title: Myocardial revascularization surgery with regional anesthesia without an endotracheal tube in conscious patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report initial experience with myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) performed on patients who were totally awake and without an endotracheal tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1994 and May 2001, 272 patients underwent MRS without extracorporeal circulation. In 24, the operations were performed without the use of an endotracheal tube and with the patients totally awake and breathing normally. The age ranged from 51-75 years with the predominant male sex. Epidural thoracic administrations of the anesthesia was performed. Surgery was performed through a habitual anterolateral thoracotomy. During the entire procedure, the left lung remained partially collapsed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24 patients progressed well through the surgery. Pneumothorax time ranged from 70-190 minutes. No electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, or enzymatic alterations occurred that characterized pre- and postoperative infarcts. Twenty-three patients were stable enough to be released after 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique could be performed on an large number of selected patients. However, more experience is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Hospital São José do Avaí, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil. glsouto@cardiol.br
authors.forename: Gladyston Luiz Lima
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.forename: Celme da Silva
authors.initials: Cda S
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.forename: Ary Getúlio de
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Paula Filho
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Márcio Roberto Moraes de
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos Botelho da
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D011031:Pneumothorax, Artificial; D013908:Thoracotomy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome