title: The unstable shoulder in the adolescent athlete.
abstract: Shoulder dislocation and subluxation occur frequently in athletes, with peaks in the second and sixth decades. The majority of traumatic dislocations are in the anterior direction. The most frequent complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrence--a complication that occurs much more often in the adolescent population. The dynamic (muscular) and static (predominantly capsuloligamentous and labral) restraints to shoulder instability are now well defined. Recent surgical procedures for shoulder instability have become less interventional and have focused on restoring disrupted static restraints. The aim of rehabilitation is to enhance the dynamic muscular and proprioceptive restraints to shoulder instability.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service and the Orthopaedic Research Institute, St. George Hospital Campus, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Judie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paxinos
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzannes
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callanan
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: George A C
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Murrell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology