title: Bone morphogenetic proteins: relevance in spine surgery.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are low molecular weight glycoproteins that play a vital role in the development and maturation of skeletal tissue. Bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesenchymal cell recruitment and differentiation leads to the formation of chondroblasts and osteoblasts leading to the formation of de novo bone. Overwhelming pre-clinical and clinical evidence has suggested a promising role for BMPs for anterior and posterolateral spinal fusion. Strength of this approach lies in the potential ability of these growth factors to reverse inhibitory conditions common in the clinical setting and enabling predictable fusion. However, several issues related to carriers, costs, and dosages still need to be consecutively addressed. Gene therapy techniques producing in vivo osteoinductive factors and utilizing minimally invasive approaches are attractive options being developed for the future.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Safdar N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Harvinder S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cammisa
authors.forename: Federico P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D006041:Goats; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D011817:Rabbits; D012756:Sheep; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins