title: Intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy for superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: results of a randomized trial with epirubicin comparing short-term versus long-term maintenance treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravesical instillation of epirubicin (EPI) is one of the most effective adjuvant therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection. We evaluated the optimal duration of EPI instillation in a multi-institution prospective randomized clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1995 and May 1998, a total of 125 patients with superficial bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma grade 1 or 2) were enrolled in this study, and 102 patients were fully evaluated for recurrence. Two protocols for intravesical therapy (arm A - 30 mg EPI/30 ml saline 19 times over 1 year; arm B - 30 mg EPI/30 ml 12 times over 5 months) were established. Instillations were given every week for 4 weeks and then every 2 weeks for 4 months in arm B. After 5 months of treatment, maintenance was performed with seven further instillations (one every month for 7 months) in arm A. The analyzed background factors were the therapeutic method, gender, history (primary or recurrent tumor), stage (T classification), grade, number of tumors, and tumor size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the analyzed background factors between the two arms, and there were no serious side effects in the study. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the overall 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 48.5% in arm A and 55.1% in arm B. The difference between the two groups was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis indicated that extended prophylactic maintenance instillation of EPI was not significantly effective in reducing bladder cancer recurrence.
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin