title: Azathioprine or methotrexate in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: results of an open-label study on efficacy and tolerability in inducing and maintaining remission.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of azathioprine and methotrexate in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis is still controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of these two drugs in a series of patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant active ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients were treated with a daily dose of azathioprine (2 mg/kg) and, if intolerant or not responding, with methotrexate (12.5 mg/week intramuscularly), and their efficacy was established by clinical, endoscopic and histological examinations at 6 months. Patients achieving clinical remission continued with treatment and were followed up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 42 patients on azathioprine, 10 experienced early side-effects requiring withdrawal from treatment, 22 (69%) achieved complete remission, six (19%) achieved improvement and four (12%) obtained no substantial benefit. Methotrexate, administered to eight patients intolerant to and two patients resistant to azathioprine, induced complete remission in six patients (60%) and improvement in four (40%). During follow-up, a larger number of patients on azathioprine relapsed in comparison with patients on methotrexate [16/28 (57%) vs. 2/10 (20%), respectively; P < 0.05]. Only minor side-effects were observed on both treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azathioprine is effective in patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis. Methotrexate seems to be a good alternative in patients intolerant to or not responding to azathioprine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. paolo.paoluzi@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Paoluzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pica
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcheggiano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crispino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iacopini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iannoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paoluzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate