title: Ethical review of health service research in the UK: implications for nursing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper examines the current systems and structures for ethical review of health services research in the United Kingdom (UK). Past criticisms and the adequacy of recent governance arrangements for Ethics Committees in addressing these are discussed. The implications for nurses are then considered.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This examination of the situation is prompted by the demand for more innovative research designs in health care evaluation, new regulations and guidance, and a climate of public anxiety regarding research conduct in the UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evolution of Research Ethics Committees (RECs) has been slow and resulted in a lack in consistency. Criticisms made of RECs can be categorized into four main areas. New governance arrangements for RECs have emerged as potential solutions to these criticisms. This review identifies the limitations of the new governance arrangements in addressing past criticisms because of two factors. The first is insufficient funding. The second is confusion about the confidentiality and consent requirements of clinicians working in areas where research is conducted and on whom recruitment processes often rely. The current situation regarding health research ethical review has implications for nurses, whether they are working as researchers, members of Ethics Committees or clinicians where research is conducted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new governance arrangements may go some way to addressing past problems. However, investment in RECs is required. It is also important to realize that maintaining ethical probity in health service research is a tripartite concern. It is reliant as it is on the actions of Ethics Committees and clinical research partners as well as those of the researchers themselves.
authors.affiliation: Rotherham Primary Care Trust, UK. cm4at@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tod
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allmark
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D026724:Ethical Review / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D032984:Ethics, Research; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D024802:Nurse's Role; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D006113:United Kingdom