title: Coil-helix transition of iota-carrageenan as a function of chain regularity.
abstract: A series of iota-carrageenans containing different amounts of nu-carrageenan (0-23 monomer %) have been prepared from neutrally extracted carrageenan of Eucheuma denticulatum. nu-Carrageenan is the biochemical precursor of iota-carrageenan. The conformational order-disorder transition and rheological properties of these carrageenans were studied using optical rotation, rheometry, size exclusion chromatography coupled to multiangle laser light scattering, and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The helix forming capacity of iota-carrageenan turns out to decrease monotonously with increasing amount of nu-units. In contrast, the rheological properties of iota-carrageenan are remarkably enhanced by the presence of a small amount of nu-units, yielding a maximum twofold increase in G' at 3% nu-units. It is concluded that the structure-forming capacity of iota-carrageenan, containing a small amount of nu-carrageenan, is significantly higher than that of pure iota-carrageenan. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the balance between the helical content and the number of cross-links between chains, taking into consideration the fact that nu-units introduce "kinks" in the chain conformation enabling neighboring chains to connect. Increasing amounts of nu-units increase the number of cross-links in the network, resulting in increased gel strength. On the other hand, a reduced length of the helical strands weakens the cross-links between the different chains and, consequently, the gel.
authors.affiliation: NIZO food research, Product Technology Department, P. O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. fvelde@nizo.nl
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van de Velde
authors.forename: Harry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Rollema
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Burova
authors.forename: Valerij Ya
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: R Hans
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tromp
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005782:Gels; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012212:Rheology; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D002351:Carrageenan