title: Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, and -13 in naturally occurring cartilaginous tumors of dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -13 in cartilaginous tumors of dogs, correlate expression of MMP with histologic grade of tumors and clinical outcome of dogs, and compare MMP immunoreactivity between chondrosarcomas and chondromas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from samples of naturally occurring chondrosarcomas (n = 31) and chondromas (8) of dogs that were submitted to our veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic sections from each sample were stained with H&E and monoclonal antibody to MMP-1, -3, and -13 by use of an avidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. For each section, histologic grade (I, II, or III) and immunohistochemical expression (0, 1, 2, or 3) were evaluated. Clinical outcome was obtained from medical records or interviews with referring veterinarians and scored as a good outcome, moderate outcome, or poor outcome. Correlations among variables and differences between chondrosarcomas and chondromas were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples from chondrosarcomas had significantly higher immunoreactivity of MMP-1 and -13, compared with immunoreactivity in samples from chondromas. In chondrosarcomas, a significant positive correlation (r, 0.386) was found between MMP-1 and -13 immunoreactivities, and a significant negative correlation (r, -0.390) was detected between MMP-3 and -13 immunoreactivities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant increase in expression of collagenases (MMP-1 and -13) in chondrosarcomas, compared with expression in chondromas, suggests that collagenases may play an important role in tumor progression, and possibly metastasis, in chondrosarcomas of dogs.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kreeger
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Gayle C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lanny W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Turnquist
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D002812:Chondroma / Q000201:enzymology*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000201:enzymology*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D004285:Dogs; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017364:Collagenases; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1