title: Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in a large urban hospital-based sample of individuals with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hepatitis C infection in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic devoted to SCI follow-up care located in a county-government rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 531 unselected individuals with chronic SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent routine annual physical examinations at the outpatient clinic, and were tested for hepatitis C antibodies, antibodies to hepatitis core antigen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and bilirubin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies and liver test abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen percent of the cohort was anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactive (HCV positive). The prevalence of HCV infection in those who sustained SCI before 1990 was 21% compared with 7% (10/147) of those who were injured from 1990 onward (, P=.0002). Period of injury (Wald, P=.0042) and age (Wald, P=.048) were the only significant factors for anti-HCV reactivity. Thirty percent of the HCV-positive individuals had abnormal ALT levels compared with only 10% of the HCV-negative individuals (, P<.0001). Individuals who were HCV positive were more likely to be hepatitis B core antigen-reactive compared with those who were HCV negative (31% vs 9%;, P<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HCV infection among individuals with chronic SCI is significantly higher than the general population. The majority of those with SCI and HCV infection have normal liver tests. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for HCV infection, even in the absence of elevated aminotransferase activities.
authors.affiliation: Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Medical Center, Downey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tse-Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Rodney H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Sugantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D000410:Alanine Transaminase