title: Use of atomic force microscopy for morphological and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome-reacted human sperm.
abstract: The objective of this study was to use atomic force microscopy (AFM), with submicron resolution, for morphophologic and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome-reacted human sperm heads. A mixed population of acrosome intact and reacted sperm was produced by treating capacitated sperm with A23187, which induced the acrosome reaction in approximately 50% of total sperm population. This A23187-treated sperm suspension was then plated onto a coverslip and acrosome reacted sperm were preidentified by their specific staining with rhodamine-conjugated Concanavalin A. The sperm coverslip was then air-dried and scanned by a Nanoscope IIIa atomic force microscope, using the contact mode. Top and side view images processed through the illuminate mode revealed three dimensional sperm head contour, with the highest point situated in the head posterior in both acrosome intact and acrosome reacted sperm. Maximum height, length, and width measured in 50 acrosome intact and 50 acrosome-reacted sperm were the same in both populations. However, head length at half maximum height was significantly decreased in acrosome reacted sperm (2.99 +/- 0.24 microm vs. 3.56 +/- 0.32 microm of acrosome intact sperm), due to the sudden change of the height contour from the maximum peak to the anterior tip of acrosome-reacted sperm. Our results described here can therefore be used to differentiate acrosome intact and reacted sperm from each other. This would allow future studies on subcellular changes, related to the acrosome reaction, at the submicron resolution level under more physiological conditions, since AFM does not require fixing or staining of the samples.
authors.affiliation: Hormones/Growth/Development Group, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Wattana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weerachatyanukul
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomietto
authors.forename: Danial D M
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wayner
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balhorn
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cyr
authors.forename: Nongnuj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanphaichitr
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000001:Calcimycin