title: Different transcription factor binding arrays modulate the cAMP responsivity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter.
abstract: The cAMP responsiveness of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter is mediated by a cAMP response unit, which includes three CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPs) sites, and a cAMP response element (CRE). Because both the CRE-binding protein and several C/EBP isoforms can to bind to the CRE with similar affinity, a variety of transcription factor bindings arrays in the cAMP response unit are possible that may affect the protein kinase A (PKA) responsivity of the promoter. To explore this issue, we have designed PEPCK promoter variants that have the native cis-elements within the cAMP response unit replaced with one or more LexA- and/or GAL4-binding sites. We also engineered the corresponding C/EBP and CRE-binding protein chimeras, which have their basic region leucine zipper domains replaced with LexA or GAL4 DNA-binding domains. Using this approach, we have reconstituted the PKA responsiveness of permissive PEPCK promoters in hepatoma cells and have characterized the PKA responsivity of the promoter under defined transcription factor occupancy patterns. Furthermore, analysis of deletion mutants of C/EBPalpha indicated that the domains that mediate its constitutive and PKA-inducible activities vary depending on which cis-element it occupies on the PEPCK promoter. These results suggest that promoter context may influence which domains within a transcription factor are employed to mediate transactivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McFie
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Roesler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000099160:LexA Repressor Protein
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099160:LexA Repressor Protein; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; C014149:phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ferroactivator protein, rat