title: Management strategy for arterial priapism: therapeutic dilemmas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present 7 cases of arterial high flow priapism and propose management algorithms for the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 2 children and 5 adults with posttraumatic arterial priapism. Blood gas analysis and color Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa confirmed the diagnosis in 4 adults, while 1 patient had already undergone cavernous artery ligation in elsewhere. In the children perineal compression resulted in detumescence, a sign that is proposed to be indicative of the diagnosis of arterial priapism (piesis sign) complementing physical examination. Mechanical compressive force was applied to the perineum of 1 boy, while the other received a watchful waiting program. All adults participated in an observation regimen except 1, who decided to undergo immediate embolization of the internal pudendal artery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perineal compression led to the resolution of priapism in 1 child, while spontaneous resolution was noted in the other. An adult noticed spontaneous penile detumescence 3 to 4 months after trauma, which was attributable to site specific venous leakage and decreased, inflow in the contralateral cavernous artery. The patient underwent venous surgery and is on an intracavernous injection regimen. Successful embolization of the internal pudendal artery was performed immediately in 1 man and in the other 4 months after trauma due to social inconvenience. Adult patient 3 is still on the watchful waiting protocol (42 months), while the one who underwent cavernous artery ligation is receiving treatment for erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absent of long-term damaging effects of arterial priapism on erectile tissue combined with the possibility of spontaneous resolution or progressive concomitant hemodynamic abnormalities associated with blunt perineal trauma are suggestive of the introduction of an observation period in the management algorithm of high flow priapism. Such a period may help avoid unnecessary intervention and determine the impact of priapism on patient personal life. Perineal compression may be also added as part of the physical examination as a sign specifically indicative of arterial priapism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Hippocration General Hospital, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatzichristou
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salpiggidis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatzimouratidis
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apostolidis
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tzortzis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saripoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply*; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries; D011312:Pressure; D011317:Priapism / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications