title: Nipradilol inhibits apoptosis by preventing the activation of caspase-3 via S-nitrosylation and the cGMP-dependent pathway.
abstract: To study whether nipradilol, which is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of glaucoma, has a cytoprotective effect, we investigated its effect on the apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal in PC12 cells. Nipradilol has alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor-blocking and nitric oxide (NO)-donating properties. We also investigated the effects of timolol, prazosin and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) on PC12 cell death. Serum withdrawal from PC12 cells resulted in apoptosis, and the survival rate was decreased in a time-dependent manner. The addition of nipradilol to the medium showed a cytoprotective effect on PC12 cell death in a dose-dependent manner, but timolol and prazosin did not. We measured caspase-3 activity to clarify the mechanism of the inhibition of apoptosis in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol (DTT). The caspase-3 activity could be reactivated by DTT. In addition, to investigate the relationship of the cGMP-dependent pathway to the nipradilol-induced cytoprotective effect, we tested the effect of the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823. KT5823 partially reversed the nipradilol-mediated cytoprotective effect. These results indicate that the cytoprotective effect of nipradilol in PC12 cell death was due to the caspase-3 inhibition mediated by NO-related S-nitrosylation and activation of protein kinase G.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D011412:Propanolamines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; C036089:nipradilol; D006152:Cyclic GMP