title: Physiological alterations and regulation of heterocyst and nitrogenase formation in Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain of Anabaena variabilis.
abstract: Physiological alterations and regulation of heterocyst and nitrogenase formation have been studied in Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain of diazotrophic cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain of A. variabilis has been isolated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N"-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis and was screened with the penicillin enrichment (500 microg ml(-1)). Growth, heterocyst differentiation, nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase (biosynthetic and transferase), (14)CO(2)-fixation, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activities, and NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), and NH(4)(+) uptake and whole cell protein profile in different metabolic conditions were studied in the Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain taking wild-type A. variabilis as reference. Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain was incapable of assimilating elemental nitrogen (N(2)) due to its inability to form heterocysts and nitrogenase and this was the reason for its inability to grow in BG-11(0) medium (free from combined nitrogen). In contrast, wild-type strain grew reasonably well in the absence of combined nitrogen sources and also showed heterocyst differentiation (8.5%) and nitrogenase activity (10.8 etamol C(2)H(4) formed microg(-1) Chl a h(-1)) in N(2)-medium. Wild-type strain also exhibited higher NR, NiR, and GS activities compared to its Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain, which may presumably be due to acquisition of high uptake of NO(3)(-), NO(2)(-), and NH(2)(+). Wild-type strain in contrast to its Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain also exhibited high level of G6PDH, IDH, and (14)CO(2) fixation activities. Low levels of G6PDH and IDH activities in Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain further confirmed the lack of heterocyst differentiation and nitrogenase activity in the Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain.NR, NiR, and GS activities in both the strains were energy-dependent and the energy required is mainly derived from photophosphorylation. Furthermore, it was found that de novo protein synthesis is necessarily required for the activities of NR, NiR, and GS in both wild-type and its Het(-) Fix(-) mutant strain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026 M.P., India.
authors.forename: Bhanumati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Vinay S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Surendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bisen
mesh_terms: D017033:Anabaena / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000378:metabolism; D016296:Mutagenesis; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D009591:Nitrogenase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D009572:Nitrite Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase