title: Biocompatible semiconductor optoelectronics.
abstract: We investigate optoelectronic properties of integrated structures comprising semiconductor light-emitting materials for optical probes of microscopic biological systems. Compound semiconductors are nearly ideal light emitters for probing cells and other microorganisms because of their spectral match to the transparency wavelengths of biomolecules. Unfortunately, the chemical composition of these materials is incompatible with the biochemistry of cells and related biofluids. To overcome these limitations, we investigate functionalized semiconductor surfaces and structures to simultaneously enhance light emission and the flow of biological fluids in semiconductor microcavities. We have identified several important materials problems associated with the semiconductor/biosystem interface. One is the biofluid degradation of electroluminescence by ionic diffusion into compound semiconductors. Ions that diffuse into the active region of a semiconductor light emitter can create point defects that degrade the quantum efficiency of the radiative recombination process. In this paper we discuss ways of mitigating these problems using materials design and surface chemistry, and suggest future applications for these materials.
authors.affiliation: Sandia National Laboratories, Biomolecular Materials and Interfaces Department 1140, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA. plgourl@sandia.gov
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gourley
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001709:Biotechnology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D012666:Semiconductors; D012828:Silicones; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D012828:Silicones; C013830:baysilon