title: Hybrid robotic coronary artery surgery and angioplasty in multivessel coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete surgical revascularization that includes left internal thoracic artery grafting to the left anterior descending coronary artery remains the gold standard of treatment for coronary artery disease. Not all patients are good candidates for sternotomy. Therefore, we sought to identify a strategy that would combine the long-term advantages of internal thoracic artery grafting to lessen surgical trauma while still allowing complete revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 consecutive patients from four institutions underwent hybrid revascularization combining surgery and angioplasty. All internal thoracic artery grafts were endoscopically harvested with robotic assistance using either the Aesop or Zeus system, and all anastomoses were manually constructed through a 4- to 6-cm anterior thoracotomy incision. Angioplasty was carried out to achieve total revascularization to ungrafted vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no early or late deaths, myocardial infarctions, strokes, or wound infections. Of the patients, 37 (69%) were extubated in the operating room. Length of stay in the intensive care unit averaged 24.4 hours and hospital stay 3.45 days. In all, 16 patients (29.6%) required transfusion of packed red blood cells. Late complications included 1 patient with stent occlusion at 3 months and 2 patients with in-stent restenosis. Three patients were treated for postpericardiotomy syndrome. Mean follow-up was 11.7 months. Event-free was survival 87.1% and freedom from recurrent angina 98.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid endoscopic atraumatic internal thoracic artery to anterior descending coronary artery graft surgery combined with angioplasty is a reasonable revascularization strategy in multiple vessel coronary artery disease in selected patients. Longer follow-up and more patient data in a randomized study are needed to determine the patient cohort most likely to benefit from this approach.
authors.affiliation: Section of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston 33331, USA. stahlk@ccf.org
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: W Douglas
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Vassiliades
authors.forename: Hratch L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Karamanoukian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011185:Postpericardiotomy Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D012371:Robotics; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013908:Thoracotomy