title: The genotype distribution of the XRCC1 gene indicates a role for base excision repair in the development of therapy-related acute myeloblastic leukemia.
abstract: Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been described. These polymorphisms may affect DNA repair capacity and modulate cancer susceptibility by means of gene-environment interactions. We investigated DNA repair capacity and its association with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). We studied polymorphisms in 3 DNA repair genes: XRCC1, XRCC3, and XPD. We also assessed the incidence of a functional polymorphism in the NQO1 gene, which is involved in protection of cells from oxidative damage. We genotyped the polymorphisms by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis in 134 patients with de novo AML, 34 with therapy-related AML (t-AML), and 178 controls. The distributions of the XRCC3 Thr241Met and NQO1 Pro187Ser genotypes were not significantly different in patients and controls. However, the distribution of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotypes was significantly different when comparing the t-AML and control groups (chi(2), P =.03). The presence of at least one XRCC1 399Gln allele indicated a protective effect for the allele in controls compared with patients with t-AML (odds ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.93). We found no interactions between the XRCC1 or XRCC3 and NQO1 genotypes. We also found no differences in the distribution of the XPD Lys751Gln or XRCC1 Arg194Trp genotypes. Our data provide evidence of a protective effect against AML in individuals with at least one copy of the variant XRCC1 399Gln allele compared with those homozygous for the common allele.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, School of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nottingham, and Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom. claire.seedhouse@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seedhouse
authors.forename: Rowena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bainton
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Das-Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004265:DNA Helicases; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C110901:X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; D004265:DNA Helicases; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human