title: Management of severe bilateral nasal wall collapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine and analyze the pathology contributing to severe bilateral nasal wall collapse seen in certain revision rhinoplasty patients and identify those surgical maneuvers in the previous nasal surgery, which may have contributed to this complication; suggest alternatives or modifying steps in nasal surgery to prevent lateral wall collapse; analyze consecutive revision rhinoplasties and identify those patients who have complete bilateral nasal collapse at the internal nasal valve; and analyze the results achieved after surgical reconstruction of complete bilateral nasal collapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 49 patients, who presented from 1990 to 2000 for revision surgery, who had bilateral collapse of the upper lateral cartilage. All patients had at least one previous rhinoplasty and all but 14 patients had undergone two or more procedures. The patients were reconstructed with a conchal cartilage graft placed through an external rhinoplasty approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients complained of nasal obstruction with forced nasal inspiration. The collapse was visualized on inspiration and when prevented with intranasal positioning of a bayonet, all patients experienced an immediate improvement in nasal breathing. Postoperatively, all patients experienced this same improvement in their nasal airway. Collapse was not identified in any of the patients after surgery. Two patients underwent revision because of cosmetic asymmetries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We strongly recommend a cartilage overlay to reconstitute the rigid midline continuity of the upper lateral cartilages. Unfortunately, with any significant hump removal, this structural interruption is, to varying degrees, inevitable in most rhinoplasty techniques. The upper lateral cartilages can be sutured to circumvent some of the inferior drift, but this will not reconstitute the rigid lateral cantilever effect of the intact cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport 71130, USA. Fstuck@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Stucker
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013536:Suture Techniques