title: Hospital outcomes in patients presenting with congestive heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine treatment and outcomes in patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although cardiogenic shock complicating AMI has been studied extensively, the hospital course of patients presenting with CHF is less well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2) was analyzed to determine hospital outcomes for patients with ST-elevation AMI admitted with CHF (Killip classes II or III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 190,518 patients with AMI, 36,303 (19.1%) had CHF on admission. Patients presenting with CHF were older (72.6 +/- 12.5 vs. 63.2 +/- 13.5 years), more often female (46.8% vs. 32.1%), had longer time to hospital presentation (2.80 +/- 2.6 vs. 2.50 +/- 2.4 h), and had higher prevalence of anterior/septal AMI (38.8% vs. 33.3%), diabetes (33.1% vs. 19.5%), and hypertension (54.6% vs. 46.1%) (all p < 0.0005). Also, they had longer lengths of stay (8.1 +/- 7.1 vs. 6.8 +/- 5.3 days, p < 0.00005) and greater risk for in-hospital death (21.4% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.0005). Patients with CHF were less likely to receive aspirin (75.7% vs. 89.0%), heparin (74.6% vs. 91.1%), oral beta-blockers (27.0% vs. 41.7%), fibrinolytics (33.4% vs. 58.0%), or primary angioplasty (8.6% vs. 14.6%), and more likely to receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (25.4% vs. 13.0%). Congestive heart failure on admission was one of the strongest predictors of in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.62, 1.75).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with AMI presenting with CHF are at higher risk for adverse in-hospital outcomes. Despite this, they are less likely to be treated with reperfusion therapy and medications with proven mortality benefit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Audrey H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Every
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors