title: Socio-economic stratification generated by international migration loops.
abstract: This paper analyzes the migration phenomenon within a framework that treats migration movements as continuous loops, from the country of origin to the destination and back.  Significant social-psychological factors at each step of the loop process contribute to the development of migration streams along a predictable pattern.  The general model of the loop process shows that the migration stream is 1st sparked when labor is recruited from less developed countries for work in developed industrialized countries.  Once the social process of migration has begun, it tends to acquire a self-feeding character.  Social and economic change in sending and receiving societies brought about by migration make further migration more likely.  The case of the Mexico-US-Mexico loop process is analyzed.  This case illustrates the effects of socioeconomic stratification that occurs in communities where the migration loop process reaches a certain level of maturity.  The majority of a town's population may become committed to migration as a way of life.  Eventually, wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of those that are most able to migrate.  Thus, migrants may become a new elite segment of rural populations that were once relatively homogenous societies.  Further research of the migration loop process should be conducted.  At least in the case of Mexico, the socioeconomic stratification in the villages and towns acting as sources of migration loops with destinations in the US have significant internal economic, social, and political implications.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Jutila
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D001519:Behavior; D002489:Central America; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D007182:Income; D007843:Latin America; D008800:Mexico; D009042:Motivation; D009656:North America; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011584:Psychology; D012424:Rural Population; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014481:United States
keywords: Americas; Behavior; Central America; Demographic Factors; Destination; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Factors; Income; International Migration--determinants; Latin America; Macroeconomic Factors; Mexico; Microeconomic Factors; Migrants; Migration; Motivation; North America; Northern America; Origin; Population; Population Characteristics--changes; Population Dynamics; Psychological Factors; Remittances; Return Migration; Rural Population; Social Behavior; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status--changes; Temporary Migration; United States