title: Three TNFalpha single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is an essential regulator of immune responses and is implicated to relate to several types of disease susceptibilities. Population information on polymorphisms is essential for the study of genetic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain accurate information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFalpha gene in the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The entire TNFalpha gene was screened for SNPs by directly sequencing 48 chromosomes derived from 24 unrelated Japanese individuals. Allele frequencies of each polymorphism were determined and compared with those previously reported in other populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three SNPs, -308G/A at nt -308, IVS1 + 125G/A at nt 492 and IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359 were observed, of which one (IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359) was novel. In addition, allele frequencies of -308G/A were remarkably different from those presented in the NCBI dbSNP, indicating a significant ethnic difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphisms and allele frequencies obtained in this study will be useful for genetic studies of common diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, 1-396 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ezura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004247:DNA