title: Burden of disease in hospitalized RSV-positive children in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of a large amount of data from other countries, those on the burden of disease attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Germany are lacking and are urgently needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based cross-sectional study from July 1996 to June 1999 150 children from birth to 16 years of age hospitalized in Kiel and tested positive for RSV by polymerase chain reaction were investigated. Stepwise linear and logistic regression models were applied to predict a bacterial co-infection as well as the duration of hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumonia (54 %) and wheezing bronchitis (including bronchiolitis, 27 %) were the predominating diagnoses; 25 % had an underlying condition. Four patients needed nasal continuous airway pressure and one intermittent mandatory ventilation; none died. According to the surrogate markers CRP and immature neutrophil fraction, 20 % to 30 % were suspected to have a bacterial co-infection on admission; antibiotics were prescribed in 65 % of the patients. The average duration of hospitalization was 9 days and was best predicted by young age, the presence of an underlying condition, intercostal retractions and high CRP on admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial co-infection is the major confounder in burden of disease analyses in RSV. The decision not to administer antibiotics to children hospitalized with RSV can be risky, particularly when there is considerable diagnostic uncertainty. Within the realm of current clinical practice, complications and deaths related to RSV are rare in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Kiel, Germany. weigl@pediatrics.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Weigl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Puppe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rockahr
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011859:Radiography; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002444:Cefuroxime