title: Resveratrol induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells and requires hydroxyl groups to decrease viability in LNCaP and DU 145 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to determine the effects of resveratrol on prostate cancer cell viability through apoptosis induction and the significance of the three hydroxyl groups on resveratrol to the measured effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hormone-sensitive LNCaP cells and hormone-insensitive DU 145 cells were treated with resveratrol, tri-methoxy-resveratrol, or diethylstilbestrol (DES; the positive control for toxicity and apoptosis). Cell viability was determined by using an MTS assay. Apoptosis was determined by the appearance of apoptotic morphology, annexin V-FITC-positive intact cells, and caspase activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol and DES decreased viability in LNCaP cells, but only resveratrol-treated cells expressed apoptotic morphology, annexin V-FITC-positive cells, and caspase activation. Tri-methoxy-resveratrol had no effect on DU 145 cell-viability and was less toxic to LNCaP cells than resveratrol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol was toxic to cells regardless of whether the cells were hormone-responsive or -unresponsive. This finding suggests that the cell's hormone responsive status is not an important determinant of the response to resveratrol. Furthermore, the hydroxyl-groups on resveratrol are required for cell toxicity. Finally resveratrol but not DES induced caspase-mediated apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Gary Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Roy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Beebe
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D020169:Caspases / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D013267:Stilbenes; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D020169:Caspases; D000077185:Resveratrol