Viral evasion of natural killer cells during human cytomegalovirus infection.
Cytotoxic T cells are major players in the immune defence against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The virus has, however, developed several mechanisms to escape from this control. In particular, it down-regulates cell surface expression of HLA class I molecules. Because natural killer (NK) cells recognize and eliminate cells that lack HLA class I molecules, HCMV-infected cells could be more susceptible to NK lysis. In this review, we discuss the role played by NK cells in immune defence against HCMV and we describe potential strategies the virus has developed to escape from NK cell-mediated lysis. We focus in particular on a newly described protein, HCMV gpUL40, that induces cell surface expression of HLA-E, a non-classical class I molecule known to regulate NK cell functions.
Braud
V M
VM
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 6097, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
Tomasec
P
P
Wilkinson
G W G
GW
D000818:Animals; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D000097625:HLA-E Antigens
D006680:HLA Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D014764:Viral Proteins; D000097625:HLA-E Antigens; C404228:UL40 glycoprotein, Cytomegalovirus