title: Preliminary assays indicate that Antonia ovata (Loganiaceae) and Derris amazonica (Papilionaceae), ichthyotoxic plants used for fishing in Roraima, Brazil, have an insecticide effect on Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).
abstract: Laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912) was tested with extracts of two ichthyotoxic plants, known as timbós, used as fishing poison in the Amazon. Phlebotomines, L. longipalpis, and plants, Antonia ovata and Derris amazonica, were collected in the Raposa-Serra do Sol Indian Reserve, a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Extracts were prepared from dried leaves of A. ovata and roots of D. amazonica that were percolated in water, filtered and dried out at 50 degrees C. The solid extract obtained was diluted in water at 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml. The solution was blotted in filter paper placed at the bottom of cylindric glass tubes containing sand flies. For each plant extract and dilution, two series of triplicates with 5 male and 5 female specimens of L. longipalpis were used. Mortality was recorded every 2 h during 72 h of exposure. At 72 h the mortality was as high as 80% for extracts of A. ovata (LD50 = 233 mg/ ml), and 100% for D. amazonica (LD50 = 212 mg/ ml) whereas in the control groups maximum mortality never surpassed 13%. Preliminary assays indicated that A. ovata and D. amazonica displayed significant insecticide effect against L. longipalpis.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo Avançado de Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Luitgards-Moura
authors.forename: Eloy Guillermo
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Castellon Bermudez
authors.forename: Arnaldo Felisberto Imbiriba da
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsouris
authors.forename: Maria Goreti
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosa-Freitas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029866:Derris; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides; D029541:Loganiaceae; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts