title: Persistent impairment of gait performances and working memory after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the adult Wistar rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical and pathophysiological effects of a chronic reduction of cerebral blood flow in humans are not completely known. We investigated whether rats subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (bCCA-o) developed focal neurological deficits, gait dysfunction, and working memory alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male Wistar rats were subjected to bCCA-o, 13 were sham-operated. We assessed sensorimotor functions, gait on a 60 cm-long elevated bridge, and working memory (object recognition and Y maze tests) before and 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery. Histological analysis was performed in a subgroup of 10 rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No rat showed sensorimotor alterations after surgery. Although gait performances of both bCCA-o and sham-operated rats declined over time, the differences reached statistical significance only for the bCCA-o group (mean+/-SE: 26.8+/-5.0; 22.4+/-4.9; 24.5+/-5.5 cm at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively) in comparison with baseline (52.9+/-5.2 cm; P<0.05). At 60 and 90 days, bCCA-o rats in comparison with sham-operated rats showed decreased performances on object recognition (discrimination index: 0.15+/-0.03 vs. 0.29+/-0.05 at 60 days and 0.10+/-0.04 vs. 0.41+/-0.07 at 90 days; P<0.05) and on Y maze test (alternating rats: 9.9 vs. 85.7% at 60 days and 16.6 vs. 100% at 90 days; P<0.01). In none of the animals were cerebral infarcts detected. Selective neuronal necrosis was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of both bCCA-o and sham-operated rats without any obvious difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bCCA-o in the Wistar rat induces persistent and progressive gait and working memory impairment without producing sensorimotor deficit or cerebral infarcts. This model may help to elucidate some physiopathological aspects of neurological impairment associated with states of cerebral chronic ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarti
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantoni
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bartolini
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzitari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors