title: Maternal smoking effects on infant growth.
abstract: The influence of maternal smoking the nutrient content of breastmilk and impact on infant longitudinal growth rate is unknown. From birth, 23 smoking (S), (7.1 +/- 4.4 cigarettes/day) and 23 non-smoking (NS) mother-infant pairs were followed. The breastmilk volume by deuterium dilution, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in breastmilk and hair by atomic absorption (AAS) and cotinine levels by radio-immuno-analysis (RIA) were evaluated. Birthweight was similar in contrast to height, and infants grew normally. Height and height-for-age (ZHA) were significantly lower in S infants and weight-for-height (ZWH) was higher in S infants in the third month, caused by slower height growth. Cotinine was 19 times greater in the S mothers and six times higher in their infants, as compared to NS group. Breastmilk volume was 743 +/- 119 g/day (S) and 742 +/- 111 g/day (NS), with no difference in zinc, copper, iron contents, except for cadmium (Cd). In infant's hair, all minerals were higher in the S group. Smoking affected infant's height during breastfeeding, attributed to an eventual impaired bioavailability of essential nutrients.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D003903:Deuterium; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007774:Lactation; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D003903:Deuterium; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D003367:Cotinine