Methylmercury distribution in the pregnant rat and embryo during early midbrain organogenesis.
BACKGROUND
The period of neurogenesis represents a window of susceptibility for in utero methylmercury (MeHg) exposure. This study examined the toxicokinetics of potentially neurotoxic doses of MeHg during neurogenesis in the developing rat to provide additional information in the areas of mercury speciation and inter-study variability.


METHODS
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed s.c. with 5-22 mg/kg MeHg on Day 11 of gestation to target rapidly dividing cells of the developing midbrain. Maternal liver, kidney, skin, blood, placenta, and the embryonic body and brain were evaluated for total and inorganic mercury content at 24, 48, and 72 hr after dosing. Tissue Hg partitioning ratios derived from our data were then compared to those derived from previous studies.


RESULTS
Mercury was present in all tissues examined by 24 hr after dosing, and levels remained relatively stable over the subsequent 2 days in most tissues. The exceptions were the maternal blood and kidney, in which total mercury decreased significantly over the three days after dosing. Inorganic mercury concentrations were similarly stable over time. At maternal MeHg doses above 12 mg/kg, non-linearities were observed in mercury accumulation in the embryo, placenta and maternal liver. The mercury tissue partitioning coefficients ranged from 0.09 for maternal blood:embryo to 1.97 for maternal blood:kidney.


CONCLUSIONS
Our observations at the 5 mg/kg dose were consistent with those of previous studies that involved evaluations at slightly later gestational times. The estimates of tissue partitioning coefficients we derived using multiple studies provide valuable insight into the effects of inter-study variability.
Lewandowski
T A
TA
Department of Environmental Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
Pierce
C H
CH
Pingree
S D
SD
Hong
S
S
Faustman
E M
EM
D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008628:Mercury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D008628:Mercury