title: Homocysteine enhances impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation and guanosine cyclic monophosphate formation in aortae from diabetic rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinaemia are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are associated with impaired endothelial nitric oxide and with excess superoxide formation. To explore potential vasculopathic interactions between these risk factors, the effect of homocysteine on endothelium-dependent relaxation and cyclic GMP formation was investigated in aortae from diabetic rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan. Six months later, the aortae were excised, cut into rings and mounted in an organ bath for isometric measurement of acetylcholine-evoked relaxation in rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine. Cyclic GMP formation by aortic rings after stimulation with acetylcholine, calcium ionophore A23187 and sodium nitroprusside was assessed using radioimmunoassay. The effect of homocysteine on these parameters was then studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ach-evoked relaxation and cyclic GMP formation induced with acetylcholine and calcium ionophore A23187 were impaired in aortae from diabetic rabbits compared with the control rabbits, effects that were reversed with superoxide dimutase (SOD) and augmented by 10-100 micro mol/l homocysteine, an effect again reversed by SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that the bioavailability of nitric oxide is reduced in aortae from diabetic rabbits due to excess production of superoxide, an effect augmented by homocysteine. These results indicate that patients with diabetes mellitus could be susceptible to homocysteine-mediated angiopathy at lower concentrations than those that promote vasculopathy in non-diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeremy
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012016:Reference Values; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000109:Acetylcholine