title: Spine length measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate spine length as an indicator of skeletal growth in the first trimester of pregnancy and to provide a nomogram of spine length at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 420 single pregnancies, at gestational ages ranging from 11 to 14 weeks, using high-resolution transabdominal echography. Biparietal diameter and crown-rump length (CRL) were measured to date the pregnancy. Using the same scanning plane used to measure CRL, the whole spine length in antero-dorsal position can be visualized as a double hyperechoic line from 10 weeks of gestation onwards. Spine length was measured three times by one observer and the mean of the three measurements was considered as definitive. Forty fetuses had multiple measurements for interobserver and intraobserver error analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear relationship between spine length, and gestational age, biparietal diameter and CRL were demonstrated. Spine length (millimetres) as a function of gestational age (days) was expressed by the regression equation: spine length = 1.09 x (gestational age in days) -60.56, with a determination coefficient of R(2) = 0.744. Spine length ranged from 21.5 mm at 11 weeks to 41.9 mm at 14 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained showed that spine length increased progressively from the end of the first trimester to the beginning of the second. A high correlation between spine length, gestational age, biparietal diameter, and CRL was observed. Spine length measurement could therefore be considered a good indicator of fetal growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Genoa, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy. bnhdeb@tin.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Biasio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginocchio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vignolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aicardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*