title: Semliki Forest virus infection is enhanced in Th1-prone SJL mice but not in Th2-prone BALB/c mice during Linomide-induced immunomodulation.
abstract: Linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide) is an immunomodulator with diverse effects on the immune system. Its beneficial effects on experimental autoimmune disease models have been linked to downregulation of Th1 cytokines and altered macrophage functions. We studied this effect of downregulation of Th1-type of immune response on Semliki Forest A7 virus infection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) susceptible Th1-prone SJL mice and in EAE-resistant Th2-prone BALB/c mice. We aimed at addressing the target-cell population of Linomide responsible for this Th1 downregulation. Treatment with Linomide led to increased virus infection in brain and this effect coincided with decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma from stimulated spleen cells in SJL mice. In contrast, IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression were increased in Linomide-treated BALB/c mice. Treatment of infected SJL mice resulted in decreased percentage of CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells. Thus, the target cell population of Linomide may be antigen-presenting cells (APC) which are considered as candidates for regulatory cells of Th1/Th2 balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520, Turku, Finland. jutta.peltoniemi@utu.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peltoniemi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Setälä
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röyttä
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hukkanen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Erälinna
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012672:Semliki forest virus; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018664:Interleukin-12; C045282:roquinimex; D007371:Interferon-gamma