title: Effects of a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition on activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs housed in a public animal shelter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a program of human interaction or alterations in diet composition would alter activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were (n = 20) or were not (20) enrolled in a program of regular supplemental human interaction (20 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks) involving stroking, massaging, and behavioral training. In addition, half the dogs in each group were fed a typical maintenance-type diet, and the other half were fed a premium diet. Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured during weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8 and before and after exposure to a battery of novel situations during weeks 0 and 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased by week 2, but plasma ACTH concentration was not significantly decreased until week 8 and then only in dogs fed the premium diet. Following exposure to novel situations, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were significantly increased. However, during week 8, dogs enrolled in the program of human interaction had significantly lower increases in cortisol concentration than did dogs not enrolled in the program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that both a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition have moderating effects on activity of the HPA axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter and that activity of the HPA axis may be increased for a longer period during shelter housing than measurement of plasma cortisol concentration alone would suggest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Voith
authors.forename: Jesse L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hawke
authors.forename: Travis L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Centrone
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D001841:Human-Animal Bond; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone