title: Artificial neural network prediction of aerosol deposition in human lungs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a rapid and reliable method for predicting the pattern of aerosol particle deposition within the human lungs, using artificial neural networks (ANNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental data from the literature were used to train multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks to allow for prediction of regional and total aerosol particle deposition patterns in human lungs. These data covered particle sizes in the range 0.05-15 microm and three different breathing patterns (ranging from "quiet" breathing to breathing "under physical work conditions"). Three different MLPs were trained, to provide separate predictions of aerosol particle deposition in the laryngeal, bronchial, and alveolar regions. The total deposition fraction for a given set of breathing conditions was computed simply as the sum of the outputs produced from the corresponding regional deposition MLPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANNs developed are shown to give highly accurate predictions for both regional and total aerosol deposition patterns for all particle sizes and breathing conditions (with errors typically less than 0.04%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the current set of ANNs can be used to give good predictions of particle deposition from polydisperse pharmaceutical aerosols generated from breath-actuated dry powder inhalers, nebulizers, and metered dose inhalers with spacers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: M Jayne
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shrubb
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010316:Particle Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols