title: Two-dimensional complementary deoxyribonucleic acid electrophoresis revealing up-regulated human epididymal protein-1 and down-regulated CL-100 in thyroid papillary carcinoma.
abstract: Two-dimensional cDNA electrophoresis was used to analyze gene expressions in papillary carcinoma and normal tissue of thyroid glands. Pooled thyroid tissues were used to extract mRNA. Complementary DNAs, synthesized with NotI anchor primers, were digested with three restriction enzymes, NotI, EcoRV, and PvuII. The protruding NotI ends were filled in with (32)P deoxynucleotide triphosphates, and the radiolabeled cDNA fragments were separated in two dimensions. Approximately 500 cDNA fragments were visualized as discrete spots without probes. A total of 20 spots, 9 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated cDNAs in papillary carcinoma, were selected and cloned for sequencing. This experiment lent itself to a novel discovery of up-regulated human epididymal protein 1 (HE-1) and down-regulated CL-100 genes in thyroid papillary carcinomas confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Immunohistochemical stains showed abundant HE-1 protein in the papillary carcinoma, whereas little or no HE-1 protein was detected in other types of thyroid cancers and normal thyroid tissues. The restricted localization of HE-1 protein to the portions of papillary projections suggests an involvement of HE-1 protein for forming papillary shape. Our study showed that two-dimensional cDNA electrophoresis is a useful method of detecting differentially expressed genes in human diseases as demonstrated for HE-1 and CL-100 in papillary carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan. asakawa@rerf.or.jp
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagataki
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moatamed
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugawara
mesh_terms: D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis*; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C104585:NPC2 protein, human; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C025630:CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C027440:GATATC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; C038565:GCGGCCGC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases