title: Overurbanization and underdevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa:  a cross-national study.
abstract: "This paper discusses both the urban bias and world-system theories of overurbanization and presents a cross-national analysis of 32 African nations to test these perspectives.  The analysis is divided into three parts.  First, the effects of urban bias (i.e., the disparity in welfare between rural and urban areas) and economic dependence on overurbanization are examined. Next, the association between overurbanization and (1) the structure of the labor force and (2) economic growth is tested.  Finally, the relationship between the structure of the labor force and economic growth is evaluated."  The results indicate that "the rural-urban disparity and foreign investment facilitate overurbanization, and that an increase in level of overurbanization has a deleterious impact on both the structure of the labor force and economic growth. Furthermore, there is strong evidence indicating that an increase in service-sector employment has a negative effect on economic growth."
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004651:Employment; D005376:Financial Management; D005843:Geography; D006280:Health Workforce; D007391:International Cooperation; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012424:Rural Population; D012942:Social Sciences; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014507:Urbanization
keywords: Africa; Comparative Studies; Demographic Factors; Demography; Developing Countries; Economic Conditions; Economic Development; Economic Factors; Financial Activities; Foreign Aid; Geographic Factors; Human Resources; Labor Force; Macroeconomic Factors; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Theory; Rural Population; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors; Spatial Distribution; Urban Population; Urban Spatial Distribution; Urbanization