title: Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously naive HIV-infected subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of chronic coinfection with hepatitis viruses on the response to therapy against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) remains debated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study, the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serostatus on the outcome of potent HIV-1 therapy was analyzed in HIV-1-infected patients previously naive to antiretroviral therapy. Changes from baseline CD4+ cell counts and HIV RNA levels over time were analyzed by linear regression models. Time to clinical progression and time to reach virologic and immunologic response were analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 1320 patients, among whom 600 were HCV antibody-positive and 90 were HBV surface antigen-positive. During a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 1-48 months), clinical progression was observed in 99 patients (56 new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining events and 43 deaths). In multivariate models, HCV-positive HBV-negative patients showed a shorter time to clinical progression (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.41). Patients who were HCV-positive also showed mean CD4+ recoveries over time that were at least 30 cells/ micro L fewer than those of seronegative patients. Hepatitis virus serostatus did not affect the virologic response to HIV-1 therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical progression of HIV-1 disease after starting potent antiretroviral therapy is accelerated by concomitant infection with HCV. Compared with patients without coinfection, coinfected patients showed impaired CD4+ cell recovery, despite similar virologic response to HIV-1 therapy. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of HCV and for the timing of initiation of HIV-1 therapy in coinfected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. andrea.deluca@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bugarini
authors.forename: Alessandro Cozzi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lepri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puoti
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tositti
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cadeo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macor
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Arminio Monforte
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral