title: Ischemic preconditioning diminishes oxygen demand and increases coronary flow in the early phase of reperfusion in rat heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can be defined as an adaptive mechanism induced by a brief period of reversible ischemia increasing the heart's resistance to a subsequent longer period of ischemia. The objective of our research was to describe the effects of IPC on the hemodynamic function and metabolism of the myocardium during postischemic reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 rat hearts were assigned to a preconditioning group (n=10) or to a control group (n=10). Preconditioning was achieved with 5 min. of global ischemia and 10 min. of reperfusion followed by 40 min. of ischemia. We investigated the postischemic recovery of aortic pressure, cardiac output, and coronary flow, as well as oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide release, and [H+] release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant intergroup differences in aortic pressure and cardiac output were observed during reperfusion. In both groups, increased coronary flow (greater in the IPC group: 11.4+/-0.6 ml/min. vs 9.1+/-0.5 ml/min. in control group) was observed in the early phase of reperfusion. This was accompanied by a rise in CO2 and [H+] release, which was also greater in the IPC group. Oxygen consumption was significantly lower in the IPC group in the later phase of reperfusion (9.39+/-0.53 vs 11.79+/-0.54 micromol/min/g dry weight), as were CO2 and [H+] release.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPC diminishes oxygen demand during reperfusion without changing the hemodynamic function considerably. IPC results in a transient increase of coronary flow accompanied by a rise in CO2 and [H+] release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiosurgery, Institute of Cardiology, Medical University of Łodź, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rudziński
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mussur
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wawrzycki
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gwiazda
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zasłonka
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mussur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006859:Hydrogen; D010100:Oxygen