title: Knoop hardness depth profiles and compressive strength of selected dental composites polymerized with halogen and LED light curing technologies.
abstract: After the first light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) became available commercially, a comparison of mechanical properties between materials polymerized with conventional halogen lamps and this new technology was required. This study, therefore, investigated the curing performance of two conventional commercial halogen LCUs (Translux CL, Spectrum800), a custom-made LED LCU prototype, and one of the first commercially available LED LCUs (LUXoMAX). The Spectrum800 was adjusted to a similar irradiance to the custom-made LED LCU prototype. Both technologies were compared by measuring compressive strength and Knoop hardness depth profiles for selected dental composites polymerized for 20 or 40 s. Four dental composites (Z100, Spectrum TPH, Solitaire2, and Definite) were used. Two of these composites (Solitaire2 and Definite) contain co-initiators in addition to the standard photoinitiator camphorquinone. In general, the material hardness obtained with the LUXoMAX was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) lower at the depths of 0.1, 1.0, 1.9, and 3.1 mm, for all composites and curing times, than for the other three LCUs. The LED LCU prototype achieved, with one exception, up to a depth of 1.9 mm a material hardness for the composites Z100, Spectrum TPH and Solitaire2 that was not statistically significant different (p < 0.05) from the hardness obtained with the halogen LCUs. At a greater depth (3.1 mm), however, the LED LCU prototype showed statistically significantly lower hardness values than the halogen units. The compressive strength test showed at a 95% confidence level that similar compressive strengths were achieved with the LCUs LUXoMAX and Spectrum800, and the Translux and LED LCU prototype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uhl
authors.forename: Robin W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Vowles
authors.forename: Klaus D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Jandt
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation; D013674:Technology, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials