Effects of euthanasia on brain physiological activities monitored in real-time.
Animal experimentation is terminated by the euthanasia procedure in order to avoid pain and minimize suffering. Very little is known about the real time physiological changes taking place in the brain of animals during the euthanasia. Since there is no way to evaluate the suffering of animals under euthanasia, it is assumed that objective physiological changes taking place could serve as a good way to compare various types of euthanasia procedures. In the present study we compared the effect of euthanasia induced by i. v. injection of concentrated KCL to that of Taxan T-61 (a standard mixture used by veterinarians). The responses of the cat brain were evaluated by monitoring the hemodynamic (CBF), metabolic (NADH redox state), electrical (EcoG) and extracellular ion levels, as an indicator to the ionic homeostasis.
Mayevsky
Avraham
A
Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. mayevsa@mail.biu.ac.il
Barbiro-Michaely
Efrat
E
Ligeti
Laszlo
L
MacLaughlin
Alan C
AC
D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002415:Cats; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005065:Euthanasia; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000577:Amides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007477:Ions; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013748:Tetracaine; D009243:NAD; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C015591:T 61; D011188:Potassium