title: Structural-equation models of migration:  an example from the Upper Midwest USA.
abstract: "To date, most migration models have been specified in terms of a single equation, whereby a set of regional characteristics are used to predict migration rates for various kinds of spatial units.  These models are inadequate in at least two respects.  First, they omit any causal links between the explanatory variables, thus ignoring indirect effects between these variables and migration.  Second, they ignore the possibility of reciprocal causation, or feedback effects, between migration and the explanatory variables...."  The author uses data for State Economic Areas to construct a path model and simultaneous-equation model to identify both indirect and feedback effects on migration in the Upper Midwestern United States.  "On the basis of the path model, it is suggested that the direct effects of many variables on migration are at least partially offset by the indirect effects, whereas the simultaneous-equation model emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between income and migration."
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadwallader
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005843:Geography; D007182:Income; D018803:Models, Economic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012106:Research; D014481:United States
keywords: Americas; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Model; Geographic Factors; Income; Mathematical Model; Migration; Migration, Internal; Models, Theoretical; North America; Northern America; Population; Population Dynamics; Research Methodology; United States