title: Psychological effects of hazardous materials exposures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study psychological outcomes after hazardous materials incidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals exposed to hazardous materials were contacted to complete a telephone questionnaire within 8 to 40 days of the incident. The Brief Symptoms Inventory was used for psychological assessment. General severity index, depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatization were analyzed. Positive findings were defined as two standard deviations above a normative mean.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 202 (60%) of the 339 subjects in 87 incidents were surveyed. For 159 adults with valid Brief Symptoms Inventory scores, all dimensions were within normal ranges of elevation, with 1% to 5% of the subject pool having elevation, except for somatization. Twenty-four (14%) of 160 subjects had elevated somatization scores. Based on logistic regression analysis, prior medical therapy for a psychological condition and transport to a health care facility were predictors of elevated somatization scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Somatization was the most frequently elevated score after exposure to hazardous materials incidents. Further research is needed to determine whether specific risk factors are useful in identifying individuals for intervention after hazardous materials incidents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Dana F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kovalchick
authors.forename: Jefferey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Kelly B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kyes
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lymp
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Roy-Byrne
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brodkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006304:Health Status; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances