Comparative analyses of immunoglobulin genes: surprises and portents.
The study of immunoglobulin genes in non-mouse and non-human models has shown that different vertebrate groups have evolved distinct methods of generating antibody diversity. By contrast, the development of T cells in the thymus is quite similar in all of the species that have been examined. The three mechanisms by which B cells uniquely modify their immunoglobulin genes -- somatic hypermutation, gene conversion and class switching -- are increasingly believed to share some fundamental mechanisms, which studies in different vertebrate groups have helped (and will continue to help) to resolve. When these mechanisms are better understood, we should be able to look to the constitutive pathways from which they have evolved and perhaps determine whether the rearrangement of variable, diversity and joining antibody gene segments -- V(D)J recombination -- was superimposed on an existing adaptive immune system.
Flajnik
Martin F
MF
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. mflajnik@som.umaryland.edu
D000818:Animals; D000916:Antibody Diversity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005785:Gene Conversion; D015322:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D023421:Models, Animal; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes