title: A first look at variations in use of breast conserving surgery at five teaching hospitals in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed variations in the use of breast conserving surgery (BCS) for operable breast cancer paticnts among hospitals in Japan, and then compared the length of stay (LOS) and total charges during hospitalization between patients who received BCS and those who received mastectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a database from the Voluntary Hospitals of Japan Quality Indicator Project that involved 10 teaching hospitals in Japan. We selected female operable breast cancer patients who were admitted to five of these hospitals from January 1996 to December 1999 (n = 614).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of the use of BCS, LOS, and total charges during hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six percent of 614 subjects in the five hospitals received BCS. Proportions of the use of BCS varied from 9% to 51% across five hospitals during the 4-year period. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that when we selected as a reference one hospital that had the same proportion of the use of BCS (26%) as the average proportion among all hospitals, three hospitals were 0.3, 2.0, and 2.6 times more likely to use BCS than the reference (P < 0.05). LOS for BCS [mean 25.0 days, standard deviation (SD) 11.8 days] was significantly shorter than for mastectomy (mean 27.3 days, SD 8.6 days), and total charges during hospitalization for BCS (mean US$7771.5, SD 2676.7) were significantly lower than for mastectomy (mean US$8502.5, SD 2044.0). Linear mixed models confirmed that the use of BCS was significantly associated with shorter LOS (P < 0.001) and lower total charges (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary description of breast cancer care in five teaching hospitals in Japan revealed variations in the use of BCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, School of Public Health, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. tatsuro@pbh.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care