title: New regulatory co-receptors: inducible co-stimulator and PD-1.
abstract: Autoreactive lymphocytes are suppressed in healthy individuals by so-called peripheral tolerance. Accumulating evidence indicates that co-receptor signaling plays a pivotal role in the regulation of autoreactive lymphocytes. The positive regulatory co-receptors CD28 and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) transduce stimulatory cosignals, whereas the negative regulatory co-stimulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 are critical for the regulation of peripheral tolerance and autoimmunity. PD-1 deficient mice develop lupus-like glomerulonephritis and arthritis on a C57Bl/6 background and autoimmune-dilated cardiomyopathy on a BALB/c background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D008024:Ligands; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; C556694:Icos protein, mouse; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D008024:Ligands; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011506:Proteins; D000069594:Abatacept