title: Evaluation of a commercially available molybdate formulation and zinc oxide boluses in preventing hepatic copper accumulation and thus enzootic icterus in sheep.
abstract: The efficacy of a molybdate formulation and a zinc oxide bolus as prophylactic agents for enzootic icterus was evaluated in sheep. Before copper loading, liver biopsies were performed on 12 male, 6-month-old, Mutton Merino sheep to determine hepatic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. The animals were restrictively randomised according to liver copper concentrations to 3 treatment groups (n = 4) to achieve similar mean liver copper concentrations per group. All sheep received 4 ml/kg of a 0.5 % aqueous solution of CuSO4 5H2O intraruminally 7 days per week for 10 weeks. On Day 0 the sheep in the Mo-group were injected subcutaneously with 42 mg molybdenum (Mo) contained in a commercial molybdate formulation. The animals in the Zn-group each received a zinc oxide bolus, containing 43 g zinc oxide, via a rumen cannula. Treatment was repeated on Day 42. Four animals served as untreated controls. Urinary copper excretion, plasma copper concentration, haematocrit and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity were determined throughout the trial. The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks and liver samples were submitted for histopathological examination. Liver and kidney copper and zinc concentrations were determined. Neither the molybdate treatment nor the zinc oxide boluses prevented hepatic copper accumulation. The urinary copper excretion, plasma copper concentration, haematocrit and GLDH activity were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Botha
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shakespeare
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000506:poisoning; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D007565:Jaundice / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C044659:molybdate; D003300:Copper; D008982:Molybdenum; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D015034:Zinc Oxide