title: Migraine and cognitive function: a life-course study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between migraine and cognitive ability among members of a longitudinal birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Headache status was determined at age 26 (migraine, tension-type headache [TTH], headache-free control subjects) according to International Headache Society criteria, and data relating to cognitive and academic performance from ages 3 to 26 years were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study members diagnosed with migraine were subtly but significantly impaired, compared with those with TTH and headache-free control subjects, on tests of verbal ability (especially language reception) from ages 3 to 13, independent of headache history. Performance on other tasks, including reading, arithmetic, motor, and spatial ability, was normal. The association between migraine and verbal functioning also appeared to impact on later academic success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that the poorer verbal performance was unlikely to have resulted from cumulative attacks and may be due to developmental factors beginning in utero.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. k.waldie@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Waldie
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007802:Language; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology