title: Between-days reliability of electromyographic measures of paraspinal muscle fatigue at 40, 50 and 60% levels of maximal voluntary contractile force.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain which percentage of maximal voluntary contractile force of the paraspinal muscles, when tested in a functional position, is most reliable for assessing electromyographic (EMG) fatigue changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers with no history of low back pain (six males).
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface EMG signal during 60-second isometric contractions of the paraspinal muscles at 40, 50 and 60% levels of maximal voluntary contractile force was captured and analysed. Each contraction level was assessed on two occasions, at least three days apart. The initial median frequency, the decline in median frequency slope and the increase in root mean square values were assessed for between-days reliability, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard errors of measurements (SEM). Normalized median frequency and root mean square values were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 40% of maximal voluntary contraction, little or no EMG fatigue changes occurred in any of the observed parameters. At 50% maximal voluntary contraction the initial mean frequency and root mean square changes proved highly reliable, with ICCs ranging from 0.74 to 0.86 and 0.75 to 1.00 respectively. Normalizing the root mean square data reduced the reliability, but this was still acceptable with ICCs 0.70-0.83. The median frequency decline slope proved less reliable with ICCs 0.24-0.74 for raw and 0.26-0.77 for normalized data. At 60% maximal voluntary contraction the initial mean frequency proved as reliable as initial median frequency at 50% with ICCs 0.70-0.89. The raw and normalized root mean squares (ICCs 0.43-0.89 and 0.30-0.87 respectively) and raw and normalized median frequency (ICCs 0.27-0.51 and 0.24-0.53 respectively) changes were less reliable than at 50% MVC. Overall, the reliability is better at the L4/5 than at the L2/3 level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcome measures taken at 50% maximal voluntary contraction are the most reliable in functional testing the paraspinal muscles of healthy volunteers. With initial median frequency and root mean square values being more reliable parameters than median frequency decline. At the L4/5 level, however, all parameters were acceptably reliable at 50% of maximum effort. However the between-subject variability of the median frequency decline and root mean square incline slopes suggest that these parameters are not yet fully suitable for monitoring fatigue changes during prolonged isometric contraction.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK. frances@rarnall.freeserve.co.uk
authors.forename: Frances A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Arnall
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Koumantakis
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors