title: U.S. North-South labor migration and trade.
abstract: The authors examine the roles of labor migration and commodity trade in the inter-regional equalization of the real wage rate in the United States.  The emphasis is on North-South patterns.  Theoretical models are first outlined and then tested using 1960 and 1970 census data and multi-regional input-output data for 1963.  It is found that "the pattern of trade-embodied labor flow closely resembled the pattern of direct labor migration."  It is also noted that "the South's hierarchical profile of relative plentifulness among age, education, and race-specific categories of work force tended to persist and remain fairly stable between 1960 and 1970.... One plausible hypothesis is that interregional commodity trade is accomplishing the bulk of the requisite adjustment in bringing about the real wage equalization."
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiba
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000569:Americas; D003132:Commerce; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004522:Educational Status; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D005006:Ethnicity; D005843:Geography; D006280:Health Workforce; D018803:Models, Economic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012106:Research; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D014481:United States
keywords: Age Factors; Americas; Commerce; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Economic Model; Educational Status; Ethnic Groups; Geographic Factors; Human Resources; Labor Force; Macroeconomic Factors; Migration; Migration, Internal; Models, Theoretical; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Dynamics; Research Methodology; United States; Wages