Waxing and waning in concert: dynamic comorbidity of conduct disorder with other disruptive and emotional problems over 7 years among clinic-referred boys.
Six waves of structured diagnostic assessments were conducted of 168 clinic-referred 7- to 12-year-olds, over 7 years. Wave-to-wave changes in the number of conduct disorder (CD) behaviors were paralleled by correlated changes in the numbers of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety. In addition, CD in Wave 1 predicted levels of ODD, ADHD, depression, and anxiety in later waves when initial levels of those symptoms were controlled, but only ODD in Wave 1 predicted CD in later waves when initial CD levels were controlled. These findings indicate a striking degree of dynamic comorbidity between CD and other types of psychopathology and provide an initial empirical framework for needed developmental models of comorbidity.
Lahey
Benjamin B
BB
Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. blahey@yoda.bsd.uchicago.edu
Loeber
Rolf
R
Burke
Jeffrey
J
Rathouz
Paul J
PJ
McBurnett
Keith
K
D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013997:Time Factors