title: Management of traumatic urethral disruption in children: Oman experience, 1988-2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traumatic urethral disruptions in children differ anatomically from those of adults. In children, the posterior urethra is not protected by the prostate and may be injured at any level. The management of traumatic rupture of the urethra still a matter of debate, and there is no agreement as to which is the best of 3 options.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis. Over a 12-year period the authors dealt with 21 urethral disruptions. The authors had detailed follow-up of 20 patients (14 posterior and 6 anterior). Trans-symphyseal urethroplasty (6 early primary repairs and 3 delayed repairs) for complete posterior urethral disruptions was performed. The early repairs were carried out within 7 days of the injury. Primary alignment was performed for 3 of the 4 partial ruptures of the posterior urethra and for all 6 anterior urethral disruptions. Postoperatively, the patients were evaluated for incontinence, penile erectile dysfunction, and stricture formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In one of the early repairs a stricture developed that responded to dilatations. A second patient with bladder neck injury had incontinence after the repair. She underwent a urethral lengthening procedure and still has stress incontinence. Erections were observed in all 4 boys. One of the delayed repairs developed a stricture postoperatively. Of the 9 partial ruptures (6 anterior and 3 posterior) that underwent primary alignment, 4 had strictures. Some of these strictures required up to 5 dilatations or internal urethrotomy for cure. One patient with complete rupture underwent primary alignment, which broke down, and a long stricture developed. This patient is still awaiting a delayed repair. One posterior partial rupture, repaired primarily at another hospital, had a stricture and an urethrocutaneous fistula that responded to curettage and dilatations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary repairs required less hospitalization and a shorter duration of indwelling catheters. In light of this experience the authors recommend a primary repair in patients with complete posterior urethral disruptions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Manasvi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.forename: Neill V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004106:Dilatation; D006801:Humans; D009850:Oman; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*