title: Clinical importance of the cytochromes P450.
abstract: The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily comprises 57 genes. These genes code for enzymes that can have a role in: metabolism of drugs, foreign chemicals, arachidonic acid and eicosanoids; cholesterol metabolism and bile-acid biosynthesis; steroid synthesis and metabolism; vitamin D(3) synthesis and metabolism; retinoic acid hydroxylation; and those of still unknown function. Cytochrome P450 was once believed to be mainly a hepatic drug detoxication system, but is now understood to include a myriad of enzymic reactions implicated in important life processes. Mutations in many CYP genes cause inborn errors of metabolism and contribute to many clinically relevant diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Genetics and Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA. dan.nebert@uc.edu
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Nebert
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System