title: Combined Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for refractory glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes of a procedure for refractory glaucoma, concurrent Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of all patients who underwent combined Prolene-ligated BGI and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine success, defined as IOP < 22 mm Hg, no reoperation for glaucoma, and no loss of light perception vision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD follow-up period for 38 eyes of 36 patients was 34 +/- 36 months (range, 3-121 months), during which 18 of 38 eyes (47%) required laser suture lysis of the Prolene suture. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a mean (+/- SD) preoperative value of 35.7 +/- 12.8 to 12.7 +/- 4.7 mm Hg at 1-year follow-up and 11.9 +/- 5.5 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit ( < 0.001). Number of medicines used for glaucoma was reduced from a mean +/- SD preoperative value of 2.5 +/- 0.9 to 0.5 +/- 0.6 at 1-year follow-up and 0.6 +/- 0.8 at the last follow-up visit ( < 0.001). LogMar visual acuity remained stable at mean of 1.15 +/- 0.85 preoperatively, compared with 1.14 +/- 1.05 at 1-year follow-up, but declined to 1.61 +/- 1.01 at the last follow-up visit, a loss of an average of four lines of vision ( = 0.004). Cumulative success was 91% at year 1, 86% at year 2, and 81% at year 3. Three eyes (8%) had suprachoroidal hemorrhages, one eye (3%) needed reoperation for an extruded implant, one (3%) eye had poor vision due to chronic hypotony, three eyes (8%) required additional glaucoma surgery during the postoperative period, and one eye (3%) needed revision of the implant for pressure control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined BGI and mitomycin C trabeculectomy provides excellent postoperative IOP control in patients with refractory glaucoma.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016685:Mitomycin