title: Promoting normalization in families with preschool children with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The family environment is the most important influence on child adaptation to type 1 diabetes. A plan of care assists parental adaptation in families with a preschool child with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The family environment is affected by the family's progress toward normalcy. Normalization can be facilitated by nursing interventions that promote parental mutuality in management and the development of a parental support system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses can provide education about Type 1 diabetes and its management in preschool children to fathers, other family members, and family friends to encourage their involvement in caregiving. Parental mutuality in management and an adequate parental instrumental support system facilitates normalization and affects the family environment, thus promoting child adaptation.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, School of Nursing, Austin, USA. janicemcdougal@aol.com
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDougal
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States