title: Combined effect of topotecan and irradiation on the survival and the induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topotecan demonstrated radiosensitizing effects in vivo and in vitro, which are schedule- and cell line dependent. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Topotecan interferes with DNA replication, transcription, and repair and may thus increase the frequency of radiation-induced lethal chromosome aberrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  U-373 MG glioblastoma cells, WiDr colon adeno-carcinoma cells, as well as normal human fibroblasts and lymphocytes were irradiated (0-6 Gy) and exposed to varying topotecan doses (0.01-10 microM) always 15 minutes before and either 1 hour after (short-term) or 24 hours after (long-term) irradiation. Survival was measured by colony-forming assays, and chromosome aberrations were scored in Giemsa-stained metaphase spreads. Unirradiated cells served as specific controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Topotecan alone reduced the clonogenic cell survival in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and radiosensitization was observed for all cell lines tested. There was no correlation between clonogenic cell survival and the frequencies of treatment-induced chromosomal aberrations, neither in tumor cells nor in fibroblasts. In contrast, in lymphocytes increased frequencies of radiation-induced dicentric chromosomes were seen after the combined treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In certain cell types combined radiation/topotecan treatment may lead to increased frequencies of lethal chromosome aberrations. However, there is no evidence that the increased formation of lethal chromosome aberrations plays an important role in the topotecan-induced radiosensitization of human tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University of Goettingen, Germany. mfraenk@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Margret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rave-Fränk
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glomme
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hertig
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: Clemens F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Virsik-Köpp
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidberger
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000528:radiation effects; D005909:Glioblastoma; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008677:Metaphase; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019772:Topotecan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D019772:Topotecan