title: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: analysis of 48 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is extremely poor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for patients with advanced HCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight HCC patients with PVTT were treated by HAIC via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. Of these, 14 had PVTT in the second portal branch and 34 patients had PVTT in the first portal branch or in the main portal trunk. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily cisplatin (7 mg/m(2) for 1 hour on Days 1-5) followed by 5-fluorouracil (170 mg/m(2) for 5 hours on Days 1-5). Patients were scheduled to receive four serial courses of HAIC. Responders were defined as having either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and nonresponders were defined as exhibiting stable disease or progressive disease. The prognosis after HAIC and factors related to survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following HAIC, 4 and 19 patients exhibited a CR and PR, respectively (response rate = 48%). The 1, 2, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of 48 patients treated with HAIC were 45%, 31%, 25%, and 11%, respectively. Median survival periods for 23 responders and 25 nonresponders were 31.6 (range, 8.3-76.9) months and 5.4 (1.9-29.0) months, respectively. Therapeutic effect (P < 0.001) and hepatic reserve capacity (P = 0.021) were identified as significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified only therapeutic effect as being significantly related to survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAIC using low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil may be a useful therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC with PVTT. HCC patients with PVTT who respond to HAIC could certainly have survival benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka-ken 830-0011, Japan. nyando@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuromatsu
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yutani
authors.forename: Kazuta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukumori
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumie
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil