title: Work-related cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity: navigating the epidemiologic literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cumulative trauma disorder of the upper extremity (CTDUE) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders resulting from repeated use of the upper extremity over time rather than a specific incident. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize the literature regarding the rate of work-related CTDUE, while drawing attention to the various factors contributing to the wide range of reported findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and Medline databases were searched for articles focusing on etiology or rates of occurrence of work-related CTDUE and their findings were summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Potential reasons for rising rates, a gender differential, and the substantial range in rates and rate ratios are delineated and important factors to consider when interpreting rates derived from workers' compensation data are detailed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should attempt to correctly identify more specific categories of CTDUE in well-defined and accurately-quantified "at risk" populations to provide more meaningful information regarding the epidemiology of CTDUE and the effectiveness of control activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. diannez@biostats.uwo.ca
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacDermid
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartford
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koval
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution