title: The molecular site of action of K(ATP) channel inhibitors determines their ability to inhibit iNOS-mediated relaxation in rat aorta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are important modulators of vascular tone. Abnormal activation of these channels via over production of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in endotoxin-induced hypotension. However, based on studies with the sulphonylurea K(ATP) channel inhibitor, glibenclamide, there is little evidence to support their role in mediating vasorelaxation to endotoxin in isolated blood vessels. In the present study, we investigated whether NO derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) modulates K(ATP) channel function in rat aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using standard organ bath techniques, the effects of structurally unrelated K(ATP) channel inhibitors on the vasorelaxant responses to L-arginine (iNOS substrate), NO, levcromakalim (K(ATP) channel opener) and forskolin were investigated in endothelium-denuded aortic rings exposed to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) for 4 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relaxation evoked by L-arginine was unaffected by glibenclamide and the pinacidil-derived inhibitor, PNU-99963, but was significantly attenuated by the iNOS inhibitor, 1400W, as well as by PNU-37883A, Ba2+, 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium, all known inhibitors of the K(ATP) channel pore. In addition, endotoxin potentiated responses to levcromakalim and markedly reduced the efficacy of glibenclamide, and to a much lesser extent, PNU-37883A. Forskolin responses were unaffected by glibenclamide or PNU-37883A under control conditions, but were significantly potentiated following endotoxin treatment, an effect reversed by PNU-37883A, but not glibenclamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K(ATP) channels contribute to iNOS-mediated relaxation. However, the ability of sulphonylurea receptor-binding agents, but not those binding directly to the pore, to inhibit K(ATP) channels, is greatly diminished in the presence of endotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London, UK. andrew.wilson@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Lucie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Clapp
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D006146:Guanidines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; C109642:PNU 99963; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D001464:Barium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001120:Arginine; D014044:Tolbutamide; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D005905:Glyburide