title: Hypoosmotic Shock Induces Increases in Cytosolic Ca2+ in Tobacco Suspension-Culture Cells.
abstract: Hypoosmotic shock treatment increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension-culture cells. [Ca2+]cyt measurements were made by genetically transforming these cells to express apoaequorin and by reconstituting the Ca2+-dependent photoprotein, aequorin, in the cytosol by incubation with chemically synthesized coelenterazine. Measurement of Ca2+-dependent luminescence output thus allowed the direct monitoring of [Ca2+]cyt changes. When cells were added to a hypoosmotic medium, a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]cyt was observed; an immediate small elevation (phase 1) was observed first, followed by a rapid, large elevation (phase 2). Phase 1 [Ca2+]cyt was stimulated by the V-type ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Phase 2 was inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor K-252a and required the continued presence of the hypoosmotic stimulus to maintain it. Although Ca2+ in the medium was needed to produce phase 2, it was not needed to render the cells competent to the hypoosmotic stimulus. If cells were subject to hypoosmotic shock in Ca2+- depleted medium, increases in luminescence could be induced up to 20 min after the shock by adding Ca2+ to the medium. These data suggest that hypoosmotic shock-induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation results from the activity of a Ca2+ channel in the plasma membrane or associated hypoosmotic sensing components that require Ca2+- independent phosphorylation and a continued stimulus to maintain full activity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (K.T., M.I., S.M.), School of Agricultural Sciences (M.I.), Nagoya University Bioscience Center (S.M.), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-01, Japan.
authors.forename: K.
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M.
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: M. R.
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: A. J.
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Trewavas
authors.forename: S.
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto