title: Pharmacological preconditioning: comparison of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane in rabbit myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent investigations showed that isoflurane can induce pharmacological preconditioning. The present study aimed to compare the potency of four different halogenated anaesthetics to induce preconditioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthetized open-chest rabbits underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Before this, rabbits were randomized into one of five groups and underwent a treatment period consisting of either no intervention for 45 min (control; n = 10), or 30 min of 1 MAC halogenated anaesthetic inhalation followed by 15 min of washout. End-tidal concentrations of halogenated agents were 3.7% for sevoflurane (n = 11), 1.4% for halothane (n = 9), 2.0% for isoflurane (n = 11), and 8.9% for desflurane (n = 11). Area at risk and infarct size were assessed by blue dye injection and tetrazolium chloride staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) infarct size was 54 (18)% of the risk area in untreated controls and 40 (18)% in the sevoflurane group (P > 0.05, ns). In contrast, mean infarct size was significantly smaller in the halothane, isoflurane, and desflurane groups: 26 (18)%, 32 (18)% and 16 (17)%, respectively (P < 0.05 vs control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Halothane, isoflurane and desflurane induced pharmacological preconditioning, whereas sevoflurane had no significant effect. In this preparation, desflurane was the most effective agent at preconditioning the myocardium against ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital cardio-vasculaire Louis Pradel, Avenue Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Lyon Bron, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piriou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lhuillier
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loufoua
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raisky
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ovize
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lehot
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane