title: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States: a review of health hazards, status, and policy.
abstract: Although the occupation and associated living conditions of migrant and seasonal agricultural workers in the US pose exceptional health hazards to the workers and their dependents, relatively few occupational health professionals have been involved with this group.  This articles examines the basis for this neglect and proposes a definition of the population that should be considered in farmworker health policy.  It then reviews existing evidence regarding hazards of 4 major occupational exposures--pesticides, the sun, injuries, and poor field sanitation--and policies that have been developed to address these hazards.  The extremely negative health consequences of farmworker living conditions, which are indirect occupational hazards, are also summarized.  Numerous policy, planning, and research recommendations are made.  Adequate solutions for this impoverished and powerless group, however, will require significant sociopolitical advances, such as are developing with unionization and other forms of political organization.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakala
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D006262:Health; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006280:Health Workforce; D006798:Housing; D009656:North America; D011057:Politics; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011634:Public Health; D011640:Public Policy; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012499:Sanitation; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014481:United States
keywords: Accidental Deaths; Americas; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Factors; Health; Housing; Human Resources; Labor Force; Migrant Workers; Migrants; Migration; North America; Northern America; Policy; Political Factors; Population; Population Dynamics; Public Health; Recommendations; Residence Characteristics; Sanitation; Social Policy; United States