title: Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble VEGF receptor FLT-1, and von Willebrand factor in glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate plasma indices of vascular permeability (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-also an index of angiogenesis, as well as the soluble receptor for VEGF, sFlt-1) and endothelial damage/dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, vWf) in glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Citrated plasma was assayed for VEGF, sFlt-1, and vWf (all ELISA) in a cross sectional study of 50 patients (20 male; mean age 63.9 years, SD 10.5) with glaucoma: 26 had normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 24 had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), who were compared with 26 healthy controls (mean age 73.4 years, SD 9.2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median (interquartile range, IQR) levels of VEGF were significantly elevated in patients with NTG and POAG compared to healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001). Similarly, mean (SD) vWF levels were abnormal in NTG and POAG compared to healthy controls (one way ANOVA, p<0.001). Median levels of sFlt-1 were significantly lower in patients with NTG and POAG, when compared to healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001; p<0.05 with Tukey's post hoc test for controls v POAG). There were no significant differences in VEGF, sFlt-1 or vWf levels between the NTG and POAG groups (Tukey's test, all p=NS). In both NTG and POAG groups, there was a significant correlation between VEGF and sFlt-1 (Spearman, NTG: r=0.6517, p=0.001; POAG: r=0.6017, p=0.008). There were no significant correlations between VEGF and sFlt-1, or with vWf among the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathogenesis of optic nerve damage in both NTG and POAG may be associated with abnormal vascular permeability and endothelial damage/dysfunction, as indicated by abnormal plasma VEGF and vWf levels in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Felmeden
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matheou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Cunliffe
authors.forename: G Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1