title: Oxidized LDL metabolites with high family risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considering the importance of primary prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) from childhood, especially in children with high family risk for premature atherosclerosis, and also the importance of oxidized LDL in the process of atherosclerosis, the main metabolites of ox-LDL i.e. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Conjugated diene (CDE) have been measured in children of high risk families and compared with a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents (6-18 years) of parents with premature myocardial infarction (MI < or = 55 y in men and < or = 65 y in women), were selected as the case group. The control group included neighbors of the case group matched for age and socioeconomic status. All samples have been selected by simple random sampling. Both the case and control groups were divided in two subgroups: those with a total cholesterol and/or LDL-C > or = 95th centile and those with normal lipid levels. Each subgroup consisted of 32 subjects, so 128 subjects were studied (64 in the case and 64 in the control group). MDA and CDE were measured by spectrophotometry using molar absorbivity. Data were analyzed by SPSSv10/Win software using ANOVA, Bonferroni, Scheffe-Duncan, Tukey-HSD, and the Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean MDA value in the case and control groups was significantly different (1.84 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.67 +/- 0.41 micromol/L, p=0.03), but this difference was not significant regarding the mean CDE level (0.50 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.04 micromol/L, p>0.05). The mean MDA level in the case group with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher than that in the case group without hyperlipidemia (1.985 +/- 0.516 vs. 1.690 +/- 0.366, micromol/L, P=0.02) and also higher than control group with or without hyperlipidemia (1.985 +/- 0.516 vs. 1.720 +/- 0.389, 1.615 +/- 0.429 micromol/L respectively, P<0.05). The mean CDE level in the case group with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher than the case group without hyperlipidemia (0.542 +/- 0.034 vs. 0.494 +/- 0.049 micromol/L, P=0.04) and higher than the control group with or without hyperlipidemia (0.542 +/- 0.034 vs. 0.464 +/- 0.051, 0.484 +/- 0.048 micromol/L respectively, p<0.05). In case boys with hyperlipidemia, the mean MDA (2.03 +/- 0.2 micromol/L) and the mean of CDE (0.56 +/- 0.04 micromol/L) was significantly higher than other subgroups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in children with high family risk for premature CVD, special attention should be paid to consumption of foods and seasoning containing antioxidants from childhood especially in high risk families.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. isfcarvasrc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.forename: Gholam Ali
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nadery
authors.forename: Sedigheh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asgary
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000032:analysis*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein