title: A comparative study in Stockholm, Sweden of labour outcome and women's perceptions of being referred in labour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to study the outcome of labour and women's perceptions of being referred after onset of labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  a comparative study carried out between October 1998 and April 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective parents in Stockholm, Sweden are offered a choice of which of the five hospitals in which they want to give birth. In reality, there is a lack of maternity beds in Stockholm to implement this policy and therefore nearly 10% of labouring women are being referred during labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study population was selected from one of the five hospitals. Included in the study were 266 labouring women, with a 37-42 weeks uncomplicated pregnancy, fetus presenting by the vertex and spontaneous onset of labour. During pregnancy, all the women had chosen the same labour ward where they planned to deliver. However, at the onset of labour half of the women, case group I (n = 133) were referred to another maternity unit due to lack of space in the labour ward. For every referred woman a control woman matched for age, parity and date of delivery was selected, with the same inclusion criteria, except being referred, control group II (n = 133).
  
  
  METHODS
  a questionnaire with closed and open questions was posted to the women after birth and used to collect quantitative and qualitative data on the outcome of labour and the women's perceptions of referral during labour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  routines such as epidural analgesia (EDA) (p<0.002), episiotomies (p<0.015) and morphine/pethidine during labour (p<0.023) were more common in the referred group. The women in the referred group considered to a higher extent that referral during labour had affected their emotional state (p<0.001). Women in both groups had been worried during pregnancy by the thought of having to be referred when labour had started and the referral had caused practical problems, stress and a feeling of not being welcome in the referral labour ward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  referral during established normal labour may affect labour outcome, and the possibility that they may be referred worries women during pregnancy. Maternity policies and practices should be organised so that caring goals, such as continuity of care and women's' participation in birth planning, can be met.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Danderyd Hospital S- 182 88, Stockholm, Sweden. ingela/wiklund@bb.ptf.se
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: A-S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Matthiesen
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klang
authors.forename: Anna-Berit
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ransjö-Arvidson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000739:Anecdotes as Topic; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*