title: Subareolar injection for sentinel lymph node location in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several different injection techniques are currently used for sentinel node (SN) identification in patients with breast cancer. Some studies suggest that the subareolar plexus drains lymph from the whole breast to the same axillary SN. In order to test this hypothesis, we ascertained whether subareolar blue dye injection and subdermal radioisotope injection close to the tumour identify the same axillary nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One day prior to surgery, 50 patients with breast cancer underwent subdermal injection of 30-40MBq of 99m-Tc colloidal albumin (Nanocoll) at the site of the cutaneous projection of the tumour. Ten minutes before surgery, each patient received a subareolar injection of 2-3cc of patent blue. All axillary radioactive nodes and blue-stained nodes were excised and a histologic examination was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radioisotope marked the SNs in 47/50 (94%) cases, and the blue dye in 43/50 cases (86%). In three cases, SNs were not identified with either method. Of the 43 cases in which both the tracers reached the axilla, in 40 (93%) the SN was hot and blue-stained, while in 3 cases the two tracers identified different nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that subareolar injection and subdermal injection elsewhere in the breast usually identify the same SN. Subareolar injection appears to be particularly valuable in patients with multicentric or deep non-palpable breast tumours.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgica II, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy. giorgio.zavagno@unipd.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zavagno
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meggiolaro
authors.forename: Carlo Riccardo
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casara
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pescarini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchet
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denetto
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baratella
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lise
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid