title: Carboxyl terminus of hVIP/mov34 is critical for HIV-1-Vpr interaction and glucocorticoid-mediated signaling.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) vpr is a highly conserved gene among lentiviruses. The diverse functions of Vpr support interactions of this HIV accessory protein with host cell partners of important pathways. hVIP/mov34 (human Vpr Interacting Protein) is one of these identified Vpr ligands. hVIP is a 34-kDa member of the eIF3 family that is vital for early embryonic development in transgenic mice and important in cell cycle regulation. Its interaction with Vpr, however, is not yet clearly defined. Therefore, we constructed a panel of deletion mutants of this cytoplasmic cellular ligand to map the protein domain that mediates its interaction with Vpr. We observed that the carboxyl-terminal region of hVIP is critical for its interaction with Vpr. In the absence of Vpr or HIV infection, full-length hVIP is expressed in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic localization pattern of full-length hVIP protein, however, is shifted to a clear nuclear localization pattern in cells expressing both hVIP and Vpr. In contrast, Vpr did not alter the localization pattern of hVIP mutants, which have their carboxyl-terminal domain deleted. The movement of hVIP supported prior work that suggested that Vpr triggers activation of the GR receptor complex. In fact, we also observed that dexamethasone moves hVIP into the nucleus and that glucocorticoid antagonists inhibit this effect. Interestingly, the expression of an hVIP carboxyl-terminal mutant, which is not responsive to Vpr, is also not responsive to dexamethasone. These data illustrate that the carboxyl-terminal domain of hVIP is critical for mediating hVIP-Vpr interaction as well as for its glucocorticoid response. These results support the view that hVIP is a member of the complex array of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins that are regulated by HIV infection and glucocorticoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Mathura P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D000075686:COP9 Signalosome Complex; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000737:chemistry*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000378:metabolism*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015735:Mifepristone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C470634:COPS6 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008024:Ligands; D015735:Mifepristone; D006639:Histidine; D000075686:COP9 Signalosome Complex