title: Behavioral evidence supporting a differential role for spinal group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors in inflammatory hyperalgesia in sheep.
abstract: A differential role for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in spinal nociception in normal animals has previously been identified. The present study examined the contribution of group I and group II mGluRs to the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia produced by unilateral intradermal injection of carrageenan into the lower forelimb in sheep. Carrageenan (7.5 mg in 500 micro l) produced a significant bilateral reduction in forelimb mechanical withdrawal thresholds. Intrathecal administration of saline-vehicle or the group II mGluR antagonist (2S)-alpha-ethylglutamate (EGLU; 570 nmol) had no effect on either the development or maintenance of hyperalgesia. However, intrathecal administration of the group I mGluR antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA; 450 nmol) before carrageenan blocked the development of ipsilateral hyperalgesia, and when given 2 h after carrageenan, reversed both ipsilateral and contralateral hyperalgesia. Intrathecal administration of the group II mGluR agonist (2S,1S,2S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I; 620 nmol) given either before or after carrageenan treatment produced analgesia and anti-hyperalgesia, an effect abolished by co-administration of EGLU (570 nmol). The magnitude of the analgesic response, assessed by the area under the response curve, was significantly greater than that produced by LCCG-I in normal animals. These data demonstrate that the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia is dependent on activation of group I mGluRs in spinal cord. In addition, the analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic actions of group II mGluRs suggest that these receptors play a crucial role in modulating acute inflammatory hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Bearsden Road, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK. S.Dolan@vet.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D000600:Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002351:Carrageenan; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C095756:1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid; D000600:Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005971:Glutamates; D007189:Indans; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C108822:metabotropic glutamate receptor 2; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; C017302:alpha-ethylglutamic acid; C035261:(alpha-carboxycyclopropyl)glycine; D002351:Carrageenan