title: Earnings in Canada:  the roles of immigrant generation, French ethnicity, and language.
abstract: "The effects of immigrant status, French ethnicity, and language fluency in Canada has received relatively little attention in the economics literature.  Moreover, the coverage of the few studies available is highly selective, and the results often conflict.  This paper seeks to correct these deficiencies by using data from the 1971 and 1981 Censuses of Canada to analyze the labor market adjustment of immigrants and French Canadians, as well as the role of language in the Canadian labor market.  The analysis is conducted in a manner which will facilitate comparison with previous studies of immigrants and their children in Canada and in other countries. In addition, by comparing 1971 and 1981 Census data, the paper highlights the similarity and changes in patterns over the decade."
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chiswick
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000569:Americas; D002170:Canada; D003142:Communication; D003469:Culture; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D005006:Ethnicity; D006280:Health Workforce; D007802:Language; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012106:Research; D012922:Social Change; D012923:Social Class; D012942:Social Sciences; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: Acculturation; Americas; Canada; Communication; Comparative Studies; Cultural Background; Demographic Analysis; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Factors; Economics; Ethnic Groups; Human Resources; International Migration; Labor Force; Language; Migrants; Migration; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Research Methodology; Social Change; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status