title: Onset of electrical stimulation leg cycling in individuals with paraplegia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses during the transition from rest to electrical stimulation-induced leg cycling exercise (ES-LCE) in individuals with chronic paraplegia (PARA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten PARA (T(4)-T(9); ASIA A) participated in this study. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (Q) were measured on a beat-to-beat basis at rest and during the first 60 s of ES-LCE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PARA exhibited two discrete MAP responses during ES-LCE. Those with high thoracic lesions (HIGH: T(4) -T(6), = 5) responded to ES-LCE with a significant rise in MAP (maxdelta 8.3 +/- 3.6 mm Hg), whereas MAP did not exhibit any sustained change from resting values during ES-LCE in those subjects with lower lesions (LOW: T -T, = 5). In HIGH PARA, the immediate increase in MAP corresponded to a decrease in HR (maxdelta 6.8 +/- 3.1 b x min(-1)), which returned toward resting levels by the end of 60 s. In contrast, for LOW PARA there was no change in HR from resting levels during transition to ES-LCE. In both subgroups, SV and Q were not significantly increased during ES-LCE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the on-transient responses of MAP during ES-LCE in HIGH PARA elicited reflex changes in HR via the arterial baroreflex, whereas in LOW PARA, an unchanged HR from rest was likely due to a constant MAP during ES-LCE.
authors.affiliation: The School of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. J.Raymond@cchs.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schoneveld
authors.forename: Cathelijne H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Van Kemenade
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors