title: [Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections in children. Results of an open, controlled and randomized study about the efficacy and tolerance of cefixime compared to nitrofurantoin].
abstract: Urinary tract infections are quite frequent in children. Urinary tract obstruction combined with recurrent urinary tract infections increase the risk for renal impairment. Therefore prophylaxis of reinfection is an important nephroprotective procedure. The aim of this open, controlled, randomised pilot study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a low dose prophylaxis with Cefixime versus Nitrofurantoin. 60 girls aged 1 to 11 years with at least 2 urinary tract infections within the preceding year were included in the study. The minimum duration of therapy was 6 months and was extended to 12 months for most of the children. The number of recurrent infections was the main criteria for efficacy evaluation, whereas adverse events were analysed to evaluate tolerance. Statistical significant differences between the two treatment groups, regarding recurrence rates could not be demonstrated. Tolerance was comparable in both groups. The influence on gut flora of cefixime given as a low dose regimen over a long period of time corresponds with already published results and was not correlated with a higher number of gastrointestinal side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose Cefixime (2 mg/kg bodyweight) is effective and well tolerated in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. Efficacy and tolerance of cefixime were comparable to the results obtained with nitrofurantoin. Due to the small number of patients this study was only a pilot study. Low-dose cefixime, however, could become an alternative to standard regimens in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections. This should be investigated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Kinderkliniken Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lettgen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tröster
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020682:Cefixime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012008:Recurrence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D009582:Nitrofurantoin; D020682:Cefixime