title: Experimental parkinsonism in primates.
abstract: Early in the 1960s the primate model of Parkinson's disease was first introduced by placing an electrolytic lesion in the midbrain. In the 1980s, a dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was accidentally shown to induce parkinsonism in humans, and subsequently was confirmed to reproduce an almost perfect model of parkinsonism in primates. In the late 1980s chemical manipulations of the basal ganglia were shown to induce parkinson symptoms, especially dyskinesia, and more recently, chemical lesioning of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus has also been shown to induce parkinsonism. We still do not have a perfect animal model of parkinsonism, however, these models have offered excellent opportunities to study the basic mechanisms in parkinsonism and the function of the basal ganglia.
authors.affiliation: Chuo Gunma Neurosurgery Hospital, Takasaki, Japan. matsu@mail.wind.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000633:toxicity; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011323:Primates; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine; D001640:Bicuculline