title: Computerised intrapartum diagnosis of fetal hypoxia based on fetal heart rate monitoring and fetal pulse oximetry recordings utilising wavelet analysis and neural networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a computerised system that will assist the early diagnosis of fetal hypoxia and to investigate the relationship between the fetal heart rate variability and the fetal pulse oximetry recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective off-line analysis of cardiotocogram and FSpO2 recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Maternity Unit of the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one women of more than 37 weeks of gestation were monitored throughout labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiresolution wavelet analysis was applied in each 10-minute period of second stage of labour focussing on long term variability changes in different frequency ranges and statistical analysis was performed in the associated 10-minute FSpO2 recordings. Self-organising map neural network was used to categorise the different 10-minute fetal heart rate patterns and the associated 10-minute FSpO2 recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical artery pH of < or = 7.20 and Apgar score at 5 minutes of < or = 7 formed the inclusion criteria of the risk group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After using k-means clustering algorithm, the two-dimensional output layer of the self-organising map neural network was divided into three distinct clusters. All the cases that mapped in cluster 3 belonged in the risk group except one. The sensitivity of the system was 83.3% and the specificity 97.9% for the detection of risk group cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship between the fetal heart rate variability in different frequency ranges and the time in which FSpO2 is less than 30% was noticed. Fetal pulse oximetry seems to be an important additional source of information. Computerised analysis of the fetal heart rate monitoring and pulse oximetry recordings is a promising technique in objective intrapartum diagnosis of fetal hypoxia. Further evaluation of this technique is mandatory to evaluate its efficacy and reliability in interpreting fetal heart rate recordings.
authors.affiliation: Maternity Unit of the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salamalekis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannaris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salloum
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasios
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prentza
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koutsouris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015148:Cardiotocography / Q000379:methods*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen