title: Do S100beta protein level increases due to inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass occur without any neurological deficit?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100beta protein level correlates with the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic crossclamp times, but is different during pulsatile and nonpulsatile CPB. In this study, we investigated the time course of the release of S100beta protein during and after pulsatile and nonpulsatile CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study. Twenty patients had open-heart surgery with pulsatile flow and 20 with nonpulsatile flow. We compared complement proteins, interleukins, white blood cells and S100beta protein before the initiation of CPB, immediately prior to aortic crossclamping, following unclamping, and at postoperative 1st and 24th hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pulsatile CPB group following aortic unclamping, S100beta protein (p = 0.028) and C3a (p = 0.011) levels were significantly lower than those of the nonpulsatile group. In the pulsatile CPB group at postoperative first hour, C3a level (p = 0.018) and absolute neutrophil count (p = 0.034) were significantly lower than those of the nonpulsatile group. None of the patients developed a neurological deficit and all of the patients survived after the operation and were discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During CPB, serum S100beta protein level increases and this increase is higher in the nonpulsatile group. High serum level of S100beta protein is associated with increased levels of serum inflammatory mediators and systemic inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ozatik
authors.forename: Onurcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tarcan
authors.forename: Arzum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Göktan A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Aşkin
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Undar
authors.forename: Deniz Süha
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Küçükaksu
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taşdemir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007700:Kinetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D015926:Complement C3a