title: Clinical comparison of standard-dose and 50% reduced-dose abdominal CT: effect on image quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that radiation doses for abdominal CT could be reduced by adjusting the dose for a patient's weight and cross-sectional abdominal dimensions, with the resultant scans still being of diagnostic quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a multidetector CT scanner, we prospectively studied 39 patients who were 65 years and older who had a known history of cancer. After performing a diagnostic contrast-enhanced CT examination, we obtained four slices each (centered at the top of the right kidney) at a standard radiation dose (240-300 mA) and at a 50% reduced dose (120-150 mA) at a constant kilovoltage of 140. Scans were obtained during a single breath-hold, with a 2.5-mm detector configuration and a slice pitch of 6:1. Reconstructed slice thickness was 5 mm. In a blinded review, two radiologists rated the randomized CT scans for overall image quality and anatomic details of liver, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, and abdominal wall, using a 5-point scale (1 = unacceptable, 2 = substandard, 3 = acceptable, 4 = above average, and 5 = superior). Patients' weight and abdominal circumference, area, and anteroposterior and transverse diameters were correlated with image quality of scans obtained at standard-dose and 50% reduced-dose CT. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the image quality score was significantly higher (p < 0.005) on the scans obtained with standard-dose CT. No statistically significant difference in image quality was noted in the 50% reduced- and standard-dose CT scans in patients who weighed less than 180 lb, or 81 kg, (p > 0.05) and who had a transverse abdominal diameter of less than 34.5 cm (p > 0.05), an anteroposterior diameter of less than 28 cm (p > 0.05), a cross-sectional circumference of less than 105 cm (p > 0.05), and a cross-sectional area of less than 800 cm(2) (p > 0.05). Good interobserver agreement (p > 0.5) was found between the two reviewing radiologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal CT scan quality appears to be acceptable even with a 50% reduction in radiation dose except in patients with large anthropometric measurements. A reduction in CT radiation dose is possible if the tube current is optimized for the patient's weight and abdominal dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, White 270-E, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Mannudeep K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kalra
authors.forename: Srinivasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Elkan F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Thrall
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rhea
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed