title: [Effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine in postoperative analgesia for hysterectomy and adnexectomy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of low dose ketamine (0.15 mg/Kg i.v.) as a pre-emptive pain relief after general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine gynecological surgery patients were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind study. All received total intravenous anesthesia and were randomized to group A (n = 23) to receive preoperative ketamine, to group B (n = 23) to receive postoperative ketamine or to group C (n = 23) to receive placebo. A patient-controlled anesthesia device with morphine and ketorolac was used to provide postoperative pain relief. We evaluated the time taken to resume spontaneous breathing and to administer the first analgesic dose; the pain score on a visual analogue scale at rest at 1, 6, 24, 48 h and on the fifth day, and upon movement on the first and fifth days; and morphine consumption at 6, 24 and 48 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery of spontaneous breathing occurred later in group B (10 +/- 5 min) than in group A (6.68 +/- 3.64 min; p < 0.05) or in group C (8 +/- 4 min). The first analgesic dose was infused later in group B (45.24 +/- 16.16 min; p < 0.001) than in group A (26.45 +/- 11.65 min) or in group C (25.47 +/- 9.19 min). The pain scores at rest were similar. On the fifth day, pain upon movement was less intense for patients treated with ketamine (group A 12 [10-21] and group B 13.5 [2-22]) than in patients treated with placebo (group C 23 [15.5-36.75]) (p < 0.05 group C vs. group A; and p < 0.01 group C vs. group B). Morphine consumption at 6 h was less in group B than group C (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low dose of ketamine has no preemptive analgesic effect.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor, Hospital General de Elda, Elda, Alicante.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilabert Morell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez Pérez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D007649:Ketamine; D009020:Morphine; D020910:Ketorolac