title: The memory effect of heteropolyoxotungstate (PM-19) pretreatment on infection by herpes simplex virus at the penetration stage.
abstract: The keggin-type heteropolyoxotungstate K(7)[PTi(2)W(10)O(40)].6H(2)O (PM-19) is a potent polyoxometalate (PM) inhibitor of the replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Pretreatment of Vero cells with PM-19 prior to HSV-2 infection enhanced the antiviral potency of PM-19 almost 10-fold compared with treatment of the cells only after infection. The pretreatment effect of PM-19 is called "the memory effect". The memory effect was reflected by inhibition of plaque formation and decrease of intracellular virus DNA quantity, and was strongest when PM-19 was present during the penetration stage of HSV-2 infection. The effect was maintained under conditions of fusion induced by polyethyleneglycol treatment. This suggests that PM-19 does not act at the fusion stage of infection. Using the infectious center assay method, it was clarified that a second round of infection was inhibited by about 30% in the presence of PM-19 at the penetration stage compared with the virus control in nontreated cells. The inhibition was enhanced to about 60% by PM-19 pretreatment prior to infection. This suggests that PM-19 pretreatment of the cells protects them against HSV-2 infection.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D011108:Polymers; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C064098:polyoxotungstate PM 19