title: Migration in the urban-rural hierarchy of China: insights from the microdata of the 1987 National Survey.
abstract: Microdata from the 1987 National Population Survey are used to analyze internal migration in China in the 1980s. The focus is on the impact of migration policies on rural-urban migration. "There are two main findings. First, although the migration policy resulted in a very low migration level and systematic distortions in migration schedules, its encouragement of downward migrations was very ineffective, whereas its control on rural-to-urban migrations was partially weakened by the strong upward aspirations of rural families awakened by recent economic reform. Consequently, net in-migration contributed substantially to the growth both of city and of town populations. Second, although the level of education had a strong positive effect on the migration propensities both of males and of females in general, it had a strong negative effect on the migration propensities of females at the time of marriage, a finding which suggests that the families at subsistence income level tended to marry their daughters to grooms in other communities in order to reduce the risk of familial income shortfalls."
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D002681:China; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004522:Educational Status; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D008393:Marriage; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Asia; China; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Eastern Asia; Economic Factors; Educational Status; Marriage; Migration; Migration Policy; Migration, Internal; Nuptiality; Policy; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Policy; Rural-urban Migration; Social Policy; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status