title: Blockade of insulin-like growth factor I receptor function inhibits growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II and their principle receptor, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), are frequently expressed in human colon cancers and play a role in preventing apoptosis, enhancing cell proliferation, and inducing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To elucidate the in vitro and in vivo effects of IGF-IR in human colon cancer growth and angiogenesis, HT29 cells were transfected with a truncated dominant-negative (DN) form of IGF-IR or vector alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGF-I increased VEGF expression in parental and vector-transfected cells, whereas IGF-I induction of VEGF mRNA and protein was abrogated in IGF-IR DN cells. The IGF-IR DN cells demonstrated inhibited growth in both monolayer culture and soft agar (P < 0.05). s.c. injections of IGF-IR DN cells in nude mice led to significantly decreased tumor growth (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that IGF-I DN tumors demonstrated decreased tumor cell proliferation, VEGF expression, and vessel count and increased tumor cell apoptosis (P < 0.05 for all parameters compared with controls). Furthermore, IGF-IR DN-transfected cells yielded significantly decreased tumorigenicity and growth in the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies demonstrate that the IGF ligand-receptor system plays an important role in multiple mechanisms that mediate human colon cancer growth including regulation of VEGF and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reinmuth
authors.forename: Wenbiao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Young D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stoeltzing
authors.forename: Corazon D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radinsky
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases