title: Changes in hepatic TNF-alpha levels, antioxidant status, and oxidation products after renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces an inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affects the organs remote to the sites of I/R. The aim was to assess the hepatic changes after renal I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty mice were subjected to either sham operation or varying degrees of renal I/R injury. Hepatic TNF-alpha levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyl levels were evaluated to show hepatic response to renal I/R injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were found to be increased significantly after 30 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion and remained elevated through 60 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion. Supporting the neutrophil recruitment, about 10-fold increase in MPO activity was detected after 30 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion. Antioxidant enzymes were detected to be decreased after 30 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion and reached to the minimum levels after 60 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion. Decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls after 60 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion supported the ROS-mediated biomolecular alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minumum of 30 min ischemia-1 h reperfusion is enough to elicit remote effects of renal I/R injury. Care should be taken to protect other organs remote from I/R sites especially during renal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Inonu Bulvari, Turkey. serteser@aku.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serteser
authors.forename: Tulay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koken
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Keriman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akbulut
authors.forename: Osman Nuri
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Dilek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase