title: [Utility of studying feces for the diagnosis and management of infants and preschool children with acute diarrhea].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of a stool work-up protocol in a series of infants and preschoolers with acute diarrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April 1999 and March 2000, among 288 children seen at a pediatric office in Guadalajara, Mexico. The mean age (+/-/SD) was 23.1 +/- 13.9 months; 43% were females. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics. The stool work-up consisted of fresh smear and methylene blue and Kinyoun smears, as well as determination of pH and reducing substances. Stool culture was performed in samples with > or = 3 leukocytes/microscopic field and rotavirus antigen detection only in selected cases. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi 2, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enterophatogens (%) identified were: rotavirus 47.1, Campylobacter jejuni 27.4, Salmonella spp. 5.1, Shigella spp. 4.3, Cryptosporidium parvum 2.8, Giardia lamblia 2.4, Blastocystis hominis 1.4, Entamoeba histolytica 0.7. An OR of 5.7 was obtained for isolation of enteroinvasive bacteria in the presence of fecal leukocytes. Lactose intolerance was detected in 19.1%. The frequencies of rotavirus antigen identification and lactose intolerance were significantly higher in infants; the OR for lactose intolerance in infants with rotavirus was 21. Mucus and blood in the stools were associated to enteroinvasive bacteria and Cryptosporidium parvum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current stool work-up protocol allowed the identification of enteropathogenic parasites, rotavirus and lactose intolerance in a short period of time. Leukocytes in stools were associated to the isolation of enteroinvasive bacteria. The frequency of agents associated to diarrheal disease was similar to that from other national studies. This stool work-up protocol could be useful as a tool to limit the unnecessary prescription of drugs and to follow universal recommendations for dietary management of these patients. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. larrosa@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larrosa-Haro
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Pérez
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Benavides
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology