title: Clinical effect of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actinic keratosis (AK) is the earliest clinical manifestation of squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic SCC causes the majority of the 1300 to 2300 deaths attributed to nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States each year. Recent studies have shown that intralesional administration of interferon can be used successfully in the treatment of AK.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Imiquimod is an immune response modifier, currently approved for the treatment of genital warts. The topically applied immune response modifier acts by up-regulating interferon and other cytokines involved in the cell-mediated immune response at the site of application. The aim of this was to determine the efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of AK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with AK lesions were treated with imiquimod 5% cream, initially at 3 times per week for 8 weeks, or until total clearance of lesions. Patients applied imiquimod to lesions on one side of the body and vehicle cream to the other side. A total of 17 patients who completed treatment were evaluated for number of lesions and adverse reactions before treatment and at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 after initiation of treatment. AK lesions were also assessed 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in the average number of lesions per patient was observed for patients treated with imiquimod. The most frequent reactions to treatment were erythema, itching, and scabbing; however, all adverse events were mild to moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imiquimod 5% cream may be a promising treatment for AK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Persaud
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shamuelova
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: Sumedha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamba
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007642:Keratosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000077271:Imiquimod