title: The effect of visual field defects on driving performance: a driving simulator study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of visual field defects on driving performance, and to predict practical fitness to drive.
  
  
  METHODS
  The driving performance of 87 subjects with visual field defects due to ocular abnormalities was assessed on a driving simulator and during an on-road driving test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The final score on the on-road driving test and simulator indexes, such as driving speed, viewing behavior, lateral position, time-headway, and time to collision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with visual field defects showed differential performance on measures of driving speed, steering stability, lateral position, time to collision, and time-headway. Effective compensation consisted of reduced driving speed in cases of central visual field defects and increased scanning in cases of peripheral visual field defects. The sensitivity and specificity of models based on vision, visual attention, and compensatory viewing efficiency were increased when the distance at which the subject started to scan was taken into account.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with visual field defects demonstrated differential performance on several driving simulator indexes. Driving examiners considered reduced speed and increased scanning to be valid compensation for central and peripheral visual field defects, respectively. Predicting practical fitness to drive was improved by taking driving simulator indexes into account.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. t.r.m.coeckelbergh@ohk.azg.nl
authors.forename: Tanja R M
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Coeckelbergh
authors.forename: Wiebo H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Frans W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Wolffelaar
authors.forename: Aart C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kooijman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields; D014796:Visual Perception