title: Truncated soluble Nogo receptor binds Nogo-66 and blocks inhibition of axon growth by myelin.
abstract: CNS myelin contains axon outgrowth inhibitors, such as Nogo, that restrict regenerative growth after injury. An understanding of the mechanism of Nogo signaling through its receptor (NgR) is critical to developing strategies for overcoming Nogo-mediated inhibition. Here we analyze the function of NgR domains in outgrowth inhibition. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase (AP)-Nogo binding in COS-7 cells reveals that the leucine-rich repeat domain is necessary and sufficient for Nogo binding and NgR multimerization. Viral infection of embryonic day 7 chick retinal ganglion cells with mutated NgR demonstrates that the NgR C-terminal domain is required for inhibitory signaling but not ligand binding. The NgR glycosylphosphatidylinositol domain is not essential for inhibitory signaling but may facilitate Nogo responses. From this analysis, we have developed a soluble, truncated version of the Nogo receptor that antagonizes outgrowth inhibition on both myelin and Nogo substrates. These data suggest that NgR mediates a significant fraction of myelin inhibition of axon outgrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Alyson E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Graham C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Betty P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strittmatter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D000070816:Nogo Receptor 1; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D000070816:Nogo Receptor 1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C000603199:RTN4 protein, human; C486580:RTN4R protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C000603201:Rtn4 protein, mouse; C419790:Rtn4r protein, mouse