title: Endogenous reactive oxygen species is an important mediator of miconazole antifungal effect.
abstract: We investigated the significance of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by fungi treated with miconazole. ROS production in Candida albicans was measured by a real-time fluorogenic assay. The level of ROS production was increased by miconazole at the MIC (0.125 micro g/ml) and was enhanced further in a dose-dependent manner, with a fourfold increase detected when miconazole was used at 12.5 micro g/ml. This increase in the level of ROS production was completely inhibited by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an antioxidant, at 10 micro M. In a colony formation assay, the decrease in cell viability associated with miconazole treatment was significantly prevented by addition of PDTC. Moreover, the level of ROS production by 10 clinical isolates of Candida species was inversely correlated with the miconazole MIC (r = -0.8818; P < 0.01). These results indicate that ROS production is important to the antifungal activity of miconazole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Division of Laboratory Diagnosis, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otokozawa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Atsuhito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagihashi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008825:Miconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; D008825:Miconazole; D011392:Proline