title: A simple method to study the activity of natural compounds on the chemiluminescence of neutrophils upon stimulation by immune complexes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophils (PMNs) are the main effector cells involved in the immune response to microorganisms. However, in various noninfectious states, such as autoimmune and immune complex (ICs) diseases, ICs are found to be deposited in various organs, leading to recruitment and activation of PMNs at these sites of deposition. Consequently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lysosomal enzymes are extensively released by activated PMNs into the extracellular milieu, leading to host tissue injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we discuss some experimental conditions of a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) assay to study the effect of natural compounds on the production of ROS by rabbit PMNs stimulated with precipitated ICs. Moreover, we evaluated the activities of quercetin and 7-allyloxycoumarin on this ROS-producing system and their toxicity to PMNs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both compounds had concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on LECL. Quercetin at concentration of 5 micromol/l inhibited 94.5+/-1.0% of LECL, whereas 7-allyloxycoumarin at concentration of 200 micromol/l inhibited 53.8+/-2.4% of LECL. Neither compound was toxic to PMNs under the tested conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method may be useful for the screening of nontoxic compounds that can modulate ROS production by IC-stimulated PMNs. Special attention should be devoted to natural compounds from higher plants, since their potential as sources of new drugs is still largely unexplored.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fi;sica e Qui;mica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, SP CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. yaluva@usp.br
authors.forename: Yara M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lucisano-Valim
authors.forename: Luciana M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kabeya
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanashiro
authors.forename: Elisa Maria S
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Russo-Carbolante
authors.forename: Ana Cristina M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Polizello
authors.forename: Ana Elisa C S
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Azzolini
authors.forename: Silvana C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: João Luis C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mantovani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D001685:Biological Factors; D003374:Coumarins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C012526:quercitrin; D011794:Quercetin; C030123:coumarin