A mapping and evolutionary study of porcine sex chromosome genes.
A combination of FISH and RH mapping was used to study the evolution of sex chromosome genes in the pig. In total, 19 genes were identified, including 3 PAR genes (STS, KAL, PRK). The gene order of the porcine X Chromosome (Chr) closely resembled the human X Chr (PRK/STS/KAL-AMELX-EIF2s3X/ZFX-USP9X-DBX-SMCX), suggesting that the porcine X has undergone very little rearrangement during evolution. For the porcine Y Chr, two linkage groups of 10 NRY genes were found, and the following order was established: Ypter-(AMELY-EIF2S3Y/ZFY-USP9Y-DBY/UTY)-(TSPY-SMCY-UBE1Y-SRY)-CEN. This gene order showed greater conservation with the murine Y than with the human Y Chr. In addition, all porcine Y Chr genes mapped to Yp, which is similar to the mouse and included EIF2s3Y and UBE1Y, which are not present in humans. Interestingly, complete conservation of X/Y homologous gene order was found between the pig X and Y Chrs, indicating that the porcine Y Chr has not undergone extensive reorganisation with respect to the X. This suggests that the order of the X/Y homologous genes of the porcine X and Y Chrs may closely resemble the ancestral gene order of the eutherian sex chromosomes.
Quilter
Claire R
CR
Human Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK. crq20@hermes.cam.ac.uk
Blott
Sarah C
SC
Mileham
Alan J
AJ
Affara
Nabeel A
NA
Sargent
Carole A
CA
Griffin
Darren K
DK
D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002877:Chromosomes, Human; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021101:Radiation Hybrid Mapping; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome; D014998:Y Chromosome