title: Does managed care restrictiveness affect the perceived quality of primary care? A report from ASPN. Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The competitive managed care marketplace is causing increased restrictiveness in the structure of health plans. The effect of plan restrictiveness on the delivery of primary care is unknown. Our purpose was to examine the association of the organizational and financial restrictiveness of managed care plans with important elements of primary care, the patient-clinician relationship, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of 15 member practices of the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network selected to represent diverse health care markets. Each practice completed a Managed Care Survey to characterize the degree of organizational and financial restrictiveness for each individual health care plan. A total of 199 managed care plans were characterized. Then, 1475 consecutive outpatients completed a patient survey that included: the Components of Primary Care Instrument as a measure of attributes of primary care; a measure of the amount of inconvenience involved with using the health care plan; and the Medical Outcomes Study Visit Rating Form for assessing patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinicians' reports of inconvenience were significantly associated (P < .001) with the financial and organizational restrictiveness scores of the plan. There was no association between plan restrictiveness and patient report of multiple aspects of the delivery of primary care or patient satisfaction with the visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plan restrictiveness is associated with greater perceived hassle for clinicians but not for patients. Plan restrictiveness seems to be creating great pressures for clinicians, but is not affecting patients' reports of the quality of important attributes of primary care or satisfaction with the visit. Physicians and their staffs appear to be buffering patients from the potentially negative effects of plan restrictiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7136, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Flocke
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Orzano
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Selinger
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vorel
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nutting
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Stange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States