title: Hematological changes among Chinese workers with a broad range of benzene exposures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression of peripheral blood cells is a well-known indicator of benzene hematotoxicity. Previous studies of its effects on specific types of blood cells have yielded inconsistent results. We examine hematological findings and their possible relations with exposure markers validated in a recent biomarker project conducted in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Personal benzene exposures were sampled with 3-M organic vapor monitors, and analyzed by gas chromatography. The peripheral blood cells were counted by a cell counter. The WBC differential was manually counted on a total of 900 cells by a US commercial laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 130 exposed workers and 51 age- and gender-matched unexposed subjects were recruited in this study. Benzene exposure levels monitored on the day of biological sample collection for exposed workers ranged from 0.06 to 122 ppm. Their 4-week average and cumulative benzene exposure levels were 0.08-54.5 ppm and 6.1-623.2 ppm-years, respectively. Significant decreases of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and neutrophils were observed and correlated with both personal benzene exposures and levels of urinary metabolites (S-phenylmercapuric acid and t,t-muconic acid) and albumin adducts of benzene oxide and 1,4-benzeoquinone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The depressions in RBC, WBC, and neutrophils observed in this study are not only exposure dependent, but also significantly different in the lowest exposed group (at or below 0.25 ppm) compared with unexposed subjects. The results of the present study appear to suggest that lymphocytes may not be more sensitive to chronic benzene exposure than neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA. qingshan@env.med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Guilan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ximei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Lung Chi
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Assieh A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Melikian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eastmond
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rappaport
authors.forename: Songnian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Heyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Suramya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waidyanatha
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ruidong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Keqi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001554:Benzene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001554:Benzene