title: Diurnal variations in coagulation and fibrinolysis in vital exhaustion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vital exhaustion (VE) predicts a first myocardial infarction (MI) and new cardiac events after a coronary angioplasty. To explore potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, we tested whether VE is associated with more pronounced diurnal variations in hemostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was drawn from 29 VE and 30 control males, all healthy and nonsmokers, to assess hemostatic measures at 7:00 AM and 6:00 PM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measures of fibrinolysis were in their normal range and showed significant diurnal variations. These variations were more pronounced in VE as all fibrinolytic measures were significantly higher in VE at 7:00 AM and similar to those of controls at 6:00 PM, thus supporting our hypothesis with respect to fibrinolysis. Diurnal decreases in tPA and tPA-PAI ranged from 1.5 (VE) to 1.3 (controls), whereas the diurnal decrease in PAI-1 was more than fourfold in VE and 2.7-fold in controls. This suggests a decreased fibrinolytic capacity in VE during the early morning. All coagulation measures were in their normal range, and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and activated factor VII showed significant diurnal variations. These variations were similar in VE and control individuals, thus not supporting our hypothesis with respect to coagulation. Finally, F1+2 and fibrinogen were both significantly higher throughout the day in VE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VE is associated with decreased early morning fibrinolysis and increased fibrinogen levels throughout the day. These hemostatic changes may promote thrombus formation and provide a potential pathophysiological mechanism by which VE is related to MI and its circadian variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. rob.vandiest@pn.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Diest
authors.forename: Karly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamulyák
authors.forename: Willem J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kop
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Zandvoort
authors.forename: Ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Appels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D005167:Factor VII; D005169:Factor VIII; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase