title: Effects of industrially produced flavours with pro- and antioxidative properties on the formation of the heterocyclic amine PhIP in a model system.
abstract: PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is a heterocyclic aromatic amine belonging to a class of mutagens found in food. This project studied the effects of commercially available flavours of spices on the formation of PhIP, one of the most common heterocyclic aromatic amines in heated meat and fish products. The model reactions were carried out in diethylene glycol. Highest amounts of PhIP were obtained at 200 degrees C, a heating time of 60 min and an equivalent molar ratio of phenylalanine and creatinine. With this model system, the influence of Monascus red and flavours extracted from thyme, marjoram and rosemary on the formation of PhIP was tested. The flavours were added to the model system in different amounts. The oxidative properties were determined with the rancimat method. It was shown that all tested products, independent of their pro- or antioxidative properties, increased PhIP in the model system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Petersgasse 12/2, Austria. siegfried.zoechling@tugraz.at
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zöchling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murkovic
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfannhauser
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D003296:Cooking; D003404:Creatinine / Q000737:chemistry; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D032741:Monascus / Q000737:chemistry; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D016877:Oxidants; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017365:Spices; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D016877:Oxidants; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D010649:Phenylalanine; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine; D003404:Creatinine