title: Fluoride uptake and development of artificial erosions in bleached and fluoridated enamel in vitro.
abstract: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching on fluoride uptake in enamel. Additionally, the susceptibility for erosion in bleached and fluoridated enamel was tested. Each four enamel specimens were prepared from 44 bovine incisors. The four samples gained from each tooth were distributed among four groups (A-D) of 44 specimens each: A: (unbleached/unfluoridated) served for determination of baseline fluoride concentration; B: (unbleached/fluoridated) four times in 2000 ppm NaF solution (2 min); C: (bleached/unfluoridated) four times in 10% CP (8 h); D: (bleached/fluoridated) four times in 10% CP and fluoridation. In 22 specimens of each group both KOH-soluble and structurally bound fluoride were determined in the outermost 30 micro m of the enamel. In the remaining specimens erosions were induced by immersing the samples in 5 mL of 1% citric acid (20 min) and microhardness was evaluated before and after demineralization. Statistical analysis showed that KOH-soluble fluoride uptake was similar for group B and D specimens. Structurally bound fluoride uptake after fluoride application in unbleached samples was significantly higher than in bleached ones. Bleaching only resulted in a highly significant fluoride loss. In all samples erosion caused a significant microhardness loss. The study showed that pre-treatment of enamel with CP followed by fluoridation does not improve erosive resistance. Moreover the study reveals that CP treatment decreases concentration of structurally bound fluoride in enamel which could not be outweighed by fluoridation with 2000 ppm NaF. It is concluded that it is not feasible to improve fluoride uptake in enamel with a pre-treatment with 10% CP.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006878:Hydroxides; D010545:Peroxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C029943:potassium hydroxide