title: Continuous production of L-phenylalanine by Rhodotorula glutinis immobilized cells using a column reactor.
abstract: Studies have been conducted on L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) production and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) stabilization in the presence of several optimum effectors and reducing agents under bioconversion of transcinnamic acid (t-CA) conditions during repeated batch operations. L-Phe production was maximized and reuseability of PAL catalyst was extended to eight consecutive cycles (repeated batches) in the presence of optimum effectors (glutamic acid, polyethylene glycol and glycerol), thioglycolic acid and sparging with nitrogen gas. These best optimum bioconversion conditions desensitize the PAL catalyst to substantially elevated higher substrate t-CA concentrations and inhibit inactivation of PAL enzyme over longer reaction periods compared to the control. The fed batch mode operation of bioconversion of total t-CA (300 mM) to L-Phe was superior (65.2%, conversion), comparing with conventional batch and repeated batch (58.4%, conversion) operations after 120 h. Gamma irradiation process was employed to polymerize and crosslink polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (BIS) agent. The use of immobilized PAL biocatalyst containing cells in PVA-BIS copolymer gel carrier produced by radiation polymerization is obviously advantageous with regards to the yield of L-Phe which was increased in average 1.2-fold when compare to those obtained with free cells during optimum bioconversion process. When comparing the magnitudes of gamma irradiation effects on immobilized entrapped yeast cells in PVA-BIS copolymer gel carrier using scanning electron microscopy it was show that yeast cells were protected and capable to overcome these conditions and had normal shape and other features as free (unirradiated) intact yeast cells. Optimum conditions for continuous production of L-Phe by PVA-BIS copolymer carrier entrapped yeast cells in a packed bed column reactor in recycle fed-batch mode were investigated. Under these optimum conditions L-Phe accumulated to concentration 240.1 mM represts a total conversion yield of 80% (w/w) from (300 mM) t-CA after 84 h of reaction process, which was higher than that obtained after 120 h of reaction, 65.2% (w/w) from (300 mM) t-CA with free cells in fed-batch mode. The results also demonstrated that during about 4 weeks of repeated continuous recycle fed batch mode experiments (using immobilized cells in packed bed reactor), the final production of L-Phe concentrations decreased gradually in eight consecutive runs with no sign of breakage or disintegration of the carrier gel beads.
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D002934:Cinnamates; D013864:Thioglycolates; C029010:cinnamic acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010649:Phenylalanine; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; C021221:N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide