title: Estrogen regulation of endothelial and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation: role of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Restenosis is a major limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention. Migration and proliferation of vascular cells remain a cornerstone in neointimal formation. The cardioprotection of estrogen is well recognized, but the intracellular mechanisms related to these beneficial effects are not completely understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the effects of 17beta-estradiol (17betaE) on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the migration and proliferation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) and porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMCs). Treatment with 17betaE (10(-8) mol/L) abrogated p38 and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB as well as the migration and proliferation of PSMCs. In contrast, treatment with 17betaE (10(-8) mol/L) induced the phosphorylation of p38 and p42/44 MAPK and the migration and proliferation of PAECs. Interestingly, the effects of 17betaE on PSMCs and PAECs were reversed by selective estrogen receptor antagonists (tamoxifen, 4-OH-tamoxifen, and raloxifen). These results suggest that in PSMCs, 17betaE inhibits chemotactic and mitogenic effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB as well as p38 and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, 17betaE promotes in PAECs the phosphorylation of p42/44 and p38 MAPK as well as the migration and proliferation of these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with 17betaE has a dual beneficial effect: the improvement of vascular healing and the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geraldes
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sirois
authors.forename: Pascal N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bernatchez
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tanguay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004958:Estradiol; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases