title: [Osteomyelitis of the tibial head caused by Mycobacterium haemophilium in a patient with AIDS].
abstract: METHODS
  A 53-year-old man with known HIV infection and AIDS was admitted because of painful swelling at the right knee for 6 weeks. The cause was thought to be osteomyelitis and surgical treatment was planned.
  
  
  METHODS
  No causative pathogen was found at curettage and lavage of an abscess at the right medical head of the tibia, but at a subsequent operative revision acid-fast rods were seen and identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systemic antibiotic, 1 g levofloxacin daily, had been started at the initial abscess operation. 2 weeks later, because swelling of the right knee had recurred with marked local and systemic signs of infection, a second surgical intervention was performed. Afterwards, in view of the histological finding of acid-fast bacteria suggesting tubercular osteomyelitis, the patient was put on combined treatment with 300 mg/d of isoniazid, 1600 mg/d of ethambutol, 2 g/d of pyrazinamide, and 1 g of streptomycin i.m. every other day. After molecular microbiological identification of M. haemophilum the antibiotic treatment was changed to 1600 mg/d of ethambutol, 300 mg/d of rifabutin and 1 g/d of clarithromycin. The operation wound healed well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M. haemophilum infection can be lethal in immunodeficient patients if untreated. Although there is no standard treatment, this rare infectious disease responds relatively well to a modified combined tuberculostatic regimen. Special laboratory techniques to identify the specific causative pathogen are therefore of great importance.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Zentrum der Hygiene, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt a.M. A.Gruschke@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruschke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enzensberger
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brade
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000038:Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018393:Mycobacterium haemophilum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D017828:Rifabutin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013977:Tibia / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D017828:Rifabutin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D004977:Ethambutol; D015242:Ofloxacin; D017291:Clarithromycin