title: Levels of processing, transfer-appropriate processing, and the concept of robust encoding.
abstract: The theoretical status of levels of processing and its relation to the general principle of transfer-appropriate processing is discussed. One possible description of this relationship is that levels of processing has its effect by influencing the likelihood that the processing will prove to be transfer-appropriate. This transfer account of the levels effect is discussed in terms of the concept of robust encoding (Lockhart & Craik, 1990). Available evidence provides little support for any simple form of this concept, but a modified version is suggested as a possibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. lockhart@psych.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lockhart
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D008960:Models, Psychological; D014163:Transfer, Psychology