title: Generation and iterative affinity maturation of antibodies in vitro using hypermutating B-cell lines.
abstract: We show that iterative antigen-mediated selection of B-cell lines that constitutively hypermutate their immunoglobulin V genes during culture can be exploited to generate antibodies in vitro. From Ramos, a hypermutating human B-cell line expressing IgM of unknown specificity, we derived descendants that exhibit stepwise improved binding to streptavidin. Binding is initially conferred by mutations in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), but maturation is due to strategic framework mutations. A more powerful system is provided by a hypermutating chicken B-lymphoma line, owing to its rapid proliferation, high rate of mutation accumulation, and genetic tractability. Starting from a single cell, we selected parallel lineages of derivatives, making mutated antibodies of increasing affinity to independent test antigens. Selection is initiated at an exceedingly low affinity threshold, but antibodies can be delivered with nanomolar affinities. The strategy could prove useful for in vitro generation of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies and may be extendable to the maturation of other protein-ligand interactions.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Laboratory of Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cumbers
authors.forename: Gareth T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Grenfell
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Facundo D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Julian E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Neuberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000915:Antibody Affinity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D051381:Rats; D012016:Reference Values; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D013205:Staphylococcal Protein A; D019809:Streptavidin