title: Toxicity of terpenes to spores and mycelium of Penicillium digitatum.
abstract: Spores, although often considered metabolically inert, catalyze a variety of reactions. The use of spores instead of mycelium for bioconversions has several advantages. In this paper, we describe the difference in susceptibility of mycelium and spores against toxic substrates and products. A higher resistance of spores toward the toxic effects of bioconversion substrates and products is an advantage that has not been studied in detail until now. This paper shows that spores of Penicillium digitatum ATCC 201167 are on average over 2.5 times more resistant than mycelium toward the toxicity of substrates, intermediates, and products of the geraniol bioconversion pathway. Furthermore, the higher resistance of spores to citral was shown as an advantage in its biotransformation by P. digitatum. Using three different approaches the toxicity of the compounds were tested. The order of toxicity toward P. digitatum was, starting with the most toxic, citral > nerol/geraniol > geranic acid > methylheptenone >> acetaldehyde.
authors.affiliation: Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. wout.wolken@imb.ftns.wau.nl
authors.forename: Wout A M
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wolken
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tramper
authors.forename: Mariët J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Werf
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C007076:citral