title: Toxin types of Clostridium perfringens isolated from free-ranging, semi-domesticated reindeer in Norway.
abstract: Samples of faeces were taken from 166 healthy domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from three flocks in different reindeer husbandry districts in northern Norway and examined bacteriologically for the presence of Clostridium perfringens. The organism was isolated from 98 (59 per cent) of the reindeer. The isolates were classified into C perfringens toxin types by PCR analysis specific for the genes encoding the four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and tau) and were subclassified by the detection of the genes encoding C perfringens beta2-toxin and enterotoxin. All the isolates belonged to C perfringens toxin type A. In addition, 15 of the 98 isolates were PCR-positive for the beta2-toxin gene, and two of the isolates had the the gene encoding for enterotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Tromsø.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aschfalk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentin-Weigand
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goethe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009664:Norway; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012053:Reindeer / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C109896:cpb2 protein, Clostridium perfringens