title: Targeting p38 MAPK inhibits multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow milieu.
abstract: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a member of the MAPK family which is activated by cytokines and growth factors, but its role in pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-745 inhibits interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), without affecting their viability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced IL-6 secretion in BMSCs is also inhibited by VX-745. Importantly, VX-745 inhibits both MM cell proliferation and IL-6 secretion in BMSCs triggered by adherence of MM cells to BMSCs, suggesting that it can inhibit paracrine MM cell growth in the BM milieu and overcome cell adhesion-related drug resistance. These studies therefore identify p38 MAPK as a novel therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcome in MM.
authors.affiliation: Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlossman
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008222:Lymphokines; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C464966:VX-745