title: Infiltration of T-lymphocytes in the brain after anterior chamber inoculation of a neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strain of HSV-1.
abstract: Following anterior chamber (AC) inoculation of BALB/c mice with the KOS strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), or with H129, a neuroinvasive and neurovirulent strain of HSV-1, both strains of virus spread from the injected eye through the brain to cause retinitis. However, KOS-infected mice develop retinitis in the uninoculated eye only, whereas H129-infected mice develop bilateral retinitis. Previous studies have shown that infiltrating T-cells in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus of KOS-infected mice concomitant with or before virus protect KOS-infected mice from ipsilateral retinitis. To determine the timing of T cell infiltration and cytokine production in the brain of H129-infected mice, adjacent, frozen sections of the brain were immunostained for virus, T-cells, IL-2, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. T-cells infiltrated the brains of H129-infected mice and cytokines were produced in infected tissues. However, virus spread to the optic nerve and retina of both the inoculated and uninoculated eye before T-cells and cytokines were detected in the SCN of H129-infected mice. These results suggest that infiltrating T-cells in the SCN of H129-infected mice may arrive too late to prevent the spread of virus into the optic nerves and retinas and thus prevent development of bilateral retinitis in infected mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Archin
authors.forename: Sally S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atherton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma