title: Dental biofilms at healthy and inflamed gingival margins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increased plaque formation observed in gingival inflammation is not fully understood. Receptor proteins in the dental pellicle might influence bacterial adhesion and subsequent plaque formation. The purpose of the present study was to examine proteins and microorganisms in dental biofilms, at healthy and inflamed gingival margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  To see whether marginal inflammation affects the composition of the pellicle and the early dental plaque, samples were taken from the gingival and incisal parts of teeth in periodontally healthy subjects, both in gingival health and during experimental gingivitis. Pellicle proteins were analysed using gel-electrophoresis, immunoblotting and image analysis. Bacteria were analysed by culturing and the PCR technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During gingivitis, the rate of plaque formation increased significantly. The semiquantitative amounts of proteins and the numbers of bacteria varied considerably between individuals and surfaces. The amount of total and individual pellicle proteins and the total numbers of bacteria were, however, increased during gingivitis and the increase in proteins was statistically significant on the incisal parts of tooth surfaces. Compared to a healthy gingiva, reduced numbers for Actinomyces spp. (incisal parts only) and streptococci and increased numbers of periodontopathogens in the 4 h dental biofilms were seen at the inflamed gingiva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased gingival crevicular fluid flow during gingivitis affects pellicle formation and increased plasma proteins in the pellicle may modify bacterial attachment and early dental plaque composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Odontology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rüdiger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlén
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Meurman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D000373:Agglutinins / Q000032:analysis; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018441:Biofilms; D044622:Dental Pellicle; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D018720:Prevotella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011392:Proline / Q000032:analysis; D055232:Proline-Rich Protein Domains; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D010455:Peptides; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D005340:Fibrinogen; D011392:Proline; D000681:Amylases