title: Phase III trial comparing chemotherapy plus once-daily or twice-daily radiotherapy in Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This Phase III study was performed to determine whether chemotherapy plus b.i.d. or q.d. radiotherapy (RT) resulted in superior survival for patients with Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with Stage III NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of <or=1 were randomized to receive either standard q.d. RT (60 Gy in 30 daily fractions) or split-course b.i.d. RT (30 Gy in 20 fractions b.i.d.) followed by a 2-week break and then 30 Gy in 20 fractions b.i.d. Both arms included etoposide and cisplatin (EP) during RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between December 1994 and February 1999, 246 patients were accrued and 234 were deemed eligible and included in the analyses. Of the 234 patients, 123 had Stage IIIa disease and 111 had Stage IIIb disease. The incidence of severe (Grade 3 or greater) acute nonhematologic toxicity (q.d. RT, 53% vs. b.i.d. RT, 65%) and severe (Grade 3 or greater) hematologic toxicities (thrombocytopenia, 41% q.d. RT vs. 39% b.i.d. RT; neutropenia, 80% q.d. RT vs. 81% b.i.d. RT) was not significantly different between the treatment arms. Five patients (3 in q.d. RT group and 2 in b.i.d. RT group) died as a result of acute toxicity. The follow-up ranged from 2 to 73 months (median 43). No significant differences were found between the q.d. and b.i.d. RT arms in terms of time to progression (p = 0.9; median 9.4 and 9.6 months, respectively), overall survival (p = 0.4; median 14 and 15 months and 2-year survival rate 37% and 40%, respectively), and cumulative incidence of local failure (p = 0.6; 2-year rate 45% and 41%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This program of split-course b.i.d. RT plus EP was not superior to standard q.d. RT plus EP. The toxicity, tumor control, and survival rates were similar with either b.i.d. or q.d. RT. Our future efforts will concentrate on new combinations of systemic therapy and innovative methods of administering increasing doses of RT.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA. sschild@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Randolph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: McGinnis
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kuross
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mailliard
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kugler
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jett
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin