How well do school-aged children comply with imposed sleep schedules at home?
OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively assess compliance and experimental success with imposed sleep schedules among healthy children involved in an experimental comparison of optimized and restricted sleep.


METHODS
We asked children to follow assigned sleep schedules at home that created optimized (at least 10 hours time-in-bed per night) and restricted (6.5 to 8 hours time-in-bed per night) sleep conditions across 2 weeks during the school year. Self-report or parent-report of bedtime and risetime was obtained daily and continuous actigraphy was recorded.


METHODS
Home.


METHODS
78 healthy children (41 boys, 37 girls; mean age, 10.2 years; age range, 6.5 to 12.9 years)


METHODS
N/A.


RESULTS
We used reported time-in-bed to assess noncompliance with assigned schedules. Experimental failure was assessed with actigraphically based estimates of sleep period (time from sleep onset to sleep offset) and total sleep time (minutes of scored sleep during sleep period). Reported time-in-bed averaged 3.45 hours less per night under restricted versus optimized conditions. Sleep period and total sleep time showed similar differences (2.97 and 2.32 hours less, respectively). Four children met a priori criteria for noncompliance (3 for optimized nights and 1 for restricted). Eight children met a priori criteria for experimental failure within conditions (7 for optimized nights and 1 for restricted), but most achieved a substantial difference in sleep behavior across optimized and restricted weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
In general, healthy children as young as 6 years of age can maintain substantial changes in their usual schedules across several nights at home and should be considered for inclusion in experimental studies of sleep extension and restriction. This paper offers a methodologic "road-map" for scientists interested in pursuing this goal.
Fallone
Gahan
G
E. P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research and Chronobiology Laboratory, East Providence, Rhode Island 02915, USA. Gahan_Fallone@Brown.edu
Seifer
Ronald
R
Acebo
Christine
C
Carskadon
Mary A
MA
D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors