title: Differential regulation of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10 during measles in Zambian children.
abstract: To determine the effect of measles virus infection on cytokine production in children from sub-Saharan Africa, temporal changes in cytokine production in vivo were analyzed and the T cell sources of type 1 and type 2 cytokines were identified in Zambian children with measles. The immune response during measles involved early type 1 responses, with production of interferon-gamma by CD8(+) T cells and of interleukin (IL)-2 by CD4(+) T cells. Subsequently, more-prolonged increases were observed in the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, both produced by CD4(+) T cells. IL-5 was regulated differently from IL-4 and IL-13: levels were low compared with levels in control children and were reflected in lower eosinophil counts during measles. Immunoglobulin E was lower in children with measles, despite high levels of IL-4 and IL-13. Plasma levels of IL-10 were elevated for weeks, potentially contributing to impaired cellular immunity and depressed hypersensitivity responses following measles.
authors.affiliation: W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. wmoss@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ryon
authors.forename: Mwaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monze
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D015024:Zambia / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma