title: Time and trajectory of convergence to population stationarity with immigration and low fertility.
abstract: "Recent research aimed at extending classical stable population theory to include immigration has shown that a stationary population is the long-term equilibrium outcome if, starting from any initial configuration, a population is projected forward under conditions of constant below-replacement fertility, constant mortality, and a constant annual number of immigrants whose age-sex composition is also fixed.  This paper addresses two related questions:  (1) What path does the projected population follow on its way to a long-term stationary population equilibrium?  and (2) How long does it take for a stationary population to be achieved?  To answer these questions a formal theory of population dynamics in the below replacement case is developed and then illustrated with a projection of the 1980 U.S. population."
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Espenshade
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005544:Forecasting; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011158:Population Growth; D012106:Research; D012942:Social Sciences; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Americas; Demographic Factors; Demography; Developed Countries; Estimation Technics; Migration; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Growth; Population Projection; Population Size; Population Theory; Research Methodology; Social Sciences; Stable Population; Time Factors; United States