title: Personal dosimetry of the staff during treatment of neuroendocrine tumours with a high dose of Indium-111 Octreotide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic doses with Indium-111 (In-111)-DTPA-Octreotide are currently used in patients with somatostatin receptor positive tumours. It may result in tumour regression in some patients and this effect is ascribed to cell and receptor specific cytotoxicity by Auger or conversion electrons. Personnel being involved in this treatment may receive high radiation doses due to the emission of 173 keV and 247 keV photons. The aim of the present study was to assess the radiation dose to the personnel at different time intervals during treatment with Indium-111 Octreotide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five consecutive patients suffering from a neuroendocrine tumour were included in this dosimetry study. In total, 18 treatments with Indium-111 Octreotide have been given with a mean dose of 8000 MBq every three weeks. Three dosimeters (whole body, left and right hand) and a dose rate monitor were used to register doses and dose rates during labelling, administration and in-patient follow-up and whole body scintigraphy. These procedures were performed by a pharmacist, a nuclear physician and a technologist, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The whole body dose received during the labelling procedure was 5 microSv. The mean total exposure time during administration, whole body scintigraphy and clinical follow-up was 47 minutes revealing a mean whole body dose of 45 microSv. The mean radiation dose to the hands was 60 microSv per treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radiation risk to staff members and technologists seems to be very low during in-patient treatments with high dose Indium-111 Octreotide. According to the safety regulations no special radiation protection measures or personal dosimetry is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.p.m.stokkel@lumc.nl
authors.forename: M P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stokkel
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011874:Radiometry; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014915:Whole-Body Counting
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C094279:indium-111-octreotide; D015282:Octreotide