title: Differences in the sensations of warmth on the anterior torso of normal and spinal-cord transected individuals.
abstract: The threshold to warming was measured at 10 sites on the anterior torso between the umbilicus and the clavicle of normal and spinal-cord transected individuals. In normal individuals, thresholds were higher on the thorax than on the abdomen. Men had higher and more variable thresholds than women. Magnitude estimations of supra-threshold stimuli showed that men offer verbal estimates of warmth that are about half of the size of the estimates given by women to the same stimuli. The psychometric function shows that in women, the sensation of warmth grows more rapidly than in men after starting from a higher initial value. After spinal-cord injury, thresholds for detection of warming were elevated. This effect was most noticeable within 8 cm of the anesthetic zone, but farther away, thresholds were still elevated but uniform as a function of distance, being about 30% higher than in normal individuals. After spinal-cord injury, the psychometric functions show that small stimuli elicit relatively large sensations and that these sensations grow more slowly with increasing skin temperatures than for normal individuals. Thus, for small warm stimuli spinal-cord-injured patients (both men and women) have a response similar to normal women but the slope of the psychometric function is flat, being similar to the slope observed for normal men.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. robert.dykes@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saddiki-Traki
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boureau
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Morel-Fatio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012677:Sensation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013697:Thermosensing