Emerging functions of p21-activated kinases in human cancer cells.
The p21 activated kinases (Paks), an evolutionarily conserved family of serine/threonine kinases, are important for a variety of cellular functions including cell morphogenesis, motility, survival, mitosis, and angiogenesis. Paks are widely expressed in numerous tissues and are activated by growth factors and extracellular signals through GTPase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Overexpression of Paks in epithelial cancer cells has been shown to increase migration potential, increase anchorage independent growth, and cause abnormalities in mitosis. Dysregulation of Paks has been reported in several human tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. A growing list of novel Pak interacting proteins has opened up exciting avenues of investigation by which to understand the functions of Paks in tumorigenesis. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the Paks family with respect to emerging cellular functions and possible contributions to cancer.
Kumar
Rakesh
R
Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. rkumar@mdanderson.org
Vadlamudi
Ratna K
RK
D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D006133:Growth Substances; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)