title: Circulating D-dimer and thrombomodulin levels in acute febrile phase of measles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circulating D-dimer and thrombomodulin (TM) levels are now routinely measured in clinical laboratories. Plasma levels of D-dimer are used as a marker of fibrin formation and degradation, and serum TM is used to assess the state of endothelial cell injuries. While the levels of circulating D-dimer and TM have been investigated in many diseases, to our knowledge they have not been studied in patients with measles. We measured circulating levels of D-dimer in patients with measles to discuss whether fibrin formation and degradation occur and TM whether endothelial injury occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma levels of D-dimer and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine were measured of 14 adolescent and adult Japanese patients with measles, and the serum or plasma levels of TM of 10 of these 14 patients were measured in the acute febrile phase and convalescent afebrile phase with commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the acute febrile phase than in the convalescent afebrile phase in patients with measles, and no significant difference was shown in serum and plasma TM levels between the two phases. Plasma D-dimer levels were not correlated with serum or plasma TM levels in either phase. No significant differences were identified in the serum ALT and creatinine levels between the acute febrile and convalescent afebrile phases, and the levels of plasma D-dimer were not significantly correlated with the serum ALT levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that while clot formation and fibrinolysis may tend to occur in patients with the acute febrile phase of measles, there may be little risk that such patients will suffer endothelial injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. snow-crystal@mri.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D003289:Convalescence; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005337:Fibrin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008457:Measles / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018103:Morbillivirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D005337:Fibrin; D003404:Creatinine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase