title: 1-[4-[4[(4R,5R)-3,3-Dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-1-benzothiepin-5-yl]phenoxy]butyl]-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane methanesulfonate (SC-435), an ileal apical sodium-codependent bile acid transporter inhibitor alters hepatic cholesterol metabolism and lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in guinea pigs.
abstract: Male Hartley guinea pigs (10/group) were assigned either to a control diet (no drug treatment) or to diets containing 0.4, 2.2, or 7.3 mg/day of an ileal apical sodium-codependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor, 1-[4-[4[(4R,5R)-3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-1-benzothiepin-5-yl]phenoxy]butyl]-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2] octane methanesulfonate (SC-435). Based on food consumption, guinea pigs received 0, 0.8, 3.7, or 13.4 mg/kg/day of the ASBT inhibitor. The amount of cholesterol in the four diets was maintained at 0.17%, equivalent to 1200 mg/day in the human situation. Guinea pigs treated with 13.4 mg/kg/day SC-435 had 41% lower total cholesterol and 44% lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations compared with control (P < 0.01), whereas no significant differences were observed with either of the lower doses of SC-435. Hepatic cholesterol esters were significantly reduced by 43, 56, and 70% in guinea pigs fed 0.8, 3.7, and 13.4 mg/kg/day of the ASBT inhibitor, respectively (P < 0.01). In addition, the highest dose of the inhibitor resulted in a 42% increase in the number of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol molecules and a larger VLDL diameter compared with controls (P < 0.05). Acyl-CoA cholesterol/acyltransferase activity was 30% lower with the highest dose treatment, whereas cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the regulatory enzyme of bile acid synthesis, was 30% higher with the highest ASBT inhibitor dose (P < 0.05). Furthermore, bile acid excretion increased 2-fold with the highest dose of SC-435 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations by the ASBT inhibitor is a result of alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism due to modifications in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA. kristy_west@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Tripurasundari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramjiganesh
authors.forename: Suheeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014326:Tropanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014326:Tropanes; C466800:1-(4-(4-(3,3-dibutyl-7-(dimethylamino)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxido-1-benzothiepin-5-yl)phenoxy)butyl)-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo(2.2.2)octane; C037643:bile acid binding proteins; C435496:AKR1C2 protein, human; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)