title: [Dose-reduced conditioning before allogeneic stem cell transplantation: principles, clinical protocols and preliminary results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the treatment of leukemia by stem cell transplantation, the immunological effects of allogeneic T-lymphocytes presumably play a greater part than high-dosage total-body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy. Using this immunological effect, attempts are currently being made to reduce the dosage of pre-treatment that is toxic to stem cell, such as TBI, thereby making transplantation available for a larger group of patients at high risk for transplantation. This study presents preliminary results of three current studies of this approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have an increased transplantation risk. They were conditioned with TBI that was reduced stepwise (n = 27). Patients with advanced and refractory myeloid leukemia were treated with chemotherapy and dose-reduced TBI (FLAMSA protocol; n = 54). In patients with multiple myeloma, autologous transplantation with high-dose chemotherapy preceded allogeneic transplantation possible after dose-reduced conditioning (Tandem protocol; n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three protocols of TBI gave results that were not worse than those of previous studies. Relapse ocurred not more frequently in patients with CML. In patients with high-risk AML the FLAMSA protocol gave better results. Autologous-allogeneic tandem transplantation was well tolerated and led to a good response in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allogeneic transplantation after dose-reduced conditioning opens up new possibilities with respect to widening indications for transplantation and improving results in hematological diseases with previously unsatisfactory treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Kooperationsgruppe "Hämatopoetische Transplantation", José-Carreras-Einheit für hämatopoetische Transplantation, Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Christoph.Schmid@med3.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weisser
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ledderose
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stötzer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schleuning
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kolb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide