title: Coronary artery bypass surgery by the transdiaphragmatic approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transdiaphragmatic approach is useful for reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting involving the right coronary artery because it does not require median sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery by the transdiaphragmatic approach. The ratio of first operations to reoperations was 7:14. The cause of reoperation was occlusion of a saphenous vein graft in 4 patients, right gastroepiploic artery graft failure in 3 patients, and a new sclerotic lesion in the right coronary artery in 7 patients. When the radial artery or saphenous vein was used, grafting extended from the origin of the gastroduodenal artery to the right coronary artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients died during surgery. The sites of anastomoses were as follows: right coronary artery in 11 patients, right posterior descending artery in 9 patients, and the atrioventricular node artery in 1 patient. The following types of grafts were used: right gastroepiploic artery in 17 patients, saphenous vein in 2 patients, and radial artery in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When reoperative coronary surgery involving the right coronary artery is necessary, the transdiaphragmatic technique is effective because it does not damage patent grafts placed during the primary operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aomori Rousai Hospital, Hachinohe, Japan. takaken@aomorih.rofuku.go.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minakawa
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation