title: Residual effect of antibabesial drugs on the live redwater blood vaccines.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that the attenuated organisms used in the unfrozen South African Babesia bovis and B. bigemina (redwater) vaccines are susceptible for longer periods to the residual effect of the anti-babesial drugs diminazene and imidocarb dipropionate than the virulent field strains. Reports of vaccine failures in some animals vaccinated with the frozen South African redwater vaccines after prophylactic treatment with imidocarb dipropionate have led us to reinvestigate the validity of the recommended prescribed waiting periods. Results indicated that waiting periods before administration of the frozen B. bovis and B. bigemina vaccines in animals that have been treated with diminazene at 3.5 mg/kg live weight, compare favorably with results initially obtained for the unfrozen vaccines at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. However, the inhibitory effect of imidocarb dipropionate at 3.0 mg/kg live weight on the infectivity of both frozen B. bovis and B. bigemina vaccines is longer than previously anticipated and necessitated changing the minimum waiting periods before administration of these vaccines from 8 to 12 weeks and 16 to 24 weeks, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. mike@moon.ovi.ac.za
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Combrink
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Troskie
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: De Waal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001403:Babesia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016793:Babesia bovis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004133:Diminazene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007095:Imidocarb / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D007095:Imidocarb; D004133:Diminazene; C031719:imidocarb dipropionate