DNA double-strand break repair signalling: the case of RAD51 post-translational regulation.
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the major lethal lesion induced by ionizing radiation or by replication block. However, cells can take advantage of DSB-induced recombination in order to generate genetic diversity in physiological processes such as meiosis and V(D)J recombination. Two main alternative pathways compete for DSB repair: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). This review will briefly present the mechanisms and the enzymatic complex for HR and NHEJ. The signalling of the DSB through the ATM pathway will be presented. Then, we will focus on the case of the RAD51 protein, which plays a pivotal role in HR and is conserved from bacteria to humans. Post-translational regulation of RAD51 is presented. Two contrasting situations are discussed: one with up-regulation (expression of the oncogene BCR/ABL) and one with a down-regulation (expression of the oncogene BCL-2) of RAD51, associated with apoptosis inhibition and tumour predisposition.
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase