title: Are eyes special? It depends on how you look at it.
abstract: Recent behavioral data have shown that central nonpredictive gaze direction triggers reflexive shifts of attention toward the gazed-at location (e.g., Friesen & Kingstone, 1998). Friesen and Kingstone suggested that this reflexive orienting effect is unique to biologically relevant stimuli. Three experiments were conducted to test this proposal by comparing the attentional orienting produced by nonpredictive gaze cues (biologically relevant) with the attentional orienting produced by nonpredictive arrow cues (biologically irrelevant). Both types of cues produced reflexive orienting in adults (Experiment 1) and preschoolers (Experiment 2), suggesting that gaze cues are not special. However, Experiment 3 showed that nonpredictive arrows produced reflexive orienting in both hemispheres of a split-brain patient. This contrasts with Kingstone, Friesen, and Gazzaniga's (2000) finding that nonpredictive gaze cues produce reflexive orienting only in theface-processing hemisphere of split-brain patients. Therefore, although nonpredictive eyes and arrows may produce similar behavioral effects, they are not subserved by the same brain systems. Together, these data provide important insight into the nature of the representations of directional stimuli involved in reflexive attentional orienting.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ristic
authors.forename: Chris Kelland
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kingstone
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003463:Cues; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*