title: [Linguistic validation of Japanese version of International Prostate Symptom Score and BPH impact index].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate linguistic validity of the Japanese version of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and BPH Impact Index (BII).
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation was performed through multi-step procedure. Forward translation was created through the discussion by 5 urologists, 2 Japanese translators and 1 nurse on independent translations of the discussants and the translation published in the Guideline in Japan. Back translation was made by 2 native speakers of American English, and negotiated with the original developers. A person-to-person in-depth interview was carried out on 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The developers generally approved our translation, but had 2 major concerns in the Japanese version; 1) "how often" in every sentence of English version was not translated into Japanese, and 2) the Japanese expression in the response choices of QOL index should be more emotional. The former concern was compromised by placing a sentence at the beginning of the questionnaire explaining that the response should be considered in frequency. The latter concern was examined in a pre-test involving additional 88 patients and compromised by making the translation of some response choices more emotional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evaluated linguistic validity of Japanese translations of IPSS and BII, and proposed a valid Japanese version of these questionnaires.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Kousaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinji
mesh_terms: D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations