title: Efficacy of ebastine, cetirizine, and loratadine in histamine cutaneous challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have compared the antihistaminic effect of ebastine at 20 mg/day (maximal recommended daily dose) with the effect found for other antihistamines in human pharmacologic models.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the inhibition of the histamine-induced skin reaction produced by ebastine (20 mg/day) with that produced by cetirizine (10 mg/day), loratadine (10 mg/day), or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty volunteers (10 men and 10 women) received the four treatments once daily for 7 days, with a mean 7-day washout period between treatments. Three intradermal histamine challenges (0.05 mL of a 100 microg/mL histamine solution at 4, 8, and 24 hours after drug administration) were performed at baseline, day 1 (single dose), and day 7 (multiple doses). Wheal and flare areas were measured after 15 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments yielded significant reductions of histamine-induced wheal in comparison to placebo (P < 0.001). Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). Ebastine had a significantly greater antihistaminic effect than did cetirizine or loratadine, except at 4 hours after a single dose versus cetirizine. Further, the effect of cetirizine was similar with single or multiple doses after both 4 and 24 hours, whereas the effect of ebastine showed significant increases in wheal reduction with multiple doses (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events or withdrawals occurred during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that ebastine in a 20-mg dose is an effective once-daily antihistamine. Superior efficacy was found in comparison to cetirizine (10 mg) or loratadine (10 mg) on the overall skin wheal response after single and multiple doses.
authors.affiliation: Almirall Prodesfarma SA, Barcelona, Spain. jgispert@almirallprodesfarma.com
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gispert
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Antonijoan
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanoj
authors.forename: Ignaci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gich
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esbrí
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luria
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002090:Butyrophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D017336:Loratadine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D002090:Butyrophenones; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D017336:Loratadine; C058249:ebastine; D017332:Cetirizine