title: A protein disulfide isomerase expressed in the embryonic midline is required for left/right asymmetries.
abstract: Although the vertebrate embryonic midline plays a critical role in determining the left/right asymmetric development of multiple organs, few genes expressed in the midline are known to function specifically in establishing laterality patterning. Here we show that a gene encoding protein disulfide isomerase P5 (PDI-P5) is expressed at high levels in the organizer and axial mesoderm and is required for establishing left/right asymmetries in the zebrafish embryo. pdi-p5 was discovered in a screen to detect genes down-regulated in the zebrafish midline mutant one-eyed pinhead and expressed predominantly in midline tissues of wild-type embryos. Depletion of the pdi-p5 product with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in loss of the asymmetric development of the heart, liver, pancreas, and gut. In addition, PDI-P5 depletion results in bilateral expression of all genes known to be expressed asymmetrically in the lateral plate mesoderm and the brain during embryogenesis. The laterality defects caused by pdi-p5 antisense treatment arise solely due to loss of the PDI-P5 protein, as they are reversed when treated embryos are supplied with an exogenous source of the PDI-P5 protein. Thus the spectrum of laterality defects resulting from depletion of the PDI-P5 protein fully recapitulates that resulting from loss of the midline. As loss of PDI-P5 does not appear to interfere with other aspects of midline development or function, we propose that PDI-P5 is specifically involved in the production of midline-derived signals required to establish left/right asymmetry.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases