title: Effects of the nitric oxide donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) in focal cerebral ischemia dependent on intracellular brain pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A nitric oxide (NO) donor that has been successfully used in the treatment of myocardial infarction, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), may be a potential neuroprotective agent. Production of NO in brain microsomes is dependent on the pH. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of SIN-1 and its dependence on pH in vivo during periods of focal cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  At 0.1 or 1 mg/kg, SIN-1 was administered to 54 Wistar rats 30 minutes before a 2-hour period of focal cerebral ischemia under moderate hypo-, normo-, and hyperglycemic conditions. Measurements of brain intracellular pH (pHi); regional cortical blood flow, and the redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were obtained in three additional animals to confirm the effects of the serum glucose manipulations. The animals were killed at 72 hours after the ischemic period to obtain infarction volumes. Administration of SIN-1 significantly reduced infarction in normoglycemic animals and, to a lesser extent, in hyperglycemic animals, indicating that SIN-1 was less effective under hyperglycemic conditions. At either dose SIN-1 had no significant effect on infarction volume in moderately hypoglycemic animals because moderate hypoglycemia in itself significantly (p < 0.005) reduced infarction volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NO donor SIN-1 may be a useful intraoperative cerebral protective agent. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that a mechanism that could explain the published discrepancies regarding the effects of NO donors in vivo may be affected by differences in ischemic brain acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Thoralf M. Sundt, Jr., Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, and Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coert
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Fredric B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009243:NAD; C002385:linsidomine; D008981:Molsidomine