title: Glass recycling in cement production--an innovative approach.
abstract: An innovative approach of using waste glass in cement production was proposed and tested in a laboratory and cement production plant. The laboratory characterization of 32 types of glass show that the chemical composition of glass does not vary significantly with its color or origin but depends on its application. The alkali content of glass, a major concern for cement production varies from 0 to 22%. For the glass bottles mainly found in Hong Kong waste glasses, the alkali content (Na2O) ranges from 10 to 19% with an average around 15%. There is no significant change of the SO2 content in the gas exhaust of the rotary kiln when about 1.8 t/h of glass bottles were loaded along with the 280-290 t/h raw materials. The content of NOx, mainly depends on the temperature of the kiln, does not show significant change either. The SO3 content of the clinker is comparable with that obtained without the loading of glass. The alkaline content shows a slight increase but still within three times the standard deviation obtained from the statistical data of the past year. The detailed analysis of the quality of the cement product shows that there is not any significant impact of glass for the feeding rate tested.
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D003252:Construction Materials; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D013461:Sulfur Oxides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013461:Sulfur Oxides