title: Torticollis in children: can dynamic computed tomography help determine severity and treatment.
abstract: For children with torticollis, dynamic computed tomography scanning (DCTS) is the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS). At present, there is no grouping system based on DCTS to determine severity and direct treatment. Fifty children with torticollis underwent DCTS in the workup for AARS. The relative rotation of C1 versus C2 was compared for left and right rotation views. Each DCTS was classified: stage 0, torticollis but normal DCTS; stage 1, limitation of motion (<15 degrees difference between C1 and C2, but C1 crosses midline of C2); and stage 2, fixed (C1 does not cross midline of C2). Duration of symptoms and treatment were compared. There were 27 girls and 23 boys with a mean age of 8.2 years. There were 8 stage 0, 30 stage 1, and 12 stage 2 DCTS. Average onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 6.7 days for stage 0, 8.6 days for stage 1, and 20 days for stage 2. A significant trend was found between increasing intensity of treatment and stage. Using this grouping system, the authors found that patients with a higher stage had an increase in the mean duration of symptoms and intensity of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. kmcguire@alumni.princeton.edu
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dormans
mesh_terms: D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014103:Torticollis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy