title: Different mechanisms are utilized by HIV-1 Nef and staphylococcal enterotoxin A to control and regulate interleukin-10 production.
abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays an important immunopathogenic role in immunologic diseases, especially in HIV infection and atopic dermatitis. The control and regulatory mechanisms of IL-10 production have not been described in these diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that HIV-1 Nef induces IL-10 production in monocytes and that staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) induces IL-10 production in T-lymphocytes. Here we show that Nef-induced IL-10 production and mRNA expression are strongly blocked by rapamycin, but are not blocked by cyclosporin (CsA) or FK506. Conversely, we show that CsA and FK506 completely inhibit SEA-induced IL-10 protein production and mRNA expression. The results of this study demonstrate that IL-10 production by Nef and SEA is controlled and regulated by different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, All Children's Hospital, 801 Sixth Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
authors.forename: Nutthapong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tangsinmankong
authors.forename: Noorbibi K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D016753:Interleukin-10; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus