title: Activation of phospholipases C and D is an early response to a cold exposure in Arabidopsis suspension cells.
abstract: The signaling events generated by a cold exposure are poorly known in plants. We were interested in checking the possible activation of enzymes of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway in response to a temperature drop. In Arabidopsis suspension cells labeled with (33)PO(4)(3-), a cold treatment induces a rapid increase of phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) content. This production was due to the simultaneous activation of phospholipase C (through diacylglycerol kinase activity) and phospholipase D, as monitored by the production of inositol triphosphate and of transphosphatidylation product, respectively. Moreover, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide pathway and of diacylglycerol kinase reduced PtdOH production. Enzyme activation occurred immediately after cells were transferred to low temperature. The respective contribution of both kind of phospholipases in cold-induced production of PtdOH could be estimated. We created conditions where phospholipids were labeled with (33)PO(4)(3-), but with ATP being nonradioactive. In such conditions, the apparition of radioactive PtdOH reflected PLD activity. Thus, we demonstrated that during a cold stress, phospholipase D activity accounted for 20% of PtdOH production. The analysis of composition in fatty acids of cold-produced PtdOH compared with that of different phospholipids confirmed that cold-induced PtdOH more likely derived mainly from phosphoinositides. The addition of chemical reagents modifying calcium availability inhibited the formation of PtdOH, showing that the cold-induced activation of phospholipase pathways is dependent on a calcium entry.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7632, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France. eric.ruelland@snv.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruelland
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantrel
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawer
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kader
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zachowski
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D009355:Neomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013844:Thiazoles; C028521:lanthanum chloride; D007811:Lanthanum; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; C047505:R 59022; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D010739:Phospholipase D; D009355:Neomycin; D002118:Calcium