title: Direct measurement of intracranial pressure in adult horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a method for surgical placement of a commercial microsensor intracranial pressure (ICP) transducer and to characterize normal ICP and cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP) in conscious adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy castrated male adult horses (1 Holsteiner, 1 Quarter Horse, and 4 Thoroughbreds).
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced and maintained by use of isoflurane as the sole agent. Catheters were inserted percutaneously into the jugular vein and carotid artery. A microsensor ICP transducer was inserted in the subarachnoid space by means of right parietal craniotomy. The burr hole was then sealed with bone wax, the surgical incision was sutured, and the transducer was secured in place. Measurements were collected 1 hour after horses were able to stand during recovery from anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean +/- SD values for ICP and CPP were 2 +/- 4 and 102 +/- 26 mm Hg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes a relatively facile technique for obtaining direct and accurate ICP measurements for adult horses. The ICP values obtained in this study are within reference ranges established for other species and provide a point of reference for the diagnosis of abnormal ICP in adult horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brosnan
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: LeCouteur
authors.forename: Eugene P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Steffey
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Gregg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kortz
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011187:Posture