title: Lysophosphatidylcholine stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is a proatherogenic factor that is responsible for approximately 60% of plaque macrophages in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), enriched in oxidized low density lipoprotein, can modulate the expression of MCP-1 in arterial wall cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPC induced a 3-fold increase in MCP-1 mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nuclear runon analysis showed that this increase was attributable to increased MCP-1 gene transcription. There was a 2-fold increase in MCP-1 protein in the conditioned media of cells treated with LPC. LPC-associated increases of MCP-1 mRNA and protein were similar to those produced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, a known inducer of MCP-1. Analyses of the MCP-1 promoter in transiently transfected VSMCs indicated an LPC-responsive element(s) between base pairs -146 and -261 (relative to transcription initiation). Further studies suggested that LPC-induced MCP-1 expression partially involves mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, a tyrosine kinase(s), and (to a lesser extent) protein kinase C but not the activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPC stimulates MCP-1 expression at the transcriptional level in VSMCs, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which LPC contributes to the atherogenicity of oxidized low density lipoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: James X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Taubman
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases