title: Evaluation of safety and efficacy of acaricides for control of the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum) on leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis).
abstract: Nine acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, fipronil, lindane, permethrin, phenothrin, and pyrethrins) were studied for their efficacy in killing the African tortoise tick (Amblyomma marmoreum). Only four of the acaricides (chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, lindane, and permethrin) produced 100% mortality within 24 hr of application, and only two (cyfluthrin and permethrin) continued to cause 100% mortality when diluted to as low as 1:10,000. Five of the acaricides (amitraz, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, and permethrin) were studied for toxicity to the leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis), the most common host of A. marmoreum. The results indicate that cyfluthrin and permethrin, which were herein found to be the two most effective acaricides for control of A. marmoreum, are also the safest acaricides for use on leopard tortoises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-0880, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burridge
authors.forename: Trevor F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Suman M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mahan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D026863:Ixodidae; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014426:Turtles / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; C052570:cyfluthrin