title: Effect of relaxin in two models of renal mass reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relaxin (Rlx), a 6-kD protein hormone, belongs to the insulin growth factor family. We have previously shown that Rlx reduces interstitial fibrosis in a model of chronic papillary necrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to extend these observations to a model of renal injury induced by mass reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal mass was reduced by either infarction or surgical excision of both poles, with removal of the contralateral kidney. Two weeks later, creatinine clearance was done and animals from both groups implanted with osmotic pumps delivering either Rlx (2 microg/h) or vehicle (Veh). Treatment was continued for 4 weeks. The severity of the glomerular injury was quantified by planimetric measurements. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance and plasma creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rlx significantly decreased systolic blood pressure in animals with infarction. This was accompanied by a decrease in serum creatinine and a slight improvement in creatinine clearance. The severity of the glomerular lesion was reduced by Rlx (sclerosis index, Veh 1.16 +/- 0.13 vs. Rlx 0.74 +/- 0.16, p = 0.037). In the excision group the animals were normotensive. In this group, Rlx treatment was accompanied by a decrease in serum creatinine (Veh 1.01 +/- 0.03 vs. Rlx 0.81 +/- 0.05 mg/dl, p = 0.02) and an increase in GFR (Veh 0.90 +/- 0.14 vs. Rlx 1.33 +/- 0.11 ml/min, p = 0.03). The sclerosis index was also reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rlx decreases renal injury by at least two mechanisms, one by lowering blood pressure as seen in the infarction model, the other independent of blood pressure as seen in the normotensive excision model where there was also a significant functional improvement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology at Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Ill 60612, USA. SLGarber@AOL.com
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Garber
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mirochnik
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brecklin
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slobodskoy
authors.forename: Jose A L
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012065:Relaxin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012065:Relaxin