title: CNS inhibitory effects of barakol, a constituent of Cassia siamia Lamk.
abstract: The present study determined the pharmacological profile of barakol, a major constituent of Cassia siamea Lamk., in rodent behavioral and neurochemical tests. Barakol reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, increased the number of sleeping animals and prolonged the thiopental-induced sleeping time, indicating a sedative effect. As for interactions between barakol and convulsants (pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin, bicuculline and strychnine), only a high dose (100 mg/kg, i.p.) of barakol slightly prolonged the latency of clonic convulsion induced by picrotoxin. This suggests that the sedative effect may not be induced via the GABA or glycine systems. There was no evidence of an anxiolytic effect of barakol in the plus-maze test. However, barakol (25-100 mg/kg, i.p.) could suppress methamphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced hyper-locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating an effect on the dopaminergic system. In a microdialysis study, the dose of barakol (100 mg/kg) that inhibited spontaneous locomotor activity in mice did not affect the basal levels of extracellular dopamine (DA) or its metabolites in the striatum. However, pretreatment with barakol (100 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the maximal dopamine release and dopamine turnover induced by methamphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). This finding indicates that the inhibitory effect of barakol on dopamine release may account for the blocking effect of barakol on the striatum-related behavior induced by methamphetamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. monrudeesukma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Monrudee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sukma
authors.forename: Chaiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaichantipyuth
authors.forename: Yukihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Michihisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: Kinzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001640:Bicuculline; D002366:Cassia; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008694:Methamphetamine; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D043803:Phenalenes; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010852:Picrotoxin; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D013331:Strychnine; D013874:Thiopental
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D001640:Bicuculline; D003975:Diazepam; D004298:Dopamine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D043803:Phenalenes; D010852:Picrotoxin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013331:Strychnine; D013874:Thiopental; C107911:barakol