title: What can we learn from explanted endovascular devices?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the durability of the Stentor and Vanguard endovascular devices in human implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The textile covering, the polypropylene ligatures and the stent metal of 34 devices (25 Stentor, 9 Vanguard) with a mean duration of implantation of 28.8 +/- 16 months was examined by means of stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The polyester textile covering showed gaps along the sutured seam and isolated holes in the fabric. All of the examined polypropylene ligatures were worn, some ruptured. Four different types of stent corrosion were classified--pits (100%), bizarre craters (68%), large deficiencies (14%) and fractures (32%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Holes in the polyester fabric and frame dislocations are specific for the design of Stentor and Vanguard grafts. The early corrosion of the stent metal Nitinol in these devices is surprising. Until more experience is gained with other devices, we have to be reminded, that the "gold standard" for the long-term durability of artificial vascular grafts is still "today's" conventional graft.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Hamburg-Harburg, Eissendorfer Pferdeweg 52, D-21149 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riepe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heintz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chakfé
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morlock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delling
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imig
mesh_terms: D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020878:Device Removal; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible