title: Rapid radiographic film calibration for IMRT verification using automated MLC fields.
abstract: A method for measuring a film sensitometric curve using a single sheet of film exposed with a two field step-and-shoot MLC treatment was developed and tested with Kodak XV2 and EDR2 films. With this technique a film sensitometric curve can be completed in only 10 minutes, making it practical to generate new film calibrations daily. This method is applicable to film calibrations for all purposes, but is particularly useful in IMRT treatment verification due to the method's use of small fields. This method agrees with the traditional large-field multifilm calibration within 0.5% and will produce sensitometric curves with errors less than 1% throughout the dose range, including uncertainties in dose delivery, film response, and optical density measurements. OD values for XV2 and EDR2 films were consistent in the middle of exposure areas at high depths, but the XV2 film penumbra regions showed large amounts of over-response as the calibration depth increased. If XV2 film is used for IMRT treatment verification, it is necessary to reduce the fluence of low energy photons in areas around the film by using thin lead shields. EDR2 film was shown to have minimal energy dependence, as it accurately represented penumbra areas and yielded identical sensitometric curves generated with 6 and 18 MV photons. However, its darker tint may make it more sensitive to scanning laser film digitizers' horizontal nonuniformities. This single film method proved to be superior to the traditional calibration method and allows fast daily calibrations of films for highly accurate IMRT delivery verifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. nchildre@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Childress
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Isaac I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014962:X-Ray Film