title: Hantavirus infections in Latvia.
abstract: In order to investigate the presence of hantavirus infections in Latvia, 333 randomly selected human serum samples were screened using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Fifteen samples were positive for hantavirus-specific IgG and were subsequently serotyped using a focus reduction neutralization test. Fourteen of these samples neutralized at least one of the hantaviruses included in the test, indicating a 4.2% overall seroprevalence in Latvia. Among 14 focus reduction neutralization test-positive sera, specific reactivity (at least 4-fold higher endpoint titer) of neutralizing antibodies was as follows: six sera were specific for Saaremaa hantavirus, three showed equal titers to Saaremaa and Dobrava hantaviruses, and five showed the highest endpoint titers to Puumala hantavirus. Hantavirus infections were confirmed in individuals residing in 11 of 26 investigated counties. The sex ratio was 1:2.5 (M:F), and the antibody prevalence increased with age. This is the first report on the presence of hantavirus infections in Latvia, and the results indicate that two hantaviruses pathogenic to man, Saaremaa virus and Puumala virus, are widely distributed in this country.
authors.affiliation: Swedich Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden. akelun@mbox.ki.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundkvist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindegren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brus Sjölander
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mavtchoutko
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vene
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plyusnin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalnina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007844:Latvia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral