title: Effect of adding biofeedback to pelvic floor muscle training to treat urodynamic stress incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of individual pelvic floor muscle training with and without biofeedback in women with urodynamic stress incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a single, blind, randomized trial. All women completed 6 months of pelvic floor muscle training comprising three sets of ten contractions three times per day, supervised by a physical therapist. One group trained with a biofeedback apparatus at home, the other without biofeedback. The primary outcome measures were pad test with standardized bladder volume and self-report of severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 103 women were randomized, and data from 94 women were analyzed. Mean age (range) was 46.6 (30-70) years, and mean (range) duration of symptoms was 9.7 (1-25) years. Seventy women had urodynamic stress incontinence alone, and 24 women reported additional urge symptoms. Women training with and without biofeedback showed a statistically significant reduction in leakage on pad test (P <.01) after 6 months of pelvic floor muscle training. Objective cure (2 g or less of leakage) in the total group was 58% in women training with and 46% in women training without biofeedback, and in the subgroup of women with urodynamic stress incontinence alone, 69% in women training with and 50% in women training without biofeedback. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups posttreatment in any outcome measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cure rate was high, and the reduction in urinary leakage after treatment was statistically significant in both groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of individual pelvic floor muscle training with and without biofeedback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. siv.morkved@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Siv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mørkved
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bø
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fjørtoft
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology