title: [Do psychological factors change in patients with spasmodic dysphonia after injections with botulinum-toxin?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pre-/posttherapeutic comparative study was carried out to investigate possible associations of voice symptoms, selected psychological factors and their changing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11 patients with spasmodic dysphonia (adductor-type) subjected to botulinum-toxin-therapy. Patients had received treatment without any complications for at least 2 years. During that period of time, they received a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 9 injections (mean: 6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychosocial data were measured before and after treatment using standardized psychological methods. The time span between measurements ranged from 1;8 to 4;6 years, with an average of 2;1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, no somatic disorder, no clinically meaningful states of anxiety or pathological manifestations of personality traits could be detected, neither pre- nor posttherapeutically. The average stress load caused by life-changing-events was unobtrusive. Before treatment, 5 of 11 patients had an affective disorder in terms of a depressed mood. This caused a higher than average mean depressivity score for the group as a whole. It was no longer found posttherapeutically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The depression is interpreted as a psychic reaction. An association between spasmodic voice symptoms and psychosocial genesis could not be proved.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany. ckiese@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiese-Himmel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reeh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liebeck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zwirner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012803:Sick Role; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A