title: An in vitro model of neurotrauma in organotypic spinal cord cultures from adult mice.
abstract: Cellular degeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) involves numerous pathways. It is essential to use appropriate experimental models in order to understand the complex processes, which evolve after the initial trauma. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess an in vitro model of neurotrauma using organotypic slice culture of adult mice spinal cord. This model will facilitate the investigation of primary and secondary mechanisms of cell death that occurs after SCI. We modified previously described methods for generating organotypic cultures of murine spinal cord. The viability of organotypic cultures was assessed by observing the outgrowth of neurites and by using a mitochondria dependent dye for live cells (tetrazolium dye; MTT). The morphological integrity of cultures was examined histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for general morphology and with luxol fast blue (LFB) for myelin. Neuronal and glial (GFAP; CNPase) markers were used to identify neurons, astrocytes and oligodendroglia, respectively. Primary injury was achieved by using a weight drop (0.2 g) model of injury. Cell death after primary injury was attenuated by pre-treatment with two known neuroprotective agents: the AMPA/KA blocker CNQX and methylprednisolone. The nuclear markers Propidium iodide and Sytox-green, as well as the TUNEL (in situ terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) technique, were used as a quantitative indicators of cell death at 24, 48 and 72 h post-injury using a confocal microscope and image analysis software. This novel in vitro model of SCI is easy to reproduce, will facilitate the examination of post-trauma cell death mechanisms and the neuroprotective effects of pharmacological agents and aid in the study of transgenic murine models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Krassioukov
authors.forename: Alun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ackery
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Yana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adamchik
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fehlings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013256:Steroids
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013256:Steroids