title: The negative immunoregulatory effects of serotonin (5-HT) moduline, an endogenous 5-HT1B receptor antagonist with anti-anxiety properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serotonin (5-HT) has negative immunoregulatory effects by reducing the interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)/interleukin-10 (IL-10) production ratio by stimulated immune cells. Leukocytes have functional 5-HT1B receptors. 5-HT moduline, an endogenous 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, may antagonize the 5-HT1B agonist-induced proliferation of immune cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of 5-HT moduline on the stimulated production of IFNgamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and IL-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5-HT moduline, 10(-6) M and 10(-5)M, significantly reduced the production of IFNgamma and the IFNgamma/IL-10 ratio. 5-HT moduline 10(-5)M significantly reduced the production of TNFalpha. The combination of 5-HT, 15 microg/mL, with 5-HT moduline, 10(-6)M and 10(-5)M, further decreases the IFNgamma/IL-10 production ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-HT moduline has negative immunoregulatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. crc.mh@skynet.be
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kenis
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bosmans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D044302:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C102005:5-HT-moduline; C470302:HTR1B protein, human