title: Efficacy of the organic-certified insecticide Diatect II against the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) in cotton.
abstract: The efficacy of the organic insecticide Diatect II against boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas were assessed in small-plot field trials and greenhouse cage tests using azinphos-methyl treatments as a standard for comparison. Plastic sheets were placed in the furrows of the treated plots to retrieve boll weevils which dropped from the plants after being killed by the insecticides. Samples of live weevils taken by a tractor-mounted vacuum sampler revealed a modest, but significant, reduction in boll weevil populations in Diatect II plots. However, samples of dead weevils indicated that this reduction was due to movement of weevils out of the plots rather than to mortality. This interpretation is supported by greenhouse cage studies, where mortality in Diatect II treated cages was no greater than that in untreated control cages. The effects of insecticide treatments in small plots can be confounded easily and quickly by interplot movement of target insects. Although the relative effects of various compounds can usually be assessed by sampling the populations in plots soon after treatment, the best measure of efficacy is obtained by directly sampling insects that have died in the plot. This parameter is insulated from the effects of interplot movement, unless the toxicant is slow to immobilize the target insect. Taken together, our results indicate little efficacy by Diatect II against boll weevil under our test conditions.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. tsapping@weslaco.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sappington
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000633:toxicity; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C471765:diatect II; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide