title: Ovarian hormones after postnatal day 20 reduce neuron number in the rat primary visual cortex.
abstract: Previous work from our lab has documented a sex difference in neuron number in the binocular region of the adult rat primary visual cortex (Oc1B), with males having 19% more neurons than females. In the present study, the role of developmental steroid hormones in the formation of this difference was explored. Male and female rats underwent neonatal hormone manipulation (female + testosterone or dihydrotestosterone; male + flutamide) followed by gonadectomy on postnatal day 20. Animals that did not undergo hormone manipulation were either gonadectomized or sham operated at day 20. Neuron number was quantified in the monocular (Oc1M) and binocular (Oc1B) subfields of the adult rat primary visual cortex using the optical disector technique. As adults, day 20 gonadectomized females, as well as females + testosterone and females + dihydrotestosterone, had significantly more neurons than intact females. There was no difference in neuron number between postnatal day 20 gonadectomized males, males + flutamide, and intact males. Also, intact males had significantly more neurons than intact females in both in Oc1M and Oc1B. It appears that ovarian steroids after day 20 are the primary cause of the lower number of neurons in the primary visual cortex of the female rat.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: Jagdeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sodhi
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Juraska
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002452:Cell Count; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012733:Sex Differentiation; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D013739:Testosterone; D005485:Flutamide