title: Home gardens focusing on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables increase the serum retinol concentrations of 2-5-y-old children in South Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables at the household level may provide economically deprived households with direct access to provitamin A-rich foods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine whether the dietary intake of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables and the serum retinol concentrations of children improve with a home-gardening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  A home-gardening program was integrated with a community-based growth-monitoring system in a rural village. Cross-sectional data were collected at baseline and 20 mo after implementation of the program. The dietary intake, serum retinol concentrations, and growth of 2-5-y-old children and maternal knowledge regarding vitamin A were determined. A neighboring village served as a control village.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the experimental village, 126 home gardens were established, representing approximately one-third of the households. Serum retinol concentrations in the experimental village increased significantly (P = 0.0078), whereas those in the control village decreased significantly (P = 0.0148). At follow-up, children from the experimental village consumed yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables more often and had significantly higher (P = 0.005) serum retinol concentrations (0.81 +/- 0.22 micro mol/L; n = 110) than did children from the control village (0.73 +/- 0.19 micro mol/L; n = 111). Maternal knowledge regarding vitamin A improved significantly in the experimental village (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A home-gardening program that was integrated with a primary health care activity, linked to nutrition education, and focused on the production of yellow and dark-green leafy vegetables significantly improved the vitamin A status of 2-5-y-old children in a rural village in South Africa.
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Intervention Research Unit of the Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa. mieke.faber@mrc.ac.za
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Michael A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Phungula
authors.forename: Sonja L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dhansay
authors.forename: A J Spinnler
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Benadé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D017028:Caregivers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa; D014675:Vegetables; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A