title: Local antimicrobial therapy after initial periodontal treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this single-blind, randomized, parallel-designed clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of three sustained-release biodegradable polymers delivered into periodontal pockets following initial periodontal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients (28 females and 19 males) with a mean age of 51 years (range 29-71) underwent a periodontal examination at baseline (i.e. Week 0) and after 18 weeks. This included the assessment of the Plaque Index (PlI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depths (PPD) and Probing Attachment Levels (PAL) at six sites per tooth. Two to 4 months prior to baseline, all subjects had received initial periodontal therapy including motivation, instruction in oral hygiene practices and full-mouth scaling and root planing. At the treatment appointment (i.e. Week 2), the patients were randomly assigned to receive either Atridox trade mark, Elyzol Dental Gel or PerioChip at all residual periodontal pockets with a probing depth >/= 5 mm and concomitant BOP. In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, Elyzol Dental Gel was applied for a second time 7 days later. In addition to the clinical evaluation, subgingival microbiological samples were collected prior to treatment (i.e. Week 2) and at Weeks 4 and 18. Analysis of variance/covariance was used to evaluate changes from baseline to Week 18 for the clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the baseline and 18-week examinations, subjects treated with Atridox showed a significantly greater gain in mean PAL of 0.33 mm +/- 0.09 (SD) than subjects treated with Elyzol Dental Gel [0.03 mm +/- 0.09 (SD)](p = 0.03). However, the gain in PAL of 0.16 mm +/- 0.10 (SD) found after PerioChip application did not differ significantly from that obtained following the application of Atridox(p = 0.27). Of the sites treated with Atridox, 42% gained >/= 1 mm PAL and 9% >/= 2 mm PAL as opposed to the sites treated with Elyzol Dental Gel, in which 34% gained >/= 1 mm PAL and 8% gained >/= 2 mm PAL. Of the sites treated with PerioChip, 36% gained >/= 1 mm and 6% gained >/= 2 mm PAL following a completed initial periodontal therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of the three biodegradable sustained release devices tested following initial periodontal therapy resulted in a statistically significant gain in mean PAL for AtridoxTM and a significant reduction in PPD for all three devices during the study period. Furthermore, when sites treated with Atridox were compared with sites treated with Elyzol, a significant difference in mean PAL gain (0.3 mm) was observed.
authors.affiliation: University of Berne, School of Dental Medicine, Berne, Switzerland. SALVI@zmk.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Giovanni E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mombelli
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rutar
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suvan
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000254:growth & development; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D005989:Glycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000188:drug therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000254:growth & development; D018720:Prevotella / Q000254:growth & development; D012715:Sesame Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; C094288:Elyzol Dentalgel; D005989:Glycerides; D008795:Metronidazole; D012715:Sesame Oil; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D004318:Doxycycline; D002710:Chlorhexidine