title: Peripheral blood abnormalities in Alzheimer disease: evidence for early endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: Clinical and epidemiologic studies demonstrate that vascular risk factors may be involved in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate whether vascular abnormalities are an early feature of AD, several parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed. Thirty patients with mild AD and 30 age-matched control subjects entered the study. All subjects performed a standardized clinical and laboratory protocol. Persons with vascular risk factors and systemic diseases were excluded. AD patients present significant increased levels of thrombomodulin (p < 0.0001) and sE-selectin (p < 0.03). In contrast, no difference was found between the two diagnostic groups in the levels of beta-thromboglobulin, prothrombin fragment 1+2, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. No other association but diagnosis was found with thrombomodulin and sE-selectin. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is an early event in AD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borroni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Bono
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Archetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colciaghi
authors.forename: N Maalikjy
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Akkawi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Luca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romanelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padovani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D019040:E-Selectin; D018180:Thrombomodulin