title: Bradykinins and their precursor cDNAs from the skin of the fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis).
abstract: Bradykinin and (Thr(6))-bradykinin have been identified in the defensive skin secretion of the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. The homologous cDNAs for both peptides were cloned from a skin library using a 3'- and 5'-RACE strategy. Kininogen-1 (BOK-1) contained an open-reading frame of 167 amino acid residues encoding four repeats of bradykinin, and kininogen-2 (BOK-2) contained an open-reading frame of 161 amino acid residues encoding two repeats of (Thr(6))-bradykinin. Alignment of both precursor nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed a high degree of structural similarity. These amphibian skin kininogens/preprobradykinins are not biologically analogous to mammalian kininogens.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Tianbao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bjourson
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClean
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.forename: Pingfan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007704:Kininogens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007704:Kininogens; D001920:Bradykinin