title: Regulation of platelet-activating factor synthesis in human neutrophils by MAP kinases.
abstract: Human neutrophils (PMN) are potentially a major source of platelet-activating factor (PAF) produced during inflammatory responses. The stimulated synthesis of PAF in PMN is carried out by a phospholipid remodeling pathway involving three enzymes: acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (acetyltransferase), type IV phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and CoA-independent transacylase (CoA-IT). However, the coordinated actions and the regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes in PAF synthesis are poorly defined. A23187 has been widely used to activate the remodeling pathway, but it has not been shown how closely its actions mimic those of physiological stimuli. Here we address this important problem and compare responses of the three remodeling enzymes and PAF synthesis by intact cells. In both A23187- and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated PMN, acetyltransferase activation is blocked by SB 203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, but not by PD 98059, which blocks activation of the ERKs. In contrast, either agent attenuated cPLA(2) activation. Correlating with these results, SB 203580 decreased stimulated PAF formation by 60%, whereas PD 98059 had little effect. However, the combination of both inhibitors decreased PAF formation to control levels. Although a role for CoA-IT in PAF synthesis is recognized, we did not detect activation of the enzyme in stimulated PMN. CoA-IT thus appears to exhibit full activity in resting as well as stimulated cells. We conclude that the calcium ionophore A23187 and the receptor agonist fMLP both act through common pathways to stimulate PAF synthesis, with p38 MAP kinase regulating acetyltransferase and supplementing ERK activation of cPLA(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1016, USA.
authors.forename: Paul R S
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: Leslie  N
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wooten
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Flaherty
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wykle
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D000001:Calcimycin; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D000217:Acyltransferases; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C039766:arachidonyl transacylase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010741:Phospholipases A