title: ACTCAT, a novel cis-acting element for proline- and hypoosmolarity-responsive expression of the ProDH gene encoding proline dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Proline (Pro) is one of the most widely distributed osmolytes in water-stressed plants. We previously isolated from Arabidopsis a gene encoding Pro dehydrogenase (ProDH), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the first step of the conversion of Pro to glutamic acid. The ProDH gene in Arabidopsis is up-regulated by rehydration after dehydration but is down-regulated by dehydration. ProDH is also induced by L-Pro and hypoosmolarity. The induction of ProDH expression under rehydration seems to be caused by both accumulated Pro and hypoosmolarity. We analyzed a DNA region that is located 5' to the transcription start site (a promoter region) of ProDH to identify cis-acting elements involved in L-Pro-induced and hypoosmolarity-induced expression in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis plants. We found that a 9-bp sequence, ACTCATCCT, in the ProDH promoter is necessary for the efficient expression of ProDH in response to L-Pro and hypoosmolarity. Moreover, ACTCAT is a core cis-acting element, which we have called Pro- or hypoosmolarity-responsive element (PRE), that is necessary for L-Pro-responsive and hypoosmolarity-responsive expression of ProDH. Microarray and RNA gel-blot analyses showed that 21 L-Pro-inducible genes have the PRE sequences in their promoter regions. These results indicate that the PRE sequence play an important role in the L-Pro-responsive gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Biological Resources Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
mesh_terms: D024509:3' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D011394:Proline Oxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C511988:ATR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C511989:CPC protein, Arabidopsis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014867:Water; D011392:Proline; D008156:Luciferases; D011394:Proline Oxidase; D005966:Glucuronidase