title: Brain morphology in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia: a study of multiple brain structures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although brain volume changes are found in schizophrenia, only a limited number of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have exclusively examined antipsychotic-naïve patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To comprehensively investigate multiple brain structures in a single sample of patients who were antipsychotic-naïve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 20 healthy comparison subjects were included. Intracranial, total brain, frontal lobe, grey and white matter, cerebellar, hippocampal, parahippocampal, thalamic, caudate nucleus and lateral and third ventricular volumes were measured. Repeated-measures analyses of (co)variance were conducted with intracranial volume as covariate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Third ventricle volume enlargement was found in patients compared with the healthy subjects. No differences were found in other brain regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that some brain abnormalities are present in the early stages of schizophrenia. Moreover, it suggests that brain abnormalities reported in patients with chronic schizophrenia develop in a later stage of the disease and/or are medication induced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. w.cahn@azu.nl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cahn
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hulshoff Pol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schnack
authors.forename: R C W
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mandl
authors.forename: N E M
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Van Haren
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durston
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koning
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Van Der Linden
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology