title: Race and glomerulonephritis in patients with and without hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  United States investigators have shown evidence of higher susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in blacks than in whites. This association between race and FSGS has not been assessed outside the US. The present study assesses the association between race and type of glomerulonephritis in a sample of Brazilian patients, taking into account the presence of the hepatosplenic form of Schistosomiasis mansoni (HSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were compared to 50 with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The association between race (i.e. black versus white) and type of glomerulonephritis was adjusted for age, gender and HSM by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks were more likely than whites to have FSGS (as compared to MPGN), both among patients with HSM (odds ratio (OR) = 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81 - 8.81) and without HSM (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 0.79 - 6.05). After adjustment for age, gender and HSM, the odds of FSGS remained significantly greater for blacks (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.05 - 5.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased likelihood of FSGS in Brazilian blacks is consistent with findings from US patients. The association between race and type of glomerulonephritis was similar between patients with and without HSM. Future investigations should focus on the mediators factors that might explain these findings.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Epidemiology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. aaslopes@ufba.br
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Port
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*