title: In vitro EROD induction equivalency factors for the 10 PAHs generally monitored in risk assessment studies in The Netherlands.
abstract: The ethoxy resorufin dealkylase (EROD) inducing potency of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is measured in the H4IIE in vitro bioassay and the results are compared to those reported in literature. The selected PAHs varied considerably in their potency to induce EROD activity. Anthracene (Ant) and phenanthrene (Phe) showed consistently no response. Naphthalene (Nap) showed no or a very weak response on EROD activity. Fluoranthene (Fla) and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) showed weak responses at the highest doses. The other PAHs, including indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chr) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), showed full bell shaped dose-response curves. BaP EROD induction equivalency factors (BaP-1EF) were calculated and increased in the order Ant approximately Phe < Fla < Nap < BghiP < IP < BaA < BaP < Chr < BkF. Comparison of BaP-IEFs based on 50% effect concentration (EC50) or lowest effect concentration (LEC), yielded a significant relationship between both methods described by the equation log(BaPIEF(EC50) = 0.55 x log(BaPIEF(LEC)) + 0.07 (r2 = 0.913). BaP-IEFs as derived from our measurements and as reported in literature and measured in other in vitro assays deviated up to a factor of 17 among the different studies, but the potency rankings were comparable. For the PAH mixture as on average present in the human diet an overall tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-IEF of 1 x 10(-4) was estimated. The total PAH based TCDD induction equivalents (IEQ) intake then was calculated 300 pg/day, which is approximately 2 times higher then the PHAH based TCDD-EQ intake reported for humans.
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands. a.t.c.bosveld@alterra.wag-ur.nl
authors.forename: Albertus T C
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bosveld
authors.forename: Paul A F
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Nico W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.forename: Hester
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jongepier
authors.forename: Anette V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Klomp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009426:Netherlands; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1