title: Unique methodological issues facing randomized controlled trials of endourologic procedures.
abstract: Randomized controlled trials provide the optimal design for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment but have not been widely accepted by surgical investigators. Although there are several methodological and ethical difficulties, none is insurmountable. In the United Kingdom, a regulatory agency has been established to supervise the introduction of new medical procedures, and something similar might be seen in the United States, particularly given the pressure from the government and third-party payors for proof of efficacy and cost effectiveness. Endourologists have responded to similar challenges in the past and must continue to do so.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 61 Queen Street E, Suite 0193Q, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C 2T2. Kenneth.pace@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Kenneth T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: R John D'A
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Honey
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D011897:Random Allocation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014572:Urology