title: Involvement of Free Calcium in Action of Cryptogein, a Proteinaceous Elicitor of Hypersensitive Reaction in Tobacco Cells.
abstract: Treatment of suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var Xanthi) cells with cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor from Phytophthora cryptogea, induced a great stimulation of Ca2+ influx within the first minutes. Ca2+ influx is essential for the initiation of cryptogein-induced responses, since ethyleneglycol-bis([beta]-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N[prime]-tetraacetic acid or La3+, which block Ca2+ entrance, suppress cryptogein-induced responses such as extracellular alkalinization, active oxygen species, and phytoalexin production. Moreover, once initiated, these responses require sustained Ca2+ influx within the 1st h. A Ca2+ ionophore (A23187) was able to trigger an extracellular alkalinization but not the formation of active oxygen species and phytoalexins, even in the presence of cryptogein. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor that was recently reported to suppress cryptogein-induced responses (M.-P. Viard, F. Martin, A. Pugin, P. Ricci, J.-P. Blein [1994] Plant Physiol 104: 1245-1249), inhibited Ca2+ influx induced by cryptogein in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that protein phosphorylation followed by Ca2+ influx might be involved in the initial steps of cryptogein signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UA 692 INRA/Universite de Bourgogne, BV 1540, 21034 Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: E.
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tavernier
authors.forename: D.
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendehenne
authors.forename: J. P.
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Blein
authors.forename: A.
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugin