title: Population growth among U.S. regions and metropolitan areas:  a test for causality.
abstract: "This paper explores theories of population growth, and implied economic growth, among the major U.S. metro areas and regions.  One set of theoretical arguments [favors] the growth of large cities, while an alternative set of arguments [favors] the growth of the smaller urban areas.  Still another set of arguments [combines] economic space and urban size in the concept of regional growth centers as the engines of regional growth.  Granger causality tests are applied to determine the role of urban size or growth centers as engines of regional growth.  The test results indicate no causal relationship exists."
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Krautmann
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011158:Population Growth; D012942:Social Sciences; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Americas; Demographic Factors; Demography; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Conditions--changes; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Macroeconomic Factors; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Population Growth; Population Size; Population Theory; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors; Theoretical Studies; United States; Urban Population