title: Antimicrobial release kinetics from polymethylmethacrylate in a novel continuous flow chamber.
abstract: Polymethylmethacrylate is used for local delivery of antimicrobials in the treatment of musculoskeletal infections. A novel continuous flow chamber system was designed to measure in vitro antimicrobial release. Three-millimeter beads containing amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or vancomycin [concentration of 7.5% (weight per weight)] were placed individually in a continuous flow chamber with a total volume of 1 mL Kreb's Ringer buffer flowing at 1 mL/hour. Effluent was sampled hourly for 24 hours and then every 2 hours up to 48 hours; antimicrobial concentrations were measured in triplicate by bioassay. The mean peak concentrations were 40.9, 30.1, 30.0, and 19.1 microg/mL; the mean areas under the concentration time curves (Time 0 to infinity) were 263, 327, 110, and 180 hours x microg/mL of antibiotic; and the mean percentages of initial amount of antimicrobial released were 11.7%, 14.5%, 6.6%, and 10.9% for tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and vancomycin, respectively. The results for each polymethylmethacrylate-antimicrobial agent combination were reproducible. In contrast to other in vitro elution systems, this novel system operates under the premise that there is dynamic flow surrounding polymethylmethacrylate in vivo and permits rapid in vitro comparison of the relative release of antimicrobial agents from polymethylmethacrylate.
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005839:Gentamicins; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D000583:Amikacin; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D014031:Tobramycin