Assessment of sexual and voiding function after total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in males with rectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation has been reported to be an optimal surgery for rectal cancer. It minimizes local recurrence and sexual and urinary dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in terms of voiding and sexual function in males with rectal cancer.


METHODS
We performed urine flowmetry using Urodyn and a standard questionnaire using the International Index of Erectile Function and the International Prostate Symptom Score before and after surgery in 68 males with rectal cancer.


RESULTS
Significant differences in mean maximal urinary flow rate and voided volume were seen before and after surgery (18.9 +/- 5.7 13.7 +/- 7.0, 240 +/- 91.9 143 +/- 78; < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively), but no differences in residual volume before and after surgery were apparent (4.4 +/- 2.6 8.1 +/- 4.4; > 0.05). The total International Prostate Symptom Score was increased after surgery from 6.2 +/- 5.8 to 9.8 +/- 5.9 ( < 0.05). There were no changes of score for one of each of seven International Prostate Symptom Score items in 49 patients (73.5 percent) to 61 patients (89.7 percent). Five International Index of Erectile Function domain scores (erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction) were significantly decreased after surgery (18.2 +/- 9.3 13.5 +/- 9, 8.4 +/- 4.2 4.4 +/- 2.9, 5.8 +/- 2.9 4.4 +/- 2.9, 6.1 +/- 2.4 4.8 +/- 2, 6.1 +/- 2.2 4.5 +/- 2.3, respectively; < 0.05). Erection was possible in 55 patients (80.9 percent); penetration ability was possible in 51 patients (75 percent). Complete inability for erection and intercourse was observed in three patients (5.5 percent). Retrograde ejaculation was noted in 9 patients (13.2 percent). International Index of Erectile Function domains such as sexual desire and overall satisfaction were greatly decreased in 39 patients (57.4 percent) and 43 patients (63.2 percent), respectively. Multiple regression analysis of factors affecting postoperative sexual dysfunction showed that age older than 60 years (sexual desire, P = 0.019), within six months (erectile function, P = 0.04; intercourse satisfaction, P = 0.011; orgasmic function, P = 0.03), lower rectal cancer (erectile function, P = 0.02; intercourse satisfaction, P = 0.036; orgasmic function, P = 0.027) were significant factors adversely affecting sexual function.


CONCLUSIONS
Total mesorectal excision with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation showed relative safety in preserving sexual and voiding function. The International Prostate Symptom Score and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires were useful in assessing urinary and sexual function.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007001:Hypogastric Plexus / Q000601:surgery; D007989:Libido / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010388:Pelvis / Q000294:innervation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology