title: Movement during sleep: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder, nightmares, and comorbid panic disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To corroborate findings from the National Comorbidy study with objective sleep data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep Laboratory, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Vietnam combat veteran.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reanalyzed laboratory sleep data obtained from subjects undergoing inpatient treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Comorbid panic disorder was not associated with a significant worsening of objective sleep in this sample. Posttraumatic stress disorder, comorbid panic disorder, and trauma-related nightmare complaint were all associated with significant and systematic reductions of sleep movement time. Analyses of potential "rescoring" artifacts provided further support for this effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A curvilinear function may describe the relationship between anxiety symptom severity and sleep-movement time in both posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Evidence for movement suppression in association with pathologic levels of human anxiety is consistent with the suppression of movement ("freezing") exhibited by animals under conditions of perceived threat.
authors.affiliation: National Center for PTSD, Clinical Laboratory and Education Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. steve.woodward@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Leskin
authors.forename: Javaid I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D004325:Dreams / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*