Protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha): regulation and biological function.
Protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) is a serine/threonine kinase and a member of the conventional (classical) PKCs (cPKCs), which have four conserved (C1 to C4) regions. This ubiquitously expressed PKC isotype is activated in response to many different kinds of stimuli and translocates from cytosol to the specialized cellular compartments (nucleus, focal adhesion, caveolae, etc.) where it is presumed to work. Therefore, PKC alpha has been implicated in a variety of cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, motility, and inflammation. However, the responses induced by activation or overexpression of PKC alpha vary depending on the types, and sometimes conditions, of cells. For example, in some types of cells, PKC alpha is implicated in cell growth. In contrast, it may play a role in cell cycle arrest and differentiation in other types of cells. Therefore, alterations of cell responses induced by PKC alpha are not an intrinsic property of this isoform. The responses are modulated by dynamic interactions with cell-type specific factors: substrates, modulators and anchoring proteins.
Nakashima
Shigeru
S
Department of Biochemistry, Gifu University School of Medicine, Tsukasamachi 40, Gifu 500-8705. bio@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
C496628:PRKCA protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha