title: Safety of tissue plasminogen activator for acute stroke in menstruating women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Menses is a theoretical contraindication to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. We sought to establish the safety of intravenous tPA in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in women who are actively menstruating.
  
  
  METHODS
  We provide a case report and review of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) database for women coded as actively menstruating. Nine subjects were coded as actively menstruating in the NINDS trial (4 placebo and 5 in the treatment). One subject in the treatment group who had a 1-year history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding required emergent uterine artery ligation. We also report a case of a woman requiring transfusion after intravenous tPA administration for acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous tPA may be administered relatively safely in women who are menstruating and should be used with caution in women with a history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Potential patients should be advised that they might require transfusion for increased menstrual flow.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator