title: Comparison of sputum induction with bronchoalveolar lavage cell differential counts in patients with sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Induced sputum (IS) has been proposed as a useful non-invasive method mainly for the assessment of airway diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate IS cellular composition and T-lymphocyte subpopulations and to compare them with those of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied prospectively 20 patients (12 female, 8 male) of median age 46 yr (range 25-65) with sarcoidosis and 10 normal subjects (5 female, 5 male) of median age 39 yr (range 26-60). IS was performed with hypertonic saline solution using an ultrasonic nebulizer (De Vilbis 2000). BALF was performed by conventional procedure using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. May-Giemsa-Grunewald stained preps were differentially counted and T-lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow activated cell sorter (FACS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of macrophages was significantly lower in IS than in BALF (p < 0.0001), the percentage of neutrophils was significantly lower in BALF than in IS (p < 0.0001), while there was no difference in the percentage of lymphocytes (p = 0.693) and eosinophils (p = 0.25) in IS vs BALF in patients with sarcoidosis. A significant correlation was found between BALF and IS lymphocyte counts (r = 0.61, p = 0.004), macrophages (r = 0.51, p = 0.02), and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (r = 0.700, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the inflammation in sarcoidosis could be effectively and non-invasively determined by the analysis of cell differential counts and T-lymphocyte subsets in IS. Further studies are needed to explore the role of IS vs BALF in the follow-up of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department Pneumonology, Medical School University of Crete and University Hospital, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsiligianni
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzanakis
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kyriakou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrysofakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siafakas
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000473:pathology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets