title: Basic composition and amino acid contents of mushrooms cultivated in Finland.
abstract: The basic composition (moisture, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fat, ash, nitrogen, and protein) and amino acid contents were determined in the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus/white, Agaricus bisporus/brown, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated for each species by dividing the sums of amino acid residues with total (Kjeldahl) nitrogen contents. The dry matter contents of mushrooms varied from 7.7% to 8.4%. The dry matter of mushrooms contained large amounts of carbohydrates, from 4.5 (A. bisporus/white) to 5.8 g/100 g fresh weight (L. edodes). L. edodes proved to be an especially good source of dietary fiber (3.3 g/100 g fresh weight); the other mushrooms contained 1.5-2.4 g/100 g fresh weight. Crude fat, ash, and protein (based on amino acid analysis) contents of the mushrooms varied 0.31-0.35, 0.49-0.78, and 1.8-2.09 g/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Mushrooms proved to be good sources of almost all essential amino acids when compared with common vegetables. The mean nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor analyzed in the present study was 4.7 +/- 0.21. When using this factor, a very good estimation of protein contents could be obtained for the main species of mushrooms cultivated in Finland.
authors.affiliation: MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. pirjo.mattila@mtt.fi
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo-Väänänen
authors.forename: Karoliina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Könkö
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aro
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jalava
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005387:Finland; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins