title: Genetic and cytogenetic mapping of DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 genes of Medicago truncatula involved in Nod factor transduction, nodulation, and mycorrhization.
abstract: The DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 genes of Medicago truncatula, which are required for both nodulation and mycorrhization, control early steps of Nod factor signal transduction. Here, we have used diverse approaches to pave the way for the map-based cloning of these genes. Molecular amplification fragment length polymorphism markers linked to the three genes were identified by bulked segregant analysis. Integration of these markers into the general genetic map of M. truncatula revealed that DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 are located on linkage groups 2, 5, and 8, respectively. Cytogenetic studies using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on mitotic and pachytene chromosomes confirmed the location of DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 on chromosomes 2, 5, and 8. FISH-pachytene studies revealed that the three genes are in euchromatic regions of the genome, with a ratio of genetic to cytogenetic distances between 0.8 and 1.6 cM per microm in the DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 regions. Through grafting experiments, we showed that the genetic control of the dmi1, dmi2, and dmi3 nodulation phenotypes is determined at the root level. This means that mutants can be transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes to accelerate the complementation step of map-based cloning projects for DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plante-Microorganismes, CNRS-INRA UMR215, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ané
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thoquet
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kulikova
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Billy
authors.forename: Varma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Penmetsa
authors.forename: Dong-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Debellé
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bisseling
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dénarié
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005819:Genetic Markers; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D029902:Medicago / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers