title: Coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: a population-based autopsy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis is greater among diabetic than among nondiabetic individuals and is similar for diabetic individuals without clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) and nondiabetics with clinical CAD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Persons with diabetes but without clinical CAD encounter cardiovascular mortality similar to nondiabetic individuals with clinical CAD. This excess mortality is not fully explained. We examined the association between diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis in a geographically defined autopsied population, while capitalizing on the autopsy rate and medical record linkage system available via the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which allows rigorous ascertainment of coronary atherosclerosis, clinical CAD, and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using two measures, namely a global coronary score and high-grade stenoses, the prevalence of atherosclerosis was analyzed in a cohort of autopsied residents of Rochester, Minnesota, age 30 years or older at death, while stratifying on diabetes, clinical CAD diagnosis, age, and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort, diabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis. Among diabetic decedents without clinical CAD, almost three-fourths had high-grade coronary atherosclerosis and more than half had multivessel disease. Without diabetes, women had less atherosclerosis than men, but this female advantage was lost with diabetes. Among those without clinical CAD, diabetes was associated with a global coronary disease burden and a prevalence of high-grade atherosclerosis similar to that observed among nondiabetic subjects with clinical CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide mechanistic insights into the excess risk of clinical CAD among diabetic individuals, thereby supporting the need for aggressive prevention of atherosclerosis in all diabetic individuals, irrespective of clinical CAD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Tauqir Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Goraya
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Leibson
authors.forename: Pasquale J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Killian
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Véronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence