title: [Postoperative analgesia with morphine with or without diclofenac after shoulder surgery].
abstract: Balanced analgesia using a narcotic and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been successfully tested for postoperative analgesia. This study was designed to examine the efficacy of such combination therapy after shoulder surgeries. Twenty ASA physical status I or II patients, scheduled for shoulder surgeries under general anesthesia, were randomly assigned to either morphine (M) group (n = 10), who received IV morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) alone (2 mg as a bolus, lock-out interval of 10-minutes, and 10 mg as 1-hour limit for 48 hours), or morphine + diclofenac (M + D) group (n = 10), who received, in addition to morphine PCA, diclofenac suppositories 50 mg.8 h-1 starting immediately before surgical incision for 48 hours. Postoperative analgesic profiles, such as visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and on movement, and cumulative morphine consumption, the incidence and extent of side effects (nausea, vomiting, and time till the first bowel movement), and other complications were recorded. The two groups were similar demographically. Patients in the M + D group required 15.1 +/- 9.0 mg of morphine within 48 hours after surgery, while those in the M group required 30.5 +/- 21.0 mg of morphine (P < 0.05). No significant differences in VAS at rest and on movement were observed between the two groups. The time till the first bowel movement was significantly shorter in the M + D group. Our data suggest that diclofenac suppositories 50 mg.8 h-1 starting immediately before surgery for 48 h are effective adjuvant in reducing post-shoulder surgery morphine requirement and retardation of bowel movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D011292:Premedication; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery; D013488:Suppositories
chemical_list: D013488:Suppositories; D004008:Diclofenac; D009020:Morphine