title: Indications for tracheotomy in the pediatric intensive care unit population: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the indications for tracheotomy in patients requiring prolonged intubation (>1 week) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review and follow-up telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care center PICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracheotomy or extubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients older than 30 days in the PICU intubated for longer than 1 week between 1997 and 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study, 63 total admissions required intubation for longer than 1 week. A tracheotomy was necessary in 14% of admissions (n = 9). The mean length of intubation before the tracheotomy was 424 hours, whereas the mean length of intubation without the need for tracheotomy was 386 hours. Length of intubation, age, and number of intubations did not increase the probability of having a tracheotomy. Of those requiring a tracheotomy, 2 had tracheomalacia, 1 had subglottic edema, 1 had plastic bronchitis, 1 had Down syndrome with apnea resulting in right heart failure, 3 required long-term ventilation after cardiopulmonary collapse, and 1 had mitochondrial cytopathy. Of these 9 children, 7 were successfully decannulated, 1 patient died of underlying disease, and 1 patient remained cannulated secondary to the mitochondrial cytopathy. Twenty families of the patients who did not undergo a tracheotomy were reached by telephone after discharge. Most of the families reported that their children were free of stridor and hoarseness after extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children tolerate prolonged intubation without laryngeal complications. The consideration for tracheotomy in the PICU setting must be highly individualized for each child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Section of Pediatric Otolaryngology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koltai
authors.forename: A Marc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Elumalai
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Appachi
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bourdakos
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connor
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009820:Ohio; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome