Effect of maternal dietary vitamin C intake on the level of vitamin C in breastmilk among nursing mothers in Baghdad, Iraq.
The vitamin C content of breastmilk was investigated in a group of nursing mothers attending maternal and child health centers in Baghdad during 1998-2000. Two hundred healthy, nonsmoking, 28- to 38-year-old lactating women were studied. Individual samples of breastmilk were obtained for estimation of vitamin C. Dietary data were collected by using 24-hour food recalls. The mean intake of vitamin C was far below the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization requirement of 26 +/- 2.13 (SD) mg/day). The vitamin C content of breastmilk was significantly correlated with the maternal intake of vitamin C (r = 0.61, p < .01). The vitamin C content of breastmilk varied with the season. The level was much higher in summer (3.9 +/- 1.05 mg/100 ml) than in winter (3.02 +/- 2.01 mg/100 ml; p < .05). This fluctuation indicates the dependence of breastmilk vitamin C on dietary intake. The results show the need to increase the consumption of vegetables and fruits and to monitor maternal ascorbic acid intake.
D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012621:Seasons; D014675:Vegetables
D001205:Ascorbic Acid