title: Interaction of sulfate assimilation with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Lemna minor.
abstract: Cysteine synthesis from sulfide and O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is a reaction interconnecting sulfate, nitrogen, and carbon assimilation. Using Lemna minor, we analyzed the effects of omission of CO(2) from the atmosphere and simultaneous application of alternative carbon sources on adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) and nitrate reductase (NR), the key enzymes of sulfate and nitrate assimilation, respectively. Incubation in air without CO(2) led to severe decrease in APR and NR activities and mRNA levels, but ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was not considerably affected. Simultaneous addition of sucrose (Suc) prevented the reduction in enzyme activities, but not in mRNA levels. OAS, a known regulator of sulfate assimilation, could also attenuate the effect of missing CO(2) on APR, but did not affect NR. When the plants were subjected to normal air after a 24-h pretreatment in air without CO(2), APR and NR activities and mRNA levels recovered within the next 24 h. The addition of Suc and glucose in air without CO(2) also recovered both enzyme activities, with OAS again influenced only APR. (35)SO(4)(2-) feeding showed that treatment in air without CO(2) severely inhibited sulfate uptake and the flux through sulfate assimilation. After a resupply of normal air or the addition of Suc, incorporation of (35)S into proteins and glutathione greatly increased. OAS treatment resulted in high labeling of cysteine; the incorporation of (35)S in proteins and glutathione was much less increased compared with treatment with normal air or Suc. These results corroborate the tight interconnection of sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Germany. Stanislav.Kopriva@ctp.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopriva
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: von Ballmoos
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rennenberg
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunold
mesh_terms: D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013431:Sulfates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005632:Fructose; D002244:Carbon; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; C019618:adenylylsulfate reductase; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase; D005947:Glucose; D009584:Nitrogen