title: Update of ocular manifestations in sarcoidosis.
abstract: Although the lung is the primary target of involvement, sarcoidosis can involve any organ in the body, including the eye. Ocular involvement may also be the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis in many patients. Since no characteristic clinical feature heralds the onset of ocular involvement in sarcoidosis, a systematic eye examination is advised. This review discusses ocular manifestations and changes based upon the anatomic site of the eye, ocular tissue biopsy, and treatment. Early recognition and intervention are essential for the reduction of ocular morbidity and the improvement of the patient's quality of life.
authors.affiliation: The A. Ray Irvine Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Elizabeth D E
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Narsing A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Om P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy