title: Phase II study of anti-gastrin-17 antibodies, raised to G17DT, in advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognosis for advanced pancreatic cancer remains poor. Gastrin acts as a growth factor for pancreatic cancer. We describe the first study of the antigastrin immunogen G17DT in pancreatic cancer. Our aims were to determine the antibody response, safety, tolerability, and preliminary evidence of efficacy of G17DT in advanced pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were immunized with three doses of either 100 micro g or 250 micro g of G17DT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole group, 20 (67%) of 30 patients produced an antibody response. The 250- micro g dose resulted in a significantly greater response rate of 82% compared with 46% for the 100- micro g group (P =.018). The most significant side effects, seen in three patients, were local abscess and/or fever. The median survival for the whole group from the date of the first immunization was 187 days; median survival was 217 days for the antibody responders and 121 days for the antibody nonresponders. The difference in survival between the antibody responders and nonresponders was significant (P =.0023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer are able to mount an adequate antibody response to G17DT. The 250- micro g dose is superior to the 100- micro g dose, and it appears to be generally well tolerated. Antibody responders demonstrate significantly greater survival than antibody nonresponders. Phase III studies are currently underway in order to determine efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Brett
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bouvier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michaeli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hochhauser
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kurzawinski
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Someren
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pounder
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Caplin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011788:Quality of Life; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D005755:Gastrins; C482698:gastrin immunogen