Critical mechanisms of secondary damage after inflicted head injury in infants and children.
A number of critical mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of inflicted head injury. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, programmed cell death, and mediators of blood flow and metabolism all contribute to secondary injury after abusive head trauma. These mechanisms are reviewed and the implications for clinical practice discussed.
Ruppel
Randall A
RA
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Clark
Robert S B
RS
Bayir
Hülya
H
Satchell
Margaret A
MA
Kochanek
Patrick M
PM
D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant