title: Management of bile duct injury during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile duct injury (BDI) is perhaps the most feared complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Proper management of iatrogenic BDI is mandatory to avoid immediate or later life-threatening sequelae. The results of surgery depend mainly on the type of injury, prompt detection of the injury, and timing of the surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with BDI after LC were treated. Eight of them were referred to our institution for further treatment. The follow-up evaluation was focused on clinical outcome and biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the patients had minor BDI with leakage. In all of them, the BDI was recognized postoperatively. Two of these patients were managed by endoscopic retrograde cholongio pancreatographic sphincterotomy and stent placement. The other three patients underwent open laparotomy and bile duct ligation. Seven of the patients had major BDI. In two patients, biliary injuries were identified at the time of LC, and the procedure was converted to laparotomy. At the time of conversion, primary suture repair with T-tube drainage of the injured bile duct was performed. Strictures developed in these patients after 2 and 6 months, respectively, and they were treated with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. In five additional patients, BDI was recognized postoperatively. One of these patients died because of delayed detection of biliary peritonitis. At this writing, during a median follow-up period of 52 months, neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of biliary disease has been found in the remaining patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic BDI has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Late recognition of the BDI remains a problem.
authors.affiliation: D' Surgical Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki, Greece. ctsalis@med.auth.gr
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Tsalis
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalfadis
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Botsios
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dadoukis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome