title: Inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by the abused solvent, toluene.
abstract: 1 Toluene is a representative example of a class of industrial solvents that are voluntarily inhaled as drugs of abuse. Previous data from this lab and others has shown that toluene modulates the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine receptors at concentrations that do not affect non-NMDA receptors. 2 We utilized two-electrode voltage-clamp and whole cell patch-clamp techniques to assess the effects of toluene on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in oocytes and cultured hippocampal neurons. Toluene (50 micro M to 10 mM) produced a reversible, concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine-induced current in Xenopus oocytes expressing various nicotinic receptor subtypes. The alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 subunit combinations were significantly more sensitive to toluene inhibition than the alpha4beta4, alpha3beta4 and alpha7 receptors. 3 Receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2(V253F) subunits showed alpha4beta4-like toluene sensitivity while those containing alpha4 and beta4(F255V) subunits showed alpha4beta2-like sensitivity. 4 In hippocampal neurons, toluene (50 micro M to 10 mM) dose-dependently inhibited ACh-mediated responses with an IC(50) of 1.1 mM. 5 Taken together, these results suggest that nicotinic receptors, like NMDA receptors, show a subunit-dependent sensitivity to toluene and may represent an important site of action for some of the neurobehavioural effects of toluene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Ambuja S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bale
authors.forename: Corigan T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Smothers
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014050:Toluene / Q000633:toxicity*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene; D000109:Acetylcholine