title: Lower order cities and national urbanization policies:  China and India.
abstract: The authors "examine the urbanization history and policies of China and India with a special emphasis on the lower order cities.  [They] consider the proposition that, as the developing countries continue to urbanize at a rapid pace, the lower order cities can play a potentially effective role in guiding future urbanization and in securing a balanced economic and spatial development.  Through an examination of the urbanization records, policies, and performance of the lower order cities in these two countries [the authors] discuss the 'top-down' versus the 'bottom-up' approaches to urbanization strategy and national development.... Differences between the urbanization policies of China and India and the transferability of the Chinese experience to other contexts [are also discussed]."
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schenk
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D002681:China; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005843:Geography; D007194:India; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012106:Research; D012922:Social Change; D012939:Social Planning; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014507:Urbanization
keywords: Asia; China; Comparative Studies; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Development Planning; Development Policy; Eastern Asia; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Geographic Factors; Historical Survey; India; Policy; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Population Policy; Research Methodology; Social Change; Social Policy; Socioeconomic Factors; Southern Asia; Spatial Distribution--changes; Studies; Urban Population; Urban Spatial Distribution--changes; Urbanization