title: Effects of atracurium added to local anesthetics on akinesia in peribulbar block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) is widely used in cataract surgery, but the onset time of akinesia is not as rapid as with retrobulbar block. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether addition of low-dose atracurium to the local anesthetic mixture has any effects on akinesia in PBA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adults undergoing cataract surgery were randomly allocated to receive either 8 mL of a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture, plus 0.5 mL 0.9% NaCl (group I) or 8 mL of the same local anesthetic mixture plus 0.5 mL (5 mg) atracurium (group II). The level of akinesia was graded by a observer unaware of group assignment. The onset time and duration of akinesia were also recorded by an observer, again unaware of group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The onset time of complete akinesia in group II was significantly shorter than that in group I (P <.05). In group I, 86% of patients had an akinesia score of 0 (complete akinesia) in the first 10 minutes. The rate of complete akinesia was 93% in group II in the same period. This difference was not significant. The success rate of complete akinesia was 93% in group I and 100% in group II at the end of the measurement interval. None of the group II patients required supplementary block, while 2 patients in group I received additional injections for inadequate akinesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atracurium added at a dose of 5 mg to a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture for peribulbar block decreases the onset time of akinesia and provides better surgical conditions without obvious side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey. kucukzavuz65@hotmai.com
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Küçükyavuz
authors.forename: M Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D001279:Atracurium / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D008012:Lidocaine; D010100:Oxygen; D002045:Bupivacaine