title: [Surgical and interventional use of radiofrequency current: is there interference with implantable cardioverter/defibrillators?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During surgical and interventional procedures, interactions between implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and electrical cautery, respectively, application of radiofrequency (RF) energy may occur. Induction of inadequate shock therapies or device malfunction may result and represent a potential perioperative hazard for the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hence, we analyzed the intraoperative interactions in 23 consecutive ICD patients with regard to different surgical and interventional procedures. Sixteen surgical operations (general surgery n = 7, urologic n = 5, abdominal n = 2, gynecological n = 1, thoracic n = 1) and 7 interventional therapies (RF catheter ablation n = 5, endoscopic papillotomy n = 2) were performed. The ICD devices were all located in the left pectoral position and consisted of 15 single and 8 dual chamber defibrillators. During the procedure tachyarrhythmia detection (VF 295 +/- 21 ms, VT 370 +/- 55 ms) of the devices was maintained active (monitoring mode); only ICD therapies were inactivated. The indifferent electrode of the electrical cauter/RF generator was placed in standard positions (right mid femoral position n = 18, thoracic spine area n = 5). After the procedure, the ICD memory was checked for detections, respectively, for changes of the programming.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no misdetection or reprogramming of the ICD caused by electrical cautery or RF energy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the lack of undesired interactions ICDs should be inactivated preoperatively to assure maximum patient safety. However, should inactivation be ineffective or not manageable, electromagnetic interference is highly unlikely.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Grosshadern Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistr. 15 81377 München, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiek
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dorwarth
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Durchlaub
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D000075202:Contraindications; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors