title: Nonresonant Raman imaging of protein distribution in single human cells.
abstract: A confocal Raman microscope is used to study the protein distribution inside biological cells. It is shown that high quality Raman imaging of the protein distribution can be obtained using confocal nonresonant Raman imaging (lambda(exc) = 647.1 nm). The results are shown for two different human cell types. Perpheral blood lymphocytes are used as an example of the fully maturated cells with a low level of nuclear transcription. Human eye lens epithelial cells are used as an example of cells with a high level of nuclear activity. The protein distribution in both cell types is completely different. The nuclear distribution of the protein largely varies in the peripheral blood lymphocyte cells, while proteins are more homogenously distributed over the nuclear space in the eye lens epithelial cells. The imaging time is approximately 20 min for a field of view of 10 x 10 microm(2). The size of the sampling volume is 1.4 fL using a full width at half-maximum criterion along the z axis and a 1/e(2) criterion in the xy plane. The results presented here indicate that Raman imaging is particularly of interest in the study of cellular processes, like phagocytosis, apoptosis, chromatin compaction, and cellular differentiation, which are accompanied by relatively large-scale redistributions of the materials.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology Institute, Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. n.uzunbajakava@tn.utwente.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzunbajakava
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenferink
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kraan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Willekens
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vrensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otto
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins