title: Caspase-9 inhibition after focal cerebral ischemia improves outcome following reversible focal ischemia.
abstract: Cerebral ischemia initiates a program of cell death known as apoptosis. Early steps in these death promoting events are the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and activation of caspase-9. The purpose of this report is to determine if the administration of a specific caspase-9 inhibitor, Z-Leu-Glu(Ome)-His-Asp(Ome)-FMK x TFA (Z-LEHD-FMK) would attenuate apoptosis and the resultant brain injury after ischemia. Adult Wistar rats underwent 3 h of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. An intraventricular injection of 4.8 microg of Z-LEHD-FMK was given 15-min postreperfusion. Administration of the caspase-9 inhibitor, Z-LEHD-FMK, to the experimental group (n = 12) reduced total infarction volume by 49% (p < 0.05) and improved neurological outcome by 63% (p < 0.01) as compared to the control group (n = 12). Western blot analysis of animals that underwent ischemia-reperfusion showed the appearance of the active form of caspase-9. Inhibition of caspase-9, the apical caspase in cytochrome-c-dependent apoptosis, is an effective intervention to attenuate neurological injury after focal ischemia.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; C403754:benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-glutamyl-histidyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone; C506435:Casp9 protein, rat; D053453:Caspase 9