title: Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on peripheral monocytes as a predictive marker of sepsis during acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mortality associated with severe acute pancreatitis is still high, and death in the later stage of the disease is chiefly due to bacterial infection and sepsis. However, objective parameters for the risk of sepsis in acute pancreatitis have not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) on peripheral monocytes for predicting the development of sepsis during acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of HLA-DR on peripheral monocytes was measured in 64 patients by flow cytometry at admission and 7 and 14 days after the onset of acute pancreatitis. Twenty-eight patients with severe acute pancreatitis and 36 with mild acute pancreatitis, as determined by the Atlanta classification, were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients had sepsis, and two of them died during the hospital stay. At admission, the percentage of HLA-DR-expressing cells in the monocyte population was significantly lower in the patients who had sepsis in the later course than in the patients who did not have sepsis. A percentage lower than 80% at admission was observed in 17 patients, and the patients who had persistently low percentages of HLA-DR-expressing monocytes throughout the observation period had sepsis in the later clinical course, whereas the patients in whom expression recovered to the normal range were spared the development of sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In acute pancreatitis, the low percentage of HLA-DR-expressing cells in the monocyte population is a reliable predictor of the development of sepsis. Monitoring of monocyte HLA-DR expression may be a useful marker for identifying the patients who are at high risk of sepsis in acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. asato@int3.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Kennichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagiwa
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D016753:Interleukin-10