title: Comparison of neuromuscular blockade and recovery with botulinum toxins A and F.
abstract: Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A is used to treat focal dystonias. Because immunoresistance has been documented in some patients, other molecular forms of the toxin have been evaluated clinically. The present investigation compared the time course and extent of neuromuscular blockade and recovery of botulinum toxin types A and F using an electromyographic monitoring system implanted in the rat hindlimb. For a given dose, the degree and duration of blockade was more complete with type A toxin. Delayed onset of recovery in animals that received high doses of type A toxin allowed time for denervative changes to prevent a full return to baseline, as confirmed histologically. Conversely, animals receiving type F toxin fully recovered within 30 days at all dose levels. The rapid recovery with type F toxin suggested that neuromuscular transmission was restored via the original terminals rather than through functional collateral sprouting. The reversible nature of blockade with this molecular species puts in question its future clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt Voice Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Suite 2700, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. cbillante1964@aol.com
authors.forename: Cheryl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Billante
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zealear
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billante
authors.forename: Julio H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Geraldo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004576:Electromyography; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000294:innervation; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C096321:botulinum toxin type F