title: Cytoprotective effect of amifostine in radiation-induced acute mucositis - a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the cytoprotective impact of amifostine against acute radiation mucositis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 117 cancer patients with carcinomas localized in pelvic organs, lung and head and neck were entered into this study. In a retrospective way, and in order to minimize the bias related to the investigator, 138 patients as historical controls were randomly selected from a database in our hospital. Acute radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis, esophagitis and stomatitis were assessed using the common toxicity criteria scale. The most severe grade recorded was evaluated as the final morbidity score for this patient. Mean toxicity score (MTS) was the mean value of recorded acute radiation toxicity. Mean interruption time (MIT) was the mean value of recorded interruption time due to radiation toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly reduced severity of symptomatology related to oral, esophageal and rectal mucosa was noted in the amifostine group (group A) (p < 0.05, chi-square test). Furthermore, a significant reduction of MTS as well as MIT was observed in group A versus the historical controls (group B) (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of amifostine seems to protect patients against radiation-induced mucositis, but further investigation with randomized trials is needed.
authors.affiliation: Aretaieion University Hospital, Radiology Department, Athens, Greece. jrkouv@otenet.gr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kouvaris
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kouloulias
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kokakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsopoulos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balafouta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miliadou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlahos
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004999:Amifostine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine