Low-molecular-weight heparin and dermatan sulfate end group-labeled with tyramine and fluorescein. Biochemical and biological characterization of the fluorescent-labeled heparin derivative.
To improve the understanding of the biological functions and pharmacology of heparin and dermatan sulfate, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and low-molecular-weight dermatan sulfate (LMWDS) were labeled with tyramine (T) by covalently linking T to the terminal residue of 2,5-anhydromannose (or 2,5-anhydrotalose for dermatan sulfate). The covalent labeling was demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The tyramine-labeled LMWH (LMWH-T) was also labeled with fluorescein (F) by further reacting it with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluoresceinated LMWH-T (LMWH-T,F ) was used to analyze biological functions on blood coagulation and binding to leukocytes. The biological activities on factor Xa and thrombin inhibition remained unchanged compared with the parent compound. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes demonstrated binding of the modified heparin to granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes, the half-live being twice as long as the antifactor Xa activity. F-labeled heparin was displaced by unlabeled heparin from all three populations of leukocytes. Binding of heparin to leukocytes may play an important role in inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Harenberg
Job
J
1st Department of Medicine, Medical University Clinic, Mannheim, Germany. J-Harenberg@t-online.de
Casu
Benito
B
Guerrini
Marco
M
Malsch
Reinhard
R
Naggi
Annamaria
A
Piazolo
Lukas
L
Torri
Giangiacomo
G
D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014439:Tyramine / Q000737:chemistry
D000925:Anticoagulants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D006493:Heparin; D019793:Fluorescein; D014439:Tyramine