title: The assessment of constipation in monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal enuresis and constipation are common pediatric problems. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of constipation in children with or without monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 5350 children, ages 5-19 years, who were surveyed to detect the incidence of nocturnal enuresis. Of those surveyed, 679 (12.7%) had primary nocturnal enuresis. All children were questioned by mail with a standard form that addressed their micturition and defecation habits. The children those who had primary nocturnal enuresis were invited to the Pediatric Urology Section of the University Hospital. Of those 679 children, 125 kept that invitation. All 125 of those children underwent an abdominal ultrasound. Also, these children had serum creatinine levels drawn and plain abdominal films taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Constipation, defined as less than 3 bowel movements per week, was seen in 48 of 679 children with nocturnal enuresis (7.06%). Of those 4671 children without nocturnal enuresis, only 68 (1.45%) had constipation. The difference in constipation between the two groups was statistically significant (z = -9.251; p = 0.000). Of note, 10 of the 125 children (8%), evaluated at the hospital, had constipation. None of the children had an abnormal neurologic examination. Finally, faecal loading was detected on the plain films of 8 of the 125 children evaluated, 7 of who had constipation. The sensitivity of grading plain films for faecal loading to denote constipation in this population was 87.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with primary nocturnal enuresis should be thoroughly assessed for coexisting constipation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Turkey. selcayan@mersin.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cayan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doruk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozlu
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Duce
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbay
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male