title: Inhibition of amyloid fibril formation of human amylin by N-alkylated amino acid and alpha-hydroxy acid residue containing peptides.
abstract: Amyloid deposits are formed as a result of uncontrolled aggregation of (poly)peptides or proteins. Today several diseases are known, for example Alzheimer's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, mad cow disease, in which amyloid formation is involved. Amyloid fibrils are large aggregates of beta-pleated sheets and here a general method is described to introduce molecular mutations in order to achieve disruption of beta-sheet formation. Eight backbone-modified amylin derivatives, an amyloidogenic peptide involved in maturity onset diabetes, were synthesized. Their beta-sheet forming properties were studied by IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Modification of a crucial amide NH by an alkyl chain led to a complete loss of the beta-sheet forming capacity of amylin. The resulting molecular mutated amylin derivative could be used to break the beta-sheet thus retarding beta-sheet formation of unmodified amylin. Moreover, it was found that the replacement of this amide bond by an ester moiety suppressed fibrillogenesis significantly. Introduction of N-alkylated amino acids and/or ester functionalities-leading to depsipeptides-into amyloidogenic peptides opens new avenues towards novel peptidic beta-sheet breakers for inhibition of beta-amyloid aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk T S
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Rijkers
authors.forename: Jo W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Höppener
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Posthuma
authors.forename: Cornelis J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lips
authors.forename: Rob M J
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Liskamp
mesh_terms: D000478:Alkylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000682:Amyloid; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D010455:Peptides