title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates nitric-oxide synthase type I expression and potentiates the cGMP response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone of rat pituitary gonadotrophs.
abstract: Nitric-oxide synthase type I (NOS I) is expressed primarily in gonadotrophs and in folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary. In gonadotrophs, the expression and the activity of NOS I are stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) under both experimental and physiological conditions. In the present study, we show that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is twice as potent as GnRH at increasing NOS I levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. The action of PACAP is detectable after 4-6 h and maximal at 24 h, this effect is mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP and cholera toxin and suppressed by H89 suggesting a mediation through the cAMP pathway. Surprisingly, NADPH diaphorase staining revealed that these changes occurred in gonadotrophs exclusively although PACAP and cAMP, in contrast to GnRH, have the potential to target several types of pituitary cells including folliculo-stellate cells. There was no measurable alteration in NOS I mRNA levels after cAMP or PACAP induction. PACAP also stimulated cGMP synthesis, which was maximal within 15 min and independent of cAMP, however, only part resulted from NOS I/soluble guanylate cyclase activation implying that in contrast to GnRH, PACAP has a dual mechanism in cGMP production. Interestingly, induction of NOS I by PACAP markedly enhanced the capacity of gonadotrophs to produce cGMP in response to GnRH. The fact that PACAP may act on gonadotrophs to alter NOS I levels, generate cGMP, and potentiate the cGMP response to GnRH, suggests that cGMP could play important cellular functions.
authors.affiliation: Signalisation cellulaire, Régulation de gènes et Physiologie de l'Axe gonadotrope, UMR CNRS 7079, Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garrel
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lozach
authors.forename: Lydia K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bachir
authors.forename: Jean-Noel
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Laverriere
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Counis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP