title: Novel electrochemical immunosensors for seafood toxin analysis.
abstract: The current work describes the optimisation of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) system for measurement of a variety of seafood toxins, such as okadaic acid, brevetoxin, domoic acid and tetrodotoxin. A disposable screen-printed carbon electrode coupled with amperometric detection of p-aminophenol at +300 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, produced by the label, alkaline phosphatase, was used for signal measurement. ELISA was primarily used to develop all toxin systems, prior to transferring to SPE. The sensors incorporate a relevant range for toxin detection, by which humans become ill, with detection limits achieved at SPE to the order of ng ml (-1) (ppb) or lower in some cases. The SPE system is simple and cost-effective due to their disposable nature, and analysis time is complete in 30 min. In addition, analyses can be achieved outside of a laboratory environment allowing for in-field measurements. Recovery experiments on selected toxins using the relevant working ranges highlighted the functionality of these systems yielding a +/-10% deviation for the true value.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sensor Development, Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pravda
authors.forename: Ciara K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Guilbault
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D035964:Oxocins / Q000032:analysis; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000032:analysis; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D007608:Kainic Acid; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D035964:Oxocins; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C053342:brevetoxin; D000095702:Polyether Toxins; C012301:domoic acid