title: Adrenalectomy enhances the insulin sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis.
abstract: After confirming that adrenalectomy per se does not affect skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates, we examined whether endogenously produced glucocorticoids modulate the effect of physiological insulin concentrations on protein synthesis in overnight-fasted rats 4 days after either a bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX), ADX with dexamethasone treatment (ADX + DEX), or a sham operation (Sham; n = 6 each). Rats received a 3-h euglycemic insulin clamp (3 mU. min(-1). kg(-1)). Rectus muscle protein synthesis was measured at the end of the clamp, and the phosphorylation states of protein kinase B (Akt), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70(S6K)) were quantitated before and after the insulin clamp. The basal phosphorylation states of Akt, 4E-BP1, and p70(S6K) were similar between ADX and Sham rats. Insulin significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt (P < 0.03), 4E-BP1 (P = 0.003), and p70(S6K) (P < 0.002) in ADX but not in Sham rats. Protein synthesis was significantly greater after insulin infusion in ADX than in Sham rats (P = 0.01). Glucocorticoid replacement blunted the effect of insulin on Akt, 4E-BP1, and p70(S6K) phosphorylation and protein synthesis. In conclusion, glucocorticoid deficiency enhances the insulin sensitivity of muscle protein synthesis, which is mediated by increased phosphorylation of translation initiation-regulatory proteins.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Eugene J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhenqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C499526:Eif4ebp1 protein, rat; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases