title: Effectiveness of different emulsifiers for neem oil against the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) and the warehouse moth (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae).
abstract: The neem tree produces highly specified acting insecticides mainly in its seeds. By pressurizing or extracting the seeds an insecticide oil can be manufactured. For successful application emulsifiers are needed to render the oil soluble in water. The heavy oil has to be stable in emulsion, but on the other hand the surfactant should not reduce the ecological property of the neem oil. The emulsifiers Lutensol TO10, Emulan ELP, Rimulgan and Tween 80 and for comparison the formulation NeemAzal-T/S were tested in their emulsion stability, as well as in their insecticidal effects towards two different insect pests: The western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and the ware house moth Ephestia elutella. The emulsifiers were applied purely, and in different contents mixed in neem oil. Data showed significant differences of mortality and development on the tested pests. Lutensol TO10 and Emulan ELP caused spontaneous mortality on the western flower thrips and an additive efficacy when mixed with neem oil. Rimulgan led to mortality of the larvae of the warehouse moth. NeemAzal showed in both bioassays the highest efficacy of 95% mortality.
authors.affiliation: Humboldt-University, Institute of Horticulture/Phytomedicine, Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Foresty, Institute for Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schroer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sermann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reichmuth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büttner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D005079:Excipients / Q000592:standards*; D005989:Glycerides; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007302:Insect Repellents; D007313:Insecta; D009036:Moths; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D005989:Glycerides; D007302:Insect Repellents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; C002443:neem oil