title: Efficacy and safety of balloon-occluded endoscopic injection sclerotherapy as a prophylactic treatment for high-risk gastric fundal varices: a prospective, randomized, comparative clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No single effective method has yet been established for the prophylactic treatment of gastric fundal varices at high risk for bleeding. A prospective, randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of a new technique, balloon-occluded endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (BO-EIS), to balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) for treatment of high-risk gastric fundal varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients with gastric variceal diameters of over 5 mm by color Doppler EUS were randomized to undergo either BO-EIS or B-RTO. All patients underwent color Doppler EUS 2 weeks after treatment and EGD every 3 months for assessment of sclerosing effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gastric varices in all patients except one in the B-RTO group were eradicated with either treatment. The volume of sclerosant used was significantly smaller in patients who underwent BO-EIS (p < 0.05). The endoscopic grade of esophageal varices in 4 of 9 patients worsened after treatment with B-RTO (p < 0.05). The method of randomization used resulted in an uneven distribution of women, although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. When only men were compared, the results of the study were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BO-EIS is a safe and effective for treatment of high-risk gastric fundal varices. In contrast to B-RTO, it can be used even in patients without a gastrorenal shunt.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate Medical School Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Atsusi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; C033343:ethanolamine oleate