title: Renal in situ hybridization studies of extracellular matrix related molecules in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progressive expansion of mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane thickening represent alterations in the balance between synthesis and degradation of glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and are hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy. In order to elucidate the basis for this imbalance between the synthesis and the degradation of ECM in renal tissues from patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1D) with diabetic nephropathy (DN), we examined the expression of alpha1 chain of type IV collagen (IV-C), matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3 (MMP-2, MMP-3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and beta-actin mRNA using a high-resolution in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into two groups based on both of degree of mesangial expansion using electron microscopic point counting morphometric methods and duration of type 1D: 7 'fast-track' patients were selected for their very rapid development of DN structural changes and 8 'slow-track' patients for their very slow development of DN structural changes. Seven normal human kidney (NHK) tissues were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive cells for each mRNA were observed in glomerular resident cells, including glomerular mesangial, epithelial and endothelial cells and cells of Bowman's capsule. The percentage of glomerular cells positive for IV-C, MMP-2 and MMP-3 mRNA was significantly greater in the 'slow-track' vs. 'fast-track' patients. No significant differences in percentage positive cells was seen for beta-actin mRNA. Furthermore, to elucidate the total number of positive cells per glomerulus for each mRNA, we estimated total cell number of glomerulus using morphometric techniques on light microscopy tissues. The total cell number per glomerulus was significantly greater in 'fast-track' than that in 'slow-track' patients and NHK. The total number of positive cells per glomerulus for MMP-2 in NHK was significantly greater than that in 'slow-track' and 'fast-track' patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, IV-C, MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 mRNA are expressed in resident glomerular cells in renal tissues from NHK and type 1D. Glomerular alterations in these in situ mRNA expressions sufficient to explain ECM accumulation and DN risk were not uncovered. These largely negative results could be due to methodologic quantitative imprecision or could indicate that post-translational differences account for ECM imbalance in DN. However, these studies make it clear that unraveling the nature of the ECM production/removal imbalance in DN will require careful consideration of alterations in glomerular cell number.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagame
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D024141:Collagen Type IV; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2