title: A combined treatment with tacrolimus (FK506) and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for thrombotic focal cerebral ischemia in rats: increased neuroprotective efficacy and extended therapeutic time window.
abstract: The authors evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus (FK506), administered alone or in combination with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), on brain infarction following thrombotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Thrombotic occlusion of the MCA was induced by a photochemical reaction between rose bengal and green light in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the volume of ischemic brain damage was determined 24 hours later. Intravenous administration of tacrolimus or t-PA dose-dependently reduced the volume of ischemic brain infarction, whether administered immediately or 1 hour after MCA occlusion. When tacrolimus or t-PA was administered 2 hours after MCA occlusion, each drug showed a tendency to reduce ischemic brain damage. However, combined treatment with both drugs resulted in a significant reduction in ischemic brain damage. On administration 3 hours after MCA occlusion, tacrolimus alone showed no effect, and t-PA tended to worsen ischemic brain damage. However, the combined treatment with both drugs not only ameliorated the worsening trend seen with t-PA alone, but also tended to reduce ischemic brain damage. In conclusion, tacrolimus, used in combination with t-PA, augmented therapeutic efficacy on brain damage associated with focal ischemia and extended the therapeutic time window compared to single-drug treatments.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D016559:Tacrolimus