title: Intestinal absorption of human insulin in pigs using delivery systems based on superporous hydrogel polymers.
abstract: In this in vivo study, novel delivery systems based on superporous hydrogel (SPH) and SPH composite (SPHC) polymers were used to improve the intestinal absorption of insulin in healthy pigs. Six female pigs of approximately 35 kg body weight were used. A cannula was inserted into the jugular vein for blood sampling and a silicone fistula in the duodenum for administration of gelatin capsules containing the delivery systems or insulin solutions. The delivery systems consisted of two components, (1) conveyor system made of SPH and SPHC; (2) core containing insulin. The core was inserted either into the conveyor system (core inside, c.i.) or attached to the surface of conveyor system (core outside, c.o.). The following intestinal formulations were investigated: c.i., c.o. and intraduodenal (i.d.) administration of insulin solutions. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of insulin was also investigated for reasons of comparison. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for insulin and glucose concentrations. Relative bioavalibility values of 1.3+/-0.4 and 1.9+/-0.7% were achieved for c.o. and c.i. administrations, respectively. The bioavalibility for i.d. administration of insulin solution was 0.5+/-0.2%. These results indicate that the absorption of insulin was slightly increased using SPH/SPHC-based delivery systems. Furthermore, a large variability was observed, probably due to physiological and metabolic changes during the experiments. Blood glucose levels were slightly decreased after the c.o. and c.i administrations, whereas these levels did not decrease after i.d. administration of insulin solutions. In conclusion, SPH/SPHC-based delivery systems are able to enhance the intestinal absorption of insulin and are, therefore, considered as promising systems for peroral peptide drug delivery. However, insulin delivery from these delivery systems under in vivo have to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Dorkoosh
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borchard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiee-Tehrani
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Verheijden
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016062:Porosity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020100:Hydrogels; D007328:Insulin; D011108:Polymers