title: Estradiol: a protective and trophic factor in the brain.
abstract: In recent years our appreciation that estradiol is truly a pleiotropic hormone has grown dramatically. We will review the findings that suggest that estrogens may exert important non-reproductive actions on the brain. These studies provide important insights into the clinical effects of estrogen replacement therapy on age- and disease-related processes in the brain. We will also discuss the multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie estradiol's neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dubal
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wise