title: Implicit learning deficit in children with developmental dyslexia.
abstract: Several neuropsychological deficits have been reported as characteristic of the cognitive profile of dyslexic children. Phonological and visual processing are often impaired as well as auditory processing, attention and information processing speed. We investigated whether implicit learning, is impaired in dyslexic children and adolescents. Tests of implicit and declarative learning were administered to 18 clinically defined dyslexics and 18 similar age controls. Dyslexics showed a reduced learning rate in the implicit but not in the declarative task, suggesting a specific deficit of implicit learning. Although alternative hypothesis cannot be ruled out, considering that implicit learning is a cognitive function primarily processed by the cerebellum and that recent neurological and physiological data suggest a cerebellar dysfunction in dyslexia, the present results suggest an impairment of cerebellar system in reading disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Servizio di Neurologia e Riabilitazione, IRCCS, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Lungomare Guglielmo Marconi 36, I-00058, Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy. vicari@opbg.net
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vicari
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Deny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menghini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrosini
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011930:Reaction Time