title: Relationship between velocity and temporal variables of the flat shod running walk.
abstract: The running walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse is often described as a faster variation of the walk, indicating the importance of velocity on the mechanics of the gait. Variations in gait variables create difficulties in clearly identifying the normal and abnormal running walk in a clinical evaluation. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to describe the flat shod running walk and to determine the relationship between velocity and the running walk. From frame-by-frame analysis of 60 Hz film, temporal variables were averaged for 6 strides from 6 horses performing an 'easy' (slow) and 'strong' (fast) running walk during a flat shod, easy-rider Tennessee Walking Horse show class. The running walk at both velocities was a 4-beat, symmetrical stepping gait with a lateral footfall sequence and lateral couplets. The velocity ranged from mean +/- s.d. 2.66 +/- 0.34 to 3.80 +/- 0.18 m/s. For both velocities (slow, fast), hind stance as a percentage of stride duration (58 +/- 3%, 56 +/- 2%) was significantly longer than fore (51 +/- 5%, 48 +/- 1%); diagonal advanced placement (29 +/- 2%, 37 +/- 4%) and lift-off (35 +/- 5%, 39 +/- 2%) were significantly longer than lateral (advanced placement: 22 +/- 2%, 12 +/- 3%; lift-off: 18 +/- 4%, 10 +/- 2); and lateral bipedal support (50 +/- 9%, 67 +/- 7%) was significantly longer than diagonal (27 +/- 6%, 16 +/- 4%). Strong correlations were found between velocity and diagonal advanced placement (0.640), lateral lift-off (-0.924) and diagonal (-0.648) and lateral (0.904) bipedal support. Understanding the running walk and the gait variations due to velocity may be important to both the performance and soundness of the Tennessee Walking Horse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nicodemus
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D014741:Video Recording; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology