Sperm membrane modulation by Sapindus mukorossi during sperm maturation.
OBJECTIVE
To observe the alterations in the biochemical and biophysical changes in the sperm membrane during sperm maturation in male rats treated with the water extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi.


METHODS
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged the aqueous extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d for 45 days. On day 46, the sperm parameters were observed in different sections of the epididymis and the sperm superoxide dismutase and the lipid peroxidation was determined and compared with the controls. The testis and epididymis were routinely prepared for histological examination under the light microscope.


RESULTS
No significant differences in the sperm number and morphology were observed between the control and treated groups. However, a significant inhibition (P<0.05-0.01) of sperm motility in the caput, corpus and cauda regions of the epididymis was seen in the treated group. No significant histopathological changes were found in the testis and epididymis. The important finding was that in the treated animals, the spermatozoa showed an abnormal distribution of the superoxide dismutase activity, being minimum in the caput and maximum in the corpus, which was just opposite to that of the controls.


CONCLUSIONS
The study provides a unique observation where the plant extract alters the sperm membrane physiology without change the testicular and epididymal morphology.
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D032127:Sapindus; D013079:Sperm Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D028321:Plant Preparations; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase