title: Is ileal orthotopic bladder substitution with an afferent tubular segment detrimental to the upper urinary tract in the long term?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determine long-term morphological changes of the upper urinary tract following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution with an afferent tubular segment without a flap-valve type antireflux procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of long-term survivors (5 years or greater) following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution underwent regular radiological followup with excretory urography. Preoperative and postoperative renal size, parenchymal thickness, pelvicaliceal dilatation and upper urinary tract obstruction were assessed by 2 radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 76 patients with a median followup of 84 months (range 60 to 155) were evaluable. Four patients (2.6%) underwent unilateral nephroureterectomy during followup. Of the remaining 148 renoureteral units 141 (95%) revealed no significant changes in size or parenchymal thickness during followup. Renal size decreased in 6 (4%) and parenchymal thickness in 7 (5%) renoureteral units, 5 of which already had renal pathologies (dilatation, obstruction or hypoplastic kidney) preoperatively. De novo shrinkage of the parenchyma of a preoperatively normal kidney was observed in 2 (1%) renoureteral units associated with stenosis of the ureteroileal anastomosis. Of the 148 renoureteral units 14 (9%) presented with nonobstructive dilatation and 4 (3%) with complete obstruction. Preoperatively average serum creatinine level +/- SD was 98 +/- 19 micromol./l. and 10 years thereafter it was 83 +/- 27 micromol./l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that unidirectional peristalsis of ureters and the afferent tubular ileal segment sufficiently protect the upper urinary tract following ileal bladder substitution up to a decade provided there are no preoperative renal pathology and no anastomotic stricture postoperatively. Additional antireflux flap-valve type implantation techniques are not required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Urology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Harriet C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Thoeny
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sonnenschein
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vock
authors.forename: Urs E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000637:transplantation; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent; D014567:Urography; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*