title: Controversies and advances in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) begins in childhood or adolescence in approximately 15% of cases, and although short- and long-term outcomes have improved considerably in the past 20 years there remain many areas of controversy regarding optimal management of these patients. In this chapter, areas of debate reviewed include: the appropriate timing of adding immunosuppressive therapy to corticosteroids, the optimal choice of immunosuppressive medication, the management of patients who fail 'standard' therapies, the significance and appropriate treatment of antiphospholipid antibodies in children with SLE and the emerging morbidities of childhood SLE. The goal of this chapter is to provide a balanced literature review and clinical approach to children and adolescents with SLE and to highlight areas requiring studies in paediatric clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, BC, Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak St. Rm K124, Vancouver, Canada V6H 3V4.
authors.forename: Lori B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tucker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009017:Morbidity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents