title: Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for primary insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 80 patients with primary insomnia (DSM-IV). The length of the test-retest interval was either 2 days or several weeks. Validity analyses were calculated for PSQI data and data from sleep diaries, as well as polysomnography. To evaluate the specificity of the PSQI, insomnia patients were compared with a control group of 45 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In primary insomnia patients, the overall PSQI global score correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was .87. Validity analyses showed high correlations between PSQI and sleep log data and lower correlations with polysomnography data. A PSQI global score > 5 resulted in a sensitivity of 98.7 and specificity of 84.4 as a marker for sleep disturbances in insomnia patients versus controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PSQI has a high test-retest reliability and a good validity for patients with primary insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany. backhaus.j@psychiatry.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Backhaus
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junghanns
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broocks
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hohagen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*