title: Frequency of nodal metastases to the upper mediastinum in Barrett's cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Barrett's cancer, the frequency of lymph node metastases to the middle and upper mediastinum has rarely been analyzed because it requires a complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma underwent transthoracic en-bloc esophagectomy with two-field lymph node dissection. A meticulous work-up of the resected specimen allowed a specific assignment of each single lymph node to defined groups of the abdominal and mediastinal compartment. Histopathology classified the lymph nodes as metastatic or nonmetastatic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1706 lymph nodes were resected, with a mean of 33.5 lymph nodes per patient (range, 13-74). Of 51 patients, 28 (54.9%) were classified as pN1; 7 (25%) of 28 pN1 patients had nodal metastases at the level of the tracheal bifurcation (3 of 28 patients) or in the upper mediastinum (5 of 28 patients). In all 28 pN1 patients, the abdominal compartment was involved. The distribution of nodal metastases demonstrated that the main lymphatic spread occurred close to the primary tumor, along the lesser curvature and the left gastric artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus have a bidirectional lymphatic spread to the mediastinum and the abdomen. Two-field lymphadenectomy seems to be an adequate surgical approach for this tumor entity to achieve a complete nodal clearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. wolfgang.schröder@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mönig
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baldus
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutschow
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hölscher
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies