title: Staging with helical computed tomography and laparoscopy in pancreatic head cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helical computed tomography provides valuable information about extent of pancreatic cancer. However, it remains difficult to detect small distant metastases. Laparoscopic examination is becoming standard for cancer staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 1999, 45 patients with radiologically resectable pancreatic head cancer were analyzed retrospectively to clarify the indications for and role of staging laparoscopy. Computed tomography was examined for tumor size and spread to portal or superior mesenteric veins (PV) and celiac or superior mesenteric arteries (A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 29 (64%) patients with resectable disease, 4 (9%) with localized unresectable, and 12 (27%) with metastatic (hepatic in 7 and peritoneal in 5). Patients with metastatic disease were more likely to present with abdominal pain, vomiting, and back pain than were patients with resectable disease (p < 0.05). The mean tumor size and involvement of PV or A were greater in metastatic patients than in resectable patients (p < 0.005 or p < 0.01). The survival rate for patients with metastatic disease was lower than that for patients with resectable disease (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to clinical features and computed tomography findings, laparoscopic exploration is recommended for cancer staging. Helical computed tomography and staging laparoscopy categorize patients into those with localized and those with metastatic disease which considerably correlated with survivals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nakatsu Municipal Hospital, 173 Shimoikenaga, Nakatsu, Oita 871-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishio
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome