title: Interferon-gamma-induced apoptosis and activation of THP-1 macrophages.
abstract: Apoptotic macrophages are frequently observed in human atherosclerotic lesions, and are considered to be involved in plaque instability in atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanism that promotes programmed cell death of macrophages in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine secreted by activated T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes, on apoptotic cell death of THP-1 macrophages. Further we studied whether these apoptotic macrophages could be simultaneously activated in vitro and subsequently overgenerate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). When THP-1 macrophages were cultured with various concentrations of IFN-gamma, DNA synthesis was significantly decreased. IFN-gamma was found significantly to induce apoptotic cell death in THP-1 macrophages. RNase protection assay revealed that IFN-gamma up-regulated the mRNA levels of two pro-apoptotic molecules, tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) and caspase-8, in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, TNF-alpha antibodies were found completely to neutralize the IFN-gamma-induced inhibition in DNA synthesis as well as apoptotic cell death in macrophages. IFN-gamma was found to activate these macrophages to stimulate MCP-1 production. The results suggest that IFN-gamma not only exerted apoptotic effects on macrophages, but also activated them and subsequently overgenerated MCP-1, and was thus involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Kohachiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Zenji
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Makita
mesh_terms: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases