title: Development of pressurized retinal resistance-sized arteriolar preparation with special reference to acetylcholine-induced nitric-oxide-mediated vasodilatation.
abstract: We examined the responses of pressurized bovine retinal functional arterioles (97-185 microm in diameter and approximately 3 mm long) to vasoactive substances and the mode of action of acetylcholine (ACh) on the pressurized arterioles. The retinal arterioles were cannulated at both ends with glass micropipettes and perfused at a constant pressure of 60 mmHg. Vasoconstrictions of the retinal arterioles were induced by prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PG F(2 alpha)), U46,619, noradrenaline (NA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in a dose-dependent manner. The decreasing order of potency (pD(2) value) in the constrictive responses was as follows: 5-HT = U46,619 > NA > PG F(2 alpha). On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), isocarbacyclin (a stable prostaglandin I(2) analog), ACh, and isoproterenol (ISP) caused dose-dependent vasodilatation in the pressurized retinal arterioles preconstricted with high-potassium solution (40 mM K+). The decreasing order of potency in the vasodilative responses was as follows: isocarbacyclin > SNP > ACh. The ACh-induced vasodilatation was suppressed significantly by pretreatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (3 x 10(-5) M). A treatment with L-arginine (10(-3) M) in the presence of 3 x 10(-5) M L-NAME reversed completely the L-NAME-induced reduction of the vasodilatation. These results suggest that ACh causes the production and release of endogenous nitric oxide or its related compounds, which results in vasodilatation of the pressurized bovine retinal functional arterioles.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikomi
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohhashi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011312:Pressure; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000109:Acetylcholine