title: [The development of otolaryngology in Warsaw in XIX century].
abstract: An important role of science in partitioned Poland in the beginning of the nineteenth century is described. At that time Warsaw was under Russian annexation. The development of science and medicine was very difficult. Some aspects of the beginning of the otolaryngology in Warsaw are described. A significant role of Warsowian surgeons and internists in the development of otolaryngology is strongly pointed out. The development of medical specializations about half-century is outlined. The position of otolaryngology in Poland under annexation at that time is described. The formation of specialistic otological and laryngological wards was a decisive factor for the development of otolaryngology. The first laryngological and otological wards in Warsaw were instituted in 1881 by Teodor Heryng (1847-1925) and Teodor Heiman (1848-1917).
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000266:history*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history*; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history*; D011044:Poland; D012426:Russia
vernacular_title: Rozwój warszawskiej myśli otolaryngologicznej w XIX stuleciu.