title: Root system architecture determines fitness in an Arabidopsis mutant in competition for immobile phosphate ions but not for nitrate ions.
abstract: Plant root systems often have complex branching patterns. Models indicate that a complex architecture is only required for the acquisition of immobile resources, such as phosphate; mobile ions, notably nitrate, can be effectively taken up by very restricted root systems. We have tested this prediction using the axr4 mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana, the principal phenotypic effect of which is to reduce the number of lateral roots. Arabidopsis thaliana is not a host for mycorrhizal fungi and so acquires all its nutrients through the root system. In both a pot experiment and a field experiment conducted under natural conditions for A. thaliana, we found that only phosphate, and not nitrate, affected the fitness of the mutant relative to the isogenic wild-type line, Columbia. These results confirm model predictions and have implications both for the evolution of complex root systems and for the design of efficient root systems for crops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK. ahfl@york.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fitter
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linkohr
authors.forename: Ottoline
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leyser
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D009154:Mutation; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates