title: The "I," the "we," and the "when": a meta-analysis of motivational primacy in self-definition.
abstract: What is the primary motivational basis of self-definition? The authors meta-analytically assessed 3 hypotheses: (a) The individual self is motivationally primary, (b) the collective self is motivationally primary, and (c) neither self is inherently primary; instead, motivational primacy depends on which self becomes accessible through contextual features. Results identified the individual self as the primary motivational basis of self-definition. People react more strongly to threat and enhancement of the individual than the collective self. Additionally, people more readily deny threatening information and more readily accept enhancing information when it pertains to the individual rather than the collective self, regardless of contextual influences. The individual self is the psychological home base, a stable system that can react flexibly to contextual influences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-0900, USA. gaertner@utk.edu
authors.forename: Lowell
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaertner
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sedikides
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vevea
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iuzzini
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D012649:Self Concept; D019455:Self Psychology