title: Genetic responses to metal contamination in two clams: Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum.
abstract: Coastal ecosystems are subjected to a wide variety of disturbances, including those due to xenobiotics of agricultural and industrial origin. These pollutants as heavy metals can modify the genetic diversity of populations by favouring or counter-selecting certain alleles or genotypes by differential mortality. In the present study, two genetic markers (phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate isomerase) and a protein marker (metallothionein) were monitored in order to determine the impact of heavy metals in different clam populations. Analysis of the genetic structure of the clam populations examined reveals that those inhabiting environments contaminated by heavy metals exhibit a higher allelic diversity and possess alleles at PGM loci that could be selected by the presence of heavy metals. The evaluation of metallothionein levels using a specific polyclonal antibody developed in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) demonstrated the existence of a relationship between metallothionein concentrations and the level of metal pollution for clam populations sampled from different sites. An inter-specific difference was also detected between Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum living in sympatry at the same site, suggesting a differential response of these two species upon exposure to an identical heavy metal concentration.
authors.affiliation: LEMAR, UMR CNRS6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopêle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France. dario.moraga@univ-brest.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moraga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mdelgi-Lasram
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Romdhane
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Abed
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boutet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanguy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auffret
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010733:Phosphoglucomutase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014873:Water Pollutants; D008668:Metallothionein; D005956:Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; D010733:Phosphoglucomutase