title: A polymerase chain reaction-based test for Verticillium fungicola causing dry bubble disease on the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus.
abstract: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test is described for the specific detection of Verticillium fungicola var. aleophilum (Vfa), the fungal pathogen causing dry bubble disease on the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. PCR primers were tailored to target a 162-bp arbitrary sequence in the Vfa genome. In PCR amplifications using the primer pair, all of 20 isolates of Vfa that had been collected during a 29-year period at commercial mushroom operations located primarily in North America were found to generate the diagnostic 162-bp DNA product. Conversely, the primers failed to produce the specific amplicon with DNA from isolates representing 5 other species of Verticillium, the pathogenic subspecies V. fungicola var. fungicola from Europe, and 12 other fungal species commonly inhabiting mushroom compost. A protocol was designed enabling a confirmed diagnosis of dry bubble disease in less than 3 h. The PCR-based test should find application for the rapid diagnosis and detection of the fungal pathogen in disease management programs and, potentially, in screening for on-the-farm sources of infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. cpr2@psu.edu
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Romaine
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlagnhaufer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000254:growth & development*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D009656:North America; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020172:Verticillium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal