title: Distribution of carbon monoxide-producing neurons in human colon and in Hirschsprung's disease patients.
abstract: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells and impaired relaxation of the gut. Nitric oxide (NO) and, more recently, carbon monoxide (CO) have been identified as inhibitory neurotransmitters causing relaxation. A deficiency in NO has been reported in aganglionic gut; we hypothesized that CO could also be involved in impaired gut motility in HSCR. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of CO-and NO-producing enzymes in the normal and aganglionic gut. We performed laser capture microdissection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry on colon biopsies of normal controls (n = 9) and patients with HSCR (n = 10). The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), immunoreactivities of HO-2 and NO synthase, was determined and compared. Results show a high level of expression of HO-2 mRNA localized in the myenteric plexus. Expression of HO-2 mRNA was also detected in the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer. Down-regulation of HO-2 mRNA expression was detected in the aganglionic colon. Immunoreactivities of HO-2 and NO synthase were localized mainly to the ganglion plexus and to nerve fibers within the muscle in the control colons and normoganglionic colons. HO-2-containing neurons were more abundant than NO synthase-containing neurons in the myenteric plexus. Nearly all of the NO synthase-containing neurons also contained HO-2. HO-2 and NO synthase were selectively absent in the myenteric and submucosal regions and in the muscle of the aganglionic colon. Our findings suggest involvement of both CO and NO in the pathophysiology of HSCR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, and University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Vincent C H
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Mai H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Paul K H
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C105245:heme oxygenase-2