title: Peracetic acid as an alternative wastewater disinfectant to chlorine dioxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of peracetic acid with that of chlorine dioxide in the disinfection of wastewater from a sewage treatment plant (serving about 650 000 inhabitants) that has been using peracetic acid as a disinfectant since 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 samplings were made, each consisting of three samples: from secondary effluent, effluent disinfected with 2 mg l(-1) of peracetic acid and effluent disinfected with 2.2 mg l(-1) of chlorine dioxide (contact time 20 min). For each sample, measurements were made of the heterotrophic plate count at 36 degrees C, total and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, pH, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand (COD). During the first phase of the experiment the peracetic acid was seen to be less efficient than chlorine dioxide. To improve the disinfectant action a system of mechanical agitation was added which led to a greater efficiency in the inactivation of bacteria of faecal origin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both products were found to be influenced by the level of microbial contamination, the amount of suspended solids and COD but not by the pH of the effluent before disinfection. The immediate mixing of the wastewater and disinfectant caused a greater reduction in enterococci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since peracetic acid was seen to produce a high abatement of micro-organisms, it can be considered as a valid alternative to chlorine dioxide in the disinfection of wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Hygiene, University of Bologna, Italy. serenata@alma.unibo.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stampi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onorato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ambrogiani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000191:economics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; D012722:Sewage; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D010463:Peracetic Acid