title: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the jugular foramen: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a rare type of tumor, most commonly found in the limbs of children and young adults. The authors report an extremely rare case of pPNET located at the jugular foramen whose clinical course demonstrated rapid progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of progressive hoarseness and dysphagia. The neuroradiological appearance of the lesion was a jugular foramen tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent a partial resection of the tumor through a far lateral suboccipital craniotomy. After surgery, the patient experienced an unexpected deterioration in consciousness. Magnetic resonance images on postoperative Day 18 revealed rapid and large expansion of the residual tumor into the posterior fossa. No adjuvant therapy was administered, and the patient died 6 weeks after diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen was pPNET, according to the findings of hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stainings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pPNET at the jugular foramen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sakura Hospital, Toho University School of Medicine, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285-0841, Japan. neurosurg@sakura.med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Mikiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsume
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kameda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018241:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed