title: Hebrew language usage: determinants and effects on earnings among immigrants in Israel.
abstract: "This paper uses the 1983 Census of Israel to analyze Hebrew speaking skills and the effects of Hebrew fluency on the earnings of adult male immigrants. Hebrew fluency increases with a longer duration in Israel, the presence of children in the household, marrying after immigration, living in an area in which a smaller proportion speak one's mother tongue, a younger age at migration, a higher level of schooling and varies by country of birth. Earnings increase monotonically with the use of Hebrew. Speaking English as a second language is associated with higher earnings, even when country of origin is held constant."
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chiswick
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001208:Asia; D001211:Asia, Western; D003142:Communication; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004522:Educational Status; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D007182:Income; D007557:Israel; D007802:Language; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: Age Factors; Asia; Communication; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Educational Status; Immigrants; Income--determinants; Israel; Language; Macroeconomic Factors; Mediterranean Countries; Migrants; Migration; Origin; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Wages--determinants; Western Asia