title: Proinflammatory cytokines in the course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced apoptosis in monocytes/macrophages.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) can induce apoptosis in monocytes/macrophages both in vitro and in vivo, and this phenomenon is associated with mycobacterial survival. The present study addresses the possibility that apoptotic and inflammatory pathways could coexist through a caspase-1-mediated mechanism. In this context, a caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD), but not caspase-3 (DEVD) or caspase-4 (LEVD) inhibitors, was able to strongly inhibit MTB-induced apoptosis. Moreover, caspase-1 activity was confirmed by the increased maturation of interleukin (IL)-1beta. Of interest, IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were produced massively in the course of infection, and both were inhibited by YVAD pretreatment. To determine whether TNF-alpha was produced actively by apoptotic cells, the intracytoplasmatic cytokine content and apoptotic phenotype were analyzed at the single-cell level. Results showed a progressive increase of TNF-alpha production in annexin V-positive cells. These results indicate that MTB-induced apoptosis is associated with proinflammatory cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciaramella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavone
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amicosante
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auricchio
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Pucillo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colizzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraziano
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors