title: Angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with hypertensive crisis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The genetic background of hypertensive crisis is unknown. We examined the association of polymorphisms in genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system with hypertensive crisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency department at a tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 182 patients with essential hypertension who were admitted to an emergency department for treatment of hypertensive crisis and 182 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of polymorphisms in genes coding for angiotensinogen (AJT 704T-->C), angiotensin II receptor 1 (AGTR1 1166A-->C), renin (REN 2646G-->A), renin-binding protein (RENBP 61T-->C), alpha-adducin (ADD1 1378G-->T), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2 46A-->G, 79C-->G), and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE I/D) was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. MAIN RESULTS Among patients, the ACE I/D polymorphism showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p =.01). In controls, all polymorphisms were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the DD genotype was increased in patients (n = 70, 38.5%) vs. controls (n = 51; 28.0%;p =.03; odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.50), which was due to the DD genotype in 40 male patients (44%) vs. 23 in male controls (25.3%;p =.004; odds ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-8.30). There were no differences in genotype distributions among other polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate a possible association of the DD genotype with hypertensive crisis in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gere
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sunder-Plassmann
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hirschl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woisetschläger
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Derhaschnig
authors.forename: Anton N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Laggner
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hörl
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Födinger
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002238:Carbohydrate Epimerases / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000235:genetics; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D002238:Carbohydrate Epimerases; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D012083:Renin; D000099291:Adducins; C024519:N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase; C498259:RENBP protein, human