title: Association between DNA content and tumor suppressor gene expression and aggressiveness of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are aggressive neoplasms that afflict infants and young children. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the association between DNA content (DNA ploidy, cell cycle analysis), tumor suppressor gene (p53, pRb, p16, and MMAC/PTEN) expression and the biologic aggressiveness of these tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight tumors from 7 patients (1 girl, 6 boys; median age 4+/-6.7 months) were studied. Two patients had DNA aneuploidy and 5 patients manifested diploid DNA content at diagnosis. The proliferative index of the tumors ranged from 10% to 28% (median, 12+/-6.4%). The single tumor with a low proliferative index (i.e., <10%) was aneuploid. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53, pRb, p16, and MMAC/PTEN expression patterns showed that most of the tumors contained more cells with abnormal pRb and p16 expression than cells with abnormal p53 and MMAC/PTEN expression. Expression of tumor suppressor genes, however, was inhomogeneous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings led us to conclude that AT/RT of childhood is characterized by a high proliferative index and DNA aneuploidy. The high expression of abnormal pRb and p16 and the low expression of abnormal p53 and MMAC/PTEN indicate alteration of the G1-to-S phase step in the cell cycle, which could be an explanation for the aggressive nature of these tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Marmara University Medical Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Su Gülsün
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Berrak
authors.forename: Memet M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ozek
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dağçinar
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sav
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Langford
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016161:Genes, Retinoblastoma; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D019942:Genes, p16; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011003:Ploidies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013724:Teratoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human