title: [Bronchoscopy and rhythmic disorders. Premedication with atropine-sulfate, as a rule?].
abstract: Ikeda has introduced flexible bronchoscopy in the seventies of the last century. Since then the over one hundred year old procedure of direct airways inspection has widely spread and enhanced the diagnostic and therapeutic means. Thus the flexible bronchoscopy has become an important part of modern medicine. The close combination of atropine as premedication with bronchoscopy is justified with the terms "cardioprotection" and reduction of mucus secretion. As there is to this date no controlled study to prove this assumption, with the start of bronchoscopy we controlled every patient with a holter-ecg for 24-hours and estimated semiquantitatively the mucus secretion during procedure by a four point scale. Consecutively 55 patients could be randomised, 25 (7 females, 18 males) in the group with and 30 (7 females, 18 males) without atropine. In the records there were no detectable significant differences between the groups with atropine (A) and without atropine (P), as well as for registered bradycardias (A: 0 vs. P: 0, minimum of heart beats A: 63.8 vs. P: 74.1 min -1) as well as for alterations of heart rhythms, e. g. SVES (A: 7.3 % vs. P: 5.5 %), VES (A: 9.0 % vs. P: 9.0 %) or a combination of SVES with VES (A: 12.7 % vs. P: 10.9 %). The same results could be seen for each single of the first twenty minutes, additionally the first and the second recorded hour and the whole registered 24 hours. Moreover the times needed to complete the bronchoscopy showed no significant difference (mean of t A: 16.8 vs. P: 15.6 min, t-minimum 10 vs. 10 min, t-maximum A: 30 vs. P: 35 min). The same absence of differences was seen in estimated endobronchial mucus secretion (mean A: 1.88 vs. P: 2.0). According to these results of our studied group, there are no reasons, why a premedication with atropine in flexible bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia should be used. Even without the administration of atropine, flexible bronchoscopy could be performed as a safe and sophisticated method in direction of not inducing relevant arrhythmia, with low impact on patients.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Pneumologie und Allergologie/Immunologie, Germany.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Grahmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warzelhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehender
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasse
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D001285:Atropine