title: Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology and analysis of risk factors for infections caused by resistant strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the epidemiology of hospital and community-acquired infections caused by  Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and risk factors for infections caused by resistant strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational study was performed to analyze the relationship between antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A K. pneumoniae infection was diagnosed in 0.47% of patients (169 of 36 179) admitted to the hospital between 1 March 1999 and 31 August 2000. Of the 169 isolates, 166 (98.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 91.1% (154/169) to two or more antibiotics. 98% were resistant to ampicillin, 77% to piperacillin, 64% to cephalothin, 60% to ampicillin/sulbactam, 59% to cefoperazone, 57% to cefazolin, 55% to cefuroxime, 51% to TMP-SMZ, 51% to tobramycin, 50% to gentamicin, 49% to aztreonam, cefetaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, 47% to ceftazidime, 47% to cefepime, 46% to ciprofloxacin, 46% to ticarcillin/clavulanate, 44% to amikacin, 38% to cefoxitin, 22% to piperacillin/tazobactam, while all strains were tested susceptible to imipenem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior receipt of amtimicrobial therapy was significantly associated with infection caused by a resistant organism and most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China. lijiabin948@sohu.com
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors