title: Efficacy, tolerability, and upper gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy, gastrointestinal safety, and tolerability of celecoxib (a cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX 2) inhibitor) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of randomised trials that compared at least 12 weeks' celecoxib treatment with another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or placebo and reported efficacy, tolerability, or safety. Trials identified from manufacturer and by searching electronic databases and evaluated according to predefined inclusion and quality criteria. Data combined through meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 187 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index; American College of Rheumatology responder index and joint scores for rheumatoid arthritis. Tolerability: withdrawal rates for adverse effects. Gastrointestinal safety: incidence of ulcers, bleeds, perforations, and obstructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine randomised controlled trials were included. Celecoxib and NSAIDS were equally effective for all efficacy outcomes. Compared with those taking other NSAIDs, in patients taking celecoxib the rate of withdrawals due to adverse gastrointestinal events was 46% lower (95% confidence interval 29% to 58%; NNT 35 at three months), the incidence of ulcers detectable by endoscopy was 71% lower (59% to 79%; NNT 6 at three months), and the incidence of symptoms of ulcers, perforations, bleeds, and obstructions was 39% lower (4% to 61%; NNT 208 at six months). Subgroup analysis of patients taking aspirin showed that the incidence of ulcers detected by endoscopy was reduced by 51% (14% to 72%) in those given celecoxib compared with other NSAIDs. The reduction was greater (73%, 52% to 84%) in those not taking aspirin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celecoxib is as effective as other NSAIDs for relief of symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and has significantly improved gastrointestinal safety and tolerability.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF. jon.deeks@cancer.org.uk
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.forename: Lesley A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068579:Celecoxib; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068579:Celecoxib; D001241:Aspirin