title: Modulation of T-lymphocyte development, growth and cell size by the Myc antagonist and transcriptional repressor Mad1.
abstract: Activated lymphocytes must increase in size and duplicate their contents (cell growth) before they can divide. The molecular events that control cell growth in proliferating lymphocytes and other metazoan cells are still unclear. Here, we utilized transgenesis to provide evidence suggesting that the basic helix-loop- helix-zipper (bHLHZ) transcriptional repressor Mad1, considered to be an antagonist of Myc function, inhibits lymphocyte expansion, maturation and growth following pre-T-cell receptor (pre-TCR) and TCR stimulation. Furthermore, we utilized cDNA microarray technology to determine that, of the genes repressed by Mad1, the majority (77%) are involved in cell growth, which correlates with a decrease in size of Mad1 transgenic thymocytes. Over 80% of the genes repressed by Mad1 have previously been found to be induced by Myc. These results suggest that a balance between Myc and Mad levels may normally modulate lymphocyte proliferation and development in part by controlling expression of growth-regulating genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences and DNA Array Facility, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Iritani
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delrow
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grandori
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klacking
authors.forename: Leni Sue
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Eisenman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D048429:Cell Size; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C501385:Mad1l1 protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012097:Repressor Proteins