title: Validation of the Pain Assessment in Neonates (PAIN) scale with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the validity and clinical usefulness of a modified pain assessment scale, the Pain Assessment in Neonates (PAIN) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlational design to compare scores obtained on the PAIN with scores obtained on the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 196 neonates from an NICU and a step-down unit with gestational ages of 26 to 47 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bedside nurses observed the neonates for two minutes and then scored their responses on both scales. The scales were scored sequentially and in a randomized order.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation of individual item scores and total scores on the PAIN and the NIPS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores for individual items on the PAIN were significantly associated with scores obtained on the NIPS. Overall correlation between the scales was 0.93. These associations suggest that the PAIN is a valid scale for assessment of neonatal pain.
authors.affiliation: Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hudson-Barr
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Capper-Michel
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Tonya Mizell
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morbeto
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lombardo
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index