title: Pertinent considerations in preterm infant management.
abstract: Urgent demands made on the ill-equipped developing organ-systems of the preterm newborn to adapt to an extrauterine independent existence lead to the specific clinical problems seen.  The degree and severity of these adaptive adjustment changes may be influenced by obstetric and environmental factors which could either precipitate or aggravate some of these problems.  The management of the preterm newborn soon after delivery can thus be competently achieved by an anticipatory team approach involving the obstetrician, pediatrician (neonatologist) and nursing personnel.  A predelivery decision-making process would involve the issue of when and how to deliver, the assessment of pulmonary maturity and use of steroids to accelerate pulmonary maturation.  Immediate management at birth centers on cardio-pulmonary resuscitstion and prophylaxis against cooling.  Following this, respiratory, hematalogic, renal cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and metabolic adaptative disorders must be anticipitated and overcome.  Continuing care demands continuous electronic monitoring of vital signs, clinical monitoring and vigilance to provide adequate fluids and nutrients along with a consideration to allow considerate patient-infant bonding.  Aversion of measures which are believed to contribute to sequelae such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retrolental fibroplasia and neurologic and intellectual impairment are also crucial issues.  Follow-up is thus mandatory.  The costs of all these in skilled manpower and economic terms are expectedly high.  These challenges have proven to be exciting and the results rewarding.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kader
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001519:Behavior; D001769:Blood; D003657:Decision Making; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D003710:Demography; D003933:Diagnosis; D004064:Digestive System; D004467:Economics; D006262:Health; D006282:Health Personnel; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006296:Health Services; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D007223:Infant; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D008430:Maternal-Child Health Centers; D008511:Medicine; D008660:Metabolism; D009726:Nurses; D010820:Physicians; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011315:Preventive Medicine; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011584:Psychology; D012098:Reproduction
keywords: Age Factors; Behavior; Decision Making; Delivery; Delivery Of Health Care; Demographic Factors; Economic Factors; Examinations And Diagnoses; Gastrointestinal Effects; Health; Health Personnel; Health Services; Hematological Effects; Infant; Infant, Premature; Maternal Health Services; Maternal-child Health Services; Medicine; Metabolic Effects; Needs; Nurses; Physicians; Population; Population Characteristics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcomes; Preventive Medicine; Primary Health Care; Psychological Factors; Recommendations; Reproduction; Youth