title: Threshold levels of purified natural Bos d 2 for inducing bronchial airway response in asthmatic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Provocation tests are invaluable in establishing threshold levels and a causal relationship between atopic asthma and a certain allergen source, especially in relation to work-associated exposure. Purified major allergens open possibilities for a more accurate assessment of sensitization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the threshold dose of purified major bovine dander allergen Bos d 2 in bronchial provocation in comparison with the standard allergen and a set of other parameters of allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive patients referred to hospital for confirming the bovine origin of their occupational asthma were subjected to bronchial provocation tests with purified natural Bos d 2 and a standard bovine dander allergen. Additional tests included bronchial histamine challenge, measurements of total IgE, specific IgE antibody determinations and skin prick tests (SPT) with both allergens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the provocation tests with Bos d 2, a 15% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and/or peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in eight out of nine patients confirmed the predominant role of Bos d 2 in the sensitization. The threshold dose of Bos d 2 varied from 0.1 microg to > 100 microg (median +/- median absolute deviation = 4.5 +/- 3.9 microg). A positive SPT was induced by a median dose of 13.9 +/- 9.8 microg of Bos d 2. Bronchial response to histamine and IgE antibodies against Bos d 2 showed the highest correlations to the provocations results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy of Bos d 2 in bronchial provocation in patients with occupational cattle-associated asthma was confirmed and the range of the threshold level was determined. There were individual variations, but the response in provocation remains the reference method for identification of the cause of occupational atopic asthma. SPT and the measurement of specific IgE antibodies, preferably with purified or recombinant major allergens, increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, University if Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeiler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taivainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mäntyjärvi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tukiainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rautiainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rytkönen-Nissinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006632:Histamine; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000906:Antibodies; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C113339:Bos d 2 allergen; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D006632:Histamine