title: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of nonprescription doses of naproxen and naproxen sodium with ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a pooled analysis of five studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysmenorrhea is the most common menstrual complaint in young women, with a prevalence as high as 90%. It is responsible for substantial repeated short-term absenteeism from school and work in young women. Effective treatments are available, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In many countries, a variety of NSAIDs have become available as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of OTC doses of naproxen (400 mg) and naproxen/naproxen sodium (200/220 mg) with acetaminophen (1000 mg), ibuprofen (200 mg), and placebo in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pooled analysis of 5 trials was performed. Efficacy was assessed by pain relief, relief of other dysmenorrheic symptoms, time to backup medication or remedication, and treatment preference. Tolerability was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 443 women were enrolled in the combined studies. Naproxen 400 mg provided greater pain relief than acetaminophen and placebo within 30 minutes of administration (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, naproxen 400 mg and 200 mg provided greater pain relief than both acetaminophen (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and ibuprofen (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) at 6 hours after administration. Both doses of naproxen had higher scores than placebo for symptom relief and drug preference (all P < 0.001). The AEs and their frequency were similar among the treatment groups. No serious AEs were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When administered at OTC doses, naproxen was effective in the relief of pain and other symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and had a good safety profile in the population studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. ian.milsom@obgyn.gu.se
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minic
authors.forename: M Yusoff
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spann
authors.forename: Nona F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Niland
authors.forename: R Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Squire
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009288:Naproxen; D007052:Ibuprofen