title: Hemostasis and fibrinolysis factors in first-degree relatives of patients with Type 2 diabetes without hypertension.
abstract: First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with or without a family history of hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to verify some possible hemostatic alterations in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic, normotensive and hypertensive patients. In 78 non-diabetic, normotensive first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (47 without a family history of hypertension and 31 with a family history of hypertension) and in 36 normoglycemic, normotensive subjects with no family history of hypertension, we evaluated plasma levels of fasting glucose and insulin, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator-inhibitor (PAI-1), D-dimer (DD) and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1+2). Insulin resistance, calculated by the HOMA model, and plasma levels of t-PA and PAI-1 were significantly higher in relatives of diabetics compared to controls. As far as the thrombin activation indexes are concerned, we detected a significant increase in DD and F1+2 in relatives of diabetics with hypertension compared to other study subjects. In conclusion, our data indicate that familial predisposition may influence the hemostatic system in first-degree relatives of diabetic and/or hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Italy. Aldo.Trifiletti@unime.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trifiletti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lasco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scamardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cincotta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaudio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frisina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D011516:Prothrombin; D012307:Risk Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator