title: Equal opportunity and the quantity and quality of Japanese children.
abstract: "This paper constructs and estimates a simple model of Japanese completed fertility.  The analytical model shows that as a woman's lifetime wage rises, there is a decline in average 'quality' per child, but the effect on the quantity of children is ambiguous.  Estimation of the model with rare household level data shows that increases in the husband's permanent income raises completed fertility for high income couples, but lowers fertility for the low income.  If the wife's education is an appropriate instrument for her lifetime wage, then a rise in the wife's lifetime wage appears to lower her demand for children."
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001208:Asia; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005298:Fertility; D007182:Income; D007564:Japan; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012106:Research; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Age Factors; Asia; Child; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Eastern Asia; Economic Factors; Educational Status--women; Family And Household; Family Characteristics; Family Size; Fertility; Income; Inequalities; Japan; Macroeconomic Factors; Models, Theoretical; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Research Methodology; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Time Factors; Wages--women; Youth