title: Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases in a model of T cell mediated tissue injury in the gut: analysis by gene array and in situ hybridisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in tissue remodelling and ulceration in inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease. Studies to date have concluded that stromelysin 1 is functionally involved in mucosal degradation. However, there are many other MMPs whose function in the gut is currently unknown. This work had two aims: firstly, to use gene array technology to measure changes in MMP and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression in a model of T cell mediated injury in the gut, and secondly, to correlate data from gene arrays with that generated by in situ hybridisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  T cells in explants of human fetal gut were activated with pokeweed mitogen or anti-CD3 plus interleukin 12. Gene array analysis and in situ hybridisation were performed to investigate changes in MMP gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both gene array analysis and in situ hybridisation indicated marked upregulation of stromelysin 2 and macrophage metalloelastase expression in the explants associated with mucosal destruction. The arrays also confirmed our previous observation that interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), stromelysin 1 (MMP-3), and gelatinase B (MMP-9) are upregulated but there was no change in MMP-2, -7, -8, -9, -11, -13, -14-17, or -19. Following T cell activation, transcripts for TIMPs were reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that there is differential upregulation of MMPs during T cell responses in the gut and suggest that further studies on the role of stromelysin 2 and macrophage metalloelastase may show that they have a functional role. In addition, the increase in MMPs and reduction in TIMPs suggest that the protease/antiprotease balance in the mucosa may determine the extent of mucosal degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Salmela
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhuma
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saarialho-Kere
authors.forename: S L F
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pender
mesh_terms: D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000201:enzymology*; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000276:immunology; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D012313:RNA; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12