title: In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of three antifungal agents against preformed Candida albicans biofilms determined by time-kill studies.
abstract: We have examined the in vitro activities of fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms by time-kill methodology. Fluconazole was ineffective against biofilms. Killing of biofilm cells was suboptimal at therapeutic concentrations of amphotericin B. Caspofungin displayed the most effective pharmacokinetic properties, with > or =99% killing at physiological concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramage
authors.forename: Kacy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: VandeWalle
authors.forename: Stefano P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wickes
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: López-Ribot
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003124:Colorimetry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010455:Peptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D000077336:Caspofungin