title: Environmental concerns and international migration.
abstract: "This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to conceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship.  Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed."
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hugo
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D004190:Disasters; D004463:Ecology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004777:Environment; D004989:Ethics; D006806:Human Rights; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012036:Refugees; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: Demographic Factors; Demographic Impact; Developing Countries; Ecology; Environment; Environmental Degradation; Environmental Policy; Ethics; Human Rights; International Migration; International Migration--determinants; Migrants; Migration; Migration Policy; Natural Disaster; Policy; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Policy; Refugees; Social Policy; World