title: Raltitrexed treatment promotes systemic inflammatory reaction in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: We studied longitudinally inflammatory reactions and serum C-reactive protein (S-CRP) levels in 52 colorectal cancer patients treated with a median of six 3-weekly cycles of raltitrexed 1.5-3.0 mg m(-2) combined with oral carmofur (1-hexylcarbomoyl-5-fluorouracil) 300-400 mg m(-2) on cycle days 2-14. Thirty-nine (75%) of these patients had fever on days 2 to 9 after receiving raltitrexed, 49 (94%) had fatigue Gr. > or = 1, and 49 (94%) elevated S-CRP without a documented infection. The systemic inflammatory composite score (consists of body temperature, fatigue, S-CRP, interleukin-6 (S-IL-6), S-IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (S-TNF alpha) levels) was calculated in a cross-sectional one-cycle study involving 60 colorectal cancer patients treated with single-agent raltitrexed, raltitrexed and carmofur, or 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (n=20 in each group). The median S-CRP, S-IL-6, and S-TNF alpha levels were higher 7 days after giving raltitrexed (57 vs 23 mg l(-1), 64 vs 10 ng l(-1), and 11 vs 10 ng l(-1), respectively) or raltitrexed+carmofur (142 vs 10 mg l(-1), 64 vs 10 ng l(-1), and 16 vs 9 ng l(-1), respectively) than at baseline (P<0.01 for each comparison), but not when 5-fluorouracil-based regimens were administered. These findings suggest that colorectal cancer patients treated with raltitrexed may develop drug-related systemic inflammation, which may be difficult to discriminate from infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland. pia.osterlund@hus.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Osterlund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orpana
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elomaa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Repo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joensuu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; C068874:raltitrexed; C017367:carmofur; D005472:Fluorouracil