title: Vocalization responses after intrathecal administration of ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists in rats.
abstract: Inotropic glutamate receptors in the spinal cord (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid [NMDA], alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid [AMPA], and kainate receptors) seem to play a key role in acute pain transmission and the neuronal plasticity in chronic pain states. Vocalization responses produced by activation of these receptors on the pain pathways can be quantified semiautomatically and thus could be used as a research tool. We studied vocalization responses induced by intrathecal administration of various agonists acting at the glutamate receptors in normal rats and in the presence of peripheral inflammation and a chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. The nonselective endogenous agonist, glutamate, and the NMDA receptor glycine site agonist D-serine did not produce vocalization, whereas selective agonists acting at AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors produced dose-related vocalization responses. The vocalization response evoked by the administration of AMPA was significantly increased in the neuropathic pain model. In conclusion, spinal administration of ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists produce short-lasting, dose-related vocalization responses that can be used as a basic research and screening tool for analgesic studies. However, peripheral inflammation or nerve injury did not substantially alter vocalization responses overall, possibly indicating that the vocalization test is not a good tool for studying the role of excitatory amino acids in these pathological pain conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vocalization responses evoked by spinal administration of ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists can be used for experimental analgesic studies. However, pathological pain models did not substantially alter vocalization responses, possibly indicating that this test is not suitable for studying the role of spinal excitatory amino acids in central sensitization.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009161:Mycobacterium; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects*; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate