title: PKB/Akt mediates cell-cycle progression by phosphorylation of p27(Kip1) at threonine 157 and modulation of its cellular localization.
abstract: We have shown a novel mechanism of Akt-mediated regulation of the CDK inhibitor p27(kip1). Blockade of HER2/neu in tumor cells inhibits Akt kinase activity and upregulates nuclear levels of the CDK inhibitor (Kip1). Recombinant Akt and Akt precipitated from tumor cells phosphorylated wild-type p27 in vitro. p27 contains an Akt consensus RXRXXT(157)D within its nuclear localization motif. Active (myristoylated) Akt phosphorylated wild-type p27 in vivo but was unable to phosphorylate a T157A-p27 mutant. Wild-type p27 localized in the cytosol and nucleus, whereas T157A-p27 localized exclusively in the nucleus and was resistant to nuclear exclusion by Akt. T157A-p27 was more effective than wild-type p27 in inhibiting cyclin E/CDK2 activity and cell proliferation; these effects were not rescued by active Akt. Expression of Ser(473) phospho Akt in primary human breast cancers statistically correlated with expression of p27 in tumor cytosol. These data indicate that Akt may contribute to tumor-cell proliferation by phosphorylation and cytosolic retention of p27, thus relieving CDK2 from p27-induced inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Incheol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: F Michael
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Yakes
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rojo
authors.forename: Nah-Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bakin
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baselga
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D013912:Threonine; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; C482125:MAP2K1 protein, human; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases