title: The context of migration:  the example of Ireland in the nineteenth century.
abstract: "A classic case where out-migration interacted with many other geographical phenomena is provided by rural Ireland in the nineteenth century. The apparent turning point was the Great Famine of the 1840s, but the areas with the greatest suffering from starvation did not necessarily show the greatest population decline, suggesting that other forces were active. Considerable economic and social changes were already taking place before the Famine: fertility was being reduced, later marriage was becoming established and considerable emigration was already taking place.  Immediately after the Famine those areas which had been hardest hit often reverted to pre-Famine conditions and did not show strong population decline until the 1870s.  The Famine was a most serious event, but the modernization of Irish rural life, which linked emigration with changes in family structure, agriculture and population numbers, was more important in bringing about geographical change."
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004777:Environment; D005060:Europe; D005298:Fertility; D005523:Food Supply; D005843:Geography; D007494:Ireland; D008393:Marriage; D009660:Northern Ireland; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012922:Social Change; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013217:Starvation; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Factors; Environment; Europe; Famine; Fertility--changes; Food Supply; Geographic Factors; Historical Survey; International Migration; Ireland; Marriage; Marriage Age--changes; Marriage Patterns; Migration; Modernization; Natural Resources; Northern Europe; Northern Ireland; Nuptiality; Population; Population Decrease; Population Dynamics; Social Change; Socioeconomic Factors; United Kingdom