title: Effects of 10% carbamide peroxide on the enamel surface morphology: a scanning electron microscopy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have been published about the effect of carbamide peroxide on enamel surface morphology. However, only a few studies have been carried out under intraoral conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two commercially available 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products (Colgate Platinum and Starbrite) on the enamel surface morphology under intraoral conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four subjects were divided into two groups and assigned a product to use for 2 weeks. Epoxy resin replicas obtained from the maxillary right central incisors of the subjects before, immediately after, and 3 months after the bleaching procedure were examined under a scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after the bleaching procedure, the surface porosity of enamel had increased in the Colgate Platinum group, whereas erosive surface alterations were observed in the Starbrite group. At 3 months, the surface morphology of enamel in the Colgate Platinum group was similar to the untreated enamel surface. In the Starbrite group, erosive defects on the enamel surface had decreased within 3 months, and the appearance of the enamel surface was almost the same as the untreated enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though both bleaching agents caused alterations in the surface morphology of enamel, these alterations were reversed within 3 months following treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching products cause alterations in enamel surface morphology immediately after bleaching, and the degree of these alterations depends on the brand of bleaching agent and duration of application time. However, these alterations revert to almost normal within 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. mturkun@bornova.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkun
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sevgican
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.forename: Bekir Oğuz
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Aktener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016877:Oxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016628:Replica Techniques; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea