title: Biomonitoring of exposure to aromatic amines: haemoglobin adducts in humans.
abstract: Haemoglobin (Hb) adducts from aromatic amines (AAs) are well established biomarkers of exposure. Tobacco smoking and occupational exposure are major sources of AA Hb adducts. The origin of background levels in non-smokers and non-occupationally exposed humans are largely unknown. Here we examine the determination of AA Hb adducts, focussing on the analytical strategies for Hb isolation, removal of unbound AAs from Hb solutions, hydrolysis of the Hb bound AAs, extraction, preconcentration, clean-up and derivatisation of the free amines for determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, a detailed summary of available results on the determination of AA Hb adducts is given.
authors.affiliation: Walther Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstr 26, D-80336 Munich, Germany. franky.richter@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Branner
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000097:blood*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D006454:Hemoglobins