title: Improving the Action Research Arm test: a unidimensional hierarchical scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Action Research Arm (ARA) test is a performance test of upper extremity motor function which consists of 19 items divided into four hierarchical subtests. This multidimensionality has not yet been tested empirically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the dimensionality of the ARA test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study involving a sample of 63 chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Mokken scale analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Mokken scale analysis revealed one strong unidimensional scale containing all 19 items, of which the scalability coefficient H was 0.79, while H per item ranged from 0.69 to 0.86. The reliability coefficient rho equalled 0.98, indicating a very high internal consistency. A subset of 15 out of 19 items showed an invariant hierarchical item-ordering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ARA test is a unidimensional scale. The use of subtests, as proposed in the original description of the instrument, is not supported by the present findings. The 15-item scale presented here can be used for adaptive testing, i.e. using only a selected subset of items based on prior knowledge about the patient's abilities, thus minimizing testing time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jh.vanderlee@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Johanna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Lee
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beckerman
authors.forename: Gustaaf J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lankhorst
authors.forename: Lex M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology