title: Changes in urinary levels and renal expression of uroguanylin on low or high salt diets in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The novel peptide, uroguanylin, is mainly produced in the intestine and causes natriuresis via cyclic GMP (cGMP) activation. Uroguanylin plays an important role in sodium transport in the gastrointestinal tract and functions as an intestinal natriuretic hormone during oral salt load. However, the role and behavior of uroguanylin in the kidneys during high salt load remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the uroguanylin concentrations in the urine and plasma of rats fed with low or high salt diets for 1 week, using a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). Urinary cGMP and electrolyte excretion was also measured. Intestinal and renal expression of uroguanylin mRNA was evaluated by Northern blotting and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urinary excretion of immunoreactive (ir-) uroguanylin in rats on the high salt diet was significantly higher than that in the low salt group (425 +/- 107 vs. 128 +/- 8.5 pmol/day, p < 0.01) and significantly correlated with urinary Na(+) and cGMP excretion. Plasma ir-uroguanylin levels between the two groups did not significantly differ. Uroguanylin mRNA expression was increased both in the intestine and kidneys of rats on the high salt diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that uroguanylin regulates sodium metabolism in the intestine and kidneys during oral salt load in an autocrine and paracrine manner.
authors.affiliation: First and Third Departments of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukae
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Shouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Tanenao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000652:urine; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D015870:Gene Expression; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; C084362:uroguanylin; D006152:Cyclic GMP