title: ATP-induced in vivo neurotoxicity in the rat striatum via P2 receptors.
abstract: The present study examined the effects of ATP on the striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. Intrastriatal administration of ATP produced dose-dependent striatal lesions as confirmed by cresyl violet staining. Additional immunostaining using neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), OX-42 and GFAP antibodies revealed that ATP caused death of both neurons and glial cells. The nonmetabolizable ATP analogue ATPgammaS and P2X receptor agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP) mimicked ATP effects, whereas either P2Y receptor agonist ADP or P1 receptor agonist adenosine did not. The P2 receptor antagonist reactive blue 2, but not pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS) attenuated ATP-induced striatal injury. These results suggest that intrastriatal administration of ATP causes P2X receptor-mediated cell death in the striatum and support the hypothesis that extracellular ATP can be an important mediator of neuropathological events of brain injuries.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051926:Basigin; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D030161:Avian Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; C102624:Bsg protein, Gallus gallus; C079432:Bsg protein, rat; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058469:Receptors, Purinergic P2X; D051926:Basigin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate