title: Rabies intradermal post-exposure vaccination of humans using reconstituted and stored vaccine.
abstract: Thailand's northern Petchabun province is endemic for canine rabies. There were 27 reported human rabies deaths between 1989 and 1998. A rabies control plan was formulated in 1997 between medical and veterinary public health officials. It started an intense education program and an ongoing dog vaccination campaign. Economic constraints and the high cost of biological were the main reasons for inadequate human post-exposure management (PET). It was therefore decided to use the economical Thai Red Cross Intradermal Vaccine Regimen (TRC-ID) throughout the province. The original TRC-ID method is only suitable for clinics that see more than one PET patient daily. TRC-ID was therefore modified by storing the reconstituted vaccine in a refrigerator for the same patient's next two visits. Data on a total of 8157 PET patients were collected. An additional modification of TRC-ID also eliminated the 90 day booster. There were no treatment failures and no human rabies deaths in 1999, 2000 and 2001. The modified TRC-ID method induces adequate levels of neutralizing antibodies, protects humans bitten by rabid dogs and results in significant savings in vaccine and travel costs.
authors.affiliation: Provincial Health Department, Petchabun Province, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute of the Thai Red Cross Society, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thavachai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamoltham
authors.forename: Pakamatz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khawplod
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wilde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001733:Bites and Stings; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D004356:Drug Storage; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D011818:Rabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000276:immunology; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011819:Rabies Vaccines