title: Fenamate-induced enhancement of heterologously expressed HERG currents in Xenopus oocytes.
abstract: The human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) product encodes for the pore-forming subunit of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K(+) channel that mediates repolarization of cardiac action potential. HERG channels are also potential targets of a large variety of pharmacological agents most of which tend to block HERG currents. In this study, we examined the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, flufenamic acid and niflumic acid, on heterologously expressed HERG channels in oocytes. The cRNA of HERG (30 ng) was injected into Xenopus oocytes and currents were recorded using two-electrode voltage clamp technique in a low Cl(-) solution. Flufenamic and niflumic acids (10(-4)-5 x 10 (-4) M) enhanced the amplitude of outward currents evoked by depolarizing pulses. At potentials positive to 0 mV, an initial transient component was also evident in the presence of fenamates. Fenamates accelerated the activation rate of HERG channels and decelerated their deactivation. Flufenamic acid (5 x 10 (-4) M) shifted the I(tail)-V relationship from -26.7+/-0.1 to -31.4+/-0.2 mV. Neither flufenamic acid or niflumic acid affected the kinetics of HERG channel inactivation. Using a voltage protocol that mimicked the cardiac action potential, both fenamates increased the outward current during the plateau and during the phase 3 repolarization of action potential. The effects of the fenamates were blocked by the HERG channel blocker, E-4031 and were also not observed in water-injected oocytes. Our data suggest that fenamates enhance HERG currents and affect the action potential duration in the heart.
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C072312:ERG protein, human; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C092509:KCNH6 protein, human; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071230:Transcriptional Regulator ERG; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C001209:fenamic acid