title: Fasting plasma concentrations of selected flavonoids as markers of their ordinary dietary intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary flavonoids, especially flavonols, are discussed as potentially preventive agents in the etiology of diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. However, their consideration in epidemiologic studies is hampered by difficulties in exposure assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  By comparison with dietary intake estimates, fasting plasma flavonoid concentrations should be evaluated as possible biomarkers of the ordinary dietary intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  7-d dietary records were completed by 48 healthy female students. Flavonoid intake was estimated by means of available literature data on the flavonoid content of foods. Fasting plasma samples were taken at the end of the record period for flavonoid determination (HPLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean intake estimates (7-d period) of quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and hesperetin amounted to 17.9, 4.7, 12.1, and 17.4 mg/d, respectively; the corresponding mean plasma concentrations were 22.9, 10.7, 8.2, and 22.2 nmol/l. For all four flavonoids significant correlations between 7d-intake results and fasting plasma concentrations (r = 0.30-0.46, p < 0.05) existed. As expected from the known short elimination half-life of some plasma flavonoids, distinctly higher correlation coefficients were found for the relationship between intake estimates for the last day before blood sampling and the fasting plasma concentrations (r = 0.42-0.64; p < 0.01). The intraindividual variation in fasting plasma flavonoid concentrations during ad libitum intake was found to be rather high (mean coefficient of variation between 82 and 91 %; n = 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flavonoid content in fasting plasma samples seems to be a suitable biomarker of short-term intake and a possible biomarker of the medium-term intake. Due to the high intraindividual variation the combined use of plasma flavonoid concentrations and dietary intake estimates may be the best choice in epidemiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, TU München, Alte Akademie 16, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolfram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005215:Fasting; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D044948:Flavonols; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; C028610:flavanone