title: The effect of blockade of the CD11/CD18 integrin receptor on infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with direct angioplasty: the results of the HALT-MI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether Hu23F2G (LeukoArrest), an antibody to the CD11/CD18 integrin receptors, would reduce infarct size in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for an acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction has been shown experimentally to be related to neutrophil accumulation. Inhibitors of the CD11/CD18 or CD18 integrin receptors have been shown to reduce infarct size in experimental models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients within 6 h of onset of chest pain with ST-segment elevation were randomized to receive either 0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg of Hu23F2G or placebo just before angioplasty of occluded arteries (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TIMI flow grade 0 or 1). The primary end point was infarct size as measured by sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan five to nine days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-hundred and twenty patients were enrolled and received a placebo or the study drug. The groups did not differ in baseline or angiographic characteristics or angioplasty results. Infarct size was 16%, 17.2% and 16.6%, for placebo, 0.3 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively, of the left ventricle (p = NS). No differences were evident in those patients with anterior myocardial infarction or those presenting within 2 h of onset of chest pain. Corrected TIMI frame count was also not different between groups. Clinical events at 30 days were very low, with a mortality of 0.8%, 1.4% and 3.3%, respectively. The drug was well tolerated, with a slight increase in minor infections in the high dose group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial demonstrated that an antibody to CD11/CD18 leukocyte integrin receptor did not reduce infarct size in patients who underwent primary angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles County Medical Center and the University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 60637, USA. dfaxon@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Faxon
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Nicolas A F
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chronos
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gurbel
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheehan
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018845:CD11 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018845:CD11 Antigens; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016023:Integrins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; C115464:rovelizumab