title: Physiological leukocytosis during pregnancy is associated with changes in glucose transporter expression of maternal peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The scarce data on glucose transporter expression of leukocytes are contradictory and nothing is known about changes accompanying physiological leukocytosis during pregnancy, which imposes acute metabolic demands on the cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytospin preparations of intravascular leukocytes were searched immunocytochemically for the high affinity glucose transporters GLUT1, 3 and 4. Pregnancy-associated quantitative changes in transporter expression were assessed by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Granulocytes and monocytes stained for GLUT1, 3 and 4. Major changes in cell surface transporter expression during pregnancy were a 36% (P < 0.05) down-regulation of granulocyte GLUT1 at term, and an increase in monocyte GLUT3 levels to 137% (P < 0.05), paralleled by a 24% (P < 0.05) decrease in GLUT4 content in second trimester. Apart from a minor subpopulation, lymphocytes were negative for these carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLUT1, 3 and 4 are abundantly expressed in granulocytes and monocytes. The particular isoforms are differentially regulated during pregnancy, suggesting an individual functional significance.
authors.forename: Emin T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Korgun
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sedlmayr
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desoye
authors.forename: Guerkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puerstner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dohr
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skofitsch
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051273:Glucose Transporter Type 2; D051274:Glucose Transporter Type 3; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; C495687:SLC2A3 protein, human; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D005947:Glucose