Radiosurgical treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas: experience with 122 treated patients.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery, in terms of neurological improvement and tumor growth control (TGC), for a large series of patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas.


METHODS
Between February 1993 and January 2002, 156 patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas (35 male and 121 female patients; mean age, 56.1 yr) were treated with GK radiosurgery in our department. GK radiosurgery was used as a first-choice treatment for 75 of 156 patients and as postoperative adjuvant therapy for 81 of 156 patients (all with Grade I meningiomas). Eligibility criteria for radiosurgery were as follows: symptomatic meningiomas and/or documented tumor progression on magnetic resonance imaging scans, conditions of high operative risk, patient refusal of microsurgery or reoperation, tumor volume of <20 cm(3), and location no less than 2 mm from the optic pathways.


RESULTS
Follow-up data for at least 12 months were available for 122 patients (median follow-up period, 48.9 mo). Clinical conditions were improved or stable for 118 of 122 patients (97%). Neurological recovery was observed for 78.5% of patients treated with GK radiosurgery alone and for 60.5% of patients treated with adjuvant therapy (P < 0.05). Adequate TGC was documented for 119 of 122 tumors (97.5%), with shrinkage/disappearance in 75 of 122 cases (61.5%) and no variation in volume in 44 of 122 cases (36%); the overall actuarial progression-free survival rate at 5 years was 96.5%. Tumor size regression was observed for 80% of patients with follow-up periods of more than 30 months, compared with 43.5% of patients with follow-up periods of less than 30 months (P < 0.0002). Radiosurgical sequelae were transient in 4 of 122 cases (3.0%) and permanent in 1 case (1%).


CONCLUSIONS
For the follow-up periods in our series (median, >4 yr), GK radiosurgery seems to be both safe (permanent morbidity rate, 1%) and effective (97% neurological improvement/stability, 97.5% overall TGC, and 96.5% actuarial TGC at 5 yr). GK radiosurgery might be considered a first-choice treatment for selected patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas.
Nicolato
Antonio
A
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy. antonio.nicolato@mail.azosp.vr.it
Foroni
Roberto
R
Alessandrini
Franco
F
Bricolo
Albino
A
Gerosa
Massimo
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome