title: In vitro photodynamic properties of chalcogenopyrylium analogues of the thiopyrylium antitumor agent AA1.
abstract: Several series of chalcogenopyrylium dyes were prepared with one or two 4-anilino substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and with phenyl, 4-N,N-dimethylanilino, or 4-(N-morphilino)phenyl substituents at 2- and/or 4-positions. The dye series are all related in structure to AA1, a thiopyrylium dye that targets mitochondria. The chalcogenopyrylium nuclei included sulfur, selenium, and tellurium at the 1-position. Key intermediates in the dye synthesis were the corresponding Delta-4H-chalcogenopyran-4-ones. All of the dyes of this study were evaluated for dark and phototoxicity toward Colo-26 cells in vitro. There was no correlation of dark toxicity with either the reduction potential of the chalcogenopyrylium dye or the n-octanol/water partition coefficient, log P. Several of the dyes of this study (thiopyrylium dyes 1-S and 13-S, selenopyrylium dyes 1-Se, 2-Se, 3-Se, 4-Se, 13-Se, 14-Se, and 27-Se, and telluropyrylium dye 13-Te) showed added phototoxicity upon irradiation. Dyes with the highest therapeutic ratio as measured by dark toxicity/phototoxicity (15 J cm(-2) of 360-800-nm light) had values of log P of 1.0-1.2. Studies of cytochrome c oxidase activity in whole R3230AC cells suggested that dyes 1-S and 3-Se, with values of log P of 2.2 and 1.7, respectively, were localized in the mitochondria. Cytocrome c oxidase activity in whole cells was inhibited by 1-S and 3-Se in the dark. Chalcogenopyrylium dyes 2-Se, 4-Se, 13-Te, and 14-Se inhibited whole-cell cytochrome c oxidase activity only following irradiation, which suggests that these dyes relocalized to mitochondria following irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Sherry R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Sandra O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Gollnick
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Oseroff
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilf
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Detty
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D018011:Chalcogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003624:Darkness; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008027:Light; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011714:Pyrans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry; D013691:Tellurium / Q000737:chemistry; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D018011:Chalcogens; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011714:Pyrans; D013876:Thiophenes; C086431:2,6-bis(4-aminophenyl)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)thiopyrylium; D013455:Sulfur; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D012643:Selenium; D013691:Tellurium