title: Reliability and validity of Canada's Physical Activity Monitor for assessing trends.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This investigation assessed the reliability and criterion validity of the Physical Activity Monitor, a telephone-interview adaptation of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ), which is currently used to assess trends in the Canadian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 512 people aged 18 yr and older was selected by random-digit dialing for telephone interviewing in the reliability study. The Monitor questions were administered twice, 3 wk apart. For the criterion validity study, a sample of 148 people aged 18-69 yr was selected at random from households. Participants completed the Monitor questions by telephone and an in-home step test to estimate maximum oxygen uptake. Another random sample of individuals aged 18-69 yr participated in a comparison study of the Monitor against the 1988 Campbell's Survey of Well-Being (CSWB) instrument. All studies were conducted in the vicinity of Toronto, Ontario. Spearman correlations controlling for age and sex were calculated as a measure of association for the reliability, validity, and comparison studies. Validity estimates were further adjusted for body mass index and physical activity demands of work and chores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Monitor instrument produced reliable estimates of total energy expenditure (P=0.90, P<0.0001) with criterion validity of 0.36 (P<0.0001). The association between estimates of total energy expenditure derived from the Monitor and CSWB instruments was 0.77 (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Physical Activity Monitor has acceptable test-retest reliability and criterion validity. The research also demonstrated that for the purpose of population monitoring a change in data collection mode-telephone interview versus self-administration in households-can yield reasonably comparable estimates from two adaptations of the MLTPAQ.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, 185 Somerset Street West, Suite 201, Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0J2, Canada. ccraig@cflri.ca
authors.forename: Cora Lynn
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Storm J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone