Stereotype performance boosts: the impact of self-relevance and the manner of stereotype activation.
The activation of positive stereotypes has been shown to produce academic performance boosts. Evidence regarding the role of self-relevance in producing such effects has been mixed. The authors propose that the subtlety of stereotype activation plays a key role in creating performance boosts among targets and nontargets of stereotypes. Study 1 found that subtle stereotype activation boosted performance in targets, but blatant activation did not. Study 2 was conducted on both targets and nontargets using different methods of stereotype activation. Again, targets showed performance boosts when stereotypes were subtly activated but not when they were blatantly activated. Nontargets, however, showed boosts in performance only when stereotypes were blatantly activated. The role of self-relevance in mediating sensitivity to stimuli is discussed.
Shih
Margaret
M
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. mjshih@umich.edu
Ambady
Nalini
N
Richeson
Jennifer A
JA
Fujita
Kentaro
K
Gray
Heather M
HM
D000124:Achievement; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008404:Massachusetts; D008433:Mathematics; D011582:Psychological Theory; D013240:Stereotyping