title: Impact of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibition on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: an experimental serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the influence of long-term hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition (statin) therapy on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) by use of serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) studies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Statin therapy has been shown to reduce cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, but the influence on LV post-MI remodeling is largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CMRI measurements were taken four and 12 weeks after left coronary artery ligation in a 7.05-tesla Biospec. The MI size, LV mass and volumes, cardiac output (CO), and ejection fraction were determined. Rats were treated for 12 weeks with either placebo (P), cerivastatin (C; 0.6 mg/kg body weight per day) as a dietary supplement, or cerivastatin plus the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-methyl-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 76 mg/100 ml) and hydralazine (8 mg/100 ml) in drinking water (CLH) to assess the contribution of endogenous nitric oxide formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of cerivastatin attenuated hypertrophy after MI, and this effect was completely abolished by NOS inhibition (increase of LV mass from 4 to 12 weeks after MI: 235.3 +/- 33.7 mg with P vs. 59.8 +/- 20.5 mg with C vs. 239.5 +/- 16.0 mg with CLH; p < 0.05 vs. P and CLH). Left ventricular dilation was not changed (increase of end-diastolic volume from 4 to 12 weeks after MI: 108.7 +/- 28.8 with P vs. 126.6 +/- 20.5 with C vs. 173.7 +/- 25.1 with CLH; p = NS). The CO was higher in the cerivastatin group (12 weeks: 76.1 +/- 2.9 ml/min with P vs. 95.8 +/- 4.8 ml/min with C; p < 0.05). The effects of cerivastatin were abolished by NOS inhibition in the CLH group (CO at 12 weeks: 69.3 +/- 2.8 ml/min, p < 0.05 vs. C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular remodeling was profoundly changed by statin treatment. Hypertrophy was attenuated, and global function was improved. These positive effects were abolished by NOS inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Universitätsklinik, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. M.Nahrendorf@medizin.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahrendorf
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galuppo
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraccarollo
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ertl
authors.forename: Wolfgang R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauersachs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D006830:Hydralazine; C086276:cerivastatin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester