title: Examination, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: recommendations and reality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis. Our aim was to evaluate the current practices of examination, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in IBD patients in a routine clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 154 consecutive patients with IBD (63 female, 91 male; 36 ulcerative colitis, 115 Crohn's disease, 3 indeterminate colitis), referred to two gastroenterological units for scheduled follow-up examinations, were included. Patient charts were evaluated regarding bone densitometry already performed and any prophylactic or therapeutic interventions in cases of low bone mineral density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements had been performed only in 38 patients (25%). BMD was abnormally low in 27 of the examined patients (71%), 20 of whom had osteopenia and seven had osteoporosis. Among the subgroup of patients on long-term steroid therapy (77 patients), 30 had been referred to bone densitometry during the course of disease, and 21 of them were found to have low bone mineral density. Preventive measures were prescribed in 12 patients (9% of the whole study population). In the majority of the patients with low bone mineral density, calcium and vitamin D were used as treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with IBD, only a minority of these patients were included in a structured program in accordance with modern guidelines for diagnosing and preventing this extraintestinal complication in a routine clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Grieskirchnerstrasse 42, A-4600 Wels. andreas.kirchgatterer@khwels.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirchgatterer
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wenzl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aschl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hinterreiter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hinterleitner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petritsch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knoflach
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids