title: Prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea among a population of men who have sex with men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few data are available on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in men who have sex with men (MSM), making it difficult to develop STD screening guidelines for this population. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of urethral infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae within a large, community based population of MSM, and to assess the feasibility of rectal screening in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross sectional study of 566 MSM, who were predominantly middle aged, white, asymptomatic, and engaged in sex with multiple partners. All provided a urine sample to screen for chlamydial and gonorrhoea infections using a PCR assay; rectal screening was performed on 48 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urethral C. trachomatis infections were detected in 1/566 participants (prevalence 0.2%, 95% CI 0.004% to 1.0%), and rectal C. trachomatis infections were detected in 2/48 men (prevalence 4.2%, 95% CI 0.5% to 14.2%). No gonorrhoea infections were detected, and none of the 117 HIV positive men had either infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlamydial and gonorrhoea infections were uncommon in this sample of MSM, even among those with multiple sexual partners or HIV infection. These data call into question recommendations to screen all MSM based on their individual sexual behaviours or HIV. Additional data are needed on the prevalence of these infections in MSM from different settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. cookrl@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: St George
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Riddler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lassak
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012747:Sexual Partners