title: Tic disorders in the adolescent.
abstract: This chapter addresses the multidimensional nature of tic disorders. The several major dimensions include (1) duration of symptoms (from less than 1 year to lifelong); (2) intensity of symptoms (from mild to severe); (3) frequency of symptoms (from rare to constant); (4) variety of symptoms (from single motor group/single phonic tic to multiple occurrences of both types); (5) complexity of tics (from simple motor/phonic tics to tics involving multiple motor groups or the production of multiple sounds including involuntary phrases); (6) response to treatment (from good to minimal or no response); and (7) comorbid psychiatric disorders (from none to multiple). These dimensions and their relationship to a variety of tic disorder diagnoses are explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1057, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuperman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics