title: New acrylic bone cements conjugated to vitamin E: curing parameters, properties, and biocompatibility.
abstract: Acrylic bone cement formulations with antioxidant character were prepared by incorporation of a methacrylic monomer derived from vitamin E (MVE). Increasing concentrations of this monomer provided decreasing peak temperature values, ranging from 62 to 36 degrees C, and increasing setting time with values between 17 and 25 min. Mechanical properties were evaluated by compression and tension tests. Compressive strength of the new formulations were superior to 70 MPa in all cases. The cement containing 25 wt % MVE, however, showed a significant decrease in tensile properties. Biocompatibility of the new formulations was studied in vitro. The analysis of the effect of leachables from cements into the media showed continued cell proliferation and cell viability with a significant increase for the cement containing 15 wt % MVE. This formulation also showed a significant increase in cellular proliferation over a period of 7 days as indicated by the Alamar Blue test. The cells were able to differentiate and express phenotypical markers in presence of all materials. A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed on the cements prepared in presence of 15-25 wt % MVE compared with PMMA. Morphological assessment showed that the human osteoblast (HOB) cells were able to adhere, retain their morphology, and proliferate on all the cements.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalby
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Silvio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: San Román
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010078:Oxazines; D010641:Phenotype; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000975:Antioxidants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D010078:Oxazines; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014966:Xanthenes; D014810:Vitamin E; C005843:resazurin; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C022616:thiazolyl blue