Structure, expression, and developmental function of early divergent forms of metalloproteinases in hydra.
Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processes ranging from the breakdown of extracellular matrix to the processing of signal transduction-related proteins. These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states. Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution. In this regard, studies from various laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra, a member of Cnidaria, the second oldest of existing animal phyla. These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1) astacin class, 2) matrix metalloproteinase class, and 3) neprilysin class. Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and cell differentiation as well as specialized functions in adult polyps. This article will review the structure, expression, and function of these metalloproteinases in hydra.
Sarras
Michael P
MP
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City 66160-7400, USA. msarras@kumc.edu
Yan
Li
L
Leontovich
Alexey
A
Zhang
Jin Song
JS
D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006829:Hydra / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009024:Morphogenesis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C071288:astacin; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes