Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape.
The concept that the immune system can recognize and destroy nascent transformed cells was originally embodied in the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis of Burnet and Thomas. This hypothesis was abandoned shortly afterwards because of the absence of strong experimental evidence supporting the concept. New data, however, clearly show the existence of cancer immunosurveillance and also indicate that it may function as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting. This process is responsible for both eliminating tumors and sculpting the immunogenic phenotypes of tumors that eventually form in immunocompetent hosts. In this review, we will summarize the historical and experimental basis of cancer immunoediting and discuss its dual roles in promoting host protection against cancer and facilitating tumor escape from immune destruction.
Dunn
Gavin P
GP
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Bruce
Allen T
AT
Ikeda
Hiroaki
H
Old
Lloyd J
LJ
Schreiber
Robert D
RD
D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000276:immunology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm