title: Deficient pheromone responses in mice lacking a cluster of vomeronasal receptor genes.
abstract: The mammalian vomeronasal organ (VNO), a part of the olfactory system, detects pheromones--chemical signals that modulate social and reproductive behaviours. But the molecular receptors in the VNO that detect these chemosensory stimuli remain undefined. Candidate pheromone receptors are encoded by two distinct and complex superfamilies of genes, V1r and V2r (refs 3 and 4), which code for receptors with seven transmembrane domains. These genes are selectively expressed in sensory neurons of the VNO. However, there is at present no functional evidence for a role of these genes in pheromone responses. Here, using chromosome engineering technology, we delete in the germ line of mice an approximately 600-kilobase genomic region that contains a cluster of 16 intact V1r genes. These genes comprise two of the 12 described V1r gene families, and represent approximately 12% of the V1r repertoire. The mutant mice display deficits in a subset of VNO-dependent behaviours: the expression of male sexual behaviour and maternal aggression is substantially altered. Electrophysiologically, the epithelium of the VNO of such mice does not respond detectably to specific pheromonal ligands. The behavioural impairment and chemosensory deficit support a role of V1r receptors as pheromone receptors.
authors.affiliation: The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Del Punta
authors.forename: Trese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leinders-Zufall
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jukam
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wysocki
authors.forename: Sonoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zufall
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mombaerts
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003863:Depression; D004594:Electrophysiology; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects; D019147:Vomeronasal Organ / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D010675:Pheromones; D018035:Receptors, Odorant