title: Isolation of a galactomannan that enhances macrophage activation from the edible fungus Morchella esculenta.
abstract: The edible mushroom Morchella esculenta is among the most highly prized and morphologically recognizable fungi in the world. We describe the isolation from a polar extract of M. esculenta carpophores of a high-molecular-weight galactomannan, about 1.0 million Da, that exhibits immunostimulatory activity. At 3.0 microg/mL the galactomannan polysaccharide increased NF-kappa B directed luciferase expression in THP-1 human monocytic cells to levels 50% of those achieved by maximal activating concentration (10 microg/mL) of lipopolysaccharide. This galactomannan comprises about 2.0% of the dry fungal material weight, and its glycosyl components include mannose (62.9%) and galactose (20.0%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Christine J G
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pasco
authors.forename: Samir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D005690:Galactose / Q000032:analysis / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008351:Mannans / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008358:Mannose / Q000032:analysis; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008351:Mannans; D016328:NF-kappa B; C012990:galactomannan; D008156:Luciferases; D008358:Mannose; D005690:Galactose