title: Spinal cord modulation associated with isometric contractions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dual-strategy hypothesis explains single-joint voluntary movement by dividing movements into two different strategies and suggesting that different excitation pulses modulate these movements. The existence of this excitation pulse was evaluated by quantifying magnitude and timing changes in the H-reflex (changes in spinal excitability) prior to a voluntary contraction. These changes in spinal excitability were assessed during a ballistic plantar flexion isometric contraction, where both the target size and force level was manipulated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were seated in a modified chair with a force transducer placed under the metatarsal heads to measure ankle force output. Following a visual stimulus subjects were trained to produce a plantar flexion force of 25% and 50% of a maximum voluntary contraction, within target sizes of 5% and 15% of the selected force level. Soleus motor neuron reflex excitability was analyzed by measuring changes in the H/M ratio. The H-reflex was randomly elicited by tibial nerve stimulations at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 ms prior to the recorded average soleus premotor time for each of the force and target size conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a significant effect among target sizes for the time of change in spinal excitability, slope of facilitation (rate of rise of spinal excitability), and peak facilitation. A significant difference was also established between force levels for the slope and peak facilitation, but there was no difference with time of facilitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that changes in both target size and force level can influence slope and peak of facilitation. However, only target size appears to affect the time of facilitation. Results clearly support the existence of an excitation pulse that is regulated by the type of movement.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, Motor Control Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 901 W. Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608-1516, USA. jrobicha@uic.edu
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robichaud
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brunt
authors.forename: L Keith
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Tennant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*