Cortical spreading depression and involvement of the motor cortex, auditory cortex, and cerebellum in eyeblink classical conditioning of the rabbit.
The interrelationships of cerebellar and cerebral neural circuits in the eyeblink paradigm were explored with the controlled application of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and lidocaine in the New Zealand albino rabbit. The initial research focus was directed toward the involvement of the motor cortex in the conditioned eyeblink response. However, CSD timing and triangulation results indicate that other areas in the cerebral cortex, particularly the auditory cortex (acoustic conditioned stimulus), appear to be critical for the CSD effect on the eyeblink response. In summary: (1) CSD can be elicited, monitored, and timed and its side effects controlled in 97% of awake rabbits in the right and/or left cerebral hemisphere(s) during eyeblink conditioning. (2) The motor cortex appears to play little or no part in classical conditioning of the eyeblink in the rabbit in the delay paradigm. (3) Inactivating the auditory cortex with CSD or lidocaine temporarily impairs the conditioned response during the first 5 to 15 days of training, but has little effect past that point.
Case
Gilbert R
GR
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. gc.omi@verizon.net
Lavond
David G
DG
Thompson
Richard F
RF
D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits