title: Left atrial mechanical function in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was carried out to assess the left atrial (LA) mechanical function in patients with essential hypertension with two-dimensional echocardiography by means of left atrial volume measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  LA volumes were measured echocardiographically in 36 untreated hypertensive patients and 20 age-sex-matched healthy controls according to biplane area-length method. LA volume measurements were done at the time of mitral valve opening (Vmax), at the onset of atrial systole (p wave at the electrocardiography = Vp) and at closure (Vmin). All volumes were indexed for body surface area, and the following left atrial emptying functions were calculated: LA passive emptying volume = Vmax -Vp, LA passive emptying fraction = LA passive emptying volume /Vmax, conduit volume = left ventricular stroke volume-(Vmax-Vmin), LA active emptying volume = Vp-Vmin, LA active emptying fraction = LA active emptying volume /Vp, LA total emptying volume = (Vmax-Vmin), LA total emptying fraction = LA total emptying volume /Vmax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vmax (p < 0.01),Vmin (p < 0.005) and Vp (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in hypertensives than in controls. Although LA passive emptying volume (p < 0.001), LA passive emptying fraction (p < 0.001), conduit volume (p < 0.005) and LA total emptying fraction (p < 0.05) were found to be significantly lower in hypertensives than in controls, LA active emptying volume (p < 0.001) and LA active emptying fraction (p < 0.01) were found to be significantly greater in hypertensives than in controls. LA total emptying volume (p > 0.05) was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that chronic hypertension is associated with an increased in left atrial volumes, a decrease in left atrial passive emptying function, and an increase systolic pump function. Increased left atrial pump function represents a compensatory mechanism in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Ataturk University Medical School Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey. mkerol@superonline.com.tr
authors.forename: Mustafa Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acikel
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakelleoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016279:Atrial Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology