title: Cross-national models of fertility, family planning, and development: testing for reciprocal effects.
abstract: Cross-national models of fertility, family planning, and development commonly assume that there are no reciprocal effect between fertility and other variables in the model and that when path models are used, there are no reciprocal or nonrecursive effects among any set of variables in the model.  The present study tests for nonrecursiveness using 2-wave panel data, and finds that nonrecursive effects are present among variables commonly used in model of fertility, family planning, and development.  In addition, the pattern of relationships found has implications for the explanation of the relationship between mortality and fertility in demographic transition theory.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menard
mesh_terms: D001723:Birth Rate; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003710:Demography; D004467:Economics; D004522:Educational Status; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005298:Fertility; D005843:Geography; D006285:Health Planning; D007226:Infant Mortality; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008136:Longevity; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009026:Mortality; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012106:Research; D012922:Social Change; D012923:Social Class; D012942:Social Sciences; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014505:Urban Population; D014507:Urbanization
keywords: Birth Rate; Comparative Studies; Cross-cultural Comparisons; Data Analysis; Demographic Factors; Demographic Transition; Demography; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Educational Status--women; Family Planning; Family Planning Programs; Fertility; Fertility Measurements; Fertility Rate; Geographic Factors; Infant Mortality; Length Of Life; Life Expectancy; Models, Theoretical; Mortality; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Theory; Research Methodology; Social Development; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Spatial Distribution; Statistical Regression; Studies; Theoretical Studies; Urban Spatial Distribution; Urbanization