title: Thrombolysis for acute stroke in routine clinical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke can be given safely and effectively in study settings with experienced clinicians, but the patient outcomes associated with thrombolytic therapy in routine clinical practice require investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare outcomes among patients given intravenous thrombolysis in routine clinical practice with the results of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Study (NINDS cohort) and to examine whether protocol deviations are associated with adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort of community-based patients given thrombolysis for acute stroke from May 1, 1996, through December 31, 1998, in 16 Connecticut hospitals (Connecticut cohort).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two (67%) of 63 patients in the Connecticut cohort had at least 1 major protocol deviation, and 61 (97%) had major or minor protocol deviations. Overall, the in-hospital mortality was higher in the Connecticut cohort (16/63 [25%]) compared with the NINDS cohort (40/312 [13%]; P =.01). The serious extracranial hemorrhage rate was also higher for the Connecticut cohort (8/63 [13%] vs 5/312 [2%]; P =.001). Patients in the Connecticut cohort without major protocol deviations had outcomes similar to those in the NINDS cohort; however, patients in the Connecticut cohort with major protocol deviations had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (13/42 [31%] vs 40/312 [13%]; P =.002) and serious extracranial hemorrhage (7/42 [17%] vs 5/312 [2%]; P =.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protocol deviations occur commonly when thrombolytic therapy is given to stroke patients in routine clinical practice. Patients who receive thrombolysis with major protocol deviations have higher rates of in-hospital mortality and serious extracranial hemorrhage than patients in the NINDS cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8025, USA. dawn.bravata@yale.edu
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bravata
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Concato
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator