title: Expression of recombinant adeno-associated virus in the brain of rats with a focal embolic stroke via carotid artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)  mediated foreign gene, LacZ, could pass the blood  brain barrier by intra-carotid artery delivery and express in vivo in ischemic brain of the focal embolic stroke rats to investigate a possibility of delivering foreign gene through carotid artery to treat acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The carotid artery territory in 41 rats was embolized with or without arterial-like fibrin rich clots to make a model of focal embolic stroke rat. rAAV containing LacZ gene (rAAV-LacZ) was constructed in 293 cells by calcium phosphate cotransfection. The rats were assigned to one of the following treatments: 1 control (without embolism) groups, including PBS treated (n = 6), pLacZ treated (n = 6 ) and rAAV-LacZ treated (n = 6): 2 embolic groups, including embolism + PBS (n =7),embolism + pLacZ (n = 8) and embolism + rAAV-LacZ (n = 8). Brains were cryosectioned and kappa-Gal stain was performed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, after transfection, and then infarct volume was measured and the percentage of LacZ staining-positive cells was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the control groups and embolism + PBS treated animal, no kappa-Gal staining-positive cells were found, but in embolism + pLacZ (n = 8) and embolism+rAAV-LacZ groups a lot of kappa-Gal staining-positive cells were found. The expression cells were in the tissues around the infarction. The gene expression persisted only nearly four weeks in embolic group with pLacZ. In the embolic group with rAAV-LacZ the expression was very stable during the experiment course (eight weeks) and the percentage of the expressed cells was significantly higher than that of its contralateral areas at the same time points, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasmid vector and rAAV could enter the brain through the ischemia-damaged blood barrier and foreign gene can be expressed in brain. The positive gene expression is mainly in the peripheral areas of the infarction. rAAV as a permanent expression vector may ultimately be used for gene therapy of human ischemia cerebravascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. hzchao@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zongchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Suming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuzhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Daowen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy*