title: Food-grade microemulsions based on nonionic emulsifiers: media to enhance lycopene solubilization.
abstract: Water-dilutable food-grade microemulsions consisting of ethoxylated sorbitan esters, and in some cases blended with other emulsifiers, water, (R)-(+)-limonene, ethanol, and propylene glycol, have been prepared. These microemulsions are of growing interest to the food industry as vehicles for delivering and enhancing solubilization of natural food supplements with nutritional and health benefits. Lycopene, an active natural lipophilic antioxidant from tomato, has solubilized in water-in-oil, bicontinuous, and oil-in-water types of microemulsions up to 10 times the oil [(R)-(+)-limonene] dissolution capacity. The effects of aqueous-phase dilution, nature of surfactant (hydrophilic-lypophilic balance), and mixed surfactant on solubilization capacity and solubilization efficiency were studied. Structural aspects studied by self-diffusion NMR were correlated to the solubilization capacity, and transformational structural changes were identified.
authors.affiliation: Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Organic Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Aviram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spernath
authors.forename: Anan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaghmur
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aserin
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garti
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004655:Emulsions; D000431:Ethanol; D005502:Food; D000077222:Limonene; D000077276:Lycopene; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011136:Polysorbates; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004655:Emulsions; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; D002338:Carotenoids; D000431:Ethanol; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D000077222:Limonene; D000077276:Lycopene