title: Up-regulation of components of the renin-angiotensin system in the bile duct-ligated rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin II (ANG II) has profibrotic actions in the heart and kidney, whereas blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) attenuates injury. This study examines whether the RAS is present in the liver and examines its regulation in the bile duct-ligation model of hepatic fibrogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sham-operated and bile duct-ligated (BDL) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Gene and protein expression of hepatic renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and the angiotensin receptors AT1 and AT2 were assessed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, in vitro autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiotensinogen and renin messenger RNA were detected in sham liver but were not increased following BDL. Angiotensinogen protein was widely distributed in hepatocytes in both normal and injured livers, but in BDL livers, it was also expressed within areas of active fibrogenesis. Both ACE and AT1 receptor genes were up-regulated following BDL. The low level of ACE activity in sham animals was significantly increased in areas of active fibrogenesis in BDL livers. The AT1 receptor was present in both normal and diseased liver parenchyma, with increased AT1 receptor binding seen in fibrotic areas in the diseased liver. The AT2 receptor gene was not detected in normal or diseased liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key elements of the RAS are present in normal liver tissue, and there is major up-regulation of the system in the bile duct-ligated liver. These findings are in keeping with recent experimental studies that have demonstrated antifibrotic effects of RAS blockade in the bile duct-ligated liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin and Repatriation Medical Center, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paizis
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Josefa M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schembri
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tikellis
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Angus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001652:Bile Ducts; D003199:Computer Systems; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation