title: Redefining and improving patient safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has focused attention on patient safety in the United States. Other countries share these concerns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Governmental agencies and professional organizations are redefining approaches to safety, calling upon the use of information and communication technology as an enabler and expanding the range of evidence admissible in documenting success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efforts to understand medical errors have used retrospective chart review, incident reporting, and computerized surveillance; the result is an evolving picture of the number, nature, and cause of errors. Approaches used to prevent errors include computerized physician order entry, decision support tools, computerized monitoring, and evidence-based practice; varying levels of evidence document their success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technology offers challenging capabilities, not simple solutions. New evidence and new tools demand new approaches and attention to human factors.
authors.affiliation: Healthlink, Inc., Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. marionball@earthlink.net
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Douglas
mesh_terms: D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000295:instrumentation; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*