title: Carnitine inhibits arachidonic acid turnover, platelet function, and oxidative stress.
abstract: Carnitine is a physiological cellular constituent that favors intracellular fatty acid transport, whose role on platelet function and O(2) free radicals has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to seek whether carnitine interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function. Carnitine (10-50 microM) was able to dose dependently inhibit arachidonic acid incorporation into platelet phospholipids and agonist-induced arachidonic acid release. Incubation of platelets with carnitine dose dependently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane A(2) formation, and Ca(2+) mobilization, without affecting phospholipase A(2) activation. Furthermore, carnitine inhibited platelet superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation elicited by arachidonic acid and collagen. To explore the underlying mechanism, arachidonic acid-stimulated platelets were incubated with NADPH. This study showed an enhanced platelet O(2)(-) formation, suggesting a role for NADPH oxidase in arachidonic acid-mediated platelet O(2)(-) production. Incubation of platelets with carnitine significantly reduced arachidonic acid-mediated NADPH oxidase activation. Moreover, the activation of protein kinase C was inhibited by 50 microM carnitine. This study shows that carnitine inhibits arachidonic acid accumulation into platelet phospholipids and in turn platelet function and arachidonic acid release elicited by platelet agonists.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lenti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanguigni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Gazzaniga
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pulcinelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Violi
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D002331:Carnitine; D002118:Calcium