Effect of macronutrient composition of the diet on the regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue at rest and during exercise: microdialysis study.
The aim of the present study was to elucidate, using a microdialysis technique, whether modifications in the proportion of fat in the diet influence lipid mobilization from adipose tissue in situ. Nine healthy volunteers (age, 23.4 +/- 0.2 years; body mas index [BMI], 23.5 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) were fed, in random order, with a high-fat diet (HFD) (65% of energy content fat, 15% protein, 20% carbohydrate) or a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) (70% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 15% fat) for 5 days, with a washout period of 10 days between the diets. Subjects were studied in the fasting state on the morning following days 4 and 5 of each diet. We measured the concentration of extracellular glycerol (EGC) in adipose tissue in response to (1) pharmacologic stimulation with isoprenaline (1 and 10 micromol/L) in situ, (2) stimulation with intravenous infusion of epinephrine (0.0375 microg/min/kg body weight), and (3) submaximal aerobic exercise (50% V*O2max, 60-minute duration). No effect of the diet composition was found in the increases of EGC in response to isoprenaline (area under the curve [AUC]: HFD, 1,534 +/- 370 micromol/90 min; HCD, 1,108 +/- 465 micromol/90 min; not significant [NS]) or epinephrine stimulations (AUC: HFD, 190 +/- 92 micromol/30 min; HCD, 251 +/- 298 micromol/30 min; NS). The exercise-induced increase in EGC was higher during the HFD (AUC: HFD, 1,641 +/- 181 micromol/60 min; HCD, 963 +/- 156 micromol/60 min; P <.05) and was associated with a higher exercise-induced response of norepinephrine (P <.05) and epinephrine (P =.056) and lower insulinemia during exercise. The results suggest that macronutrient composition of diet does not affect the beta-adrenergic responsiveness of adipose tissue to catecholamine action at rest. During exercise, the HFD promotes higher lipolysis in adipose tissue and this is associated with a higher catecholamine response and lower insulinemia.
Suljkovicova
Hana
H
Department of Sports Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic.
Marion-Latard
Fabrice
F
Hejnova
Jindra
J
Majercik
Marek
M
Crampes
François
F
De Glisezinski
Isabelle
I
Berlan
Michel
M
Rivière
Daniel
D
Stich
Vladimir
V
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006728:Hormones; D007545:Isoproterenol; D005990:Glycerol; D004837:Epinephrine