title: Age-related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: volumetric MR imaging analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A technique of segmenting total gray matter (GM) and total white matter (WM) in human brain is now available. We investigated the effects of age and sex on total fractional GM (%GM) and total fractional WM (%WM) volumes by using volumetric MR imaging in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four healthy volunteers (22 men, 32 women) aged 20-86 years underwent dual-echo fast spin-echo MR imaging. Total GM, total WM, and intracranial space volumes were segmented by using MR image-based computerized semiautomated software. Volumes were normalized as a percentage of intracranial volume (%GM and %WM) to adjust for variations in head size. Age and sex effects were then assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both %GM and %WM in the intracranial space were significantly less in older subjects (> or =50 years) than in younger subjects (<50 years) (P <.0001 and P =.02, respectively). Consistently, %GM decreased linearly with age, beginning in the youngest subjects. %WM decreased in a quadratic fashion, with a greater rate beginning only in adult midlife. Although larger GM volumes were observed in men before adjustments for cranium size, no significant differences in %GM or %WM were observed between the sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM volume loss appears to be a constant, linear function of age throughout adult life, whereas WM volume loss seems to be delayed until middle adult life. Both appear to be independent of sex. Quantitative analysis of %GM and %WM volumes can improve our understanding of brain atrophy due to normal aging; this knowledge may be valuable in distinguishing atrophy of disease patterns from characteristics of the normal aging process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: Marcie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rabin
authors.forename: Lois J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mannon
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kolson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors