title: The association between nutritional status and handgrip strength in older Rwandan refugees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between nutritional status and handgrip strength in older Rwandan refugees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rwandan refugee camp located in Karagwe district in the north-west of Tanzania. The study was carried out in the post-emergency phase. The response rate was 85%.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 413 men and 415 women aged 50-92 y participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, height, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold were obtained using standard techniques. For people with visible kyphosis, height was estimated from armspan using regression equations developed from non-kyphotic subjects within the sample. Handgrip was measured using a mechanical handgrip dynamometer. Information regarding physical activity and health status was obtained by interview and clinical screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Handgrip strength (kg) was significantly higher in men than in women (30.3+/-6.7 vs 22.3+/-5.1), and significantly lower in each older age group in both sexes. Handgrip strength was positively correlated to BMI (body mass index) and AMA (arm muscle area). The relative risk of impaired handgrip strength in individuals with poor nutritional status (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)) compared with those of adequate nutritional status was 1.75. After controlling for potential confounders (sex, age and height), BMI remained a significant contributor to the variation in handgrip strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor nutritional status is associated with poor handgrip strength independent of sex, age and height, in this refugee population. This may indicate that underweight older people are likely to have more difficulties in functioning independently in the community. Research is needed to investigate if improving nutritional status can lead to better functional ability.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Department for International Development (UK) and HelpAge International.
authors.affiliation: rvsp@wxs.nl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pieterse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manandhar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012036:Refugees; D012432:Rwanda / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013636:Tanzania