title: Opinion: [on anesthesia for outpatient female sterilization].
abstract: In actual practice, the choice of anesthesia is more likely to be decided by the personal preference of the surgeon or anesthesiologist rather than by considerations of safety.  Most gynecologists in the US and Canada, working in hospitals or surgicenters, choose general anesthesia becaused skilled anesthetists are available, and it is easier for them to operate if their patients are asleep.  Most anesthesiologists prefer it that way also, since their services are being fully utilized.  During residency training, gynecologists need the benefit of general anesthesia to learn surgical techniques.  Because they learned that way, it is the course of least resistance for them to continue to favor general anesthesia.  Thus hundreds of thousands of general anesthetics are given each year to suit the convenience and skills of the gynecologist.  But minilaparotomy or laparoscopy may be performed with fewer potential complications under local anesthesia, provided the patient receives proper counseling and supportive care, and provided the gynecologist's surgical technique is gentle and precise.  Unfortunately, most residency programs do not provide training in such techniques, so they are learned, if at all, during practice years.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Penfield
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003933:Diagnosis; D004724:Endoscopy; D005193:Family Planning Services; D006262:Health; D006282:Health Personnel; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D010808:Physical Examination; D010820:Physicians; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive; D013812:Therapeutics
keywords: Anesthesia--indications; Delivery Of Health Care; Endoscopy; Examinations And Diagnoses; Family Planning; Female Sterilization; Health; Health Personnel; Laparoscopy; Minilaparotomy; Physical Examinations And Diagnoses; Physicians; Sterilization, Sexual; Treatment