title: Early ambulation after diagnostic angiography using 4-f catheters and sheaths: a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and safety of early ambulation in patients undergoing transfemoral diagnostic angiography using 4-F catheters or sheaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study approved by the institutional review board, patients undergoing diagnostic angiography were randomized to ambulate 3 or 6 hours after catheter or sheath removal. All patients were assessed for hematoma formation, pseudoaneurysm development, and other groin complications during the in-hospital recovery period and after 30 days. Patient satisfaction and comfort level were also assessed by survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 110 patients (66 men; mean age 64.9 +/- 12.8 years) who participated in this study, 47 were randomized to the 6-hour (6-H) group and 63 to the 3-hour (3-H) group. In the 3-H and 6-H groups, respectively, a 4-F catheter was used in 45 (71%) and 35 (74%) patients and a 4-F sheath in 18 (29%) and 12 (26%). No clinically significant groin complications were encountered in either group. Moderate to severe discomfort was reported in 9 (16%) of the 56 patients responding to the discomfort survey in the 3-H group compared to 10 (26%) of the 38 in the 6-H survey respondents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible and safe to ambulate patients 3 hours after diagnostic angiography performed with a 4-F catheter with or without a 4-F sheath. Early ambulation of patients after angiography has the additional benefits of increasing patient satisfaction and resource utilization.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Vascular Health and Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA. dowlink@mail.amc.edu
authors.forename: Kyran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siskin
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stainken
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dolen
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sansivero
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quarfordt
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R Clement
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Darling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004434:Early Ambulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors