title: A review of methotrexate-induced accelerated nodulosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the English-language literature on methotrexate-induced accelerated nodulosis, compile case reports of its occurrences, and make recommendations on the clinical management of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, TOXLINE, and EMBASE databases was performed, along with a bibliographic search of key articles. Case reports were compiled separately. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale was used to assess causality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven case reports of patients with methotrexate-induced accelerated nodulosis were identified along with one series of 10 patients and one series of 21 patients. Probability assessment for most of the case reports was weak and left room for doubt regarding causality. Most patients were older than 50 years, were positive for rheumatoid factor, and had nodules on their fingers but did not have concurrent vasculitis. Some unusual sites of nodulosis were the larynx, lungs, Achilles tendon, and heart. Of 19 patients given hydroxychloroquine, colchicine, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, or D-penicillamine, all except two showed regression of the nodules; the response was unknown for one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Controversy surrounds the management of patients who develop accelerated nodulosis while receiving methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Our review of these data does not allow definitive conclusions because the available case reports and clinical trials are fragmented and incomplete.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford 73102, USA. patatae@swosu.edu
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patatanian
authors.forename: Dennis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012215:Rheumatic Nodule / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D008727:Methotrexate