title: Electronic detection of DNA by its intrinsic molecular charge.
abstract: We report the selective and real-time detection of label-free DNA using an electronic readout. Microfabricated silicon field-effect sensors were used to directly monitor the increase in surface charge when DNA hybridizes on the sensor surface. The electrostatic immobilization of probe DNA on a positively charged poly-l-lysine layer allows hybridization at low ionic strength where field-effect sensing is most sensitive. Nanomolar DNA concentrations can be detected within minutes, and a single base mismatch within 12-mer oligonucleotides can be distinguished by using a differential detection technique with two sensors in parallel. The sensors were fabricated by standard silicon microtechnology and show promise for future electronic DNA arrays and rapid characterization of nucleic acid samples. This approach demonstrates the most direct and simple translation of genetic information to microelectronics.
authors.affiliation: Media Laboratory, Department of Biology, and Biological Engineering Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaudet
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sorger
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Manalis
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004583:Electrons; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012996:Solutions; D004247:DNA