title: Subconjunctival administration of bucillamine suppresses choroidal neovascularization in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bucillamine is an antirheumatic drug with antiangiogenic properties that is currently used in clinical practice. Because bucillamine inhibits the production of VEGF, it is possible that this drug may inhibit choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Thus, the effect of bucillamine on the eyes of rats with experimental CNV was investigated in vivo by subconjunctival injection or oral intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  CNV was induced in rat eyes by diode laser photocoagulation. The intensity of fluorescein leakage from the photocoagulated lesions was studied 7 and 14 days after photocoagulation. The areas of CNV lesions were measured histologically and studied immunohistochemically at days 4, 7, and 14. In addition, the concentration of the drug in ocular tissue and blood was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after the drug was delivered orally or subconjunctivally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After subconjunctival injection, fluorescein leakage from the CNV lesions decreased significantly compared with the control eyes throughout the study period. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses 4, 7, and 14 days after photocoagulation demonstrated that the average size of the CNV lesions was reduced in the bucillamine-treated eyes compared with the control eyes. Subconjunctival injection maximized the ocular drug concentration while minimizing the blood concentration of the drug compared with oral intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subconjunctival injection of bucillamine significantly reduced the leakage and size of experimental CNV. These results suggest that bucillamine may be beneficial in treating CNV and that further studies can be considered to evaluate this possibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yanagi-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Kimimasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Hidehito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002829:Choroid / Q000378:metabolism; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003228:Conjunctiva; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007267:Injections; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D003545:Cysteine; C026535:bucillamine