title: Inhibition of glucose production and stimulation of bile flow by R (+)-alpha-lipoic acid enantiomer in rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  R (+)-alpha-lipoic acid (RLA) has been suggested for the treatment of liver diseases, but has also been shown to improve glucose utilization in diabetic patients. Because detailed information of RLA action on carbohydrate metabolism in intact liver is lacking, we examined concentration-dependent effects of RLA on hepatic glucose production.
  
  
  METHODS
  RLA (10(-6-)10(-3) mol L(-1)) or buffer (control) was infused in isolated livers of fasted rats during recirculating perfusion for 90 min (n = 4-6/group). Hepatic glucose and lactate fluxes and bile secretion were continuously monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RLA reduced lactate (10 mmol L(-1))-dependent glucose production in concentration-dependent fashion (R = - 0.780, P < 0.001) by up to 67% compared with control (0.36 +/- 0.02 micromol min(-1) g(-1)). In parallel, RLA dose dependently decreased lactate uptake (R = - 0.592, P < 0.001) also by up to 67% (control: 0.58 +/- 0.08 micromol min(-1) g(-1)). RLA (10(-4) mol L(-1) and 10(-3) mol L(-1)) stimulated bile flow by approximately 20 and approximately 50%, respectively (P < 0.02 vs. control). After 10(-3) mol L(-1) RLA infusion, liver glycogen was approximately 3 fold higher (5.2 +/- 1.1 vs. control: 1.8 +/- 0.2 micromol g(-1), P < 0.002). Also at low lactate concentrations (1 mmol L(-1)), 10(-3) mol L(-1) RLA reduced glucose production by approximately 53% and lactate uptake by approximately 60%, but stimulated bile secretion by approximately 50% (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLA reduces hepatic glucose release by inhibiting lactate-dependent glucose production in a concentration-dependent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderwald
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fürnsinn
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldhäusl
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007773:Lactates; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D005947:Glucose