Expression of the high-affinity choline transporter, CHT1, in the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system of human and rat skin.
Choline is an essential component in acetylcholine biosynthesis, and is involved in cell signaling. It is unable to permeate the cell membrane and requires a transporter to enter the cell. Neurons that synthesize acetylcholine take up choline by a recently cloned high-affinity choline transporter (choline transporter 1) that is Na+-dependent and can be blocked by hemicholinium-3. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and to analyze the distribution of choline transporter 1 in human and rat skin. The mRNA for choline transporter 1 was detected in rat and human skin and in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. A polyclonal anti-serum was developed against the N-terminal region of the human and rat protein. In rat and human skin, choline transporter 1 immunoreactivity was present in nerve fibers. In addition, keratinocytes, HaCaT cells and cells of the internal root sheath of the hair follicle contained choline transporter 1 immunoreactivity. The labeling patterns of nonconfluent vs confluent cultured cells and the distribution of choline transporter 1 along the epidermal layer suggest an association of choline transporter 1 with keratinocyte differentiation. In conclusion, this study shows the presence of the high-affinity choline transporter choline transporter 1 in nerve fibers and epithelial cells in the human and rat skin supporting the pivotal role of this transporter in both the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system of the skin.
Haberberger
Rainer Viktor
RV
Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. rainer.v.haberberger@anatomie.med.uni-giessen.de
Pfeil
Uwe
U
Lips
Katrin Susanne
KS
Kummer
Wolfgang
W
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000294:innervation*
D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C065637:choline transporter