title: The anticorrosion ability of titanium nitride (TiN) plating on an orthodontic metal bracket and its biocompatibility.
abstract: Typically, an orthodontic metal bracket is made from stainless steel. It has been shown that such metal may corrode in an acid- and chloride-rich environment. The purpose of the current study was to investigate a titanium nitride (TiN) ion-plated stainless steel orthodontic bracket's anticorrosion properties and compare its biocompatibility with that of non-TiN-plated brackets. The stainless-steel brackets studied here were tested in acidic artificial saliva. The plated metal bracket was produced by the titanium nitride (TiN) ion-plating method. The TiN-plating on the bracket surface was demonstrated to be successful by EDX analysis. The quantity of metallic-ion release under test immersion solutions was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Both TiN- and non-TiN-plated brackets may release detectable ions into the test solution, including nickel, chromium, manganese, copper, and iron (ferric). The anticorrosion ability of the plated bracket was analyzed by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that the TiN-plated metal bracket did not increase the anticorrosion ability of the standard bracket. The biocompatibility of the TiN plating versus the standard bracket material resulting from bracket immersion in the test solution revealed no toxicity on U2OS cells using a methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Clearly, the search for an improved technique for enhancing the anticorrosion ability of the normal metal orthodontic bracket should be continued.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo N Road, Taichung, Taiwan, PO 402.
authors.forename: Chia-Tze
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Shinn-Jyh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tsui-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003124:Colorimetry; D003343:Corrosion; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008670:Metals; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013193:Stainless Steel; C041500:titanium nitride; D014025:Titanium; C022616:thiazolyl blue