title: Regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by N-ras in melanoma.
abstract: Oncogenic ras has been shown to downregulate Fas receptor expression and increase Fas ligand expression and thus contribute to resistance to Fas-mediated cell death in several cell types. The effects of ras on Fas-mediated apoptosis have not been studied in melanoma. We studied the effects of activated N-ras by measuring Fas, Fas ligand, and FLIP expression as well as susceptibility to Fas-ligand-induced cell death in transfectants of WM35, a radial growth phase human melanoma cell line. Based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, we found that the ras transfectants expressed less Fas mRNA and surface Fas receptor. Cr51 release cytotoxicity assays demonstrated less susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis in ras transfectants, correlating with the Fas mRNA and protein expression results. Ras inhibition with the specific inhibitor FTI-277 showed that downregulation of Fas in the ras transfectants could be reversed. This correlates with cytotoxicity experiments showing that ras inhibition increases susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. The control transfectants expressed FLIP but ras did not affect FLIP expression. The control and ras transfectants did not express Fas ligand as demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Cytotoxicity assays further confirmed that these melanoma ras transfectants do not express functional Fas ligand. These results suggest that ras contributes to tumor progression by decreasing susceptibility to Fas-mediated cell death at least in part through downregulation of Fas receptor at the transcriptional level.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Dermatology, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. jean.urquhart@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Meech
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: Yiqun G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Shellman
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008545:Melanoma; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019014:fas Receptor