title: Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility to fluconazole in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginal colonization by Candida with the use of a rapid detection method, to examine the determinants of vaginal candidiasis, and to evaluate susceptibility for fluconazole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vaginal swabs were collected from unselected women at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A differentiation was made between patients with a positive and a negative potassium hydroxide examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred twelve women were recruited, of whom 39 women (6.3%) had clinical candidiasis. The overall rate of yeast colonization was 20.1%. Candida albicans was isolated most frequently(68.3%), followed by C glabrata (16.3%) and C parapsilosis (8.9%). Clinical candidiasis was related positively with the state of estrogen impregnation. In vitro susceptibility testing by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method for fluconazole revealed that 21.1% of the isolates were resistant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than 20% of the unselected women were colonized with Candida species. Hyperestrogenemia was associated with an increased vulvovaginal colonization by Candida. Surprisingly, 21% of the isolates was resistant to fluconazole, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tiene G m
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Bauters
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dhont
authors.forename: Marleen I L
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Temmerman
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nelis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D015725:Fluconazole