title: An analysis of the pattern of pregnancy loss in women with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pattern of pregnancy loss in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage (RM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary referral center for RM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred thirty-eight subjects with RM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with antiphospholipid syndrome were treated with clexane and aspirin; some patients with uterine anomalies underwent corrective surgery, and some cases of retarded endometrium were treated with hMG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy outcome, including the stage of pregnancy at which pregnancy loss occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women with a prothrombotic state, the miscarriage rate before the detection of fetal heart activity (early loss) in the untreated group (50%) was significantly higher than in the treatment group (17.5%). In women with a uterine anomaly, the early loss rate and the later loss rate (after detection of fetal heart activity) were both increased. Women with retarded endometrium, women with >/=6 losses, and older women (>/=41 years) are more likely to have a further early loss but not a later loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An understanding of the patterns of pregnancy loss provides further insight into the mechanism of the reproductive failure, which has implications for treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Jessop Wing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom. tin.li@sth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Tin Chiu
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tanzeem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anstie
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gillham
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laird
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007246:Infertility / Q000150:complications; D007621:Karyotyping; D008423:Maternal Age; D008499:Medical Records; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000150:complications