title: Potentiation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells into monocytes by costunolide, a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone.
abstract: Costunolide, a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone that exists in several medicinal plants, is known to be a possible anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent for tumorigenesis. In this report, we investigated the effect of costunolide on cellular differentiation in the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell culture system. Costunolide markedly increased the degree of HL-60 leukemia cell differentiation when simultaneously combined with 5nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)). Costunolide by itself had very weak effects on the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Cytofluorometric analysis and cell morphologic studies indicated that costunolide potentiated 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-induced cell differentiation predominantly into monocytes. Inhibitors for PKC, PI3-K, and ERK markedly inhibited HL-60 cell differentiation induced by costunolide in combination with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). In addition, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with costunolide before the 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) addition also potentiated cell differentiation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the enhanced levels of cell differentiation closely correlated with the inhibitory levels of NF-kappaB-binding activity by costunolide. These results indicate that PKC, PI3-K, ERK and NF-kappaB may be involved in 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated cell differentiation enhanced by costunolide.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyeoung J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D007783:Lactones
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002117:Calcitriol; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C002602:costunolide; D007783:Lactones