title: Effects of hypertonic saline, alternate day and daily rhDNase on healthcare use, costs and outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Daily recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) is an established but expensive treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF). An alternative lower cost therapy is hypertonic saline (HS), which has been shown to improve lung function in short term studies. This study compares the costs and consequences of daily rhDNase with alternate day rhDNase and HS in children with CF.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open, randomised, crossover trial, 48 children with CF were allocated consecutively to 12 weeks of once daily 2.5 mg rhDNase, alternate day 2.5 mg rhDNase, and twice daily 5 ml 7% HS. Outcomes assessed included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and quality of life. All healthcare resource use was prospectively recorded for each patient. Unit costs were collected and combined with resource use data to give the total health service costs per patient for each treatment strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily rhDNase resulted in a significantly greater increase in mean FEV(1) than HS (8%, 95% CI 2 to 14) but there was no significant difference in FEV(1) between daily and alternate day rhDNase (2%, 95% CI -4 to 9). Over a 12 week period the mean incremental costs of daily rhDNase compared with HS was pound 1409 (95% CI pound 440 to pound 2318), and the incremental cost of using daily rather than alternate day rhDNase was pound 513 (95% CI - pound 546 to pound 1510).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily rhDNase is more effective than 5 ml 7% HS twice daily delivered by jet nebuliser, but significantly increases healthcare costs. Administering rhDNase on an alternate day rather than a daily basis is as effective, with a potential for cost savings.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; C085693:DNASE1 protein, human; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I