title: Gender issues among South African anaesthetists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study gender issues among South African anaesthetists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey of all registered anaesthetists in South Africa in December 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 385 respondents out of a potential 960, giving a response rate of 40%; 77 respondents (20%) were female and 308 (80%) were male. The largest group of males was over 50 years old whereas most females were under 50 years. Most respondents chose anaesthesia because of academic appeal or career opportunities. More females reported experiencing sexual harassment and felt discriminated against in terms of job selection during the training period and with regard to referral practices. Most respondents felt that their colleagues did not treat them differently on account of gender but more females felt that both patients and female nurses treated them less favourably than their male colleagues. More males felt supported in their career by their life partners. More females felt that having children adversely affected academic and promotional aspects of their careers. Despite this, females were more likely to have experienced positive benefits from combining parenting with a career and were also more likely to have worked part time, mainly because of domestic commitments. Most respondents were satisfied with their careers, and would choose both medicine and anaesthesia again.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that female anaesthetists are generally satisfied with their career choice. However, they are exposed to significant gender-related stresses in the workplace, which are exacerbated by time conflicts for those with children. Allowing part-time employment options and creating a less discriminating environment would enable female doctors to achieve their potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: M F M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000776:Anesthesiology; D002321:Career Choice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting; D010822:Physicians, Women; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology