title: Long-term urological outcome of patients presenting with persistent cloaca.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistent cloaca is a complex malformation with variable presentation that remains a difficult reconstructive challenge. Previous reviews have concentrated on surgical technique, and data on long-term outcome are scarce. We evaluate long-term outcome and when possible correlate outcome with anatomy at presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records and radiographs of 64 patients 0.5 to 25 years old with persistent cloaca treated at 1 institution from 1975 to 2000 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the outcome for urinary and fecal continence. Outcome data were available in 61 girls as 3 died. Of these patients 11 were younger than 3 years, making evaluation of continence difficult, and so the remaining 50 patients constitute the study population. Mean patient age at review was 11.3 years (range 4 to 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 50 patients 10 (20%) are incontinent of urine (4 with urinary diversion) and 40 (80%) are socially continent, including 11 (22%) who void spontaneously, 6 (12%) who perform clean intermittent catheterization alone and 23 (46%) who underwent reconstructive surgery. Fecal continence was achieved in 30 (60%) of patients and 40% are fecal incontinent or have a stoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients born with a cloacal malformation can achieve social fecal and urinary control, although in 46% additional reconstructive surgery was required. The presence of a good bladder neck, short common channel, a normal sacrum and 2 normal kidneys indicates improved prognosis for urinary continence. Achieving normal voiding continence in a child with a cloacal malformation still represents an enormous surgical challenge.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*