title: Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1, -2, -3, and -6 on cultured growth plate chondrocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In children with chronic renal failure (CRF), impairment of longitudinal growth is in part due to excess amounts of circulating high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) that might decrease or prevent insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding to its signaling receptor. However, it appears from the clinical studies that various IGFBPs may have contrasting effects on longitudinal growth. Because of the potential importance of the IGFBPs as modulators of longitudinal growth in pediatric CRF, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biological effects of IGFBP-1, -2, -3, and -6 on cultured growth plate chondrocytes that express the type 1 IGF receptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of exogenous IGFBPs on IGF-independent and IGF-dependent proliferation of rat growth plate chondrocytes in primary culture were investigated. Proliferation was assessed by colony formation of agarose-stabilized long-term suspension cultures and by the [3H]thymidine assay. The effects of IGFBPs on IGF-I binding and the binding of IGFBPs to chondrocytes were assessed by binding studies with radiolabeled proteins in monolayer culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intact IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6 inhibited in equimolar concentration the IGF-I- and IGF-II-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, whereas the biological activity of IGFBP-3 was complex. It had an IGF-independent antiproliferative effect and also inhibited IGF-dependent chondrocyte proliferation under coincubation conditions, whereas under preincubation conditions IGFBP-3 enhanced IGF-I-responsiveness. Studies on the mechanism by which IGFBP-3 potentiated IGF activity demonstrated that under preincubation conditions IGFBP-3 is capable to associate with the cell membrane and to facilitate IGF-I cell surface binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intact IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6 act exclusively as growth inhibitors on IGF-dependent proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. IGFBP-3, however, can either inhibit IGF-independent and IGF-dependent cell proliferation, or enhance IGF responsiveness of chondrocytes dependent on the temporal relationship to the IGF exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiepe
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ulinski
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mehls
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tönshoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000166:cytology*; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018976:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018976:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1