title: Use of intravenous amiodarone for postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in children.
abstract: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) amiodarone for the treatment of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) in children, we retrospectively reviewed 11 patients treated with IV amiodarone for JET between 1/92 and 2/00. Data included heart rate and hemodynamics pre- and post-amiodarone, drug dosage, duration of therapy, and effect. Success was defined as reversion to sinus rhythm or slowing to a hemodynamically stable rate. The mean heart rate prior to amiodarone was 203 bpm, and the mean systolic blood pressure was 64 mmHg. Mean IV amiodarone loading dose was 8.2 +/- 4.0 mg/kg, followed by an infusion in 7 patients at a dose of 12.9 +/- 3.9 mg/kg/day for a duration of 74.3 +/- 46.9 hours. At 1 hour post-load, mean heart rate was 147 bpm and mean systolic blood pressure was 88 mmHg for the group. Three patients were in sinus rhythm, 4 in intermittent sinus rhythm with accelerated junctional rhythm, and 4 patients solely accelerated junctional rhythm. Control of JET persisted in 9 patients. Of the two patients requiring additional treatment, both had received a 5 mg/kg load and neither was on an infusion. Five patients were paced at some point following amiodarone: four to improve hemodynamics and one for late sinus bradycardia. Side effects included hypotension with loading (1) and late sinus bradycardia (1). One patient was discharged on oral amiodarone. Intravenous amiodarone given in doses of 10 mg/kg in two 5 mg/kg increments, followed by an infusion of 10-15 mg/kg/day for 48-72 hours, appears to be safe and effective for postoperative JET in patients who fail conventional therapy or who are hemodynamically unstable. Long-term oral therapy is usually not necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kertesz
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fenrich
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013613:Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone