Macrophage inflammatory protein-1.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta are highly related members of the CC chemokine subfamily. Despite their structural similarities, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta show diverging signaling capacities. Depending on the MIP-1 subtype and its NH(2)-terminal processing, one or more of the CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5 are recognized. Since both human MIP-1alpha subtypes (LD78alpha and LD78beta) and MIP-1beta signal through CCR5, the major co-receptor for M-tropic HIV-1 strains, these chemokines are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection in susceptible cells. In this review, different aspects of human and mouse MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta are discussed, including their protein and gene structures, their regulated production, their receptor usage and biological activities and their role in several pathologies including HIV-1 infection.
Menten
Patricia
P
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven Belgium.
Wuyts
Anja
A
Van Damme
Jo
J
D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism
C515300:CCR1 protein, human; C515350:CCR3 protein, human; C515301:Ccr1 protein, mouse; C515351:Ccr3 protein, mouse; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine