title: Molecular structure of the solvated proton in isolated salts. Short, strong, low barrier (SSLB) H-bonds.
abstract: Large, inert, weakly basic carborane anions of the icosahedral type CHB(11)R(5)X(6)(-) (R = H, Me; X = Cl, Br) allow ready isolation and structural characterization of discrete salts of the solvated proton, [H(solvent)(x)][CHB(11)R(5)X(6)], (solvent = common O-atom donor). These oxonium ion Brønsted acids are convenient reagents for the tuned delivery of protons to organic solvents with a specified number of donor solvent molecules and with acidities leveled to those of the chosen donor solvent. They have greater thermal stability than the popular [H(OEt(2))(2)][BAr(F)] acids based on fluorinated tetraphenylborate counterions because carborane anions can sustain much higher levels of acidity. When organic O-atom donors such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzophenone, and nitrobenzene are involved, the coordination number of the proton (x) in [H(solvent)(x)()](+) is two. A mixed species involving the [H(H(2)O)(diethyl ether)](+) ion has also been isolated. These solid-state structures provide expectations for the predominant molecular structures of solvated protons in solution and take into account that water is an inevitable impurity in organic solvents. The O.O distances are all short, lying within the range from 2.35 to 2.48 A. They are consistent with strong, linear O.H.O hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory calculations indicate that all H(solvent)(2)(+) cations have low barriers to movement of the proton within an interval along the O.H.O trajectory, i.e., they are examples of so-called SSLB H-bonds (short, strong, low-barrier). Unusually broadened IR bands, diagnostic of SSLB H-bonds, are observed in these H(solvent)(2)(+) cations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stasko
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Kee-Chan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nathanael L P
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Fackler
authors.forename: Anna S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drovetskaya
authors.forename: Fook S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Tham
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Clifton E F
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: Peter D W
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Evgenii S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stoyanov
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry*; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001577:Benzophenones; D004987:Ethers; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011522:Protons; C047723:benzophenone; C036077:nitrobenzene