title: Update on medical treatment of ejaculatory disorders.
abstract: Among the treatment modalities for ejaculatory disorders pharmacological treatment is the least invasive option. In this review, medical treatments for retrograde ejaculation (RE) and anejaculation (AE) are discussed systematically. Thirty-six studies dealing with patients with RE and 40 with AE evaluated the use of medical treatment and were included in this review. In addition four articles dealing with prostatic massage in anejaculatory patients were considered. Sperm quality in patients with retrograde and AE is often impaired. In patients with RE no differences in response to medical treatment could be detected between the different underlying diagnoses. Compared with ephedrine, imipramine and chlorpheniramine + phenylpropanalamine showed significantly higher reversal rates, while differences between the other treatments were not significant. Regarding the reversal of AE, the alpha agonistic drugs were significantly inferior to treatment with parasympathetic drugs. Of the different alpha agonistic medical treatments for the reversal of AE, milodrin showed significantly better rates than imipramine (p = 0.008), pseudoephidrine (p = 0.02) and ephedrine (p = 0.044), while all other treatments were not significantly different (p = 0.4). In conclusion, medical treatment for reversal of RE offers a realistic chance of conceiving offspring naturally and should be the treatment modality of first choice. In contrast, in AE, medical treatment cannot be recommended generally as treatment of first choice as it shows low overall success rates compared with electrovibration stimulation and electroejaculation. Under consideration of the mostly uncontrolled design of the majority of studies published, controlled clinical trials comparing different treatment options appear urgently warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamischke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nieschlag
mesh_terms: D001977:Brompheniramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004542:Ejaculation; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013566:Sympathomimetics; D010656:Phenylephrine; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D001977:Brompheniramine