title: Use of semi-permeable membrane devices and solid-phase extraction for the wide-range screening of microcontaminants in surface water by GC-AED/MS.
abstract: An automated GC-MS-based screening method was developed for over 400 industrial, agrochemical and household chemicals. Extracted ion chromatograms were used and the method was aimed at creating a minimum number of false positives. The compound polarity range usually associated with solid-phase extraction was extended to include very apolar, bioaccumulative, compounds by using the complementary semi-permeable membrane device technique. Real-life samples were taken at four locations in the main Dutch river systems and one in an agricultural area. Some 150 compounds were detected in the low-ng/l to low-microg/l range. Next to the target compounds, several brominated and chlorinated non-target compounds were detected by means of GC with atomic emission detection and tentatively identified using mass spectral library searching.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. vstee@chem.vu.nl
authors.forename: Leo L P
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: van Stee
authors.forename: Pim E G
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Leonards
authors.forename: Willem M G M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: A Jan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Johanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struijs
authors.forename: Udo A Th
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Brinkman
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical