title: Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To obtain information about the general capability of nephron segments to elaborate prostanoids, we determined the gene expression of key enzymes for prostanoid formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this goal mRNAs were assayed for cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 as well as for the synthases of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in microdissected rat nephron segments by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) mRNA was strongly expressed in all segments of the collecting ducts and to a lesser extent in glomeruli. COX-2 mRNA was found in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle, and weaker expression also was detected in glomeruli. The lipocalin-type PGD synthase mRNA displayed a broad expression pattern in the cortex and outer medulla, including proximal convoluted tubule, thick ascending limb of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and cortical and outer medullary collecting duct. The hematopoietic PGD synthase mRNA was restricted to the outer medullary collecting duct, and the membrane-associated PGE-synthase mRNA was exclusively expressed in the whole collecting duct system. Prostacylin-synthase mRNA was found in the whole kidney, but not in any microdissected nephron segment analyzed in this study. TXA-synthase mRNA was expressed in glomeruli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that the existence of cyclooxygenase in combination with the different PG-synthases is a prerequisite for the formation of prostanoids, our data suggest that PGD2 is mainly formed in the thick ascending limb and in the collecting duct, while PGE2 appears to be mainly generated by the collecting ducts. Probably no formation of PGI2 occurs within the nephron. Whether TXA2 can be formed by nephron segments remains questionable.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. helga.seebauer@vkl.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vitzthum
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abt
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Einhellig
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D054834:Lipocalins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009399:Nephrons / Q000201:enzymology*; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D054834:Lipocalins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D011464:Epoprostenol; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2