title: Perinatal factors affecting survival and survival without disability of extreme premature infants at two years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study obstetrical factors leading to very preterm delivery (between 24 and 28 weeks) and to relate these factors to neonatal outcome and psychomotor development at two years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 144 infants born alive before 28 weeks of gestation at a single perinatal center between January 1993 and December 1996, we analyzed the influence on neonatal outcome and on psychomotor development at 24 months of a variety of perinatal and neonatal factors. Psychomotor development at two years was classified as: normal, borderline, or moderately or severely handicapped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 114 women delivered live infants before 28 weeks' gestation: 87 singletons, 25 sets of twins, 1 set of triplets and 1 set of quadruplets. All 144 live-born infants received neonatal resuscitation: 50 died before discharge. At two years of age, 6 of the 94 survivors were lost to follow-up. Assessments of the psychomotor development of the other 88 was normal for 52%; borderline for 20%, moderately handicapped for 20%, and severely handicapped for 8%. Multivariate analysis found that two factors affected survival: birthweight and fetal heart rate. (The 42% of infants with a birthweight below 700 g survived versus 83% above 900 g, P<0.001, OR=5.2, 95% CI (confidence interval) [2.4-11.2].)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show the influence of perinatal factors on the outcome of very preterm infants; birthweight and fetal heart rate are strongly correlated with survival. Gestational age is a good predictor of psychomotor development at two years.
authors.affiliation: Département de Gynécologie Obstétrique, University Hospital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ayoubi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audibert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boithias
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bosson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frydman
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate