title: Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of left septal atrial tachycardia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was the purpose of this study to define the electrophysiologic (EP) identity of left septal atrial tachycardia (AT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The clinical and EP characteristics of this particular type of arrhythmia have not been fully described.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 patients with AT underwent invasive EP evaluation. Five patients (two men and three women; mean age 49 +/- 15 years) with left septal AT were identified. Mapping of the right and left atrium was performed using conventional electrode catheters (five patients) and a three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping system (three patients) followed by radiofrequency (RF) ablation at the earliest site of local endocardial activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five tachycardias with a mean cycle length of 320 +/- 94 ms were mapped, and the earliest endocardial electrogram occurred 22 +/- 10 ms before the onset of the surface P-wave. Three left septal ATs were found to be originating from the left inferoposterior atrial septum and two from the left midseptum. During tachycardia, positive (three patients), biphasic negative-positive deflection (one patient), or isoelectric (one patient) P waves were recorded in lead V(1). The inferior leads demonstrated a positive or biphasic P-wave morphology in four of five patients (80%). Four patients were given both adenosine and verapamil during AT. In three of four patients, verapamil successfully terminated AT after adenosine had failed. Adenosine successfully terminated AT in one of four patients. Successful RF ablation was performed in all patients (mean 2.2 +/- 1.7 RF applications) without affecting atrioventricular conduction properties. No recurrence of AT was observed after a mean follow-up of 14 +/- 8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left septal AT ablation is safe and effective. There was no consistent P-wave morphology associated with this particular type of AT. This arrhythmia appears to be resistant to adenosine and moderately responsive to calcium antagonists.
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D000241:Adenosine