title: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: radiography and CT of the chest compared with pulmonary function tests and genetic studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to describe the chest radiographic and high-resolution CT findings in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and to correlate the radiologic findings with age, causative gene, and pulmonary function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome underwent high-resolution CT of the chest. A scoring system based on the extent of pulmonary involvement and specific high-resolution CT findings was used, and the findings were compared with patient age and the results of pulmonary function and genetic studies. Fifty-eight (87%) of the 67 patients also underwent chest radiography. These radiographs were compared with the high-resolution CT scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-resolution CT was more sensitive than chest radiography in evaluating the extent of pulmonary disease in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. All patients with mild findings on high-resolution CT scans had normal findings on chest radiographs. Common chest radiographic findings included reticulonodular interstitial pattern, perihilar fibrosis, and pleural thickening. High-resolution CT showed septal thickening, ground-glass opacities, and peribronchovascular thickening. For patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome who were 30 years old or younger, high-resolution CT findings were usually minimal. Among patients who were older than 30 years, the 34 patients with HPS1 mutations had a score of 1.38+/-0.18 (mean+/-standard error of the mean) on high-resolution CT. This score is significantly greater than the score for the 11 patients without HPS1 mutations (0.36 +/- 0.15) (p < 0.001). The score based on high-resolution CT findings inversely correlated with percentage of forced vital capacity and was useful in defining the progression of interstitial disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution CT provides a good radiologic monitor of disease status and progression in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and correlates well with patient age, extent of pulmonary dysfunction, and genetic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 1C-660, 10 Center Dr., MSC 1182, Bethesda, MD 20892-1182, USA.
authors.forename: Nilo A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brantly
authors.forename: Ahalya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huizing
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gahl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D022861:Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: C102160:HPS1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins