title: Does bleach disinfection of syringes protect against hepatitis C infection among young adult injection drug users?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a major public health problem among injection drug users. In this analysis we examine whether disinfection of syringes with bleach has a potentially protective effect on anti-HCV seroconversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a nested case-control study comparing 78 anti-HCV seroconverters with 390 persistently anti-HCV seronegative injection drug users. These data come from the Second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study, a prospective cohort study that recruited injection drug users from five U.S. cities between 1997 and 1999. We used conditional logistic regression to determine the effect of bleach disinfection of syringes on anti-HCV seroconversion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants who reported using bleach all the time had an odds ratio (OR) for anti-HCV seroconversion of 0.35 (95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.62), whereas those reporting bleach use only some of the time had an odds ratio of 0.76 (0.21-2.70), when compared with those reporting no bleach use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that bleach disinfection of syringes, although not a substitute for use of sterile needles or cessation of injection, may help to prevent HCV infection among injection drug users.
authors.affiliation: Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, NY 10029, USA. fkapadia@nyam.org
authors.forename: Farzana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: Don C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Des Jarlais
authors.forename: Steffanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strathdee
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerndt
authors.forename: Edward V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Morse E
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Garfein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004203:Disinfection; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016485:Needle Sharing; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D013594:Syringes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies