title: Rotational digital cholangiography (RDC) and 3D-cholangiography (3DC) for guidance of percutaneous biliary drainage procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether RDC and 3DC help clarifying anatomic details in biliary duct disease and is useful for guidance of drainage procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  RDC was conducted in 11 consecutive patients (8 male, 3 female, mean age 63 years). Nine patients underwent PTBD for malignant biliary duct stenosis, one patient because of ischemic stenosis after hepaticojejunostomy and one patient presented with an infected biloma. Images were obtained after initial bile duct puncture during single breath hold from 120 projection angles using a rotating C-arm. These images were immediately available and evaluated in order to facilitate the definitive drainage procedure. For additional 3D reconstruction, data were sent to a dedicated workstation and judged by a blinded observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The availability of a rotating data set of images was judged to be helpful in three patients with complex anatomical situations. Additionally, RDC holds the potential to reduce fluoroscopy time. 3DC allowed analysis of the hepatic bifurcation from different viewing angles in 10 cases with high spatial resolution (mean voxel size 480 micro micro m 3). This may allow a better classification of hilar obstructions according to our preliminary observations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Images from RDC and 3DC are helpful in guiding PTBD procedures and for better diagnosis in selected patients with hilar biliary duct stenoses.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlendiagnostik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alfke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Sheik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gürvit
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heverhagen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012399:Rotation; D013997:Time Factors