title: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: defining the learning curve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing numbers of laparoscopic surgeons are performing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGB). Our aim was to determine the length of the learning curve for a skilled laparoscopic surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of the first 225 consecutive LGB procedures attempted by one laparoscopic surgeon (HJS). Outcome parameters included mortality, morbidity, operative time, and conversion to an open procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average operative time decreased from 189 min (first 75 patients) to 125 minutes (last 75 patients). Most of the improvement in operative time occurred over the first 75 patients. The perioperative complication rate decreased from 32% (first 75 patients) to 15% (second and third groups of 75 patients). Complication rates did not significantly decrease after the first 75 patients. Low mortality and conversion rates were achieved early in the series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low mortality rates and low conversion rates can be achieved early in the learning curve for LGB. Complication rates plateau after approximately 75 LGBs, and operative times decrease substantially over the initial 75 cases. Operative times continue to decrease at a slower rate beyond 75 cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliak
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasielewski
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011182:Postoperative Care; D013997:Time Factors