title: Hashimoto's thyroiditis shares features with early papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: Neoplastic transformation is a multistep process that results in a continuous spectrum from the normal (physiological) state to a fully established neoplasm. The gold standard for diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is conventional histology, the essential element being the characteristic nuclear features, regardless of whether papillary structures are present or not. However, other criteria are being used increasingly in the diagnosis of neoplasms, including immunohistochemical staining and molecular profile. The RET/PTC gene rearrangement is highly specific for papillary thyroid carcinoma and is associated with the characteristic nuclear features seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. There is an overlap in the morphological features, immunohistochemical staining pattern, and most importantly, molecular profile between papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although considered a 'benign' condition, Hashimoto's thyroiditis almost always harbours a genetic rearrangement that is strongly associated with and is highly specific for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Submicroscopic foci of papillary thyroid carcinoma must be present in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, although the clinical behaviour is still benign. Further studies are required to predict which foci will progress to papillary thyroid carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Barts and The London NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanes
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Diaz-Cano
mesh_terms: D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C416649:Ret protein, Drosophila