title: Melting and incineration plants of municipal waste. Chemical and biochemical diagnosis of thermal processing samples (emission, residues).
abstract: Control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in emissions and thermal residues from incinerators has been a cause of public concern for more than one decade. Recently, several studies showed that other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs) also have dioxin-like activity and are released from incinerators. Therefore, the present study was aimed at making a risk assessment about dioxin-like activity in extracts of thermal waste residues (e.g. combustion gas; fly ash, slag) from incineration and melting processes in Germany and Japan. For this purpose, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by chemical analysis. Additionally, 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD equivalents (EROD-TEQs) were determined by in vitro Micro-EROD bioassay using rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. EROD-TEQs could be correlated to I-TEQ values (from PCDD/Fs/co-PCBs) analyzed by chemical analysis resulting in a maximal sixfold higher estimate. Our study indicates minor influences of co-PCBs, PAHs and PCNs to the sum of dioxin-like toxicity in the extracts of thermal waste residues as determined here. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of dioxins and co-PCBs contained in slag from melting processes and bottom ashes from incineration processes were lower by 1-2 orders of magnitude than that in fly ash.
authors.affiliation: Life Science Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Japan. behnisch@takaken.kaneka.co.jp
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Behnisch
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoe
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiryu
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001681:Biological Assay; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D017745:Incineration; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1