title: Identical cellular distribution of all abundant neuropeptides in the major abdominal neurohemal system of an insect (Periplaneta americana).
abstract: The median neurosecretory cells in abdominal ganglia of insects synthesize a number of putative hormones, which are abundant in the abdominal perisympathetic organs (PSOs). The peptide inventory of these prominent neurohemal release sites is best investigated in the American cockroach and strongly differs from that of head/thoracic neurohemal organs. In this study, we found a complete colocalization of all abundant neuropeptides in this hormonal system, including periviscerokinin-1 and -2, pyrokinin-5, YLSamide, VEAacid, and SKNacid. The first immunoreactive cells were detected on day 18 of embryonic development and already contained the complete set of peptides. By using antisera against the above-mentioned peptides, the development of this neurohormonal system could be studied and is described in detail. Subsequent electron microscopic immunogold stainings in PSO preparations revealed the costorage of PSO peptides in a single vesicle species. Surprisingly, all these peptides were found in axons containing clear vesicles, whereas all axons with dense core vesicles were totally devoid of immunoreactivity. Unlike the axons with dense core vesicles, immunostained axons ramify in the center of the PSO but exhibit only rare morphological signs of exocytosis. Instead, putative release sites of the clear vesicle-containing axons were detected peripherally to the PSOs, namely, on the hyperneural muscle.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010526:Periplaneta / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; C093061:periviscerokinin; C417775:periviscerokinin-2; C079229:pyrokinin