title: Randomised controlled trial of reflexology for menopausal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical experience suggests that reflexology may have beneficial effects on the symptoms occurring in menopausal women, particularly psychological symptoms. This study aims to examine that effect rigorously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms.
  
  
  METHODS
  School of Complementary Health in Exeter, Devon, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six women, aged between 45 and 60 years, reporting menopausal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were randomised to receive nine sessions of either reflexology or nonspecific foot massage (control) by four qualified reflexologists given over a period of 19 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), the primary measures being the subscores for anxiety and depression. Severity (visual analogue scale, VAS) and frequency of flushes and night sweats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) scores for anxiety fell from 0.43 (0.29) to 0.22 (0.25) in the reflexology group and from 0.37 (0.27) to 0.27 (0.29) in the control group over the course of treatment. Mean (SD) scores for depression fell from 0.37 (0.25) to 0.20 (0.24) in the reflexology group and from 0.36 (0.23) to 0.20 (0.21) in the control (foot massage) group over the same period. For both scores there was strong evidence of a time effect (P < 0.001) but no evidence of a time-group interaction (P > 0.2). Similar changes were found for severity of hot flushes and night sweats. In the control group, 14/37 believed they had not received true reflexology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot reflexology was not shown to be more effective than non-specific foot massage in the treatment of psychological symptoms occurring during the menopause.
authors.affiliation: School of Complementary Health, Exeter, UK.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Edzard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003863:Depression / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D008593:Menopause / Q000523:psychology*; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating; D016387:Women's Health