title: Chlororespiration.
abstract: Chlororespiration has been defined as a respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) in interaction with the photosynthetic ETC in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. The existence of chlororespiration has been disputed during the last decade, with the initial evidence mainly obtained with intact algal cells being possibly explained by redox interactions between chloroplasts and mitochondria. The discovery in higher-plant chloroplasts of a plastid-encoded NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the bacterial complex I, and of a nuclear-encoded plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), homologous to the plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase, brought molecular support to the concept of chlororespiration. The functionality of these proteins in non-photochemical reduction and oxidation of plastoquinones (PQs), respectively, has recently been demonstrated. In thylakoids of mature chloroplasts, chlororespiration appears to be a relatively minor pathway compared to linear photosynthetic electron flow from H2O to NADP+. However, chlororespiration might play a role in the regulation of photosynthesis by modulating the activity of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (PS I). In non-photosynthetic plastids, chlororespiratory electron carriers are more abundant and may play a significant bioenergetic role.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie de la Photosynthèse, Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, Université Mediterranée, CEA 1000, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France. gilles.peltier@cea.fr
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peltier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cournac
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology*; D004579:Electron Transport; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis