title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor directly affects human monocytes and modulates cytokine secretion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports have indicated that monocytes express receptors for the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The direct effects of G-CSF on cytokine secretion in monocytes were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A monocytic cell line NOMO-1 that secretes multiple cytokines upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used. Normal human monocytes were purified by negative selection using magnetic beads. Cells pretreated with or without G-CSF were stimulated with LPS, and the subsequent concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in supernatants were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NOMO-1 cells were found to express receptors for G-CSF. Although G-CSF stimulation did not induce cytokine secretion, pretreatment with G-CSF significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12 in NOMO-1 cells. Simultaneously, however, G-CSF pretreatment apparently enhanced LPS-induced secretion of IL-10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, whereas secretions of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 were unaffected. When normal human monocytes from healthy volunteers were similarly examined, marked individual variations in LPS-induced secretion of cytokines were observed. Although some exceptions exist, a similar tendency as to the effects of G-CSF treatment on cytokine secretions as that in NOMO-1 cells was observed in human monocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that G-CSF directly affects monocytes and modulates their cytokine secretion. NOMO-1 cells can provide an alternate model for in vitro culture of monocytes to investigate the effects of G-CSF on cytokine secretion by these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimori
authors.forename: Toyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yohko U
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016188:Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor