title: Buccal mucosa grafts for hypospadias surgery: long-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We review the long-term results of buccal mucosa grafts used as part of secondary hypospadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 47 patients for 10 years and analyzed long-term results of buccal mucosa grafts for hypospadias repair. Of the 47 patients 40 have been followed for more than 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall complication rate was 32% (13 of 47 cases). All complications occurred in the first 6 months following surgery, and the complication rate was significantly lower in the last 7 years of the series (19%) compared to the first 3 years (60%) (p = 0.01). All 3 patients in this series with a preoperative diagnosis of balanitis xerotica obliterans had a significant postoperative complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buccal mucosa appears to be a durable source of nongenital tissue for urethral replacement. Attention to detail in terms of graft harvest, graft preparation and graft fixation helps to avoid major postoperative complications. Onlay grafts appear to be preferable to tube grafts, and patients with the diagnosis of balanitis xerotica obliterans would appear not to be candidates for 1-stage urethral reconstruction using buccal mucosa.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors