title: The beneficial impact of Hib vaccine on disease rates in New Zealand children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine on the burden of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) disease in New Zealand children aged under five years (under-5s).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of national mortality, hospitalisation, laboratory, and notification data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The introduction of Hib vaccine in 1994 led to a 92% decline (95%CI = 89   94%) in the hospitalisation rate of Hi meningitis for under-5s (1995 2000 compared to 1988 1993). Pre-vaccine, the Hi meningitis hospitalisation rate was 27 per 100 000 in the under-5s and this declined to 2 per 100 000. Even though Hi meningitis declined in all ethnic groups (eg down to 3 per 100 000 among Maori), there was a worsening of equity with the proportion of children hospitalised with Hi meningitis who were Maori increasing from 23% to 40% of all cases. The rate of epiglottitis hospitalisations also declined substantially (by 94%, 95%CI = 89 - 96%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hib vaccination appears to be preventing at least 80 cases of meningitis and 30 cases of epiglottitis every year in under-5s in New Zealand. But the beneficial impact of Hib vaccination has been less for Maori and so there is a need for further improvements in immunisation coverage in those populations with the highest disease burdens.
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004826:Epiglottitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D019741:Haemophilus influenzae type b; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008581:Meningitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines