title: Influence of gangliosides on the IL-2- and IL-4-dependent cell proliferation.
abstract: Ganglioside-induced apoptosis in the cells of IL-2-dependent cytotoxic murine cell line CTLL-2 was shown to be caspase dependent: GM1-, GM2-, and GD3-induced suppression of cell proliferation was cancelled by a general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Ganglioside-induced apoptosis pathways are different for different individual glycolipids; the differences exist both at the initiation and effector stages of the caspase cascade. Only for GM1-induced process, molecular mechanisms of signal transduction coincide with the ones for CD95 and TNFalpha: the participation of both the main initiation caspases 8, 1, and 4, and caspases 3 and 9 as well, has been shown. Caspase 3 participates in the pathway induced by GM3, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, but not by GM2. As morphological features show, tumor-associated ganglioside GM2 is also a stimulus of programmed cell death (PCD) for CTLL-2 cell line: addition of GM2 into cell culture has resulted in appearance of annexin V-positive cells and in accumulation of DNA breaks (shown by the TUNEL direct dyeing of the open ends). But a caspase 3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK did not restore the cell proliferation suppressed by GM2, and addition of a fluorescent substrate of caspase 3 Ac-DEVD-AFC did not result in the fluorescence development. So caspase 3 does not participate in downstream pathways of GM2-induced cell apoptosis, and a PCD-effector system other than the apoptosome-mediated one is involved here.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. imm@ibch.ru
authors.forename: Irina M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Molotkovskaya
authors.forename: Roman V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Kholodenko
authors.forename: Julian G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Molotkovsky
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000502:physiology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology*; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D005732:Gangliosides; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008081:Liposomes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D019014:fas Receptor; D015847:Interleukin-4; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505526:Casp8 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases