title: Assessment of cardiac output, intravascular volume status, and extravascular lung water by transpulmonary indicator dilution in critically ill neonates and infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cardiac output, intrathoracic blood volume, global end-diastolic volume, and extravascular lung water in critically ill neonates and small infants using transpulmonary indicator dilution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critically ill neonates and small infants suffering from severe heart failure, respiratory failure, or sepsis (n = 10).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 194 transpulmonary indicator dilution measurements were done. Global end-diastolic volume, intrathoracic blood volume, and stroke volume were measured and compared with standard hemodynamic parameters during the clinical course and before and after volume loading (16 +/- 3.7 mL/kg of 10% albumin solution) in 8 of 10 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive correlation was found for stroke volume index versus global end-diastolic volume (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and intrathoracic blood volume (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). In contrast, no correlation was observed for stroke volume index versus central venous pressure. Volume loading resulted in significant increases in stroke volume index (p < 0.01), global end-diastolic volume (p < 0.01), and intrathoracic blood volume (p < 0.01); whereas central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and extravascular lung water remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpulmonary indicator dilution enables measurement of cardiac output and intravascular volume status in critically ill neonates and infants at the bedside. The effects of volume loading on cardiac preload and effective change in stroke volume can be monitored by this technique, whereas central venous pressure was not indicative of changes in intravascular volume status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. schiffi@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schiffmann
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erdlenbruch
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herting
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoeft
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buhre
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume; D002302:Cardiac Output; D016638:Critical Illness; D003971:Diastole; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007223:Infant; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume