title: Complexity in late-life depression: impact of confounding factors on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
abstract: Late-life depression is a heterogeneous syndrome. Although depression in elderly patients is highly treatable, a number of factors or confounds create complexity in its overall management. Patient factors, such as medical illness, neuropsychiatric comorbidity, and race, may interact with provider factors to make management more complex. Outcomes and services research indicate that these factors, particularly medical illness, affect whether late-life depression is appropriately detected, diagnosed, and treated. Attention to such factors must be included in an agenda for mental health services research, with emphasis on the delivery of effective treatment to elderly patients with depression and improved outcomes in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kales
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valenstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome