title: Paternal alcohol exposure and Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Turner syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy that occurs as a result of a non-disjunctional error in meiosis I or anaphase lag; however, the aetiology of this disorder remains unknown. Anecdotal evidence suggests that paternal alcoholism may play an unidentified role in the aetiology of TS. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to determine the potential association between paternal alcohol exposure and TS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was designed to solicit information about the parents' health and lifestyle habits occurring 1 year prior to and throughout the pregnancy of their daughter with TS. Alcohol dependence was assessed by the Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (BMAST). The study population was solicited from the Turner's Syndrome Society of Canada and included any parent(s) having a child with TS who was of any age. Two hundred and twelve families completed and returned the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This provided a response rate of 86.5%. Six of the fathers (3.6%; n = 166) and six of the mothers (3.6%; n = 165) had scores of 5 or more on the BMAST (scores of 5+ are considered to be in the 'alcoholic range'). This is considerably lower than the population norm of 9.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has suggested there is no association between paternal or maternal alcohol consumption and TS.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagan-Krieger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*