Spontaneous twin gestation after vaginal dilation in a woman with uterus didelphys and bladder exstrophy.
BACKGROUND
Bladder exstrophy is an uncommon anomaly rarely associated with uterus didelphys. Fertility is limited by associated vaginal malformations, which have traditionally required surgical reconstruction.


METHODS
A woman with a history of bladder exstrophy and hypoplastic vagina presented complaining of painful intercourse. The patient underwent vaginal dilator treatment after corrective surgery for the bladder defect. Without any further fertility therapy she subsequently conceived twins, with one implantation in each horn of a didelphic uterus.


CONCLUSIONS
Bladder exstrophy, uterus didelphys, and vaginal hypoplasia share a common embryological devel-opment, and the finding of one anomaly can alert to the presence of another. Vaginal dilators may be used in place of surgical reconstruction to allow conception.
Mor
Eliran
E
University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Saadat
Peyman
P
Sokol
Rebecca Z
RZ
Paulson
Richard J
RJ
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D004106:Dilatation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014427:Twins; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*