title: Screening positive urine pregnancy tests for sexually transmitted diseases expedites the treatment of infected adolescent gravidas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the utility of screening the urine samples used to diagnose pregnancies at urban teen clinics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We hypothesized that urine screening would increase the proportion of teenagers treated for these two sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) before they initiated pregnancy-related care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected subset of the urine samples used to diagnose 212 teen pregnancies were tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by PCR. Endocervical testing was at the providers' discretion. Bivariate analyses were used to compare the teenagers randomized to the urine screening group (n = 102) and the non-screening group (n = 110).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 102 urine PCR tests, 14 (13.7%) were positive. Endocervical swabs were obtained in 31 (14.6%) of the 212 teenagers and five (16.1%) were positive. Since pelvic examinations were performed so infrequently, the net endocervical swab detection rate was significantly lower than the urine-based detection rate (1.8% compared to 13.7%; p = 0.001). Only one infected teenager was untreated when she initiated pregnancy-related care. Thus, the treatment rate was more than six times higher when urine samples were screened (12.7% compared to 1.8%; p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening the urine samples used to diagnose teen pregnancies for two common STDs is a simple, non-invasive procedure that is acceptable to providers and patients, and significantly increases the number of teenagers who are treated for genital infection before they initiate pregnancy-related care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, The Children's Hospital, Denver 80218, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens-Simon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudnick
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D011258:Pregnancy Tests / Q000379:methods; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D014505:Urban Population; D016482:Urinalysis