title: Proximal hypospadias.
abstract: Approximately 20% of hypospadiac urethras are located proximally, anywhere from the penoscrotal to the perineal region. Repair of proximal defects is still one of the most challenging surgical procedures facing the hypospadiologist. Modifications of current techniques for the correction of proximal hypospadias as well as new innovative techniques continue to be proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Bartley.Cilento@tch.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Bartley G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Cilento
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*