title: A phase II study of troglitazone, an activator of the PPARgamma receptor, in patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Troglitazone, a potent activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, induces tumor differentiation in human liposarcomas and causes regression of tumors that are derived from human colon cancer cells in nude mice. We therefore assessed the efficacy of troglitazone in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with oral troglitazone. Patients were followed up for evidence of toxicity, tumor response, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment was well tolerated: no grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities were observed. However, no objective tumor responses were noted, and all 25 patients had progressive disease as their best response to therapy. The median progression-free survival time was only 1.6 months, and the median survival time was 3.9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Troglitazone is not an active agent for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kulke
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Demetri
authors.forename: Norman E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sharpless
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shivdasani
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Haesook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002839:Chromans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002839:Chromans; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077288:Troglitazone