title: Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenases.
abstract: Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase introduces a molecular oxygen at carbon 12 of arachidonic acid to generate a 12-hydroperoxy derivative. The enzymes generate 12-hydroperoxy derivatives with either S- or R-configurations. There are three isoforms of 12S-lipoxygenases named after the cells where they were first identified; platelet, leukocyte and epidermis. The leukocyte-type enzyme is widely distributed among cells, but the tissue distribution varies substantially from species to species. The platelet and epidermal enzymes are present in only a relatively limited number of cell types. Although the structures and enzymatic properties of the three isoforms of 12S-lipoxygenases have been elucidated, the physiological roles of the 12S-lipoxygenases are not yet fully understood. There are important roles for the enzymes and their products in several biological systems including those involved in atherosclerosis and neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. yoshimot@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tanihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase