title: Laparoscopic-assisted cystopexy in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a laparoscopic-assisted technique for cystopexy in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy male dogs, 7 healthy female dogs, and 3 client-owned dogs with retroflexion of the urinary bladder secondary to perineal herniation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anesthetized, and positive pressure ventilation was provided. In the healthy male dogs, the serosal surface of the bladder was sutured to the abdominal wall. In the healthy female dogs, the serosa and muscular layer of the bladder were incised and sutured to the aponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique muscles. Dogs were monitored daily for 30 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs recovered rapidly after surgery and voided normally. In the female dogs, results of urodynamic (leak point pressure and urethral pressure profilometry) and contrast radiographic studies performed 30 days after surgery were similar to results obtained before surgery. Cystopexy was successful in all 3 client-owned dogs, but 1 of these dogs was subsequently euthanatized because of leakage from a colopexy performed at the same time as the cystopexy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic-assisted cystopexy technique was quick, easy to perform, and not associated with urinary tract infection or abnormalities of urination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7390, USA.
authors.forename: Clarence A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rawlings
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Howerth
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.forename: Tim L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Foutz
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bement
authors.forename: Chanda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canalis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary