title: Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES III.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between functional limitations and body composition indices, including percentage of body fat, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, population-representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  All noninstitutionalized people living in the United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Data were collected between 1988 and 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand five hundred twenty-six women and 1,391 men aged 70 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independent variables included BMI, muscle mass, and percentage of body fat; the latter two were assessed using predictive equations. The dependent variable, functional limitations, was defined as difficulty in performing at least three of five functional living tasks, such as carrying a 10-pound bag of groceries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the highest quintile for percentage of body fat and women with a BMI of 30 or greater were two times more likely to report functional limitations than women in the comparison groups. Similar, but weaker, relationships were found among men; men in the highest quintile for body fat and men with a BMI of 35 or greater were 1.5 times more likely to report limitations. Low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and sarcopenia in combination with high percentage of body fat (sarcopenic obesity) were not associated with a greater likelihood of reporting functional limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of excessive accumulation of body fat and maintenance of a BMI in the normal range may reduce the likelihood of functional limitations in old age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA. kdavison@psu.edu
authors.forename: Kirsten Krahnstoever
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cogswell
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dietz
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors