title: Fermentation of sugar mixtures using Escherichia coli catabolite repression mutants engineered for production of L-lactic acid.
abstract: Conversion of lignocellulose to lactic acid requires strains capable of fermenting sugar mixtures of glucose and xylose. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains were engineered to selectively produce L-lactic acid and then used to ferment sugar mixtures. Three of these strains were catabolite repression mutants (ptsG(-)) that have the ability to simultaneously ferment glucose and xylose. The best results were obtained for ptsG(-) strain FBR19. FBR19 cultures had a yield of 0.77 (g lactic acid/g added sugar) when used to ferment a 100 g/l total equal mixture of glucose and xylose. The strain also consumed 75% of the xylose. In comparison, the ptsG(+) strains had yields of 0.47-0.48 g/g and consumed 18-22% of the xylose. FBR19 was subsequently used to ferment a variety of glucose (0-40 g/l) and xylose (40 g/l) mixtures. The lactic acid yields ranged from 0.74 to 1.00 g/g. Further experiments were conducted to discover the mechanism leading to the poor yields for ptsG(+) strains. Xylose isomerase (XI) activity, a marker for induction of xylose metabolism, was monitored for FBR19 and a ptsG(+) control during fermentations of a sugar mixture. Crude protein extracts prepared from FBR19 had 10-12 times the specific XI activity of comparable samples from ptsG(+) strains. Therefore, higher expression of xylose metabolic genes in the ptsG(-) strain may be responsible for superior conversion of xylose to product compared to the ptsG(+) fermentations.
authors.affiliation: Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dien
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bothast
mesh_terms: D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D014994:Xylose; D005947:Glucose