title: Associated injuries in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament tears: does a delay in treatment increase the risk of meniscal tear?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of associated injuries and meniscal tears in children and adolescents with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, we performed a retrospective review of patients, age 14 and younger, who were treated surgically at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 39 patients (30 girls, 9 boys) with an average age of 13.6 years (range, 10 to 14 years) who underwent surgical treatment of the ACL; 24 right knees and 15 left knees were treated. Of the injuries treated, 24 occurred by a twisting mechanism, 10 were the result of contact, and 5 occurred from hyperextension. Thirty-five injuries occurred during sports activities, and 2 were sustained in motor vehicle accidents. The mean duration from injury to operative treatment was 101 days (range, 7 to 696 days). Injuries were classified as acute (n = 17) if surgery was performed within 6 weeks of injury and chronic (n = 22) if surgery was performed after 6 weeks from injury. Relationships between medial and lateral meniscal injuries and the time from injury to surgery were analyzed, and the 2 groups, acute and chronic, were compared. Finally, the patterns of meniscal injury were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients had associated injuries (10 medial meniscal tears, 15 lateral meniscal tears, 3 medial collateral ligament tears, and 1 fractured femur). The association between medial meniscal tears and time from injury to surgery was highly statistically significant (P =.0223). There was no statistical significance between the incidence of lateral meniscal tears and time. Medial meniscal tears were more common in the chronic group (36%) than in the acute group (11%), whereas lateral meniscal tears were found with equal frequency. Medial meniscal tears that required surgical treatment (either partial excision or repair) were more common in the chronic group, and lateral meniscal tear patterns were equally distributed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from this study supports the contention that associated injuries are common in young individuals with ACL tears. Furthermore, the data also show that a delay in surgical treatment was associated with a higher incidence of medial meniscal tears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Russell F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries