title: [Pneumococcal meningitis in Spanish children: incidence, serotypes and antibiotic resistance. Prospective and multicentre study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence, as well as the implicated serotypes and patterns of antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in Spanish children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective, multicenter study in five Autonomous Communities (Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid, Navarre and the Basque Country) for 1 year (1 February 2000 31 January 2001). All children aged 0-14 years with pneumococcal meningitis from all the hospitals in the Autonomous Communities studied were included. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings and isolation of S. pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid/blood using routine methods or polymerase chain reaction. Serotyping was performed using the guellung reaction and/or immunoblotting and susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated by the technique of agar dilution. The pediatric population aged 0-14 years in the Autonomous Communities studied comprises 2,290,304 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two cases were identified. One patient was aged less than 2 months old, 25 (48 %) were aged 2-12 months, and 12 patients (23 %) were aged 12-24 months. The annual incidence per 100,000 children aged between 1 and 2 years was 17.75 cases (95 % CI: 11.59 26.01) and 8.39 cases (95 % CI: 4.67 15.79) respectively, and that for children in the first 2 and 5 years of life was 13.13 (95 % CI: 9.29 18.02) and 6.29 (95 % CI: 4.57 8.,45) cases respectively. Nearly half the strains isolated (47.6 %) showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin. The most frequent serotype was 19F (12 cases [28.6 %]). Eighty percent of the isolated serotypes were included in the formula of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children from five Spanish Autonomous Communities is high, nearly twice that found in a prior retrospective studied performed in the same population 1-3 years previously. Almost all the isolated serotypes were included in the heptavalent conjugate vaccine. Half the strains showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Infantil del Niño Jesús, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain. jcasadof@line-pro.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casado Flores
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenoll
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aristegui Fernández
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodrigo De Liria
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martinón Sánchez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berrón
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández Pérez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects