title: Prebiotic synthesis from CO atmospheres: implications for the origins of life.
abstract: Most models of the primitive atmosphere around the time life originated suggest that the atmosphere was dominated by carbon dioxide, largely based on the notion that the atmosphere was derived via volcanic outgassing, and that those gases were similar to those found in modern volcanic effluent. These models tend to downplay the possibility of a strongly reducing atmosphere, which had been thought to be important for prebiotic synthesis and thus the origin of life. However, there is no definitive geologic evidence for the oxidation state of the early atmosphere and bioorganic compounds are not efficiently synthesized from CO(2) atmospheres. In the present study, it was shown that a CO-CO(2)-N(2)-H(2)O atmosphere can give a variety of bioorganic compounds with yields comparable to those obtained from a strongly reducing atmosphere. Atmospheres containing carbon monoxide might therefore have been conducive to prebiotic synthesis and perhaps the origin of life. CO-dominant atmospheres could have existed if the production rate of CO from impacts of extraterrestrial materials were high or if the upper mantle had been more reduced than today.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanashi
authors.forename: Kensei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H James
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cleaves
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D019418:Evolution, Chemical; D005740:Gases; D007700:Kinetics; D009584:Nitrogen; D000069497:Origin of Life; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009584:Nitrogen