title: Effect of administration of a phospholipid emulsion on the initial response of horses administered endotoxin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a phospholipid emulsion (PLE) on the initial response of horses to administration of endotoxin.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were assigned to 2 treatment groups (6 horses/group). The control group was administered 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, and the treated group was administered PLE (200 mg/kg, IV); treatments were administered during a period of 120 minutes. An infusion of endotoxin was initiated in both groups starting 1 hour after initiation of the saline or PLE solutions. Physical examination and hemodynamic variables were recorded, and blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6 keto-prostaglandin F (PGF)1alpha, total leukocyte count, and PLE concentrations. An ANOVA was used to detect significant differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of PLE resulted in significantly lower rectal temperature, heart rate, cardiac output, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure and higher total leukocyte counts in treated horses, compared with values for control horses. The TNF-alpha concentration was significantly less in treated horses than in control horses. The TxB2 and 6 keto-PGFF1alpha concentrations were significantly different between treated and control horses at 30 minutes (TxB2) and at 30 and 60 minutes (6 keto-PGF1alpha).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior infusion of PLE in horses administered a low dose of endotoxin decreased rectal temperature, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, and TNF-alpha concentrations. Results of this study support further evaluation of PLE for use in the treatment of horses with endotoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Wyatt W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Winchell
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Saal
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000097:blood; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015777:Eicosanoids; D004655:Emulsions; D004731:Endotoxins; D010743:Phospholipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha