title: Neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary tract: a reappraisal of their classification after 20 years.
abstract: This article is an overview of the classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms, their presentation, their pathologic appearance, and their clinical management. In addition, the original classification, based on histologic features, is reassessed in the light of newer areas in study, including neurosecretory products, neuroendocrine markers, ultrastructural studies, ploidy analysis, cell adhesion markers, apoptosis, oncogene mutation analysis, and genetic alterations. The histologic classification proposed in 1983 remains the single most valuable factor in establishing the diagnosis and, together with the TNM status, the prognosis of this group of interesting neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors