title: A phase I study of sequential irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irinotecan (CPT-11) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin are active agents in colorectal cancer. A sequence-dependent synergism of SN-38 followed by 5-FU/leucovorin in vitro led us to conduct a phase I trial of CPT-11 followed by 5-FU/leucovorin to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicities of this regimen and to obtain preliminary indications of its activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients were enrolled in sequential cohorts to receive escalating doses of CPT-11 (90 min infusion) on day 1, followed by leucovorin 20 mg/m(2) (intravenous push) and 5-FU (90 min infusion) on days 2-5 of each 21-day cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 347 treatment cycles (median 4, range 1-25) were administered. Dose-limiting toxicities were diarrhea, neutropenia and fatigue. Nine patients with colorectal cancer and one with gastric cancer had partial or minor responses. Eight of the 10 had prior chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPT-11 and 5-FU/leucovorin, as constituents of this novel mechanism-based schedule, have promising activity in patients who have received prior chemotherapy. The recommended phase II/III starting doses are CPT-11 275 mg/m(2) over 90 min on day 1, and 5-FU 400 mg/m(2) plus leucovorin 20 mg/m(2) on days 2-5 every 21 days. This combination can be administered safely to this schedule if there is strict adherence to the 90 min infusion time for both CPT-11 and 5-FU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adjei
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pitot
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erlichman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000077146:Irinotecan; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin