title: Joint coordination during whole-body lifting in women with low back pain after pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify differences in the kinematics of lifting between women with low back and/or pelvic pain after pregnancy and women without.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 7 women with pain (positive pain drawing, no physical examination) and 9 female controls (not matched).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of downward and upward phases, relative instant of box lift-off, joint angles, spatial angles of trunk and pelvis, pelvic angle relative to trunk, and phase angle relationships between joints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of the upward phase +/- standard deviation was longer in the pain group (1731+/-290 ms vs 1489+/-187 ms, P=.031). At box lift-off, this group had less hip joint flexion (101.9 degrees +/-20.8 degrees vs 78.7 degrees +/-12.4 degrees, P=.015) but more backward pelvis tilt relative to the trunk, that is, more lumbar spine flexion (126.3 degrees +/-16.8 degrees vs 109.0 degrees +/-12.3 degrees, P=.031). The pain group showed an immediate transition from lumbar spine flexion to extension, whereas the controls maintained peak flexion for about 600 ms. The peak phase lag between knee and hip joint extension in the upward phase was larger for the pain group (-29.7 degrees +/-8.3 degrees vs -17.2 degrees +/-5.5 degrees, P=.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with low back and/or pelvic pain after pregnancy showed different kinematics of lifting. Further research is needed to determine the exact relationship between the altered kinematics and the underlying disorder.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Spine Unit, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.commissaris@arbeid.tno.nl
authors.forename: Dianne A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Commissaris
authors.forename: Lena B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nilsson-Wikmar
authors.forename: Jaap H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Van Dieën
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirschfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D017770:Lifting; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric