title: When and by whom was the curved tip of a gum-elastic bougie first introduced.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*