title: Early results after transatrial/transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Transatrial/transpulmonary repair avoids a ventriculotomy (in contrast to the transventricular approach) emphasizing maximal preservation of RV structure and function. We have adopted this technique as less traumatic for the right ventricle. This study evaluates the early surgical results of our approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1997 and July 2001, 110 consecutive patients with TOF were referred to our unit for surgical therapy. Of these, 14 were unsuitable for repair and underwent aortopulmonary shunting+/-pulmonary artery patching. In the remaining 96 patients (median age 1.4 years), complete transatrial/transpulmonary repair was performed. Previously placed shunts (ten patients) were taken down and any secondary stenoses or branch pulmonary artery distortion repaired. In all cases, subpulmonary resection and ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure were accomplished transatrially. Whenever pulmonary valvotomy and valve ring widening were necessary, it was achieved through a pulmonary arteriotomy. In 84 patients the main pulmonary artery was augmented with an autologous pericardial patch, and in 23 the patch was extended to pulmonary artery branch(es). A limited (<1cm ) or extended (>1cm, but <or=length of RV infundibulum) transannular incision was necessary in 59 and 18 patients, respectively, in order to achieve an adequate residual RV outflow tract diameter. A monocusp autologous pericardial valve was placed in 13 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no death in this series. No patient required permanent pacemaker. In one case, early reoperation for residual RV outflow tract obstruction was needed. Median ICU and hospital stay were 3.5 and 10 days, respectively. At median follow up of 26 (mean 25+/-12) months, all patients are asymptomatic, with no significant residual lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transatrial/transpulmonary repair of TOF is associated with remarkably low morbidity and mortality in our early experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 356 Sygrou Avenue, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chatzis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karros
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zavaropoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papagiannis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rammos
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kirvassilis
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Sarris
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome