title: Population pharmacokinetics of the novel anticancer agent E7070 during four phase I studies: model building and validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  N-(3-Chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulfonamide (E7070) is a novel sulfonamide anticancer agent currently in phase II clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. Four phase I studies have been finalized, with E7070 administered at four different treatment schedules to identify the maximum-tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities. Pharmacokinetic analyses of all studies revealed E7070 to have nonlinear pharmacokinetics. A population pharmacokinetic model was designed and validated to describe the pharmacokinetics of E7070 at all four treatment schedules and to identify the possible influences of patient characteristics on the pharmacokinetic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentration-time data of all patients (n = 143) were fitted to several pharmacokinetic models using NONMEM. Seventeen covariables were investigated for their relation with individual pharmacokinetic parameters. A bootstrap procedure was performed to check the validity of the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data were best described using a three-compartment model with nonlinear distribution to a peripheral compartment and two parallel pathways of elimination from the central compartment: a linear and a saturable pathway. Body-surface area (BSA) was significantly correlated to both the volume of distribution of the central compartment and to the maximal elimination capacity. The fits of 500 bootstrap replicates of the data set demonstrated the robustness of the developed population pharmacokinetic model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A population pharmacokinetic model has been designed and validated that accurately describes the data of four phase I studies with E7070. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that BSA-guided dosing for E7070 is important.
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C439829:N-(3-chloro-7-indolyl)-1,4-benzenedisulphonamide; D013449:Sulfonamides