title: Laparoscopic versus open donor nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As compared with open donor nephrectomy (OpenDN), laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LapDN) offers donors more rapid recovery and recipients equivalent graft function, but LapDN costs remain greater. This study compared LapDN and OpenDN with cost-utility analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilities were assessed with time trade-off, probabilities derived from systematic review of the literature and the costs derived from 27 OpenDN and 34 LapDN patients treated contemporaneously. A societal perspective was taken. Lost employment costs were included. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated with best- and worst-case scenarios for confidence intervals. Sensitivity analyses assessed robustness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LapDN costs are lower (11,170.71 dollars vs 12,631.91 dollars), whereas quality of life (QOL) is superior (0.7247 vs 0.6585 quality-adjusted life years [QALY], rendering LapDN a dominant strategy. The model was robust to all variables, and LapDN remained dominant from a payer perspective. In a worst-case scenario, the ICER for LapDN was at most 2,231.61 dollars per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LapDN offers improved QOL at lower costs, despite the fact that this analysis included patients treated during the learning curve of LapDN at our institution. By potentially increasing organ donor rates, LapDN may be further cost saving by decreasing the number of patients receiving dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. kenneth.pace@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: R J D A
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Honey
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schlachta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mamazza
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003363:Cost Control; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D009864:Ontario; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014019:Tissue Donors