Complex nuclear localization signals in the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus.
The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) functions from within the nucleus to inhibit bi-directional nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we show that M protein can be imported into the nucleus by an active transport mechanism, even though it is small enough (approximately 27 kDa) to diffuse through nuclear pore complexes. We map two distinct nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing regions of M protein, each of which is capable of directing the nuclear localization of a heterologous protein. One of these regions, comprising amino acids 47-229, is also sufficient to inhibit nucleocytoplasmic transport. Two amino acids that are conserved among the matrix proteins of vesiculoviruses are important for nuclear localization, but are not essential for the inhibitory activity of M protein. Thus, different regions of M protein function for nuclear localization and for inhibitory activity.
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C094460:M protein, Vesicular stomatitis virus; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D012313:RNA; D014364:Tryptophan; D004247:DNA; D005982:Glutathione Transferase