title: Mentholated cigarettes and smoking habits in whites and blacks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if cigarette mentholation is associated with the frequency of smoking and with quitting, and whether mentholation explains racial differences in these two smoking behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional analysis of case-control data on smoking and lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Limited to 19 545 current and former cigarette smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smoking > 20 cigarettes per day (cpd) versus < or = 20 cpd, and continued smoking versus quit smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among blacks, the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of heavy smoking (> or = 21 cpd) associated with mentholated cigarettes versus non-mentholated cigarettes was 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 0.9) in current smokers and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.9) in former smokers. Among whites, the corresponding POR were 0.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.0) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.0). Blacks were less likely to have been heavy smokers than whites, but the difference was unrelated to cigarette mentholation. The POR of continued smoking versus quitting, associated with mentholated cigarettes was 1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2) for both blacks and whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking > 20 cpd was independently associated with white race. Among blacks, smoking < or = 20 cpd was independently associated with mentholated cigarettes. The risk of quitting was not associated with cigarette menthol flavour.
authors.affiliation: American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. jmuscat@ahf.org
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Muscat
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stellman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008610:Menthol; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D008610:Menthol