title: Treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders: an open-label extension of the research units on pediatric psychopharmacology anxiety study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An 8-week placebo-controlled study, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study, documented beneficial effects of fluvoxamine in the treatment of pediatric social anxiety, separation anxiety, or generalized anxiety disorders. Following completion of this study, participants were invited to enter a 6-month open-label treatment phase designed to examine three issues: (a) long-term maintenance of response in fluvoxamine responders, (b) acute response to fluoxetine in fluvoxamine nonresponders, and (c) acute response to fluvoxamine in placebo nonresponders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants aged 6-17 years meeting criteria for social anxiety, separation anxiety, or generalized anxiety disorders previously treated in an 8-week placebo-controlled trial (n = 128) were offered open treatment. Changes in symptoms of anxiety during open treatment were assessed in three groups: (a) fluvoxamine responders maintained on fluvoxamine, (b) fluvoxamine nonresponders changed to fluoxetine, and (c) placebo nonresponders changed to fluvoxamine. Response was defined based on Clinical Global Impression criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 6 months of continued open treatment, anxiety symptoms remained low in 33 of 35 (94%) subjects who initially responded to fluvoxamine. Among 14 fluvoxamine nonresponders switched to fluoxetine, anxiety symptoms appeared significantly improved in 10 (71%) subjects. Finally, among 48 placebo nonresponders, 27 (56%) showed clinically significant improvement in anxiety on fluvoxamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings concerning extended treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders are only preliminary, because treatment was uncontrolled. Results suggest that an initial fluvoxamine response is likely to be retained with continued treatment, that some fluvoxamine nonresponders may respond to fluoxetine, and that some placebo nonresponders may respond to fluvoxamine.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labellarte
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greenhill
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abikoff
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: R Lindsey
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gammon
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011600:Psychopharmacology / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D016666:Fluvoxamine