title: A comparative economic analysis of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan in ovarian cancer in the USA and the UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Economic information is necessary for rational decision-making in health care. Many European countries require financial impact statements prior to drug approval, and many health care organizations in the USA consider cost-effectiveness when making formulary decisions. We report the findings and discuss the policy implications of an economic evaluation based on an international, randomized controlled trial of salvage therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer, wherein topotecan and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) were found to have similar efficacy but differing toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct costs to the payer were estimated for 235 North American and 239 European trial participants who had relapsed or failed platinum-based therapy. Unit costs were obtained from national sources or previously reported economic analyses. Sensitivity analyses were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cost per person in the topotecan arm was 12,325 dollars (95% CI 9445 dollars to 15,415 dollars; P >0.05) higher in the USA-based analysis and 2909 dollars (95% CI 779 dollars to 3415 dollars; P <0.05) higher in the UK-based analysis than for PLD. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was cost saving over a wide range of assumptions. The main differences (per person) in toxicity management following PLD compared with topotecan in Europe were for blood transfusions (1190 dollars versus 181 dollars, respectively) and hospitalizations (1197 dollars versus 280 dollars, respectively). In North America, differences were mainly for granulocyte colony stimulating factors (1936 dollars versus 419 dollars micro g, respectively), erythropoietin (3493 dollars versus 308 dollars, respectively) and blood transfusions (1346 dollars versus 140 dollars, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policy makers who evaluate pharmacoeconomic studies should consider international differences in health care delivery. Cost assessments based on information obtained from one country may not be relevant for policy makers in a different country.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR 97227-1110, USA. david.h.smith@kpchr.org
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S R D
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003657:Decision Making; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006291:Health Policy; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019772:Topotecan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019772:Topotecan; D004317:Doxorubicin