title: Feasibility of ultrasound examination in posterior ligament complex injury of thoracolumbar spine fracture.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective study of 12 patients with thoracolumbar spinal fractures was conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of ultrasound examination for posterior ligament complex injury in thoracolumbar spinal fractures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In posterior ligament complex injury of thoracolumbar spine fracture, the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis has been reported. Nevertheless the usefulness of ultrasound for diagnosis has not been studied, whereas diagnostic ultrasound has been applied in the musculoskeletal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two healthy volunteers without a history of spinal trauma were recruited for pilot examination of the ultrasound procedure to access normal findings of the posterior ligament complex. This study investigated 12 thoracolumbar spine fractures. Four were flexion distraction injury; six were stable or unstable burst fractures; and two were simple compression fractures. Osteoporotic spine fractures were excluded from this study. Ultrasound was performed over the injured area by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist in addition to radiography and MRI. Five patients underwent operative procedures to stabilize the fractured spine. Imaging data and operative findings were correlated with ultrasound examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patients who did not undergo surgery, agreement in diagnosis between MRI and ultrasound was moderate (5 of 7). Difficulty evaluating ligament status was encountered when the region of interest was the lower thoracic level (T10, T11, T12) because of long overlapping spinous processes. In the patients who underwent surgery, correlation between MRI, ultrasound, and operative findings was excellent, especially in diagnosing the status of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. Nevertheless, it is impossible to visualize deep-seated structures (i.e., ligamentum flavum, deep muscles of the spine, and facet joint) with ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the excellent diagnostic ability of ultrasound to detect the status of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, especially in patients who undergo surgery. Although ultrasound examination appears to be less sensitive than MRI in predicting ligament status, the cost effectiveness of ultrasound and its use as an alternative to MRI in special situations (i.e., patients with pacemaker, ferromagnetic implant, or severe claustrophobia) should be emphasized. More clinical data concerning the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound examination should be addressed in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Jin-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Sang-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nam-Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwan-Mo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017843:Ligamentum Flavum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017846:Longitudinal Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D014463:Ultrasonography