title: Radical prostatectomy: bladder neck preservation and puboprostatic ligament sparing--effects on continence and positive margins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of puboprostatic ligament sparing and bladder neck preservation on postoperative continence and positive margins after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 149 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy. A bladder neck preservation technique was used in 48 patients (group 1), puboprostatic ligament sparing in 51 patients (group 2), and both techniques in 50 men (group 3). Urinary continence and margin status were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant difference in the early return of continence was found 3 and 6 months postoperatively between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), as well as between groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05), in favor of groups 1 and 3. However, the long-term continence rates recorded 1 year postoperatively did not differ, at 92%, 92%, and 94% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Positive margins were found in 10 patients (21%) from group 1, in 9 (18%) from group 2, and in 11 (22%) from group 3. Positive margins at the bladder neck were found in 3 (6%), 1 (2%), and 2 (4%) patients, respectively, in groups 1, 2, and 3. These were the sole sites found in 1 patient (2%) in each of groups 1 and 3 and in none of group 2 (0%). Positive margins on the prostatic apex were found in 3 patients (6%) in group 1, 2 patients (4%) in group 2, and 4 patients (8%) in group 3. The apex was the only site found in 0 (0%), 1 (2%), and 2 (4%) patients for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the margin status among the groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final continence rates did not differ among the three groups. However, bladder neck preservation offered an earlier return of continence compared with the puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique. The positive margin status was similar for all three groups.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Urology, University of Athens Medical School, Sismanoglio Hospital, Kolonaki, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deliveliotis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Protogerou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alargof
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varkarakis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014554:Urination