title: Proteasome inhibitors reconstitute the presentation of cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors.
abstract: EBV-infected cells and EBV-associated tumors may evade CTL recognition by defective antigen processing, resulting in poor presentation of CTL epitopes. Since the proteasome is the major source of MHC class I-presented peptides, we analyzed the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the expression of surface HLA class I and the generation of EBV-derived CTL epitopes presented by the HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 alleles. Treatment with covalent and reversible inhibitors of the proteasome partially reduced the total and allele-specific expression of surface HLA class I in EBV-carrying LCLs. HLA-A2 expression was also decreased by treatment with leupeptin and bestatin, while HLA-A11 expression was affected by treatment with phenanthroline. Despite their general inhibitory effect on HLA class I expression, all proteasome inhibitors tested enhanced the presentation of 2 subdominant HLA-A2 epitopes from EBV LMP1 and LMP2, while the presentation of the immunodominant HLA-A11-restricted epitope from EBNA4 was inhibited by MG132 and lactacystin and increased by ZL(3)VS. Treatment with ZL(3)VS restored the presentation of endogenously expressed EBNA4 in 1 HLA-A11-positive BL cell line. These findings suggest that specific inhibitors of the proteasome may be used to increase the antigenicity of virus-infected and malignant cells that are per se inefficient at generating particular CTL target epitopes.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gavioli
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vertuani
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Masucci
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D059870:HLA-A11 Antigen; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D059870:HLA-A11 Antigen; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex