title: Relationships between surface-detected EMG signals and motor unit activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surface-detected electromyographic (S-EMG) signals are used in exercise science to assess the extent of muscle activation, muscle fatigue, and neural activity during muscle contraction. However, the relationship has not been studied between S-EMG signal amplitude and motor unit activation at different muscle force levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  S-EMG signals were measured from 76 healthy subjects during target force levels of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors over 20-30 s. Mean absolute S-EMG amplitude, surface-detected motor unit action potential amplitude (S-MUAP), motor unit mean firing rate (mFR), and motor unit mean voltage, which is the product of S-MUAP amplitude and mFR, were assessed in the vastus medialis by using EMG signal-decomposition and spike-triggered averaging techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor unit mean voltage increased to the same degree as mean absolute S-EMG amplitude with increasing force, implying that motor unit size and firing rate explain the increase in mean absolute S-EMG amplitude with increasing force generation. In addition, mean absolute S-EMG amplitude increased linearly during the course of each 20-30 s contraction, with the slope being greater at higher force levels. A small change was observed in the shape of needle-detected motor unit action potentials during the contraction, but this change was not sufficient to explain the large change in mean absolute S-EMG amplitude during the contraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean absolute S-EMG amplitude at different force levels and its changes during the course of a submaximal contraction are dependent on the number of motor units active, their size, and firing rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Shimotuga, Mibu, Tochigi 321-02, Japan. hiromasa@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Conwit
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stashuk
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santarsiero
authors.forename: E Jeffrey
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Metter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis