title: Lamprey lymphocyte-like cells express homologs of genes involved in immunologically relevant activities of mammalian lymphocytes.
abstract: To shed light on the origin of adaptive immunity, a cDNA library was prepared from purified lymphocyte-like cells of a jawless vertebrate, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Randomly selected cDNA clones were sequenced, and their homologies to proteins in the databases were determined. Of the sequences homologous to proteins involved in immune responses, five were selected for further characterization. Their encoding genes corresponded to loci that in jawed vertebrates are essential for activities of lymphocytes. These activities include regulation of T and B cell stimulation and proliferation (CD45); stabilization of molecular complexes involved in lymphocyte activation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation (CD9/CD81); adaptor functions in signaling leading to the activation of B lymphocytes (BCAP) and T lymphocytes (CAST); and amino acid transport associated with cell activation (CD98). The presence of these genes in the lamprey genome and their expression in lymphocyte-like cells support the notion that these cells perform many of the functions of gnathostome lymphocytes. It reopens the question of the stage jawless fishes reached in the evolution of their immune system.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstrasse 42, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uinuk-Ool
authors.forename: Werner E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Akie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dongak
authors.forename: Max D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D001402:B-Lymphocytes; D015415:Biomarkers; D027261:Fusion Regulatory Protein-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007798:Lampreys; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008322:Mammals; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D060245:Tetraspanin 29
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C554869:CD9 protein, human; D027261:Fusion Regulatory Protein-1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D060245:Tetraspanin 29; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens