title: Predictors of PTSD in mothers of children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: the role of cognitive and social processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of cognitive and social processing in posttraumatic stress symptoms and disorder (PTSD) among mothers of children undergoing bone marrow and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (BMT/SCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires assessing emotional distress, BMT-related fears, and negative responses of family and friends were completed by 90 mothers at the time of the BMT infusion and 3 and 6 months post-BMT. PTSD symptoms were measured 6 months post-BMT by both paper-and-pencil and structured interview methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emotional distress, BMT-related fears, and negative responses of family and friends assessed at the time of BMT hospitalization were predictive of later PTSD symptoms. None of these variables prospectively predicted a PTSD diagnosis as measured by the structured interview.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of general psychological distress, cognitive interpretations of the threat of the BMT for the child's future functioning, and negative responses of family and friends may place mothers at risk for post-BMT posttraumatic stress symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA. SL_Manne@fcc.edu
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: DuHamel
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nereo
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mee
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sexson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Difede
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Redd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires