title: Faculty development seminars based on the one-minute preceptor improve feedback in the ambulatory setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While several models of medical student instruction in the ambulatory setting exist, few have been formally studied. We wished to assess the impact of a faculty development workshop based on the One-Minute Preceptor model on the amount and quality of feedback in the outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory teaching behaviors were studied during consecutive outpatient precepting sessions before and after 3 faculty development workshops. Student-teacher interactions were assessed using audiotapes of teaching encounters coded through qualitative techniques, and surveys of teacher, learner, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory internal medicine clinic in a tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine board-certified internist faculty preceptors and 44 third-year medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three 90-minute faculty development seminars based on the One-Minute Preceptor teaching model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four encounters with 18577 utterances were recorded, half before and half after the seminars. After the workshops, the proportion of utterances that contained feedback increased from 17% to 22% (P =.09) and was more likely to be specific (9% vs 15%; P =.02). After the workshops, teachers reported that the learning encounters were more successful (P =.03) and that they were better at letting the students reach their own Conclusions (P =.001), at evaluating the learners (P =.03), and at creating plans for post-encounter learning (P =.02). The workshops had no effect on the duration of the student-teacher encounter or on student or patient satisfaction with the encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief, interactive, faculty development workshops based on the One-Minute Preceptor model of clinical teaching resulted in modest improvements in the quality of feedback delivered in the ambulatory setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96859-5000, USA. smsalerno@mindspring.com
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Louis N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Pangaro
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Moores
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005178:Faculty; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching