title: [Ocular complications in systemic lupus erythematosus--choroidal and retinal pigment epithelial changes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cotton wool patch and retinal hemorrhage are common ocular findings in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids may modify choroidal and retinal findings. We examined ocular complications, mainly choroidal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty SLE cases[3 males, 47 females, 41 +/- 15 (mean +/- standard deviation) year-old] were examined and treated in the departments of Internal Medicine and Ophthalmology of Osaka University Medical Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications included cataract in 16 cases, glaucoma or ocular hypertension in 9 cases, and choroidal and retinal changes in 15 cases. Occlusive retinal vasculitis, retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction, such as pigment epithelial detachment, choroidal neovascularization and multiple posterior pigment epitheliopathy, in 6 cases, and branch retinal vein occlusion in 2 cases were detected as fundus complications. Average time period from the first detection of SLE was 13 years in patients with RPE changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long term corticosteroid therapy is probably responsible for the RPE complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye