title: Hemodynamic effects of inhaled aerosolized iloprost and inhaled nitric oxide in heart transplant candidates with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is described as a predictor of postoperative right heart failure and increased mortality in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation. The use of intravenous vasodilators is limited by their systemic effects. We evaluated the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and inhaled aerosolized iloprost (IP) in heart transplant candidates with elevated PVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen male heart transplant candidates due to dilative or ischemic cardiomyopathia with elevated PVR (> or = 180 dyn s cm(-5)) were included in the study. Increasing concentrations of NO (5, 10 and 30 ppm) and 50 microg aerosolized IP were administered by inhalation. Hemodynamic measurements preceded and followed administration of each agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhalation of IP, 10, and 30 ppm NO reduced PVR and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), but did not affect blood pressure or systemic vascular resistance. Comparing the effectiveness of 10 ppm NO and IP, we found a significant higher reduction of MPAP in patients treated with IP. An increase of cardiac index and stroke index could only be shown with IP-inhalation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled iloprost induces pulmonary vasodilation which is significantly greater than the effects of 10 and 30 ppm NO. The results of our study show, that inhaled iloprost induces a reliable hemodynamic response in the evaluation of heart transplant candidates. Further advantages of iloprost inhalation are the lack of adverse reactions and toxic side effects and an easier administration. Due to this facts we recommend iloprost as a routine screening drug for vascular reactivity in HTx-candidates. Based on our results it would be of great interest to investigate the role of iloprost in management of postoperative right heart insufficiency following cardiac transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. sablotzki@aol.com
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sablotzki
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hentschel
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gruenig
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mühling
authors.forename: Marius G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dehne
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Czeslick
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016285:Iloprost / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016285:Iloprost