title: Computed tomography images of entrapped epidural catheter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Knotting and looping of catheters in the epidural space occur rarely. Visualization of a catheter by radiograph or fluoroscopy is not always possible and often inaccurate in locating the knot and/or the loop with precision. We report the case of an entrapped lumbar epidural catheter. Computed tomography (CT) clearly showed a knotted and looped catheter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 27-year-old woman underwent epidural analgesia during labor. The epidural catheter was inserted 7 cm into the epidural space. After unsuccessful attempts at removing the catheter, a CT scan was performed, and it showed a catheter knot in the epidural space as well as a loop within the interlaminar ligamentum flavum between L3 and L4. This explained why attempts to remove the catheter by manual traction failed. Surgical removal of the catheter was subsequently performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT is useful in showing an entrapped epidural catheter and the mechanisms of entrapment. Surgery should be considered when gentle traction fails to retrieve the catheter. CT allows the clinician to localize the catheter with accuracy, thus facilitating surgical follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Départements d'Anesthésiologie, Neurochirurgie et Unité d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Brest, France.
authors.forename: Phong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dam-Hieu
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: De Cazes
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quinio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed