title: Effects of cytokines on VEGF expression and secretion by human first trimester trophoblast cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism through which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulation occurs at the feto-maternal interface is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various cytokines on VEGF expression and secretion by trophoblast cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effects of cytokines on VEGF expression in human first trimester trophoblast cell line by analyzing VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and VEGF protein secretion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trophoblast cells expressed VEGF mRNA constitutively and the main subtypes were identified as VEGF121 and VEGF165. When cultured in the presence of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)- 1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-2, or IL-10, VEGF mRNA expression was found to be significantly increased by IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but to be unaffected by IL-2 and IL-10. Moreover, VEGF secretion was most significantly increased by IFN-gamma treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha may regulate the production of VEGF in early gestational trophoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Sim
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Choon-Myung
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: In-Bai
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016899:Interferon-beta