title: Kinetics of diethylhexyl-phthalate extraction From polyvinylchloride-infusion lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For infusion therapy, polyvinylchloride (PVC)-infusion lines are commonly used. In this study, we examined the temperature dependency and the dynamics of extraction in the time course of infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  PVC-infusion lines used on the newborn ICU were perfused with a typical 24-hour fat infusion. We collected the perfused solution and measured the concentration of DEHP. This procedure was carried out at 27 degrees C and 33 degrees C. In another experiment, we examined the extraction rate in the time course of a 24-hour infusion. The infusion was collected every 4 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We discovered that extraction of DEHP depends highly on the surrounding temperature. Whereas at 27 degrees C, the extraction of DEHP was 422.78 microg/mL, the leaching reached 540.78 microg/mL at 33 degrees C under otherwise identical conditions. This is important because the temperature on a newborn ICU is between 31 and 37 degrees C in an incubator. In the other experiment, we found out that the extraction rate rose from 25.44 microg/mL in the first 4 hours to 478.1 microg/mL after 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of this study is that the actual daily load of DEHP for a 2-kg newborn is 30% higher than measured before. The rate of extraction is dependent on the time of contact between solution and tubing. If PVC-infusion systems are used, solutions should be as cold as possible, and infusion time should be as short as possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. steffan.loff@kch.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Steffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loff
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kabs
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Subotic
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schaible
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langbein
mesh_terms: D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007700:Kinetics; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate