title: Influence of radial glia and Cajal-Retzius cells in neuronal migration.
abstract: Normal development of cerebral cortex depends on proper sequential genesis of cortical neurons and glia. Disruption of corticogenesis in ferret by short-term arresting of cell division using injections of methylazoxy methanol (MAM) leads to a specific constellation of effects, including disruption and early differentiation of radial glia into astrocytes and disorganization of reelin-containing Cajal-Retzius cells. We hypothesize that early interference of normal cortical development removes a factor instrumental in maintaining radial glia in their normal elongated shape. In support of this idea, coculture of MAM-treated slices with normal cortical plate restores radial glia and Cajal-Retzius cells to their normal positions. Recently, we found that conditioned medium obtained from normal organotypic cultures returned radial glia toward their normal morphology only in a fraction of 30-50 kDa molecular weight (MW). To assess whether restoring this factor would also improve effective migration into the cortical plate of E24 MAM-treated animals, we conducted experiments using cocultures of normal cortical plate with organotypic cultures of MAM-treated cortex, which received prior BrdU injections. In both the normal and E24 MAM-treated/normal cortical plate coculture, a greater percentage of BrdU positive cells migrated effectively into the cortical plate. We suggest that early interruption of cell division eliminates a population of cells and a factor important for maintaining proper cortical development, specifically providing cues maintaining elongation of radial glia.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005289:Ferrets; D008746:Methylazoxymethanol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases
chemical_list: D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D008746:Methylazoxymethanol Acetate; C000717128:Reln protein, mouse; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C030667:methylazoxymethanol