title: Quantitative assessment of electrocardiographic strain predicts increased left ventricular mass: the Strong Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine the relation of computer-measured ST depression (STdep) in the lateral precordial leads to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Qualitative abnormalities of repolarization in the lateral precordial leads of the electrocardiogram, as manifested by the strain pattern of T-wave inversion and STdep, are markers for LVH and adverse prognosis. However, the independent relationship of increased left ventricular (LV) mass to quantitative measures of STdep in these leads remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were examined in the second Strong Heart Study examination in 1,595 American Indian participants without evident coronary disease. The absolute magnitude of ST segment deviation above or below isoelectric baseline was measured by computer in leads V(5) and V(6), and participants were grouped according to gender-specific quartiles of maximal STdep. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined by indexed LV mass >49.2 g/m(2.7) in men and >46.7 g/m(2.7) in women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing STdep was associated with older age, greater pulse pressure, serum fibrinogen levels and urinary albumin/creatinine ratios, and with stepwise increases in LV mass (145 +/- 28 vs. 150 +/- 33 vs. 156 +/- 36 vs. 164 +/- 43 g, p < 0.001), indexed LV mass (38.2 +/- 7.7 vs. 39.3 +/- 8.7 vs. 40.5 +/- 9.4 vs. 44.0 +/- 11.0 g/m(2.7), p < 0.001), and prevalence of LVH (11.6 vs. 19.1 vs. 21.5 vs. 31.2%, p < 0.001). After controlling for clinical differences, increasing STdep remained strongly associated with increased prevalence of LVH (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of evidence of coronary disease, increasing STdep in the lateral precordial leads is associated with increasing LV mass and increased prevalence of anatomic LVH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. pokin@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Okin
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fabsitz
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male