title: Immunohistochemical study of pro-apoptotic factors Bax, Fas and CPP32 in urinary bladder cancer: prognostic implications.
abstract: Apoptosis is a process which can retard the progress of malignant tumours. In the present study we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of three pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Fas receptor and caspase 3 - CPP32) as well as the apoptotic index (TUNEL Index) in 53 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder. We examined all possible relationships between these factors and clinicopathological variables, as well as the patients' disease free survival. All three markers, and in particular the Fas receptor, were detectable in a remarkable proportion of specimens, however, none of the markers examined was associated with any clinicopathological parameter. In multivariate statistical analysis, Bax emerged as an independent predictor of a favourable prognosis. It is noteworthy that none of the pro-apoptotic markers examined was directly linked with the apoptotic rate of the malignant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The National and Capodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giannopoulou
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nakopoulou
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.forename: Andreas C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lazaris
authors.forename: Constandinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stravodimos
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
authors.forename: Panagiotis S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Davaris
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases