title: Comparison of ovarian cyst formation in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system vs. hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on ovarian cyst formation, endometrial thickness and the size of uterus and uterine fibroids by ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized trial comparing the LNG-IUS and hysterectomy in 236 women (age range 35-49 years) referred for menorrhagia. Transvaginal ultrasound examination was used to study the presence of ovarian cysts, uterine size, endometrial thickness, and the size of the uterus and uterine fibroids during a 12-month follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline examination, 12 ovarian cysts were detected, eight in the LNG-IUS group and four in the hysterectomy group. During the follow-up period, 14 new cysts had emerged at 6 months and 14 new cysts had emerged at 12 months in the LNG-IUS group, whereas the corresponding figures in the hysterectomy group were three and eight, respectively. All but one of the 14 new cysts (94.1%) detected at 6 months in the LNG-IUS group resolved spontaneously, whereas two out of the eight cysts detected at the baseline examination persisted for 12 months. Three cysts were removed at operation. The relative risk of the occurrence of ovarian cysts was significantly higher in women with LNG-IUS, compared with women who underwent hysterectomy. LNG-IUS did not affect the size of the uterus or uterine fibroids, but it was associated with a decrease in endometrial thickness. The occurrence of cysts did not correlate with age or follicle stimulating hormone levels, but a weak positive correlation between the occurrence of cysts and the presence of irregular bleeding was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNG-IUS use in the treatment of menorrhagia was associated with the development of ovarian cysts, but these were symptomless and showed a high rate of spontaneous resolution. LNG-IUS did not affect the size of the uterus or the size of uterine fibroids, but decreased the thickness of the endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Turku, Finland. pirjo.inki@tyks.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurskainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekholm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grenman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kivelä
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kujansuu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teperi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yliskoski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paavonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000139:chemically induced; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D014621:Vagina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D016912:Levonorgestrel