title: Isolation of vaccine-derived type 1 polioviruses displaying similar properties to virulent wild strain Mahoney from sewage in Japan.
abstract: Type 1, 2, and 3 vaccine-derived polioviruses were isolated from a sewage disposal plant located downstream of the Oyabe River in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, between October 1993 and September 1995. Neurovirulence was analyzed in 13 type 1 vaccine-derived strains, using mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC). Nine strains (69%) were estimated to have marked neurovirulence. Some of the neutralizing antigenic sites, temperature sensitivity, and plaque-forming ability of two virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus strains were similar to Mahoney strain. The neutralizing activity of human sera obtained after oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) administration against one of the virulent vaccine-derived polioviruses was examined. Although all human sera showed sufficient neutralizing activity for the prevention of poliomyelitis by vaccine-derived poliovirus strains, a lower titer than that against Sabin type 1 strain was observed. Vaccination against virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus will be effective. However, the environmental presence of viruses that have properties similar to those Mahoney strain is a threat. The introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), and well-maintained herd immunity, together with reinforced environmental surveillance is important for the final phase of the polio eradication program by the World Health Organization (WHO).
authors.affiliation: Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009154:Mutation; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D013696:Temperature; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D012722:Sewage