title: Element mixing distribution and structure feature of fusion zone in laser welding between different alloys and pure titanium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study micro morphology and element-mixing distribution of different alloys welded in laser and analyze the feasibility of laser welding different alloys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alloys and titanium were matched into 4 groups: Au-Pt with Ni-Cr; Au-Pt with pure Ti; pure Ti with Ni-Cr; Ni-Cr with Co-Cr. They were welded in laser. Changes in metallography after hybridization of crystalline grain, ranges of heat-affected zone and pores were observed through SEM with ultra-thin windowed X-ray energy atlas. Meanwhile 10 testing points were chosen with area of 300 micro m x 900 micro m along the welding surface from the side A alloy to the side B alloy, than the element mixing distribution and tendency were analyzed with X-ray energy atlas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. Hybridization of different alloys: (l) in the group of Au-Pt with Ti, there was titanium element mixing into Au-Pt tissue gradually and evenly on the Au-Pt side of the interface without clear boundary and increasing in size of crystalline grain. However, there was titanium crystalline grain increasing in size, irregular morphology and small sacks on the titanium side with clear boundary. (2) in the group of Ni-Cr with Ti, there was mixing regularly, slow transition and interlocks between crystalline grains on the Ni-Cr side of the in terface. Poor transition, clear boundary and small cracks were observed on titanium side. (3) in the group of Co-Cr with Ni-Cr, there was good transition, obscure boundary on both sides resulting from network, cylinder and branch structure growing. 2. Element-mixing distribution of different alloys. In fusion zone, the metal elements in matched groups mixed well and hybridized into new alloys except titanium blocks. The location of wave peak depended on the composition of alloys. Most of elements were from the alloy far from the fusion zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hybridization between pure titanium and any other alloys is not good The effect of laser welding different alloys is ideal except with pure titanium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Dental Hospital of Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116021, China.
authors.forename: Haishu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuecheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Changyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D012994:Dental Soldering; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014896:Welding
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D014025:Titanium