title: Increased expression of arginase II in patients with different forms of arthritis. Implications of the regulation of nitric oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of arginase isoforms in patients with different forms of arthritis and the possible implications of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Arginase activity was measured in synovial fluid (SF) cells from patients with different forms of arthritis, either directly or after in vitro stimulation with cytokines. The identity of the isoform expressed was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We measured both arginase activity and NO production in SF macrophages and synovial membrane fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arginase II was the isoform expressed in SF cells. In SF macrophages, dibutyryl-cAMP (dBt-cAMP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) further increased the enzyme activity, while NO production was not detected even in the presence of Th1-like cytokines. In contrast, synovial membrane fibroblasts from patients with RA released NO into the culture media. Moreover, dBt-cAMP, PGE2, and transforming growth factor-beta, which induced arginase II, reduced the levels of NO. Reciprocally, the induction of NO by Th1 cytokines inhibited arginase activity levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arginase II expression is upregulated in RA and may increase cell proliferation by providing L-ornithine, which is the substrate of polyamine biosynthesis. In cells where both arginase II and inducible NO synthase activity occurs, there is a reciprocal regulation, suggesting that agents that induce arginase II in synovial cells could downregulate the levels of NO and divert L-arginine metabolism toward cell proliferation and/or tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK. corragen@unex.es
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corraliza
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moncada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001119:Arginase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003994:Bucladesine; D001119:Arginase; D015232:Dinoprostone