title: [Tuscan emigration from 1860 to 1914:  rhythms and flows].
abstract: "The article describes the phenomenon of permanent outmigration from the Apennine regions [of Italy] (particularly from the provinces of Massa Carrara and Lucca) and analyses its causes and transformation from a localized exchange of labor (seasonal farmworkers, and peddlers) to the massive movement towards the end of the last century.  At the same time, similar patterns were also occurring in the region's lowlands.  The study attempts to distinguish the demographic, sociological and professional characteristics of these population movements and presents their preferred destinations between the middle of the 19th century and the first World War." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douki
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D005060:Europe; D005843:Geography; D007558:Italy; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: Demographic Factors; Destination; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Employment Status; Europe; Geographic Factors; Historical Survey; Italy; Labor Migration; Mediterranean Countries; Migration; Migration, Internal; Occupational Status; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Southern Europe