title: Cereal aids fight against diarrhoea.
abstract: Ricewater has been proved to be an effective treatment of diarrhea by investigators at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), who have shown that cereal-based solutions are even more effective than the much publicized mixtures of water, sugar, and salts.  Diarrhea kills 8 or 9 children under the age of 5 every minute, often simply by draining out of them the water and salts the body needs to keep functioning.  Only a few years ago, the conventional treatment for severe cases was a drip of saline fluid into the patients arm through a needle.  But this requires hospital treatment, and few 3rd world children ever see the inside of a hospital.  Recently, "oral rehydration therapy" (ORT)--giving children a carefully measured mix of water, sugar (or pure glucose), and sodium chloride and potassium salts--has gained world recognition as a simple, cheap, and effective treatment.  A village mother can give it in her home, either from a prepackaged powder mixed with water or from solution she mixes herself.  Sugar, or the glucose into which the body converts sugar, continues to be absorbed across the intestinal walls during diarrhea--when the body is absorbing little else.  This process aids the absorption of the all-important salts.  The standard ORT formula for a liter of water calls for 20 g of glucose or 40 g of household sugar.  The newer cereal-based ORT replaces the sugar with rice powder.  Tests have shown that 80-86% of the rice powder is converted into glucose and absorbed.  According to Dr. A. Majid Molloa of ICDDR,B who pioneered the use of rice powder in ORT, 1 liter of rice powder solution is twice as effective as 2 liters of sugar solution.  There are several advantages in using rice powder in ORT.  Rice is the staple food of more than 1/2 the world's population, particularly so where diarrhea is a killer.  It is grown and eaten throughout Asia, and in many parts of Latin America and Africa.  Some rice is usually available in the poorest village homes, whereas sugar may not be.  The rice solution is easy to prepare, and boiling prevents contamination.  The next step is to extend cereal-based ORT to other countries, and to experiment with other cereals, such as wheat, maize, sorghum, and also with potato and casasva.  Indonesia, India, China, and Kenya have already made a beginning in this direction.
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D001459:Bangladesh; D001695:Biology; D003906:Developing Countries; D003967:Diarrhea; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile; D004064:Digestive System; D004194:Disease; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D010827:Physiology; D013812:Therapeutics
keywords: Asia; Bangladesh; Biology; Developing Countries; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile--prevention and control; Diseases; Evaluation; Gastrointestinal Effects; Oral Rehydration--therapeutic use; Physiology; Southern Asia; Treatment