title: Desogestrel-ethinylestradiol, an oral monophasic contraceptive. Clinical and lipid metabolic effects: a 5-year experience.
abstract: A comparative study of 5 years' duration using desogestrel (DSG), levonorgestrel (LN), and norethindrone (NET), combined with ethinyl estradiol (EE), was conducted.  A total of 4499 cycles on DSG-EE, 3691 on LN-EE (1980 on triphasic and 1711 on monophasic schemes) and 1680 on NET-EE was evaluated.  A contraceptive efficacy of 100% was obtained in all the groups.  Minimal side effects were observed.  In particular, body weight in those women on DSG-EE did not show noticeable changes and headaches were minimal.  No alterations on blood pressure readings or on the routine laboratory tests were noticed in any of the groups.  There was a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-c (HDL-c) in women on DSG-EE.  There was no change in NET-EE, and a significant decrease in women on LN-EE in both schemes.  Changes in LDL-C, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, total lipids, total cholesterol, and glucose were not significant, although there was some increase at 60 cycles on triglycerides on those women on DSG-EE and on NET-EE.  At the end of 5 years, 76% of women continued on DSG-EE.  They indicated their satisfaction with this method.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rubio-lotvin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ruiz-moreno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-ansorena
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D001695:Biology; D001769:Blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003267:Contraception; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003906:Developing Countries; D003933:Diagnosis; D004194:Disease; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005193:Family Planning Services; D006470:Hemorrhage; D007843:Latin America; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D008055:Lipids; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008598:Menstruation; D008796:Metrorrhagia; D008800:Mexico; D009640:Norethindrone; D009656:North America; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010827:Physiology; D012098:Reproduction; D012106:Research; D012816:Signs and Symptoms
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D008055:Lipids; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D009640:Norethindrone
keywords: Americas; Biology; Bleeding; Blood Pressure--statistics; Body Weight--statistics; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Comparative Studies; Contraception; Contraception Continuation; Contraception Termination--indications; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Contraceptive Agents, Progestin; Contraceptive Effectiveness; Contraceptive Methods--side effects; Contraceptive Usage; Developing Countries; Diseases; Ethinyl Estradiol; Examinations And Diagnoses; Family Planning; Hemic System; Laboratory Examinations And Diagnoses; Latin America; Levonorgestrel; Lipid Metabolic Effects; Lipids--analysis; Menstrual Cycle--changes; Menstruation; Method Acceptability; Metrorrhagia--statistics; Mexico; Norethindrone; North America; Oral Contraceptives, Combined--side effects; Oral Contraceptives--side effects; Physiology; Reproduction; Research Methodology; Signs And Symptoms; Studies; Use-effectiveness