title: The first technique for non-invasive measurements of volumetric ophthalmic artery blood flow in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the first non-invasive measurements of volumetric ophthalmic artery blood flow in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ophthalmic arteries of healthy normal adults were examined by Advanced Technology Laboratories (ATL, a subsidiary of Phillips Medical Systems Inc) high definition imaging (HDI) 5000 colour Doppler imaging ultrasound with a 5-12 MHZ probe. A group of 14 subjects for experiment 1 and a group of 10 subjects for experiments 2 and 3 were selected, with the examined eye chosen randomly. Peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end diastolic velocities (EDV) of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were measured and recorded. Cineloops (cinegraphic videos) of the ophthalmic arteries were then recorded with the ATL HDI 5000 and values for ophthalmic artery blood flow were produced offline using experimental analysis software. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare blood flow measurements with PSV and EDV measurements in the ophthalmic artery. In two follow up experiments, intraobserver variation in obtaining cineloops and the interanalyser variability in cineloop analysis were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volumetric flow correlated with ophthalmic artery PSV and EDV (p = 0.02, r(2) = 0.5). There was no correlation with the cental retinal artery. The intraobserver coefficient of variation in obtaining cineloops was 29.89% for blood flow, 19.07% for diameter, and 22.27% for velocity. The coefficients of variation of the measurements of the two cineloop analysers were 40.21% for blood flow, 22.71% for diameter, and 26.34% for velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cineloop analysis produces ophthalmic artery flow measurements which correlate with PSV and EDV, suggesting validity. The intraobserver variation and cineloop analyser variation were found to be in the acceptable range.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kagemann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kopecky
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Sheets
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rechtman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalish
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color