title: Inhibitors of histone deacetylation downregulate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and compromise endothelial cell function in vasorelaxation and angiogenesis.
abstract: The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived NO is central to angiogenesis signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). We hypothesized that the HDAC-dependent regulation of angiogenesis may involve a modulatory effect on eNOS expression. The HDAC inhibitors TSA, butyric acid (BuA), and MS-275 time- and concentration-dependently suppressed eNOS protein levels to 41+/-2%, 46+/-12%, and 40+/-12% of control, respectively. In parallel, TSA and BuA also downregulated eNOS mRNA expression to 21+/-4% and 37+/-4% of control. TSA also attenuated the NO-dependent relaxation of porcine coronary arteries (P<0.0001, TSA 1 micromol/L) and prevented tube formation in a human angiogenesis assay. Although vascular endothelial growth factor substitution did not compensate for the inhibitory effect of TSA, exogenous NO reversed the inhibition of angiogenesis by TSA. To address the underlying signaling mechanism, we characterized the effect of TSA on eNOS gene transcription and mRNA half-life. Although TSA decreased both eNOS protein and mRNA levels, TSA paradoxically enhanced the activity of the eNOS promoter, and did not alter the eNOS transcription rate in nuclear run-on experiments, suggesting that TSA posttranscriptionally targets eNOS mRNA. These data indicate that HDAC-dependent mechanisms contribute to the regulation of eNOS expression in ECs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rössig
authors.forename: Huige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisslthaler
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urbich
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Förstermann
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimmeler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C012589:trichostatin A; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D006655:Histone Deacetylases