title: Sequential localization of two herpes simplex virus tegument proteins to punctate nuclear dots adjacent to ICP0 domains.
abstract: The subcellular localization of herpes simplex virus tegument proteins during infection is varied and complex. By using viruses expressing tegument proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins, we previously demonstrated that the major tegument protein VP22 exhibits a cytoplasmic localization, whereas the major tegument protein VP13/14 localizes to nuclear replication compartments and punctate domains. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a second minor population of VP22 in nuclear dots similar in appearance to those formed by VP13/14. We have constructed the first-described doubly fluorescence-tagged virus expressing VP22 and VP13/14 as fusion proteins with cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein, respectively. Visualization of both proteins within the same live infected cells has indicated that these two tegument proteins localize to the same nuclear dots but that VP22 appears there earlier than VP13/14. Further studies have shown that these tegument-specific dots are detectable as phase-dense bodies as early as 2 h after infection and that they are different from the previously described nuclear domains that contain capsid proteins. They are also different from the ICP0 domains formed at cellular nuclear domain 10 sites early in infection but, in almost all cases, are located in juxtaposition to these ICP0 domains. Hence, these tegument proteins join a growing number of proteins that are targeted to discrete nuclear domains in the herpesvirus-infected cell nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Virus Assembly Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0TL, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whiteley
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014709:Vero Cells; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C085822:VP13-14 protein, herpes simplex virus type 1; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; C077409:capsid protein VP26, herpes simplex virus type 1; C073413:herpes simplex virus type 1 protein VP22; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1