title: Potential use of autoinjector-packaged antidotes for treatment of pediatric nerve agent toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the feasibility of discharging Mark 1 atropine and pralidoxime autoinjectors into small, sterile vials to facilitate the potential intramuscular injection of these antidotes, particularly pralidoxime, on a milligram per kilogram basis to small children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autoinjectors were swabbed with isopropyl alcohol and then discharged into emptied, sterile, plastic 10-mL vials. This was repeated with the investigator garbed in standard personal protective gloves and full face mask and hood. The autoinjector injection surfaces were cultured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The autoinjectors were easily discharged into the vials without need for practice or special dexterity, even when investigators were garbed in protective gear. A small core of rubber stopper might be injected into the vial, and thus, the vial contents need to be withdrawn through a filter needle before reinjection. The autoinjector injection surfaces were sterile after alcohol swabbing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoinjectors might be a readily available source of concentrated pralidoxime for potential intramuscular use in small children.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA 19104, USA. henretig@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Fred M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Henretig
authors.forename: Crawford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mechem
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jew
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023482:Bioterrorism; D002648:Child; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007277:Injections, Jet / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D001285:Atropine; C028797:pralidoxime