title: Seroprevalence of avian paramyxovirus 1, 2, and 3 in captive and free-living birds of prey in Spain (preliminary results): implications for management of wild and captive populations.
abstract: Since December 1997, 700 blood plasma samples from 31 different species of captive and free-living birds of prey from Spain were analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the presence of antibodies to avian paramyxovirus (aPMV) 1,2, and 3. Out of 700 birds, 120 tested positive for aPMV-1, 10 birds had antibodies to aPMV-2, and 4 birds tested positive against aPMV-3. Prevalence of antibodies against aPMV-1 was significantly higher in captive than in free-living birds of prey and in Falconiformes than in Strigidae and Accipitridae. Infection or exposure in captive birds may be due to the use of avian-derived food in rehabilitation and captive-breeding centers. This may be of concern at the time of reintroduction of these birds into free-living populations.
authors.affiliation: Aquila Foundation and Centro de Estudios de Rapaces Ibéricas (JCCM), 45671 Sevilleja de la Jara, Toledo, Spain. Uholfeh@nexo.es
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Höfle
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kaleta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D018109:Avulavirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020304:Raptors; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D020305:Strigiformes
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral