title: A comparison of three scoring systems for mortality risk among retrieved intensive care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of two paediatric intensive care unit retrieval teams on the performance of three mortality risk scoring systems: pre-ICU PRISM, PIM, and PRISM II.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 928 critically ill children retrieved for intensive care from district general hospitals in the south east of England (crude mortality 7.8%) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk stratification was similar between the two retrieval teams for scores utilising data primarily prior to ICU admission (pre-ICU PRISM, PIM), despite differences in case mix. The fewer variables required for calculation of PIM resulted in complete data collection in 88% of patients, compared to pre-ICU PRISM (24%) and PRISM II (60%). Overall, all scoring systems discriminated well between survival and non-survival (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.83-0.87), with no differences between the two hospitals. There was a tendency towards better discrimination in all scores for children compared to infants and neonates, and a poor discrimination for respiratory disease using pre-ICU PRISM and PRISM II but not PIM. All showed suboptimal calibration, primarily as a consequence of mortality over prediction among the medium (10-30%) mortality risk bands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PIM appears to offer advantages over the other two scores in terms of being less affected by the retrieval process and easier to collect. Recalibration of all scoring systems is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. shane.tibby@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tibby
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatherill
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durward
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Murdoch
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D004739:England; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index