title: Effect of oxytocin treatment in sows on umbilical cord morphology, meconium staining, and neonatal mortality of piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of 2 oxytocin products administered to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion on the integrity of umbilical cords, meconium staining, and piglet mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  2099 neonatal pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  180 parturient sows were randomly assigned to 3 stratified groups of 60 sows each. Two groups of sows were injected IM at the onset of fetal expulsion with 1 of 2 oxytocin commercial products (20, 40, or 50 U for sows weighing 120 to 150 kg, 151 to 250 kg, or > or = 251 kg, respectively). Control sows were treated IM with saline (0.9% NaCI) solution. Farrowing time, expulsion intervals, and numbers of stillborn and liveborn piglets were recorded for each sow. Piglets were evaluated for inspiratory effort, heart rates, and degree of meconium staining of skin (nonstained, and moderately or severely stained). Umbilical cords were classified as normal in appearance, edematous, congested, hemorrhagic, or ruptured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxytocin-treated sows had a significant decrease in farrowing time and expulsion intervals and also had a significantly higher number of stillborn piglets per litter, compared with control sows. The number of piglets per litter with ruptured and hemorrhagic umbilical cords was significantly greater in oxytocin-treated sows, compared with control sows. In near-death stillborn piglets, oxytocin treatment significantly decreased inspiratory efforts at birth and increased the rate and severity of meconium staining, compared with saline treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxytocin given to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion significantly increases the rate of fetal distress, anoxia, and intrapartum death in piglets.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, México.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mota-Rojas
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Burnes
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Ortega
authors.forename: Ma Lourdes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alonso-Spilsbury
authors.forename: Ramiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Necoechea
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D008470:Meconium / Q000187:drug effects*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010121:Oxytocin