title: The index of pulmonary vascular disease in children with congenital heart disease: relationship to clinical and haemodynamic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We asked whether a scoring system [index of pulmonary vascular disease (IPVD)] that quantifies the individual pulmonary vascular pathology would relate to postoperative survival in patients with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung biopsy specimens from 28 patients at a median age of 6 months (1 month to 21 years) were analysed qualitatively and morphometrically. The IPVD and other morphometric parameters were related to haemodynamic findings and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was 44 mmHg (15-72 mmHg), and the resistance to pulmonary perfusion was 5 U x m(2) (0.9-14 U x m(2)). There were three early (in-hospital) and three late deaths during the follow-up period of 2.5 years (6 months to 7 years). Incipient plexiform lesions were observed in one infant with trisomy 21 and complete atrioventricular septal defect (cAVSD). An IPVD score above the upper critical limit (>2.2) was not observed during the first year of life. On discriminant analysis, morphometric parameters could not predict mortality ( P=0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IPVD is not helpful to predict surgical mortality during the first year of life. Patients with trisomy 21 and cAVSD may show advanced pulmonary vascular disease in infancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, INF 153, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. Matthias_Gorenflo@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorenflo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sebening
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brockmeier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schnabel
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies