title: Alveolar macrophages as biomarkers of pulmonary irritation in kitchen workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alveolar macrophages (AM) are used as a biomarker of pulmonary irritation due to occupational exposure in the AM test. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a co-variation between the number of AM and exposure to cooking fumes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 62 volunteers. People who worked in a kitchen preparing hot meals were considered as occupationally exposed (35 persons). The exposed group was further divided into highly and slightly exposed persons according to the levels of fat aerosols and aldehydes in the working atmosphere. People who were not preparing hot meals were considered as unexposed (27 persons). The number of AM was counted in smears prepared from expectorate samples from each participant. Samples were taken on three different days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly occupationally exposed persons had a higher number of AM in their samples than both slightly occupationally exposed persons and unexposed persons. Highly exposed smokers had a statistically significantly higher number of AM compared with both slightly and unexposed smokers (P < or = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest an increase in the number of AM due to exposure to cooking fumes and a synergistic effect between occupational exposure and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Trondheim, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway. ingvill.sivertsen@rit.no
authors.forename: Ingvill
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
authors.forename: Ann Kristin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sjaastad
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Ase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krøkje
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002452:Cell Count; D003296:Cooking; D005223:Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012147:Restaurants; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005223:Fats