Estradiol: a protective and trophic factor in the brain.
In recent years our appreciation that estradiol is truly a pleiotropic hormone has grown dramatically. We will review the findings that suggest that estrogens may exert important non-reproductive actions on the brain. These studies provide important insights into the clinical effects of estrogen replacement therapy on age- and disease-related processes in the brain. We will also discuss the multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie estradiol's neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects.
Dubal
D B
DB
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
Wilson
M E
ME
Wise
P M
PM