title: Olfactory fingerprints for major histocompatibility complex-determined body odors II: relationship among odor maps, genetics, odor composition, and behavior.
abstract: The olfactory system detects small differences in the composition of natural odorants, made up of hundreds of molecules. Odorous quality is hypothetically represented by a combinatorial code: activation of distinct but overlapping subsets of olfactory receptors resulting in activation of a distinct subset of glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Here we show that modification of a single gene (the K gene of the major histocompatibility locus), which results in a subtle change in the odiferous quality of urine, causes a small but significant change in the composition of urine volatiles and consequently the evoked glomerular activation pattern in the MOB. The magnitude of disparity between urine-evoked glomerular activation patterns is predictive of the extent of (1) the genetic difference among the urine donors, (2) the difference in the chemical composition of urine, and (3) the odor detector's ability to discriminate. These data on natural odors are consistent with the combinatorial code hypothesis and identify subsets of glomeruli that are apt to play a significant role in mediating individual recognition.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Michele L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger