title: Treatment of refractory antibody mediated autoimmune disorders with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, has recently been used for the treatment of refractory antibody mediated autoimmune diseases such as immune mediated thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Because of its novel mechanism of action, rituximab was used to treat three patients with refractory systemic antibody mediated autoimmune disorders. The first patient, a 71 year old woman with idiopathic type II mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia, had both dermatological and neurological manifestations with marked renal disease attributed to her cryoglobulinaemia. Patient 2, a 73 year old woman with Goodpasture's syndrome, was refractory to conventional treatment (cyclophosphamide, prednisone, plasmapheresis). She had persistent haemoptysis and haematuria and positive antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. The third patient, a 75 year old man with primary biliary cirrhosis, myelodysplasia, and systemic immune complex vasculitis, had progressive renal insufficiency, a macular erythematous rash, and severe thrombocytopenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with rituximab resolved all clinical and laboratory manifestations in the three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rituximab may be an important therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients refractory or intolerant to corticosteroid or cytotoxic treatment, or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arzoo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Liebman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019867:Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease / Q000628:therapy; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000628:therapy; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007105:Immune Complex Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D000069283:Rituximab; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab