title: Gloves and socks syndrome: early and late histopathologic features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gloves and socks syndrome (GSS) is a recently described exanthem, most commonly caused by parvovirus B19.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to describe both early and late histopathologic features of GSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens from a case of GSS and reviewed all the English-language literature reports of GSS to compare the reported histologic descriptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 46 cases of GSS have been reported in the English-language literature. In 18 of those, the pathologic features were described. The histologic features of the current case evolved from a nonspecific superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate to a vacuolar interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, erythrocyte extravasation, and a superficial perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early lesions of GSS show nonspecific features common to viral exanthems. The late features, of a fully evolved exanthem, demonstrate a vacuolar interface dermatitis with necrotic keratinocytes, a superficial perivascular and interstitial infiltrate, and dermal hemorrhage. These late pathologic features, together with the clinical appearance of GSS, may help distinguish it from other entities.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium at Brooke Army Medical Center and Wilford Hall Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. sidneybsmith@pol.net
authors.forename: Sidney B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lester F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Libow
authors.forename: Dirk M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Elston
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bernert
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Warschaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D005076:Exanthema / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome