title: [Detection of Enterococcus with high-level aminoglycoside and glycopeptide resistance in Lactuca sativa (lettuce)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the presence of enterococci highly resistant to aminoglycosides and glycopeptides in foods eaten uncooked, in order to evaluate their role as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We isolated 92 strains of enterococci from 79 samples of lettuce grown on farms near the city of Corrientes (Argentina). Enterococci were identified by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by growth in azide dextrose broth supplemented with 500 microg/ml of gentamicin and 2,000 microg/ml of streptomycin, and by disk diffusion technique using disks with high levels of aminoglycosides, vancomycin and teicoplanin, in Müller Hinton agar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently detected species was E. faecium (32.61%), followed by E. faecalis (21.74%), E. gallinarum (13.04%), E. casseliflavus and E. mundtii (7.60%), E. hirae, (6.52%), E. durans (4.35%), E. raffinossus and E. saccharolyticus (2.17%), E. avium and E. malodoratus (1.10%). High-level resistance to streptomycin and gentamicin was found in 2 strains of E. Faecium. Resistance to streptomycin alone was observed in 2 strains of E. faecium, in 3 of E. hirae and in 1 of E. mundtii. Resistance only to gentamicin was not observed in any strain. None of the isolates showed glycopeptide resistance, except the intrinsically resistant species (E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the presence of enterococci within the community having susceptibility profiles similar to those of strains found in hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Area de Bacteriología. Instituto de Medicina Regional. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Las Heras 727. Resistencia. Chaco. República Argentina. mronconi@bib.unne.edu.ar
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ronconi
authors.forename: Luis Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004351:Drug Resistance; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013030:Spain; D013045:Species Specificity; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; D013307:Streptomycin