title: Roles of the Homothorax/Meis/Prep homolog UNC-62 and the Exd/Pbx homologs CEH-20 and CEH-40 in C. elegans embryogenesis.
abstract: Co-factor homeodomain proteins such as Drosophila Homothorax (Hth) and Extradenticle (Exd) and their respective vertebrate homologs, the Meis/Prep and Pbx proteins, can increase the DNA-binding specificity of Hox protein transcription factors and appear to be required for many of their developmental functions. We show that the unc-62 gene encodes the C. elegans ortholog of Hth, and that maternal-effect unc-62 mutations can cause severe posterior disorganization during embryogenesis (Nob phenotype), superficially similar to that seen in embryos lacking function of either the two posterior-group Hox genes nob-1 and php-3 or the caudal homolog pal-1. Other zygotically acting unc-62 alleles cause earlier embryonic arrest or incompletely penetrant larval lethality with variable morphogenetic defects among the survivors, suggesting that unc-62 functions are required at several stages of development. The differential accumulation of four unc-62 transcripts is consistent with multiple functions. The C. elegans exd homologs ceh-20 and ceh-40 interact genetically with unc-62 and may have overlapping roles in embryogenesis: neither CEH-20 nor CEH-40 appears to be required when the other is present, but loss of both functions causes incompletely penetrant embryonic lethality in the presence of unc-62(+) and complete embryonic lethality in the presence of an unc-62 hypomorphic allele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Auken
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Tassa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saldi
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Elling
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Queta
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Boese
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D000075064:Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000075064:Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C109537:Unc-62 protein, C elegans; C418523:ceh-20 protein, C elegans; C083405:exd protein, Drosophila; C108704:hth protein, Drosophila