title: Nitric oxide synergistically potentiates interleukin-1 beta-induced increase of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA levels, resulting in the facilitation of substance P release from primary afferent neurons: involvement of cGMP-independent mechanisms.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells respond to stimulation with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by releasing substance P (SP), and this response is regulated via the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway. In this study, to ascertain the interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins in primary afferent neurons, we investigated the effect of NO on the IL-1 beta-induced release of SP in cultured DRG cells. An NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), did not in itself evoke SP release. However, it potentiated the IL-1 beta-induced release of SP. Similarly, while SNAP did not elicit the expression of COX-2 mRNA, it potentiated the expression induced by IL-1 beta in cultured DRG cells, and this potentiation was significantly suppressed by the NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO). Moreover, SNAP also potentiated the expression of COX-2 protein induced by IL-1 beta in cultured DRG cells. The stimulatory effect of SNAP on the IL-1 beta-induced release of SP was completely inhibited on co-incubation with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), a potent inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, did not suppress, and a membrane-permeable cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, did not mimic the stimulatory effects of SNAP in DRG cells. These results suggest that in cultured DRG cells, NO potentiates the IL-1 beta-induced increase in COX-2 expression via a soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP-independent pathway, resulting in facilitation of SP release. The interaction between NO and COX in primary afferent neurons might contribute to the change in nociceptive perception in inflammatory hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikoma
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hide
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dohi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013373:Substance P; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D006152:Cyclic GMP