title: Are women more sensitive than men to 2-propanol and m-xylene vapours?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible differences between men and women in acute health effects after controlled short term chamber exposure to vapours of two common organic solvents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty six healthy volunteers (28 per sex) were exposed to 150 ppm 2-propanol, 50 ppm m-xylene, and clean air for two hours at rest. The subjects rated symptoms on a visual analogue scale before, during, and after the exposure. Blinking frequency was measured continuously during exposure. Pulmonary function, nasal swelling, inflammatory markers (lysozyme, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, albumin) in nasal lavage and colour vision (Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel) were measured before and at 0 and 3 hours after the exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant sex differences in response to solvent exposure with respect to blinking frequency, lung diffusing capacity, nasal area and volume, inflammatory markers in nasal lavage, and colour vision. Increased symptoms were rated by both sexes for nearly all 10 questions during exposure to 2-propanol or m-xylene, most increases being significant at one time point at least. The rating of "discomfort in the throat or airways" increased more in women during exposure to 2-propanol or m-xylene. During exposure to 2-propanol the rating of "fatigue" was more increased in men after one hour, but more increased in women after two hours of exposure. With regard to pulmonary function, women had small but significant decreases in FVC, FEV(1)/FVC, and FEF(75) three hours after exposure to m-xylene, but only the decrease in FVC was significantly different from that in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that women are slightly more sensitive than men to the acute irritative effects of 2-propanol and m-xylene vapours.
authors.affiliation: Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Lena.Ernstgard@imm.ki.se
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ernstgård
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gullstrand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Löf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johanson
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D001767:Blinking / Q000187:drug effects; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000187:drug effects; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects; D014992:Xylenes / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014992:Xylenes; D019840:2-Propanol; C031285:3-xylene