title: Reflections on change in science and religion.
abstract: Science and the Catholic church are both conservative, slow-to-change institutions. However, science has institutionalized procedures that ensure that ample amounts of criticism of currently accepted theories and methodologies will always be present. This arrangement of continuous conjectures and refutation in science ensures often slow but steady change. Because supporters often think of religions as trafficking in timeless truths, criticism of church beliefs and practices (even when intended to stimulate reflection and improvement) is frequently seen as being disloyal to the institution. Because of the growing crises caused by world overpopulation, I argue that the Catholic church's opposition to all artificial methods of birth control now lacks whatever moral force it might have had when originally promulgated. By highlighting theological perspectives that might be appropriate for the ecological realities of the 21st century, I hope the church will see the wisdom of reevaluating many of its positions in the light of rapidly approaching ecological imperatives.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D002410:Catholicism; D002835:Christianity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004989:Ethics; D016656:Family Planning Policy; D010684:Philosophy; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012067:Religion
keywords: Carrying Capacity; Catholicism; Christianity; Ethics; Family Planning Policy--religious aspects; Natural Resources; Philosophical Overview; Policy; Population Policy--religious aspects; Population Pressure; Religion; Social Policy