title: Understanding people who smoke and how they change: a foundation for smoking cessation in primary care, part 2.
abstract: The purpose of this 2-part article is to develop an understanding of people who smoke and how they change as a foundation for the delivery of smoking cessation interventions in primary care. Central to our approach is the transtheoretical model of change (TMC). The TMC is an evidence-based model of behavior change that has been developed and tested during the past 2 decades by Prochaska and his colleagues in the context of smoking cessation. We use a review of the literature, in-depth interviews of people who successfully quit smoking, and our experience applying the TMC in the context of primary care and a smoking cessation clinic to explore the clinical work of smoking cessation. This is part 2 of the article "Understanding People Who Smoke and How They Change: A Foundation for Smoking Cessation in Primary Care." Part 1 describes the theoretical information known about smoking cessation: why smoking is a powerful behavior, the scientific background of the TMC, and the building-block constructs of the TMC. The first section of part 2 is a review of the Public Health Service clinical practice guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, published in 2000. The second chapter of part 2 is a discussion of clinical assessments and strategies for working with smokers grounded in the Public Health Service practice guideline, our understanding of people who smoke, and the TMC. Woven throughout are transcripts of interviews with 4 people in which they describe their experiences smoking and their pathways to cessation.
authors.affiliation: Smoking Cessation Clinic, Division of General Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Añel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D032763:Behavior Control; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States; D014492:United States Public Health Service