title: Collagen I initiates endothelial cell morphogenesis by inducing actin polymerization through suppression of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A.
abstract: Collagen I provokes endothelial cells to assume a spindle-shaped morphology and to align into solid cord-like assemblies. These cords closely imitate the solid pre-capillary cords of embryonic angiogenesis, raising interesting questions about underlying mechanisms. Studies described here identify a critical mechanism beginning with collagen I ligation of integrins alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1), followed by suppression of cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A, and marked induction of actin polymerization to form prominent stress fibers. In contrast to collagen I, laminin-1 neither suppressed cAMP nor protein kinase A activity nor induced actin polymerization or changes in cell shape. Moreover, fibroblasts did not respond to collagen I with changes in cAMP, actin polymerization, or cell shape, thus indicating that collagen signaling, as observed in endothelial cells, does not extend to all cell types. Pharmacological elevation of cAMP blocked collagen-induced actin polymerization and formation of cords by endothelial cells; conversely, pharmacological suppression of either cAMP or protein kinase A induced actin polymerization. Collectively, these studies identify a previously unrecognized and critical mechanism, involving suppression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and induction of actin polymerization, through which collagen I drives endothelial cell organization into multicellular pre-capillary cords.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Senger
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D039222:Integrin alpha1beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D039222:Integrin alpha1beta1; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002166:Camptothecin