title: Africa: addressing growing threats to food security.
abstract: Africa remains the only region in the world where the number of hungry people will still be on the increase in 2020, and the number of malnourished children will have increased correspondingly. In this report I have acknowledged the general public policy trends across Africa in terms of macroeconomic policy reforms and political transitions. These welcome trends have to still produce stable nations and economies. Although economic development is the long-term solution to Africa's challenge on hunger and poverty, this will take time. And it follows therefore that African nations have to pursue policies and strategies that promote long-term growth while at the same time offering short-term safety nets for the poorest of the poor. The growth and development strategy will have at its core the need to increase significantly the levels of public-sector investment in agriculture and rural development and to give top priority to the commercialization of smallholder agriculture so as to increase productivity and competitiveness. But food security at the household level is ultimately a balance between availability and access, and in this regard governments need complementary food security policies that increase the probability of food access by the vulnerable groups.
authors.affiliation: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa. mandivamba.rukuni@wkkf.org
authors.forename: Mandivamba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rukuni
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003132:Commerce; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018673:Nutrition Policy / Q000639:trends*; D011057:Politics; D011203:Poverty; D013672:Technology