title: Adult-onset tic disorders.
abstract: We report on 8 patients with adult-onset motor tics and vocalisations. Three had compulsive tendencies in childhood and 3 had a family history of tics or obsessive-compulsive behaviour. In comparison with DSM-classified, younger-onset Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, adult-onset tic disorders are more often associated with severe symptoms, greater social morbidity, a potential trigger event, increased sensitivity, and poorer response to neuroleptic medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College, London Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Valsamma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: J P W F
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lakke
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis