cases with measurement of peak systolic, diastolic, and retrograde velocities (PSV, PDV, and PRV, cm/sec), mean systolic and diastolic velocities (MSV and MDV, cm/sec), and systolic and diastolic velocity time integral (VTI S and VTI D, cm/sec).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coronary flow reserve was calculated as the ratio between the blood flow in the basal state and the maximum measured hyperemic blood flow with adenosine infusion. Results are shown as mean and standard deviations. (CFR = PSV + PDV - PRV/basal PSV): 1st min = 2.2+/-0.21; 2nd min = 3+/-0.3; 3rd min = 3.4+/-0.37; 4th min = 3.6 +/- 0.33.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although coronary sinus flow had significantly increased in the first minute, higher velocities were seen at third and fourth minutes, indicating that these should be the best times to study coronary sinus flow with intravenous adenosine in continuous infusion.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramos Filho
authors.forename: José A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramires
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turina
authors.forename: Caio J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachat
authors.forename: Jeane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine