title: The association of sensitive systemic inflammation markers with bronchial asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airway inflammation is a characteristic feature of bronchial asthma. Previous studies have shown an increased local inflammatory activity in the airway mucosa of asthma patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association of asthma with three sensitive markers of systemic inflammation, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A (SAA), and plasma fibrinogen.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, population-based study including 1,513 Finnish men aged 45 to 74 years, who participated in a chronic disease risk factor survey in 1997. Of the participating men, 97 were classified as asthma patients. The odds ratios of asthma were analyzed by quartile of each inflammation marker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In logistic regression models the age-adjusted odds ratios (second, third, and fourth quartile as compared with the first quartile) of asthma increased gradually with increasing quartile of C-reactive protein (1.28, 1.19, 1.96, P for trend = 0.039), SAA (1.20, 3.00, 3.49, P for trend < 0.001), and fibrinogen (1.22, 1.79, 3.16, P for trend < 0.001). The associations were independent of smoking. Further adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio, a marker of central obesity, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis weakened the observed association, but the increasing trend in the association of SAA and fibrinogen with asthma remained highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sensitive markers of systemic inflammation, particularly SAA and fibrinogen, were positively and significantly associated with asthma prevalence. These findings support the hypothesis that not only local, but also systemic, inflammation exist in bronchial asthma.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Finland. pekka.jousilahti@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jousilahti
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hakala
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rasi
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palosuo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D015995:Prevalence; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein