title: Changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women receiving low-dose combinations of 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the modification of lipid and lipoprotein by use of low doses of continuous-combined formulations of 17beta-estradiol (E ) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) in healthy postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 120 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to one of three treatment arms: (1) placebo group ( = 40); (2) E /NETA 0.25-mg group-subjects receiving oral continuous-combined E 1 mg and NETA 0.25 mg ( = 40); (3) E /NETA 0.5-mg group-women who were treated with E 1 mg and NETA 0.5 mg ( = 40). The duration of study was 12 months. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B were determined on four occasions (i.e., baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month visits).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the baseline characteristics among the three groups. A total of 102 women completed the study, resulting in a compliance rate of 85%. There was a significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) in both combined groups when compared with placebo. The level of apolipoprotein B declined significantly only in the E /NETA 0.25-mg group. Decrements were observed within 3 months of treatment and maintained thereafter. No significant changes were found in triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, and LDL/HDL ratio. Between the two active combined groups, no statistically significant differences were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Favorable changes in lipids and lipoproteins were associated with the low dose of E /NETA combinations. These effects may contribute to the reduction or prevention of atherogenesis in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. goran.samsioe@gyn.lu.se
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samsioe
authors.forename: Cairu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borgfeldt
authors.forename: Kittisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilawan
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aberg
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D004958:Estradiol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone