title: Enhanced overexpression of an HIF-1/hypoxia-related protein in cancer cells.
abstract: Cap43 is a protein whose RNA is induced under conditions of severe hypoxia or prolonged elevations of intracellular calcium. Additionally, Ni and Co also induce Cap43 because they produce a state of hypoxia in cells. Cap43 protein is expressed at low levels in normal tissues; however, in a variety of cancers, including lung, brain, melanoma, liver, prostate, breast, and renal cancers, Cap43 protein is overexpressed in cancer cells. The low level of expression of Cap43 in some normal tissues compared with their cancerous counterparts, combined with the high stability of Cap43 protein and mRNA, makes the Cap43 gene a new, important cancer marker. We hypothesize that the mechanism of Cap43 overexpression in cancer cells involves a state of hypoxia characteristic of cancer cells where the Cap43 protein becomes a signature for this hypoxic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cangul
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salnikow
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zagzag
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Commes
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein; C497442:HIF1A protein, human