Gallium nitrate: effects on cartilage during limb regeneration in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.
Gallium nitrate, a drug shown to have efficacy in Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and a variety of experimental autoimmune diseases, also inhibits the growth of some types of cancer. We examined dose and timing of administration of gallium nitrate on limb regeneration in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. Administered by intraperitoneal injection, gallium nitrate inhibited limb regeneration in a dose-dependent manner. Gallium nitrate initially suppressed epithelial wound healing and subsequently distorted both anterior-posterior and proximo-distal chondrogenic patterns. Gallium nitrate given at three days after amputation severely inhibited regeneration at high doses (6.25 mg/axolotl) and altered the normal patterning of the regenerates at low doses (3.75 mg/axolotl). Administration of 6.25 mg of gallium nitrate at four or 14 days prior to amputation also inhibited regeneration. In amputated limbs of gallium-treated axolotls, the chondrocytes were lost from inside the radius/ulna. Limbs that regenerated after gallium treatment was terminated showed blastema formation preferentially over the ulna. New cartilage of the regenerate often attached to the sides of the existing radius/ulna proximally into the stump and less so to the distal cut ends. J. Exp. Zool. 293:384-394, 2002.
Tassava
Roy A
RA
Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
Mendenhall
Luciara
L
Apseloff
Glen
G
Gerber
Nicholas
N
D000558:Ambystoma mexicanum; D000672:Amputation Stumps; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage; D005552:Forelimb; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D012038:Regeneration