title: Intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal steroid treatment effects on insulin sensitivity in preterm neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with decreased sensitivity to the main fetal growth factor, insulin, and the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on insulin sensitivity in preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborn infants with a birth weight (BW) of< 1500 g were classified as appropriate for gestational age ([AGA], BW within +/- 1 SD, n = 10), or small for gestational age ([SGA], BW <-2 SD, n = 13); 5 AGA infants and 8 SGA infants received systemic steroids. An abbreviated modified minimal model test was performed, consisting of sequential blood samples for glucose and insulin assays, and intravenous infusions of 0.3 g/kg glucose and 0.02 U/kg regular human insulin. The insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) was calculated using a computer program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal insulin/glucose ratio (I/G) and S(I) did not differ between the AGA and SGA groups. Steroids did not influence the I/G nor the S(I) of AGA infants (10.2 +/- 6.7 vs 8.2 +/- 2.3), but decreased the S(I) in the SGA group (12.2 +/- 5.1 vs 5.3 +/- 2.7, P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin sensitivity of neonates can be measured by the modified minimal model. IUGR is not associated with impaired fetal glucose tolerance. Early neonatal steroid treatment decreases insulin sensitivity in SGA infants, which may contribute to their risk of having hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leipälä
authors.forename: Kari O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Raivio
authors.forename: Annikki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarnesto
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panteleon
authors.forename: Vineta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fellman
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011181:Postnatal Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013256:Steroids