title: Pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon (IFN) alfa is a clinically effective therapy used in a wide range of viral infections and cell-proliferative disorders. Combination therapy with IFN alfa-2b and ribavirin is the current standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. However, standard IFN alfa has the drawbacks of a short serum half-life and rapid clearance. To overcome this problem, 2 pegylated forms of IFN have been developed and tested clinically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article reviews the development and properties of pegylated IFN alfa-2b and pegylated IFN alfa-2a, and presents safety and efficacy data from recent clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant clinical studies were identified through a MEDLINE search from 1966 through the present using the key words hepatitis C and interferon. Studies of the pegylated IFNs in humans were then selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pegylated IFN alfa-2b is formed by covalent conjugation of a 12-kd mono-methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule to IFN alfa-2b, and pegylated IFN alfa-2a by covalent conjugation of a 40-kd branched mono-methoxy PEG molecule to IFN alfa-2a. The 2 pegylated IFNs differ in the mixture of pegylation isomers resulting from their conjugation chemistry. Pegylated IFN alfa-2b has a prolonged serum half-life (40 hours) relative to standard IFN alfa-2b (7-9 hours). The greater polymer size of pegylated IFN alfa-2a acts to reduce glomerular filtration, markedly prolonging its serum half-life (72-96 hours) compared with standard IFN alfa-2a (6-9 hours). In clinical studies, once-weekly dosing of the pegylated IFNs was associated with a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Once-weekly dosing with either of the pegylated IFNs was more effective than the respective thrice-weekly regimen of IFN alfa, with a comparable safety profile. The combination of once-weekly pegylated IFN and ribavirin effectively reduced HCV viral load and sustained viral suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-weekly dosing with either pegylated IFN alfa-2b or pegylated IFN alfa-2a has been shown to produce significantly higher rates of viral eradication than standard thrice-weekly IFN alfa therapy without compromising safety. With respect to the treatment of CHC, the greatest anti-HCV efficacy has been achieved with the combination of once-weekly pegylated IFN and ribavirin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, Missouri 63110-0250, USA. luxonba@SLU.edu
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Luxon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brassard
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordens
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins