title: Predictors of positive health in disability pensioners: a population-based questionnaire study using Positive Odds Ratio.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determinants of ill-health have been studied far more than determinants of good and improving health. Health promotion measures are important even among individuals with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to find predictors of positive subjective health among disability pensioners (DPs) with musculoskeletal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two questionnaire surveys were performed among 352 DPs with musculoskeletal disorders. Two groups were defined: DPs with positive health and negative health, respectively. In consequence with the health perspective in this study the conception Positive Odds Ratio was defined and used in the logistic regression analyses instead of the commonly used odds ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive health was associated with age > or = 55 years, not being an immigrant, not having fibromyalgia as the main diagnosis for granting an early retirement, no regular use of analgesics, a high ADL capacity, a positive subjective health preceding the study period, and good quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive odds ratio is a concept well adapted to theories of health promotion. It can be used in relation to positive outcomes instead of risks. Suggested health promotion and secondary prevention efforts among individuals with musculoskeletal disorders are 1) to avoid a disability pension for individuals <55 years of age; if necessary, to make sure rehabilitation actions continue, 2) to increase efforts to support immigrants to adjust to circumstances connected to ill-health and retirement, 3) to pay special attention to individuals with fibromyalgia and other general pain disorders, and 4) to strengthen ADL activities to support an independent active life among disability pensioners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, S-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden. goran.ejlertsson@hv.hkr.se
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ejlertsson
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edén
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leden
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D018868:Insurance, Disability; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011788:Quality of Life; D012179:Retirement; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden