title: Neural damage in the lenticular nucleus linked with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: We investigated, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), whether the tardive dyskinesia (TD) often seen in schizophrenic patients is associated with cellular abnormalities in the basal ganglia system. The subjects in this study included schizophrenic patients with TD (TD group, n=7), schizophrenic patients without TD (non-TD group, n=7), and healthy volunteers (N group, n=7). We examined the 1H-MRS peaks of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr) in the regions of the left and right lenticular nucleus. In the left lenticular nucleus, the Cho/Cr ratio was significantly greater in the TD and non-TD groups than in the N group (Mann-Whitney U test; p<0.007 and p<0.006, respectively). Further, a significant linear trend was observed in the means of the ratio across the three groups (p<0.005); the TD group was the highest, the N group the lowest, and the non-TD group intermediate. No significant difference in the NAA/Cr ratio was found among groups. These results indicate that neural abnormalities in the basal ganglia may be linked with the neuroleptic medications and the process of the fundamental illness per se, and that more excessive damage to this neural substrate may lead to development of TD. However, as this is a preliminary study, further studies with a large number of subjects are required to verify our findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Nori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline