title: Smad2 mediates transforming growth factor-beta induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), although the precise mechanism by which it does so is unclear. We report that Smad2, a transcription factor activated by TGF-beta, mediates TGF-beta induction of eNOS in endothelial cells. TGF-beta induces Smad2 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, where it directly interacts with a specific region of the eNOS promoter. Overexpression of Smad2 increases basal levels of eNOS, and further increases TGF-beta stimulation of eNOS expression. Ectopic expression of Smurf, an antagonizer of Smad2, decreases Smad2 expression and blocks TGF-beta induction of eNOS. Because Smad2 can interact with a variety of transcription factors, coactivators, and corepressors, Smad2 may thus act as an integrator of multiple signals in the regulation of eNOS expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saura
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaragoza
authors.forename: Wangsen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Puyol
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Puyol
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008025:Ligases