title: Effectiveness and long-term results of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is a cost-effective, efficient, and minimally invasive method of treating choledocholithiasis. We reviewed the long-term results and efficacy of LCBDE for the common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts were reviewed for all patients undergoing LCBDE at St. Vincent Hospital over 11 years (1990-2001). Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory data, radiologic and operative findings, and postoperative follow-up evaluation were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 346 LCBDE were performed during the study period. The mean operative time was 127 +/- 3 min, and the length of hospital stay averaged 2.8 +/- 0.1 days. In 8 patients (2.3%), LCBDE was converted to an open procedure. Complications were noted in 33 patients (9.5%), including patients (2.7%) with retained stones. No postoperative mortalities were recorded. No long-term strictures or biliary complications were noted over a mean follow-up period of 43 months (follow-up data available for 96%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A policy of routine cholangiography and LCBDE for CBD stones was effective in clearing the bile duct and avoiding further hepatobiliary instrumentation. The findings show that LCBDE can be performed successfully with low morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Fallon Clinic, St. Vincent Hospital, and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riciardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Canete
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Arcand
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stoker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002758:Cholangiography; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome