Synthesis of classical and nonclassical, partially restricted, linear, tricyclic 5-deaza antifolates.
Seven novel 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridine derivatives 3-9 with different benzyl and a benzoyl substitution at the N7 position were designed and synthesized, as classical and nonclassical, partially restricted, linear tricyclic 5-deaza antifolates. The purpose was to investigate the effect of conformational restriction of the C6-C9 (tau(1)) and C9-N10 (tau(2)) bonds via an ethyl bridge from the N10 to the C7 position of 5-deaza methotrexate (MTX) on the inhibitory potency against dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from different sources and on antitumor activity. The synthetic methodology for most of the target compounds was a concise five-step total synthesis to construct the tricyclic nucleus, 2,4-diamino-5-deaza-7H-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridine (23), followed by regioselective alkylation of the N7 nitrogen. Biological results indicated that this partial conformational modification for the classical analogue N-[4-[(2,4-diamino-5-deaza-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-g]pteridin-7-yl)methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid 3 was detrimental to DHFR inhibitory activity as well as to antitumor activity compared to MTX or 5-deaza MTX. However, the classical analogue 3 was a better substrate for folypolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) than MTX. These results show that a classical 5-deaza folate partially restricted via a bridge between the N10 and C7 positions retains FPGS substrate activity and that the antitumor activity of classical tricyclic analogues such as 3 would be influenced by FPGS levels in tumor systems. Interestingly, the nonclassical analogues 4-9 showed moderate to good selectivity against DHFR from pathogenic microbes compared to recombinant human DHFR. These results support the idea that removal of the 5-methyl group of piritrexim along with restriction of tau(1) and tau(2) can translate into selectivity for DHFR from pathogens.
Gangjee
Aleem
A
Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA. gangjee@duq.edu
Zeng
Yibin
Y
McGuire
John J
JJ
Kisliuk
Roy L
RL
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000737:chemistry; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C023103:folylpolyglutamate synthetase; D008727:Methotrexate