title: Protease-activated receptor-1-mediated DNA synthesis in cardiac fibroblast is via epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation: distinct PAR-1 signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Proteases elaborated by inflammatory cells in the heart would be expected to drive cardiac fibroblasts to proliferate, but protease-activated receptor (PAR) function in cardiac fibroblasts has never been considered. This study demonstrates that PAR-1 is the only known PAR family member functionally expressed by cardiac fibroblasts and that PAR-1 activation by thrombin leads to increased DNA synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts. The increase in DNA synthesis induced by PAR-1 substantially exceeds the effects of other G protein-coupled receptor agonists in this cell type. PAR-1 stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and mobilizes intracellular calcium via pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive and PTX-insensitive pathways. Activation of PAR-1 leads to an increase in Src, Fyn, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, with EGFR receptor transactivation by Src family kinases the major mechanism for PAR-1-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and protein kinase B. Activation of PAR-1 also leads to an increase in DNA synthesis. PAR-1 signaling is highly contextual in nature, inasmuch as PAR-1 activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase and only weakly stimulates protein kinase B via a pathway that does not involve EGFR transactivation in cardiomyocytes. PAR-1 responses in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes are predicted to contribute importantly to remodeling during cardiac injury and/or inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sabri
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Jianfen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; C082835:thrombin receptor peptide (42-47); D004247:DNA; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013917:Thrombin