title: Mutations in the Bemisia tabaci para sodium channel gene associated with resistance to a pyrethroid plus organophosphate mixture.
abstract: The voltage-gated sodium channel is the primary target site of pyrethroid insecticides. In some insects, super knockdown resistance (super-kdr) to pyrethroids is caused by point mutations in the linker fragment between transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of the para-type sodium channel protein domain II (IIS4-5). Here, we identify two mutations in the IIS4-5 linker of the para-type sodium channel of the whitefly, BEMISIA TABACI: methionine to valine at position 918 (M918V) and leucine to isoleucine at position 925 (L925I). Although each mutation was isolated independently from strains >100-fold resistant to a pyrethroid (fenpropathrin) plus organophosphate (acephate) mixture, only L925I was associated with resistance in strains derived from the field in 2000 and 2001. The L925I mutation occurred in all individuals from nine different field collections that survived exposure to a discriminating concentration of fenpropathrin plus acephate. Linkage analysis of hemizygous male progeny of unmated heterozygous F1 females (L925Ixwild-type) shows that the observed resistance is tightly linked to the voltage-gated sodium channel locus. The results provide a molecular tool for better understanding, monitoring and managing pyrethroid resistance in B. tabaci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Forbes 410, Tucson 85721, USA. morins@ag.arizona.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Goodson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Tabashnik
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dennehy
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001681:Biological Assay; D017931:DNA Primers; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D015222:Sodium Channels