title: The role of gastroesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma.
abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been strongly associated with carcinogenesis of the lower esophagus and development of several otolaryngologic disorders. Epidemiologic studies support concept that the malignant transformation of laryngeal mucosal surfaces is due to GER-initiated chronic laryngeal inflammation. However, large clinical studies with matched control groups and further experimental investigations are necessary to ascertain the relationship between reflux and laryngeal carcinoma. This review stresses that early diagnosis of GER disease, based on clinical suspicion, ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring, and endoscopic examination, as well as effective treatment of reflux, are considered the keys for relief of symptomatology and preventing the chronic irritation of the laryngeal mucosa that may contribute to the development of laryngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patrikakos
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000209:etiology