title: Effect of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 gene on adiposity, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in the Spanish population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of the Pro12Ala peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma-2 polymorphism in the susceptibility to the insulin resistance syndrome and its metabolic complications in a population-based nationwide multicenter study in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  464 unrelated adults (45.3% men and 54.7% women) aged between 35 and 64 years were randomly chosen from a nationwide population-based survey of obesity and related conditions including insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric determinations included: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter; biochemical determinations included: fasting plasma glucose concentration and concentration 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin and insulin. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also measured. Genotyping of the PPARgamma-2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ala12 allele frequency was higher in obese men than in lean men (0.15 vs 0.08, P=0.03). Men carriers of the Ala12 allele had a higher BMI than non-carriers (38.9% vs 21.3%; adjusted odds ratio 2.36, 95% confidence interval 1.10-5.05, P=0.03). However, despite higher BMI obese men carriers of the Ala12 allele had lower sagittal abdominal diameter than Pro12 homozygotes (24.1+/-3.2 vs 26.3+/-2.5 cm, P=0.01). The Ala12 allele was associated with lower total triglycerides levels in the overall population and it was also associated with lower fasting insulin levels and a higher insulin sensitivity by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma-2 gene promotes peripheral deposition of adipose tissue and increased insulin sensitivity for a given BMI. The results in women might be due to their different adipose tissue distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: González Sánchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano Ríos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández Perez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez Larrad
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D013030:Spain; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol