title: Assessment of the cervix in the third trimester of pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound scanning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of a technique for examining physical characteristics of the uterine cervix in the third trimester of pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound scanning (TVS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six women of over 27-week-gestation underwent TVS of the cervix using a Toshiba 140 scanner with a 6 MHz probe. Twenty were scanned once and 14 women twice by the same operator, and another 12 women by two different operators. Measurements of cervical length, including length and width and opening of the internal os were taken from hardcopy images. Of the 26 women scanned twice, sets of images were analysed by a blinded single observer. Of the 20 women scanned once, measurements from the hardcopy images were taken by two blinded observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference in measurement of the distance from the tip of the cervix to foetal head was 2.3mm for two hardcopy image observers,-1.96mm for two scans by the same operator and -1.52 mm for two scanners. Corresponding differences in width of opening of the internal os were 1.8, 0.44 and 0.32 mm, respectively. Interpretation of two images taken on each occasion gave similar results to those taken from three or more images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method of obtaining TVS measurements from the cervix from hardcopy images that has satisfactory intra- and inter-observer error. It remains to be established whether this method will be better than Bishop score in predicting the outcome of induced or spontaneous labour. The technique appears to be suited for use in multicentre trials of TVS of the cervix at term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazanakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brockbank
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Economides
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography