title: Src kinase mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent rapid endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation by estrogen.
abstract: 17beta-Estradiol activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), enhancing nitric oxide (NO) release from endothelial cells via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)/Akt pathway. The upstream regulators of this pathway are unknown. We now demonstrate that 17beta-estradiol rapidly activates eNOS through Src kinase in human endothelial cells. The Src family kinase specific-inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) abrogates 17beta-estradiol- but not ionomycin-stimulated NO release. Consistent with these results, PP2 blocked 17beta-estradiol-induced Akt phosphorylation but did not inhibit NO release from cells transduced with a constitutively active Akt. PP2 abrogated 17beta-estradiol-induced activation of PI3-kinase, indicating that the PP2-inhibitable kinase is upstream of PI3-kinase and Akt. A 17beta-estradiol-induced estrogen receptor/c-Src association correlated with rapid c-Src phosphorylation. Moreover, transfection of kinase-dead c-Src inhibited 17beta-estradiol-induced Akt phosphorylation, whereas constitutively active c-Src increased basal Akt phosphorylation. Estrogen stimulation of murine embryonic fibroblasts with homozygous deletions of the c-src, fyn, and yes genes failed to induce Akt phosphorylation, whereas cells maintaining c-Src expression demonstrated estrogen-induced Akt activation. Estrogen rapidly activated c-Src inducing an estrogen receptor, c-Src, and P85 (regulatory subunit of PI3-kinase) complex formation. This complex formation results in the successive activation of PI3-kinase, Akt, and eNOS with consequent enhanced NO release, implicating c-Src as a critical upstream regulator of the estrogen-stimulated PI3-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors.forename: M Page
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Diviya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hisamoto
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collinge
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004967:Estrogens; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014443:Tyrosine; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; C494918:AKT1 protein, human