title: Resistance to the political representation of alien populations: the European paradox.
abstract: This article addresses the issue of the resistance of European nations to granting unnaturalized citizens the right to vote in local, regional, and national elections.  It argues that this political inflexibility contrasts with the economic flexibility these nations demonstrated when they made a call for labor to overseas populations, former colonies, and other countries, and which they exhibit now as they work to modernize production systems in their industries.  Because of this lack of political representation, local authorities have proven disinterested in migrants' concerns and migrants have become subjects of the labor market, rather than of the law.  Overall "political underdevelopment" will only intensify the turbulence projected for Europe's economy.
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D019049:Developed Countries; D004467:Economics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D004651:Employment; D005060:Europe; D006280:Health Workforce; D011057:Politics; D011153:Population; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy; D012922:Social Change; D014171:Transients and Migrants
keywords: Demographic Factors; Developed Countries; Economic Conditions; Europe; Human Resources; Labor Force; Macroeconomic Factors; Migrants; Migration; Migration Policy; Modernization; Policy; Political Factors; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Policy; Social Change; Social Policy