title: SN-38 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human testicular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CPT-11 is one of the most widely used camptothecin analogues and is converted to form the active metabolite SN-38. Clinical trials are ongoing to better characterize its spectra of clinical activity, to determine the optimal schedules of administration, and to define the usage in combination with other chemotherapeutic compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  KU-MT, an AFP-producing testicular carcinoma cell line, was exposed to SN-38, etoposide, or cisplatin for 24 h, and the resulting cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazonium bromide (MTT) assay. This paper describes the effects of SN-38 on the cell proliferation and cell cycle of testicular tumor cells in culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SN-38 was shown to inhibit KU-MT cell growth more potently than either etoposide or cisplatin. A marked decrease in the percentage of S phase cells was accompanied by the enhancement of cyclin E levels. In concentrations of >30 nmol/l, SN-38 arrested the cell cycle in G2 and induced cell death via apoptosis. The apoptosis was promoted by Bax and p53 protein, which were both shown to be present by flow cytometric and Western blot analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CPT-11, a pro-drug of SN-38, may be clinically useful for the treatment of testicular cancer, and that the mechanism of this agent's cytotoxicity consists of cell cycle arrest and concomitant apoptosis.
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D005047:Etoposide; D000077146:Irinotecan; D004247:DNA; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002945:Cisplatin; D002166:Camptothecin