title: Hoof kick injuries in unmounted equestrians. Improving accident analysis and prevention by introducing an accident and emergency based relational database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess injury patterns attributable to horse kicks, to raise the issue of preventive measures, and to evaluate the role of modern accident and emergency department computer software.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysis using a new kind of full electronic medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen kicked equestrians were unmounted at the time of injury. Eight of seventeen patients sustained contusions of the extremities, the back, and the trunk. In nine patients an isolated facial injury was diagnosed. Five of nine patients needed referrals to the department of plastic surgery because of the complexity of the facial soft tissue wounds. Three underwent maxillofacial surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical: the equestrian community may underestimate the risk of severe injuries attributable to hoof kicks, especially while handling the horse. Educational lectures and the distribution of educational literature should be promoted. The introduction of additional face shields may be protective. Software related issue: the handling of an increasing amount of medical data makes a development in computerisation of emergency units necessary. Thus the increasing utilisation of new computer technology could have a significant influence on accident analysis and prevention and the quality of research in the future.
authors.affiliation: Accident and Emergency Unit, Department of Anaesthesia, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Inselspital, The University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. exaris@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Exadaktylos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eggli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Inden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*