title: Biometrical genetics.
abstract: Biometrical genetics is the science concerned with the inheritance of quantitative traits. In this review we discuss how the analytical methods of biometrical genetics are based upon simple Mendelian principles. We demonstrate how the phenotypic covariance between related individuals provides information on the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors influencing that trait, and how factors such as assortative mating, gene-environment correlation and genotype-environment interaction complicate such interpretations. Twin and adoption studies are discussed as well as their assumptions and limitations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is introduced and we illustrate how this approach may be applied to genetic problems. In particular, we show how SEM can be used to address complicated issues such as analyzing the causes of correlation between traits or determining the direction of causation (DOC) between variables.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Joint Genetics Program, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia. davide@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D015984:Causality; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010641:Phenotype; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012931:Social Environment; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic