Immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients.
HIV-1-specific CD8 cytotoxic and CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, which are respectively the central effector and regulatory cells in viral infections, together with fully functional antigen-presenting cells, are essential at all stages of HIV-1 infection to control viral activity. Recent studies indicate that such protective HIV-1-specific immune responses can be preserved/induced in HIV-1-infected individuals, utilizing strategies such as treatment interruption after early HAART. Despite successful combination antiretroviral drug therapy, strong anti-HIV-1 T-cell responses are often not apparent in chronic HIV-1 infection, diminishing the probability of viral eradication. Thus, the therapeutic use of immunization and cytokines are required to induce and steer immunity towards a desirable outcome. Here, we review and discuss therapeutic immunization and immunotherapy with regard to their potential use in the treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection.
Imami
Nesrina
N
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. n.imami@ic.ac.uk
Hardy
Gareth
G
Pires
Antonio
A
Burton
Catherine
C
Pido-Lopez
Jeffrey
J
Mela
Christopher
C
Gotch
Frances
F
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007167:Immunotherapy
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006728:Hormones