title: Enzymatically modified nonoxidized low-density lipoprotein induces interleukin-8 in human endothelial cells: role of free fatty acids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with a protease and cholesterolesterase transforms the lipoprotein to an entity that resembles lipoprotein particles in atherosclerotic lesions, which have a high content of free cholesterol, reflecting extensive de-esterification in the intima. Because de-esterification would occur beneath the endothelium, we examined the effects of enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL) on cultured endothelial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of endothelial cells with E-LDL provoked selective accumulation of interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA and production of the cytokine. Chemical analyses and depletion experiments indicated that the effect was caused by the presence of free fatty acids in the altered lipoprotein. Reconstitution studies demonstrated that the oleic and linoleic acids associated with E-LDL are particularly effective IL-8 inducers. The effects of E-LDL on endothelial cells could be abrogated with albumin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-8 is required for rolling monocytes to adhere firmly to the endothelium; thus, the findings reveal a link between subendothelial entrapment of LDL, cleavage of cholesterol esters, and monocyte recruitment into the lesion.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Prapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suriyaphol
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zähringer
authors.forename: Shan-Rui
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sucharit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhakdi
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husmann
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023282:Nuclease Protection Assays; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D014357:Trypsin