title: Mapping of antibody responses to the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis by flow cytometric analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge of the target and functional capability of the antibody response against an antigen provides more specific and relevant information about protective immunity than measuring the total amount of antibody produced against an antigen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using flow cytometry, a competitive assay has been created for measuring the antibody response against important epitopes of an antigen. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the protective antigen (PA) component of Bacillus anthracis are available that neutralize the activity of lethal toxin (LeTx). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these mAbs bind PA conjugated to polystyrene latex microspheres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlabeled mAbs against PA competed with fluorescent mAbs that bind the homologous epitope but not with fluorescent mAbs that bind heterologous epitopes. Four-parameter logistic models were developed for measuring the antibody response against two epitopes of PA. Sera from anthrax-vaccinated rabbits inhibited the binding of fluorescent mAbs to either epitope; the degree of inhibition correlated with the dilution of sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response in the rabbit sera to either epitope on PA depended on the dose of vaccine administered to the rabbits. No inhibition was seen with sera from control animals. With no species-specific components, this assay could be adapted readily for comparing responses between species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxinology and Aerobiology, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. doug.reed@det.amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smoll
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines