title: Incidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and its correlation with retinopathy, micro-albuminuria and glycated haemoglobin in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Forty non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM patients were subjected to bedside evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes. Autonomic neuropathy was detected in 23 patients (57.5%); orthostatic hypotension in 6 (15%), abnormal blood pressure response to sustained handgrip in 8 (20%), abnormal Valsalva ratio in 10 (25%), abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing in 12 (30%) and abnormal heart rate response to standing in 11 patients (27.5%). Incidence of parasympathetic neuropathy was 57.5% in comparison to 20% sympathetic neuropathy One abnormal cardiac reflex was seen in 6 (15%), 2 in 13 (32.5%) and 3 or more in 4 patients (10%). Raised glycated haemoglobin was seen in 17 patients,retinopathy in 3 and micro-albuminuria in 11 patients with autonomic dysfunction and in 13, 0 and 3 patients respectively in NIDDM patients without autonomic neuropathy. Positive correlation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was seen with retinopathy and micro-albuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur.
authors.forename: Sudhir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin