title: Routine disinfection of the total dialysis fluid system.
abstract: The importance of bacteria and endotoxin free, sterile dialysis fluid for long term, high quality haemodialysis treatment is obvious and very much demanded (1,2). Dead spaces and connections between units (segments) of fluid production and delivery in elder systems are a continuous source for bacteria growth, biofilm generation and endotoxin release (3). After varying success with routine disinfection of system components showing partly fast recovery and growth of bacteria (i.e. < 48 hours) we changed to routine disinfection of the entire fluid production and distribution system. We call this'system disinfection'. We report the methods and results from observation of practice over 28 months of disinfection. The fluid system is composed of a soft water tank, reverse osmosis (double RO), RO fluid loop, central bicarbonate production and delivery system and dialysis stations with and without ultrafilter and citric-thermal disinfection before and after each haemodialysis. The system disinfection is carried out bimonthly with peracetic acid 3.5% in > 0.1% solution at a mean temperature of > 15 degrees C and at a minimum of 60 minutes of disinfection time. Samples for microbiological testing and endotoxin measurement were assessed 3-4 monthly at 7 measurement points. The tests were carried out 7 times on the 11th day (mean value [MV]) after routine system disinfection. The result was in 0.2 CFU/ml (MV) in 40 tests. The endotoxin levels (IU/L) were all < 0.25 except one at 0.325 in RO water. Endotoxin was assessed 5 times in 26 tests over 28 months. Samples were taken at 10.5 (MV) days after system disinfection. The Gel Clot or turbometric method was used. Efficient and preventive routine system disinfection of an entire dialysis fluid production and distribution system as standard in modern equipment - can support sufficient quality in dialysis fluid produced and distributed by elder and composed systems.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum Garmisch-Partenkirchen, II Internal Clinic, Murnau, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kittel
mesh_terms: D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000592:standards*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D004731:Endotoxins