title: Developmental trajectories of poorly nourished toddlers that received a micronutrient supplement with and without energy.
abstract: Experimental and quasi-experimental studies on the effects of nutritional supplements on development in young children generally include snapshots of development. Developmental outcomes are better revealed when multiple assessments are made over time. We compared the effects of a micronutrient intervention with and without supplementary energy on the mental and motor growth curves of poorly nourished toddlers in West Java. Subjects (12-mo-old cohort, n = 33; 18-mo-old cohort, n = 42) were randomly assigned to receive energy + micronutrients (E + M) or micronutrients (M) daily for 12 mo. The cohort/treatment groups were then classified as either relatively short or tall. Within the 12-mo cohort, the baseline mean length Z-scores ranged from -2.53 to -1.29 and the baseline mean weight Z-scores ranged from -3.05 to -2.18. The same pretreatment anthropometrics for the older cohort ranged from -3.22 to -1.59 and from -3.42 to -2.26. Mental and motor development scores (Bayley) were obtained at baseline and every 2 mo for 12 mo. There was a Cohort x Length Category x Supplement interaction for mental slopes (P < 0.01). Slopes for tall-E + M (b = 5.35) and tall-M children (b = 5.39) in the 18-mo cohort were equivalent, but slopes for short-E + M (b = 6.13) and short-M (b = 4.67) children differed greatly (P = 0.03). On the basis of this finding and findings previously reported from this study, we concluded that the unfavorable developmental response to the M supplement that was restricted to the shortest children within an already disadvantaged group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, USA. epollitt@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pollitt
authors.forename: Abas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jahari
authors.forename: Mahdin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husaini
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kariger
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saco-Pollitt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001827:Body Height; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000178:diet therapy*
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients