title: A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the benefits of short-term enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients using a high-calorie and high-protein blend formula (low-cost home-prepared [HP] blend or a commercially available supplement) and to study its effect on selected parameters of nutritional status. The acceptability and palatability of the HP blend formula, ease of use, and cost were also assessed in comparison with the commercial nutritional supplement (CNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodialysis (HD) unit of a tertiary referral care hospital in Southern India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nondiabetic adult MHD patients with no intercurrent illness, on regular thrice weekly MHD for at least 1 month before recruitment, with a body mass index (BMI) <20 and a serum albumin level of <4.0 g/dL. Patients were randomized into control group and experimental group, the latter in turn to recieve either CNS or HP blend.
  
  
  METHODS
  The control group received appropriate monitoring, including dietary recall and counselling for the prescribed diet (protein intake of 1.2 g/kgIBW/d and energy of 35 to 45 kcal/kgIBW/d) but no specific post-HD supplement. Patients in the supplement group received the respective supplement post-HD (providing 500 kcal and 15 g protein) for 1 month in addition to the monitored diet prescription.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Nutritional status parameters, BMI and serum albumin; (2) functional status on a 10-point Karnofsky scale; (3) adverse metabolic effects, hyperphosphatemia at start and end of study; and (4) subjective scoring for appetite, and acceptability of and tolerance to supplement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups showed an improvement in dry weight and BMI. In addition, the supplement group showed a significant increase in serum albumin level and functional scoring. Mild hyperphosphatemia occurred in the supplement group. An increase in baseline food intake was seen in the control group, but not in the supplemented group. No intolerance was reported to either supplement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral nutrient supplementation was shown to bring about a significant improvement in serum albumin level even in a short-term study. Use of an HP supplement was beneficial, acceptable, and inexpensive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Madhumathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Chakko Korula
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin