title: Cytoplasmic relocalization and inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) by PKB/Akt-mediated phosphorylation in breast cancer.
abstract: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) is a putative tumor suppressor for human cancer. The mechanism underlying p27(kip1) deregulation in human cancer is, however, poorly understood. We demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase Akt regulates cell proliferation in breast cancer cells by preventing p27(kip1)-mediated growth arrest. Threonine 157 (T157), which maps within the nuclear localization signal of p27(kip1), is a predicted Akt-phosphorylation site. Akt-induced T157 phosphorylation causes retention of p27(kip1) in the cytoplasm, precluding p27(kip1)-induced G1 arrest. Conversely, the p27(kip1)-T157A mutant accumulates in cell nuclei and Akt does not affect p27(kip1)-T157A-mediated cell cycle arrest. Lastly, T157-phosphorylated p27(kip1) accumulates in the cytoplasm of primary human breast cancer cells coincident with Akt activation. Thus, cytoplasmic relocalization of p27(kip1), secondary to Akt-mediated phosphorylation, is a novel mechanism whereby the growth inhibitory properties of p27(kip1) are functionally inactivated and the proliferation of breast cancer cells is sustained.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Naples, Italy. viglietto@sun.ceos.na.cnr.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viglietto
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Motti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Rosa Marina
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Melillo
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Califano
authors.forename: Floriana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiappetta
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsichlis
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellacosa
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D013912:Threonine; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C494918:AKT1 protein, human