title: Combined use of computed tomography coronary calcium scores and C-reactive protein levels in predicting cardiovascular events in nondiabetic individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The South Bay Heart Watch is a prospective cohort study designed to appraise the value of coronary calcium and risk factors for predicting outcomes in asymptomatic adults. Two factors that may be related to subsequent cardiovascular events are coronary calcium (CAC, a manifestation of subclinical atherosclerosis) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP, a measure of chronic inflammation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between December 1990 and December 1992, 1461 participants without coronary heart disease underwent baseline risk factor screening, computed tomography for CAC, and measurement of CRP. Participants were followed up for 6.4+/-1.3 years. Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 967 nondiabetics with CRP levels < or =10 mg/L to estimate the risk-factor-adjusted relative risks of CAC and CRP for the occurrence of (1) nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary death and (2) any cardiovascular event (MI, coronary death, coronary revascularization, or stroke). CAC was a predictor of both end points (P<0.005), and CRP was a predictor of any cardiovascular event (P=0.03). Risk group analysis defined by tertiles for CAC (<3.7, 3.7 to 142.1, >142.1) and the 75th percentile for CRP (>4.05 mg/L) indicated that there was increasing risk with increasing calcium and CRP. Relative risks for the medium-calcium/low-CRP risk group to high-calcium/high-CRP risk group ranged from 1.8 to 6.1 for MI/coronary death (P=0.003) and 2.8 to 7.5 for any cardiovascular event (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants without diabetes and those at intermediate risk may benefit from risk stratification based on high-sensitivity CRP levels and CAC, because both factors contribute independently toward the incidence of cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detrano
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Youhanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: LaBree
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein