title: Treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica with topical psoralen plus ultraviolet A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare skin disease, mostly seen on the legs and often occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus. The disease belongs to the idiopathic cutaneous palisading granulomatous dermatitides associated with a degeneration of collagen, thus leading to skin atrophy. Application of topical corticosteroids is the most widely used treatment but the results are not always satisfactory and may worsen skin atrophy. Preliminary studies in patients with NL have shown a clinical response with psoralen plus ultraviolet (UV) A (PUVA). Objectives To study the effect of topical PUVA on NL in a multicentre prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (27 women and three men) including 13 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, with a diagnosis of NL proven by histopathology, were included. All patients had been unsuccessfully treated with topical and/or intralesional corticosteroids. Patients were treated twice weekly with an aqueous gel containing 0.005% psoralen followed by irradiation with UVA. Clinical photographs were taken for evaluation. In addition, 20-MHz high-frequency ultrasound analysis was performed in 10 patients to evaluate the thickness and density of the dermis during topical PUVA therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (17%) showed complete clearing (healing of ulceration and disappearance of erythema) after a mean of 22 exposures (range 15-30). Eleven patients (37%) showed improvement, defined as healing of ulceration and/or reduction of erythema, after a mean of 23 exposures (range 11-42). Ten patients (33%) showed no effect and four patients (13%) worsened during topical PUVA therapy. The treatment results of the patients who suffered from diabetes mellitus were not different from those who did not have diabetes mellitus. No difference was seen in mean dermal thickness (1666 vs. 1706 micro m) and density (17 vs. 16 units) before and after topical PUVA therapy. Side-effects were seen in 10 patients: hyperpigmentation (n = 4), blistering (n = 4) and bacterial infection (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical PUVA may be a useful treatment modality for NL in patients not responding to topical or intralesional corticosteroids.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007868:Leg Dermatoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009335:Necrobiosis Lipoidica / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011701:PUVA Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography