title: Evaluation of a solid-phase extraction method for benzoylecgonine urine analysis in a high-throughput forensic urine drug-testing laboratory.
abstract: A novel extraction and derivatization procedure for the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE) was developed and evaluated for use in a high-volume forensic urine analysis laboratory. Extractions utilized a Speedisk 48 positive pressure extraction manifold and polymer-based cation-exchange extraction columns. Samples were derivatized by the addition of pentafluoropropionic anhydride and pentafluoropropanol. All analyses were performed in selected ion monitoring mode; ions included m/z 421, 300, 272, 429, and 303 with m/z 421 to 429 ratio used for quantitation. The average extraction efficiency was 80%. Seventy-five common over-the-counter products, including prescription drugs, drug metabolites, and other drugs of abuse, demonstrated no significant interference with respect to chromatography or quantitation. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated at 12.5 ng/mL, and the assay was linear from 12.5 to 20,000 ng/mL with an r2 of 0.99932. A series of 20 precision samples (100 ng/mL) produced an average response of 97.8 ng/mL and a percent coefficient of variation of 4.1%. A set of 79 archived human urine samples that had previously been found to contain BZE were analyzed by 3 separate laboratories. The results did not differ significantly from prior quantitation or between laboratories. The Speedisk has proven viable for a high-volume production facility reducing overall cost of analysis by decreasing analysis time and minimizing waste production while meeting strict forensic requirements.
authors.affiliation: Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida 32212, USA.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gehlhausen
authors.forename: Carl K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Klette
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D004526:Efficiency; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine