title: Pain and quality of life after treatment in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because survival in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is limited, pain control and quality of life (QOL) are important parameters. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of posttreatment pain and QOL of patients with LRRC treated with nonsurgical palliation or resection and identify predictors of poor outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Posttreatment pain severity and QOL were prospectively assessed in 45 patients with LRRC using the Brief Pain Inventory and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients received nonsurgical palliation, and 30 patients underwent resection of their pelvic tumors. There was a significant association between higher posttreatment pain scores and worse QOL (P <.001). Patients treated with nonsurgical palliation reported moderate to severe pain beyond the third month of treatment. Resected patients reported comparable levels of pain during the first 3 postoperative years, particularly after bony resections; long-term survivors (beyond 3 years), however, reported minimal pain and good QOL. Female sex, pelvic/sciatic pain at presentation, total pelvic exenteration, and bony resection were associated with higher rates of moderate to severe posttreatment pain (P =.04, P <.001, P =.04, and P =.02, respectively). Pain at presentation was an independent predictor of posttreatment pain (odds ratio, 7.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 30.3]; P =.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with LRRC treated with nonsurgical palliation or resection experience significant levels of pain after treatment. Close posttreatment pain monitoring is warranted in patients presenting with pelvic pain, and more aggressive pain management strategies may improve posttreatment QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Pain Research Group, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4009, USA. nesnaola@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Nestor F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Esnaola
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Margo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Attiqa N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Curley
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cleeland
authors.forename: Nora A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Janjan
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Skibber
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery