title: Exploring predictors of eating behaviour among adolescents by gender and socio-economic status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Guided by theory, this study explored cross-sectional differences in factors influencing adolescent eating behaviour including gender and socio-economic status (SES), and subsequently tested the longitudinal predictive power of the models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected by questionnaires in a longitudinal study of adolescents (age 13 years at baseline) and their parents from Hordaland County, Norway. Association of personal and environmental variables (family, friends, school/society) with the consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) and selected sources of fat and of sugar were assessed at age 15 The final cross-sectional models were subsequently employed in groups stratified by gender/SES and to predict consumption at age 21
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model explained more of the variation in the sugar score (21%) and the FV score (13.5%) than in the fat score (5%). SES was associated with both the sugar and FV scores. The strongest associations with the sugar score and FV were for antisocial behaviour and evaluation of own diet, respectively. The former association was significant in all gender/SES groups, whereas the latter association was only significant in the low SES groups. For all three types of food, the strongest significant predictors in the longitudinal models were frequency of consumption at age 15.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model's ability to explain variation in eating behaviours differed by food type, and possibly by gender/SES, but previous eating behaviour was an important predictor for all three foods. Prospective studies should carefully operationalize theoretical constructs when further investigating the influences of and interrelationships between these factors and gender/SES on the development of eating behaviours.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, Norway. nanna.lien@basalmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Nanna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Knut-Inge
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Klepp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009664:Norway; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose