title: The median approach to transsacral epidural block.
abstract: Transsacral epidural block may be useful for surgery or cancer pain affecting the rectal, anal, or urethral region. The procedure through the dorsal sacral foramen is difficult because of the long insertion route. We investigated whether the transsacral epidural block could be simplified by using a median approach instead of a lateral approach through the foramen. Thirty patients for transurethral resection of bladder tumor had a catheter placed 5 cm cephalad at S2-3 (15 patients) or caudal (15 patients) epidural space using a 19-gauge Tuohy needle by the median approach. Lidocaine 2% 15 mL was administered for anesthesia. Anesthesia level (sensory block to cold), hemodynamics, and side effects were compared between the two approaches. The success rate of anesthesia was 87% for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (proximal anesthesia level higher than T10) and 100% for the sacral region (S1-5) in both groups. The highest level of anesthesia (median, T8 in the S2-3 group and T9 in the caudal group) was obtained in 20 min in both groups. No side effects were observed. We conclude that the median transsacral epidural approach is technically feasible in adults and presents an alternative to caudal block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The median approach to transsacral epidural block has been described in children. We found that it is technically feasible in adults and presents an alternative to caudal block for procedures on the rectal, anal, or urethral region.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine