The Diabcare-Asia 1998 study--outcomes on control and complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
The aim of this study was to describe the glycaemic and metabolic control and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 Asian patients.


METHODS
Data of diabetes patients from 230 diabetes centres in 12 Asian regions were collected on a retrospective-prospective basis through review of medical records, interview and laboratory assessments. Analysis of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was carried out in central laboratories appointed by Bio-Rad. The data collection case record forms were scanned electronically.


RESULTS
22177 patients with valid data made up the analysis population. Among patents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was a higher proportion of women than men (53% vs. 47% for type 1 patients and 56% vs. 44% for type 2 diabetes). Hypertension (61%) and overweight (40% with BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 were common in type 2 patients. Dyslipidaemia was also present in at least half of both types of patients. Control of glycaemia (mean HbA,1c and fasting blood glucose [FBG]) was poor in type 1 (9.9 +/- 2.5%; 10.2 +/- 5.2 mmol/l) and type 2 patients (8.5 +/- 2.0%; 8.9 +/- 3.4 mmol/l). Glycaemia in the majority of both types of patients fell short of those stipulated by various guidelines. In type 2 patients, glycaemia deteriorated (HbA1c > 7.5%, FBG > or = 7.0 mmol/l) with duration of diabetes > 7 years. Both types of diabetes appear to share a similar high prevalence of complications of cataract, retinopathy and neuropathy, although the prevalence of cataract (27%) and neuropathy (35%) was higher in type 2 diabetes. Screening for microalbuminuria was not common.


CONCLUSIONS
The Inadequate metabolic and hypertension control, especially in type 2 patients, needs to be addressed.
Nitiyanant
W
W
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand. siwnt@mahidol.ac.th
Tandhanand
S
S
Mahtab
H
H
Zhu
X X
XX
Pan
C Y
CY
Raheja
B S
BS
Sathe
S R
SR
Soegondo
S
S
Soewondo
P
P
Kim
Y S
YS
Embong
M
M
Lantion-Ang
L
L
Lim-Abraham
M A
MA
Lee
W W R
WW
Wijesuriya
M
M
Tai
T Y
TY
Chuang
L M
LM
Le
H L
HL
Cockram
C
C
Jorgensen
L N
LN
Yeo
J P
JP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids