title: Chromosome-induced microtubule assembly mediated by TPX2 is required for spindle formation in HeLa cells.
abstract: In Xenopus laevis egg extracts, TPX2 is required for the Ran-GTP-dependent assembly of microtubules around chromosomes. Here we show that interfering with the function of the human homologue of TPX2 in HeLa cells causes defects in microtubule organization during mitosis. Suppressing the expression of human TPX2 by RNA interference leads to the formation of two microtubule asters that do not interact and do not form a spindle. Our results suggest that in vivo, even in the presence of duplicated centrosomes, spindle formation requires the function of TPX2 to generate a stable bipolar spindle with overlapping antiparallel microtubule arrays. This indicates that chromosome-induced microtubule production is a general requirement for the formation of functional spindles in animal cells.
authors.affiliation: EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69 117 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Gruss
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pepperkok
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kufer
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silljé
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karsenti
authors.forename: Iain W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Mattaj
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vernos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008938:Mitosis; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011485:Protein Binding; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase; D008941:Spindle Apparatus; D013997:Time Factors; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000378:metabolism; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein; D015739:Nocodazole