title: A preliminary study on the effect of ultrasound therapy on the healing of surgically severed achilles tendons in five dogs.
abstract: This study was conducted on the left Achilles tendon in five clinically normal dogs. The Achilles tendon was surgically exposed and severed 3-4 cm proximal to the point of its insertion. Tenorrhaphy was undertaken by the application of three sutures on the various tendon units of the Achilles tendon using single locking-loop sutures with polyamide no. 1-0. The superficial digital flexor tendon was sutured with catgut using two horizontal mattress sutures. No ultrasound therapy was used in the animals of group I (control). Ultrasound therapy was given to the animals of group II (treated) starting from the third day post-operatively at 0.5 W/cm2 for 10 min daily for 10 days. A cortical screw was used for immobilization of the tibiotarsal joint which was removed 4 weeks after tenorrhaphy. Post-operatively, healing of the Achilles tendon was monitored using clinical observations, ultrasonography, gross and histomorphological observations at various intervals up to 120 days in both groups. Clinically, the dogs showed significant lameness for the first 4-5 days, which disappeared earlier in the ultrasound-treated (group II) animals than the controls (group I). Extension and flexion of the hock joint were found to be near normal at 6 weeks after the repair of the Achilles tendon. Ultrasonography showed anechoic to hypo-echoic echo-texture on days 3 and 7 after repair. By day 40, the echo-texture started to improve to hypo-echoic in group II, but in group I anechoic areas were still observed. However, the tendon showed near normal mottled hypo- to hyper-echoic texture in both groups by day 120. Gross observations suggested that the Achilles tendon in group II showed comparatively fewer adhesions than in group I animals. Histologically, in group II (treated), on day 40, the union was comparatively better without any inflammatory reaction. Bundle formation had begun in the ultrasound-treated animals which was not observed in the control animals. By day 90, more compact parallel bundle formation had taken place with minimum cellularity. Bundle formation was in its advanced stage in the treated animals. By day 120, the tendon tissue was comparatively acellular and looking like a normal tendon. The use of the cortical screw provided good immobilization and ultrasound therapy at 0.5 W/cm2 enhanced the Achilles tendon healing in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Radiology, Centre of Advanced Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Simran
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014945:Wound Healing