title: Outcomes of pregnancy among women living in the proximity of oil fields in the Amazon basin of Ecuador.
abstract: Oil companies have released billions of gallons of untreated wastes and oil directly into the environment of the Ecuadorian Amazon. This cross-sectional study investigated the environmental conditions and reproductive health of women living in rural communities surrounded by oil fields in the Amazon basin and in unexposed communities. Water from local streams was analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The women, aged 17 to 45 years, had resided for at least three years in the study communities. Socioeconomic and reproductive histories of the last three pregnancies were obtained from interviews. Information from the questionnaire was available for 365 exposed and 283 non-exposed women. The study was conducted from November 1998 to April 1999. Streams of exposed communities had TPH concentrations above the allowable limit. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pregnancies of women in exposed communities were more likely to end in spontaneous abortion (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.61-3.79; p < 0.01). No association was found between stillbirth and exposure. An environmental system to control and eliminate the sources of pollution in the area is needed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Epidemiología y Salud Comunitaria Manuel Amunárriz, Quito Ecuador. sandyura@ecuanex.net.ec
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: San Sebastián
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010578:Petroleum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum