title: A bulged stem tethers Est1p to telomerase RNA in budding yeast.
abstract: It is well established that the template for telomeric DNA synthesis is provided by the RNA subunit of telomerase; however, the additional functions provided by most of the rest of the RNA (>1000 nucleotides in budding yeast) are largely unknown. By alignment of telomerase RNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and six Kluyveromyces species followed by mutagenesis of the S. cerevisiae RNA, we found a conserved region that is essential for telomere maintenance. Phylogenetic analysis and computer folding revealed that this region is conserved not only in primary nucleotide sequence but also in secondary structure. A common bulged-stem structure was predicted in all seven yeast species. Mutational analysis showed the structure to be essential for telomerase function. Suppression of bulged-stem mutant phenotypes by overexpression of Est1p and loss of co-immunoprecipitation of the mutant RNAs with Est1p indicated that this bulged stem is necessary for association of Est1p, a telomerase regulatory subunit. Est1p in yeast extract bound specifically to a small RNA containing the bulged stem, suggesting a direct interaction. We propose that this RNA structure links the enzymatic core of telomerase with Est1p, thereby allowing Est1p to recruit or activate telomerase at the telomere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA.
authors.forename: Anita G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: April J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Livengood
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tzfati
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cech
mesh_terms: D017124:Conserved Sequence; D009154:Mutation; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012331:RNA, Fungal; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C099024:EST1 protein, S cerevisiae; D019098:Telomerase