title: Three-dimensional prenatal diagnosis of frontonasal malformation and unilateral cleft lip/palate.
abstract: Frontonasal malformation includes a spectrum of anomalies involving the eyes, nose, lips, forehead and brain. We present a case in which a fetal labial cleft was initially identified using traditional two-dimensional sonography. Three-dimensional sonography with multiplanar reconstruction and surface-rendering were essential to establish the diagnosis of frontonasal malformation with severe nasal hypoplasia and unilateral complete cleft lip/palate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. tshipp@partners.org
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Shipp
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bromley
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benacerraf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal