title: In vivo measurement of human skin absorption of topically applied substances by a photoacoustic technique.
abstract: A photoacoustic technique is used for studying topically applied substance absorption in human skin. The proposed method utilizes a double-chamber PA cell. The absorption determination was obtained through the measurement of the thermal effusivity of the binary system substance-skin. The theoretical model assumes that the effective thermal effusivity of the binary system corresponds to that of a two-phase system. Experimental applications of the method employed different substances of topical application in different parts of the body of a volunteer. The method is demonstrated to be an easily used non-invasive technique for dermatology research. The relative concentrations as a function of time of substances such as ketoconazol and sunscreen were determined by fitting a sigmoidal function to the data, while an exponential function corresponds to the best fit for the set of data for nitrofurazona, vaseline and vaporub. The time constants associated with the rates of absorption, were found to vary in the range between 10 and 58 min, depending on the substance and the part of the body.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato, Gto, México.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Juárez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas-Luna
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Córdova
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bernal-Alvarado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosa
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009583:Nitrofurazone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010577:Petrolatum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010783:Photometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004643:Emollients; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; C009952:camphor, cedar leaf oil, eucalyptus oil, menthol, myristica oil, terebinth oil, thymol drug combination; D010577:Petrolatum; D009583:Nitrofurazone