title: Distribution of injected MRI contrast agents in mouse livers studied by confocal and SIMS microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents injected intravenously into mouse livers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parallel studies were performed on fluorescent europium and nonfluorescent, paramagnetic gadolinium and on a product combining nanoparticles of Fe and Texas Red to obtain combined information on the distribution of these molecules inside the liver. The distribution of different superparamagnetic iron oxides was also studied because the size of these new compounds is not always convenientfor microcirculation studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Europium and Texas Red can be detected by confocal microscopy. Europium, iron and gadolinium can be detected by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy. Studies confirmed the complementarity of both microscopies. They also confirmed the possibility of using europium as a model of gadolinium to analyze thefate of MRI contrast agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology can be used on mice injected intravenously and analyzed by confocal and SIMS microscopy to localize MRI contrast agents inside cellular and tissue specimens of mice.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U494, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, France. kahn@imed.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lizard
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petiet
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brau
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frouin
authors.forename: Jean-René
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jourdain
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guiraud-Vitaux
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colas-Linhart
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siauve
authors.forename: Charles-André
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuenod
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frija
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todd-Pokropek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002127:Calcium Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005063:Europium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007503:Iron Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007554:Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008536:Meglumine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011194:Potassium Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012964:Sodium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002127:Calcium Isotopes; D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007503:Iron Isotopes; D007554:Isotopes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011194:Potassium Isotopes; D014966:Xanthenes; C064572:gadobenic acid; C000499:ferric oxide; D005063:Europium; D008536:Meglumine; C034657:Texas red; D012964:Sodium