title: Cortical representation of Hering's nerve: a possible anatomical pathway for seizure cessation following electrical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We recently found that Hering's nerve stimulation (HNS) effectively blunts seizure activity. This study characterizes the cortical areas that are activated by HNS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hering's nerve (HN) was stimulated in 3 dogs and 6 pigs, and then the brains of the animals were removed. The insular and mesial temporal cortices were removed and evaluated for increased neuronal activity by examining Fos-like activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the dogs and pigs, Fos activity was elevated in the anterior insular and mesial temporal cortices. Increased cortical activity was not noted in adjacent areas such as the frontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the mesial temporal and anterior insular cortices are selectively activated by stimulation of HN, thus suggesting cortical loci at which HNS might blunt seizure activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. richard.tubbs@ccc.uab.edu
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Ravish V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wellons
authors.forename: W Jerry
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002346:Carotid Sinus / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D012640:Seizures / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos