Insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis: thiazolidinediones as therapeutic interventions.
The insulin resistance syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities involving dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercoagulability, carries an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Although interventions targeting elements of this syndrome have dramatically reduced cardiovascular risk, the impact of glucose-lowering has been more disappointing. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a new class of insulin-sensitizing agents that activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g. TZDs may improve not only glucose levels but also other metabolic parameters associated with insulin resistance. The TZD data are reviewed, with a focus on their potential cardiovascular effects.
Raji
Annaswamy
A
Cardiovascular Division/Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, LMRC 307, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Plutzky
Jorge
J
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D000077288:Troglitazone
D002839:Chromans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008074:Lipoproteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione; D000077288:Troglitazone