title: Differential expression of a metallothionein gene during the presymbiotic versus the symbiotic phase of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
abstract: A full-length cDNA encoding a metallothionein (MT)-like polypeptide, designated GmarMT1, was identified in an expressed sequence tag collection from germinated spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita (BEG34). The GmarMT1 gene is composed of two exons separated by an 81-bp intron. It codes for a 65-amino acid polypeptide comprising a plant type 1 MT-like N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain that is most closely related to an as-yet-uncharacterized fungal MT. As revealed by heterologous complementation assays in yeast, GmarMT1 encodes a functional polypeptide capable of conferring increased tolerance against Cd and Cu. The GmarMT1 RNA is expressed in both presymbiotic spores and symbiotic mycelia, even in the absence of metal exposure, but is significantly less abundant in the latter stage. An opposite pattern was observed upon Cu exposure, which up-regulated GmarMT1 expression in symbiotic mycelia but not in germinated spores. Together, these data provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the occurrence in an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of a structurally novel MT that is modulated in a metal and life cycle stage-dependent manner and may afford protection against heavy metals (and other types of stress) to both partners of the endomycorrhizal symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Torino and Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante-Sezione di Torino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanfranco
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bolchi
authors.forename: Emanuele Cesale
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ottonello
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfante
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D008668:Metallothionein