title: Physiological and chemical indicators for early and late stages of sepsis in conscious rats.
abstract: Endotoxin shock is a major cause of death in patients with septicemia. Endotoxin induces nitric oxide (NO) production and causes tissue damage. In addition, the release of oxygen free radicals has also been observed in endotoxin shock and was found to be responsible for the occurrence of multiple organ failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate suitable indicators for early and late stages of endotoxin shock. The experiments were designed to induce endotoxin shock in conscious rats by means of an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored for 72 h after LPS administration. The maximal decrease in AP and increase in HR and nitrate/nitrite level occurred at 9-12 h following LPS administration. The white blood cell (WBC) count had decreased at 3 h. Hydroxyl radical (methyl guanidine, MG) decreased rapidly after LPS administration. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased before the rise of amylase. Our results suggest that changes in AP, HR, WBC, free radicals, and chemical substances (BUN, Cr) can possibly serve as approximate indicators for the early stage of endotoxin shock. Severe multiple organ damage may be caused by amylase release in the late stage of endotoxin shock.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ru  P
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nien Tsung
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsing I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D006339:Heart Rate; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009566:Nitrates; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical