title: Clinical characterization of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men with microdeletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome, and of 18 children conceived via ICSI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe spermatogenic compromise may be the result of a Y-chromosomal deletion of the AZFc region. Prior studies are limited to relatively small numbers of AZFc-deleted men. In this study, we have fully characterized 42 infertile men with a Y chromosome microdeletion strictly confined to the AZFc region, and we report on 18 children conceived through the use of ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men had AZFc deletions. History, physical examination, karyotype, FSH, LH, testosterone, testis histology and results of ICSI using ejaculated or testis sperm were retrospectively accumulated in two academic clinical practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All men were somatically healthy. Karyotypes were 46,XY in all but two men. FSH, LH, testosterone and testis histology could not differentiate those with oligospermia or azoospermia, nor could they predict whether sperm could be found in harvested testis tissue. Paternal age was not increased. Sperm production appeared stable over time. The results of ICSI were not affected by the AZFc deletion. All but one of the offspring were healthy. The sons inherited the AZFc deletion with no increase in length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AZFc-deleted men are somatically healthy, will most likely have useable sperm, will have stable sperm production over time and will have a good chance to experience biological paternity, but their sons will also be AZFc-deleted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, USA. robert.oates@bmc.org
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.forename: Sherman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: Laura G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010331:Paternal Age; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; D004247:DNA