Effect of low- and high-dose levothyroxine on thyroid nodule volume: a crossover placebo-controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
The efficacy and the effective dose of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules are controversial. In this study, we aimed to determine the response of solitary thyroid nodules to low- or high-level TSH suppression in a placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial.


METHODS
Forty-nine patients with solitary thyroid nodules on palpation were randomized to high-level and low-level TSH suppression groups. In each group, patients were further randomized to placebo and active levothyroxine subgroups. Patients in each subgroup were crossed over to placebo or active levothyroxine at the end of the first year and were then followed up for an additional year.


METHODS
TSH levels were suppressed to 0.4-0.6 mIU/ml and < or = 0.01 mIU/ml in the low-level and high-level TSH suppression groups, respectively. Nodule volumes were measured at baseline and every 6 months after the desired level of TSH was reached if the patients were in the active levothyroxine treatment group or every 6 months if they were in the placebo group.


RESULTS
In high-level TSH suppression groups, nodule volume decreased significantly at the end of the active treatment periods (4.99 +/- 2.02 ml vs. 3.20 +/- 1.50 ml, P < 0.01, in Group 1; and 3.72 +/- 1.79 ml to 2.05 +/- 0.64 ml, P < 0.001, in Group 2). In the low-level TSH suppression groups, nodule volume also decreased significantly at the end of the active treatment periods (4.43 +/- 1.76 ml vs. 3.04 +/- 1.32, P < 0.05, in Group 3; and 3.59 +/- 0.89 ml to 2.22 +/- 0.59 ml, P < 0.01, in Group 4). Nodule volumes regained their original volumes during the placebo treatment periods. The percentage decline in clinically relevant nodule volume reduction (> or = 50%) was similar in the low-level and high-level TSH suppression groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Low- and high-level TSH suppression were equally effective in reducing nodule volume and thus, considering the complications of high-level TSH suppression, low-level TSH suppression should be used if one considers levothyroxine suppressive therapy to reduce thyroid nodule size.
Koc
Mehmet
M
Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ersoz
H Onder
HO
Akpinar
Ihsan
I
Gogas-Yavuz
Dilek
D
Deyneli
Oguzhan
O
Akalin
Sema
S
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012985:Software Design; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000032:analysis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D013974:Thyroxine