title: Fibro-cartilaginous lesions of the glenoid labrum in shoulder instability: a proposed classification using sagittal-oblique arthro-MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a graded classification of lesions of the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum in traumatic dislocations of the shoulder, based on arthro-MRI in sagittal-oblique views.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one patients with histories of chronic post-traumatic shoulder instability were studied from May 2000 to May 2001. MR images were obtained using superconducting magnets operating at 1 and 1.5 Tesla, with a dedicated shoulder coil. The study was carried out in combination with arthrography, with axial sections oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the glena, oblique coronal sections parallel to the course of the supraspinous muscle tendon and oblique sagittal sections with axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the glena.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In one case an anatomical variant was found (Buford complex). In 18 patients a simple fissuration of the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum was found, whereas 28 patients displayed more extensive lesions affecting the middle-inferior portions of the labrum. In 15 patients the lesion extended to the middle-superior third of the glena, involving the middle glenohumeral ligament. In 9 cases, in addition to a complete lesion of the labrum, with typical "bucket-handle" appearance, a lesion of the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In traumatic shoulder dislocations it is essential to provide the surgeon with precise information regarding the location, extension and degree of damage to the capsule, ligaments and especially the labrum of the glenohumeral joint. On the basis of the results obtained in the sagittal-oblique sections we propose an MR-arthrography classification dividing lesions of the fibrocartilaginous labrum into 4 grades.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Radiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera CTO-CRF Maria Adelaide, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faletti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Filippo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giudice
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larciprete
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seccia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012540:Scapula; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology