title: [Non-invasive continuous positive airways pressure for post-extubation laryngitis in pediatric patients].
abstract: Post-extubation laryngeal edema (PLE) is a common complication (10-15%) in pediatric intensive care units, and some authors have reported high failure rates for conventional treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Non-invasive continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) in children with PLE may have a lower failure rate than conventional management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients were needed to detect a difference between the two treatment groups. The patients were assigned to receive the conventional treatment (nebulized epinephrin and humidified oxygen) or the experimental treatment (non-invasive CPAP treatment for 18 hours), using a randomized block design (10-patient blocks). After 9 months, the study was halted when a significant difference emerged between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 270 children extubated during the study, 28 (10.3%) developed PLE and 25 met the enrollment requirements. Thirteen were assigned to conventional therapy and 12 to CPAP. General characteristics, time of intubation, FiO2 upon admission, use of corticoids before extubation and scores for respiratory difficulty upon admission were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). With conventional therapy, 5 (38.5%) children improved and 8 patients worsened or remained the same. Eleven (91.7%) of the patients receiving CPAP improved (p = 0.01). Those who failed on conventional treatment were prescribed CPAP and all then improved, although one had to be re-intubated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis was confirmed. CPAP treatment reduced the failure rate by 53.2% in comparison with conventional therapy.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Chile, Santiago-Chile. horrio@saval.cl
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Von Dessauer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duffau
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007819:Laryngeal Edema / Q000209:etiology; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D013997:Time Factors; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine