title: Cost-effectiveness of a cardiovascular disease risk reduction program aimed at financially vulnerable women: the Massachusetts WISEWOMAN project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Massachusetts WISEWOMAN Project is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction program targeting older uninsured and underinsured women. The cost-effectiveness of providing CVD screening and enhanced lifestyle interventions (EI), compared with providing CVD screening and a minimum intervention (MI), was assessed at five El and six MI healthcare sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost calculations were based on data collected during screenings and intervention activities conducted with 1586 women in 1996. Risk factor data, including cholesterol and blood pressure measures, were used to create a summary effectiveness outcome, the 10-year probability of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). The cost-effectiveness ratio of the EI, compared with the MI, was calculated by dividing the incremental cost of the EI by the incremental effectiveness of the EI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incremental cost of the EI was $191. During the 1-year study period, the 10-year probability of CHD decreased from 9.4% to 9.2% in the MI group and from 10.3% to 9.8%in the El group. Based on these results, it would cost $637 to achieve a 1 percentage point larger decrease in the 10-year probability of CHD for women enrolled in the El. However, because differences between groups were not statistically significant, we cannot reject the hypothesis that the El results in no greater reductions in CHD risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although women enrolled in both the MI and El showed decreases in CHD risk during the study period, future research is needed to assess the impact of lifestyle interventions targeting financially disadvantaged women.
authors.affiliation: RTI, Health, Social and Economics Research, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. finkelse@rti.org
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Troped
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palombo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008404:Massachusetts; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011203:Poverty; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012306:Risk; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards