Nonequilibrium effects of anisotropic compression applied to vortex lattices in bose-einstein condensates.
We have studied the dynamics of large vortex lattices in a dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensate. While undisturbed lattices have a regular hexagonal structure, large-amplitude quadrupolar shape oscillations of the condensate are shown to induce a wealth of nonequilibrium lattice dynamics. When exciting an m=-2 mode, we observe shifting of lattice planes, changes of lattice structure, and sheetlike structures in which individual vortices appear to have merged. Excitation of an m=+2 mode dissolves the regular lattice, leading to randomly arranged but still strictly parallel vortex lines.
Engels
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JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0440, USA.
Coddington
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Haljan
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Cornell
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