title: Functional MRI of auditory cortex activated by multisite electrical stimulation of the cochlea.
abstract: Electrical stimulation of the ear of deaf patients via cochlear implants offers a unique occasion to study activity of central auditory pathways with fMRI, without bias due to scanner noise. Such measurements, however, require one to control the possible interference between fMRI acquisition and the implanted electrodes. A series of measurements on a customized phantom designed to characterize the level of induced currents during MRI acquisition is presented. These experiments demonstrate that the major artifactual contribution is due to radiofrequency interaction and that safe experimental conditions can be obtained with proper shielding of the stimulation cables. The induced currents could be reduced to low levels (<50 microA for a duration <2 ms), below the acoustic perceptual threshold of cochlear implant subjects. Subsequent fMRI experiments on a patient using an Ineraid cochlear implant were conducted. Results revealed bilateral localized activation of the primary auditory cortex. Stimulation of two different intracochlear electrodes elicited activity in two neighboring, but different, regions, in agreement with the known tonotopical organization of the auditory cortex. This work paves the way for fMRI studies of a broad selection of auditory paradigms without interference from unwanted noise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lazeyras
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boëx
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sigrist
authors.forename: Mohamed L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Seghier
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cosendai
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelizzone
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen