title: Evaluation of the interactions of common genetic mutations in stroke subtypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic stroke is a frequent heterogeneous multifactorial disease that is affected by several genetic mutations and environmental factors. We hypothesised the clinical importance of the co-occurrence of common, unfavorable genetic mutations in the development of different stroke subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Factor V Leiden G1691A (Leiden V), the prothrombin G20210A and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (MTHFR C677T) mutations and the angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D (ACE I/D) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes were examined by the PCR technique in 689 ischemic stroke patients and 652 stroke-free controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risks of different stroke subtypes for different genotype combination patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE D/D genotype alone or in combination with the MTHFR 677T or the APOE 4 allele or with both was highly specific for small-vessel infarction. The Leiden V mutation alone or in different combination patterns with the ACE D, APOE 4 and MTHFR 677T alleles was specifically predisposed to large-vessel infarction. The APOE 4 allele alone was calculated to be a general, minor genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke. The MTHFR 677T allele alone was not a risk factor for any stroke subtype. In the different specific predisposition gene combinations, however, both the APOE 4 and MTHFR 677T alleles could increase the relative risk of the given stroke subgroup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common mutations which alone are minor or non-significant risk factors for ischemic stroke can yield, in specific combination patterns, a highly significant, moderate genetic risk of specific stroke subtypes.
authors.affiliation: H-5600 Békéscsaba, Pipacs köz 9, Hungary. szolnoki99@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szolnoki
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Somogyvári
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondacs
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fodor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A