title: Cytokine profile of chronic sinusitis in patients with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inflammatory-cell and cytokine profiles of chronic sinusitis (CS) are well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the pathogenesis of this condition in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether patients with CF have inflammatory-cell and cytokine profiles that differ from other patients with CS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CF (n = 7) and adults with CS (n = 7) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited for the study. Patients with no allergies or sinus disease (n = 6) were used as controls. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we assessed sinus mucosal specimens for the presence of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages, and neutrophils. Using in situ hybridization, we assessed the expression of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon gamma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher number of neutrophils, macrophages, and cells expressing messenger RNA for interferon gamma and IL-8 in patients with CF than in patients with CS or in controls (P<.01). The number of eosinophils and cells expressing messenger RNA for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 was higher in patients with CS than in those with CF and controls (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinus disease in patients with CF presents different inflammatory-cell and cytokine profiles than that seen in other patients with CS. These results may explain the difference in response to treatment in the CF group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sobol
authors.forename: Pota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christodoulopoulos
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manoukian
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hauber
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frenkiel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desrosiers
authors.forename: Moto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukakusa
authors.forename: Melvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schloss
authors.forename: Qutayba
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators