Crucial role of DNA methylation in determination of clonally distributed killer cell Ig-like receptor expression patterns in NK cells.
Human NK cells are characterized by the expression of surface receptors of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, which are involved in the specific recognition of pathogenic target cells. Each NK cell expresses and maintains an individual subset of inhibitory and stimulatory KIR and in this way contributes to a diversified NK cell repertoire. To date, the molecular basis for generation of clonally distributed KIR expression patterns has been elusive. Here, analyses of DNA methylation patterns of KIR genes in NK cell lines as well as in NK cells, freshly isolated from peripheral blood, demonstrated that a small CpG island surrounding the transcriptional start site of each KIR gene is consistently demethylated in expressed KIR and methylated in unexpressed KIR. DNA-demethylating treatment resulted in a rapid and stable induction of transcription and cell surface expression of all formerly unexpressed KIR in NK cell lines, NK cell clones, and freshly isolated NK cells, but not in other cell types. In vitro methylation of KIR CpG islands repressed reporter gene expression in NK cells. We conclude that clonal patterns of KIR expression are mainly epigenetically determined and maintained through DNA methylation.
Santourlidis
Simeon
S
Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
Trompeter
Hans-Ingo
HI
Weinhold
Sandra
S
Eisermann
Britta
B
Meyer
Klaus L
KL
Wernet
Peter
P
Uhrberg
Markus
M
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats / Q000276:immunology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine