title: Right prefrontal rTMS treatment for refractory auditory command hallucinations - a neuroSPECT assisted case study.
abstract: Auditory command hallucinations probably arise from the patient's failure to monitor his/her own 'inner speech', which is connected to activation of speech perception areas of the left cerebral cortex and to various degrees of dysfunction of cortical circuits involved in schizophrenia as supported by functional brain imaging. We hypothesized that rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), by increasing cortical activation of the right prefrontal brain region, would bring about a reduction of the hallucinations. We report our first schizophrenic patient affected with refractory command hallucinations treated with 10 Hz rTMS. Treatment was performed over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with 1200 magnetic stimulations administered daily for 20 days at 90% motor threshold. Regional cerebral blood flow changes were monitored with neuroSPECT. Clinical evaluation and scores on the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale demonstrated a global improvement in the patient's condition, with no change in the intensity and frequency of the hallucinations. NeuroSPECT performed at intervals during and after treatment indicated a general improvement in cerebral perfusion. We conclude that right prefrontal rTMS may induce a general clinical improvement of schizophrenic brain function, without directly influencing the mechanism involved in auditory command hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, 6 Weismann Street, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. shaulsch@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Pinhas N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Dannon
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goshen
authors.forename: Revital
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amiaz
authors.forename: Tzila S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Zwas
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grunhaus
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome