title: Abnormal verbal event related potentials in mild cognitive impairment and incipient Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that patients with amnesia have a reduced effect of word repetition upon the late positive component of the event related potential (ERP), which peaks at around 600 ms after word onset.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study a word repetition ERP paradigm in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 patients with mild cognitive impairment (mean mini-mental state examination score = 27); 14 normal elderly controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Auditory category statements were each followed by a single visual target word (50% "congruous" category exemplars, 50% "incongruous") while ERPs were recorded. N400 (an ERP component elicited by semantically "incongruous" words) and LPC amplitude data were submitted to analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The latency of the N400 was slower in mild cognitive impairment. In normal controls, the ERPs to "congruous" targets showed a late positive component to new words, which was greatly diminished with repetition. This repetition effect in normal subjects started before 300 ms at right frontal sites, and peaked at approximately 600 ms post-stimulus over posterior sites. In contrast, the group with mild cognitive impairment had a reduced repetition effect (p < 0.02), which started around 500 ms, with a more central distribution. Further comparisons within the cognitive impairment group showed no appreciable congruous word repetition effect among seven individuals who subsequently converted to probable Alzheimer's disease. The congruous word repetition effect in the group with mild cognitive impairment was almost entirely accounted for by the non-converters. The amplitude of the congruous late positive component word repetition effect was significantly correlated (0.38 < or = r < or = 0.73) with several verbal memory measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The congruous word repetition ERP effect appears sensitive to the memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment and could have value in predicting incipient Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA. olichney@cogsci.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olichney
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kutas
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Iragui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014825:Vocabulary