title: Evaluating the antioxidant status of weanling pigs fed dietary vitamins A and E.
abstract: Two experiments evaluated the relationship of vitamin E (source and level) and vitamin A (level) on the apparent absorption and retention of both vitamins in weaned pigs. Both experiments used a combined total of 460 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire x Landrace] x Duroc), housed in elevated 1.2- x 1.2-m crates containing five pigs per pen. Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design conducted in seven replicates. Levels of vitamin A (2,200 or 13,200 IU/kg), vitamin E (15 or 90 IU/kg), and two vitamin E sources (D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate [D-TAc] or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate [DL-TAc]) were evaluated over a 35-d period. Vitamin A or E levels and the two vitamin E sources did not affect pig performances to 20 kg BW. Serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations increased (P < 0.01) as the dietary level of each vitamin increased. Serum alpha-tocopherol declined as dietary vitamin E level increased when vitamin A level increased resulting in an interaction (P < 0.05). Serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) at 35-d postweaning when D-TAc was the vitamin E source. Experiment 2 was a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments conducted in six replicates. Three levels of vitamin A (2,200, 13,200, or 26,400 IU/ kg) and two sources of vitamin E (D-TAc or DL-TAc) each provided at 40 IU/kg diet were evaluated over a 35-d period. Pig performances to 35-d postweaning were not affected by the dietary variables. Serum alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.01) and retinol (P < 0.05) concentrations increased as their respective vitamin level increased. Serum (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) alpha-tocopherol concentrations both declined as dietary vitamin A levels increased resulting in interaction responses. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was higher (P < 0.05) at 35-d postweaning when d-TAc was the vitamin E source. Dietary vitamin E sources had no effect on serum or liver retinol concentrations. These results demonstrated that both supplemental vitamin A and vitamin E increased in the blood as their dietary levels increased. However, as dietary vitamin A level increased, serum and liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations declined, suggesting a reduced absorption and retention of alpha-tocopherol when weaned pigs were fed high dietary vitamin A levels.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014886:Weaning; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol