title: The effect of treatment on the age-antibody relationship in children infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium.
abstract: The effect of praziquantel treatment on the age-antibody relationship was studied in 174 children aged between 6 and 17 years from a schistosome endemic area in Zimbabwe. The children were co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium with infection prevalences of 74% and 53% respectively. Antibody levels for the isotypes IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, directed against soluble egg antigen were measured using an indirect ELISA assay. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in levels of IgG2 and IgG3 while levels of IgA decreased significantly. In untreated children there were significant decreases in levels of IgG4. Treatment also resulted in significant alteration in the age-antibody profiles for the isotypes IgE, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 in treated children but not in untreated children. The results are discussed in the context of factors believed to give rise to the age-antibody relationship; i.e. age-related exposure patterns, age-related development of acquired immunity, age-related hormonal changes and age-related changes in innate susceptibility to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Veterinary School, University of Glasgow, UK. f.mutapi@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mutapi
authors.forename: Takafira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mduluza
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ndhlovu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood*; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D011223:Praziquantel