title: Overload proteinuria is followed by salt-sensitive hypertension caused by renal infiltration of immune cells.
abstract: Recent evidence suggests that salt-sensitive hypertension develops as a consequence of renal infiltration with immunocompetent cells. We investigated whether proteinuria, which is known to induce interstitial nephritis, causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Female Lewis rats received 2 g of BSA intraperitoneally daily for 2 wk. After protein overload (PO), 6 wk of a high-salt diet induced hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 156 +/- 11.8 mmHg], whereas rats that remained on a normal-salt diet and control rats (without PO) on a high-salt diet were normotensive. Administration of mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) during PO resulted in prevention of proteinuria-related interstitial nephritis, reduction of renal angiotensin II-positive cells and oxidative stress (superoxide-positive cells and renal malondialdehyde content), and resistance to the hypertensive effect of the high-salt diet (SBP = 129 +/- 12.2 mmHg). The present studies support the participation of renal inflammatory infiltrate in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension and provide a direct link between two risk factors of progressive renal damage: proteinuria and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Renal Service and Laboratory and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Fundacite-Zulia, Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001-A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Yasmir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Quiroz
authors.forename: Mayerly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iturbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000276:immunology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid