title: Selective aromatase inhibition for patients with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First and second-generation aromatase inhibitors have shown activity in patients with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. These early-generation aromatase inhibitors are nonselective, however, and inhibition of other steroidogenic enzymes may contribute to their reported clinical activity. The authors conducted a Phase II clinical study of letrozole to determine the safety and efficacy of a potent and selective third-generation aromatase inhibitor in men with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three men with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma were treated with oral letrozole (2.5 mg daily). Treatment was continued until progressive disease or Grade 3 toxicity developed. Response and progressive disease were defined according to recommendations of the Prostate Specific Antigen Working Group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 380 weeks of treatment were administered to the 43 study patients. The median duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Forty men discontinued treatment due to progressive disease. Only one patient responded to treatment with a sustained decrease > 50% in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. Three other patients experienced transient minor decreases (< 50%) in serum PSA levels. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective aromatase inhibition with letrozole is not active in men with androgen-independent prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. smith.matthew@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Maryanne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazanis
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manola
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000728:Androgens; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000077289:Letrozole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014230:Triazoles; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D000077289:Letrozole; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen