title: A comparison of the 24-gauge Sprotte and Gertie Marx spinal needles for combined spinal-epidural analgesia during labor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior experience with the combined spinal-epidural technique (CSE) for labor analgesia demonstrated a high (up to 14%) failure rate because of failure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or lack of response to appropriate doses of intrathecal sufentanil. The current study was designed to test whether a longer needle with a shorter side port (Gertie Marx needle; 127 mm long) would eliminate failures to obtain CSF compared with the needle we had used previously (Sprotte needle; 120 mm long).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three parturients were randomly assigned to have a CSE performed with one of these two needles. After identifying the epidural space with an 18-gauge Touhy needle at the L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace, the spinal needle was introduced through the Touhy needle until penetration of the dura was felt or until the needle was maximally inserted. If no CSF was obtained, the alternate needle was tried. After obtaining CSF, 10 microg sufentanil diluted in 1.8 ml saline was injected. Verbal pain scores (0-10) were obtained every 5 min for 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Failure to obtain CSF occurred six times in the Sprotte group compared with none in the Gertie Marx group (P < 0.05). In all six failures in the Sprotte group, the Gertie Marx needle subsequently proved successful in obtaining CSF. There were no differences in pain scores between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extra length of the 127-mm Gertie Marx needle resulted in a higher success rate for obtaining CSF when used in the CSE technique. Side port design was not a factor influencing success in this clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA. edriley@Leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Emily F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: Sheila E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D009339:Needles; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy