title: [Biological characteristics and damaging regularities of grubs endangering the growth of Ophiopogen japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the damage done to Ophiopogen japonicus by grubs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conducting laboratory observation along with field investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grubs endangering the growth of O. japonicus are mainly Hoplosternus incanus, Holotrichina paraullela and Anomala corpulenta, H. incanus takes two years to make a generation and overwinters in the form of second or third-instar larvae. H. parallela and A. corpulenta generate yearly and overwinter in the form of third-instar larvae. The extent of the damage done to O. japonicus by grubs is related to such factors as the number of sequential cropping years, the model of intercropping and the type of soil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention and control of the pest grub should be based primarily on proper agricultural (cultivating) measures.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Nanchuan 408400.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D007300:Insect Control; D031441:Ophiopogon / Q000254:growth & development*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000254:growth & development*; D012621:Seasons