title: Vitamin B-6 content of breast milk and neonatal behavioral functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if vitamin B-6 intakes of mothers influence the B-6 vitamer content of transition milk and if correlations exist between the vitamin B-6 content of the milk and the infants' neurobehavioral functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transition milk samples were collected from mothers 8 to 11 days after delivery for B-6 vitamer analysis. Neurobehavioral functioning of the neonates was determined at that time. A 24-hour recall was used in estimating vitamin B-6 intakes of the mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of low-income, lactating women (n = 25) who had normal pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  B-6 vitamers were measured in the mothers' transition milk samples. Neurobehavioral functioning was assessed using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to evaluate maternal depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess if statistically significant relationships existed between variables. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine if median group values were significantly different.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major B-6 vitamer in transition milk was pyridoxal. Mothers with vitamin B-6 intake greater than the median value had a significantly higher median pyridoxal level in their breast milk than did the mothers with intakes below the median value. All except one mother had a dietary vitamin B-6 intake that exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Infant scores on habituation (r = .94, P < .05) and autonomic stability (r = .34, P < .05) subscales of the NBAS were positively correlated with milk pyridoxal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin B-6 is important for normal behavioral functioning of infants. The mothers' vitamin B-6 intake affects vitamin B-6 levels of breast milk and the need for consuming recommended levels of vitamin B-6 should be emphasized to all pregnant and lactating mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Nutrition, Restaurant and Hotel Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA. mboylan@hs.ttu.edu
authors.forename: L Mallory
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ooylan
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Kathy B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Driskell
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation; D011939:Mental Recall; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D011730:Pyridoxal / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011730:Pyridoxal; D025101:Vitamin B 6