title: Transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for bulky renal tumors.
abstract: Laparoscopic management of kidney cancer is becoming accepted as an alternative to open radical nephrectomy. Technical considerations have limited the application of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy to relatively small, clinically localized tumors. At the National Cancer Institute, we have broadened the indications to include bulky tumors. Herein, we describe the operation with attention to the technical caveats that have been gained with experience.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pautler
authors.forename: McClellan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Walther
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*