title: Plant-cell bioreactors with simultaneous electropermeabilization and electrophoresis.
abstract: Experimental investigations on using low-level electric currents and voltages to extract, transport, and collect intracellular secondary metabolites from plant cells while maintaining their viabilities were conducted focusing on the production of: (1) ionic betalains, mainly negatively-charged betanin, from Beta vulgaris cells, and (2) ionic alkaloids, particularly positively-charged ajmalicine and yohimbine, from Catharanthus roseus cells. Three versions of tubular membrane reactors in which electropermeabilization of cell membranes and electrophoresis and diffusion of ionic products take place simultaneously, with or without convective flow, to achieve desirable extraction were developed. Concentrations of secondary metabolites produced from these plant-cell reactors under steady and oscillatory electrical forcings were recorded and the viabilities of treated cells examined. Oscillatory application of electrical field appears to produce more products while retaining higher cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Bioreaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6102, USA. ryang@mail.wvu.edu
authors.forename: R Y K
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayraktar
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000378:metabolism; D050858:Betalains; D019149:Bioreactors; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018274:Electroporation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D063245:Plant Development; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; D015016:Yohimbine; D050858:Betalains; C005709:raubasine