title: Long term enhancement of the IgG2 antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b by breast-feeding.
abstract: METHODS
  Sets of sera were obtained from 30 children <6 years of age with invasive type b (Hib) infection and their mothers. Duration and mode of breast-feeding were monitored. Titers of IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM antibodies against Hib capsular polysaccharide were determined in sera taken during the acute illness and during early and late convalescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children 18 months or older with longer durations of exclusive breast-feeding (13 weeks or more; mean, 19.3 weeks) had higher Hib antibody concentrations of the IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM isotypes than those with a shorter duration of exclusive breast-feeding (<13 weeks; mean, 5.4 weeks). The difference was greatest for the IgG2 isotype. In regression analyses the association between the duration of exclusive breast-feeding and the anti-Hib IgG2 concentration was significant when breast-feeding, type of Hib infection, maternal Hib antibody titer and age were used as explanatory factors. In the group of 14 children <18 months of age no significant differences were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the presence of a long lasting enhancing effect of breast-feeding on the antibody response to Hib in children, in particular on IgG2 Hib antibody production. This may result from the content in the milk of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-producing cells and possibly other factors, which can support IgG2 antibody production.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004826:Epiglottitis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D019741:Haemophilus influenzae type b / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G