title: Gene expression of the tight junction protein occludin includes differential splicing and alternative promoter usage.
abstract: Occludin is an integral membrane protein located at the tight junctions of epithelial cells. Multiple domains of occludin are involved in the regulation of paracellular permeability as well as in the targeting of the protein to the tight junction. In this study, different occludin variants were identified on the mRNA level. Four differentially spliced occludin-specific mRNA transcripts were detected. Expression of the resulting proteins revealed an altered subcellular distribution and a loss of co-localization with zonula occludens protein ZO-1 in the tight junction for two of the four splice variants. Our findings demonstrate that the fourth transmembrane domain of occludin is important for targeting occludin to the tight junction. Loss of the fourth transmembrane domain leads to a relocation of the C-terminal domain to the extracellular space. The structural diversity of natural occludin variants is further increased by an additional promoter and transcription start giving rise to an alternative exon 1. Gene expression mediated by this promoter is influenced by the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik I Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12000 Berlin, Germany. mankertz@medizin.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mankertz
authors.forename: Jörg Stefan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hillenbrand
authors.forename: Shida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavalali
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florian
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schöneberg
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: Jörg Dieter
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schulzke
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D062793:Occludin; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C568985:OCLN protein, human; D062793:Occludin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins