title: Design and implementation of a brain-computer interface with high transfer rates.
abstract: This paper presents a brain-computer interface (BCI) that can help users to input phone numbers. The system is based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Twelve buttons illuminated at different rates were displayed on a computer monitor. The buttons constituted a virtual telephone keypad, representing the ten digits 0-9, BACKSPACE, and ENTER. Users could input phone number by gazing at these buttons. The frequency-coded SSVEP was used to judge which button the user desired. Eight of the thirteen subjects succeeded in ringing the mobile phone using the system. The average transfer rate over all subjects was 27.15 bits/min. The attractive features of the system are noninvasive signal recording, little training required for use, and high information transfer rate. Approaches to improve the performance of the system are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. chm99@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shangkai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dingfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003205:Computing Methodologies; D003626:Data Display; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014584:User-Computer Interface