title: The effects of nicotinamide on energy metabolism following transient focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats.
abstract: This study examined the effects of nicotinamide on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine (NAD) levels and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) (poly(ADP-ribose)) polymerase activity following ischemia and reperfusion in ketamine pretreated rats. Nicotinamide was administered at the end of the ischemic period. Nicotinamide protected against the depletion of ATP and NAD at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Nicotinamide is known to inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at early time points, but was found to increase poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity at 24 h of reperfusion. It appears that nicotinamide can help maintain cellular energetics during reperfusion, thereby protecting cells from necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lori K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Klaidman
authors.forename: Artak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalbandian
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Mei L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pak H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009243:NAD; D009536:Niacinamide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases