title: Referral sources to a weight management program: relation to outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the characteristics and outcomes of physician-referred weight management patients relative to self-referred patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of clinic records of all individuals contacting a weight control program during a 2-year period with follow-up throughout consecutive levels of treatment (i.e., enrollment, completion, and outcome).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical school weight management center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample (N = 1,392) of overweight and obese callers was categorized as physician-initiated (n = 345), media (n = 653), or personal (n = 394) referrals. Attendees at initial consultation (n = 571) were age 41.7 +/- 12.8 years, weight 113.9 +/- 36.1 kilograms, and body mass index (BMI) 40.3 +/- 11.3 kg/m(2) (data expressed as mean +/- standard deviation).
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-calorie-diet and very-low-calorie-diet programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gender comparisons, attendance at initial consultation, body mass index, motivation, comorbidities, enrollment and completion rates, and weight loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to callers from other referral sources, physician referrals included a larger minority of males (25.2%) and were more likely to attend an initial consultation (63.5%; P < .001). Among consultation attendees, physician referrals were heavier (mean BMI = 44.8), reported more comorbidities, were less likely to join programs (16.9%), and scored as less motivated than other referrals (P < .007). Completion rates for physician referrals were higher than for self-referrals in the very-low-calorie-diet program (85.7%; P < .04) but not in the low-calorie-diet program (P > .05). Among completers, physician referrals did not differ on weight loss in either program (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to self-referrals, physician-referred individuals are in greater need of weight loss, less motivated, less likely to enter treatment, but equally likely to profit from it. Therefore, physician referral for weight loss is beneficial for at least some patients and should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Weight Management Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binks
authors.forename: Mahlen Patrick
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: O'Neil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss