title: Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean.
abstract: The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress precipitation. In the middle troposphere, Asian and to a lesser extent North American pollution is transported from the west. Additional Asian pollution from the east, transported from the monsoon in the upper troposphere, crosses the Mediterranean tropopause, which pollutes the lower stratosphere at middle latitudes.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany. lelieveld@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lelieveld
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berresheim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borrmann
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Crutzen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Dentener
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feichter
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Flatau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heland
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holzinger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korrmann
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Markowicz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mihalopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minikin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Reus
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Scheeren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sciare
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schlager
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steil
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Stephanou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Traub
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warneke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziereis
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution; D001208:Asia; D001272:Atmosphere; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002980:Climate; D005060:Europe; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D009656:North America; D010126:Ozone; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide