title: Transcervical intrauterine topical local anesthetic at hysterosalpingography: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether transcervical intrauterine topical instillation of a local anesthetic agent reduces pain at hysterosalpingography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of reproductive medicine at a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ten women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to receive either 2 mL of 2% plain lignocaine or 2 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (placebo) topically into the uterine cavity before the HSG was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The degree of lower abdominal pain experienced both during the injection of contrast media at HSG and 10 minutes after the procedure using a 20-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and a four-point verbal descriptor scale (VDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in pain scores between lignocaine and placebo during the HSG. However, at 10 minutes after the HSG, subjects receiving lignocaine experienced more pain than those on placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcervical intrauterine topical instillation of 2 mL of 2% plain lignocaine does not reduce pain during HSG and may lead to increased pain immediately after the procedure.
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. mfcostello@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horrowitz
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steigrad
authors.forename: Najwa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saif
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Abie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekangaki
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D010919:Placebos; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine