title: Value of contrast ultrasonography in the detection of significant prostate cancer: correlation with radical prostatectomy specimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presented study has investigated a possible improvement of imaging prostate cancer: three-dimensional contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (3D-CE-PDU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with biopsy proven prostate cancer and scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy received a 3D-CE-PDU investigation before surgery. Two experts analyzed the ultrasound images. The ultrasound images were correlated to the whole-mount sections of the prostate specimen. The correlation protocol consisted of three evaluation steps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 153 prostate tumors were found in the 70 prostate specimens: 61 tumors <5 mm, 93 tumors >or=5 mm. The diagnosis of clinical significant and insignificant prostate cancer was made in 85 and 88% of the patients for expert I and II, respectively. Diagnosis by imaging improved from 61% (43 of 70 of the prostate cancers) for standard detection tools to an average 86% (60 of 70 prostate cancers) for 3D-CE-PDU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-CE-PDU improves the detection of prostate cancer in this group of prostate cancer patients. The use of 3D-CE-PDU in the clinic is questionable as indications are still unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. msedelaar@uro.azn.nl
authors.forename: J P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sedelaar
authors.forename: G J L H
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van Leenders
authors.forename: T E B
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Goossen
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hulsbergen-van der Kaa
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: van Adrichem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstra
authors.forename: J J M C H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media