title: Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional symptomatic treatments for osteoarthritis do not favorably affect disease progression. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether long-term (3-year) treatment with glucosamine sulfate can modify the progression of joint structure and symptom changes in knee osteoarthritis, as previously suggested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred two patients with knee osteoarthritis (using American College of Rheumatology criteria) were randomized to receive oral glucosamine sulfate, 1500 mg once a day, or placebo. Changes in radiographic minimum joint space width were measured in the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint, and symptoms were assessed using the algo-functional indexes of Lequesne and WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteoarthritis was of mild to moderate severity at enrollment, with average joint space widths of slightly less than 4 mm and a Lequesne index score of less than 9 points. Progressive joint space narrowing with placebo use was -0.19 mm (95% confidence interval, -0.29 to -0.09 mm) after 3 years. Conversely, there was no average change with glucosamine sulfate use (0.04 mm; 95% confidence interval, -0.06 to 0.14 mm), with a significant difference between groups (P =.001). Fewer patients treated with glucosamine sulfate experienced predefined severe narrowings (>0.5 mm): 5% vs 14% (P =.05). Symptoms improved modestly with placebo use but as much as 20% to 25% with glucosamine sulfate use, with significant final differences on the Lequesne index and the WOMAC total index and pain, function, and stiffness subscales. Safety was good and without differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with glucosamine sulfate retarded the progression of knee osteoarthritis, possibly determining disease modification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. pavelka@revma.cz
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelká
authors.forename: Jindriska
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gatterová
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olejarová
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machacek
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giacovelli
authors.forename: Lucio C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rovati
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005944:Glucosamine