title: Neutrophils and the calcium-binding protein MRP-14 mediate carrageenan-induced antinociception in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that the calcium-binding protein MRP-14 secreted by neutrophils mediates the antinociceptive response in an acute inflammatory model induced by the intraperitoneal injection of glycogen in mice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In an attempt to broaden the concept that neutrophils and MRP-14 controls inflammatory pain induced by different type of irritants, in the present study, after demonstrating that carrageenan (Cg) also induces atinociception in mice, we investigated the participation of both neutrophils and MRP-14 in the phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with Cg and after different time intervals, the pattern of cell migration of the peritoneal exudate and the nociceptive response of animals submitted to the writhing test were evaluated. The participation of neutrophils and of the MRP-14 on the Cg effect was evaluated by systemic inoculation of monoclonal antibodies anti-granulocyte and anti-MRP-14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that the acute neutrophilic peritonitis evoked by Cg induced antinociception 2, 4 and 8 h after inoculation of the irritant. Monoclonal antibodies anti-granulocyte or anti-MRP-14 reverts the antinociceptive response only 2 and 8 h after Cg injection. The antibody anti-MRP-14 partially reverts the antinociception observed after 4 h of Cg injection while the anti-granulocyte antibody enhances this effect. This effect is reverted by simultaneous treatment of the animals with both antibodies. After 4 h of Cg injection in neutrophil-depleted mice a significant expression of the calcium-binding protein MRP-14 was detected in the cytoplasm of peritoneal macrophages. This suggests that the enhancement of the effect observed after treatment with the anti-neutrophil antibody may be due to secretion of MRP-14 by macrophages. It has also been demonstrated that endogenous opioids and glucocorticoids are not involved in the antinociception observed at the 4th hour after Cg injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that neutrophils and the calcium-binding protein MRP-14 are participants of the endogenous control of inflammatory pain in mice despite the model of acute inflammation used.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, Av Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Maria Angela Amorim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giorgi
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D040502:Calgranulin B; D004723:Endorphins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D002351:Carrageenan