title: Lysine 213 and histidine 233 participate in Mn(II) binding and catalysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase catalyses the reversible metal-dependent formation of oxaloacetate and ATP from PEP, ADP, and CO2 and plays a key role in gluconeogenesis. This enzyme also has oxaloacetate decarboxylase and pyruvate kinase-like activities. Mutations of PEP carboxykinase have been constructed where the residues Lys213 and His233, two residues of the putative Mn2+ binding site of the enzyme, were altered. Replacement of these residues by Arg and by Gln, respectively, generated enzymes with 1.9 and 2.8 kcal/mol lower Mn2+ binding affinity. Lower PEP binding affinity was inferred for the mutated enzymes from the protection effect of PEP against urea denaturation. Kinetic studies of the altered enzymes show at least a 5000-fold reduction in V(max) for the primary reaction relative to that for the wild-type enzyme. V(max) values for the oxaloacetate decarboxylase and pyruvate kinase-like activities of PEP carboxykinase were affected to a much lesser extent in the mutated enzymes. The mutated enzymes show a decreased steady-state affinity for Mn2+ and PEP. The results are consistent with Lys213 and His233 being at the Mn2+ binding site of S. cerevisiae PEP carboxykinase and the Mn2+ affecting the PEP interaction. The different effects of mutations in V(max) for the main reaction and the secondary activities suggest different rate-limiting steps for these reactions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Santiago 33, Chile.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krautwurst
authors.forename: Hannetz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roschzttardtz
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bazaes
authors.forename: Fernando D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: González-Nilo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardemil
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP) / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D008345:Manganese; D006639:Histidine; D014508:Urea; D019764:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); D008239:Lysine