title: Homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 as risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in a Southeast Asian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocysteinaemia is an emerging risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and most studies done to date are in Caucasian populations. We aimed to determine whether hyperhomocysteinaemia is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Southeast Asian population comprising different ethnic groups and relate it to the traditional risk factors and plasma vitamin B12 and folate levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study comprising 168 AMI patients and 141 controls with a median age of 55 years (range, 27 to 77 years), living in Singapore. Homocysteine was measured by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay and vitamin B12 and folate were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Logistic regression analysis was use to test the association of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate with the occurrence of AMI. The study was approved by the Tan Tock Seng Ethics Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the odds of having AMI was higher for subjects with hypertension, smoking habit, lower plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels and non-Chinese ethnic group. On the other hand, plasma homocysteine level was not significantly associated with AMI. The baseline levels of plasma total homocysteine in both AMI patients and controls were higher than other studies (median values between 12 and 14 umol/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our population, plasma total homocysteine levels were not associated with AMI but low plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12 were independently associated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Q W
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007118:Immunoassay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12