title: Association of mu-opioid receptor subunit gene and idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To replicate and extend the previously reported association between the opioid receptor mu subunit gene (OPRM1) and idiopathic absence epilepsy (IAE), using a sample of 230 probands with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In humans and in animal models, several lines of evidence implicate opioid receptors with seizures. The G118 allele of OPRM1 was associated with IAE (p = 0.019).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of OPRM1 were investigated by association studies with IGE using a case/control design, one of which also used a within-family design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Association was found for G118 with IGE (p = 0.00027, odds ratio [OR] = 1.86), replicating the previous association. Within-family tests of linkage and association (haplotype-based haplotype relative risk and transmission disequilibrium test) confirmed this result. Further evidence for involvement of OPRM1 in IGE was provided by an association with G-172T, located in the 5' untranslated region (p = 0.0015, OR = 2.36). Haplotypes of the two SNPs were associated with IGE with a greater level of significance (p = 0.000087) suggesting that both SNPs might be in linkage disequilibrium with a single functional variant. Analysis of the results by subgroups of IGE showed association with all subgroups tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the previous association and support the hypothesis of a role for OPRM1 in IGE, including absence syndromes. However, the authors found no evidence for a specific association between OPRM1 and idiopathic absence epilepsy. The data suggest that the functional variant predisposing to IGE is located within 60kb of exon 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osei-Lah
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chioza
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nashef
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Makoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu