title: A new technique for augmentation phalloplasty: albugineal surgery with bilateral saphenous grafts--three years of experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Penile augmentation surgery is a highly controversial issue due to the low level of standardisation of surgical techniques. The aim of the study is to illustrate a new technique to solve the problem of enlarging the penis by means of additive surgery on the albuginea of the corpora cavernosa, guaranteeing a real increase in size of the erect penis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 1997, 39 patients who requested an increase in the diameter of their penises underwent augmentation phalloplasty with bilateral saphena grafts. The patients considered eligible for surgery were patients with either hypoplasia of the penis or functional penile dysmorphophobia. All the patients included in our study presented normal erection at screening. The average penis diameter in a flaccid state and during erection was found to be 2.1cm (1.6-2.7 cm) and 2.9 cm (2.2-3.7 cm), respectively. Before surgery the patients were informed of the experimental nature of the surgical procedure. The increase in volume of the corpora cavernosa was achieved by applying saphena grafts to longitudinal openings made bilaterally in the albuginea along the whole length of the penis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major complications and specifically no losses of sensitivity of the penis or erection deficiencies occurred during the post-operative follow-up period. All the patients resumed their sexual activity in 4 months. A measurement of the penile dimensions was carried out 9 months after surgery. No clinical meaningful increases in the diameter of the flaccid penis were documented. The average penis diameter during erection was found to be 4.2 cm (3.4-4.9) with post-surgery increases in diameter varying from 1.1 to 2.1cm (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The penile enlargement phalloplasty technique with albuginea surgery suggested by the authors definitely is indicated for increasing the volume of the corpora cavernosa during erection. Albuginea surgery with saphena grafts has been found to be free from aesthetic and functional complications with excellent patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Milan, Ospedale S Giuseppe, Via S Vittore 12, 21123, Milan, Italy. edoardo.austoni@oh-fbf.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Austoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology