Actin Localization during Fucus Embryogenesis.
Embryogenesis in the Fucales serves as a model system for studying the acquisition of cellular and developmental polarity. Fertilized eggs bear no asymmetry, yet within 16 hours, a developmental axis is formed and the unicellular zygote germinates in accordance with this axis. Microfilaments (actin) play a crucial role in establishing the axis as evidenced by the inhibitory effects of cytochalasins on axis fixation. The cellular content of actin was determined by immunoblot, whereas the localization of F-actin was investigated using the fluorescent probe rhodamine phalloidin. Three isoforms of actin were detected in constant amounts at all developmental stages. Actin networks were found to be distributed uniformly in eggs and zygotes through the period of early zygote development when the polar axis was formed. However, as the polar axis became irreversibly fixed in space, actin was localized at the presumptive germination site by a cytochalasin-sensitive process. This correlation supports the proposal that actin networks play a critical role in axis fixation, and is consistent with our hypothesis that this process involves stabilization of membrane components by transmembrane bridges from the cell wall to the microfilament cytoskeleton.