title: Expression of Gsalpha, connexin-43, connexin-26, and EP1, 3, and 4 receptors in myometrium of prelabor singleton versus multiple gestations and the effects of mechanical stretch and steroids on Gsalpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that multiple pregnancies would be associated with altered expression of the following three groups of proteins that are key regulators of myometrial function: (i) Gsalpha, (ii) connexins-43 and 26, and (iii) prostanoid EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro model was used to determine the effects of mechanical stretch on myometrial cell Gsalpha expression. Then the effects of the steroid hormones beta-estradiol and progesterone were tested on Gsalpha expression in vitro. All in vitro studies were performed using myometrium from nonlaboring women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the expression of Gsalpha, prostaglandin E2 receptors, or gap junction proteins in myometrium of singleton versus multiple pregnancies. Mechanical stretch did not alter Gsalpha expression in vitro, and Gsalpha expression was unaffected by steroid hormones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the methods whereby stretch can promote myometrial contraction are complex or require additional factors than those tested here. Alternatively, cases of multiple gestation that do not result in preterm labor perhaps compensate for the increased stretch by preventing aberrant expression of the proteins investigated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill, Glasgow, United Kingdom. f.lyall@udcf.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lyall
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lye
authors.forename: Tiong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000072259:Connexin 26; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000235:genetics*; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C545635:PTGER1 protein, human; C545647:PTGER3 protein, human; C545650:PTGER4 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D000072259:Connexin 26; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D004247:DNA; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs