title: Induced sputum-retrieved matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 in granulomatous diseases.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) capable of degrading various components of connective tissue matrices, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are considered important in lung parenchymal remodeling and repair processes in pulmonary diseases. Induced sputum (IS) is a reliable noninvasive method to investigate pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment of lung disease. This study was designed to determine whether IS-MMP9/TIMP1 levels demonstrate lung parenchymal remodeling in sarcoidosis (SA) and Crohn's disease (CRD) patients. Sputum was induced and processed conventionally in 13 SA patients, 18 CRD patients and 9 controls. Two-hundred cells were counted on Giemsa-stained cytopreps, and T lymphocytes subsets (CD4 = T helper and CD8 = T suppressor cytotoxic cells) were analysed by FACS using monoclonal antibodies.MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured using commercial ELISA kits. MMP-9 concentrations, but not those of TIMP-1, were significantly greater in the sputum supernatant in SA and CRD patients compared to controls (P = 0.018 and P = 0.0019, respectively). The molar ratio, MMP-9/TIMP-1, was significantly higher in SA and CRD patients compared to controls (P = 0.008 and P = 0.024, respectively). Gelatinase species having a molecular weight similar to that of MMP-9 were demonstrated by zymographic analysis. MMP-9 levels were highly correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio and DLCO capacity in SA but less in CRD patients. MMP-9 levels in IS provide a sensitive marker for pulmonary damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, National Laboratory Service for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. fireman@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fireman
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kraiem
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sade
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greif
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fireman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D005780:Gelatin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9