title: Comparing bimanual pelvic examination to ultrasound measurement for assessment of gestational age in the first trimester of pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the accuracy of bimanual pelvic examination to ultrasound in the assessment of gestational age and to evaluate resident and faculty accuracy, and residents' learning to perform pelvic examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded, descriptive, correlational study of clinical bimanual examination versus ultrasound dating pregnancy prior to first-trimester abortion. Women scheduled to undergo abortion received transvaginal ultrasound assessment of gestational age. A resident and faculty physician, blinded to the ultrasound results, each performed a pelvic examination immediately prior to the procedure. The pelvic examination assessments were compared to the ultrasound calculations of gestational age. The absolute value of the difference between the bimanual examination and ultrasound dating were compared using the paired t test. Linear regression was used to evaluate the learning of residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pelvic examination agreed with the ultrasound (+/- 2 weeks) in 92% of cases for faculty and 75% for residents. Accuracy of the resident examinations did not change over their two-month rotations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If pelvic examination alone is used to assess gestational age in the setting of first-trimester abortion, 8% of patients may experience unnecessary interventions, possibly leading to a greater risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. nicholsm@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000193:education; D000886:Anthropometry; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards; D016014:Linear Models; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014621:Vagina