title: Influence of plant species on the biological control activity of the antagonistic rhizobacterium Rhizobium etli strain G12 toward the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita.
abstract: The influence of plant species on the antagonistic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium Rhizobium etli G12 towards the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was studied. The crops tested were tomato, cucumber, cotton, soybean and pepper. The plants were evaluated for the following parameters: root gall-index, total number of galls and egg masses of M. incognita, as well as shoot and root fresh weight and root length. Results indicated a clear influence of plant species on the ability of R. etli G12 to reduce nematode infection. Based on the root gall index, nematode control by R. etli G12 was higher on vegetables (tomato, cucumber, pepper) than on field crops (soybean, cotton). Reduction in galling ranged from 17% for cotton to 50% for tomato. R. etli G12 also reduced the actual number of galls produced. The reduction in the number of galls produced between crops was not affected significantly as was seen when a galling index was used to measure activity. The reduction in the number of galls was similar in level for all the crops studied and ranged from 34% for cucumber to 47% for tomato. There was a significant reduction in the number of egg masses produced by the females ranging from 37% for soybean to 70% for pepper. This indicated a direct effect on female development in the root after penetration or delayed penetration on certain crops. The bacteria caused significant increases in shoot fresh weight from 11% for soybean to 31% for pepper and in root fresh weight from 3% for soybean to 39% for tomato and in root length from 11% for cucumber to 24% for pepper. R. etli G12 gave significant control of M. incognita on a broad range of host plants, but the level of control varied. The suitability of each plant species, therefore, must be examined before R. etli G12 can be recommend for control of this nematode.
authors.affiliation: Soil-Ecosystem Phytopathology and Nematology, Institut für Pflanzenkrankheiten Universität Bonn, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallmann
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sikora
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002212:Capsicum / Q000469:parasitology; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000469:parasitology; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000469:parasitology; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology