title: Gastric distension and duodenal lipid infusion modulate intestinal gas transit and tolerance in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with unexplained abdominal complaints often attribute their symptoms to intestinal gas and indicate that symptoms are exacerbated by ingestion of a meal. However, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Our aim was to analyze the specific influence of two meal-related factors, gastric distension, and intestinal nutrients, on intestinal gas dynamics and tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 35 healthy subjects, gas evacuation and perception of jejunal gas infusion (12 ml/min) were measured for 3 h, during simultaneous duodenal infusion of saline, as control, lipids at 1 Kcal/min, or gastric distension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of lipids into the duodenum induced gas retention (584 +/- 154 ml, p < 0.05 vs 161 +/- 86 ml after saline infusion) without perception (2.2 +/- 0.5 score), whereas gastric distension induced perception (score 5.6 +/- 0.4, p < 0.05 vs score 1.9 +/- 0.4 after saline) without gas retention (7 +/- 205 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different meal-related factors exert specific effects on intestinal gas dynamics and tolerance, and these mechanisms may interact to produce postprandial gas symptoms.
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous