title: Therapy of circadian rhythm disorders in chronic fatigue syndrome: no symptomatic improvement with melatonin or phototherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) show evidence of circadian rhythm disturbances. We aimed to determine whether CFS symptoms were alleviated by melatonin and bright-light phototherapy, which have been shown to improve circadian rhythm disorders and fatigue in jet-lag and shift workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with unexplained fatigue for > 6 months were initially assessed using placebo and then received melatonin (5 mg in the evening) and phototherapy (2500 Lux for 1 h in the morning), each for 12 weeks in random order separated by a washout period. Principal symptoms of CFS were measured by visual analogue scales, the Shortform (SF-36) Health Survey, Mental Fatigue Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We also determined the circadian rhythm of body temperature, timing of the onset of melatonin secretion, and the relationship between these.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither intervention showed any significant effect on any of the principal symptoms or on general measures of physical or mental health. Compared with placebo, neither body temperature rhythm nor onset of melatonin secretion was significantly altered by either treatment, except for a slight advance of temperature phase (0.8 h; P = 0.04) with phototherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melatonin and bright-light phototherapy appear ineffective in CFS. Both treatments are being prescribed for CFS sufferers by medical and alternative practitioners. Their unregulated use should be prohibited unless, or until, clear benefits are convincingly demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK. gareth@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mugarza
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minors
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D000075202:Contraindications; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005222:Mental Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D010789:Phototherapy; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin