title: Inhibition of proliferation in human MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma and SK-ES-1 Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo by antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone: effects on insulin-like growth factor II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) can inhibit the proliferation of various tumors either indirectly through the suppression of the pituitary growth hormone/hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis and the lowering of serum IGF-I concentration or directly by reducing the levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and their mRNA expression in tumors and blocking the effect of autocrine GH-RH. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of the GH-RH antagonist JV-1-38 on MNNG/HOS human osteosarcoma and SK-ES-1 human Ewing sarcoma cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of MNNG/HOS or SK-ES-1 tumors were treated subcutaneously with JV-1-38 at a dose of 20 microg twice daily for 4 weeks. The concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II in serum and in tumor tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay. Tumor and liver levels of mRNA for IGF-I and IGF-II were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effects of JV-1-38, IGF-I, and IGF-II on cell proliferation in vitro were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GH-RH antagonist significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the tumor volume and tumor weight of MNNG/HOS and SK-ES-1 tumors by > 50% after 4 weeks and increased tumor doubling time. JV-1-38 lowered the serum IGF-I level, decreased the expression of mRNA for IGF-I in the liver, and significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) reduced the concentration of IGF-II and mRNA levels for IGF-II in both sarcomas. The concentration of IGF-I was lowered only in SK-ES-1 tumors. In vitro, the proliferation of SK-ES-1 and MNNG/HOS cells was inhibited by JV-1-38 and by antisera to IGF-I and IGF-II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibition of MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma and SK-ES-1 Ewing sarcoma by GH-RH antagonists was linked to a suppression of IGF-II production in tumors. However, in SK-ES-1 tumors, the effects on IGF-I also may be involved.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone