title: Self-assessed secondary difficulties among paralytic poliomyelitis and spinal cord injury survivors in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the time course of secondary worsening of difficulties (SWD) experienced by postpolio and spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter study in general community in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 662 postpolio and 736 SCI subjects who had had contact with some rehabilitation facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents completed a questionnaire about demographic factors, physical complaints, activities of daily living (ADLs), social participation, and a visual analog scale of time course for difficulties (VAST-D) devised for the present study in which the subjects drew a single curve to indicate the lifetime course of disability as they perceived it.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Signs of SWD in all extremities of the polio patients and in the upper extremities of the SCI subjects were visually shown by the VAST-D. Additionally, the prevalence of postpolio syndrome and SWD in the SCI group was estimated to be 55.3% and 45.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWD was visually shown by the VAST-D in polio and SCI subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kumakura@med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumakura
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Mamori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimizuka
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016262:Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012944:Social Support; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires