title: Plasma natriuretic peptides for community screening for left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction: the Framingham heart study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several reports have suggested the usefulness of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a screening test for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Prior studies were limited by small sample sizes and selection bias and none compared the diagnostic performance of these peptides in men and women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the usefulness of natriuretic peptides for screening for elevated LV mass and LVSD in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based prospective cohort study of 3177 participants (1707 women) from the Framingham Study who attended a routine examination in 1995-1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, test sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios for identifying elevated LV mass (sex-specific 90th percentile or higher of LV mass/[height](2)), LVSD (ejection fraction < or = 50% and/or fractional shortening <29%), and moderate to severe LVSD (ejection fraction < or = 40% and/or fractional shortening <22%) at different discrimination limits of plasma BNP and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT-ANP), with echocardiography as the criterion standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The areas under the ROC curves for elevated LV mass or LVSD were at or below 0.75 for both peptides, were higher for men compared with women, and were similar for BNP and NT-ANP. The diagnostic performance of natriuretic peptides for LVSD improved in women but not in men when select high-risk subgroups were targeted. Discrimination limits based on high specificity (0.95) yielded better positive predictive values and likelihood ratios compared with age- and sex-specific reference limits yet only identified less than one third of participants who had elevated LV mass or LVSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our large community-based sample, the performance of BNP and NT-ANP for detection of elevated LV mass and LVSD was suboptimal, suggesting limited usefulness of natriuretic peptides as mass screening tools.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA. vasan@fram.nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Leip
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter W F
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C099254:N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; D011498:Protein Precursors; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor