Scavenger receptors in neurobiology and neuropathology: their role on microglia and other cells of the nervous system.
Scavenger receptor class A (SR-A, CD204), scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI), and CD36 are cell surface proteins that mediate cell adhesion to, and endocytosis of, various native and pathologically modified substances, and participate in intracellular signaling, lipid metabolism, and host defense against bacterial pathogens. Microglia, Mato cells, astrocytes, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells express one or more of these SR. Expression of SR-A and SR-BI by microglia is developmentally regulated. Neonatal microglia express SR-A and SR-BI, while microglia in normal mouse and human adult brain express neither. Astrocytes in adult brain express SR-BI. In Alzheimer's disease, microglial expression of SR-A is increased. Such findings, and evidence that SR-A and SR-BI mediate adhesion and endocytosis of fibrillar beta-amyloid by microglia and astrocytes, respectively, and that SR-A, SR-BI, and CD36 participate in secretion of reactive oxygen species by microglia, suggest roles for these receptors in homeostasis and neuropathology.
Husemann
Jens
J
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Loike
John D
JD
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Anankov
Roman
R
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Febbraio
Maria
M
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Center of Vascular Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York.
Silverstein
Samuel C
SC
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York.
D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B
D018955:CD36 Antigens; D008024:Ligands; C495139:MSR1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018110:Receptors, Lipoprotein; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; C454739:Scarb1 protein, mouse; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B