title: Signal Transduction and Transcription Factor Modification during Reactivation of Epstein-Barr Virus from Latency.
abstract: Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) from latency involves activation of the Zp promoter of the EBV BZLF1 gene. This occurs rapidly and efficiently in response to cross-linking the B-cell receptor on Akata Burkitt's lymphoma cells. After optimizing conditions for induction, signal transduction responses to B-cell receptor cross-linking were observed within 10 min, well before any autoactivation effects of BZLF1 protein. The primary events in reactivation were shown to involve dephosphorylation of the myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF-2D) transcription factor via the cyclosporin A-sensitive, calcium-mediated signaling pathway. This and other signal transduction events were correlated with the quantitative promoter analysis reported in the accompanying paper (U. K. Binné, W. Amon, and P. J. Farrell, this issue). Dephosphorylation of MEF-2D is known to be associated with histone acetylase recruitment, correlating with the histone acetylation at Zp during reactivation that we reported previously (Jenkins et al., J. Virol. 74:710-720, 2000). Histone deacetylation in response to phosphorylated MEF-2D can be mediated by class I or class II histone deacetylases (HDACs); HDAC 7 was the most readily detected class II HDAC in Akata and Raji cells, suggesting that it may be involved in Zp repression during latency.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. Virology and Cell Biology Section, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; C543273:HDAC7 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases