title: International Union v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 24 February 1988.
abstract: The plaintiffs, female employees of the defendant, brought a Title VII civil rights action, charging the defendant with discrimination in its fetal protection policy.  The policy prohibits women who are capable of bearing children from working in jobs where there is a likelihood that their blood levels will rise above thirty micrograms of lead.  The US Federal Court ruled that the policy does not violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  It held that lead poses substantial risks to fetuses and that no acceptable alternative was established that would have a lesser impact on female employees.
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004651:Employment; D005333:Fetus; D006262:Health; D006280:Health Workforce; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D007603:Jurisprudence; D007854:Lead; D008670:Metals; D009656:North America; D016272:Occupational Health; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011287:Prejudice; D011640:Public Policy; D012098:Reproduction; D012940:Social Problems; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D008670:Metals; D007854:Lead
keywords: Americas; Court Decision; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Fetus--legal aspects; Health; Human Resources; Ingredients And Chemicals; Inorganic Chemicals; Labor Force--legal aspects; Lead; Metals; North America; Northern America; Occupational Health--legal aspects; Population; Population Characteristics; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women--legal aspects; Reproduction; Sex Discrimination--legal aspects; Social Discrimination; Social Problems; Social Protection; United States