Myeloperoxidase-associated tyrosine nitration after intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide in rats.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the lung results in tyrosine nitration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite pathway to the tyrosine nitration in lipopolysaccharide-administered lungs of rats that were otherwise untreated or leukocyte-depleted by cyclophosphamide or received inhaled nitric oxide (NO).


METHODS
The authors analyzed the immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (a product of the myeloperoxidase or peroxynitrite pathway), and chlorotyrosine (a byproduct of the myeloperoxidase pathway) by use of specific antibodies. The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and levels of myeloperoxidase activity in lung homogenates were also measured.


RESULTS
Lipopolysaccharide enhanced the immunoreactivity of iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and chlorotyrosine in alveolar wall cells, alveolar macrophages, and neutrophils. Leukocyte depletion by cyclophosphamide and inhibition of leukocyte accumulation in the lungs by NO inhalation did not eliminate the increase in iNOS immunoreactivity in alveolar macrophages after lipopolysaccharide treatment, but nitrotyrosine and chlorotyrosine were not produced in these cells. Tyrosine nitration in response to lipopolysaccharide was associated with increases in neutrophil count in BALF and in myeloperoxidase activity in lung homogenates, whereas NO inhalation suppressed the neutrophil count in BALF and reduced tyrosine nitration and chlorination.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that myeloperoxidase pathway has a role in tyrosine nitration in the lungs of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats, and that NO inhalation during early phase of inflammation does not increase but rather decreases tyrosine nitration and chlorination, possibly by reducing neutrophil sequestration.
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000477:Alkylating Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009566:Nitrates; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D009195:Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat