title: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and risk of future ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study from the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Our purpose was to assess the role of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration, a marker of inflammation, in predicting future ischemic stroke among patients at risk because of chronic coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained baseline serum samples from patients with chronic coronary heart disease enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention trial (n=3090), which assessed the efficacy of bezafibrate in secondary prevention. Using a prospective nested case-control design, we measured baseline sICAM-1 concentration in sera of patients who developed ischemic stroke during a mean follow-up of 8.2 years (cases, n=134) and in age- and sex-matched controls without any subsequent cardiovascular events (n=134).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline serum concentrations of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in cases compared with controls (379 versus 350 ng/mL, P<0.05). sICAM-1 concentration at the highest quartile (>394 ng/mL) was associated with significantly higher relative odds of ischemic stroke compared with the lower concentrations after adjustment for potential confounding variables (relative odds, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.3). After fibrinogen and total white blood cell count were added to the multivariable model, the relative odds were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.2) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 4.8), respectively. The risk associated with raised concentrations of sICAM-1 seemed to be highest for large disabling strokes of cardioembolic origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated concentrations of sICAM-1, a marker of inflammation, are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, independent of other traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and of plasma fibrinogen, among patients at increased risk because of manifest coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. tanne@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Moti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haim
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goldbourt
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reshef
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matetzky
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Yoseph A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Mekori
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D001629:Bezafibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D005340:Fibrinogen; D001629:Bezafibrate