title: HIV and hepatitis delta virus: evolution takes different paths to relieve blocks in transcriptional elongation.
abstract: The elongation step of transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is controlled both positively and negatively by over a dozen cellular proteins. Recent findings suggest that two distinct viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis delta virus, encode proteins that facilitate viral replication and transcription by targeting the same cellular transcription elongation machinery.
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000235:genetics; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008961:Models, Structural; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D012319:RNA Polymerase II