title: Reduced IGFBP-1 is associated with thickening of the carotid wall in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and lipids in predicting the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 239 type 2 diabetic participants in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study (76 women) aged 50-75 years were examined before fenofibrate intervention. Patients underwent carotid ultrasonography for determination of IMT. IGF-I, IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-3, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), glucose, HbA(1c), and C-peptide were measured in fasting samples. Patients were divided in groups without (n = 168) and with (n = 71) clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial correlations adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and diabetes duration showed an inverse association of IGFBP-1 with C-peptide (r = -0. 24, P = 0.018) and with maximal IMT (r = -0.42, P < 0.001), whereas IGF I and IGFBP-3 correlated positively with several risk-promoting lipid parameters. In linear regression analysis controlling for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, and presence or absence of oral antihyperglycemic or insulin medication, determinants of IMT were age, IGFBP-1, pulse pressure, Lp(a), diabetes duration, and insulin treatment. IGFBP-1 persisted in the model for subjects with CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, a decrease in IGFBP-1 is a marker of carotid IMT thickening in patients with type 2 diabetes.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D008055:Lipids; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011345:Fenofibrate