[Are the "elderly" living at the expense of the "young"? Remarks on the burden distribution between "generations" in an aging population from the economic perspective].
Public and scientific discussion on the effects of an aging population is often biased: aging is primarily seen as an economic burden. Increasing contribution rates in pension schemes, health and long-term care insurance are highlighted. This paper tries to provide a more balanced view. The distinction between a cross-sectional and a longitudinal view already gives different information on distributional effects. Labeling older people as "economically inactive" is a much too narrow perspective focused on the activity on the labor market only. Other types of work are neglected such as caring for children or frail elderly as well as economic activities from wealth, consumption as well as paying taxes to finance public expenditure. The approach of "generational accounting" is also narrow, focusing on public expenditure, social insurance contributions and only some types of taxes, but not dealing with private, especially intrafamily transfers. In economic terms, a comprehensive approach is needed regarding the effect of institutions and measures on the economic situation of cohorts. The role of investment in human capital is mentioned as a decisive factor for productivity in a country. Further education and retraining of older workers is one important element. An integrative approach dealing with the different fields of activities is needed when analyzing the intergenerational as well as the intragenerational distribution. This requires an elaborated and differentiated reporting of distributional effects. This important precondition, however, does not exist in Germany.
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Zentrum für Sozialpolitik, Universität Bremen, Parkallee 39 28209 Bremen, Germany.
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007353:Insurance, Long-Term Care / Q000191:economics; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D009826:Old Age Assistance / Q000191:economics*; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012935:Social Justice; D014918:Wills / Q000191:economics