title: Chondroitin and keratan sulfates have opposing effects on attachment and outgrowth of ventral mesencephalic explants in culture.
abstract: During rat brain development, striatal proteoglycan (PG) expression shows specific spatio-temporal modifications suggesting a possible role in the guidance of its dopaminergic afferents. The effects of individual glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on dopaminergic (DA) neuronal adhesion and outgrowth were therefore studied. We tested the behavior of dissociated embryonic rat mesencephalic cells cultivated on substrate-bound GAGs. Neuronal attachment was very limited and quantitative morphometry revealed variations in DA fiber outgrowth depending on the type and the concentration of GAG used. Next, we developed a cryoculture system to examine how neurons react toward GAGs expressed in situ. Rat brain slices from different developmental stages were used as substrates for embryonic mesencephalic explants. Preferential regions of adherence and outgrowth were observed: the striatum was found to be the most permissive, whereas the cortex was inhibitory. Western blotting experiments confirmed quantitative and qualitative changes in chondroitin sulfate (neurocan, phosphacan) and keratan sulfate (KS) containing PGs in these substrates and enzymatic digestion of GAGs before cryoculture revealed a substantial involvement of PGs in DA neuron adhesion and outgrowth. In particular, CSPGs seemed to mediate the permissive effect of the striatum, whereas KS confers an inhibitory effect to the cortex. PGs may thus be important for limiting midbrain projections to the striatum during development and for maintaining topography in the adult.
authors.affiliation: Neurodégénérescence et Plasticité, CHU de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Pavillon de Neurologie, Grenoble, France. Karine.Mace@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Macé
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxod
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadoul
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hemming
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002807:Chondroitin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007797:Laminin / Q000502:physiology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058580:Neurocan; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007797:Laminin; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D058580:Neurocan; D010455:Peptides; C076817:NCAN protein, human; C008973:polyornithine; D002807:Chondroitin; D007632:Keratan Sulfate; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C516895:PTPRZ1 protein, human; C516897:Ptprz1 protein, rat; D054633:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5; D004298:Dopamine