title: Cutting edge: suppression of T cell chemotaxis by sphingosine 1-phosphate.
abstract: Murine CD4 and CD8 T cells express predominantly types 1 and 4 sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) G protein-coupled receptors (designated S1P1 and S1P4 or previously endothelial differentiation gene-encoded 1 and 6) for S1P, which has a normal plasma concentration of 0.1-1 microM. S1P now is shown to enhance chemotaxis of CD4 T cells to CCL-21 and CCL-5 by up to 2.5-fold at 10 nM to 0.1 microM, whereas 0.3-3 microM S1P inhibits this chemotaxis by up to 70%. Chemotaxis of S1P(1), but not S1P(4), transfectants to CXCL1 and CXCL4 was similarly affected by S1P. Activation of CD4 T cells, which decreases S1P receptor expression, suppressed effects of S1P on chemotaxis. Pretreatment of labeled CD4 T cells with S1P before reintroduction into mice inhibited by a maximum of 75% their migration into chemokine-challenged s.c. air pouches. The S1P-S1P(1) receptor axis thus controls recruitment of naive T cells by maintaining their response threshold to diverse lymphotactic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California Medical Center, 533 Parnassus at 4th, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graeler
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Goetzl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D000081025:Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D049312:Receptors, Lysophospholipid; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; D000081025:Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors; C568792:S1pr4 protein, mouse; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D013110:Sphingosine