title: The role of biological research in supporting policy needs.
abstract: Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) is one of several government departments which undertakes research in support of its policy aims. For example, DEFRA has responsibility for licensing the deposit of materials in the sea in order to protect the environment, public health and prevent interference with other uses of the sea. This includes assessment of pollutant responses in marine organisms. The objectives include assessment of the sub-lethal effect that pollutants have at the cellular, organ and individual level, for example in normal genetic, behavioural and reproductive activity and extrapolation of the potential impact of pollutants to populations. This work helps DEFRA to establish whether individually or in combination, pollutants have an adverse effect on the environment. This paper gives some examples of the research undertaken and demonstrates how biological research can provide cost effective solutions to analytical problems and an opportunity to predict the way in which proposed disposal operations may have an impact on the marine environment. The way such research may influence policy is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Science Directorate, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, UK. paul.leonard@maff.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D011050:Policy Making; D012106:Research; D006113:United Kingdom; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants