title: Transgenic mice harboring murine luteinizing hormone receptor promoter/beta-galactosidase fusion genes: different structural and hormonal requirements of expression in the testis, ovary, and adrenal gland.
abstract: In vivo regulation of the LH receptor (LHR) promoter was studied using transgenic (TG) mice harboring fusion genes containing three different lengths of the LHR promoter (7.4 kb, 2.1 kb, and 173 bp), fused with coding sequence of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL) reporter gene. The length of the LHR promoter significantly affected the pattern of beta-GAL expression. In the testis the shortest promoter directed expression primarily of the full-length beta-GAL mRNA, but mainly truncated messages were transcribed from the longer LHR promoter/beta-GAL constructs. The case was reversed in the ovary and adrenal gland. Furthermore, we have recently detected strong LHR expression in the adrenal gland of female mice with chronically elevated serum LH. Therefore, the regulation of the adrenal LHR expression was addressed in the present study using the LHR/beta-GAL TG mice. Elevated LH levels were achieved in the LHR/beta-GAL mice either by gonadectomy or cross-breeding them with TG mice overexpressing a chimeric protein of bovine LH beta-subunit and the C-terminal fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta. In both models, beta-GAL mRNA was found in the adrenal cortex when the 7.4-kb LHR promoter was applied but not in mice carrying the 173-bp LHR promoter. The 7.4-kb construct was activated also in the ovaries in the double TG LHR(beta-GAL)/bovine LH beta-subunit/C-terminal fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin-betamice in some theca-interstitial cells surrounding the follicles. Hence, the LHR promoter elements essential for directing beta-GAL expression to the adrenal gland and ovary (7.4 kb) are different from those recently shown to be essential for the testicular expression (173 bp). In conclusion, elevated serum LH concentrations were found seminal for the LHR promoter activation in the ovaries and adrenals, and different lengths of the promoter are responsible for reporter gene expression in the testis, ovary, and adrenal gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kero
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poutanen
authors.forename: Ilpo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huhtaniemi
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019677:Artificial Gene Fusion; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000235:genetics; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011974:Receptors, LH / Q000235:genetics*; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011974:Receptors, LH; D001616:beta-Galactosidase