title: [Enhancing effects of ion-pair complexes on skin permeation of cromolyn in vitro].
abstract: Lipophilic ion-pair complexes of 3-dl-alpha-tocopherylcarbonyl-1-n-alkyl-pyridinium-cromolyn (TAP-CG) were designed to enhance the percutaneous absorption of cromolyn (CG), and the effect of n-alkyl chainlength of the ion-pair complexes on the CG permeation through hairless mouse skin was evaluated in vitro. The permeation rates of CG were examined in isopropyl myristate (IPM) suspension using static Keshany-Chien type diffusion cells at 32 degrees C. The permeation parameters, steady-state flux, diffusion coefficient, partition coefficient between skin and IPM, and permeability coefficient were determined. Steady-state fluxes of CG increased linearly with the increasing n-alkyl chain-length of TAP-CG, and 3-dl-alpha-tocopherylcarbonyl-1-n-hexyl-pyridinium-cromolyn (THP-CG) produced the highest CG flux (0.62 +/- 0.11 nmol.cm-2.h-1), which was 14-fold greater than that of CG.Na in IPM suspension and more than 480-fold greater than that of CG.Na in aqueous solution due to increasing lipophilicity. In the case of TAP-CG with longer n-alkyl chainlength than THP-CG, however, the steady-state fluxes of CG decreased due to the high molecular weight and/or the high lipophilicity of the ion-pair complexes. It is suggested that lipophilic ion-pair complexes, especially THP-CG, are effective in absorption of cromoglicate through the skin. The results would be useful for studies on the role of each counterion in the lipophilic ion-pair complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Magobei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hatsumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D014810:Vitamin E; C012581:alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium