title: Scrotal temperatures do not differ among young boys wearing disposable or reusable diapers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effect of specific, commonly used diaper types on scrotal temperatures in normal healthy, young boys. These included both modern disposable and reusable diapers as well as various types of protective outer coverings that are in common use in both North America and Europe
  
  
  METHODS
  Scrotal and skin surface temperatures were continuously monitored in healthy, young males using a computerized data-logging system based on temperature probes specifically designed for paediatric studies. These systems could be used either tethered to the PC or made completely portable depending upon the age and activity of the child being measured. Based on our results from several pilot studies, it became clear that the best way to determine if disposable and reusable diapers differ with regard to their impact on scrotal temperatures is to run these comparisons under controlled laboratory conditions where "diaper type" was the primary variable. A 2-h time period was chosen to ensure that sufficient time had elapsed for thermal equilibrium to be established under the diapers. We also felt it necessary to study the impact of urination and simulated this condition over the last 15 min using standardized methods. In addition to the skin surface temperatures, we also measured the temperature of the tympanic membrane using an infrared thermometer as an estimate of "core" temperature for each individual at various times during the session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we have clearly shown that scrotal temperatures are the same whether the child is wearing disposable or reusable cloth diapers with a protective cover. The only situation in which scrotal temperatures were found to be lower is when the cloth diaper is used alone without a protective cover but this is not representative of how these products are actually used. We also found that on average scrotal temperatures are significantly lower than core for each diaper type. Occasionally, we did see individuals in which the maximal scrotal temperatures approached core temperatures but in every case the thermal sensors were soiled by a bowel movement. We also found that skin surface temperatures increased not only when covered by a diaper but also due to the thermal insulation provided by outer garments and blankets.
authors.affiliation: cyberDERM, inc., 275 New Darlington Road, Media, PA 19063-5607, USA. cyberderm@home.com
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wagman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Leyden
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003020:Clothing; D041381:Diapers, Infant; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology