title: Biophysics of cochlear implant/MRI interactions emphasizing bone biomechanical properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The forces exerted during a 1.5-Tesla MRI evaluation on the internal magnet of a cochlear implant (CI) raise concern about the safety for CI recipients. This study determines the magnitude of force required to fracture the floor of a CI receiver bed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recessed CI beds were drilled to maximum uniform thinness into formalin-fixed and fresh-frozen human calvaria specimens. A Med-El stainless steel CI template mounted to the piston of an electrohydraulic testing device was used to fracture the floor of the implant beds. Force and displacement were measured as a function of time using a digital data acquisition system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean force to first failure, displacement to first failure, and minimum thickness, respectively, were: group 1 (formalin-fixed, 0.3-0.4-mm thick [n = 22]), 34.08 N (8.21-59.64 N, standard deviation [SD] 15.41 N), 1.09 mm (0.40-2.16 mm, SD 0.51 mm), 0.36 mm (0.3-0.4 mm, SD 0.05 mm); group 2 (formalin-fixed, 0.5-0.9 mm thick [n = 21]), 52.82 N (20.28-135.53 N, SD 25.29 N), 1.08 mm (0.50-2.28 mm, SD 0.47 mm), 0.58 mm (0.5-0.9 mm, SD 0.12 mm); group 3 (fresh-frozen [n = 9]), 134.13 N (86.44-190.70 N, SD 34.92 N), 1.96 mm (1.47-2.46 mm, SD 0.35 mm), 0.42 mm (0.3-0.6 mm, SD 0.11 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean magnitude of force required to fracture the floor of a CI bed is significantly greater than those that are generated when a Med-El Combi 40+, CII Bionic Ear CI, or Nucleus Contour CI is placed into a 1.5-Tesla MRI unit.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery