title: Effects of spontaneous breathing during airway pressure release ventilation on renal perfusion and function in patients with acute lung injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controlled mechanical ventilation can impair systemic and renal blood flow and function, which may be aggravated by respiratory acidosis. We hypothesized that partial ventilatory support using airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) with spontaneous breathing provides better cardiopulmonary and renal function than full ventilatory support using APRV without spontaneous breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Airway pressure release ventilation with and without spontaneous breathing, maintaining either the same minute ventilation (V(E)) or the same airway pressure (Paw) limits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systemic hemodynamics were estimated by double-indicator dilution, effective renal blood flow (ERBF) by para-aminohippurate, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by inulin clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to APRV with spontaneous breathing, cardiac index (CI) was decreased when the upper Paw limit was increased to provide the same V(E) (4.26+/-1.21 l min(-1) m(-2)vs 3.72+/-0.99 l min(-1) m(-2); p<0.05) while CI was increased when Paw limits were held constant (4.91+/-1.41 l min(-1) m(-2); p<0.05). Effective renal blood flow and GFR were higher during APRV with spontaneous breathing (858+/-388 ml min(-1) m(-2) and 94+/-47 ml min(-1) m(-2)) than during APRV without spontaneous breathing and the same V(E) (714+/-236 ml min(-1) m(-2)and 82+/-35 ml min(-1) m(-2)) or the same Paw (675+/-287 ml min(-1) m(-2) and 80+/-41 ml min(-1) m(-2); p<0.05). Urine volume did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous breathing during APRV was associated with better renal perfusion and function than APRV without spontaneous breathing applying either the same V(E) or the same Paw limits. Maintaining spontaneous breathing during ventilatory support may, therefore, be advantageous in preventing deterioration of renal function in patients with ALI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. hering@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hering
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zinserling
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wrigge
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Spiegel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Putensen
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*