title: Absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow in the umbilical artery and abnormal Doppler cerebroplacental ratio--cognitive, neurological and somatic development at 3 to 6 years.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the cognitive, neurological and somatic developments of children who had in utero an absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow (ARED) in the umbilical artery or an abnormal cerebroplacental ratio (ABF).
  
  
  METHODS
  16 children with ARED blood flow and 15 children with ABF were each matched to children with the same gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, the same sex and born within 4 months. Data were assessed at the age of 3-6 years. Children with asphyxia, neonatal infection, malformation or major surgical interventions in the neonatal period were excluded. Each child underwent a neuropediatrical examination; furthermore, a Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, a Snijders-Oomen Intelligence Scale for Children and a Man-Drawing Test were used to evaluate cognitive development. The socioeconomic status was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children in the ARED group remained lighter and had a higher frequency of microcephaly. In the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Snijders-Oomen Intelligence Scale for Young Children, cognitive development was impaired in the ARED and the ABF groups compared to the control group. The ARED and the ABF groups, however, showed no differences. The Man-Drawing Test and the Denver Development Test did not show any differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARED blood flow and ABF showed impaired cognitive development. The degree of impairment was the same in the ARED and the ABF groups. Long-term follow-up studies until adulthood are necessary to see if impaired cognitive development remains significant in these groups of patients.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021041:Placental Circulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*