title: Effect of estrogen plus progestin on progression of carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with heart disease: HERS B-mode substudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) found no overall effect of estrogen plus progestin (compared with placebo) on coronary event rates in 2763 postmenopausal women with established coronary disease (mean 4.1 years of follow-up). In addition to the events trial, a carotid ultrasound substudy was established in 1993 to be conducted concurrently to determine whether hormone therapy affects the progression of the underlying atherosclerotic process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the larger HERS, a subset of 362 participants underwent carotid B-mode ultrasound examinations at baseline and the end of follow-up. Progression of carotid atherosclerosis was measured as the temporal change in intimal-medial thickness (IMT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMT progressed in the hormone treatment and placebo groups, although there was no statistical difference between the rates: IMT progressed 26 microm/y (95% CI 18 to 34 microm/y) in the hormone group and 31 microm/y (95% CI 21 to 40 microm/y) in the placebo group (P=0.44). There were also no significant treatment effects when the results were examined by carotid segment or were adjusted for covariates. These data support the American Heart Association recommendation that women with established coronary disease should not initiate hormone therapy with an expectation of atherosclerotic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA. bbyingto@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Byington
authors.forename: Curt D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furberg
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: J Alan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Herd
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunninghake
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Ward
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chaput
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Applegate
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000075202:Contraindications; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D011372:Progestins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins