title: Effects of efforts to increase response rates on a workplace chronic condition screening survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expanded health risk appraisal (HRA) surveys can help employers target chronic conditions for outreach or disease management interventions by providing data on the prevalences of conditions and their effects on work performance. However, concerns exist about the accuracy of this data because most HRAs have low response rates. We evaluated these concerns by examining the prevalences and work impairments associated with chronic conditions across four HRA subsamples that differed in intensity of recruitment effort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand five hundred thirty-nine working people were invited to complete an expanded HRA survey that included questions about chronic conditions, work impairments, and demographics. Condition prevalences and associations between conditions and work impairment were compared across subsamples who responded after a single mailing, after two mailings, and in a telephone interview after the mailings either with or without a 20 dollars incentive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with previous research, response rates varied dramatically across the four subsamples (from 20.1% with only one mailing to 67.7% with telephone administration and a financial incentive). However, the estimated prevalences of chronic conditions, levels of work impairment, and effects of chronic conditions on work impairment did not differ with intensity of recruitment effort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expanded HRAs can provide useful data on the prevalences and work impairments associated with chronic conditions even if response rates are low. Confirmation of these results is required, however, in new samples. Additional research is also needed on innovative and cost-effective strategies to improve HRA response rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Arne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McKenas
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Meneades
authors.forename: Nicolaas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Saylor
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology