title: Excimer laser-assisted high-flow extracranial/intracranial bypass in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion at high risk of recurrent cerebral ischemia: safety and long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine safety and long-term outcome of the excimer laser-assisted high-flow extracranial/intracranial (EC/IC) bypass in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion (CAO) at high risk of recurrent stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospectively collected cohort of 103 patients with symptomatic CAO, 15 patients were selected for excimer laser-assisted EC/IC bypass surgery on the basis of predefined selection criteria: (1) transient or moderately disabling symptoms of focal cerebral ischemia, not symptoms of the retina only; (2) continuing symptoms after documentation of the CAO; (3) evidence of a possible hemodynamic origin of symptoms; and (4) informed consent of the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients underwent the operation without complications One patient had a severely disabling stroke (Rankin grade 4) 11 days after the operation; the bypass was found occluded on reoperation. Two other patients had a moderately disabling stroke (Rankin grade 3) immediately after the operation. One patient died of myocardial infarction 1 day after surgery. Median follow-up time was 27 months. Of the 11 patients who underwent the operation without complications, 1 died 17 months after the operation of a brainstem stroke, and another patient had a new stroke ipsilateral to his CAO 10 months after the operation but without a change in Rankin grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excimer laser-assisted high-flow EC/IC bypass operation is a potentially promising procedure in patients with symptomatic CAO and a presumably high risk of recurrent stroke, but the procedure carries a definite risk. This risk is probably related not only to the procedure itself but also to the selection of patients.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017222:Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents