title: Using stable isotopes to assess the bioavailability of minerals in food fortification programs.
abstract: The fortification of various types of food with minerals is often undertaken without consideration of either their bioavailability or the potential nutrient-nutrient interactions resulting from their use. Stable isotopes provide a safe and accessible method of resolving these issues by providing the proper evidence in each case. They must be conducted according to strict safety and ethical guidelines and may be readily conducted in a field setting. Clinical studies in children enable researchers, policymakers, and food manufacturers to obtain the data necessary to determine the best way to fortify specific foods and beverages, in order to optimally enhance the nutritional health of growing children. We have shown the utility of this approach in studies in both developing countries and in the United States.
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D004347:Drug Interactions; D002523:Edible Grain; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007554:Isotopes; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D007554:Isotopes; D008903:Minerals; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc