title: Complex partial status epilepticus induced by a microinjection of kainic acid into unilateral amygdala in dogs and its brain damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to investigate kainic acid (KA)-induced amygdaloid seizure and seizure-induced brain damage in dogs, and to compare these findings with that in other species, a KA-induced seizure model in dogs was produced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal beagle dogs were used. A Teflon cannula for KA injection was inserted into the left amygdala, and cortical or depth electrodes were positioned. One week after surgery, 1.5 microg of KA was microinjected into the left amygdala. EEGs and the behavior of the animals were monitored for 2 months after KA injection. In addition, neuron-specific enolase levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-NSE) were measured intermittently. At 2 months after the injection, histopathological studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KA-treated dogs showed limbic seizures that started from the left amygdala within 30 min after injection. The seizures developed into complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE), and started independently from the bilateral amygdala during the CPSE. The CPSE lasted for 1-3 days, and the animals showed no spontaneous seizures during the 2-month observation period. A significant increase in CSF-NSE was observed immediately after CPSE. Histopathologically, extensive necrosis, which formed large cavity lesions, was observed around the bilateral amygdala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A microinjection of KA into unilateral amygdala in dogs induced CPSE. The seizures elicited independently from bilateral amygdala, and bilateral limbic structures suffered extensive injury. In addition, CSF-NSE was demonstrated as a useful marker of acute neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounanchou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan. dj-die@td5.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orima
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007608:Kainic Acid