title: Abnormal maternal cardiac function and morphology in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore maternal cardiac function through an echocardiographic evaluation, in a group of nulliparous patients with intrauterine fetal growth restriction during the third trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one consecutive nulliparous pregnant women who had fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index (PI) underwent maternal echocardiographic examination during the third trimester of gestation. The data were then compared with those obtained from 21 normal nulliparous women who had fetuses with an estimated fetal weight > 10th percentile and a normal umbilical artery Doppler PI who were considered as the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate was slightly lower in the IUGR group, whereas blood pressure and total vascular resistance were higher compared with the control subjects. End-diastolic volume, stroke volume and cardiac output were lower in the IUGR patients compared with normal patients. The IUGR group had smaller left atrial maximal dimensions and greater left atrial minimal areas compared with the control subjects. Left atrial function was depressed in the IUGR group. A smaller left ventricular mass was present in the IUGR patients compared with the control subjects. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was prolonged in the IUGR patients compared with the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of a 'correct' maternal cardiovascular compensatory response to abnormal trophoblastic invasion, might be one of the factors that slowly determine the conditions of reduced placental perfusion and eventually of the development of fetal growth restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vasapollo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valensise
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larciprete
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Pierro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Altomare
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casalino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arduini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology