title: Dosimetry of therapeutic photon beams using an extended dose range film.
abstract: For intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose distribution verification, multidimensional measurements are required to quantify the steep dose-gradient regions. High resolution, two-dimensional dose distributions can be measured using radiographic film. However, the photon energy response of film is known to be a function of depth, field size, and photon beam energy, potentially reducing the accuracy of dose distribution measurements. The dosimetric properties of the recently developed Kodak EDR2 film were investigated and compared to those of Kodak XV film. The dose responses of both film types to 6 MV and 18 MV photon beams were investigated for depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm and field sizes of 4x4 cm2 and 15x15 cm2. This analysis involved the determination of sensitometric curves for XV and EDR2 films, the determination of dose profiles from exposed XV and EDR2 films, and comparison of the film-generated dose profiles to ionization chamber measurements. For the combinations of photon beam energy, depth, and field size investigated here, our results indicate that the sensitometric curves are nearly independent of field size and depth of calibration. For a field size of 4x4 cm2, a single sensitometric curve for either EDR2 and XV film can be used for the determination of relative dose profiles. For the larger field size, the sensitometric curve for EDR2 film is superior to XV film in regions where the dose falls below 20% of the central axis dose, due to the effects that the increased low energy scattered photon contributions have on film response. The limited field size and depth dependence of sensitometric data measured using EDR2 film, along with the inherently wide linear dose-response range of EDR2 film, makes it better suited to the verification of IMRT dose distributions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esthappan
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutic
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014962:X-Ray Film