title: Fibromodulin-null murine knee joints display increased incidences of osteoarthritis and alterations in tissue biochemistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate variations in tissue ultrastructure and incidence of pathology between fibromodulin (FM)-null mice and wild-type (WT) animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  FM-null and WT siblings from different age groups were compared. Serial sections were made through paraffin-embedded whole knees and investigated histologically. Additionally, medial femoral condyle peaks from sibling pairs were investigated ultrastructurally using transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological findings demonstrated a clear and increasing disparity between tissue degeneration in WT and FM-null animal knees with progressing age. Distinct differences were apparent by 36 weeks. Around the 80 week period and onward these differences became profound. However, qualitative ultrastructural investigation did not indicate either any aberrant tissue ultrastructure or any abnormal collagen fibril forms in FM-null articular cartilage compared with WT. Biochemical and immunohistochemical investigation of FM-null articular cartilage showed a significant increase in tissue levels of lumican (LUM). Conversely, the cruciate ligaments of the knee showed both an increase in LUM content and considerable structural abnormalities including the tendency towards rupture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report indicates for the first time that FM-null mice have a higher propensity towards degenerative changes in their knee joints than comparable WT animals. Interestingly, no underlying ultrastructural or fibril abnormalities within the articular cartilage could be identified to explain why FM-null cartilage is more prone to pathological changes than wild-type tissue. We conclude that alterations in ligaments, and possibly other tissues within the knee, are of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of the observed articular cartilage degeneration.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D000071234:Lumican; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011509:Proteoglycans
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000604332:Fmod protein, mouse; C000604307:Lum protein, mouse; D000071234:Lumican; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D003094:Collagen; D007632:Keratan Sulfate