title: Does lung diffusion impairment affect exercise capacity in patients with heart failure?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a relation between impairment of lung diffusion and reduced exercise capacity in chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients with heart failure in stable clinical condition and 40 controls participated in the study. All subjects underwent standard pulmonary function tests plus measurements of resting lung diffusion (carbon monoxide transfer, TLCO), pulmonary capillary volume (VC), and membrane resistance (DM), and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In 20 patients and controls, the following investigations were also done: (1) resting and constant work rate TLCO; (2) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with inspiratory O2 fractions of 0.21 and 0.16; and (3) rest and peak exercise blood gases. The other subjects underwent TLCO, DM, and VC measurements during constant work rate exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normoxia, exercise induced reductions of haemoglobin O2 saturation never occurred. With hypoxia, peak exercise uptake (peak O2) decreased from (mean (SD)) 1285 (395) to 1081 (396) ml/min (p < 0.01) in patients, and from 1861 (563) to 1771 (457) ml/min (p < 0.05) in controls. Resting TLCO correlated with peak O2 in heart failure (normoxia < hypoxia). In heart failure patients and normal subjects, TLCO and peak O2 correlated with O2 arterial content at rest and during peak exercise in both normoxia and hypoxia. TLCO, VC, and DM increased during exercise. The increase in TLCO was greater in patients who had a smaller reduction of exercise capacity with hypoxia. Alveolar-arterial O2 gradient at peak correlated with exercise capacity in heart failure during normoxia and, to a greater extent, during hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung diffusion impairment is related to exercise capacity in heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Institute of Cardiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. piergiuseppe.agostoni@cardiologicomonzino.it
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bussotti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzi
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000502:physiology; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D010100:Oxygen