title: Resistin and adiponectin expression in visceral fat of obese rats: effect of weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity-related insulin resistance is closely associated with visceral fat accumulation. Several adipocyte-secreted molecules have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, among them, the recently discovered adiponectin and resistin proteins. Some of these adipocytokines are also present in the immune system, thus suggesting an intriguing functional connection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined adiponectin and resistin expressions in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, we analyzed the variations after body-weight reduction in food-restricted obese rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistin and adiponectin expression was significantly lower in VAT of genetically obese in comparison with lean rats; no differences were observed when subcutaneous adipose tissues of the same animals were compared. Weight loss resulted in an increase of adiponectin expression in VAT, whereas a further significant decrease in resistin mRNA level was observed. Resistin is also present and equally expressed in splenocytes of lean and obese rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin and resistin are down-regulated in VAT of obese rats. Adiponectin expression is restored to normal levels after body-weight reduction, supporting its link with obesity-related insulin resistance. On the contrary, the further decrease of resistin mRNA after weight loss does not support the hypothesis that resistin may play a causative role in insulin resistance in obese rats. Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of resistin in immunocompetent cells in both humans and rats, thus adding another factor to the list of molecules that adipose tissue shares with the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milan
authors.forename: Marnie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granzotto
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarda
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calcagno
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Federspil
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vettor
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D015870:Gene Expression; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D052243:Resistin; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry; D014781:Viscera; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins; C499624:RETN protein, human; C486574:RETNLB protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin; C499622:Retn protein, rat; C486575:Retnla protein, rat; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor