title: The Diabcare-Asia 1998 study--outcomes on control and complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the glycaemic and metabolic control and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 Asian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of diabetes patients from 230 diabetes centres in 12 Asian regions were collected on a retrospective-prospective basis through review of medical records, interview and laboratory assessments. Analysis of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was carried out in central laboratories appointed by Bio-Rad. The data collection case record forms were scanned electronically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  22177 patients with valid data made up the analysis population. Among patents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was a higher proportion of women than men (53% vs. 47% for type 1 patients and 56% vs. 44% for type 2 diabetes). Hypertension (61%) and overweight (40% with BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 were common in type 2 patients. Dyslipidaemia was also present in at least half of both types of patients. Control of glycaemia (mean HbA,1c and fasting blood glucose [FBG]) was poor in type 1 (9.9 +/- 2.5%; 10.2 +/- 5.2 mmol/l) and type 2 patients (8.5 +/- 2.0%; 8.9 +/- 3.4 mmol/l). Glycaemia in the majority of both types of patients fell short of those stipulated by various guidelines. In type 2 patients, glycaemia deteriorated (HbA1c > 7.5%, FBG > or = 7.0 mmol/l) with duration of diabetes > 7 years. Both types of diabetes appear to share a similar high prevalence of complications of cataract, retinopathy and neuropathy, although the prevalence of cataract (27%) and neuropathy (35%) was higher in type 2 diabetes. Screening for microalbuminuria was not common.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Inadequate metabolic and hypertension control, especially in type 2 patients, needs to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand. siwnt@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nitiyanant
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tandhanand
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahtab
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Raheja
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sathe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soegondo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soewondo
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Embong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lantion-Ang
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lim-Abraham
authors.forename: W W R
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wijesuriya
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cockram
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003710:Demography; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids