title: BLyS and APRIL form biologically active heterotrimers that are expressed in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases.
abstract: BLyS and APRIL are two members of the TNF superfamily that are secreted by activated myeloid cells and have costimulatory activity on B cells. BLyS and APRIL share two receptors, TACI and BCMA, whereas a third receptor, BAFF-R, specifically binds BLyS. Both BLyS and APRIL have been described as homotrimeric molecules, a feature common to members of the TNF superfamily. In this study, we show that APRIL and BLyS can form active heterotrimeric molecules when coexpressed and that circulating heterotrimers are present in serum samples from patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases. These findings raise the possibility that active BLyS/APRIL heterotrimers may play a role in rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases and that other members of the TNF ligand superfamily may also form active soluble heterotrimers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Antibody Development, Human Genome Sciences, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roschke
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sosnovtseva
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: June S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Rodger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stohl
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Bernardetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nardelli
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: Thi-Sau
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Migone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D053265:B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053265:B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor; C120197:BLyS receptor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C435926:TNFRSF13C protein, human; C114631:TNFSF13 protein, human; C486662:Tnfrsf13c protein, mouse; C491959:Tnfsf13 protein, mouse; D053300:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha