title: Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2Bepsilon in skeletal muscle during sepsis.
abstract: We reported that the inhibition of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle during sepsis correlated with reduced eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B activity. The present studies define changes in eIF2Bepsilon phosphorylation in gastrocnemius of septic animals. eIF2B kinase activity was significantly elevated 175% by sepsis compared with sterile inflammation, whereas eIF2B phosphatase activity was unaffected. Phosphorylation of eIF2Bepsilon-Ser(535) was significantly augmented over 2-fold and 2.5-fold after 3 and 5 days and returned to control values after 10 days of sepsis. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a potential upstream kinase responsible for the elevated phosphorylation of eIF2Bepsilon, was significantly reduced over 36 and 41% after 3 and 5 days and returned to control values after 10 days of sepsis. The phosphorylation of PKB, a kinase thought to directly phosphorylate and inactivate GSK-3, was significantly reduced approximately 50% on day 3, but not on days 5 or 10, postinfection compared with controls. Treatment of septic rats with TNF-binding protein prevented the sepsis-induced changes in eIF2Bepsilon and GSK-3 phosphorylation, implicating TNF in mediating the effects of sepsis. Thus increased phosphorylation of eIF2Bepsilon via activation of GSK-3 is an important mechanism to account for the inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis during sepsis. Furthermore, the study presents the first demonstration of changes in eIF2Bepsilon phosphorylation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA. tvary@psu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vary
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deiter
authors.forename: Scot R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kimball
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D020717:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; C069521:recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-binding protein-1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases