title: Chimeric human papilloma virus-simian/human immunodeficiency virus virus-like-particle vaccines: immunogenicity and protective efficacy in macaques.
abstract: Vaccines to efficiently block or limit sexual transmission of both HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV) are urgently needed. Chimeric virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccines consisting of both multimerized HPV L1 proteins and fragments of SIV gag p27, HIV-1 tat, and HIV-1 rev proteins (HPV-SHIV VLPs) were constructed and administered to macaques both systemically and mucosally. An additional group of macaques first received a priming vaccination with DNA vaccines expressing the same SIV and HIV-1 antigens prior to chimeric HPV-SHIV VLP boosting vaccinations. Although HPV L1 antibodies were induced in all immunized macaques, weak antibody or T cell responses to the chimeric SHIV antigens were detected only in animals receiving the DNA prime/HPV-SHIV VLP boost vaccine regimen. Significant but partial protection from a virulent mucosal SHIV challenge was also detected only in the prime/boosted macaques and not in animals receiving the HPV-SHIV VLP vaccines alone, with three of five prime/boosted animals retaining some CD4+ T cells following challenge. Thus, although some immunogenicity and partial protection was observed in non-human primates receiving both DNA and chimeric HPV-SHIV VLP vaccines, significant improvements in vaccine design are required before we can confidently proceed with this approach to clinical trials.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002678:Chimera; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D007371:Interferon-gamma