title: Higher frequency of apolipoprotein E2 allele in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is one of the major causes of end stage renal failure in Taiwan. Previous studies have indicated that lipid abnormalities might contribute to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Apolipoprotein E (apo E) regulates the metabolism of lipoproteins. Three different apo E alleles (epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4) produce apo E isoproteins, apo E2, apo E3 and apo E4. Thus, the apo E gene polymorphism may be associated with DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the distribution of apo E genotype in type 2 diabetic Taiwanese, we examined 314 patients with type 2 diabetes (100 without nephropathy and 214 with nephropathy) and 150 age-matched normal controls. The diagnosis of nephropathy was made when daily protein loss exceeded 500 mg. The apo E gene polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study found that the frequency of apo E2 allele was significantly higher in the diabetics with nephropathy- non-dialysis group (7.7%) and diabetics with nephropathy- dialysis group (7.7%) than in normal controls (1.7%) (p < 0.001) and diabetics without nephropathy (2.0%) (p < 0.01). The E3 and E4 allele frequencies were not significantly different among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings imply that apo E polymorphism is apparently related to the development of DN in type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Shiu-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yuan-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hung-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiun-Nong
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shyi-Jang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A