title: Adrenomedullin improves cardiac function and prevents renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasodilating peptide and is involved in cardiovascular and renal disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of AM in cardiac and renal function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. A single tail-vein injection of adenoviral vectors harboring the human AM gene (Ad.CMV-AM) was administered to the rats 1-wk post-STZ treatment (65 mg/kg iv). Immunoreactive human AM was detected in the plasma and urine of STZ-diabetic rats treated with Ad.CMV-AM. Morphological and chemical examination showed that AM gene delivery significantly reduced glycogen accumulation within the hearts of STZ-diabetic rats. AM gene delivery improved cardiac function compared with STZ-diabetic rats injected with control virus, as observed by decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, increased cardiac output, cardiac index, and heart rate. AM gene transfer significantly increased left ventricular long axis (11.69 +/- 0.46 vs. 10.31 +/- 0.70 mm, n = 10, P < 0.05) and rate of pressure rise and fall (+6,090.1 +/- 597.3 vs. +4,648.5 +/- 807.1 mmHg/s), (-4,902.6 +/- 644.2 vs. -3,915.5 +/- 805.8 mmHg/s, n = 11, P < 0.05). AM also significantly attenuated renal glycogen accumulation and tubular damage in STZ-diabetic rats as well as increased urinary cAMP and cGMP levels, along with increased cardiac cAMP and Akt phosphorylation. We also observed that delivery of the AM gene caused an increase in body weight along with phospho-Akt and membrane-bound GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that AM plays a protective role in hyperglycemia-induced glycogen accumulation and cardiac and renal dysfunction via Akt signal transduction pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dobrzynski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agata
authors.forename: Juhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D013311:Streptozocin; D006003:Glycogen; D000242:Cyclic AMP; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D006152:Cyclic GMP