title: Heroin discriminative stimulus effects of methadone, LAAM and other isomers of acetylmethadol in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  LAAM (alpha- l-acetylmethadol) is a derivative of the synthetic mu-opiate agonist methadone and is one of the four isomers of acetylmethadol. Methadone and LAAM have similar pharmacological properties and both are approved medications for the treatment of heroin dependency disorders. Few studies have reported on the pharmacology of acetylmethadol's other isomers and most of these have focused on their potential analgesic activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the discriminative stimulus effects of LAAM, the other isomers of acetylmethadol, and methadone in rats trained to discriminate heroin from water, and to compare the duration of the discriminative stimulus effects of heroin, methadone, and LAAM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-Evans rats were trained to discriminate 0.3 mg/kg heroin from water under a fixed ratio 10 (FR10) schedule of food reinforcement. Dose-response functions for heroin, methadone, LAAM, three other isomers of acetylmethadol: alpha- d-acetylmethadol, beta- d-acetylmethadol, beta- l-acetylmethadol, and its precursor, beta- l-methadol were examined. Additionally, the time course effects for heroin, methadone, and LAAM were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LAAM and methadone dose-dependently occasioned heroin-like discriminative stimulus effects. Two of acetylmethadol's isomers, alpha- d-acetylmethadol and beta- d-acetylmethadol, were more potent than LAAM in producing heroin-like effects. The beta- l-methadol precursor and beta- l-acetylmethadol did not fully substitute for heroin's discriminative stimulus. LAAM elicited heroin-like discriminative stimulus effects for at least 6 h and generated partial generalization up to 36 h following administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methadone, LAAM, beta- d-acetylmethadol and alpha- d-acetylmethadol, but not beta- l-acetylmethadol and beta- l-methadol evoke heroin-like discriminative stimulus effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Vann
authors.forename: Everette L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beardsley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D003932:Heroin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008692:Methadyl Acetate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin; D008692:Methadyl Acetate; D008691:Methadone