title: Protective antiviral immune responses to pseudorabies virus induced by DNA vaccination using dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide as an adjuvant.
abstract: To enhance the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus (PRV), we evaluated the adjuvant properties of plasmids coding for gamma interferon or interleukin-12, of CpG immunostimulatory motifs, and of the conventional adjuvants dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide in water (DDA) and sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in squalene in water. We demonstrate that a DNA vaccine combined with DDA, but not with the other adjuvants, induced significantly stronger immune responses than plasmid vaccination alone. Moreover, pigs vaccinated in the presence of DDA were protected against clinical disease and shed significantly less PRV after challenge infection. This is the first study to demonstrate that DDA, a conventional adjuvant, enhances DNA vaccine-induced antiviral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute for Animal Disease Control, CIDC-Lelystad, PO Box 2004, Houtribweg 39, NL 8203 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands. e.m.a.vanrooij@id.wag-ur.nl
authors.forename: Eugene M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van Rooij
authors.forename: Harrie L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Glansbeek
authors.forename: Luuk A T
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hilgers
authors.forename: Eddie G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: te Lintelo
authors.forename: Yolanda E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: de Visser
authors.forename: Wim J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Bart L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Haagmans
authors.forename: Andre T J
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000517:prevention & control; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013552:Swine; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C107752:glycoprotein D, pseudorabies virus; C070915:glycoprotein gII, pseudorabies virus; C118681:sulfolipo-cyclodextrin; D018664:Interleukin-12; C015831:dimethyldioctadecylammonium; D007371:Interferon-gamma