title: Biosynthesis of vitamin B2.
abstract: GTP cyclohydrolase II catalyzes the hydrolytic release of formate and pyrophosphate from GTP producing 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate, the first committed intermediate in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. The enzyme was shown to contain one zinc ion per subunit. Replacement of cysteine residue 54, 65 or 67 with serine resulted in proteins devoid of bound zinc and unable to release formate from the imidazole ring of GTP or from the intermediate analog, 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-triphosphate. However, the mutant proteins retained the capacity to release pyrophosphate from GTP and from the formamide-type intermediate analog. The data suggest that the enzyme catalyzes an ordered reaction in which the hydrolytic release of pyrophosphate precedes the hydrolytic attack of the imidazole ring. Ring opening and formate release are both dependent on a zinc ion acting as a Lewis acid, which activates the two water molecules involved in the sequential hydrolysis of two carbon-nitrogen bonds.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schramek
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Püttmer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Adelbert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacher
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003848:Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; D011756:Diphosphates; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; C029603:deoxyguanosine triphosphate; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase; D015032:Zinc; D012256:Riboflavin