title: Facial and vocal expressions of emotion.
abstract: A flurry of theoretical and empirical work concerning the production of and response to facial and vocal expressions has occurred in the past decade. That emotional expressions express emotions is a tautology but may not be a fact. Debates have centered on universality, the nature of emotion, and the link between emotions and expressions. Modern evolutionary theory is informing more models, emphasizing that expressions are directed at a receiver, that the interests of sender and receiver can conflict, that there are many determinants of sending an expression in addition to emotion, that expressions influence the receiver in a variety of ways, and that the receiver's response is more than simply decoding a message.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA. james.russell@bc.edu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Jo-Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bachorowski
authors.forename: Jose-Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Dols
mesh_terms: D004644:Emotions; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005149:Facial Expression; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D012938:Social Perception; D013061:Speech Acoustics