title: Oxygen regulates mitogen-stimulated proliferation of fetal human airway smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) content is characteristic of infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity/bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Oxygen therapy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immature antioxidant defenses are major risk factors in chronic lung disease of prematurity/bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but their interrelationship is unclear. The direct effects of raised Po2 and modulation of ROS were examined on proliferation of cultured fetal human ASM cells. A bell-shaped relationship was found between Po2 and DNA synthesis induced by fetal bovine serum, platelet-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblastic growth factor, with peak responses occurring at 10-kPa Po2. Changes in DNA synthesis by Po2 did not occur in the absence of mitogen. ROS generation, estimated by dichlorodihydrofluorescein oxidation, was increased by mitogens but was unaffected by nonmitogens (bradykinin, histamine). There was an inverse relationship between ROS generation and Po2, and mitogen-induced ROS generation was substantially potentiated as the Po2 fell. H2O2 mimicked the effect of Po2 on fetal bovine serum-stimulated proliferation, whereas treatment with antioxidants (GSH, N-acetylcysteine) reduced it. These data demonstrate that increases in Po2 above levels found in utero modulate proliferation of fetal ASM cells but only in the presence of growth factors. They also strongly suggest that, under these conditions, proliferation is mediated in part by generation of ROS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, The Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hitesh C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Snetkov
authors.forename: Charles H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Twort
authors.forename: Jeremy P T
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hirst
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003285:Contractile Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000502:physiology; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000196:embryology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014132:Trachea / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D003285:Contractile Proteins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006133:Growth Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008934:Mitogens; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen; D000111:Acetylcysteine