title: Asthma management and environmental tobacco smoke exposure reduction in Latino children: a controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the efficacy of coaching to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among asthmatic Latino children.
  
  
  METHODS
  After asthma management education, families were randomly assigned to no additional service (control condition) or to coaching for ETS exposure reduction (experimental condition).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in San Diego, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred four Latino children (ages 3-17 years) with asthma participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 1.5 hours of asthma management education was provided; experimental families also obtained 7 coaching sessions ( approximately 45 minutes each) to reduce ETS exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reported ETS exposure and children's urine cotinine were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents in the coached condition reported their children exposed to significantly fewer cigarettes than parents of control children by 4 months (postcoaching). Reported prevalence of exposed children decreased to 52% for the coached families, but only to 69% for controls. By month 4, mean cotinine levels decreased among coached and increased among control children. Cotinine prevalence decreased from 54% to 40% among coached families, while it increased from 43% to 49% among controls. However, cotinine levels decreased among controls to the same level achieved by coached families by the 13-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthma management education plus coaching can reduce ETS exposure more than expected from education alone, and decreases in the coached condition may be sustained for about a year. The delayed decrease in cotinine among controls is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92123, USA. behepi@rohan.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Melbourne F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hovell
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: Georg E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Matt
authors.forename: C Richard
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Eli O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bernert
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pirkle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine