title: Dictyocaulus viviparus: re-emerging or never been away?
abstract: For over 40 years a highly effective vaccine against the bovine lungworm has been commercially available. The use of it successfully reduced the number of outbreaks in calves. However, the past decade has seen a dramatic increase in lungworm outbreaks in adult cows in the UK. This might indicate that Dictyocaulus viviparus is re-emerging as a significant parasite in the dairy cattle industry. Much is still unknown, and here the most important aspects requiring urgent attention are put into perspective.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.ploeger@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: Harm W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ploeger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004021:Dictyocaulus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004022:Dictyocaulus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary