title: Prospective, randomized cost analysis of anesthesia with remifentanil combined with propofol, desflurane or sevoflurane for otorhinolaryngeal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the era of cost containment, cost analysis should demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of new anesthetic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-blind, prospective, randomized study compared the costs of three remifentanil (REM)-based anesthetic techniques with a conventional one in 120 patients undergoing otorhinolaryngeal surgery. The patients were randomized (n=30 each group) to either receive a combination of REM with propofol, desflurane or sevoflurane, or a conventional anesthetic with thiopentone, alfentanil, isoflurane and N2O.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The costs for anesthetic and nonanesthetic drugs and for disposables were twice as high in the three REM-based groups as in the conventional group (REM/PRO 0.51 Euro;/min, REM/DES 0.42 Euro;/min, and REM/SEVO 0.41 Euro;/min vs. 0.18 Euro;/min in the ALF/ISO/N2O group; P<0.05). Wastage of intravenous drugs accounted for up to 40% of total costs. In all REM groups, early recovery was predictably faster and more complete (P<0.05). Patient satisfaction was equally high (90-97%) in all groups, with less nausea in the REM/PRO group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that REM-based anesthetic techniques are more expensive than a conventional technique using alfentanil, isoflurane and N2O. This is the result of higher costs of anesthetic and nonanesthetic drugs and of disposables. The wastage of intravenous drugs contributes considerably to these costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany. torsten@ana l.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loop
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Priebe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015742:Propofol / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol