title: Up-regulation of heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and amphiregulin expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Host response plays a major role in pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastroduodenal disease including adenocarcinoma of distal stomach. Epidermal growth factor-related growth factors are important modulators of gastric homeostasis in normal and damaged gastrointestinal mucosa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate expression of heparin binding epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin in antral mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected and non-infected dyspeptic patients and to correlate levels of heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin mRNA with mitogenic activity of gastric epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 Helicobacter pylori-infected and 15 Helicobacter pylori non-infected (10 with and 5 without gastritis) dyspeptic patients were studied. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was based on rapid urease test and histology. Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin mRNA expression in antral mucosa were assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression and localization of both peptides were determined by immunohistochemistry. Mitogenic activity of antral gastric mucosa was assessed by determination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin mRNA expression increased in Helicobacter pylori-infected vs Helicobacter pylori non-infected patients. Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin immunostaining was more intense and deeper in gastric gland compartment in infected mucosa than in non-infected mucosa. Increase in heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin mRNA expression significantly correlated with increase in proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helicobacter pylori gastritis is associated with up-regulation of heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin which correlates with increased mitogenic activity of gastric mucosa. Increased heparin binding-epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin expression is postulated to contribute to reparative response of gastric mucosa to Helicobacter pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuccillo
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Manzo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nardone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Argenio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Popolo
authors.forename: Valle N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Della
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staibano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Blanco C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zarrilli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D066258:Amphiregulin; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; C587883:HBEGF protein, human; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface