title: Annelid epithelia as models for electrogenic Na+ transport.
abstract: The electrogenic Na(+) absorption across tight epithelia from invertebrates follows the principles analog to the mechanisms found in vertebrates. Extracellular Na(+)-ions pass the apical cell membranes through highly selective Na(+) channels and follow an electrochemical gradient which is sustained by the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases. These apical Na(+) channels are selectively blocked by amiloride and represent the rate-limiting target for the control of transcellular Na(+) uptake. Although annelids express ADH-like peptide hormones, they lack the osmoregulatory mineralocorticoid system with the vertebrate-specific key hormone aldosterone. Thus, their epithelia may represent interesting models for investigation of ion transport regulation. While the formation of urine in the nephridia of, for example, leeches had been subject to intensive studies, the investigation of ion transport across their body wall was largely neglected. We use dissected segments of integuments from the limnic leech Hirudo medicinalis and, recently, from the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris for Ussing chamber experiments. We investigate transintegumental ion transport with focus on control of electrogenic Na(+) uptake and the amiloride-sensitive part of it and identified several extracellular factors as peptide hormones, tri- and divalent cations or purinergic molecules with regulatory effects on it. Meanwhile, there exists a macroscopic view on Na(+) absorption; however, other ion transport mechanisms across annelid integuments still await scientific effort. Here we present a concise synopsis about the electrophysiology of annelid integuments to illustrate the state of science and to evaluate whether further studies in this particular field may be of interest.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Tierphysiologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Wartweg 95, Giessen, Germany. Mikael.K.Schnizler@physzool.bio.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnizler
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krumm
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Clauss
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000845:Annelida / Q000378:metabolism*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005618:Fresh Water; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D007865:Leeches; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D023421:Models, Animal; D009835:Oligochaeta; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000584:Amiloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012964:Sodium