title: Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in the United States.
abstract: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for about half of cervical cancers worldwide. This study investigated the seroepidemiology of HPV-16 infection in the United States by using a population-based survey. Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected from 1991 to 1994 for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV-16-specific IgG antibody was detected by use of an HPV-16 virus-like particle ELISA. HPV-16 seropositivity in the US population aged 12-59 years was 13.0% (95% confidence interval, 11.5%-14.7%). Seroprevalence was higher in women (17.9%) than in men (7.9%). Age, race/ethnicity, and number of lifetime sex partners were associated with HPV seropositivity in women. Race/ethnicity, age at first intercourse, urban/nonurban residence, years of sexual activity, and having had sex with a man were associated with HPV seropositivity in men. Information on HPV-16 seroepidemiology will be important for designing prevention efforts including vaccine programs.
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Karem
authors.forename: Maya R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: Geraldine M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McQuillan
authors.forename: Alysia D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Reeves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology