title: Renal sonography in the diagnosis of renal obstruction or hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of renal sonography and its use as an alternative to intravenous urography in detecting ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with biopsy-confirmed carcinoma of the cervix who were referred to the radiotherapy center from February 6, 2001, through July 20, 2001, were enrolled in this trial. All patients had previously undergone clinical staging by physical examination and either intravenous urography or CT scanning as the standard tests for diagnosing ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis. All patients underwent renal sonography as an alternative diagnostic tool for diagnosing ureteral obstruction or hydronephrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 46 years (range, 26-65 years). According to the FIGO staging system, 12% of the patients had clinical stages 1B2 and 2A disease, 20% had stage 2B, 8% had stage 3A, 50% had stage 3B, and 10% had a postoperative recurrence of cervical cancer. Thirty-four patients had had intravenous urography and 6 had had CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and overall accuracy rates for renal sonography were 76.5% (13/17), 100% (23/23), 100% (13/13), 85% (23/27), and 90% (36/40), respectively. Seventy-five percent (3/4) of the false-negative results occurred in patients with pelvic sidewall thickening on physical examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal sonography may be used as an effective and relatively low-cost means of diagnosing ureteral obstruction in patients with cervical cancer without clinically evident pelvic sidewall thickening.
authors.affiliation: National Radiotherapy Center, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box KB369, Accra, Ghana, West Africa.
authors.forename: Verna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vanderpuye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*