title: Relationship between glycoxidation and cytokines in the vitreous of eyes with diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlations among pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, and related cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta(2), and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1), and active oxygen in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous samples from 43 eyes that underwent vitrectomy to treat DR were divided into four subgroups and analyzed. Vitreous samples from 21 eyes of patients with no systemic conditions served as age- and sex-matched controls. The vitreous levels of pentosidine, cytokines, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the titanium-hydrogen peroxide colorimetric method, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of pentosidine, VEGF, total TGF-beta(2), and MCP-1 in the vitreous samples of eyes with DR were significantly higher than in the controls (P <.01). Significant correlations (P <.01) were found between pentosidine and VEGF, pentosidine and H(2)O(2), H(2)O(2) and VEGF, and total TGF-beta(2) and MCP-1 (r = 0.62, 0.58, 0.65, and 0.59, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that elevated levels of pentosidine may cause increased levels of VEGF in the vitreous of patients with DR. Increased levels of total TGF-beta(2) and MCP-1 together also might play an important role in the development of DR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008222:Lymphokines; C509041:TGFB2 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D001120:Arginine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine