title: Chronic motor cortex stimulation for phantom limb pain: correlations between pain relief and functional imaging studies.
abstract: Chronic motor cortex stimulation (CMCS) has provided satisfactory control of pain in patients with central or trigeminal neuropathic pain. We used this technique in 3 patients with intractable phantom limb pain after upper limb amputation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlated to anatomical MRI permitted frameless image guidance for electrode placement. Pain control was obtained for all the patients initially and the relief was stable in 2 of the 3 patients at 2 year follow-up. CMCS can be used to relieve phantom limb pain. fMRI data are useful in assisting the neurosurgeon in electrode placement for this indication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Multidisciplinary Pain Center, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casaux
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lotterie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bousquet
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verdié
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mascott
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lazorthes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D002422:Causalgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D038361:Neuronavigation; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome