title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and survival in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are conflicting reports regarding the relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is no report regarding the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the prognosis of chronic dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism in 727 chronic hemodialysis patients in Okinawa, Japan, and observed the prognosis over 2 years in 407 men and 320 women with mean age (SD) of 55.5 (13.9) years with a mean duration of dialysis of 84.3 (66.6) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype frequencies were 42.1% for II, 43.2% for ID, and 14.7% for DD. The relative risks of death were examined by Cox-proportional hazards analysis after adjusting for age, sex, age at the start of dialysis, presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and total cholesterol and serum albumin levels. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.03 (0.38 - 2.85) for DD genotype and 1.50 (0.83 - 2.70) for DD+ID genotype when compared to II genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE I/D polymorphism appears to have no relation to the short-term prognosis in chronic hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. yhigashi-ryk@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashiuesato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takishita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A