title: Comparison of the hepatic clearances of campesterol, sitosterol, and cholesterol in healthy subjects suggests that efflux transporters controlling intestinal sterol absorption also regulate biliary secretion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently identified ABCG5/8 transporters are responsible in part for the different absorption rates of campesterol, sitosterol, and cholesterol. These transporters are also expressed in the liver and might regulate biliary sterol secretion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was therefore conducted to determine the biliary secretion rates and hepatic clearances of campesterol, sitosterol, and cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy, male volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deuterium labelled sitosterol and campesterol, and unlabelled sitostanol were constantly infused together with a liquid formula using a duodenal perfusion technique. Biliary secretion and hepatic clearance rates were calculated from hourly bile and plasma samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol averaged 167.5 (50) mg/dl (SD), 0.50 (0.22) mg/dl, and 0.30 (0.10) mg/dl, respectively. Sitosterol showed a significantly higher biliary secretion rate (1.23 (0.87) mg/h) than campesterol (0.76 (0.54) mg/h, p=0.0321), but both plant sterols had significantly lower biliary secretion rates compared with cholesterol (47.7 (17.5) mg/h; p=0.001 for both). Hepatic clearance of cholesterol (0.31 (0.18) dl/h) was significantly lower compared with campesterol (2.11 (2.51) dl/h) and sitosterol (4.97 (4.70) dl/h; p=0.028 for both), and the clearance of campesterol was significant lower compared with sitosterol (p=0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed inverse relation between hepatic clearance and known intestinal absorption of cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol supports the hypothesis that the ABCG5/8 transporters regulating intestinal sterol absorption might also be involved in biliary sterol excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sudhop
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindenthal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lüers
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Bergmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003903:Deuterium; D004386:Duodenum; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010477:Perfusion; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; D013261:Sterols; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D003903:Deuterium