title: Retinoids and steroids regulate menstrual phase histological features in human endometrial organotypic cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether organotypic cultures of human endometrium can be manipulated with hormones to exhibit histological features resembling different menstrual cycle phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human menstrual cells were collected and cultured in monolayer and organotypic cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteer in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  An individual premenopausal woman.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial cultures were grown in collagen gels for 4 weeks, and exposed to various steroid and retinoid treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological features and expression of cytokeratins, vimentin, and reticulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cultures developed multiple glands and surface epithelium that exhibited positive cytokeratin and negative vimentin staining. Single stromal cells inside the collagen exhibited negative cytokeratin and positive vimentin staining. Networks of reticulin fibers produced by the cells were increased by estrogen, decreased by progesterone, and unaffected by retinoids. Contraction of the collagen gels was inhibited by retinoids that activated retinoic acid receptors (RARs), but not by a retinoid specific for retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The combination and timing of retinoid and steroid hormone treatments were demonstrated to induce tissue architecture and histological features that resembled either proliferative or secretory phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth of menstrual cells in collagen can be manipulated with retinoids and steroids to resemble histological features of the proliferative and secretory phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamelle
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sienko
authors.forename: Doris M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Benbrook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012176:Retinoids; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol