title: Delivered dose and vascular response after beta-radiation for in-stent restenosis: retrospective dosimetry and volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observations from previous intracoronary radiation therapy trials noted a considerable discrepancy between the prescribed radiation dose and the dose actually delivered. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of actual delivered dose on vascular changes and to test the appropriateness of the current dose prescription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis was performed in 30 in-stent restenosis cases treated with a 40-mm (90)Sr/Y source train. The fixed dose was prescribed at 2 mm from the centerline of the source train (18.4 Gy at 2 mm for reference diameter < or =3.35 mm and 23 Gy for diameter > or =3.36 mm). Only stent segments with full radiation coverage and device injury were enrolled and divided into 2-mm-long subsegments (n=202). D(S90)EEM (the minimum dose absorbed by 90% of the external elastic membrane surface) was calculated as the delivered dose corresponding to each segment, assuming that the radiation catheter occupied the same position in the vessel as the IVUS catheter. Mean D(S90)EEM of 23.5+/-5.82 Gy (range 12.3 to 41.7 Gy) was delivered to these subsegments. Overall, intimal hyperplasia volume remained constant from postintervention to follow-up (2.23+/-1.10 to 2.32+/-1.09 mm3/m; P=NS). Regression analysis revealed there was no correlation between delivered dose intensity and changes in intimal hyperplasia volume. No particular dose-dependent complications were appreciated in this delivered dose range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current dose-prescription protocol of (90)Sr/Y radiation to native in-stent restenosis lesions may provide substantial inhibition of neointimal reproliferation regardless of the actual delivered dose intensity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Cardiovascular Interventions, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif 94305-5637, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Ali H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: Warren K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Laskey
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suntharalingam
authors.forename: Heidi N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yock
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D001610:Beta Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014654:Vascular Patency