title: Characterization of women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To characterize history, signs, and symptoms in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) and who had consulted with symptoms generally associated with the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three women with a history consistent with RVVC were interviewed regarding 32 parameters and 10 signs found at the clinical examination were noted. Candida cultures were made from the introitus and the posterior vaginal fornix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only in a few of the 43 women with and the 40 without a positive yeast culture could any of the many etiological factors that have been associated with RVVC be traced. Only two factors differed between the groups, namely yogurt intake, which was reported by 28 (68%) and 38 (95%) women in these groups, respectively. Vaginal douching was performed by 10 (23%) women in the Candida-positive group and by 17 (42%) women in the Candida-negative group. Pruritus and burning occurred in 31 (72%) and 22 (51%) of culture-positive patients, which was less frequent than in the culture-negative group, i.e. reported by 19 (47%) and 9 (22%) patients, respectively (p = 0.022 and p = 0.007). Edema (p = 0.026) of the vulva as well as erythema (p = 0.019) and edema (p = 0.008) of the vaginal mucosa, caseous discharge (p = 0.016), were found more often in the Candida culture-positive cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History and results of clinical examination of patients with RVVC are not enough to distinguish those who are culture-positive from those who are culture-negative for Candida from the genital tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Novikova
authors.forename: Per-Anders
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mårdh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D010808:Physical Examination; D012008:Recurrence