title: Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current standard therapy for children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease includes combination chemotherapy and low-dose involved-field radiation (LD-IFRT). Because radiation may be associated with adverse late effects, the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) investigated whether radiation could be omitted in patients achieving a complete response to initial chemotherapy without jeopardizing the excellent outcome obtained with combined-modality therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and December 1998, 829 eligible patients were enrolled onto CCG 5942. A total of 501 patients who achieved an initial complete response after risk-adapted combination chemotherapy were randomized to receive LD-IFRT or no further treatment. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival were assessed from the date of study entry or the date of randomization, as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The projected 3-year EFS from study entry for the entire cohort was 87% +/- 1.2%. Among patients who achieved a complete response to initial chemotherapy, 92% +/- 1.9% of those randomized to receive LD-IFRT were alive and disease free 3 years after randomization, versus 87% +/- 2.2% for patients randomized to receive no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P =.057). With an "as-treated" analysis, 3-year EFS after randomization for the radiation cohort was 93% +/- 1.7% versus 85% +/- 2.3% for patients receiving no further therapy (stratified log-rank test; P =.0024). Three-year survival estimates for patients treated with and without LD-IFRT were 98% +/- 1.1% for patients who received radiation and 99% +/- 0.5% for patients who did not receive radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LD-IFRT after an initial complete response to risk-adapted chemotherapy improved EFS. At this time, there is no survival advantage for LD-IFRT, but follow-up remains short.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. jnachman@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nachman
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sposto
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolden
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Marshall E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kadin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pattengale
authors.forename: P Charlton
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012074:Remission Induction; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone