title: Randomized, double-blind comparison of different inspired oxygen fractions during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal inspired oxygen fraction FI(O(2)) for fetal oxygenation during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized patients having elective Caesarean section to receive one of the following: FI(O(2)) 0.3, FI(N(2))(O) 0.7 and end-tidal sevoflurane 0.6% (Group 30, n=20); FI(O(2)) 0.5, FI(N(2))(O) 0.5 and end-tidal sevoflurane 1.0% (Group 50, n=20), or FI(O(2)) 1.0 and end-tidal sevoflurane 2.0% (Group 100, n=20) until delivery. Neonatal outcome was compared biochemically and clinically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At delivery, for umbilical venous blood, mean PO(2) was greater in Group 100 (7.6 (SD 3.7) kPa) compared with both Group 30 (4.0 (1.1) kPa, P<0.0001) and Group 50 (4.7 (0.9) kPa, P=0.002) and oxygen content was greater in Group 100 (17.2 (1.6) ml dl(-1)) compared with both Group 30 (12.8 (3.6) ml dl(-1), P=0.0001) and Group 50 (13.8 (2.6) ml dl(-1), P=0.0001). For umbilical arterial blood, PO(2) was greater in Group 100 (3.2 (0.4) kPa) compared with Group 30 (2.4 (0.7) kPa, P=0.003), and in Group 50 (2.9 (0.8) kPa) compared with Group 30 (2.4 (0.7) kPa, P=0.04); oxygen content was greater in Group 100 (10.8 (3.5) ml dl(-1)) than in Group 30 (7.0 (3.0) ml dl(-1), P<0.01). Apgar scores, neonatal neurologic and adaptive capacity scores, and maternal arterial plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine before induction and at delivery were similar among groups. No patient reported intraoperative awareness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of FI(O(2)) 1.0 during general anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section increased fetal oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ngan Kee
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: A S Y
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010100:Oxygen; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine