title: Leptin potentiates IFN-gamma-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in murine macrophage J774A.1.
abstract: 1. Leptin, a pleiotropic hormone believed to regulate body weight, has recently been associated with inflammatory states and immune activity. Here we have studied the effect of leptin on expression of IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), both prominent markers of macrophage activation, using the murine macrophage J774A.1 cell line. 2. After 24 h of incubation, leptin (1-10 micro g ml(-1)) potently synergized with IFN-gamma (100 U ml(-1)) in nitric oxide (NO) release, evaluated as nitrite and nitrate (NO(x)), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in culture medium. 3. The observed increase of NO and PGE(2) was related to enhanced expression of the respective inducible enzyme isoforms, measured in mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. 4. When cells were stimulated only with leptin, a weak induction of NO and PGE(2) release and of the expression of related inducible enzymes was observed. 5. Moreover IFN-gamma increased the expression of the functional form of leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) and this effect was potentiated by leptin in a concentration-dependent manner. 6. These data suggest that macrophages, among the peripheral immune cells, represent a target for leptin and confirm the relevance of this hormone in the pathophysiology of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina Mattace
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacilio
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone