title: Ganoderma lucidum extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell.
abstract: Although the pharmacology and clinical application of water extracts of Ganoderma lucidum have been extensively documented, little is known regarding its alcohol extract. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of an alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated using MCF-7 cells. We found that the alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which might be mediated through up-regulation of p21/Waf1 and down-regulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, this compound can directly induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which might be mediated through up-regulation of a pro-apoptotic Bax protein and not by the immune system. Our findings suggest that there are multiple mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Sumon 441-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Nam-Shik
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Xinlin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yong-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019938:Cyclin D1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)