title: Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dimensions in healthy standardbred trotters.
abstract: The aim of the study was to establish normal echocardiographic values of healthy Standardbred trotters not published previously. Twenty-three clinically normal horses weighing between 350 and 490 kg were examined in the same manner: first a thorough physical and then detailed echocardiographic examination were performed. Standardised two-dimensional (2D) and guided M-mode echocardiographic imaging techniques were used to measure interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), left ventricular wall thickness (LVW), left atrial internal diameter (LAID) in end-systole (s) and end-diastole (d) and aortic diameter (AOD) in end-diastole. Mean, range and standard deviation of the different parameters were calculated. The mean values (in centimetres) were as follow (2D/M-mode): IVSs: 4.6/4.7; IVSd: 3.1/3.0; LVIDs: 7.0/7.0; LVIDd: 10.7/10.7; LVWs: 3.9/3.9; LVWd: 2.7/2.7; LAIDs: 10.4/-; LAIDd: 11.3/-; AODd: 7.2/-. Results of two-dimensional and M-mode measurements were compared to each other and to normal values obtained from other breeds.
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary. zbakos@univet.hu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bakos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vörös
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiczigel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012016:Reference Values