Distribution of Th1- and Th2-induced anti-factor VIII IgG subclasses in congenital and acquired hemophilia patients.
Development of antibodies (Ab) that inhibit the procoagulant function of factor VIII (fVIII) seriously complicates the treatment of hemophilia A patients. It also causes acquired hemophilia, a rare yet serious autoimmune disease. The design of effective fVIII-specific tolerizing procedures will require lucidation of the role of the different CD4(+) T cell subsets that drive inhibitor synthesis. To examine the contribution of Th1 and Th2 cells in the anti-fVIII Ab response, we measured the concentration of Th1- and Th2-driven anti-fVIII IgG subclasses in 17 patients with severe hemophilia A and 18 patients with acquired hemophilia. We found that both congenital and acquired hemophilia patients had similar and comparable proportions of Th1- and Th2-induced anti-fVIII Ab, suggesting a more important role of Th1 cells in the immune response to fVIII than previously appreciated. The distribution of anti-fVIII IgG subclasses was stable for periods of up to six months. More intense anti-fVIII Ab responses and higher inhibitor titers correlated with a predominance of Th2-driven subclasses. In contrast, Th1-driven anti-fVIII Ab were predominant in patients who had low anti-fVIII Ab concentrations, even when this was the result of successful immune tolerance or immunosuppressive therapy, which had caused drastic reduction or disappearance of inhibitors. Thus, synthesis of Th2-driven inhibitors occurs when the anti-fVIII Ab response is intense, while Th1 cells may be involved in the long-term maintenance of anti-fVIII Ab synthesis.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
D000906:Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005169:Factor VIII