title: Autonomic function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autonomic function (AF) is attenuated by heart failure (HF). Reports have been based on studies of young patients with systolic heart failure (SHF). However, HF is a disease of older patients who are more likely to have diastolic heart failure (DHF). We investigated whether age alters AF in elderly HF patients and whether the haemodynamic type of HF influences AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six elderly HF (Framingham criteria) patients (11 with SHF, 25 with DHF) and 21 matched healthy subjects underwent simple bedside AF tests. Compared with the reference values for healthy adults, the mean E:I ratios and the median 30:15 ratios standing were all essentially normal. The median 30:15 ratios tilt and the mean Valsalva ratios were all significantly below the reference value (P for all cases <<0.050). Comparing three groups, there were no significant differences for mean E:I ratio (P=0.111), 30:15 tilt (P=0.619) and 30:15 standing (P=0.167), whereas there were significant differences for the mean Valsalva ratios (P=0.001). The mean Valsalva ratio of the SHF patients was significantly lower than that for the DHF patients (P<0.001) which in turn was significantly lower than the result of the healthy subjects (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an age-related impairment in AF with further impairment occurring in patients with HF. However, the severity of autonomic dysfunction is less in patients with DHF compared with patients with SHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Liverpool, The Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK. m.zi@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wisniacki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donnellan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors