title: Inhibitory effect of BCG cell-wall skeletons (BCG-CWS) emulsified in squalane on tumor growth and metastasis in mice.
abstract: The antimetastatic effect of BCG-CWS, which was emulsified in an oil-in-water form with either Drakeol 6VR mineral oil (BCG-CWS/DK) or squalane (BCG-CWS/SQA), on lung metastasis produced by highly metastatic murine tumor cells, Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and B16-BL6 melanoma cells, was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of BCG-CWS (100 mg/mouse) 1 day after tumor inoculation significantly inhibited tumor metastasis of both Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma and B16-BL6 melanoma cells in experimental lung metastasis models. No differences in the antitumor activity of the two oil-based formulations (BCG-CWS/DK and BCG-CWS/SQA) were obverved. However, BCG-CWS/SQA administered through subcutaneous (s.c.) route was shown to be effective only when it was consecutively injected (3 times) after tumor inoculation. An in vivo analysis for tumor-induced angiogenesis showed that a single i.v. administration of BCG-CWS/SQA inhibited the number of tumor-induced blood vessels and suppressed tumor growth. Furthermore, the multiple administration of BCG-CWS/SQA given at on week intervals led to a significant reduction in spontaneous lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. These results suggest that BCG-CWS emulsified with squalane is a potent inhibitory agent of lung metastasis, and that the antimetastatic effect of BCG-CWS is related to the suppression of tumor growth and the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam, Korea. yc_yoo@kytis.konyang.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yung Choon
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Katsusuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Kyung Bok
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004655:Emulsions; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013185:Squalene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D013185:Squalene; C019556:squalane