title: Preferential association of the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn) with environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae belonging to the O14 serogroup.
abstract: Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups have the capacity of causing epidemic and pandemic cholera but are infrequently found in the environment. The other serogroups are abundant in aquatic environments but do not possess the virulence genes necessary for causing the disease. Of the 559 environmental strains of V. cholerae, collected during different periods from environmental samples in Calcutta, 9 (1.6%) harboured the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn). Six of the 9 strains belonged to the O14 serogroup. Thus, V. cholerae strains carrying the stn gene revealed preferential association with the O14 serogroup. Three of the six strains harboured the tcpA gene of the E1 Tor type, which is an unusual feature among environmental V. cholerae strains. A strain that possessed the E1 Tor type tcpA also had the CTX prophage. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the stn gene positive O14 strains of V. cholerae were not clonal.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balakrish Nair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017931:DNA Primers; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004768:Enterotoxins; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012703:Serotyping; D012987:Soil; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D004768:Enterotoxins; D012987:Soil; C037420:stN protein, Vibrio cholerae