title: Gold sodium thiomalate suppresses the differentiation and function of human dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gold sodium thiomalate (GST) is a drug commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To clarify the mechanism of therapeutic effects of GST on RA, we investigated if GST affects the differentiation of dendritic cells (DC), which are thought to play a pivotal role in RA pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We generated immature DC (iDC) in vitro from PB monocytes during the 5 to 7-day culture in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Mature DC (mDC) were induced by adding TNF alpha on day 5 of the 7-day culture with GM-CSF and IL-4. DC capacity of stimulating T cells was examined in allogenic MLR using generated DC as stimulators. IL-12 production from DC was assayed with ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that: 1) mDC generated in the presence of GST showed lower expression of CD1a, CD83, CD80, CD86, HLA-ABC and HLA-DR compared to control mDC on FACS analysis. 2) GST-treated mDC showed reduced capacity of stimulating allogenic T cells in mixed leukocyte reaction. 3) IL-12p70 production after stimulation with SAC or LPS plus IFN gamma was markedly reduced in GST-treated mDC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GST suppresses the differentiation and function of DC generated from peripheral blood monocytes. This previously unknown action may explain the in vivo effects of GST in the treatment of RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morinobu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saegusa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate; D018664:Interleukin-12; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor