title: PML-dependent apoptosis after DNA damage is regulated by the checkpoint kinase hCds1/Chk2.
abstract: The promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene is translocated in most acute promyelocytic leukaemias and encodes a tumour suppressor protein. PML is involved in multiple apoptotic pathways and is thought to be pivotal in gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis. The DNA damage checkpoint kinase hCds1/Chk2 is necessary for p53-dependent apoptosis after gamma irradiation. In addition, gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis also occurs through p53-independent mechanisms, although the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we report that hCds1/Chk2 mediates gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner through an ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-hCds1/Chk2-PML pathway. Our results provide the first evidence of a functional relationship between PML and a checkpoint kinase in gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Shutong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bisi
authors.forename: Myung K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D018274:Electroporation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C070576:PML protein, human; D012694:Serine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases