title: Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with at least two chemotherapy regimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the activity and safety of combined folinic acid (FA), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with at least two chemotherapy regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 consecutive patients were enrolled for treatment with FA 100 mg/m(2) plus 5-FU 400 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-5, and MMC 3 mg/m(2) on days 3-5 (FFM). The cycles were repeated every 21 days until progression, severe toxicity or patient refusal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 104 patients, 96 were evaluable for response and toxicity. The overall response rate was 43% (95% confidence interval 32.8-53.2%); 40 patients achieved stable disease (42%) and 15 progressed (15%). In a retrospectively defined subgroup of patients with clinical resistance to taxanes (12 patients) or anthracyclines (14 patients), the response rate was 42%. The median time to progression was 8 months (3-18 months), and the median overall survival was 10.5+ months (2-36 months). The most common treatment-related adverse events were stomatitis, neutropenia, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea. Stomatitis, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were the only grade 4 treatment-related adverse events, and occurred in no more than 3% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tested FFM regimen seems to offer a valid option for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have been pretreated with two or more chemotherapeutic lines or who have failed on regimens containing anthracyclines or taxanes.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011788:Quality of Life; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil