title: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous/subcutaneous Enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.
abstract: Plasma anti-Xa activity after Enoxaparin administration in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been well established. Patients presenting with non-ST-elevation ACS received an initial dose (0.75 mg/kg) of Enoxaparin intravenously (IV), with subsequent doses (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously (SC) beginning 8 hr following the IV dose. Patients who underwent PCI within 4 hr of the IV dose or 8 hr of the SC dose did not receive additional Enoxaparin. All others received 0.3-0.4 mg/kg additional IV Enoxaparin at the time of PCI. All patients undergoing PCI received a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor and clopidogrel. Mean plasma anti-Xa activity (units/ml) 10 min and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr after IV dose was 2.29 +/- 0.39, 0.99 +/- 0.29, 0.58 +/- 0.14, 0.36 +/- 0.13, 0.24 +/- 0.11, respectively. Mean Plasma anti-Xa activity 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr after SC dose was 1.01 +/- 0.22, 1.13 +/- 0.27, 1.1 +/- 0.41, 0.84 +/- 0.19, 0.62 +/- 0.24, and 0.46 +/- 0.21, respectively. Mean plasma anti-Xa activity at the start and end of PCI was 1.27 +/- 0.41 and 1.07 +/- 0.42, respectively. In conclusion, adequate anticoagulation with Enoxaparin may be achieved within 10 min after an IV dose of 0.75 mg/kg. High-risk ACS patients requiring urgent PCI may benefit from this approach. PCI may be performed without additional anticoagulation within 4 hr of IV or 8 hr of SC Enoxaparin. PCI 4-8 hr after IV dose or 8-12 hr after SC dose will require additional IV Enoxaparin 0.3-0.4 mg/kg to ensure therapeutic anti-Xa activity.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin