title: How International Monetary Fund and World Bank policies undermine labor power and rights.
abstract: Based on reviews of hundreds of loan and project documents from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, this article provides detailed evidentiary support for critics who have long claimed that the international financial institutions require Third World countries to adopt policies that harm the interests of working people. After reviewing loan documents between the IMF and World Bank and 26 countries, the authors show that the institutions' loan conditionalities include a variety of provisions that undermine labor rights, labor power, and tens of millions of workers' standard of living. These include downsizing of the civil service and privatization of government-owned enterprises; promotion of labor flexibility: the notion that firms should be able to hire and fire workers, or change terms and conditions of work, with minimal regulatory restrictions; mandated wage rate reductions, minimum-wage reductions or containment, and spreading the wage gap between government employees and managers; and pension reforms, including privatization, that cut social security benefits. These labor-related policies take place in the context of broader IMF and World Bank structural adjustment packages that emphasize trade liberalization, with macroeconomic policies that further advance corporate interests at the expense of labor.
authors.affiliation: Multinational Monitor, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D002961:Civil Rights / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D003098:Collective Bargaining / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D004465:Economic Competition; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005381:Financing, Organized / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D016134:Organizational Policy; D020415:Personnel Downsizing / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011332:Privatization / Q000191:economics; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D014480:United Nations / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*