title: Carbon coating of stents has no effect on inflammatory response to primary stent deployment.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stent carbon coating on inflammatory response. The authors serially measured plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and several cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-1-beta, IL-6, and IL-8) in patients with single-vessel coronary stenosis who underwent primary stent implantation. None of the subjects had inflammatory or infectious disease at the time of the procedure. Forty-six patients (38 males; mean age 55 +/-9 years) were studied. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after stent implantation. Patients were randomly assigned 1 of 2 different stent types, an uncoated MAC (AMG Raesfeld-Erle, Germany) (UC-MAC) or a carbon-coated MAC (CC-MAC) stent. Implantations were performed without predilatation, and stents were deployed at a maximum pressure of 6 atmospheres for 90 seconds. Of the 46 patients, 14 had stable, 27 had unstable, and 5 had atypical angina. According to ACC/AHA classification, 35 lesions (76.1%) were type A, 10 (21.7%) were type B, and 1 (2.2%) was type C. Single stenosis of 28 left anterior descending, 12 circumflex, and 6 right coronary arteries were treated. Serum IL-6 increased in both the UC-MAC and CC-MAC groups, with concentrations significantly elevated above baseline at 6 hours, and then decreasing after 24 hours (baseline, 6-hour, and 24-hour values = 3.1 +/-2.3, 5.7 +/-3.8, and 6.3 +/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively, in UC-MAC; 3.7 +/-2.6, 6.2 +/-6.0, and 4.6 +/-3.7 pg/mL, respectively, in CC-MAC [p=0.002]). Plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and leukocyte concentrations also increased in both groups over the 24 hours (p < 0.05). The elevations of IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen were similar in the 2 groups. The percent increases in IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP were not associated with stent length, size, or clinical presentation (all p > 0.05). The results showed that stent implantation increases plasma IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, but carbon coating of the stent does not seem to affect this inflammatory response.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000628:therapy; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000628:therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002244:Carbon; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013193:Stainless Steel; D002244:Carbon; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein