title: Alcohol reduces insulin-hypertension relationship in a general population: the Hisayama study.
abstract: Insulin resistance may be a factor in the etiology of hypertension, and habitual alcohol intake may modify this relationship. We prospectively examined this hypothesis in 1,133 nonhypertensive, nondiabetic Japanese subjects, aged 40-79 years. Alcohol drinkers were more frequent among men than women at baseline (57.7 vs. 8.2%). The age-adjusted incidence of hypertension significantly increased with the elevating baseline insulin levels in women (P =.003 for trend), but not in men. The age- and sex-adjusted insulin levels and insulin resistance index decreased with elevating alcohol intake, while fasting glucose levels remained unchanged, suggesting that alcohol improves insulin sensitivity. Among nondrinkers, the age-adjusted incidence of hypertension significantly increased with elevating insulin tertiles in both sexes (P =.048 and.002 for trend in men and women, respectively), but not among drinkers. Our findings suggest a close association between insulin resistance and the incidence of hypertension in Japanese. However, alcohol modified and reduced this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Japan. harima@intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisatomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yumihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanizaki
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujishima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides