title: cDNA microarray analysis of vestibular schwannomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vestibular schwannomas are known to harbor mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor gene, but the mechanism of the neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor gene action is not well understood. Identification of genes differentially expressed in normal and diseased tissues through the use of a large-scale, cDNA microarray approach may lead to increased understanding of pathways that lead to tumor formation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to evaluate the gene expression profiles in vestibular schwannomas in comparison with normal vestibular nerve tissues and to identify pathways that may be altered in schwannomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was extracted from one normal vestibular nerve and seven vestibular schwannomas. The normal vestibular nerve was from one of the seven patients with small vestibular schwannomas. Radiolabeled cDNA was synthesized and hybridized to cDNA microarray filters that contained 25,920 known genes or expressed sequence tags. Expression profiles were imaged and analyzed. Selected genes that showed three-fold or greater difference in the intensity between the normal nerve and the schwannomas were further examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two genes (0.2%) were upregulated 3-fold or more in at least 5 of the 7 tumors when the filter images were compared with a normal adjacent vestibular nerve. Among them, osteonectin, an angiogenesis mediator, and RhoB GTPase, which is important in cell signaling, were significantly upregulated in 5 of 7 tumors. Among genes that were downregulated, an apoptosis-related LUCA-15 gene was highly underexpressed in 6 of 7 schwannomas when compared with the normal nerve. Also, ezrin, a relative of the NF2 protein, was significantly downregulated in 5 of 7 tumors. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry data support the cDNA microarray findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our cDNA microarray analysis of schwannomas suggested several interesting and potentially important tumorigenesis pathways associated with vestibular schwannoma formation. Further in vivo study is necessary to define the roles of these identified genes and their potential relationships with the neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio, USA. welling.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: D Bradley
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Welling
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lasak
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akhmametyeva
authors.forename: Bobak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghaheri
authors.forename: Long-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016515:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016518:Neurofibromatosis 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger