title: Changes in phosphodiesterase activity in the developing rat submandibular gland.
abstract: Developmental changes (from 2 to 26 weeks) in phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the rat submandibular gland were investigated. Major activities for both cAMP- and cGMP-PDE were present in the 100000 x g supernatant fractions (70-90% of total activities), but not in the pellet fractions, during development. The effects of stimulators (Ca(2+)/calmodulin and cGMP) and inhibitors (cGMP, cilostamide, rolipram and zaprinast) were investigated in the supernatant fractions. During development, PDE4 (cAMP-specific PDE) was a major PDE, indicating that the majority of cAMP is hydrolysed by PDE4. In the young rat, PDE1 hydrolysed cGMP three-fold more than the control, and PDE2 (cGMP-stimulated PDE) was present, indicating that the concentration of intracellular cGMP may be enhanced, and cGMP may function in the growth pathway in the submandibular gland. Chromatograms eluted on a Mono Q HR5/5 ion-exchange column supported the results of the inhibition studies: PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5 were present in the young submandibular gland, and PDE1, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5 in the adult gland. Expression of PDE5 was detected by inhibition studies, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in the submandibular gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shohachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimooka
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; D015363:Quinolones; C021294:cilostamide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; C517278:Pde2a protein, rat; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat; C011145:zaprinast; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020889:Rolipram; D002118:Calcium