title: Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in local lesions of endometriosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human endometrial glands contain the highest levels of cyclooxygenase (COX), although whether it is COX-1 and/or COX-2 has not been previously determined. Overexpression of COX-2 may result in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue sections were obtained from 28 premenopausal women undergoing laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery for benign conditions. Endometrium, ectopic endometriosis tissue and peritoneum were obtained at the time of surgery. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients participating in this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed on consecutive sections of paraffin-embedded tissue using anti-COX-2 antibody. Expressions of COX-2 mRNA in endometrium, ectopic endometriosis tissue, and peritoneum were quantitavely determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the uterus, COX-2 was localized in the endometrial epithelium. Eutopic endometrial surface epithelium contains more COX-2 than does glandular epithelium. We observed more frequent and denser COX-2 staining in the ectopic endometriosis implants when compared with eutopic endometrium. Level of COX-2 mRNA in endometriosis was increased up to five times that of eutopic endometria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyper activation of COX-2 with abnormal prostaglandin generation is considered to contribute to the pathophysiology of endometriosis and disease progression.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases