title: Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms.
abstract: In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. mrviant@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Viant
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pincetich
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tjeerdema
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000009:adverse effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008974:Mollusca / Q000502:physiology*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D014873:Water Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate