title: Effect of pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility.
abstract: Genital infections, in both men and women, may cause permanent functional damage to the reproductive tract resulting in infertility.  In men, post-infection infertility is uncommon, whereas in women sequelae after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the most common cause of acquired infertility.  In a prospective cohort study of women who all sought pregnancy after laparoscopically verified acute (non-tuberculous) salpingitis, 141/1309 (10.8%) were infertile because of proven post-PID tubal occlusion.  In 448 control women, the corresponding figures were 4/448 (0.9%).  Of independent and significant importance for post-PID infertility were the numbers of PID episodes (0/1/2 or= 3: RRs 1.0/7.0/16.2/28.3), and in women with only one PID episode, the severity of infection (mild/moderate/severe; RRs 1/1.8/5.6), delayed care (3 days/3 or more days; RR 1/2.8), use of contraceptives (none/pills/IUDs/other; RRs 1/0.3/0.5/0.8).  Similar influences of the same variables were also demonstrated for subfertility, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, and time between index laparoscopy and pregnancy in those women who conceived after PID.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Westrom
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003267:Contraception; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D019049:Developed Countries; D004194:Disease; D005060:Europe; D005193:Family Planning Services; D007239:Infections; D007246:Infertility; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012098:Reproduction; D012106:Research; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases; D012816:Signs and Symptoms; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Cohort Analysis; Contraception; Contraceptive Usage; Developed Countries; Diseases; Europe; Family Planning; Infections; Infertility--women; Northern Europe; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Prospective Studies; Reproduction; Reproductive Tract Infections; Research Methodology; Research Report; Scandinavia; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Signs And Symptoms; Studies; Sweden