title: Performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test using frequency-doubling technology perimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the performance of glaucoma mass screening with only a visual field test utilizing frequency- doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in general populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital and population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study took place in a multicenter setting. One hundred three consecutive glaucomatous patients and 14,814 persons were randomly selected. We had created a glaucoma screening protocol (GSP) using FDT perimetry (FDT-GSP). Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol was tested on consecutive glaucoma patients diagnosed with Humphrey visual field analyzer (30-2 SITA standard), and then FDT-GSP was applied to general populations. Frequency-doubling technology-glaucoma screening protocol positive subjects were ophthalmologically diagnosed. Detection ability of FDT-GSP was determined in consecutive patients, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of FDT-GSP to detect definitive glaucoma was estimated in general populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency-doubling technique-glaucoma screening protocol detected 83.3% and 100% of definitive glaucoma patients with an early (mean deviation [MD] > -6 dB) and more advanced stage (MD < or = -6 dB), respectively. In the population-based screening, there were 660 (4.5%) subjects who had positive FDT-GSP, including 512 in whom no visual field abnormalities (VFA) had been pointed out previously. Of them, 370 subjects underwent ophthalmologic diagnosis. Then, 266 (71.9%, 266/370) subjects had a glaucomatous disk and 167 had definitive glaucomatous VFA. Fifty-five (14.9%) and 39 (10.5%) subjects were diagnosed as having other diseases and as normal, respectively. The PPV of FDT-GSP ranged from 32.6% (167/512)-45.1% (167/370).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency-doubling technology-based screening with only a visual field test showed reasonable performance on mass screening for detection of definitive glaucoma in this study population, considering the glaucoma prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial and Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatemichi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiro
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000379:methods*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields