title: Management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus, bovine-leukosis virus, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and Neospora caninum in dairy herds in the Canadian Maritimes.
abstract: Bovine viral-diarrhoea (BVD), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), Johne's disease (JD), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. Our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the Maritimes provinces of Canada. Overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the agents of BVD, EBL, JD, and neosporosis, respectively. The median within-herd true prevalences were 0, 9.3, 0, and 12.3%, respectively. Factor analysis reduced the 27 control practices to two highly correlated factors. Tobit-regression analyses determined that vaccination practices were associated with reduced prevalence of exposure for Bovine viral-diarrhoea and EBL. Also, farms that tended to purchase their dairy animals were associated with higher seroprevalence for Johnes' disease. Neither of these two factors was associated with the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection. The few routine biosecurity measures that were investigated in this study were generally not related to the seroprevalences of these farms.
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D002170:Canada; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D003612:Dairying; D003625:Data Collection; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016583:Enzootic Bovine Leukosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D001909:Leukemia Virus, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires