title: Methamphetamine-induced, suprachiasmatic nucleus-independent circadian rhythms of activity and mPer gene expression in the striatum of the mouse.
abstract: While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coordinates the majority of daily rhythms, some circadian patterns of expression are controlled from outside of the SCN. These include responses to daily methamphetamine (MAP) injection, or daily restricted feeding. The mechanisms underlying these SCN-independent circadian rhythms are unknown. A circadian oscillation in the expression of mPer1 and/or mPer2, mouse period, in the SCN is considered necessary to generate an SCN-dependent circadian rhythm. Therefore, in this experiment, we examined the association between mPer gene expression and the MAP-induced, SCN-independent circadian rhythm. Acute injection of MAP caused an elevation of mPer1, mBmal1, and mNpas2 gene expression in the striatum and mPer1 in the liver. Daily MAP injection at a fixed time for 6 days shifted the rhythmic mPer1 and mPer2 expression in the striatum from a nocturnal to a diurnal rhythm, but failed to affect that in the SCN. Although lesion of the SCN 'flattened'mPer gene oscillation in the striatum and liver, daily MAP injection caused both behavioural and mPer gene expression rhythms. Daily MAP injection at variable injection intervals (12-36 h) for 6 days, however, failed to produce mPer gene rhythm in the striatum. Daily repeated MAP signals may strengthen the oscillatory force of SCN-independent circadian behavioural and molecular rhythms. The present results suggest that daily oscillation of mPer genes outside the SCN is closely associated with the regulation of SCN-independent rhythms. Thus, the present experiment highlights strongly the important role of clock gene expression, in the brain, that underlies the circadian behavioural rhythm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Brain Science, School of Human Sciences, Waseda, University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikaido
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008124:Locomotion; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008694:Methamphetamine