title: How many of the offspring born to teenage fathers are produced by repeated serious delinquents?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have found an association between teenage fatherhood and delinquency. Yet, it is not clear whether there is a dose response relationship between the severity of delinquency and teenage fatherhood. This paper quantifies the public health impact of serious delinquency on the risk of impregnation and teenage fatherhood among urban, adolescent males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data up to age 19, rates of sexual activity, impregnation and fatherhood are compared among three groups: minor/non-delinquents, moderate delinquents and repeat serious delinquents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrate a dose response relationship between delinquency and age of onset of sexual activity, whereby more serious delinquents began having sex at younger ages. By age 19, almost half of repeat serious delinquents (46.7%) had caused a pregnancy, and nearly a third (31.4%) had fathered children. Rates of impregnation and fatherhood were twice as high among repeat serious delinquents compared with moderate and minor/non-delinquents. Repeat serious delinquents were also more likely than others to father multiple children; of the children produced by teenage fathers in this study, almost two-thirds (65%) were fathered by repeat serious delinquents. During late adolescence, repeat serious delinquents continued to be at greater risk for fathering children, as they were continuing to have unsafe sex more frequently and with more partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat serious delinquents comprise a crucial but hard-to-reach population for family planning services and parenthood education. Programmes and services for teenage pregnancy prevention need extra funding and efforts to address this population, in terms of both the primary prevention of pregnancy and the prevention of repeat pregnancies.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005220:Fathers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007086:Illegitimacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D021841:Safe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*