title: Plaque gruel of atheromatous coronary lesion may contribute to the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No-reflow associated with direct angioplasty (PCI) of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is associated with unfavorable results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a new thrombectomy device to treat 51 lesions in 48 consecutive ACS patients (40 male and 8 female; mean age 63 years) and conducted a microscopic analysis of aspirates and blood samples retrieved from the culprit coronary artery. The first aspirate was collected before PCI and the second was collected separately after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or stenting, including samples from the no-reflow lumen. Light microscopy showed that the materials obtained from the pre-PCI aspiration consisted of thrombus in 37.5%, thrombus and atheroma in 35.0%, and atheromatous plaque in 27.5%. The materials collected from the post-PCI aspiration were thrombus in 8.3%, thrombus and atheroma in 41.7%, and atheromatous plaque in 50.0%. We then compared the 9 lesions (19.1%) with no-reflow to those without no-reflow. There was no difference in the pre-PCI aspirates. However, after PCI, there was more atheromatous plaque retrieved from patients with no-reflow (P<0.001) as well as significantly more platelet and fibrin complex, macrophages, and cholesterol crystals in the blood aspirated from no-reflow cases. Aspiration of these elements improved the no-reflow in 7 of 9 lesions to TIMI-3 flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No-reflow after angioplasty may be caused by gruel that formed from an atheroma attributable to mechanical plaque disruption during intervention.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nanto
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Takakazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morozumi
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome