title: How should an infected perinephric haematoma be drained in a tetraplegic patient with baclofen pump implanted in the abdominal wall? - A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present a case to illustrate controversies in percutaneous drainage of infected, perinephric haematoma in a tetraplegic patient, who had implantation of baclofen pump in anterior abdominal wall on the same side as perinephric haematoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 56-year-old male with C-4 tetraplegia had undergone implantation of programmable pump in the anterior abdominal wall for intrathecal infusion of baclofen to control spasticity. He developed perinephric haematoma while he was taking warfarin as prophylactic for deep vein thrombosis. Perinephric haematoma became infected with a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and required percutaneous drainage. Positioning this patient on his abdomen without anaesthesia, for insertion of a catheter from behind, was not a realistic option. Administration of general anaesthesia in this patient in the radiology department would have been hazardous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous drainage was carried out by anterior approach under propofol sedation. The site of entry of percutaneous catheter was close to cephalic end of baclofen pump. By carrying out drainage from anterior approach, and by keeping this catheter for ten weeks, we took a risk of causing infection of the baclofen pump site, and baclofen pump with a resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The alternative method would have been to anaesthetise the patient and position him prone for percutaneous drainage of perinephric collection from behind. This would have ensured that the drainage track was far away from the baclofen pump with minimal risk of infection of baclofen pump, but at the cost of incurring respiratory complications in a tetraplegic subject.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Southport, PR8 6PN, UK. vaidyanathansiu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Subramanian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: Bakul M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Gurpreet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: John W H
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Tun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oo
authors.forename: Pradipkumar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sett
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D010501:Perinephritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015742:Propofol; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014859:Warfarin; D001418:Baclofen; D015742:Propofol