title: Circulating concentrations of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine are increased in women with previous gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The concentration of asymmetrical dimethyl- L-arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase, is increased in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. We have investigated ADMA concentrations in women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM), who could develop endothelial dysfunction and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus after delivery, and in healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previous GDM patients were grouped according to their BMI as obese (> or =25 kg/m(2), n=46) or non-adipose (<25 kg/m(2), n=31). Serum samples were taken 14 to 16 weeks after delivery and after 1 year. The control group comprised 17 healthy women (BMI<25 kg/m(2)). ADMA concentrations were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADMA concentrations were comparable between obese and non-adipose GDM patients (0.58+/-0.02 and 0.57+/-0.02 micro mol/l, respectively), and higher than in the control group (0.47+/-0.03 micro mol/l; p<0.006). Insulin resistance as estimated by the insulin sensitivity index was more frequent among the obese than the non-adipose GDM women (p<0.05) and control subjects (p<0.05, both). No change in ADMA concentrations was found after 1 year in women with GDM. There was only a slight correlation between ADMA and BMI (r=0.26, p<0.02), triglycerides (r=0.29, p<0.004), or fasting plasma glucose (r=0.21, p<0.05), and not with the insulin sensitivity index or other parameters. In a multiple regression analysis ADMA serum concentrations were only associated with triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating ADMA concentrations are increased in normoglycaemic women with previous GDM. This increase is independent from other risk factors or surrogate markers for diabetes or cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mittermayer
authors.forename: B X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winzer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pacini
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kautzky-Willer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine