title: A topoisomerase II-dependent checkpoint in G2-phase plant cells can be bypassed by ectopic expression of mitotic cyclin B2.
abstract: DNA topoisomerase II is required for mitotic chromosome condensation and segregation. Here we characterize the effects of inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II activity in plant cells using the non-DNA damaging topoisomerase II inhibitor ICRF-193. We report that ICRF-193 abrogated chromosome condensation in cultured alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) mitoses and led to bridged chromosomes at anaphase. Moreover, ICRF-193 treatment delayed entry into mitosis, increasing the frequency of cells having a pre-prophase band of microtubules, a marker of late G2 and prophase, and delaying the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase. These data suggest the existence of a late G2 checkpoint in plant cells that is activated in the absence of topoisomerase II activity. To determine whether the checkpoint-induced delay was a result of reduced cyclindependent kinase activity, mitotic cyclin B2 was ectopically expressed. Cyclin B2 bypassed the ICRF-193-induced delay before mitosis, and correspondingly, reduced the frequency of interphase cells with a pre-prophase band. These data provide evidence that plant cells possess a topoisomerase II-dependent G2 cell cycle checkpoint that transiently inhibits mitotic CDK activation and entry into mitosis, and that is overridden by raising the level of CDK activity through the ectopic expression of a plant mitotic cyclin.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Velázquez 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Giménez-Abián
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weingartner
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Binarova
authors.forename: Duncan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Calderini
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heberle-Bors
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno Díaz de la Espina
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bögre
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De la Torre
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019926:Cyclin B; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; C070899:4,4'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-2,6-piperazinedione; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II