title: Anti-tumor mechanisms of valproate: a novel role for an old drug.
abstract: Valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylpentanoic acid) is an established drug in the long-term therapy of epilepsy. During the past years, it has become evident that VPA is also associated with anti-cancer activity. VPA not only suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, but also induces tumor differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Several modes of action might be relevant for the biological activity of VPA: (1) VPA increases the DNA binding of activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, and the expression of genes regulated by the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)-AP-1 pathway; (2) VPA downregulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity; (3) VPA inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway; (4) VPA activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARgamma and delta; (5) VPA blocks HDAC (histone deacetylase), causing hyperacetylation. The findings elucidate an important role of VPA for cancer therapy. VPA might also be useful as low toxicity agent given over long time periods for chemoprevention and/or for control of residual minimal disease.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum der Hygiene, Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Interdisziplinäres Labor für Tumor- und Virus for schung, Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blaheta
authors.forename: Jindrich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cinatl
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid