title: Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in healthy subjects and normoalbuminuric diabetic patients: validity of a new (MDRD) prediction equation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on the data derived from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study, a new equation was developed for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This equation, which takes into account body weight, age, sex, serum creatinine, race, serum urea, and serum albumin, provided a more accurate estimation of GFR in patients with renal insufficiency. However, this prediction equation has not been validated in subjects with normal or supra-normal GFR.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, we measured GFR by inulin clearance in 46 healthy controls and 46 non-complicated type 1 diabetic patients. In this study population, GFR was predicted by measured creatinine clearance, the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and the MDRD equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the healthy subjects, mean GFR (+/-SD) was 107+/-11 as compared to 122+/-18 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the diabetic patients. This difference in GFR was reflected by a lower serum creatinine (76+/-8 vs 71+/-8 micro mol/l) in the diabetic patients. In the healthy controls, median absolute differences (and the 50th-75th-90th percentile of percentage absolute differences) between predicted and measured GFR were 5.2 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (4.9-9.8-18.5%) for creatinine clearance, 9.0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (8.6-14.3-24.6%) for the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and 10.7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (10.9-16.3-25.5%) for the MDRD equation. In the diabetic patients, these differences were 8.3 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (7.6-9.3-13.0%) for creatinine clearance; 11.8 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (10.1-16.0-22.5%) for the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and 18.8 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (16.0-24.2-31.9%) for the MDRD equation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In subjects with a normal or increased GFR, the new MDRD-prediction equation of GFR is less accurate than creatinine clearance or the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and offers no advantage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands. g.vernoort@aig.azn.nl
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vervoort
authors.forename: Hans L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Jack F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D003404:Creatinine