title: Effect of low- and high-dose levothyroxine on thyroid nodule volume: a crossover placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy and the effective dose of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules are controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine the response of solitary thyroid nodules to low- or high-level TSH suppression in a placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with solitary thyroid nodules on palpation were randomized to high-level and low-level TSH suppression groups. In each group, patients were further randomized to placebo and active levothyroxine subgroups. Patients in each subgroup were crossed over to placebo or active levothyroxine at the end of the first year and were then followed up for an additional year.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSH levels were suppressed to 0.4-0.6 mIU/ml and < or = 0.01 mIU/ml in the low-level and high-level TSH suppression groups, respectively. Nodule volumes were measured at baseline and every 6 months after the desired level of TSH was reached if the patients were in the active levothyroxine treatment group or every 6 months if they were in the placebo group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In high-level TSH suppression groups, nodule volume decreased significantly at the end of the active treatment periods (4.99 +/- 2.02 ml vs. 3.20 +/- 1.50 ml, P < 0.01, in Group 1; and 3.72 +/- 1.79 ml to 2.05 +/- 0.64 ml, P < 0.001, in Group 2). In the low-level TSH suppression groups, nodule volume also decreased significantly at the end of the active treatment periods (4.43 +/- 1.76 ml vs. 3.04 +/- 1.32, P < 0.05, in Group 3; and 3.59 +/- 0.89 ml to 2.22 +/- 0.59 ml, P < 0.01, in Group 4). Nodule volumes regained their original volumes during the placebo treatment periods. The percentage decline in clinically relevant nodule volume reduction (> or = 50%) was similar in the low-level and high-level TSH suppression groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low- and high-level TSH suppression were equally effective in reducing nodule volume and thus, considering the complications of high-level TSH suppression, low-level TSH suppression should be used if one considers levothyroxine suppressive therapy to reduce thyroid nodule size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: H Onder
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ersoz
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gogas-Yavuz
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deyneli
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akalin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012985:Software Design; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000032:analysis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D013974:Thyroxine