title: Issues in identifying asthma and estimating prevalence in an urban school population.
abstract: This article first presents salient issues related to identifying children in urban schools who might benefit from asthma services. It discusses a brief questionnaire for identifying cases and problems in estimating asthma prevalence. Subsequently, results of case detection in 14 urban schools are presented and discussed in light of these issues. The questionnaire was employed with parents of 4,653 African-American children in Detroit. Results suggest that determining number, type, and frequency of symptoms may be necessary to ascertain prevalence of asthma. Using only number and type produced a rate of asthma of 25%. Adding frequency provided a more conservative estimate of 19%. About 9% of children exhibiting symptoms of asthma had no physician diagnosis. Only 25% with symptoms reflecting mild persistent, 35% with moderate persistent, and 26% with severe persistent disease had prescriptions for anti-inflammatory medicine. Further, 23% of children with asthma-like symptoms had no prescription for asthma medicine of any type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) low-cost procedures can be used in schools to identify children with suspected undiagnosed and undertreated asthma; (2) prevalence estimates for asthma in the group of urban school children studied are among the highest in the United States; and (3) asthma is undertreated in this sample.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan School of Public Health, 109 S. Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. nmclark@umich.edu
authors.forename: Noreen M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Christine L M
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Manlan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population