title: Activation of prostaglandin E2-receptor EP2 and EP4 pathways induces growth inhibition in human gastric carcinoma cell lines.
abstract: The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells is still unclear. PGE2 receptors are divided into four subtypes - EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 - which are coupled to three different intracellular signal-transduction systems. Stimulation of EP2 and EP4 is linked with cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). In some human gastric cancer cells, PGE2 has been suggested to have an antiproliferative effect by way of increased cAMP production. Expression of EP2 and EP4 in human gastric carcinoma cells, however, has not been examined. We examined the expression of EP2 and EP4 and the antiproliferative effects of specific EP2 and EP4 agonists on four different human gastric cancer cell lines. Our data clarified that all the cell lines investigated in this study expressed EP2 and EP4 and that the specific agonists of these receptors induced growth inhibition with an accompanying increase in cAMP production. In summary, gastric cancer cells have EP2 and EP4 receptors, and their selective activation is linked with the decreased cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan. si360405@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M A K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazumori
authors.forename: C F Ortega
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cava
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; C545635:PTGER1 protein, human; C545644:PTGER2 protein, human; C545647:PTGER3 protein, human; C545650:PTGER4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin