title: Disposition of oral clarithromycin in foals.
abstract: Clarithromycin offers numerous advantages over erythromycin and thus, is an attractive alternative for the treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals. The disposition of clarithromycin was investigated in 6 foals after intragastric administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Detectable serum concentrations of clarithromycin were found in 3 of 6 foals at 10 minutes and in all foals by 20 minutes post-administration. Time to peak serum concentration (Tmax) was 1.5 hours and peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 0.92+/-0.17 microg/ml. Mean serum concentrations decreased to 0.03 microg/ml at 24 h. No adverse reactions were noted during or after IG administration in any of the foals. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters, the MIC90 of R. equi isolates, and predicted steady state concentrations, an oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg given every 12 hours would appear appropriate for the treatment of R. equi infections in foals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gronwall
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Merritt
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017291:Clarithromycin