The school as a force for community change in Tanzania.
In newly independent countries where traditional theories of educational policy have continued to be followed, education has persisted as little more than a sophisticated mechanism for the recruitment of elites, and there has been an increased dependence on the advanced industrial nations for aid, experts, and educational models.  Tanzania, however, has attempted to break away from traditional strategies, and the author here describes and analyzes the impact of 2 of the most far-reaching reforms--Education for Self-Reliance and Decentralization--on national goals and policies.  President Nyerene enunciated the objectives for Education for Self-Reliance in 1967 as relating education to rural life, correcting the elitist bias of education, and changing negative attitudes among students towards agriculture and rural life.  5 major programs of reform covering primary and secondary education, teacher and higher education, and examinations were to be pursued, ensuring a closer integration of schools with local communities; e.g., through school farms and cooperative shops, and making curricula directly relevant to local needs.  A policy of Decentralization is being implemented, allowing, theoretically at least, a much greater participation at the community level in decisionmaking.  In primary and adult education this has already been effected to some extent, though there is evidence to suggest that decentralization in some regions and districts has resulted in the creation of local bureaucratic machinery for control, defeating the intentions of the reform.  Decentralization of secondary and teacher education is likely to follow, leaving only higher education centrally controlled for manpower training and allocation purposes.  Finally the author discusses the question of the transferability of the Tanzanian reforms.
Maliyamkono
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D000349:Africa; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D000351:Africa, Eastern; D003479:Curriculum; D003906:Developing Countries; D004493:Education; D005178:Faculty; D006285:Health Planning; D009934:Organization and Administration; D012574:Schools; D013636:Tanzania
Africa; Africa South Of The Sahara; Curriculum; Developing Countries; Eastern Africa; Education; Educational Activities; English Speaking Africa; Organization And Administration; Primary Schools; Program Activities; Programs; School Teachers; Secondary Schools; Tanzania