title: Endotoxin and its binding proteins in chronic liver disease: the effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gut-derived endotoxin is insufficiently cleared by the diseased liver, and thus, is elevated in plasma of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Endotoxin action might be modified by binding to soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), both of which have not yet been sufficiently studied in CLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endotoxin, sCD14 and LBP have been determined in peripheral blood of 72 patients and 39 control subjects, and in portal and hepatic venous blood of 12 patients during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral endotoxin (average 3-fold increased compared to controls), LBP, and sCD14 plasma levels were elevated in chronic liver disease irrespective of Child stage m, preserve/absence of cirrhosis or aetiology. LBP, and sCD14. Furthermore, endotoxin levels in the portal vein (38.1 +/- 6.1 pg/ml) were only slightly elevated compared to the hepatic vein (29.2 +/- 4.4 pg/ml), and peripheral endotoxin levels did not increase after TIPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased hepatocellular function rather than hepatic blood shunting might be responsible for endotoxemia. The elevation in LBP and sCD14 levels may be a consequence of endotoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.forename: Othmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ludwiczek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waldenberger
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaschke
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tilg
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein