title: Structural magnetic resonance imaging in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, psychotic and severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls. Results of the schizophrenia and affective psychoses (SAP) project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural brain abnormalities are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study how regional brain volumes and their ratios differ between patients with schizophrenia, psychotic depression, severe non-psychotic depression and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain on first-episode patients and on healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia had a smaller left frontal grey matter volume than the other three groups. Patients with psychotic depression had larger ventricular and posterior sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes than controls. Patients with depression had larger white matter volumes than the other patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left frontal lobe, especially its grey matter volume, seems to be specifically reduced in first-episode schizophrenia. Enlarged cerebral ventricles and sulcal CSF volumes are prevalent in psychotic depression. Preserved or expanded white matter is typical of non-psychotic depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku Psychiatric Clinic, Finland. Raimo.K.R.Salokangas@tyks.fi
authors.forename: R K R
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Salokangas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Erp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ilonen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taiminen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lauerma
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wallenius
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaljonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Syvälahti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vilkman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hietala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*