title: Molecular analysis of constitutively expressed erm(C) genes selected in vitro by incubation in the presence of the noninducers quinupristin, telithromycin, or ABT-773.
abstract: A Staphylococcus aureus strain that harbored a plasmid-borne inducibly expressed erm(C) gene was cultivated in the presence of the noninducers quinupristin, telithromycin, and ABT-773. After overnight incubation, 78 mutants that displayed combined resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B antibiotics, and ketolides were analyzed for the genetic basis of this altered resistance phenotype. Because this resistance phenotype is indicative for constitutively expressed erm(C) genes, the erm(C) regulatory regions of all mutants were sequenced. All 78 mutants showed sequence alterations in the erm(C) translational attenuator. Seventeen different types of sequence deletions ranging from 5 bp to 121 bp and nine different types of tandem duplications of 13-100 bp, all causing constitutive erm(C) gene expression, were detected. These sequence deletions or tandem duplications either favored the formation of mRNA secondary structures in the erm(C) translational attenuator, which did not inhibit translation of the erm(C) transcripts, or completely prevented the formation of any mRNA secondary structures in the erm(C) translational attenuator. The mean frequencies of 10-6 to 10-8 by which constitutive mutants were obtained, strongly suggest that telithromycin and ABT-773 not be recommended for the treatment of staphylococci that exhibit the inducible MLSB phenotype.
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D048628:Ketolides; D018942:Macrolides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048628:Ketolides; D018942:Macrolides; D014769:Virginiamycin; C113825:quinupristin; D004917:Erythromycin; C405499:cethromycin; C106791:telithromycin