title: Influence of propranolol, enalaprilat, verapamil, and caffeine on adenosine A(2A)-receptor-mediated coronary vasodilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was done to determine the effects of propranolol, enalaprilat, verapamil, and caffeine on the vasodilatory properties of the adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonist ATL-146e (ATL).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ATL is a new adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonist proposed as a vasodilator for myocardial stress perfusion imaging. Beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and calcium blockers are commonly used for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), and their effect on ATL-mediated vasodilation is unknown. Dietary intake of caffeine is also common.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 19 anesthetized, open-chest dogs, hemodynamic responses to bolus injections of ATL (1.0 microg/kg) and adenosine (60 microg/kg) were recorded before and after administration of propranolol (1.0 mg/kg, ATL only), enalaprilat (0.3 mg/kg, ATL only), caffeine (5.0 mg/kg, ATL only), and verapamil (0.2 mg/kg bolus, ATL and adenosine).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither propranolol nor enalaprilat attenuated the ATL-mediated vasodilation (225 +/- 86% and 237 +/- 67% increase, respectively, p = NS vs. control). Caffeine had an inhibitory effect (97 +/- 28% increase, p < 0.05 vs. control). Verapamil blunted both ATL- and adenosine-induced vasodilation (63 +/- 20% and 35 +/- 7%, respectively, p < 0.05 vs. baseline), and also inhibited the vasodilation induced by the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activator pinacidil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors do not reduce the maximal coronary flow response to adenosine A(2A)-agonists, whereas verapamil attenuated this vasodilation through inhibition of K(ATP) channels. The inhibitory effect of verapamil and K(ATP) channel inhibitors like glybenclamide on pharmacologic stress using adenosine or adenosine A(2A)-receptor agonists should be evaluated in the clinical setting to determine their potential for reducing the sensitivity of CAD detection with perfusion imaging.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0500, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.forename: Mirta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Jayson M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Denny D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Beller
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Glover
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D015773:Enalaprilat / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C431129:ATL 146e; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011687:Purines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D002110:Caffeine; D011433:Propranolol; D014700:Verapamil; D015773:Enalaprilat