title: Concomitant use of mirtazapine and phenytoin: a drug-drug interaction study in healthy male subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of mirtazapine on steady-state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin and vice versa and to assess tolerability and safety of the combined use of mirtazapine and phenytoin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label, randomised, parallel-groups, single-centre, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study. Seventeen healthy, male subjects completed either treatment A [nine subjects: daily 200 mg phenytoin for 17 days plus mirtazapine (15 mg for 2 days continuing with 30 mg for 5 days) from day 11 to day 17] or treatment B [eight subjects: mirtazapine, daily 15 mg for 2 days continuing with 30 mg for 15 days plus phenytoin 200 mg from day 8 to day 17]. Serial blood samples were taken for kinetic profiling on the 10th and 17th days of treatment A and on the 7th and 17th days of treatment B. Induction of CYP 3A by phenytoin was evaluated by measuring the ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol over cortisol on the 1st, 7th and 17th days of treatment B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-administration of mirtazapine had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, i.e. the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-24) and peak plasma concentration (C(max)) remained unchanged. The addition of phenytoin to an existing daily administration of mirtazapine resulted in a mean (+/-SD) decrease of the AUC(0-24) from 576+/-104 ng h/ml to 305+/-81.6 ng h/ml and a mean decrease of C(max) from 69.7+/-17.5 ng/ml to 46.9+/-10.9 ng/ml. Induction of CYP 3A by phenytoin is confirmed by the significantly ( P=0.001) increased 6beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio from 1.74+/-1.00 to 2.74+/-1.64.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-administration of mirtazapine did not alter the steady-state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. The addition of phenytoin to an existing daily administration of mirtazapine results in a decrease of the plasma concentrations of mirtazapine by 46% on average, most likely due to induction of CYP 3A3/4.
authors.affiliation: NV Organon, Clinical Pharmacology Department, PO Box 20, 5340 BH Oss, The Netherlands. edwin.spaans@organon.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spaans
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: P A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Chin-Kon-Sung
authors.forename: E P H
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Colbers
authors.forename: J M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sitsen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008803:Mianserin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D008803:Mianserin; D010672:Phenytoin; D000078785:Mirtazapine