title: Effects of carprofen and dexamethasone on canine chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture model of osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine effects of carprofen and dexamethasone on chondrocytes in a culture model of osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes isolated from articular cartilage of the humeral head of 5 adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chondrocytes were harvested, cultured and subcultured in monolayer, and then cultured in a 3-dimensional (3-D) medium. Cells from each dog were distributed into 6 groups with differing content of liquid medium for each 3-D construct (agarose [AG], AG plus interleukin [IL]-1beta, AG plus carprofen [4 microg/mL], AG plus dexamethasone [1 mg/mL], AG plus IL-1beta [20 ng/mL] plus carprofen [4 microg/mL], and AG plus IL-1beta (20 ng/mL) plus dexamethasone (1 mg/mL). On days 3, 6, 12, and 20 of culture, samples from all groups were collected. Liquid media were assayed for glycosaminoglycan, prostaglandin (PG)E2, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3, and MMP-13 concentrations. All 3-D constructs were evaluated for viability, cell morphology, proteoglycan staining, and collagen type-II concentration. Total glycosaminoglycan content in each 3-D construct was quantitated by spectrophotometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of IL-1beta caused a significant loss of cell viability and matrix production. Addition of carprofen or dexamethasone caused significant decreases in PGE2 in the liquid media, and each was minimally effective in protecting chondrocytes against negative effects of IL-1beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human recombinant IL-1beta resulted in loss of cell viability, alterations in extracellular matrix components, and production of PG and MMP Carprofen and dexamethasone had little effect on cell and matrix variables but did decrease PGE2 concentrations and primarily affected the inflammatory pathway of osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kreeger
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D003907:Dexamethasone; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C007005:carprofen; D015232:Dinoprostone