title: Impact of magnetic resonance urography on preoperative diagnostic workup in children affected by hydronephrosis: should IVU be replaced?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the role of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in preoperative diagnostic workup of children with hydronephrosis in a prospective clinical study with comparison of MRU, standard diagnostic investigations, and intraoperative findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one children with hydronephrosis secondary to different causes underwent ultrasound scan (US), intravenous urography (IVU), micturation cysto-urethrography (MCU), isotope nephrography (ING) and MRU. For MRU the authors performed sagittal and coronal halve-Fourier SSFSE scans in a 1.5 Tesla MR system. T1- and T2-weighted sequences were used in axial orientation to improve morphologic information. In 24 patients, preoperative data were compared with intraoperative findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the different imaging modalities proved MRU to be able to provide more detailed information about the correct localization of stenoses along the urinary tract and the morphology of renal parenchyma. MRU showed the highest concordance of all imaging modalities with intraoperative findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a reliable investigation, MRU has the potentials to replace IVU in preoperative diagnostic workup of hydronephrosis in childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadalin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schirg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kardorff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galanski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery