title: Which treatment in pericardial effusion?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pericardiocentesis, pleuro-pericardial window, subxiphoid pericardial drainage and pericardioscopy: which methodology to treat pericardial effusion? Each of these surgical treatments can be effective, depending on clinical factors and history of the patients. We considered pericardial effusions during 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 64 cases: 14 acute pericardial effusions (5 patients with cardiac tamponade), 39 subacute, 11 chronic. Epidemiology and aetiology: 8 cases were between 20 and 25 years old (all affected by lymphoma), 56 were distributed in every age, especially over 60, and of these 45 were neoplastic and 11 non- neoplastic. Non-neoplastic cases were connectivitis (3 patients), uncertain origin effusion (7 patients), tubercular (1 patient). In neoplastic effusions we found lymphoma (at older age) in 7, small cell lung cancer in 6, NSCLC in 12, mesothelioma in 2, breast cancer in 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute pericardial effusions with cardiac tamponade underwent echo-guided pericardiocentesis. In 43 we had a subxiphoid pericardial drainage, among these cases we performed 4 pericardioscopies. We created a pleuro-pericardial window on VATS in 13, on thoracotomy in 4 for technical reasons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardiocentesis is to be preferred in acute pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade to avoid general anaesthesia. Pleuro-pericardial window on VATS is better in chronic pericardial effusion (for infective or systemic disease) and in recurrence, after performing subxiphoid drainage. Subxiphoid drainage is suitable for all neoplastic patients, and in case of unknown aetiology in order to perform a pericardioscopy.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campione
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cacchiarelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghiribelli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caloni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Agata
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000209:etiology; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D010491:Pericardial Window Techniques; D020519:Pericardiocentesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies