title: Arsenic induces tumor necrosis factor alpha release and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling in T helper cell apoptosis.
abstract: Long-term exposure to arsenic induces arsenical cancers in human beings. Arsenic has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell systems. Previous studies revealed that patients with arsenic-induced Bowen's disease showed a defective cell-mediated immunity and decreased percentages of T cell and T helper cell subpopulations in peripheral mononuclear cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arsenic on T cell survival and function in mononuclear cells. Arsenic concentrations higher than 1 micro M induced tumor necrosis factor alpha release from mononuclear cells and caused a cytotoxic effect on T cells. When exposed to higher concentrations of arsenic, apoptosis was induced. CD4+ cells were the major apoptoic population in mononuclear cells. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 expression on CD4+ cells, but not Fas/FasL, was significantly enhanced by arsenic treatment compared to other mononuclear cells. Increased expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 related death domain proteins and activated caspases were observed. These findings indicate that tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling is the major pathway in arsenic-induced T helper cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. dermyu@kmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsin-Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Kee-Lung
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chia-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gwo-Shing
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001151:Arsenic