title: [Effects of concentration and dosage of lidocaine on preventing the pain on injection of propofol].
abstract: Although it is well-known that 2% lidocaine has an effective action for preventing propofol-induced pain, it has been unclear whether or not lidocaine of the concentration below 2% has the effective action similar to 2% lidocaine. One-hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to one of the six groups according to concentration and dosage of lidocaine administered at the time of the initiation of propofol infusion. Groups I and II received 1 ml and 2 ml of 1% lidocaine, respectively; Groups III and IV were given 1 ml and 2 ml of 0.5% lidocaine, respectively; Group V received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine; Group VI was administered 1 ml of normal saline as a control. There were no significant differences in patients' profiles and alterations of hemodynamics during anesthetic induction among the six groups. Number of patients complaining of a pain during induction was more in Group VI with significance (P < 0.0001) and number of patients complaining of uncomfortableness was also more with significance (P < 0.0001). Incidence of propofol-induced pain and degree of satisfaction with anesthetic induction were similar among the groups receiving lidocaine. Even 0.5% lidocaine may have the same effective action as 2% lidocaine for preventing the pain on injection of propofol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsubokura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirosawa
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol