title: Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on the progression of nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) experience higher morbidity and mortality rates than appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) neonates. The purpose of our study was to clarify whether IUGR has any influences on the progression of nephrotic syndrome in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 56 children with nephrotic syndrome. IUGR was defined as a birth weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age. Among 56 patients having nephrotic syndrome, 8 had IUGR, and 48 were AGA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-hour urinary protein level in children with IUGR was significantly higher than that in children who were AGA (7.61 +/- 6.75 vs. 3.92 +/- 3.70 g/day, p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of steroid resistance (62.5 vs. 10.4%, p < 0.05) and in the time to remission (median 60 vs. 13 days, p < 0.05) between the children with IUGR and those being AGA. Also, there was a significant difference in the incidences of treatment with cytotoxic agents (75 vs. 29.2%, p < 0.05) and complications such as hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our report indicates that IUGR predicts an unfavorable progression of nephrotic syndrome. So, it is important for nephrologists to pay attention to the clinical course of nephrotic syndrome in neonates with IUGR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yo Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Hae Joung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kee Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Young Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Joo Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Kyum
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids