title: Utility of zanamivir for chemoprophylaxis of concomitant influenza A and B in a complex continuing care population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe compliance with and the safety and prophylactic efficacy of zanamivir among patients at risk of developing influenza-related complications after exposure to both influenza A and B viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized trial using both historical and contemporaneous controls from ward populations within the same facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 547-bed urban hospital providing complex continuing care and rehabiltation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients on a single ward concomitantly exposed to both influenza A and B during an influenza outbreak.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were screened for symptoms of influenza and nasopharyngeal swabs were sent for viral culture prior to treatment (two oral inhalations [2 x 5 mg] twice daily for 5 days) or prophylaxis (two oral inhalations [2 x 5 mg] once daily for 14 days) with zanamivir. Patient symptoms, compliance, and drug tolerance were monitored daily. Demographic data, comorbidities, vaccination status, and functional status (Katz score) were collected for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 70.6 years (standard deviation, +/- 16.4 years). Ninety-four percent had two or more comorbidities, 71% were dependent in two or more activities of daily living, 63% had been vaccinated for influenza, and 82% had received amantadine. Zanamivir was well tolerated, with 93% of the patients completing their course. The efficacy for preventing symptomatic infection was 82% and 91% (95% confidence interval, 62% to 98%) based on historical and contemporaneous controls, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that zanamivir can be used safely and effectively as a prophylactic agent in the management of influenza outbreaks in a complex continuing care population with multiple comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: The Riverdale Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hirji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takata-Shewchuk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardam
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazzulli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D011292:Premedication; D011714:Pyrans; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012449:Safety; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053243:Zanamivir
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D011714:Pyrans; D012794:Sialic Acids; D053243:Zanamivir