Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by scaffold proteins.
The actions of many hormones and neurotransmitters are mediated through stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors. A primary mechanism by which these receptors exert effects inside the cell is by association with heterotrimeric G proteins, which can activate a wide variety of cellular enzymes and ion channels. G protein-coupled receptors can also interact with a number of cytoplasmic scaffold proteins, which can link the receptors to various signaling intermediates and intracellular effectors. The multicomponent nature of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways makes them ideally suited for regulation by scaffold proteins. This review focuses on several specific examples of G protein-coupled receptor-associated scaffolds and the roles they may play in organizing receptor-initiated signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system and other tissues.
Hall
Randy A
RA
Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
Lefkowitz
Robert J
RJ
D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000819:agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
D019390:Arrestins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011506:Proteins; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins