title: Therapeutic effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (7-nitroindazole) against MPTP neurotoxicity in mice.
abstract: Effects of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor (7-nitroindazole), nonselective NOS inhibitor (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME), and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (pargyline) were studied on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. The mice received four intraperitoneal injections of MPTP at 1-h intervals. A significant depletion in dopamine and DOPAC concentration was observed in the striatum from 1 day after MPTP treatment. The pretreatment of 7-nitroindazole and pargyline, but not L-NAME, dose-dependently protected against MPTP-induced depletion in dopamine content 3 days after MPTP treatment. Our histochemical study also showed that 7-nitroindazole and pargyline can prevent a marked decrease in the nigral cells and a marked increase in astrocytes in striatum 7 days after MPTP treatment. The protective effect of 7-nitroindazole against MPTP-induced dopamine and DOPAC depletion in the striatum was not attenuated by intraperitoneal pretreatment with L-arginine. Furthermore, the posttreatment of 7-nitroindazole or pargyline protected against MPTP-induced depletion of dopamine content. These results demonstrate that the protective mechanism by which 7-nitroindazole counteracts MPTP neurotoxicity in mice may be due not only to inhibition of nNOS, but also to MAO-B inhibition. Furthermore, our study suggests that the posttreatment of 7-nitroindazole and pargyline can prevent a significant decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic time window and choice of nNOS or MAO inhibitors in patients with Parkinson's disease.
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000378:metabolism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000523:psychology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D010293:Pargyline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007191:Indazoles; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D010293:Pargyline; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D004298:Dopamine