title: Long term follow up of bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the long term experience of bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implants and compare results using scleral wrapped implants with those not using sclera.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective case series reviewed the long term follow up of 118 patients with 120 eyes which had undergone enucleation and bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implant insertion at Dunedin Hospital from 1977 until 2000. Patient details were obtained from theatre records, case note review, patient interview and examination, interview of patient relatives, and family general practitioner records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 120 eyes 84 had bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implants with sclera and 36 without sclera. Follow up was 0.5-25 years (mean 8.9 years). 25 (19.3%) suffered minor complications of limited exposure of the implant which resolved spontaneously, with implant drilling or wound resuture. Nine (7.5%) suffered major complications requiring explantation. Major complications were more likely in cases with major tissue disruption, ischaemia, or inflammation. There were significantly fewer complications in the group where a bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implant was implanted without a scleral covering (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The placement of a bone derived hydroxyapatite orbital implant in the socket was associated with a low rate of long term complications and good cosmesis in most cases. The omission of a scleral covering over the hydroxyapatite sphere had some advantages and may prove to be the procedure of choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand .
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: A C B
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Molteno
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Bevin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herbison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017886:Durapatite; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020273:Orbital Implants; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010781:Photography; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D017886:Durapatite