title: Marker enzyme assessment in the liver of cyprinus carpio (L.) exposed to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl.
abstract: The potential utility of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation as indicators of exposure to 2,4-D and azinphosmethyl together with the toxic effects of these compounds in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were recorded spectrophotometrically in fish liver, which were exposed to a single dose of 2,4-D and azinphosmehtyl (1/3 LC(50)), and their mixture at 1:1 ratio for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The most sensitive parameter was glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, which significantly increased with experimental exposures. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity did not change after 24 and 48 h while there was an elevation after 72 h in all exposure groups. The activity decreased only when these were applied in combination at 96 h. Superoxide dismutase activity increased after azinphosmethyl exposure for 48 and 96 h. 2,4-D decreased the activity after 24 h while the activity remained at the same level with control after 48 h. An elevation was found between 72 and 96 h. Mixture treatment did not changed the activity. Glutathione reductase and catalase enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde levels remained constant in all the treatment groups compared with controls. These results suggest that induction of GST activity may be used as biomarker for the assessment of water pollution in C. carpio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali, Adana, Turkey. eozcan@cu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Elif Ozcan
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Oruç
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uner
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002347:Carps; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009249:NADP; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase