title: Does human papilloma virus have a role in squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and upper rectum?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has a role in the aetiology of adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and upper rectum, and to describe the clinical features seen in our patients with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were identified with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenosquamous carcinoma (Ad-SCC), or adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia (AA) of the colon and upper rectum over the 10 years from 1/1/1990 to 31/12/1999. Patients were identified from a prospective pathology database. All tumours were at least 5cm above the dentate line. Pathology blocks were stained using the Peroxidase labelled Streptavidin technique using mouse monoclonal antibody NCL-HPV-4C4, which identifies HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18. Age, gender and site matched controls (colorectal adenocarcinomas) were also stained. The clinical presentation and management was reviewed from the case notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients were identified from a pathological database of 2351 colorectal cancers (0.85% of colorectal cancers). 0/20 of the study patients (SCC, Ad-SCC, AA) or adenocarcinoma controls stained positively for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18. The clinical presentation was similar to patients presenting with adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The peroxidase labelled streptavidin technique is an immunohistochemical technique with high specificity but lower sensitivity. There was no apparent association between HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon and rectum using this technique. Clinical features are similar in squamous and adenosquamous colorectal carcinomas to colorectal adenocarcinomas.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D009520:New Zealand; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome