title: Treatment for the decline of ionized calcium levels during peripheral blood progenitor cell harvesting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ACD-A solution containing sodium citrate and citric acid is used as an anticoagulant agent during peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvesting, and in rare cases can cause fatal citrate intoxication. The aim of this study was to establish effective methods for stabilizing ionized calcium (ICa) levels during PBPC harvesting.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICa was measured during 46 apheresis procedures conducted in 26 patients. Four patients in four procedures were infused with calcium gluconate solution before PBPC harvesting; three patients in six procedures were infused with calcium gluconate when symptoms of citrate intoxication appeared; and four patients in five procedures received a continuous infusion. Five patients in five procedures took an isotonic sports drink containing calcium when hypocalcemic symptoms appeared. The ICa level, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICa declined rapidly from the preapheresis level of 1.081(+/-0.092) mM to 0.937(+/-0.081) mM (13.3%, p < 0.0001) 10 minutes after the start of apheresis and continued to decline until the completion of the procedure. When patients received a continuous infusion of calcium during apheresis, ICa was relatively stabilized. ICa significantly rose (6.1 +/- 3.6%, p < 0.02) within 2 to 5 minutes after oral intake of an isotonic sports drink containing calcium and was maintained within normal range for 31 to 55 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An isotonic sports drink containing calcium has a quick stabilizing and a longer maintenance effect on ICa. Thus, we recommend the intake of an isotonic sports drink containing calcium as the easiest and best method for preventing hypocalcemia during apheresis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Division of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. m-kishi@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohto
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shikama
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Izo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimijima
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takenoshita
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001628:Beverages; D001781:Blood Component Removal; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002412:Cations / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002412:Cations; C002113:acid citrate dextrose; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019343:Citric Acid; D005947:Glucose; D002125:Calcium Gluconate; D002118:Calcium