title: A review of environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos in Israel.
abstract: The case for a total ban on manufacture and use of asbestos products is stated by the history of asbestos use, exposures, and risks in Israel. Manufacture and use of asbestos began in Israel in the 1950s, rising to a peak in the mid-1970s, and dropping gradually thereafter until reaching minimal levels in the 1990s. Following heightened public concern regarding the carcinogenic effects of asbestos products, there were reductions in use, manufacture, and persons exposed. Since the 1960s, asbestos-related diseases have been diagnosed in hundreds patients nationwide, including asbestos workers and users, as well as individuals living proximally to the manufacturing facilities. Exposures to asbestos in place remain, and patients with asbestos-related disease from environmental exposure are expected to appear for at least another 20-30 years. In the 1980s, an advisory committee appointed by the Ministry of Health of Israel outlined a comprehensive approach towards prevention, control, management, and compensation for health risks from asbestos exposures. As certain areas are still contaminated with asbestos waste and as environmental exposure persists, continued and improved medical monitoring and compensation programs are urgently needed in order to reduce the suffering of exposed individuals and their families. The ban on asbestos prevents risks from new exposures, but does not undo the damage from past manufacture, use, disposal, and dumping. In this paper, we review the history of Israel's import and use of asbestos, and the management of occupational and environmental exposures. We also address policy, practice, and the need to protect future victims of asbestos-related disease.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hebrew Univesity-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel. elir@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chlamtac
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laster
mesh_terms: D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001195:Asbestosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D035881:Compensation and Redress; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007557:Israel; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D014504:Urban Health; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D001194:Asbestos