Effects of children on parental sex-role orientation.
The predominant theories of gender-role development have focused primarily on childhood; socialization processes for gender roles are explained from birth through adolescence.  The assumption appears to be that gender roles are developed in childhood and implemented, basically unchanged, in adulthood.  There is evidence, however, that gender-role self-perceptions change in adulthood.  This study investigates the effects of sex of children on parental sex-role orientation.  More specifically, an attempt is made to determine if the presence of sons affects sex-role self-concept of parents more than the presence of daughters.  The Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to 153 parental dyads who had daughters only (n=41), sons only (n=41), or an equal number of both sons and daughters (n=71).  Sex of child, especially sons, did appear to have an effect on parents' femininity.  Fathers with sons have lower femininity scores than fathers with daughters only, and mothers with sons have higher femininity scores than mothers with daughters only.
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000569:Americas; D001519:Behavior; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004467:Economics; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005195:Family Relations; D005220:Fathers; D005783:Gender Identity; D009035:Mothers; D009656:North America; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010290:Parents; D011153:Population; D011154:Population Characteristics; D012919:Social Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014933:Women's Rights
Age Factors; Americas; Behavior; Child; Daughters; Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Economic Factors; Family And Household; Family Characteristics; Family Relationships; Fathers; Male Role; Mothers; North America; Northern America; Parents; Population; Population Characteristics; Sex Role; Social Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Sons; United States; Women's Status; Youth