title: Novel dual inhibitors of AChE and MAO derived from hydroxy aminoindan and phenethylamine as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Carbamate derivatives of N-propargylaminoindans (Series I) and N-propargylphenethylamines (Series II) were synthesized via multistep procedures from the corresponding hydroxy precursors. The respective rasagiline- and selegiline-related series were designed to combine inhibitory activities of both acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) by virtue of their carbamoyl and propargylamine pharmacophores. Each compound was tested for these activities in vitro in order to find molecules with similar potencies against each enzyme. Compounds with such dual AChE and MAO inhibitory activities are expected to have potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The observed SAR also offers insight into the requirements of the active sites on these enzymes. A carbamate moiety was found to be essential for AChE inhibition, which was absent in the corresponding hydroxy precursors. The propargyl group caused 2-70-fold decrease in AChE inhibitory activity (depending on the position of the carbamoyl group) of Series I, but had little or no effect in Series II. Thus, the 6- and 7-carbamyloxyphenyls in Series I were either equipotent to, or slightly (2- to 5-fold) less active as AChE inhibitors than, the corresponding compounds in Series II, while the 4-carbamyloxyphenyls were more potent. The presence of the carbamate moiety in 6- and 7-carbamyloxyphenyls of Series I, considerably decreased MAO-A and -B inhibitory activity, compared to that of the parent hydroxy analogues, while the opposite was true for Series II. Thus, the 6- and 7-carbamyloxyphenyls in Series I were 2-3 orders of magnitude weaker MAO inhibitors while the 4- carbamyloxyphenyls were equipotent with the corresponding compounds in Series II. In both series, N-methylation of the propargylamine enhanced the MAO (A and B equally) inhibitory activities and decreased the AChE inhibitory activity. Two candidates belonging to the indan and tetralin ring systems (24c, 27b) and one phenethylamine (53d) were identified as possible leads for further development based on the following criteria: (a) comparable AChE and MAO-B inhibitory activities, (b) good to moderate AChE inhibitory activity, and (c) lack of strong MAO-A selectivity. However, it is likely that these compounds will be metabolized to the corresponding phenols, with inhibitory activities against AChE and/or MAO-A or -B, different from those of the parent carbamates. Thus, the apparent enzyme inhibition will be a result of the combined inhibition of all of these individual metabolites. The results of our ongoing in vivo screening programs will be published elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Abic, P.O. Box 8077, Netanya 42504, Israel. jeffrey.sterling@teva.co.il
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: Yaacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goren
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miskolczi
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rantal
authors.forename: Tivadar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamas
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zagyva
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zekany
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finberg
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lavian
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Razin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krais
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chorev
authors.forename: Moussa B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinstock
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry; D002219:Carbamates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D010293:Pargyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D010627:Phenethylamines; D011437:Propylamines; C009054:propargylamine; C029261:phenethylamine; D010293:Pargyline; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase