title: Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: To determine safety and the efficacy of carnitine treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ADHD behavior was observed by parents completing the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and by teachers completing the Conners teacher-rating score, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled double-crossover trial. In 13/24 boys receiving carnitine, home behavior improved as assessed with the CBCL total score (P < 0.02). In 13/24 boys, school behavior improved as assessed with the Conners teacher-rating score (P < 0.05). Before treatment, the CBCL total and sub-scores were significantly different from those of normal Dutch boys (P < 0.0001). Responders showed a significant improvement of the CBCL total scores compared to baseline (P < 0.0001). In the majority of boys no side effects were seen. At baseline and after carnitine treatment, responders showed higher levels of plasma-free carnitine (P < 0.03) and acetylcarnitine (P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, the carnitine treatment caused in the responsive patients a decrease of 20-65% (8-48 points) as assessed by the CBCL total problem rating scale. Treatment with carnitine significantly decreased the attention problems and aggressive behavior in boys with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Westfries Gasthuis, Hoorn, The Netherlands. oudheusden@wxs.nl
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Van Oudheusden
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Scholte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005178:Faculty; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010290:Parents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002331:Carnitine