title: Inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed in synovial fluid granulocytes.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the NO-producing potential of synovial fluid (SF) cells. SF from 15 patients with arthritis was compared with blood from the same individuals and with blood from 10 healthy controls. Cellular expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analysed by flow cytometry. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure l-arginine and l-citrulline. Nitrite and nitrate were measured colourimetrically utilizing the Griess' reaction. Compared to whole blood granulocytes in patients with chronic arthritis, a prominent iNOS expression was observed in SF granulocytes (P < 0.001). A slight, but statistically significant, increase in iNOS expression was also recorded in lymphocytes and monocytes from SF. l-arginine was elevated in SF compared to serum (257 +/- 78 versus 176 +/- 65 micro mol/l, P = 0.008), whereas a slight increase in l-citrulline (33 +/- 11 versus 26 +/- 9 micro mol/l), did not reach statistical significance. Great variations but no significant differences were observed comparing serum and SF levels of nitrite and nitrate, respectively, although the sum of nitrite and nitrate tended to be elevated in SF (19.2 +/- 20.7 versus 8.6 +/- 6.5 micro mol/l, P = 0.054). Synovial fluid leucocytes, in particular granulocytes, express iNOS and may thus contribute to intra-articular NO production in arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and the Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden. jan.cedergren@lio.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cedergren
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forslund
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sundqvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skogh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000032:analysis; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002956:Citrulline / Q000032:analysis; D003124:Colorimetry; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D002956:Citrulline; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II