title: Oxidative brain injury from extravasated erythrocytes after intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Intracerebral infusion of lysed erythrocytes causes brain edema without inducing ischemic cerebral blood flow. Reports have indicated that oxidative damage contributes to secondary brain injury in stroke. In the present study, we investigated whether erythrocyte lysis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) might result in oxidative brain damage. This study had four parts. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an infusion of autologous lysed erythrocytes into the right striatum. Control rats only had a needle insertion. Neurological deficits, brain water and ion contents were determined in the first part. In the second part, hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper/zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD) and protein carbonyl levels were determined by Western blot analysis. In the third part, immunohistochemistry was performed for HO-1. DNA damage was examined using DNA polymerase I-mediated biotin-dATP nick-translation (PANT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) in the fourth part. Infusion of lysed RBCs induced marked edema in the ipsilateral striatum and profound neurological deficits. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry indicated that HO-1 was upregulated 24 h after infusion of lysed red blood cells. Both Mn-SOD and CuZn-SOD contents decreased, protein carbonyl levels increased in the ipsilateral striatum, and there was the appearance of PANT- and TUNEL-positive cells suggesting oxidative mechanisms in the erythrocyte-induced brain injury. In conclusion, oxidative stress caused by components of the lysed erythrocytes contributes to the brain injury after ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0532, USA.
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schallert
authors.forename: Julian T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006461:Hemolysis; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase