title: Evaluation of selected Sudanese medicinal plants for their in vitro activity against hemoflagellates, selected bacteria, HIV-1-RT and tyrosine kinase inhibitory, and for cytotoxicity.
abstract: Ethnobotanical investigations led to the selection of 19 plant species, used traditionally in Sudan against malaria and other similar tropical diseases, for further studies. Pamianthe peruviana (Amaryllidaceae) exhibited significant activity against a chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (K1) and a chloroquine-sensitive strain (NF54) with IC(50) values of 0.6 and 1.1 microg/ml, respectively. Additionally, P. peruviana showed considerable activities against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC(50) 1.5 microg/ml) and T. cruzi (IC(50) 11.8 microg/ml). The antiplasmodial activity of the different extracts of Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) against P. falciparum NF54 strain were found to be 0.6 microg/ml (stems) and 0.7 microg/ml (leaves). Extracts of different parts of Combretum hartmannianum (Combretaceae) possessed significant activity against the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum strain (NF54) with IC(50) values of 0.2 microg/ml (bark), 0.4 microg/ml (stem) and 4.3 microg/ml (leaves). Most interestingly, the extracts of the leaves of C. hartmannianum totally inhibited the enzyme HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) at a concentration of 66 microg/ml. A comparably strong activity against p56(lck) tyrosine kinase was also seen for this extract.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaminsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013397:Sudan; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase