Experimental genetic approaches to addiction.
Drugs of abuse are able to elicit compulsive drug-seeking behaviors upon repeated administration, which ultimately leads to the phenomenon of addiction. Evidence indicates that the susceptibility to develop addiction is influenced by sources of reinforcement, variable neuroadaptive mechanisms, and neurochemical changes that together lead to altered homeostasis of the brain reward system. Addiction is hypothesized to be a cycle of progressive dysregulation of the brain reward system that results in the compulsive use and loss of control over drug taking and the initiation of behaviors associated with drug seeking. The view that addiction represents a pathological state of reward provides an approach to identifying the factors that contribute to vulnerability, addiction, and relapse in genetic animal models.
Laakso
Aki
A
Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratories, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Mohn
Amy R
AR
Gainetdinov
Raul R
RR
Caron
Marc G
MG
D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000235:genetics; D012107:Research Design / Q000639:trends
D013287:Illicit Drugs; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter