title: Funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality: are they related? Results of a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been increasing concern regarding the potential effects of the commercialization of research.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to examine the relationships between funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality, recent issues of five peer-reviewed, high impact factor, general medical journals were hand-searched to identify a sample of 100 randomized controlled trials (20 trials/journal). Relevant data, including funding source (industry/not-for-profit/mixed/not reported) and statistical significance of primary outcome (favouring new treatment/favouring conventional treatment/neutral/unclear), were abstracted. Quality scores were assigned using the Jadad scale and the adequacy of allocation concealment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six percent of trials received some industry funding. Trial outcome was not associated with funding source (p=.461). There was a preponderance of favourable statistical conclusions among published trials with 67% reporting results that favored a new treatment whereas 6% favoured the conventional treatment. Quality scores were not associated with funding source or trial outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is not known whether the absence of significant associations between funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality reflects a true absence of an association or is an artefact of inadequate statistical power, reliance on voluntary disclosure of funding information, a focus on trials recently published in the top medical journals, or some combination thereof. Continued and expanded monitoring of potential conflicts is recommended, particularly in light of new guidelines for disclosure that have been endorsed by the ICMJE.
authors.affiliation: Chalmers Research Group, Ottawa, Canada. tclifford@cheo.on.ca
authors.forename: Tammy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Barrowman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moher
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D030881:Disclosure; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017594:Publication Bias; D011786:Quality Control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome