title: Economic models of fertility dynamics:  a study of Swedish fertility.
abstract: "This paper estimates semiparametric reduced-form neoclassical models of life-cycle fertility in Sweden.  Rising female wages delay times to all conceptions and reduce total conceptions.  These results are robust across a variety of empirical specifications.  We find a particular neoclassical model that predicts fertility attained at different ages as well as the aggregate time series of birth rates.  A model that excludes wages and incomes predicts fertility attained at different ages but fails to predict the aggregate time series, and is dominated by the neoclassical model in terms of non-nested test criteria.  Cohort drift found in estimated parameters is consistent with the expansion of pronatal social programs.  The estimated neoclassical model produces strong short-run responses of birth rates to wages and incomes of the sort that have been found in the time series literature on fertility while generating the relatively weak long-run responses to economic variables found in the cross-sectional literature on completed fertility."
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001723:Birth Rate; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D005060:Europe; D016656:Family Planning Policy; D005298:Fertility; D007182:Income; D018803:Models, Economic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012106:Research; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Age Factors; Birth Rate; Cohort Analysis; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Economic Model; Europe; Fertility; Fertility Measurements; Income; Macroeconomic Factors; Models, Theoretical; Northern Europe; Policy; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Population Policy; Pronatalist Policy; Research Methodology; Scandinavia; Social Policy; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweden; Wages--women