Simulation of the effects of global normalization procedures in functional MRI.
We report on differences in sensitivity and false-positive rate across five methods of global normalization using resting-state fMRI data embedded with simulated activation. These methods were grand mean session scaling, proportional scaling, ANCOVA, a masking method, and an orthogonalization method. We found that global normalization by proportional scaling and ANCOVA decreased the sensitivity of the statistical analysis and induced artifactual deactivation even when the correlation between the global signal and the experimental paradigm was relatively low. The masking method and the orthogonalization method performed better from this perspective but are both restricted to certain experimental conditions. Based on the results of these simulations, we offer practical guidelines for the choice of global normalization method least likely to bias the experimental results.
Gavrilescu
Maria
M
Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Shaw
Marnie E
ME
Stuart
Geoffrey W
GW
Eckersley
Peter
P
Svalbe
Imants D
ID
Egan
Gary F
GF
D000465:Algorithms; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008959:Models, Neurological; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted