title: LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts inhibit the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts through the production of osteoprotegerin.
abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory bone disease caused by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, but the precise mechanism of bone destruction remains unknown. Activated T lymphocytes secrete receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and support the differentiation of monocytes into mature osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of RANKL and its inhibitor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), in inflamed gingival tissue and to clarify the role of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in osteoclastogenesis regulated by RANKL. HGFs and gingival mononuclear cells (GMCs) were obtained from chronic periodontitis patients during routine periodontal surgery. Expression of OPG and RANKL mRNA in gingival tissue and HGFs was examined with RT-PCR. OPG production was measured using ELISA. Expression of RANKL, CD4, CD8 and CD69 on GMCs was determined by flow-cytometry using RANK-Fc fusion protein and the respective monoclonal antibodies. Osteoclastogenesis by RANKL was assayed by counting the number of tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells after culturing human peripheral blood monocytes with recombinant human RANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 10 days. OPG and RANKL mRNA were expressed in 80% (16/20) and 25% (5/20) of periodontitis lesions, respectively. OPG, but not RANKL, mRNA was expressed within HGFs. OPG mRNA expression and production by HGFs was augmented by LPS stimulation. All GMC samples expressed CD69, and two of five GMC samples expressed RANKL. The culture supernatant of LPS-stimulated gingival fibroblasts significantly reduced the number of TRAP positive cells generated by culturing monocytes with RANKL and M-CSF. The present study suggests that LPS-stimulated HGFs inhibit monocyte differentiation into osteoclasts through the production of OPG.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering (Periodontology), Tokyo, Japan. toshiyuki-nagasawa.peri@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiji
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aramaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahanonda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morotome
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human