title: Induction of fetal hemoglobin synthesis by valproate: modulation of MAP kinase pathways.
abstract: Valproate has been found to stimulate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in patients with sickle cell disease. In accordance with these clinical observations, we found a moderate induction of HbF synthesis in K562 erythroid cells in vitro. Investigation of the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by Western blot analysis and use of specific kinase inhibitors suggests that inhibition of ERK pathway and activation of the p38 pathway may contribute to the HbF-inducing activity of valproate.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Hematological and Cancer Research, Children's Hospital, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. owitt@gwdg.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mönkemeyer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanbach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pekrun
mesh_terms: D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020014:K562 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; C113580:U 0126; D014635:Valproic Acid; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580