title: Final report on the safety assessment of acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl trihexyl citrate, and acetyl trioctyl citrate.
abstract: Acetyl Triethyl Citrate, Acetyl Tributyl Citrate, Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate, and Acetyl Trioctyl Citrate all function as plasticizers in cosmetics. Additionally, the Trihexyl and Trioctyl forms are described as skin-conditioning agents-emollients, although there are currently no reported uses of Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate or Acetyl Trioctyl Citrate. Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Acetyl Tributyl Citrate are used in nail products at concentrations up to 7%. Recognizing that there are no reported uses of Acetyl Trihexyl or Trioctyl Citrate, if they were to be used in the future, their concentration of use is expected to be no higher than that reported for Acetyl Triethyl and Tributyl Citrate. These ingredients were sufficiently similar in structure that safety test data on one were considered applicable to all. Approximately 99% of orally administered Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is excreted-intermediate metabolites include acetyl citrate, monobutyl citrate, acetyl monobutyl citrate, dibutyl citrate, and acetyl dibutyl citrate. In acute, short-term, subchronic, and chronic feeding studies, these ingredients were relatively nontoxic. Differences from controls were either not statistically significant or not related to any organ toxicity. Ocular exposures produced moderate reactions that cleared by 48 hours after instillation. Dermal application was not toxic in rabbits. In a guinea pig maximization test, Acetyl Triethyl Citrate was a sensitizer whereas Acetyl Tributyl Citrate was not. Limited clinical testing of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Acetyl Tributyl Citrate was negative for both skin irritation and sensitization. These clinical data were considered more relevant than the guinea pig maximization data, suggesting to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel that none of these ingredients would be a sensitizer. Physiologic effects noted with intravenous delivery of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate or Acetyl Tributyl Citrate include dose-related decreases in blood pressure and intestinal muscular spasms. These ingredients were not genotoxic in bacterial or mammalian test systems. No significant differences in tumor induction (lymphomas) were noted in rats fed Acetyl Tributyl Citrate for 2 year. Acetyl Tributyl Citrate was not a developmental or reproductive toxicant in studies in mice and rats. Based on all the available data, these ingredients were considered safe as used in cosmetics.
authors.affiliation: Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
authors.forename: Wilbur
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004643:Emollients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D003358:Cosmetics; D004643:Emollients; D010968:Plasticizers; C473837:acetyl trioctyl citrate; C014953:2-acetyltributylcitrate; C473838:acetyl triethyl citrate; C473836:acetyl trihexyl citrate