Pathologic interactions in pulpal and periodontal tissues.
Both endodontic and periodontal disease are caused by a mixed anaerobic infection. The pathways for the spread of bacteria between pulpal and periodontal tissues have been discussed with controversy. This article is an attempt to provide a rational approach to the perio-endo/endo-perio question based on a review of the relevant literature. In the light of evidence, clinical concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of lesions involving both periodontal and pulpal tissues are discussed.
Zehnder
M
M
Columbia University, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Division of Endodontics, New York, NY 10032, USA. mz121@columbia.edu
Gold
S I
SI
Hasselgren
G
G
D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D003788:Dental Pulp Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000150:complications; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries