title: Gender differences in the occupational status of undocumented immigrants in the United States: experience before and after legalization.
abstract: "This article examines the incorporation of a national sample of undocumented immigrants both before and after they applied to legalize their status under the provisions of the [U.S.] Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Data from the 1989 and 1992 Legalized Population Surveys (LPS-1 and LPS-2) are used. These surveys provide labor force and occupational data for three critical reference periods: as newly arrived undocumented immigrants, as experienced undocumented immigrants, and as documented immigrants.... The overall upward mobility of both men and women between first job and the occupation held at time of application for legalization continued after legalization. On average, men also continued to report higher status jobs than women, although women did somewhat better after their status was legalized."  This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seltzer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D006280:Health Workforce; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012937:Social Mobility; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014481:United States
keywords: Americas; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Employment Status; Human Resources; Illegal Migrants; Immigrants; International Migration; Labor Force; Migrants; Migration; North America; Northern America; Occupational Status; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Sex Factors; Social Class; Social Mobility; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; United States