title: Pimecrolimus inhibits up-regulation of OX40 and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary T cell activation by allogeneic dendritic cells.
abstract: Pimecrolimus is a new non-steroidal inhibitor of T cell and mast cell activation. In the present study, we compared the potency of pimecrolimus and cyclosporin A (CyA) to inhibit cytokine synthesis of alloantigen-primed T cells and the expression of CD134 (OX40), an inducible co-receptor molecule thought to be critical for the survival and expansion of inflammation-mediating T cells. To mimic the physiological situation of recurrent antigenic stimulation, we have used dendritic cells (DC) as stimulators of purified CD4+ T cells in the primary and secondary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (allo-MLC). Pimecrolimus inhibited surface expression of OX40 and prevented the up-regulation of CD25 and CD54 with a 10-fold higher potency compared to CyA. Similarly, 50% inhibition of allo-DC-mediated T cell proliferation by pimecrolimus was obtained at 0.55 nm, compared to about 12 nm for CyA. Furthermore, pimecrolimus blocked the increase of OX40 on primed T cells restimulated on day 10 in secondary allo-MLC. Allo-DC-primed T cells showed a restricted cytokine profile characterized by the production of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 but low to undetectable levels of IL-4 and IL-10. The synthesis of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and the up-regulation of OX40 on T cells after secondary allogeneic stimulation were almost entirely blocked by 10 nm pimecrolimus. Taken together, pimecrolimus inhibits T cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine synthesis and also prevents the up-regulation of the OX40 co-receptor on primed T cells indicating its potential in the therapy of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Norvartis Research Institute, Department AID, Brunnerstrasse 59, A 1235 Vienna, austria. frank.kalthoff@pharma.novartis.com
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Kalthoff
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuetz
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007519:Isoantigens; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D053262:Receptors, OX40; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505716:TNFRSF4 protein, human; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; C117268:pimecrolimus; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus