title: Pharmacotherapeutic strategy in heart failure.
abstract: Chronic pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure deals with its special pathophysiology and acts on different sites of the cardiorenal axis. The standard-therapy consists of diuretics, ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers and can be supplemented by cardiac glycosides, if heart failure worsens. Cardiac glycosides are also administered if tachycardic arrhythmias occur. Aldosterone-antagonists are combined with standard therapy in NYHA III - IV to counteract cardiac remodelling. AT1-antagonists are indicated when ACE-inhibitors are contraindicated or cannot be administered because of side-effects. Combination with ACE-inhibitors and AT1-antagonists may be of benefit for the patient since morbidity and hospitalization decrease.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Clinic Lübeck, Germany. dominiak@medinf.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dominiak
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides; D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000803:Angiotensin I