title: A twelve-year review of radical cystectomies in Singapore General Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common cancer affecting men in Singapore. This study reviews the complication rates and long-term outcome after radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case-record review of 90 consecutive radical cystectomies in the Department of Urology at the Singapore General Hospital from 1 January 1989 to 31 December 2000 was performed. Patients were included if they were operated for muscle-invasive tumour, high-grade tumour with carcinoma in-situ (CIS), recurring multifocal high-grade tumour, CIS unresponsive to intravesical therapy, or endoscopically uncontrollable tumour. Patients were excluded if they had metastatic disease or non-bladder primary carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were predominantly male (M:F, 80:10) and Chinese (Chinese:Malay:Indian:Others, 70:10:3:7) with a mean age of 64.1 +/- 9.9 years (range, 39 to 83 years). Fifty-one patients underwent ileal conduit creation, 36 had ileal neobladder creation, 2 had ureterosigmoidostomies and 1 had Mainz II pouch creation following radical cystectomy. Perioperative mortality was 2.2% (n = 2). Early complications constituted 39% (n = 35), whilst late complications constituted 14% (n = 13) of cases. The mean follow-up was 27.1 +/- 29.7 months (range, 1 to 137 months). The mean time to recurrence was 26.0 +/- 29.5 months (range, 3 to 137 months). The overall survival was 70%, 43% and 37% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. The disease-free survival was 64%, 35% and 32% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our radical cystectomies for bladder carcinoma are comparable to other established urology units although the morbidity remained significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608. hgsim@pacific.net.sg
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: W K O
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: C W S
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*