title: Total knee arthroplasty for arthritis of the knee with extra-articular deformity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous corrective osteotomy of angular deformity and total knee arthroplasty has been considered the treatment of choice for patients with arthritis of the knee associated with ipsilateral extra-articular deformity. However, this procedure is technically demanding, and the functional outcome of the total knee arthroplasty may be jeopardized if the osteotomy fails. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical results of total knee arthroplasty combined with intra-articular bone resection, without osteotomy, in patients with extra-articular deformity and arthritis of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with arthritis of the knee and extra-articular deformity underwent total knee arthroplasty with bone resection and soft-tissue balancing. All deformities had resulted from fracture malunion. There were ten uniplanar, three biplanar, and two triplanar deformities. The deformity was in the tibia in eight patients and in the femur in seven. The average angle of the femoral deformities was 15.1 degrees in the coronal plane and 8.1 degrees in the sagittal plane. Two femora had a rotational deformity, consisting of 20 degrees of internal rotation in one and 10 degrees of external rotation in the other. The average angle of the tibial deformities was 19 degrees in the coronal plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of follow-up averaged thirty-eight months. The average Knee Society knee score improved from 22.3 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at the time of the last follow-up, and the average Knee Society function score improved from 28.0 points preoperatively to 87.3 points at the time of the last follow-up. The average arc of knee motion improved from 77.7 degrees preoperatively to 103.7 degrees postoperatively. The average mechanical axis of the knee improved from 22.7 degrees of varus preoperatively to 0.3 degrees of varus at the time of the last follow-up. Two patients had an unsatisfactory clinical result, which was not related to the total knee arthroplasty. There were no complications such as infection, ligament instability, or component loosening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total knee arthroplasty in conjunction with intra-articular bone resection is an effective procedure for patients with arthritis of the knee and extra-articular varus deformity of <20 degrees in the femur or  30 degrees in the tibia in the coronal plane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. lee415@adm.cgmh.org.tw
authors.forename: Jun-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ching-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome