title: Insig-2, a second endoplasmic reticulum protein that binds SCAP and blocks export of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins.
abstract: This paper describes insig-2, a second protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that blocks the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) by binding to SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein) in a sterol-regulated fashion, thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. By blocking this movement, insig-2, like the previously described insig-1, prevents the proteolytic processing of SREBPs by Golgi enzymes, thereby blocking cholesterol synthesis. The sequences of human insig-1 and -2 are 59% identical. Both proteins are predicted to contain six transmembrane helices. The proteins differ functionally in two respects: (i) production of insig-1, but not insig-2, in cultured mammalian cells requires nuclear SREBPs; and (ii) at high levels of expression, insig-1, but not insig-2, can block SCAP movement in the absence of exogenous sterols. The combined actions of insig-1 and -2 permit feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis over a wide range of sterol concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C467727:INSIG2 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C102196:SREBP cleavage-activating protein; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002784:Cholesterol