Structure-based design of a potent purine-based cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.
Aberrant control of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is a central feature of the molecular pathology of cancer. Iterative structure-based design was used to optimize the ATP- competitive inhibition of CDK1 and CDK2 by O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanines, resulting in O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino)purine. The new inhibitor is 1,000-fold more potent than the parent compound (K(i) values for CDK1 = 9 nM and CDK2 = 6 nM versus 5,000 nM and 12,000 nM, respectively, for O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine). The increased potency arises primarily from the formation of two additional hydrogen bonds between the inhibitor and Asp 86 of CDK2, which facilitate optimum hydrophobic packing of the anilino group with the specificity surface of CDK2. Cellular studies with O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino) purine demonstrated inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth and target protein phosphorylation, consistent with CDK1 and CDK2 inhibition. The work represents the first successful iterative synthesis of a potent CDK inhibitor based on the structure of fully activated CDK2-cyclin A. Furthermore, the potency of O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino)purine was both predicted and fully rationalized on the basis of protein-ligand interactions.
Davies
Thomas G
TG
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
Bentley
Johanne
J
Arris
Christine E
CE
Boyle
F Thomas
FT
Curtin
Nicola J
NJ
Endicott
Jane A
JA
Gibson
Ashleigh E
AE
Golding
Bernard T
BT
Griffin
Roger J
RJ
Hardcastle
Ian R
IR
Jewsbury
Philip
P
Johnson
Louise N
LN
Mesguiche
Veronique
V
Newell
David R
DR
Noble
Martin E M
ME
Tucker
Julie A
JA
Wang
Lan
L
Whitfield
Hayley J
HJ
D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D019925:Cyclin A; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C466913:NU2058; C466914:NU6102; D011687:Purines; D006147:Guanine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases