title: Submicromolar doses of alkyl-lysophospholipids induce rapid internalization, but not activation, of epidermal growth factor receptor and concomitant MAPK/ERK activation in A431 cells.
abstract: Synthetic ALPs, e.g., Et-18-OCH(3) and HePC, are anticancer agents that accumulate in cell membranes, where they interfere with lipid-mediated signal transduction. We previously reported that ALPs, when added at micromolar concentrations (5-25 microM), inhibit growth factor-induced MAPK/ERK activation and enhance radiation-induced apoptosis. We now show that, at nanomolar doses (10-500 nM), ALPs activate the MAPK/ERK pathway in A431 cells without stimulating cell proliferation. Strikingly, ALPs (500 nM) also trigger rapid clustering and internalization of the EGFR in A431 cells. Tyrphostin AG1478, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks ALP-induced MAPK/ERK activation but not EGFR internalization. We found no evidence for ALPs acting via G protein-coupled receptors and/or transactivation of EGFRs, as determined by calcium mobilization, EGFR phosphorylation and Grb2 binding assays. Since ALPs readily intercalate into the plasma membrane, our data suggest that they induce subtle changes in the lipid microenvironment of the EGFR, resulting in clustering and internalization of the EGFR and concomitant MAPK/ERK activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ruiter
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verheij
authors.forename: Shuraila F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zerp
authors.forename: Wouter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Moolenaar
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Van Blitterswijk
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002118:Calcium; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D011506:Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; C495948:GRB2 protein, human