title: Gene-drug interaction: additive influence of mutant APOA1 and testosterone on plasma HDL-cholesterol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Factors associated with decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, or hypoalphalipoproteinemia, include androgenic steroids and mutations in APOA1, encoding apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the main structural protein of HDL. However, there is little information regarding the extent of plasma HDL lowering when exogenous testosterone is used in subjects with monogenic low HDL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A man with coronary heart disease (CHD) had been receiving exogenous testosterone post-orchidectomy. He had marked hypoalphalipoproteinemia, which was not responsive to diet or medication. To identify a possible genetic contribution to his biochemical phenotype, we sequenced the LCAT and APOA1 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no sequence abnormalities in LCAT, but we found that he was a heterozygote for a novel APOA1 mutation in codon 107 (AAG->TGG), which predicted the replacement of lysine by tryptophan (K107W). Serial biochemical measurements over 11 years showed that plasma HDL cholesterol on either intramuscular or oral testosterone was 0.19 +/- 0.06 mmol/L, while plasma HDL cholesterol on transdermal testosterone was significantly higher at 0.52 +/- 0.18 mmol/L (p = 0.015, unpaired t-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the low plasma HDL cholesterol associated with heterozygosity for mutant APOA1 can become extremely depressed during treatment with oral or intramuscular androgens. The findings also suggest that transdermal testosterone may perturb HDL to a lesser extent than other routes of delivery in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Robarts Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Golyar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keyhan
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosset
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hegele
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006995:Hypobetalipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D013739:Testosterone; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase