title: Muscle deoxygenation as related to work rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The kinetics of the decrease in venous O(2) content in response to constant work rate exercise below the lactic acidosis threshold (LAT) is very rapid, reaching a constant value by approximately 1 min. However, for work rates above the LAT, a slow further decrease in venous O(2) content takes place that is attributable to the Bohr effect rather than further decrease in end capillary PO. We hypothesized that similar differences, with respect to the LAT, will be observed in muscle deoxygenation kinetics when studied with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve normal subjects performed three constant work rate tests from unloaded cycling at 60% of LAT, 80% LAT, each with four repetitions, and above LAT (LAT + 35% between LAT and VO(2max) three times, on a cycle ergometer for 6 min. We measured tissue deoxygenation with NIRS, with the probe over the vastus lateralis muscle, time-averaging the repetitions. Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were measured breath-by-breath and beat-by-beat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue deoxygenation kinetics were significantly faster than VO(2) and HR at 60%- and 80%-LAT work rates. By 1 min of exercise, deoxygenation was constant for the work rate below the LAT. At 30 s, tissue deoxygenation was 70-95% complete, whereas VO(2) and HR were only 30-60% complete. For the work rate above the LAT, a steady state for muscle deoxygenation was not reached during the 6 min of exercise. After 1 min of above-LAT exercise, either one of two patterns of slow change in tissue oxygenation developed, deoxygenation or reoxygenation. It is postulated that these different responses might be due to effects of the exercise lactic acidosis. H accompanying lactate increase might cause further deoxygenation due to the Bohr effect, and acidosis-induced vasodilatation might cause reoxygenation after the initial deoxygenation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) The kinetics of tissue deoxygenation are significantly more rapid than VO(2) and HR kinetics at all work rates studied, and 2) steady-state in tissue deoxygenation is seen by 1 min of constant work rate exercise below the LAT, but this is much delayed for work rates above the LAT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Lung
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Xing-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Frank Y-L
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Karlman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wasserman
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors