title: Flow cytometric detection of total and serine 473 phosphorylated Akt.
abstract: The evaluation of regulatory proteins is important for biological studies and is also established as a prognostic marker for cancer diagnosis. Very recently, it has been highlighted that the serine/threonine kinase Akt plays a fundamental role in survival pathways and is also involved in the onset of resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs and ionizing radiation in cell lines derived from solid tumors. For its full activation Akt needs to be phosphorylated on Serine 473 residue. Molecules that are fundamental in determining resistance to therapeutic treatments might serve in the future as clinical markers to tailor therapy and/or predict treatment response. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether or not flow cytometric analysis of total Akt and of its form phosphorylated on Serine 473 could be related to standard techniques such as Western blotting with phosphospecific antibodies and in vitro kinase assay. To this end, we employed as experimental models HL-60 and PC-12 lines in which there is an enhancement of Akt activity. Our results showed that flow cytometry analysis, performed on fixed and permeabilized cells, correlated well with the results provided by in vitro activity assays and Western blots. Therefore, our findings might indicate that flow cytometric study of Akt (both total and phosphorylated) content may be applied in routine work for phenotyping of hematological and non-hematological neoplasias, and allow for its use as a useful marker for the classification and the prognosis of neoplastic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Immunoematologia e Trasfusionale, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tazzari
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappellini
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bortul
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Billi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabellini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002999:Clone Cells; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012694:Serine; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt