title: Relative oral bioavailability of microgranulated amoxicillin in pigs.
abstract: A new microgranulated formulation of amoxicillin trihydrate for in-feed medication was developed using a lipogelled matrix. Its relative bioavailability was compared with powdered drug in pigs and an assessment was made to determine whether therapeutic concentrations were achieved. Microgranules containing 10% (MICR10) and 30% (MICR30) amoxicillin and free amoxicillin trihydrate powder (reference, AMX) were administered at dosages of 50 mg of amoxicillin/kg b.w. using a three-way-crossover design. Amoxicillin analysis in serum was performed by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorometric detection, using an extraction procedure already described for edible tissues of fish and adapted and validated for pig serum. The oral bioavailability of both microgranulated formulations was higher than that of the reference formulation [relative bioavailability (F): 153.9 +/- 58.2% for MICR10; 126.2 +/- 70.5% for MICR30] and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of MICR10 and AMX formulations were significantly different (P < 0.05). Differences between the mean maximum concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax (tmax) and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug formulations were not significant. Microgranulated amoxicillin is suitable for in-feed administration to pigs and, because of its higher oral bioavailability compared with the powdered compound, it may be more effective for the treatment of susceptible infections.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Patologia Animale, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anfossi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaghini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassigli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menotta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fedrizzi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D000658:Amoxicillin