title: Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that 10% of all patients with bipolar disorder develop their illness after the age of 50, with bipolar disorder accounting for 5-19% of mood disorder presentations in the elderly. There has been a growing awareness regarding the manifestation of bipolar disorder among older adults due to both changes in national demographics, and developing sophistication in the treatment of bipolar illness. A persistent problem in our understanding of management of late life bipolar disorder is the paucity of research and rigorous published studies on the psychopharmacology of this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews medication treatments, non-medication biological therapies, and psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder in late life with a particular emphasis on age related modifiers of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Findings are based upon review of the current literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are multiple, significant gaps in our knowledge of bipolar disorder in late life which have important implications in the optimum treatment of elderly individuals with bipolar illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a number of areas of needed future research in late life bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio 44106-5000, USA. martha.sajatovic@uhhs.com
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sajatovic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium