title: Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery in the contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the advent of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), technological advances, adjunctive pharmacotherapy, and increasing operator experience have contributed to lowering the occurrence of major complications. However, emergency coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) for failed PCI is still associated with important morbidity and mortality, even in the era of coronary stenting. We sought to determine the prevalence, indications, predictors, and complications of emergency CABG after PCI in the past decade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 18 593 PCIs performed from 1992 through 2000. There was a need for emergency CABG in 113 (0.61%) cases. The major indications were extensive dissection (n=61, 54%), perforation/tamponade (n=23, 20%), and recurrent acute closure (n=23, 20%). Prevalence of emergency CABG decreased from 1.5% of PCIs in 1992 to 0.14% in 2000 (P<0.001). Independent predictors of the need for emergency CABG included the worst ACC/AHA scoring of the intervened lesion (P<0.001) and female sex (P= 0.028), whereas history of prior bypass surgery and use of stents resulted in a decreased need for emergency CABG (P<0.001 for both). In patients undergoing emergency CABG, there were 17 (15%) in-hospital deaths, 14 (12%) perioperative Q-wave myocardial infarctions, and 6 (5%) cerebrovascular accidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for emergency CABG has considerably decreased over time. Risk factors include female sex and a higher ACC/AHA score of the intervened lesion. However, morbidity and mortality of emergency CABG remain high even in the new millennium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seshadri
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Whitlow
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houghtaling
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009820:Ohio; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015995:Prevalence; D011361:Professional Competence; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex