title: Initiation and re-initiation of DNA unwinding by the Escherichia coli Rep helicase.
abstract: Helicases are motor proteins that couple conformational changes induced by ATP binding and hydrolysis with unwinding of duplex nucleic acid, and are involved in several human diseases. Some function as hexameric rings, but the functional form of non-hexameric helicases has been debated. Here we use a combination of a surface immobilization scheme and single-molecule fluorescence assays--which do not interfere with biological activity--to probe DNA unwinding by the Escherichia coli Rep helicase. Our studies indicate that a Rep monomer uses ATP hydrolysis to move toward the junction between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA but then displays conformational fluctuations that do not lead to DNA unwinding. DNA unwinding initiates only if a functional helicase is formed via additional protein binding. Partial dissociation of the functional complex during unwinding results in interruptions ('stalls') that lead either to duplex rewinding upon complete dissociation of the complex, or to re-initiation of unwinding upon re-formation of the functional helicase. These results suggest that the low unwinding processivity observed in vitro for Rep is due to the relative instability of the functional complex. We expect that these techniques will be useful for dynamic studies of other helicases and protein-DNA interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. tjha@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Taekjip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rasnik
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hazen P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Babcock
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gauss
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lohman
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006868:Hydrolysis; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C506744:rep protein, E coli; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D004265:DNA Helicases