title: Specific methylation of the CpG-rich domains in the promoter of the human tissue transglutaminase gene.
abstract: The activity of tissue transglutaminase is present in many cells and tissues but almost absent in leucocytes and lymphocytes. The present work describes the distribution of 5-methylcytosine along the bisulphite-converted promoter of the human tissue transglutaminase gene as being in an essentially repressed state. In this promoter, the chain-specific sequencing revealed the location of three CpG-rich domains whose methylation responds to an 'all or nothing' signal. While the CpGs of domain 1, at the 5'-end, and 2, in the mid-promoter, were fully methylated, those of domain 3, at the 3'-end, were fully unmethylated. Before the 5'-UTR sequence, from site+1 to site+67, also unmethylated, there was thus a striking contrast in the post-synthetic modification between the sequence, from -1594 to -436, containing domains 1 and 2, and the sequence, from -435 to -1, containing domain 3 with the core promoter.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cacciamani
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virgili
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centurelli
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.forename: Tamilla
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eremenko
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D003596:Cytosine; D004247:DNA; D011503:Transglutaminases