title: [Pathologic anatomy of congenital clubfoot--review of the literature and personal observations].
abstract: The authors present a review of literature of the past 40 years, relevant to the pathological anatomy of congenital clubfoot and their own views--based on intra-operative observations. Performing Goldner's procedure the authors noted the talar bone was rotated internally, as a whole and externally in relation to the forefoot. The head and neck of the talar bone were deviated medially in relation to the trochlear axis. These deformities lead to pronation and supination movements instead of the normal flexion and extension of the foot. The authors believe a wide capsulotomy with resection of the ligaments is necessary to achieve proper clubfoot correction.
authors.affiliation: Oddział Ortopedii i Traumatologii Katedry Chirurgii Pediatrycznej, Polsko-Amerykański Instytut Pediatrii Wydziału Lekarskiego UJ.
authors.forename: Bartłomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lejman
mesh_terms: D003025:Clubfoot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery; D011403:Pronation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000503:physiopathology