title: Cyr61 and CTGF are molecular markers of bladder wall remodeling after outlet obstruction.
abstract: Cysteine-rich protein (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are key immediate early growth factors with functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Studies were performed to assess the gene expression profile of Cyr61 and CTGF in rat urinary bladder during growth in response to partial outlet obstruction. The mRNA levels of Cyr61 as determined by ribonuclease protection assay increased sharply after 1 day and remained elevated throughout the time period of the obstruction. This correlates well with increased bladder weight. The CTGF mRNA levels seemed to peak within the second week of the urethral obstruction and correlate well with increased type I collagen mRNA. The expression pattern of either Cyr61 or CTGF proteins corroborated that of their respective mRNAs. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that immunoreactivity of Cyr61 was confined to detrusor smooth muscle and that of CTGF was detected within both detrusor muscle and lamina propria layers. These data strongly indicate the involvement of Cyr61 and CTGF in bladder wall remodeling as a result of the outlet obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Anatomy and Histology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. Chaqour@biochem.dental.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Brahim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaqour
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Ji-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macarak
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chichester
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006984:Hypertrophy; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C501849:CCN1 protein, rat; C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D019332:Endothelin-1; D006133:Growth Substances; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor