title: Effects of decreasing endotracheal tube cuff pressures during neck retraction for anterior cervical spine surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to determine whether the incidence of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia associated with anterior spine surgery is reduced by maintaining endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETCP) at 20 mm Hg during the period of neck retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients scheduled for anterior cervical spine surgery were enrolled. After intubation, ETCP was adjusted to 20 mm Hg in all patients. Following placement of neck retractors, ETCP was measured. Patients were randomized to a control (no adjustment) or treatment group (ETCP adjusted to 20 mm Hg). A blinded observer questioned the patients about the presence of sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 1 week postoperatively. No differences between groups at 1 hour postoperatively were demonstrated. At 24 hours, 51% of patients in the treatment group complained of sore throat compared with 74% of control patients (p < 0.05). Sixty-five percent of the women experienced sore throat compared with 35% of the men (p < 0.05). At 24 hours, longer retraction time correlated with development of dysphagia (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.61). At 24 hours, hoarseness was present in 65% of women and 20% of men (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest the following three predictors of postoperative throat discomfort following anterior cervical spine surgery in which neck retraction is performed: increased ETCP during neck retraction (sore throat), neck retraction time (dysphagia), and female sex (sore throat and hoarseness). The simple maneuver of decreasing ETCP to 20 mm Hg may be helpful in improving patient comfort following anterior cervical spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Jebadurai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratnaraj
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todorov
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauryssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014132:Trachea / Q000098:blood supply