title: Impaired antioxidant status and decreased dietary intake of antioxidants in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared plasma antioxidant/oxidant status and the dietary nutrient intake of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to those of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 97 consecutive patients with SLE and 97 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples from 19 patients and 19 controls were subjected to analyses of plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and malone dialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the plasma. All patients and controls were interviewed using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration was lower in patients, but this difference was not statistically significant. Plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower in patients than in controls, and the plasma malone dialdehyde level was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The intake of all major dietary antioxidants, including vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin C, but not retinol, was lower in patients than in controls, but this difference was significant only for vitamin A and beta-carotene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that plasma antioxidant status is impaired and dietary antioxidant intake is decreased in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine and the Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-792, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol