title: Screening for primary aldosteronism: implications of an increased plasma aldosterone/renin ratio.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration (aldosterone) to plasma renin activity (renin) to identify patients at risk for primary aldosteronism is controversial. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the ratio to identify combinations of renin and aldosterone compatible with primary aldosteronism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ratio was calculated in 505 adults with essential hypertension (143 black women, 82 black men, 122 white women, and 158 white men). We used a conventional cutpoint for an increased ratio (i.e., 20 mL/dL x h). The primary combination of renin and aldosterone considered compatible with primary aldosteronism was increased aldosterone for the concomitant renin, defined as aldosterone in the highest quartile predicted by linear regression on renin. Renin was considered low if it was in the lowest quartile of the sample distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of the ratio to identify individuals with increased aldosterone for the concomitant renin was 66% (80% in blacks and 56% in whites; P = 0.009), and the specificity of the ratio was 67% (46% in blacks and 84% in whites; P <0.0001). In 36% of instances of an increased ratio, it was a measure of low renin alone without increased aldosterone for renin (32% in blacks and 45% in whites; P = 0.072). The positive predictive value of the ratio to identify individuals with increased aldosterone for the concomitant renin was 34% (49% in whites and 27% in blacks; P <0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aldosterone/renin ratio lacks sensitivity and specificity and has only a modest predictive value for combinations of renin and aldosterone that are compatible with primary aldosteronism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. gschwartz@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kisabeth
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood*; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D012083:Renin