title: [Disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS. Clinical, microbiological, and immunological analysis of 51 patients].
abstract: In the context of HIV infection, cryptococcal meningitis is the most common mycosis threatening the patient's life. We conducted a retrospective evaluation to determine the epidemiological, microbiological, immunological and clinical characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis in 51 hospitalised HIV seropositive patients. All the individuals (n = 51) presented reactive serology for HIV (ELISA and/or Western blot) and none fulfilled strict HAART treatment, previous to the opportunistic infection. CD4+ lymphocyte T counts showed levels between 361 and 0 cells/microliter (mean = 45). All patients but one had counts lower than 100 cells/microliter. Cryptococcosis presented as unique episode in 35 patients (68.6%) and in 16 as relapse (31.3%). In all of them we detected central nervous system involvement. The induction treatment was carried out with amphotericin B (AMB), continued with maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Lethality rate was 36.7%, slightly superior among patients in relapse (40%) compared to those who presented a first episode of the mycosis (35.2%). In those individuals for whom data were available, 65.2% of blood cultures, 94.1% of CSF cultures and 79.06% of microscopic CSF examination with India ink were positive. Titers of Cryptococcus neoformans capsular antigen in CSF > or = 1/1000 were found in 36.1% and > or = 1/1000 in 73.6% of serum samples. In conclusion, manifestations and severity of disseminated cryptococcosis continue maintaining the characteristics of half a decade behind, in those patients who are not treated with HAART. Neurological involvement existed in all patients of this cohort. Treatment is not able to modify the parameters of mortality seen in previous communications. Diagnostic methods applied in this study are in accordance with those in the bibliography.
authors.affiliation: Unidad 10 y Unidad de Micología, Hospital de Infecciosas F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Metta
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Negroni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arechavala
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muzzio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Castello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esquivel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trione
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole