title: The cost-effectiveness of an inner-city asthma intervention for children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive management efforts to reduce asthma morbidity among children in urban areas with high levels of poverty and large minority populations have been inconclusive. The National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS) demonstrated improved symptom outcomes but did not evaluate cost-effectiveness in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the incremental cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive social worker-based education program and environmental control in children with asthma stratified by baseline level of asthma control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized trial. A total of 1033 children and their families residing in 8 inner-city urban areas in the United States were enrolled in the NCICAS. Outcomes included symptom-free days, cost per symptom-free day gained, and annual costs of asthma morbidity compared by baseline symptom control, previous hospitalization, and previous unscheduled physician visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NCICAS intervention significantly reduced asthma symptoms. First-year intervention costs were 245 US dollars higher for the intervention children compared with those receiving usual care. There were no additional intervention-related costs during the second year. When compared with usual care, the intervention improved outcomes at an average additional cost of 9.20 US dollars per symptom-free day gained (95% CI, -12.56 to 55.29 US dollars). The intervention was cost saving in 3 strata of children with increasing asthma severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted asthma intervention program reduced symptom days and was cost-effective for inner-city children with asthma. In children with more severe disease, the intervention was substantially more effective and reduced costs compared with that seen in control children. Organizations serving this population should consider this strategy as part of a comprehensive disease-management program for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacy and Health Services, Box 357630, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Meyer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gergen
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004782:Environmental Health / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012947:Social Work; D014505:Urban Population