title: DRD4 and novelty seeking: results of meta-analyses.
abstract: Studies of the association between polymorphisms within and near the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and novelty seeking (NS) have produced inconsistent results, raising questions about the strength of the relationship and the methodological conditions under which the relationship holds. We conducted three meta-analyses of existing studies to provide formal statistical measures of the strength of the DRD4-NS relationship. Results provided no support for a relationship between NS and the presence of the 7-repeat allele of the VNTR polymorphism. A small positive effect, however, was found for long repeats of the same polymorphism. The most promising findings were obtained for the relationship with the -521 C/T promoter polymorphism, for which the analysis showed an effect size of 0.32. The positive findings are consistent with a polygenic model of influence on fundamental personality dimensions.
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veteran Administration Medical Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA. jschinka@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schinka
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Letsch
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005091:Exons; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4