title: 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits uncoupling protein 2 expression in human adipocytes.
abstract: We recently demonstrated that suppressing 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 by increasing dietary calcium decreases adipocyte intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), stimulates lipolysis, and inhibits lipogenesis. High calcium diets also increase core temperature and white adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression in aP2-agouti transgenic mice. Accordingly, we have evaluated the role of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 in regulating human adipocyte UCP2 expression. Treatment of human adipocytes for 48 h with 1 nM 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 inhibited UCP2 mRNA and protein levels by 50% (P<0.002) and completely blocked isoproterenol- or fatty acid-stimulated two- to threefold increases in UCP2 expression. However, a specific agonist for the membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR), 1alpha,25-dihydroxylumisterol3, was unable to inhibit basal, isoproterenol-stimulated, or fatty acid-stimulated UCP2 expression, whereas a specific mVDR antagonist,1beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, was unable to prevent the 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 inhibition of UCP2 expression. In contrast, nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR) knockout via antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) prevented the inhibitory effect of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 on adipocyte UCP2 expression and protein levels. These data indicate that 1a,25-(OH)2-D3 exerts an inhibitory effect on adipocyte UCP2 expression via the nVDR. Thus, suppression of 1alpha,25-(OH)2-D3 and consequent up-regulation of UCP2 may contribute to our previous observation of increased thermogenesis in mice fed with high calcium diets.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Anindita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: C121609:1,25-dihydroxylumisterol(3); D016373:DNA, Antisense; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604390:Ucp2 protein, mouse; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D002117:Calcitriol; D004875:Ergosterol