title: Computerized analysis of digitized mammograms of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, by using computer image analysis, the mammographic density patterns of women with germ-line mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in comparison with those of women at low risk of developing breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammograms from 30 carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and from 142 low-risk women were collected retrospectively and digitized. In addition, 60 of the 142 low-risk women were randomly selected and age matched at 5-year intervals with the 30 mutation carriers. Mammographic features were extracted from the central regions of the breast images to characterize the mammographic density and heterogeneity of dense portions of the breast. These features were then merged into a single value related to the risk of breast cancer by using linear discriminant analysis. The applicability of these computer-extracted features and the output from linear discriminant analysis to differentiate between the carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and the low-risk women in the entire database and in an age-matched group were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative analysis of mammograms demonstrated that carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations tended to have dense breast tissue, and their mammographic patterns tended to be low in contrast, with a coarse texture. Linear discriminant analysis resulted in values of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 and 0.92 in distinguishing between the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the low-risk women in the entire database and the age-matched group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The computerized analysis of mammograms suggests that mammographic patterns in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations differ from those of women at low risk for breast cancer. Our computer-extracted features may be useful as radiographic markers for identifying women at high risk for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Maryellen L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: Olufunmilayo I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Olopade
authors.forename: Dulcy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wolverton
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Shelly A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cummings
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D024682:BRCA2 Protein