title: Apparent ruminal degradation and rumen escape of soluble nitrogen fractions in grass and grass silage administered intraruminally to lactating dairy cows.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate in vivo ruminal degradation and rumen escape of soluble N fractions in grass and grass silage. Soluble protein and long-chain peptides (PLP), small peptides (SP) and free AA (FAA) were obtained from fresh grass and grass silages fertilized with different levels of N. Soluble extracts from the forages were pulse dosed into the rumen of three cannulated lactating dairy cows, and a simple or complex model was used to examine the kinetics of the soluble N fractions in the rumen. When soluble extracts from silage were investigated, pulse dosages of total nonammonia N (NAN) were 21, 27, and 32 g, while for fresh grass only dosages of 20 g were ruminally administered. In the silage extracts, mean proportions of PLP-N, SP-N, and FAA-N in the NAN were 30, 52, and 18%, respectively, whereas in the fresh grass the corresponding values were 67, 20, and 13%. From silage extracts, all three soluble N fractions showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in degradation rate and an increase (P < 0.05) in ruminal escape with increasing dosage. In silage, mean degradation rates, parameterized from the complex model, were 230, 214, and 334%/h for PLP-N, SP-N, and FAA-N, respectively, and the ruminal escape was highest (P < 0.05) for SP-N (11.2% of dose) and lowest (P < 0.05) for FAA-N (5.0% of dose). No differences in degradation rate and ruminal escape between fresh grass and silage were observed. However, the proportion of N dose converted to ammonia was only 24% in the fresh grass, whereas for the silages a mean value of 76% was found. From this study, it is concluded that a significant amount of dietary soluble N escapes ruminal degradation, and thus contributes to the intestinal AA supply. Moreover, if the main aim is to study degradation kinetics of individual N fractions, a complex model should be used in the evaluation. This model can also be used to study ruminal synchronization of N and energy for microbial growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Norway, As. harald.volden@ihf.nlh.no
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volden
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Mydland
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Olaisen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004063:Digestion; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D012820:Silage; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen