Carbon coating of stents has no effect on inflammatory response to primary stent deployment.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stent carbon coating on inflammatory response. The authors serially measured plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and several cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-1-beta, IL-6, and IL-8) in patients with single-vessel coronary stenosis who underwent primary stent implantation. None of the subjects had inflammatory or infectious disease at the time of the procedure. Forty-six patients (38 males; mean age 55 +/-9 years) were studied. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 hours after stent implantation. Patients were randomly assigned 1 of 2 different stent types, an uncoated MAC (AMG Raesfeld-Erle, Germany) (UC-MAC) or a carbon-coated MAC (CC-MAC) stent. Implantations were performed without predilatation, and stents were deployed at a maximum pressure of 6 atmospheres for 90 seconds. Of the 46 patients, 14 had stable, 27 had unstable, and 5 had atypical angina. According to ACC/AHA classification, 35 lesions (76.1%) were type A, 10 (21.7%) were type B, and 1 (2.2%) was type C. Single stenosis of 28 left anterior descending, 12 circumflex, and 6 right coronary arteries were treated. Serum IL-6 increased in both the UC-MAC and CC-MAC groups, with concentrations significantly elevated above baseline at 6 hours, and then decreasing after 24 hours (baseline, 6-hour, and 24-hour values = 3.1 +/-2.3, 5.7 +/-3.8, and 6.3 +/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively, in UC-MAC; 3.7 +/-2.6, 6.2 +/-6.0, and 4.6 +/-3.7 pg/mL, respectively, in CC-MAC [p=0.002]). Plasma fibrinogen, CRP, and leukocyte concentrations also increased in both groups over the 24 hours (p < 0.05). The elevations of IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen were similar in the 2 groups. The percent increases in IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP were not associated with stent length, size, or clinical presentation (all p > 0.05). The results showed that stent implantation increases plasma IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP concentrations, but carbon coating of the stent does not seem to affect this inflammatory response.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000628:therapy; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000628:therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002244:Carbon; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D013193:Stainless Steel; D002244:Carbon; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein