title: Interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and EDTA in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees C.
abstract: To develop a nisin- and lysozyme-based antimicrobial treatment for use with processed ham and bologna, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether inhibition enhancing interactions occur between the antimicrobials lysozyme, chrisin (a commercial nisin preparation), EDTA, NaCl and NaNO(2). Inhibitory interactions were observed between a number of agents when used against specific pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The observed interactions included lysozyme with EDTA (Enterococcus faecalis and Weissella viridescens), chrisin with EDTA (all Gram-positive organisms), EDTA with NaCl (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Serratia grimesii), EDTA with nitrite (E. coli, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Listeria monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium), chrisin with nitrite (Lc. mesenteroides, L. monocytogenes), and NaCl with nitrite (S. Typhimurium, Shewanella putrefaciens). Previous reports have described interactions between nisin with EDTA that resulted in enhanced antimicrobial effect against Gram-negative bacteria, or lysozyme with nisin against Gram-positive bacteria. These interactions were not observed in these experiments. We observed that unlike previous studies, these experiments were conducted on growing cells in nutrient broth, rather than under conditions of nutrient limitation. We propose that screening of antimicrobials for use in food systems in nutrient-deficient systems is inappropriate and that new protocols should be developed.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, 250 Ellis Building, 13 Freedman Crescent, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.
authors.forename: Alexander O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Holley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002417:Cattle; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D009113:Muramidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D009561:Nisin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004492:Edetic Acid; D009113:Muramidase