title: Indications and limitations for the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of facial wrinkles.
abstract: Botulin toxin is a strong blocking agent which has shown great usefulness in a variety of neuromuscular disorders related to hypertonicity and spasticity. Since 1992 it has been used in the attenuation of facial wrinkles. In this article we describe the different applications in the upper third, middle third, and lower third of the face, as well as the platysmal bands of the neck. We emphasize the use of this procedure for the upper third of the face. Limits are indicated when it is used on the middle and lower parts of the face. The author has found excellent results in the attenuation of wrinkles of the neck region.
authors.forename: Manuel A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sarrabayrouse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009333:Neck; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A