title: Patient-specific factors predictive of warfarin dosage requirements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify patient-specific factors predictive of maintenance warfarin dosage requirements >5 mg/d.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-six adults taking warfarin were identified from a community hospital and an outpatient anticoagulation clinic. Patient demographics and data on warfarin doses, laboratory results, and medication use were obtained by abstracting patient records. Estimates of vitamin K intake were obtained using a questionnaire and structured interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify patient characteristics independently predictive of warfarin maintenance requirements >5 mg/d. An assessment tool for estimating an individual patient's likelihood of requiring warfarin maintenance doses >5 mg/d was derived from the logistic regression model and was assessed in both the study cohort and a separate historical validation cohort of 125 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five factors were independently associated with warfarin requirements >5 mg/d: age <55 years, male gender, African American ethnicity, vitamin K intake >400 micro g/d, and body weight >or=91 kg. The assessment tool derived from these factors correctly classified semiquantitative warfarin requirements as non-high-dose in 84 of 93 study cohort patients and 71 of 78 validation cohort patients, and correctly classified requirements as high-dose in 10 of 13 study cohort patients and 11 of 15 validation cohort patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American ethnicity is a newly identified predictor of warfarin requirements >5 mg/d and is independent of dietary vitamin K intake. An assessment tool incorporating this and other predictors can estimate a patient's likelihood of requiring such dosages.
authors.affiliation: Wesley Long Community Hospital, Greensboro, NC 27403, USA. randy.absher@mosescone.com
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Absher
authors.forename: M Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044383:Black People; D001835:Body Weight; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K; D014859:Warfarin