title: Soft contact lenses capable of sustained delivery of timolol.
abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the composition and the application of an imprinting technique on the loading capability of weakly crosslinked hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels, with a view to their use as reloadable soft contact lenses for administration of timolol. Hydrogels were prepared by dissolution of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, 10 mM) in HEMA with or without methacrylic acid (MAA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA; 100-400 mM) and with or without timolol maleate (10 mg/mL), initiation of polymerization by addition of 2,2'-azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN, 10 mM), injection in molds, and curing in an oven at 50-70 degrees C. Unreacted reagents were removed by boiling. The dry hydrogels were clear and fully polymerized with smooth, poreless surfaces and presented optimal mechanical properties. The hydrogels were then characterized by determination of their swelling and timolol release kinetics in 0.9% NaCl, phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and artificial lacrimal fluid, and of the timolol loading capacity of both nonimprinted hydrogels and de-timololized imprinted hydrogels at various pHs. Both water uptake and timolol release exhibited Fickian kinetics, except in the case of hydrogels made with 400 mM MAA. Timolol diffusion into 0.9% NaCl from HEMA or HEMA/MMA was slow; release from HEMA/MAA into phosphate buffer or lacrimal fluid was faster and increased with the MAA content of the polymer. Timolol loading was significant for HEMA/MAA hydrogels (imprinted or not) at pH 5.5-7.5, and specially for imprinted hydrogels containing 100 mM MAA, which absorb 12 mg timolol/g dry hydrogel. The results indicate that the incorporation of MAA as comonomer increases the timolol loading capacity to therapeutically useful levels while retaining appropriate release characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. ffrusdog@usc.es
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lorenzo
authors.forename: Haruyiki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiratani
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gómez-Amoza
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pacheco
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Concheiro
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004548:Elasticity; D020100:Hydrogels; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007700:Kinetics; D008689:Methacrylates; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012212:Rheology; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D020100:Hydrogels; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008689:Methacrylates; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D013999:Timolol