title: A prospective study of pain treatment for patients with advanced cancer who receive hospice home care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is often inadequately treated in patients with cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder in cancer pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 131 consecutive patients with advanced cancer referred to a hospice home care program were enrolled over one year period from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2000. We assessed the adequacy of prescribed analgesic drugs using guidelines developed by the WHO. Age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, pain mechanism at referral, pain and symptom intensity, and doses and days of drug administration during the course of treatment were recorded at regular intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-two percent of the patients (107 of 131) had pain symtoms at referral. Forty-seven patients were excluded from this study due to inadequate follow-up times or inability to express the pain intensity. Sixty patients who had measurable pain intensity requiring analgesic therapy were followed up until death for a mean duration of 65 days. At referral, 46% of the patients (28 of 60) received inadequate treatment. In the last week of life, 2%, 26% and 70% of patients were taking non-opioid drugs, moderate opioids and strong opioids, respectively. A significant improvement in pain and symptom intensity was achieved after referral. A minority of the patients (10%) had inadequate pain control in the last week of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a managed hospice home care system enables patients to receive adequate pain treatment, according to WHO guidelines.
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006699:Home Care Services; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization