title: Combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension and percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the long-term efficacy of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with HCC less than 3 cm in diameter and at most three lesions were enrolled in this study. HCC nodules were confirmed to be hypervascular by angiography. Thirty-two patients were treated with a combination of TACE and PEI (TACE/PEI group) and 37 patients with TACE alone (TACE group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year survival rates were 50% for the TACE/PEI group and 22% for the TACE group. The TACE/PEI group had a slightly but not significantly better survival than the TACE group. The 5-year survival rates of patients with solitary HCC were 61% for the TACE/PEI group and 24% for the TACE group. Although the two therapeutic groups both had high rates of recurrence, the rates in the TACE/PEI group were significantly lower than those in the TACE group (P <0.05). Severe complications such as intraperitoneal bleeding and segmental hepatic infarction were observed at low incidence, and recovered with supportive treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of TACE and PEI appears to prolong survival, compared with TACE alone. This combination therapy can thus be a valuable form of treatment for unresectable advanced small HCC.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D000431:Ethanol; D007459:Iodized Oil; D002945:Cisplatin