title: A retrospective cohort analysis of the clinical effectiveness of a physician-pharmacist collaborative drug therapy management diabetes clinic.
abstract: The glycemic control of patients with diabetes in a physician-supervised, pharmacist-managed primary care clinic was compared with that of patients receiving standard care in the same health care system. We retrospectively analyzed the glycemic control of 87 men with type 1 or type 2 diabetes whose diabetes-related drug therapy was managed by clinical pharmacists compared with a control group of 85 similar patients whose care was not augmented by clinical pharmacists. Primary outcomes were differences in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels between groups. Secondary outcomes were relative risk (RR) for achieving an A1C of 7% or below, frequency of diabetes-related scheduled and unscheduled clinic visits, and frequency of hypoglycemic events. The study group had 864 clinic visits and the control group had 712 between October 1997 and June 2000. No statistical differences were noted in FBG or A1C between groups. The RR of achieving an A1C of 7% or below was significantly higher in the study cohort (RR 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62-10.26). The frequency of hypoglycemic events did not differ between groups. The mean +/- SD frequency of unscheduled diabetes-related clinic visits/patient/year was higher in the control group (1.33 +/- 3.74) than in the study group (0.11 +/- 0.46, p = 0.003). Pharmacist-managed diabetes care was effective in improving glycemic control and was not associated with an increased risk for hypoglycemic events or unscheduled diabetes-related clinic visits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, USA. brian.irons@ttmc.ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Irons
authors.forename: Ranee J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Benita L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: Butch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Habeger
authors.forename: H Glenn
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010595:Pharmacists; D010820:Physicians; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents