title: Mechanism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulation by oncostatin M and interleukin-1 in human astrocytes.
abstract: Glial cells that produce and respond to various cytokines mediate inflammatory processes in the brain. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) regulate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in human astrocytes. Using the PAI-1 reporter constructs we show that the -58 to -51 proximal element mediates activation by both cytokines. This element is already bound by c-fos/c-jun heterodimers in unstimulated astrocytes, and treatment with cytokine strongly stimulates both expression of c-fos and binding of c-fos/c-jun heterodimers. In addition, IL-1 activates an inhibitory mechanism that down-regulates PAI-1 expression after longer exposure to this cytokine. Overexpression of dominant-negative signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), STAT3, STAT5 and inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (IkappaB) suppressed OSM/IL-1-induced expression of the PAI-1 reporter construct. We conclude that OSM and IL-1 regulate the PAI-1 gene expression via up-regulating c-fos levels and subsequent binding of c-fos/c-jun heterodimers to the proximal element of the PAI-1 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasza
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Rydel
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koj
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kordula
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D020218:Response Elements / Q000502:physiology; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D053683:Oncostatin M; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator