title: Protective effects of cold temperature and surface-contact on acid tolerance of Salmonella spp.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of cold-storage temperature and surface contact on the survival of Salmonella spp. during acid challenge. To determine the contribution of sigma transcriptional factor (encoded by rpoS) in surface contact-mediated acid tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salmonella serovar Typhimurium cells in exponential and stationary growth phase were subjected to acid challenge in planktonic and surface-associated states. Low temperatures offered protection against acid challenge to cells which were in stationary growth phase (but not to those in exponential growth phase). The cells from stationary, as well as logarithmic growth phase, acquired increased acid tolerance upon surface contact with various surfaces, such as fresh-cut apples, agar and polyethersulphone membranes. The alternative sigma transcription factor was not required to acquire surface contact-mediated acid tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salmonella spp. take advantage of low temperature and surface association to overcome acid challenge. Some of the acid tolerance mechanisms are independent of the sigma transcription factor regulon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective control measures during produce processing must take into account the different susceptibilities of planktonic vs surface-associated food-borne pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville 20705-2350, USA.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhagwat
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001628:Beverages / Q000382:microbiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003470:Culture Media; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology*; D008851:Micropore Filters; D010933:Plankton; D011108:Polymers; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013450:Sulfones; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D011108:Polymers; D012808:Sigma Factor; D013450:Sulfones; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria; C022840:polyether sulfone; D000362:Agar