title: Immunofluorometric quantitation and histochemical localisation of kallikrein 6 protein in ovarian cancer tissue: a new independent unfavourable prognostic biomarker.
abstract: Human kallikrein 6 protein is a newly discovered human kallikrein. We determined the amount of human kallikrein 6 in extracts of 182 ovarian tumours and correlated specific activity (ng hK6 mg(-1) total protein) with clinicopathological variables documented at the time of surgical excision and with outcome (progression free survival, overall survival) monitored over a median interval of 62 months. Thirty per cent of the tumours were positive for human kallikrein 6 (>35 ng hK6 mg(-1) total protein). Human kallikrein 6-specific immunohistochemical staining of four ovarian tissues that included benign, borderline and malignant lesions indicated a cytoplasmic location of human kallikrein 6 in tumour cells of epithelial origin, although the intensity of staining was variable. Tumour human kallikrein 6 (ng hK6 mg(-1) total protein) was higher in late stage disease, serous histotype, residual tumour >1 cm and suboptimal debulking (>1 cm) (P<0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with tumour human kallikrein 6 positive specific activity were more likely to suffer progressive disease and to die (hazard ratio 1.71 (P=0.015) and 1.88 (P=0.022), respectively). Survival curves demonstrated the same (P=0.013 and 0.019, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that human kallikrein 6 positivity was retained as an independent prognostic variable in several subgroups of patients, namely those with (low) grade I and II tumours (hazard ratio progression free survival 4.3 (P=0.027) and overall survival 4.1 (P=0.023)) and those with optimal debulking (hazard ratio progression free survival 3.8 (P=0.019) and overall survival 5.6 (P=0.011)). We conclude that tumour kallikrein 6 protein levels have utility as an independent adverse prognostic marker in a subgroup of ovarian cancer patients with otherwise apparently good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katsaros
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scorilas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diamandis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fracchioli
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rigault de la Longrais
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Colgan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puopolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massobrio
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002457:Cell Extracts; D018450:Disease Progression; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002457:Cell Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C103551:KLK6 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins