title: Epidemiology, molecular mycology, and environmental sources of Fusarium infection in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiology and environmental sources of Fusarium infections in patients with cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study conducted following surveillance environmental cultures and DNA analysis of isolated organisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary-care, university cancer center.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1996 and 1997, environmental cultures were performed on air samples and water systems. A retrospective chart review was performed for 70 patients with cancer identified with fusariosis between 1987 and 1997. Patients with fusariosis were compared with 49 uninfected control patients who occupied hospital rooms with positive environmental cultures for Fusarium. With the use of random amplification of polymorphic DNA, organisms isolated from infected patients were compared with environmental organisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients with Fusarium (40, 57%) were infected on or within 3 days of admission, indicating community rather than nosocomial acquisition. Patients were comparable in terms of underlying immunocompromised status to 49 uninfected control patients. However, the duration from admission to infection in the patients with fusariosis tended to be shorter than the duration from admission to discharge in the exposed control patients (P = .06). Water cultured from the hospital tanks and from sinks and water fountains was negative for Fusarium. With the use of polymerase chain reaction, environmental isolates did not match clinical ones. Quantitative air sampling showed that the quantitative outdoor Fusarium levels were eightfold higher than the indoor levels. During the rainy summer season, outdoor air concentrations of Fusarium were at their highest, coinciding with the peak incidence of fusariosis at our center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most likely source of fusariosis was the external environment rather than nosocomial sources, such as water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raad
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tarrand
authors.forename: Hend
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Maher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albitar
authors.forename: Erle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boktour
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bodey
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hachem
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontoyiannis
authors.forename: Estella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whimbey
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rolston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000391:Air Microbiology; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D017053:Infection Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D012621:Seasons; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal