title: Development of a noninvasive measure of pelvic and hip angles in seated posture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a valid noninvasive means to measure pelvic tilt and hip angle in seated posture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation cohort study using radiographs as a criterion standard for pelvic posture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 10 adult men with no known physical disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographs were taken as subjects sat in erect, anterior, and posterior postures. An electromagnetic tracking device was as a pointer to digitize the anterior superior and posterior superior iliac spines and as a 6 degrees of freedom (df) sensor mounted on the thigh and sacrum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Variables included pelvic tilt and hip flexion angle. Intra- and interrater reliability of radiographic measures was determined by using intraclass correlation coefficient comparison of the results from 2 investigators. Validity was determined by comparing noninvasive measures of pelvic and hip angles to radiographic measures by using correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability of radiographic measures of pelvic tilt and hip angles were >/=.98. Pelvic tilt comparison: pointer: r=.89, R(2)=.80; 6-df sensor: r=.91, R(2)=.83; hip angle comparison using 6-df sensor: r=.78 with average difference of 4.25 degrees. ANOVA showed that differences between all invasive and noninvasive measures did not differ significantly (P>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated excellent reliability of radiographic analysis techniques and represented an improvement over previously published techniques. Noninvasive measures of pelvic tilt and hip angle were shown to be valid.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA. gogators@compuserve.com
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sprigle
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wootten
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bresler
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Flinn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011187:Posture; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012399:Rotation; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D014910:Wheelchairs