title: A phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine and subcutaneous interferon alpha in patients with refractory renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant human interferon-a2b (rHuIFN-alpha2b) and Interleukin-2 have limited effectiveness in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC). Gemcitabine (Gemzar) is also reported to have activity against MRCC, and recent in vitro, in nude mice xenografts, and human data suggests increased activity of gemcitabine (Gemzar) when combined with IFN-alpha2b.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A phase I clinical trial utilizing gemcitabine (Gemzar and rHuIFN-alpha2b was conducted in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment consisted of: gemcitabine (Gemzar) 600 mg/m2 I.V. weekly and rHuIFN-alpha2b 1.0 MU/m2 (dose level A) or 3.0MU/m2 S.C. (dose level B) three times a week for 6 weeks with a 2 weeks rest period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients were entered into the trial and were evaluated. Dose limiting toxicity was predominantly hematologic, and was seen at dose level B. This included grade 3 anemia (1 patient), neutropenia (1 patient), and nausea (1 patient) and grade 4 neutropenia (1 patient). The maximal tolerated dose was gemcitabine (Gemzar) 600 mg/m2 I.V. weekly and rHuIFN-alpha2b 1.0 MU/m2 three times a week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This combination of gemcitabine (Gemzar) and rHuIFN-alpha2b has significant hematologic toxicity despite low doses of each agent. Further investigation of this combination using this schedule is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez-Zincer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olencki
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peereboom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine