title: Musculoskeletal disorders among floor layers: is prevention possible?
abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe possibilities for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among floor layers and to analyze the factors that promote or constrain innovation in prevention. A questionnaire study included 102 floor layers and 180 apprentice floor layers. Questionnaires were used to register musculoskeletal complaints, psychosocial factors, and proposals for prevention. Interviews were carried out of key persons from the trade, selected from the floor layers, employers, and their trade association, with the purpose of getting more knowledge about the barriers to innovation. The results indicate that musculoskeletal disorders are still a great problem in skilled floor layers, and also in apprentices. Primary prevention of work-related knee disorders and accompanying stress requires a reduction in work tasks performed in kneeling positions. Tools that can be used in standing positions for floor laying work tasks are considered useful for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. Throughout their training, young apprentice floor layers slowly become socialized into the group, and absorb the same identity, attitude to problem-solving, and use of tools and working methods as the adult floor layers. Deep-rooted habits are very resistant to change. The intensity of the work, time pressures, frequent changes of work locations, and the trade's pattern of working in small firms are also factors that make it difficult to introduce good practice innovations in the floor laying trade. Work-related strain can be decreased in the trade by combining changes in tools, materials, and working methods. It is necessary to include educational training of apprentices and skilled floor layers, and also foremen and employers. Breaking down the barriers to change demands education and instruction by people who know the trade well, who can communicate effectively with the floor layers, and who are accepted by the trade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Skive Hospital, Skive, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lilli K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Lise B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kofoed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003718:Denmark; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires