title: Hysteroscopic and hysterosalpingographic study after intrauterine insertion of quinacrine pellets for non-surgical sterilization.
abstract: 60 fertile females seeking permanent contraception were included in this study. All cases received 3 applications of 7 36 mg quinacrine hydrochloride pellets during the proliferative phase of 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. Hysterosalpingography was performed on the 8th day of menstruation and hysteroscopy on the 10th day of the same cycle after 1st application in group A, after the 2nd application in group B, and after the 3rd application in group C. Hysterosalpingography showed 17 cases of bilateral obstruction, 1 case of bilateral patency, and 2 cases of unilateral patency in group A, while in groups B and C, all elicited bilateral tubal occlusion. Cornual obstruction was seen in 33%, 65%, and 85% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Intramural obstruction was seen in 50%, 33%, and 10% in 3 groups. Hysteroscopy showed no abnormal findings in group A, while 35% and 85% of cases in groups B and C showed some changes. 4 types of ostial appearances could be recognized hysteroscopically: Type 0 (patent tubes), type I (distal tubal blockage), type II (intramural obstruction), and type III ( cornual obstruction). In group A, type 0 was seen in 10%, type I 80%, type II 50%, and type III 33%. The respective figures in group B were 0%, 2.5%, 33%, and 65%, while in group C, 0%, 5%, 10%, and 85%. 2 applications of quinacrine are 100% effective, the hysteroscopic endometrial changes detected were transient. The possibility of reversal of the procedure is outlined.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El Sahwi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haiba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osman
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000352:Africa, Northern; D000367:Age Factors; D001695:Biology; D001723:Birth Rate; D003267:Contraception; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D003933:Diagnosis; D004534:Egypt; D004717:Endometrium; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005298:Fertility; D005835:Genitalia; D005836:Genitalia, Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D008877:Middle East; D010298:Parity; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010808:Physical Examination; D010827:Physiology; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011796:Quinacrine; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D013812:Therapeutics; D014566:Urogenital System; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011796:Quinacrine
keywords: Africa; Age Factors; Arab Countries; Biology; Contraception; Contraceptive Usage; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Drugs; Egypt; Endometrial Effects--changes; Endometrium; Examinations And Diagnoses; Family Planning; Female Sterilization; Fertility; Fertility Measurements; Genitalia; Genitalia, Female; Hysterosalpingography; Mediterranean Countries; Method Acceptability; Northern Africa; Parity; Physical Examinations And Diagnoses; Physiology; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Quinacrine--administraction and dosage; Quinacrine--side effects; Sterilization, Sexual; Treatment; Tubal Occlusion; Urogenital System; Uterus