title: The two GAF domains in phosphodiesterase 2A have distinct roles in dimerization and in cGMP binding.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate all pathways that use cGMP or cAMP as a second messenger. Five of the 11 PDE families have regulatory segments containing GAF domains, 3 of which are known to bind cGMP. In PDE2 binding of cGMP to the GAF domain causes an activation of the catalytic activity by a mechanism that apparently is shared even in the adenylyl cyclase of Anabaena, an organism separated from mouse by 2 billion years of evolution. The 2.9-A crystal structure of the mouse PDE2A regulatory segment reported in this paper reveals that the GAF A domain functions as a dimerization locus. The GAF B domain shows a deeply buried cGMP displaying a new cGMP-binding motif and is the first atomic structure of a physiological cGMP receptor with bound cGMP. Moreover, this cGMP site is located well away from the region predicted by previous mutagenesis and structural genomic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacology, and Biochemistry and Biological Structure, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Sergio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Albert Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Glavas
authors.forename: Xiao-Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turley
authors.forename: Wim G J
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hol
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Beavo
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; C517277:Pde2a protein, mouse; D006152:Cyclic GMP