title: Effects of carbonated water on functional dyspepsia and constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of carbonated beverages on the gastrointestinal tract have been poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of carbonated water intake in patients with functional dyspepsia and constipation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with dyspepsia and secondary constipation were randomized into two groups in a double-blind fashion. One group (10 subjects) drank carbonated water and the other (11 subjects) tap water for almost 15 days. Patients were evaluated for dyspepsia and constipation scores, and underwent a satiety test by a liquid meal, radionuclide gastric emptying, sonographic gallbladder emptying and colonic transit time, using radio-opaque markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dyspepsia score was significantly reduced with carbonated water (before = 7.9 +/- 2.8 after = 5.4 +/- 1.7; 0.05) and remained unmodified after tap water (9.7 +/- 5.3 9.9 +/- 4.0). The constipation score also decreased significantly ( 0.05) after carbonated water (16.0 +/- 3.9 12.1 +/- 4.4; 0.05) and was not significantly different with tap water (14.7 +/- 5.1 13.7 +/- 4.7). Satiety was significantly reduced with carbonated water (before = 447 +/- 146 kcal after = 590 +/- 245; 0.01). Gallbladder emptying (delta percent contraction) was significantly improved only with carbonated water (39.9 +/- 16.1% 53.6 +/- 16.7%; 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients complaining of functional dyspepsia and constipation, carbonated water decreases satiety and improves dyspepsia, constipation and gallbladder emptying.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D003248:Constipation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water