title: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and biochemical typing of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to characterize subspecifically Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae strains isolated from cultured Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax by means of phenotypic and molecular typing techniques (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one strains of P. damselae subsp. damselae were isolated from 38 cultured fishes at different fish farms located on the Mediterranean coast near Valencia, Spain. Most fish studied were asymptomatic and some were recovered during infectious outbreaks. Phenotypic characterization revealed a considerable degree of variability within the subspecies, including some characters, such as production of urease, which are used to differentiate P. damselae subsp. damselae from P. damselae subsp. piscicida. Genetic characterization was conducted on a selection of 33 strains, including two reference strains. Dice coefficient (Sd) and the unweighted pair group method with average linkage (UPGMA) were used for numerical analysis of banding patterns. AFLP type was defined on the basis of 100% similarity in the dendrogram obtained, yielding 24 distinct AFLP profiles. At 70% similarity, 13 clusters were defined, thus confirming the great variability observed for the phenotypic traits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AFLP variability shown by the isolates was high enough to discriminate between different strains which colonize the same fish. However, closely related AFLP types were usually derived from strains isolated at the same fish farm, indicating an epidemiological relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has confirmed that the AFLP technique allows discrimination of individual strains within P. damselae subsp. damselae for epidemiological studies, and that this subspecies exhibits greater variability than that described for subspecies piscicida.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva and Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universitat de València, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pujalte
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Macián
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferrús
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial