title: Oral health status of peri-urban schoolchildren in Accra, Ghana.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To update and add to the sparse information available on the dental disease experience of Ghanaian children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey where all 4-16-year-old schoolchildren in a peri-urban community of Accra, Ghana, were examined. Three primary schools had been selected by the school authorities for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plaque scores ranged from 78.9% in the 4-5-year-olds to a high of 97% in the 6-year-olds with the older age groups occupying intermediate levels. The proportion with calculus ranged from a low of 40% in the 4-5-year-olds to a high of 67% in the 13-16-year-olds. Gingival disease increased with age from slight to low in the lower age groups and increasing significantly from 12 years to 16 years. Caries experience was low to very low from a high of a DMFT score of 1.11 (SE 0.07 ) in the 7-9-year-olds to a low of 0.30 (SE 0.06 ) in the 13-16-year-olds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sustained community preventive dental activity needs to be instituted in both rural and urban regions to prevent and control both caries and periodontal diseases and to prevent future increases in the caries rates as has been experienced in some developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry, University of Ghana Dental School, Accra. dental@ghana.com
authors.forename: Ishmael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Maxwell E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ndanu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*