title: Mucosal immunization with inactivated human immunodeficiency virus plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces genital immune responses and protection against intravaginal challenge.
abstract: Vaccines capable of protecting against sexually transmitted infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), will depend on the induction of potent long-lasting mucosal immune responses in the genital tract. We evaluated vaginal and systemic immune responses and protection from vaginal challenge elicited after intranasal immunization of mice with inactivated glycoprotien 120-depleted HIV-1 immunogen alone or in combination with immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen plus CpG ODN had significantly enhanced levels of anti-protein 24 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies in serum and vaginal washes and increased production of beta-chemokines and interferon-gamma, compared with mice immunized with HIV-1 immunogen alone or with control ODN. Furthermore, mice intranasally immunized with HIV-1 immunogen plus CpG were protected against intravaginal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 gag. These results indicate that mucosal immunization with whole-killed HIV-1 plus CpG ODN may be an effective means of inducing local immunity and protection against genital infection.
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated