title: Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide: evaluation of clinical effectiveness correlated with circulating ANA and T gamma/delta + and B CD5+ lymphocyte populations of synovial fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to assess the effect of intra-articular treatment with triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to investigate whether treatment response correlates with the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the serum and/or B CD5+ and T gamma/delta + lymphocytes in the synovial fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 patients (81% females, 56% ANA+) with oligoarticular JIA involving knees were treated with intra-articular injections of TH after failing to respond to NSAIDs for two months. Eighteen patients were treated within 6 months of onset, 19 were treated more than 6 months after onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of remission was 13.9 months. Twelve patients (7 ANA+) had stable remission after a single injection; 13 patients (3 ANA+) experienced more than 6 months' remission but subsequently had a relapse; 12 patients (11 ANA+) had a relapse within six months of injection. Of 20 patients treated within 6 months of onset, 17 had stable remission whereas only 8 out of 17 who were treated during relapse attained stable remission (p = 0.03). The mean percentage of T gamma/delta + and of B CD5+ lymphocytes in synovial fluid was the same as in peripheral blood of normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that local treatment with slow-release steroids is very effective in oligoarticular JIA. Prolonged remission was less likely in the presence of ANA positivity, probably because the disease is immunologically more active. Finally, our data suggest that the earlier the treatment, the easier it is to obtain a protracted, and possibly permanent, response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Children's Hospital, Trieste, Italy. leporel@burlo.trieste.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Santo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malorgio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Presani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perticarari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prodan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Leo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tommasini
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018956:CD5 Antigens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D018956:CD5 Antigens; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; C005900:triamcinolone hexacetonide