title: Hemostatic and inflammatory markers in obese youths: effects of exercise and adiposity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relation of hemostatic markers to cardiovascular fitness and adiposity and the effect of physical training (PT) on these markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four obese teenagers were randomly assigned to 8 months of lifestyle education (LSE), LSE plus moderate-intensity PT, or LSE plus high-intensity PT. Measures included fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fitness, percent body fat (%BF), and visceral adiposity (VAT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, fibrinogen and CRP were significantly correlated with %BF and VAT (0.27 </= r </= 0.51), and fitness (r = -0.39, r = -0.43, respectively); PAI-1 with %BF (r = 0.30) and VAT (r = 0.48); D-dimer with fitness (r = -0.24). Although PT produced significant changes in fitness and adiposity, there were no significant group differences in the hemostatic markers. Change in PAI-1 was significantly correlated with its baseline value (r = -0.47) and change in %BF (r = 0.38). Changes in D-dimer and CRP were significantly correlated with their respective baseline values (r = -0.68,r = -0.48, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unfavorable levels of fitness and adiposity were associated with higher levels of hemostatic markers, putting individuals with this profile at greater risk for future cardiovascular disease. No evidence was provided that 8 months of PT had a direct influence on these markers in obese youths.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: Kristy F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lemmon
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001824:Body Constitution; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein