title: Moulds in housing: visual inspection and spore counts comparison--implications for future strategies in the public health setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Among the problems of health related to living conditions presented to a public consulting centre for environmental medicine in Vienna, the main point at issue was damp housing and mould growth. On answering this demand indoor exposure to fungal spores was identified by visual semi-quantitative assessment of fungal growth on the one hand and quantitative measurement of viable spores on the other hand. The validity and practicability of this approach was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied these two simple methods in a standardised form and compared the results in a field study, which has been conducted between 1995 and 1999. In 197 rooms in Viennese flats (183 of which were claimed to be "mouldy") fungal spore concentrations were measured by RCS-impactor and Rose-Bengal-agar. Outdoor measurements were taken simultaneously outside the buildings and were used for reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent classification of visible growth of mould in flats correlated significantly (r = 0.635; p < 0.0001) with the ratio of indoor/ outdoor concentration of fungal spores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is usually possible to classify the severity of the problem just by local inspection. Visible plaques should always be an indication for sanitary measures. However, spore counting is indicated for quantifying health relevant exposures, for scientific comparisons and in documentation and follow up such as for litigation purposes. Quantitative data bear more credibility and so help to prove the need of sanitation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vienna, Department of Occupational and Social Health, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. hans-peter.hutter@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moshammer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuberger
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D001317:Austria; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity / Q000009:adverse effects; D013172:Spores, Fungal
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants