title: Induced osteogenesis by periosteal distraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this project was to evaluate a novel technique for inducing osteogenesis through periosteal distraction in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A periosteal distraction device was rigidly fixed to the lateral surface of the mandible in 10 adult rabbits. Periosteal distraction was started 7 days after placement of the periosteal distraction device. The periosteum was distracted 7 mm over 15 days. The unoperated, contralateral side of the mandible served as the control. The animals were killed at postoperative days 28, 35, 42, and 56. The specimens were then fixed, decalcified, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histologic examination and histomorphometric analysis were performed on all specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of 10 periosteal distraction devices remained rigidly fixed to the lateral surface of the mandible. On postoperative day 28, the histologic specimen from the experimental side showed periosteal proliferation and an increase in the number of osteoblasts. On postoperative days 35, 42, and 56, the experimental side showed an increase in the number of osteocytes per unit area, collagen fibers parallel to the vector of distraction, islands of osteoblasts surrounded by newly formed bone, and maturation of bone. An average of 2.86 +/- 0.56 mm of new bone height was formed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report on a novel technique for generating bone by periosteal distraction. Our histologic analysis showed proliferation of the periosteum, an increase in the number of osteoblasts and osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA. briansc@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Laski
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Nardi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Casap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011817:Rabbits