title: Induction of differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) by the verticillin derivative Sch 52900.
abstract: The HL-60 cell line, derived from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia, is a widely used model system to study the cellular and molecular events involved in differentiation of leukemic cells. In a screening for inducers of differentiation of HL-60 cells, cultures of Gliocladium strain 4-93 were found to produce Sch 52900, a previously isolated diketopiperazine (Chu et al,. J Antibiotics 48, 1440-1445). Sch 52900 induced the differentation of 50-69% of HL-60 cells at concentrations of 6.8-13.6 nM as measured by nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) reduction which was followed by apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation. Our results demonstrate that growth arrest and the induction of differentiation by Sch 52900 is due to the induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21WAF and an inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway which leads to the activation of the transcription factor AP-1.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung eV, Kaiserslautern, Germany. erkel@ibwf.de
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erkel
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gehrt
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anke
authors.forename: Olov
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sterner
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D020462:Gliocladium / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D007211:Indoles; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C097800:Sch 52900; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate