title: Silica zeolite scavenging of exhaled isoflurane: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluate the effectiveness of a silica zeolite (Deltazite) hydrophobic molecular sieve adsorbent, in removing exhaled isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three experiments, a simulated anesthesia mannequin was ventilated using 1% isoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen (1:1 ratio) at a gas flow of 3 L x min-1. Airway pressures, end-tidal carbon dioxide [ETCO2], inspired and end-tidal isoflurane were measured. The scavenging line was connected to a canister containing 750 g of the silica zeolite. Concentrations of isoflurane entering and exiting the canister were measured, as well as the pressure gradient across the canister and gas flow through the canister. In phase 1 (n = 3), the mannequin was ventilated for 6.5 hr, followed by phase 2 where a test lung replaced the simulator. The time (phase 1 plus phase 2) until isoflurane 'breakthrough' (> 0.02%) was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average canister weight increase was 68 g, however 92 g of isoflurane were used. The isoflurane concentration exiting the canister remained undetectable throughout phase 1 in each experiment. The pressure gradient across the canister averaged 0.13 cm H2O and did not increase throughout phase 1. The time to 'breakthrough' (phase 1 plus phase 2) was 8.0 hr, 8.8 hr and 9.0 hr.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silica zeolite was effective at completely removing 1% isoflurane from exhaled gases for periods of eight hours. The technology shows promise in removing isoflurane emitted from anesthesia machine scavenging systems.
authors.affiliation: University Health Network, Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byrick
authors.forename: Dusanka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filipovic
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cashin
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D017641:Zeolites; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D007530:Isoflurane