title: Effect of glucoprivation on serotonin neurotoxicity induced by substituted amphetamines.
abstract: The present studies were conducted to further explore the potential role of metabolic compromise in substituted amphetamine-induced serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxicity. To this end, we examined the glucoprivic effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the 5-HT neurotoxic effects of fenfluramine (FEN) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Rats were treated with either FEN or MDMA, alone and in combination, with doses of 2-DG known to produce glucoprivic effects at either 22 +/- 1 or 28 +/- 1 degrees C. At 22 +/- 1 degrees C, FEN produced hypothermia, MDMA induced hyperthermia, and both drugs produced significant long-term reductions in regional brain 5-HT neuronal markers. 2-DG did not enhance 5-HT neurotoxicity induced by either FEN or MDMA; indeed, in some instances, it afforded partial neuroprotection. Although 2-DG afforded partial protection from both FEN and MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxic changes, it also caused significant hypothermia, raising the possibility that protection was due to a lowered temperature. Increasing the ambient temperature to 28 +/- 1 degrees C largely eliminated drug-induced hypothermia and eliminated the neuroprotective effects of 2-DG. Thus, even without the confounding effect of temperature, 2-DG still did not potentiate FEN or MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that the role of metabolic compromise in amphetamine-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Branden J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cord
authors.forename: Una D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ricaurte
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000494:pharmacology; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018490:Serotonin Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000963:Antimetabolites; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005277:Fenfluramine; D005947:Glucose; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D018490:Serotonin Agents; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C493232:Slc6a4 protein, rat