title: Spatial reference and standing posture during high-speed Coriolis stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study, we found that sensation, gaze, and posture during Coriolis stimulation differ considerably between vision and nonvision conditions during rotations at 60 degrees x s(-1). To determine the validity of these findings at higher velocities, we compared standing postures during Coriolis stimulation up to 150 degrees x s(-1) between vision and nonvision conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 19 subjects underwent 5-min rotation tests at 50 to 150 degrees x s(-1). While standing on a force platform attached to a rotating device, each subject tilted his or her head and then returned it to upright, first with the eyes covered, then with eyes open. Six subjects were re-examined 5 d later after 4 consecutive days of 20-min rotations with their eyes open. We assessed success and failure to stand and recorded the center of pressure during rotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although success rates (number of successes/19) differed between vision and nonvision conditions at 50 degrees x s(-1) (94.7% vs. 57.9%), they steeply decreased as rotation velocity increased and showed no difference at 70 degrees x s(-1) and faster velocities. After the 4-d exposure, however, subjects could stand at higher velocities particularly under the vision condition. A patient with bilateral labyrinthine loss, being examined for reference, could stand at 110 degrees x s(-1) even with the eyes covered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Untrained subjects frequently fell during high-speed Coriolis stimulation, apparently because vision was insufficient to provide a spatial reference frame from the stationary surroundings. Following rotation training with their eyes open, subjects appeared more able to use the visual reference frame and falls were reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Iseharashi, Kanagawaken, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitouji
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohnuki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003312:Coriolis Force; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D012677:Sensation; D013028:Space Perception; D014796:Visual Perception