title: Cannabis use and dimensions of psychosis in a nonclinical population of female subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to explore the pattern of associations between cannabis use and dimensions of psychosis in a nonclinical population of female subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), a 42-item self-report questionnaire that evolved from the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory [Schizophr. Bull. 25 (1999) 553], was used to measure dimensions of psychosis in a sample of undergraduate female students (n=571). The participants were also asked to complete a self-report questionnaire collecting information on substance use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three correlated dimensions of positive, negative and depressive experiences were identified using principal components factor analysis. Frequency of cannabis use was independently associated with the intensity of both positive and negative psychotic experiences. No significant association was found between cannabis use and the depressive dimension, or between alcohol use and any of the three positive, negative and depressive dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional study supports the hypothesis that exposure to cannabis may induce the emergence of positive psychotic symptoms in subjects without clinical psychosis, and additionally suggests that cannabis users exhibit greater levels of negative symptoms. Prospective studies are required to explore the direction of causality and the impact of cannabis on the course of psychotic experiences in subjects from the general population.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U330, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France. helene.verdoux@ipso.u-bordeaux2.fr
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verdoux
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sorbara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gindre
authors.forename: Joël D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Swendsen
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Os
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors