title: The atheroprotective effect of dietary soy isoflavones in apolipoprotein E-/- mice requires the presence of estrogen receptor-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the mechanisms by which dietary soy inhibits atherosclerosis are unclear, one line of evidence implicates an important role for its phytoestrogenic isoflavones. We sought to determine whether soy isoflavones exert atheroprotective effects through estrogen receptor-dependent processes and, if so, which estrogen receptor subtype (ie, alpha or beta) is involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the effects of diets rich in soy protein that were either isoflavone depleted (0.04 mg/g protein isolate) or isoflavone-replete, or Soy(+IF) (1.72 mg/g protein isolate) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ee) mice that had been crossed with estrogen receptor-alpha- and -beta-deficient mice to produce double-knockout alphaalphaee and betabetaee mice and (estrogen receptor) wild-type controls (AAee and BBee). Both male and ovariectomized female mice were studied (n=10 to 17 per treatment group; total n=201). After 16 weeks, atherosclerosis was assessed by quantifying the aortic content of esterified cholesterol. Atherosclerosis was reduced 20% to 27% (P<0.05) by Soy(+IF) in betabetaee, BBee, and AAee mice but was unaffected in alphaalphaee mice. The inhibitory effect of Soy(+IF) was unrelated to sex, total plasma cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and HDL cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a necessary role for estrogen receptor-alpha-dependent processes in mediating the atheroprotective effects of dietary soy isoflavones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA. madams@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Register
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hodgin
authors.forename: Nobuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: J Koudy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D007529:Isoflavones; D008074:Lipoproteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D030262:Soybean Proteins