title: Acetylcysteine protects against acute renal damage in patients with abnormal renal function undergoing a coronary procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the efficacy of the antioxidant acetylcysteine in limiting the nephrotoxicity after coronary procedures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The increasingly frequent use of contrast-enhanced imaging for diagnosis or intervention in patients with coronary artery disease has generated concern about the avoidance of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). Reactive oxygen species have been shown to cause CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 121 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (mean [+/-SD] serum creatinine concentration 2.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dl) who underwent a coronary procedure. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either acetylcysteine (400 mg orally twice daily) and 0.45% saline intravenously, before and after injection of the contrast agent, or placebo and 0.45% saline. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured before, 48 h and 7 days after the coronary procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen (14%) of the 121 patients had an increase in their serum creatinine concentration of at least 0.5 mg/dl at 48 h after administration of the contrast agent: 2 (3.3%) of the 60 patients in the acetylcysteine group and 15 (24.6%) of the 61 patients in the control group (p < 0.001). In the acetylcysteine group, the mean serum creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 2.5 +/- 1.0 mg/dl (p < 0.01) at 48 h after injection of the contrast medium, whereas in the control group, the mean serum creatinine concentration increased significantly from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 3.1 +/- 1.0 mg/dl (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic oral administration of the antioxidant acetylcysteine, along with hydration, reduces the acute renal damage induced by a contrast agent in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing a coronary procedure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. shyukg@ms12.hinet.net
authors.forename: Kou Gi
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.forename: Jun Jack
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Peiliang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuan
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D003404:Creatinine; D007479:Iopamidol; D000111:Acetylcysteine