title: Effect of isoverbascoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside antioxidant, on proliferation and differentiation of human gastric cancer cell.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of phenylpropanoid glycoside antioxidant isoverbascoside on cell proliferation and differentiation of human gastric cancer cell line MGC 803.
  
  
  METHODS
  MGC 803 cells were treated with isoverbascoside. Its effects on cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, enzymatic activities, cell cycles, and gene expression were respectively evaluated with cell counting, tumor formation assay, enzymatic assay, flow cytometer analysis, and Western blotting, with Me2SO as positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoverbascoside could markedly inhibit cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner. Isoverbascoside 20 micromol/L strikingly suppressed cell tumorigenicity, activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and caused G0/G1 arrest. The expression of G1 S checkpoint related proteins, p53, p21/WAF1, and p16/INK4, were up-regulated after MGC 803 cells were treated with isoverbascoside 20 micromol/L for 4-8 h. Contrarily, the expression of C-myc protein was suppressed after 8 h treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoverbascoside inhibited cell proliferation, reversed cell malignant phenotypic characteristics, and consequently caused differentiation in MGC 803 cells. These effects might be associated with its activities of causing G0/G1 arrest and regulating the expression of cell cycle related proteins.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. chenruichuan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rui-Chuan
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shan-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tian-Jiao
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D032262:Pedicularis / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D004187:Disaccharides; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C064333:ruberythric acid; C064683:isoacteoside; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)