title: Relationships between God and people in the Bible: a core conflictual relationship theme study of the Pentateuch/Torah.
abstract: The most widely known images of God are from the Bible. An important characteristic of these images is their portrayal of God's interactions with people. Although there have been many religious and literary discussions of God's relationships with people in the Bible, no systematic psychological assessment has been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was an innovation: to identify patterns of relationship between God and people portrayed in the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch or Torah, by using the core conflictual relationship theme (CCRT) method, a widely used scoring system for the assessment of interpersonal relationships. Reliability for the application of the CCRT method to relationship episode narratives in the Pentateuch/Torah was assessed and found to be very good. Results show that the most frequent theme in relationship episode narratives about God and people is that God is helpful. Two less frequent but also highly repetitive themes are that God controls or hurts the other person. Many differences were found between relationship themes defined by the type of person with whom God interacted: patriarch, Moses, woman, non-Israelite, or not a non-Israelite. Thus, the CCRT results identify several different patterns of relationship between God and people.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Popp
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luborsky
authors.forename: Tomasz P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Andrusyna
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cotsonis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seligman
mesh_terms: D001633:Bible; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D012069:Religion and Psychology