title: Prostanoid receptor subtypes.
abstract: Prostanoids are a group of lipid mediators that include the prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Upon cell stimulation, prostanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and released outside the cells to exert various physiological and pathological actions in a variety of tissues and cells. The activities of prostanoids are mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors, which have been classified on the basis of pharmacological experiments into eight types and subtypes according to their responsiveness to selective agonists and antagonists. These prostanoid receptors have been cloned from various species including human, and their distinct binding properties and signal transduction pathways have been characterized by analyses of cells expressing each receptor. Furthermore, the distribution patterns of prostanoid receptor mRNAs have been determined in tissues and cells for various species. This information is useful for understanding the molecular basis of the pathophysiological actions of prostanoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan. aichikaw@pharm.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D011453:Prostaglandins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin