title: Antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor slows growth of an androgen-independent xenograft model of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human tumors are dependent on angiogenesis for growth, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of this process. We aimed to study clinical utility of a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody (rhu alpha VEGF) in the treatment of the CWR22R androgen-independent xenograft model of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  rhu alpha VEGF has previously shown clinical activity in several xenograft cancer models. We administered 5 mg/kg rhu alpha VEGF i.p. twice weekly as a single agent and together with paclitaxel to established CWR22R xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rhu alphaVEGF inhibited established tumor growth by 85% (P < 0.01 for trajectories of the average tumor volumes of the groups) at 3 weeks, but after cessation of rhu alpha VEGF treatment, tumor regrowth ensued. A paclitaxel dosage of 6.25 mg/kg s.c. five times/week slowed tumor growth (72% compared with controls at 3 weeks, P = 0.02). The combination of paclitaxel and rhu alpha VEGF resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth than that observed with either agent alone (98% growth inhibition, P = 0.024 versus rhualpha VEGF alone and P = 0.02 versus paclitaxel alone). Paclitaxel alone had no antiangiogenic effects at the dosage studied, whereas rhu alpha VEGF had significant inhibition of angiogenesis, noted by microvessel density and CD34 staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rhu alpha VEGF has cytostatic clinical activity in this androgen-independent prostate cancer xenograft model, and the addition of paclitaxel demonstrates increased clinical activity.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Prostate Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Maiese
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drobnjak
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordon-Cardo
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Scher
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Agus
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D017239:Paclitaxel