title: Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence, health care expenditures, and hospitalization experiences are important considerations among elderly populations with multiple chronic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a nationally random sample of 1 217 103 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 and older living in the United States and enrolled in both Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B during 1999. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of age, sex, and number of types of chronic conditions on the risk of incurring inpatient hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and hospitalizations with preventable complications among aged Medicare beneficiaries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1999, 82% of aged Medicare beneficiaries had 1 or more chronic conditions, and 65% had multiple chronic conditions. Inpatient admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and hospitalizations with preventable complications increased with the number of chronic conditions. For example, Medicare beneficiaries with 4 or more chronic conditions were 99 times more likely than a beneficiary without any chronic conditions to have an admission for an ambulatory care sensitive condition (95% confidence interval, 86-113). Per capita Medicare expenditures increased with the number of types of chronic conditions from $211 among beneficiaries without a chronic condition to $13 973 among beneficiaries with 4 or more types of chronic conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of an avoidable inpatient admission or a preventable complication in an inpatient setting increases dramatically with the number of chronic conditions. Better primary care, especially coordination of care, could reduce avoidable hospitalization rates, especially for individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Room 304, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Starfield
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors