title: Migration, self-selection and earnings in Philippine rural communities.
abstract: "Estimated returns to schooling investments can be misleading if migration causes significant shifts in population distribution across time. Data gathered in rural Philippine communities show that the more educated and experienced individuals are more likely to outmigrate, causing a sample selection bias in the estimation of wage equations.  The observed wages were then lower than the conditional population mean of an entire cohort residing originally in the area. Controlling for self-selection, the wage returns to schooling and experience were higher, Finally, the sample selectivity variable accounts substantially for the difference in the wages of men and women."
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D015982:Bias; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D006280:Health Workforce; D010679:Philippines; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012106:Research; D012107:Research Design; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Asia; Bias; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Economic Factors; Error Sources; Estimation Technics; Human Capital; Human Resources; Macroeconomic Factors; Measurement; Migration; Migration, Internal; Philippines; Population; Population Characteristics; Population Dynamics; Research Methodology; Sex Factors; Southeastern Asia; Wages