title: 2-Deoxyglucose uptake during vocalization in the squirrel monkey brain.
abstract: In the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), the cerebral 2-deoxyglucose uptake was compared between animals made to vocalize by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey and animals stimulated in the same structure, but sub-threshold for vocalization. A significantly higher 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the vocalizers than the non-vocalizers was found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary and pre-supplementary motor area, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, primary motor cortex, claustrum, centrum medianum, perifornical hypothalamus, periaqueductal grey, intercollicular region, dorsal mesencephalic reticular formation, peripeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, nucl. ruber, paralemniscal area, trigeminal motor, principal and spinal nuclei, solitary tract nucleus, nucl. ambiguus, nucl. retroambiguus, nucl. hypoglossus, ventral raphe and large parts of the medullary reticular formation. The study makes clear that vocalization, even in the case of genetically pre-programmed patterns, depends upon an extensive network, beyond the well-known periaqueductal grey, nucl. retroambiguus and cranial motor nuclei pathway.
authors.affiliation: German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. ujerge@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ehrenreich
authors.forename: Nihal C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: De Lanerolle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012453:Saimiri; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D003847:Deoxyglucose