title: Tuberous sclerosis: clinicopathologic features and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberous sclerosis is a hamartoneoplastic syndrome, which may involve multiple organ systems. Oral hard tissue manifestations of the syndrome have been described in the literature only as recently as 1955. Patients who presented with clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis did not routinely undergo oral surveys to rule out 'lesions', and consequently data on 'lesions' in the maxillofacial complex is scant. Ten cases have been found in the English language literature, which describe maxillofacial 'lesions', which may be tumours, new growths, neoplasms or overgrowths occurring in patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature for all maxillofacial lesions associated with tuberous sclerosis and to present an eleventh case of a patient with a maxillofacial lesion diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven cases were found with maxillofacial fibroblastic lesions associated with tuberous sclerosis. These lesions were all fibrous benign neoplasms found in the maxillofacial bony complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillofacial fibroblastic lesions in tuberous sclerosis have various histopathological presentations, some of which may be difficult to differentiate. Consequently, close microscopic examination of these lesions is necessary so that adequate surgical treatment is provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Kainulainen
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krafchik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mock
authors.forename: G K B
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sàndor
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000151:congenital; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000151:congenital*; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital; D009506:Nevus / Q000151:congenital; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000151:congenital*