title: Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst prevents apoptotic cell death in a human astrocytoma cell line incubated with supernatants of HIV-infected macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has shown to contribute in the mechanisms underlying apoptotic cell death occurring in AIDS-dementia complex. Here we investigated the role of peroxynitrite in apoptosis occurring in astroglial cells incubated with supernatants of HIV-infected human primary macrophages (M/M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric analysis (FACS) of human cultured astrocytes shortly incubated with HIV-1-infected M/M supernatants showed apoptotic cell death, an effect accompanied by pronounced staining for nitrotyrosine (footprint of peroxynitrite) and by abnormal formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Pretreatment of astrocytes with the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTMPS antagonized HIV-related astrocytic apoptosis, MDA formation and nitrotyrosine staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our results suggest that inhibition of peroxynitrite leads to protection against peroxidative stress accompanying HIV-related apoptosis of astrocytes. Overall results support the role of peroxynitrite in HIV-related programmed death of astrocytes and suggest the use of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst to counteract HIV-1-related neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy. muscoli@uniroma3.it
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muscoli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvemini
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paolino
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cufari
authors.forename: Domenicantonio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotiroti
authors.forename: Carlo Federico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aquaro
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mollace
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002384:Catalysis; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000633:toxicity*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C112917:5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethyl-3,3-disulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron(III); D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde