title: Imaging the cerebrovascular tree in the cadaveric head for planning surgical strategy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to identify whether an integration of cadaveric dissections with preoperative imaging information may enable a better understanding of pathological anatomy, especially vascular lesions, and thus allow for greater precision in surgical planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected a computed tomographic contrast agent and experimentally determined the proportion of it that could mix compatibly with the silicone compound. The resultant mixture was injected into the cerebrovascular systems of six fresh human cadaveric heads. The specimens underwent computed tomography for the purpose of digital virtual exposures in parallel with laboratory dissections performed on these specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1:8 ratio of contrast agent to silicone rubber was determined to be appropriate for both computed tomography and subsequent laboratory dissection of the specimens. The blood vessels in computed tomographic scans demonstrated a higher attenuation than surrounding soft tissues. The opacity consistency of the injected vessels was a critical parameter for a clear three-dimensional rendering of the vascular structures in the natural surroundings of the skull base. Static and dynamic three-dimensional images of the cadaveric vascular tree were obtained as viewed through surgical corridors of various skull base approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated a new cadaveric preparation model for imaging and dissection. This model allows for static and dynamic three-dimensional examination of the surgical anatomy from a neurosurgeon's perspective. It may facilitate the study of cerebrovascular system morphology/pathology in relation to the skull base as a tool for surgical planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Chicago, IL 60201, USA. jzhao@enh.org
authors.forename: Jin-cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sami S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: H Hunt
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Batjer
authors.forename: Ivan S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ciric
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D004210:Dissection; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012826:Silicone Elastomers