title: Biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and its mononitroso derivative hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine by Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SCZ-1 isolated from an anaerobic sludge.
abstract: In previous work, we found that an anaerobic sludge efficiently degraded hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), but the role of isolates in the degradation process was unknown. Recently, we isolated a facultatively anaerobic bacterium, identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SCZ-1, using MIDI and the 16S rRNA method from this sludge and employed it to degrade RDX. Strain SCZ-1 degraded RDX to formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (CH3OH) (12% of total C), carbon dioxide (CO(2)) (72% of total C), and nitrous oxide (N2O) (60% of total N) through intermediary formation of methylenedinitramine (O(2)NNHCH(2)NHNO(2)). Likewise, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) was degraded to HCHO, CH3OH, and N2O (16.5%) with a removal rate (0.39 micromol. h(-1). g [dry weight] of cells(-1)) similar to that of RDX (0.41 micromol. h(-1). g [dry weight] of cells(-1)) (biomass, 0.91 g [dry weight] of cells. liter(-1)). These findings suggested the possible involvement of a common initial reaction, possibly denitration, followed by ring cleavage and decomposition in water. The trace amounts of MNX detected during RDX degradation and the trace amounts of hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine detected during MNX degradation suggested that another minor degradation pathway was also present that reduced -NO2 groups to the corresponding -NO groups.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
authors.forename: Jian-Shen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halasz
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paquet
authors.forename: Chantale
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawari
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D012722:Sewage; D014227:Triazines; C009160:cyclonite