title: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 activates a pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling pathway that stimulates the release of matrix metalloproteinase-9.
abstract: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally related metalloendopeptidases so named due to their propensity to target extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that these proteases cleave numerous non-ECM substrates including enzymes and cell surface receptors. MMPs may also bind to cell surface receptors, though such binding has typically been thought to mediate internalization and degradation of the bound protease. More recently, it has been shown that MMP-1 coimmunoprecipitates with the alpha2beta1 integrin, a receptor for collagen. This association may serve to localize the enzymatic activity of MMP-1 so that collagen is cleaved and cell migration is facilitated. In other studies, however, it has been shown that integrin engagement may be linked to the activation of signaling cascades including those mediated by Gialpha containing heterotrimers. As an example, alpha2beta1 can form a complex with CD47 that may associate with Gialpha. In the present study we have therefore investigated the possibility that MMP-1 may affect intracellular changes that are linked to the activation of a Gi protein-coupled receptor. We show that treatment of neural cells with MMP-1 is followed by a rapid reduction in cytosolic levels of cAMP. Moreover, MMP-1 potentiates proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) agonist-linked increases in intracellular calcium, an effect which is often observed when an agonist of a Gi protein-coupled receptor is administered in association with an agonist of a Gq coupled receptor. In addition, MMP-1 stimulates pertussis toxin sensitive release ofMMP-9 both from cultured neural cells and monocyte/macrophages. Together, these results suggest that MMP-1 signals through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D019012:Integrin beta1; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; C498015:GNAI2 protein, human; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; C498017:Gnai2 protein, rat; D002118:Calcium