Containment of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in vaccinated macaques: correlation with the magnitude of virus-specific pre- and postchallenge CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
Macaques infected with the SIV strain SIVmac251 develop a disease closely resembling human AIDS characterized by high viremia, progressive loss of CD4(+) T cells, occurrence of opportunistic infection, cachexia, and lymphomas. We report in this study that vaccination with the genetically attenuated poxvirus vector expressing the structural Ags of SIVmac (NYVAC-SIV-gag, pol, env) in combination with priming with DNA-SIV-gag, env resulted in significant suppression of viremia within 2 mo after mucosal exposure to the highly pathogenic SIVmac251 in the majority of vaccinated macaques. The control of viremia in these macaques was long lasting and inversely correlated to the level of both pre- and postchallenge Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses, as well as to the level of total SIV-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses at the peak of acute viremia as detected by intracellular cytokine-staining assay. Viremia containment also correlated with the frequency of the immunodominant Gag(181-189)CM9 epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells present before the challenge or expanded during acute infection. These data indicate, for the first time, the importance of vaccine-induced CD4(+) Th cell responses as an immune correlate of viremia containment. The results presented in this work also further demonstrate the potential of a DNA-prime/attenuated poxvirus-boost vaccine regimen in an animal model that well mirrors human AIDS.
Hel
Zdenek
Z
Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nacsa
Janos
J
Tryniszewska
Elzbieta
E
Tsai
Wen-Po
WP
Parks
Robyn Washington
RW
Montefiori
David C
DC
Felber
Barbara K
BK
Tartaglia
James
J
Pavlakis
George N
GN
Franchini
Genoveffa
G
D000208:Acute Disease; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000276:immunology; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA