title: Manic episodes: the direct cost of a three-month period following hospitalisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data exist to estimate the burden of manic episodes on healthcare systems or the therapeutic strategies used. This study was undertaken to identify treatment strategies chosen, and to assess the "real-world" direct medical cost of treating manic episodes necessitating hospitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case record data were reviewed during the three months following hospitalisation for a manic episode in France. Healthcare resource utilisation was assessed, direct costs calculated, and treatment strategies analysed. A total of 137 patients files (51.8% female; mean age: 35 years) were reviewed and data on 185 hospitalisations collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of hospitalisation was 47 days over the study period. The most common treatment strategy during hospitalisation was the combination of a mood stabilizer with a neuroleptic drug (64% of patients at day 30). Anticonvulsants including valproate (39%) and carbamazepine (20%) were more common than lithium (42%). Treatment received during hospitalisation was generally continued after discharge, with a trend away from neuroleptics and towards mood stabilizers. The mean direct costs incurred over the three-month study period was Euro 22297, with 98.6% of those costs due to hospitalisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that the costs of treating a manic episode are high, and overwhelmingly due to the cost of hospitalisation.
authors.affiliation: Centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Olié
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lévy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents