title: Elemental sulphur and alkali elutable melanin detected in oral melanosis and malignant melanoma by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The morphology and contents of melanosomes are important features for differentiating melanocyte-derived melanotic lesions such as melanosis and malignant melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we attempted to elucidate the structure of melanin and sulphur content in oral melanosis and malignant melanomas by ultrastructural analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In oral melanosis, the essential pathological findings were overproduction of eumelanin and discharge of melanin into keratinocytes. In malignant melanoma in situ, pleomorphic and ellipsoid abnormal melanosomes with an increase in sulphur content and alkali elution rate were detected. In invasive malignant melanoma, the irregular ellipsoid and spheroid melanosomes existing either as discrete bodies or compound melanosomes with furtherly increased sulphur content and alkali elution were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that abnormal melanosome morphology and high sulphur content are predictive markers for assessment of early or precancerous melanotic lesions and malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. nori@med.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: You-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Tetsundo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujigiwa
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Chong Huat
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Siar
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008545:Melanoma / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008548:Melanosis / Q000473:pathology*; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018862:Merkel Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008543:Melanins; C041877:eumelanin; D013455:Sulfur