title: Homocysteine and cognitive function in the elderly: the Rotterdam Scan Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are associated with AD and vascular dementia, but the relation with cognitive performance in nondemented elderly people is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of tHcy and cognitive function in the elderly, and assess whether this may be mediated by structural brain changes on MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rotterdam Scan Study is a population-based study of 1,077 nondemented elderly. Cognitive performance was assessed, and compound scores were constructed for psychomotor speed, memory function, and global cognitive function. Cerebral infarcts, white matter lesions, and generalized brain atrophy were measured on MRI. The cross-sectional relationship between tHcy levels and neuropsychological test scores was assessed by multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean tHcy level was 11.5 micro mol/L (SD 4.1). Increasing tHcy levels were associated with lower scores for psychomotor speed, memory function, and global cognitive function, and this was largely due to the association with tHcy levels in the upper quintile (>14 micro mol/L). Adjusted differences between test scores of participants in the upper quintile as compared with the lower four quintiles of tHcy were -0.26 (95% CI: -0.37; -0.14) for psychomotor speed, -0.13 (95% CI: -0.27; 0.01) for memory function, and -0.20 (95% CI: -0.30; -0.11) for global cognitive function. These associations were not mediated by structural brain changes on MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated tHcy levels are associated with decreased cognitive performance in nondemented elderly people, and the relation was most marked for psychomotor speed. This association was independent of structural brain changes on MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Den Heijer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jolles
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine