title: Powering an artificial heart: birth of the inductively coupled-radio frequency system in 1960.
abstract: In mid-1960, our group initiated a research program focused on studying pain-free electromagnetic methods of furnishing energy to an implanted heart without piercing the skin. During the last half of 1960, we derived a detailed theoretical rationale for a radio frequency system involving inductive coupling between a thin, small, pancake-shaped coil on the surface of the chest and a similar coil either within the chest or, alternatively, subcutaneously. Having an efficiency of about 95%, the system was evaluated in dogs at 50 and 69 W levels, respectively. Thus was born what is now termed the transcutaneous energy transformer (TET).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA. schuderj@missouri.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schuder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000266:history; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000266:history; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D006354:Heart, Artificial / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans