title: Effect of anal epidermoid cancer-related viruses on the dendritic (Langerhans') cells of the human anal mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of anal cancer is high in patients with anal condyloma. HIV increases this risk. We analyzed anal mucosa from normal individuals and individuals with condyloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal anal mucosa from 155 consecutively recruited patients (102 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative) with anal condyloma was compared with that obtained from 30 HIV-negative patients after hemorrhoid surgery (controls). Langerhans' cells (LCs), T lymphocytes, and viruses [EBV, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1, and human papillomavirus (HPV) types] in anal mucosa and HIV load and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in the serum were characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the control individuals had anal squamous intraepithelial lesion or HPV versus 19 HIV-positive and 4 HIV-negative patients with anal condyloma (P = 0.07). The number of LCs/mm in anal tissue was significantly higher in HIV-negative patients with condylomata (median, 30; range, 2-130) than in HIV-positive patients (median, 15; range, 0-100) or in controls (median, 17; range, 4-35). In HIV-negative individuals, the occurrence of condylomata was linked with a higher number of LCs. Significant differences were observed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with anal condylomata:number of LCs/mm anal tissue, oncogenic HPV (26% versus 8%), other current infections (35.6% versus 5%), being male (93% versus 74%). Multivariate regression analysis found HIV as the only risk factor for a decrease in the number of LCs (odds ratio, 6; 95% confidence interval, 2.28-16.1; P < 0.001) and the serum HIV load (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-21.4 log/ml; P < 0.03) but not the serum CD4 T-lymphocyte rate as a predictive risk factor for having <17 LCs/mm tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV increases the number of LCs in anal mucosa in HIV-negative individuals. HIV alters anal dendritic cells, likely leading to an increase in anal cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. iradj.sobhani@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Iradj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sobhani
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abramowitz
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henin
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cremieux
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soule
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D019562:Viral Load