title: Acute pleuropulmonary complications detected by computed tomography following myocardial revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleuropulmonary changes are common following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery performed with a saphenous vein graft, with or without an internal mammary artery. The presence of atelectasis or pleural effusions reflects the thoracic trauma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the postoperative incidence of changes in the lung and in the pleural space and to evaluate the influence of the trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (8 saphenous vein grafts and 22 saphenous vein grafts and internal mammary artery grafts with pleurotomy). Chest tubes in the left pleural space were used in all internal mammary artery patients. On the second (day 2) and seventh (day 7) postoperative day, patients underwent a computed tomography, and pleural effusions were rated as follows: grade 0 = no fluid to grade 4 = fluid in more than 75% of the hemithorax. Atelectasis was rated as follows: laminar = 1, segmental = 3, and lobar = 10 points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had pleural effusion or atelectasis. Between day 2 and day 7, the number of patients with effusions or atelectasis on the right side decreased (P < 0.05). The incidence of effusions on day 2 in the saphenous vein graft group (87.5%) was higher (P < 0.05) than in the internal mammary artery group (52.3%). The incidence of atelectasis in the lower right lobe decreased (P < 0.05) from 86.7% (day 2) to 26.7% (day 7). The degree of atelectasis in both sides did not differ on day 2 (P = 0.42) but did on day 7 (P < 0.0001). There was a decrease in the atelectasis from day 2 to day 7 on the right side (P < 0.001), but not on the left (P = 0.21). On day 2 there was a relationship between atelectasis and effusion on the right (P = 0.04), but not on the left (P = 0.113).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present series demonstrates that there is a high incidence of both minimal pleural effusion and atelectasis after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, which drops on the right side from day 2 to day 7 post surgery. Factors that contribute to the persistence of changes on the left side include the thoracic trauma and the presence of chest tubes and pericardial effusion.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Kiyomi K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Uezumi
authors.forename: Fabio B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Janete
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terra-Filho
authors.forename: Whady
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hueb
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cukier
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed