title: Perioperative brachytherapy for pretreated chest wall recurrence of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the technical aspects of high-dose-rate afterloading (HDR-AL) brachytherapy for isolated local chest wall recurrence of breast cancer pretreated with mastectomy and axillary node dissection plus postoperative radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 63-year-old female patient with left ductal breast cancer, pT2pN1biM0, was reoperated for an isolated local chest wall recurrence 13 years after primary treatment (mastectomy, axillary dissection, and 50 Gy postoperative irradiation). Radical surgery would have involved extreme mutilation. Reoperative surgical margins of 3 mm width were involved, and four parallel afterloading catheters were placed intraoperatively in this histologically positive margin site. Perioperative HDR-AL (Ir-192 stepping source, 370 GBq activity, dose rate: reference air kerma rate at 1 m 40.84 mGy/h kg) was performed. Dose per fraction: 6 Gy to the reference line, two fractions per week, total dose 30 Gy. Follow-up after secondary treatment: 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Firm local control and 5-year disease-free survival were obtained with perioperative HDR-AL therapy; staging procedures (clinical exam, MRI, abdominal ultrasound, and bone scan) showed no evidence of disease. The development of radiodermatitis did not exceed grade 2 level and healed spontaneously within 6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated local chest wall relapse can be effectively controlled by wide surgical excision and perioperative reirradiation with HDR-AL. This technique may represent a treatment alternative to ultraradical surgery, with equal healing probability and a better quality of life. Small-volume irradiation of the postoperative scar can be performed with HDR-AL brachytherapy, and long-term local control can be achieved with a total dose of 30 Gy.
authors.affiliation: Municipal Center of Oncoradiology, Budapest, Hungary. mayera@elender.hu
authors.forename: Arpád
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naszály
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patyánik
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zaránd
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polgár
authors.forename: Timea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klinkó
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012086:Reoperation