title: Craniofacial differences between Japanese and British Caucasian females with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.
abstract: The racial differences in the craniofacial structures of 28 Japanese and 24 British Caucasian females with Class III malocclusions associated with a severe skeletal pattern were examined using lateral cephalograms. The mean age of the Japanese and Caucasian patients was 19.6 +/- 3.5 and 20.2 +/- 3.8 years (+/- SD), respectively. The mean values of 14 linear and 13 angular cephalometric parameters were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the Japanese females had a significantly reduced anterior cranial base (P < 0.01), a more retrusive midfacial component (P < 0.05), and a significantly increased lower anterior facial height (P < 0.01) associated with a more obtuse gonial angle (P < 0.05) compared with the Caucasians. Analysis of the dento-alveolar component in Japanese patients indicated more proclined upper incisors (P < 0.01) compared with those of Caucasian subjects. The reduced anterior cranial base and midfacial component, and the high-angle facial pattern in the Japanese population, may be morphological features based on race, and these skeletal features seem to be less favourable for a skeletal Class III growth pattern compared with the Caucasian population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Kobe Children's Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Nigel P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D044465:White People