title: Recovery of polluted ecosystems: the case for long-term studies.
abstract: Recovery of marine ecosystems from pollution has tended to receive less attention than the study of new or continuing impacts, but such studies are important in charting recovery from acute incidents and following legislation to deal with chronic contamination. Recovery is inevitably a long-term process, and where such studies have been made they are often too short-lived. Interest quickly wanes following an acute incident and governmental bodies rapidly switch to new legislative priorities for chronic inputs. We review three case studies: recovery of dogwhelk populations after local extinction by tributyl tin leachates from anti-fouling paints; recovery of rocky shore communities from oil spills; and recovery of estuarine ecosystems from industrial and urban development. We then make some generalisations about recovery processes before making a plea for long-term studies of polluted areas.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth. sjha@mba.ac.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chesman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Proud
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Southward
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Langston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002947:Cities; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008974:Mollusca; D011157:Population Dynamics; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014873:Water Pollutants; C011559:tributyltin