title: Human umbilical vein endothelium-derived cells retain potential to differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells.
abstract: Mouse embryonic stem-derived cells were recently shown to differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we investigated whether human umbilical vein endothelium-derived cells retain the potential to differentiate into smooth muscle cells. Examination of biochemical markers, including basic calponin, SM22alpha, prostaglandin E synthase, von Willebrand factor, and PECAM-1, as well as cell contractility, showed that whereas endothelium-derived cells cultured with fibroblast growth factor can be characterized as endothelial cells, when deprived of fibroblast growth factor, a significant fraction differentiates into smooth muscle-like cells. Reapplication of fibroblast growth factor reversed this differentiation. Activin A was up-regulated in fibroblast growth factor-deprived, endothelium-derived cells; moreover, the inhibitory effects of exogenous follistatin and overexpressed Smad7 on smooth muscle-like differentiation confirmed that the differentiation was driven by activin A signaling. These findings indicate that when deprived of fibroblast growth factor, human umbilical vein endothelium-derived cells are capable of differentiating into smooth muscle-like cells through activin A-induced, Smad-dependent signaling, and that maintenance of the endothelial cell phenotype and differentiation into smooth muscle-like cells are reciprocally controlled by fibroblast growth factor-1 and activin A.
authors.affiliation: Age Dimension Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishisaki
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Ai-Jun
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497806:SMAD7 protein, human; D051906:Smad7 Protein; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C422405:activin A; D028341:Activins; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits