Negative mood, depressive symptoms, and major depression after smoking cessation treatment in smokers with a history of major depressive disorder.
Negative mood, depressive symptoms, and major depressive episodes (MDEs) were examined in 179 smokers with a history of major depression in a trial comparing standard smoking cessation treatment to treatment incorporating cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression (CBT-D). Early lapses were associated with relatively large increases in negative mood on quit date. Mood improved in the 2 weeks after quit date among those returning to regular smoking but not among those smoking moderately. Continuous abstinence was associated with short- and long-term reductions in depressive symptoms. MDE incidence during follow-up was 15.3% and was not associated with abstinence. Unexpected was that CBT-D was associated with greater negative mood and depressive symptoms and increased MDE risk. Results suggest complex bidirectional associations between affect and smoking outcomes.
Kahler
Christopher W
CW
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School/Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Christopher_Kahler@brown.edu
Brown
Richard A
RA
Ramsey
Susan E
SE
Niaura
Raymond
R
Abrams
David B
DB
Goldstein
Michael G
MG
Mueller
Timothy I
TI
Miller
Ivan W
IW
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors