Use of semi-permeable membrane devices and solid-phase extraction for the wide-range screening of microcontaminants in surface water by GC-AED/MS.
An automated GC-MS-based screening method was developed for over 400 industrial, agrochemical and household chemicals. Extracted ion chromatograms were used and the method was aimed at creating a minimum number of false positives. The compound polarity range usually associated with solid-phase extraction was extended to include very apolar, bioaccumulative, compounds by using the complementary semi-permeable membrane device technique. Real-life samples were taken at four locations in the main Dutch river systems and one in an agricultural area. Some 150 compounds were detected in the low-ng/l to low-microg/l range. Next to the target compounds, several brominated and chlorinated non-target compounds were detected by means of GC with atomic emission detection and tentatively identified using mass spectral library searching.
van Stee
Leo L P
LL
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. vstee@chem.vu.nl
Leonards
Pim E G
PE
van Loon
Willem M G M
WM
Hendriks
A Jan
AJ
Maas
Johanna L
JL
Struijs
Jaap
J
Brinkman
Udo A Th
UA
D001331:Automation; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification
D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical