title: Cochlear implants in children with craniofacial syndromes: assessment and outcomes.
abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to review the outcomes for children with craniofacial syndromes who had received a cochlear implant. The group comprised four children (three girls, one boy) aged between 3.3 and 10.1 years (mean 6.3 years) at time of implantation with the Cochlear CI-22M device. Two children had the CHARGE association. one had Goldenhar's syndrome and one had brachio-oculo-facial syndrome. All had full electrode insertion at time of surgery. At follow-up, three of the children demonstrated benefit in detection, recognition and identification of environmental sounds, and they continued to gain receptive spoken language skills, although none had intelligible speech. The group required careful mapping and higher levels of electrical stimulation of the implant compared to normal child implantees. Stimulation of the facial nerve was a problem with one child. The pre-implantation assessment of these children requires extensive interdisciplinary discussion and careful radiological investigation. Cases should be carefully selected. Parents should receive realistic counselling about outcomes and the time commitment necessary, as habilitation of these children can take twice as long as that of children without additional special needs. Post-implantation, these children continue to require well-coordinated medical and interdisciplinary management.
mesh_terms: D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003376:Counseling; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome