title: Equipotent cholinesterase reactivation in vitro by the nerve agent antidotes HI 6 dichloride and HI 6 dimethanesulfonate.
abstract: The well-documented efficacy of HI 6 dichloride in reactivating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by nerve agents is curtailed by its poor water-solubility at temperatures below 10 degrees C. This drawback can be circumvented by using HI 6 dimethanesulfonate, which has been developed in our laboratory. Since investigations on the efficacy of this new entity are lacking, it has been proposed that some bridging experiments be performed, aimed at demonstrating reactivator equivalence in vitro. The reactivating properties of the two salts were compared on human erythrocyte AChE inhibited with paraoxon, sarin, cyclosarin and agent VX. The comparison was extended to cynomolgus erythrocytes exposed in vitro for sarin and VX. Finally, mouse diaphragm preparations were circumfused with sarin, cyclosarin and VX and reactivation by each of the HI 6 salts was examined in muscle homogenates. AChE activity in erythrocyte suspensions was monitored by a modified Ellman procedure, muscle AChE by a radiometric assay. In all models tested no differences between the HI 6 salts could be detected ( P=0.05). From these data, equipotency in AChE reactivation by the two HI 6 salts can be anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krummer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiermann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Worek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eyer
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C022870:asoxime chloride