title: Potential revenue impact of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate potential revenue impacts of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the United States similar to the outbreak in the United Kingdom during 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Economic analysis successively incorporating quarantine and slaughter of animals, an export ban, and consumer fears about the disease were used to determine the combined impact.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data for cattle, swine, lambs, poultry, and products of these animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 1999 were used to calibrate a model for the US agricultural sector. Removal of animals, similar to that observed in the United Kingdom, was introduced, along with a ban on exportation of livestock, red meat, and dairy products and a reduction and shift in consumption of red meat in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The largest impacts on farm income of an FMD outbreak were from the loss of export markets and reductions in domestic demand arising from consumer fears, not from removal of infected animals. These elements could cause an estimated decrease of $14 billion (9.5%) in US farm income. Losses in gross revenue for each sector were estimated to be the following: live swine, -34%; pork, -24%; live cattle -17%; beef, -20%; milk, -16%; live lambs and sheep, -14%; lamb and sheep meat, -10%; forage, -15%; and soybean meal, -7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Procedures to contain an outbreak of FMD to specific regions and allow maintenance of FMD-free exports and efforts to educate consumers about health risks are critical to mitigating adverse economic impacts of an FMD outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Paarlberg
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ann H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Seitzinger
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D003132:Commerce; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008460:Meat / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D018803:Models, Economic; D011200:Poultry; D011790:Quarantine / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology