title: [Genotoxic effect of PCP and lindane on human epithelial tonsil cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experimental and epidemiological studies have provided evidence that pentachlorophenol (PCP) and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) may pose a potential carcinogenic risk for human epithelial cells of the upper aerodigestive tract. In the past, these two substances have been used for military and nonmilitary purposes, e.g., for impregnation of textiles and uniforms. In this study, we investigated the genotoxic effect of PCP and lindane on human mucosal tissue from the tonsils.
  
  
  METHODS
  In epithelia obtained from the tonsillar mucosa removed during surgery, cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue staining. The specimens were incubated for 60 min with PCP (0.3, 0.75, and 1.2 mM) and lindane (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mM). The induction of DNA damage (single- and double-strand breaks) caused by PCP and lindane was measured using single-cell microgel electrophoresis. Evaluation was performed with an image analyzer enhanced by fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exposure to PCP and lindane, strong genotoxic effects are apparent. The DNA migration rose from 26 micrometer in the control solution up to nearly 90 micrometer after incubation with PCP and lindane ( p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study could demonstrate for the first time genotoxic effects of PCP and lindane on human tonsillar epithelium. It has to be considered that chronic exposure to both agents might increase the risk for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tisch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergenthal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D010416:Pentachlorophenol