title: Interferon-gamma is not a universal requirement for islet allograft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many transplantation studies have implicated a graft-destructive role for T helper (Th)1 cytokines and a graft-protective role for Th2 cytokines, more recent studies have challenged this paradigm by showing that long-term allograft survival can actually require the presence of Th1 cytokines, such as interleukin 2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The purpose of this study was to examine the requirement for IFN-gamma in the induction of islet allograft acceptance after monoclonal antibody therapy targeting conceptually distinct molecular pathways: the costimulatory molecule CD154, the CD4 coreceptor, or the beta2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 (CD11a).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic C57Bl/6 (B6; H2b) mice were grafted with fully MHC mismatched BALB/c (H2d) islets, or reciprocally, diabetic BALB/c mice underwent transplantation with B6 islets and were treated with anti-CD154, anti-CD4, or anti-LFA-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When IFN-gamma gene knockout mice were used as graft recipients, the requirement for IFN-gamma in allograft survival was found to be highly conditional, depending on both the host strain and the induction therapy used. In both strain combinations studied, anti-CD154 was effective in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma, whereas anti-CD4 lost therapeutic potential in the absence of this cytokine. Alternatively, the requirement for IFN-gamma for allograft prolongation by anti-LFA-1 therapy was noted only in B6 transplant recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-gamma is not always requisite in islet allograft survival but rather varies according to the molecular target of induction therapy and the genetic background of the transplant recipient.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000502:physiology; D006085:Graft Survival; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D007371:Interferon-gamma