title: Quantification of mitral regurgitation orifice area by 3-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with effective regurgitant orifice area by PISA method and proximal regurgitant jet diameter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) by 3-dimensional (3D) echo has generally been performed by reconstruction of Doppler regurgitant jets but there are little data on measuring anatomic regurgitant orifice area (AROA) directly from 3D mitral valve (MV) reconstructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transoesophageal echo (TOE) 3D images were acquired from 38 unselected patients (age 59+/-11 years, ten in atrial fibrillation) with various degrees of MR. In all patients MV was reconstructed en face from the left atrium (LA) and the left ventricle (LV). AROA was measured by planimetry from 3D pictures and compared to the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) by proximal isovelocity surface area and proximal MR jet width from 2D echo. AROA was measured in 95% of patients from LA, 89% from LV and in 84% from both LA and LV. Good correlation was found between EROA and AROA measured from both LA (r=0.97, P<0.0001) and LV (r=0.87, P<0.0001). The mean difference between LA-AROA and EROA was -3.01+/-6.12 mm(2) and -7.18+/-13.84 mm(2) for LV-AROA (P<0.01, respectively). An acceptable correlation was found between the proximal MR jet width and AROA from LA (r=0.71, P<0.0001) and LV perspective (r=0.68, P<0.0001). AROA>or=25 mm(2) differentiated mild MR (graded 1-2) from moderately severe (graded 3-4) with 80-90% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D TOE provides important quantitative information on both the mechanism and the severity of MR in an unselected group of patients. AROA enables quantification of MR with excellent agreement with the accepted clinical method of proximal flow convergence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Echocardiography, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. aleklange@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burstow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012044:Regression Analysis