title: Number of levels needed for diagnosis of cervical biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three levels of histologic sections are routinely prepared for small biopsies in many surgical pathology laboratories. The first level is superficial and may not be representative of the entire biopsy, and may therefore represent wasted resources and time for technologists and pathologists alike.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if disposing of the first of 3 standard levels materially affects the diagnosis of cervical biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed levels 2 and 3 of 241 cervical biopsies and compared the review diagnosis with the original diagnosis, using 6 diagnostic categories: I, benign lesions; II, human papillomavirus-associated changes or low-grade dysplasia; III, high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ; IV, invasive carcinoma; V, insufficient tissue for diagnosis; and VI, further workup needed. If there was a discrepancy between the original and review diagnostic categories, then we examined level 1 to determine if this would resolve the disagreement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surgical pathology laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing cervical biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency with which level 1 information changed the diagnostic category determined with levels 2 and 3 only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After review of levels 2 and 3, the diagnosis in 42 (17%) of 241 cases was in disagreement with the original diagnosis. Upon review of level 1, the review category was changed to that of the original diagnosis in only one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first of 3 levels contributed little to reaching a diagnosis in these cervical biopsies. Control of interobserver variation would seem to be superior to preparation of additional levels as a strategy for reducing diagnostic error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Yehung Vivian
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Prihoda
authors.forename: Francis E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Sharkey
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010340:Pathology, Surgical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000473:pathology*