title: First trimester maternal serum free human chorionic gonadotropin as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether abnormal levels of first trimester maternal serum free human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) are predictive of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 1,622 consecutive patients with singleton pregnancies who underwent first trimester Down syndrome screening using nuchal translucency, and maternal serum free beta-hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Patients with fetal anomalies or chromosome aberrations were excluded from the study. The incidences of various adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated according to maternal serum free beta-hCG levels. Outcome variables included spontaneous miscarriage, proteinuric and non-proteinuric pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, spontaneous preterm delivery, oligohydramnios and placental abruption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were noted between groups for any of the demographic variables. The only statistically significant result was an increase in the relative risk for spontaneous miscarriage (RR = 6.33) at free beta-hCG <0.2 multiples of the medians. No other statistically significant result was noted for the other adverse outcomes or for the overall complication rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low free beta-hCG is associated with a higher incidence of spontaneous miscarriage but is a poor predictor of other pregnancy complications.
authors.affiliation: Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Genetic Institute, Lis Maternity Hospital, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. yyaron@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Yuval
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaron
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ochshorn
authors.forename: Sigal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heifetz
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lehavi
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sapir
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orr-Urtreger
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin