title: Calcium phosphate crystallization under terrestrial and microgravity conditions.
abstract: Calcium phosphate crystalline powders grown under terrestrial and space (EURECA 1992-1993 flight) conditions in the Solution Growth Facility are analyzed and compared by optical and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), electron and X-ray microdiffraction and microanalyses. On earth, only small, micrometer size scale, spherolites of hydroxyapatite (HAP) grow. In space, the HAP spherolites reach hundreds of micrometer. Also, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) spherolites up to 3 mm have been obtained. Computer modelling of diffusion in a real chamber has been performed. It suggests high spatial supersaturation gradients at zero gravity which may provide much higher local supersaturations on earth, where convection takes place. The analyses suggest that the dramatic difference between the terrestrial and space samples should come from much lower supersaturation in space.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lundager Madsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Christensson
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Polyak
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Suvorova
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kliya
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chernov
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003460:Crystallization; D004058:Diffusion; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous