title: What's end of life got to do with it? Research ethics with populations at life's end.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addressed key concerns that gave rise to the question of whether special guidelines were needed to monitor research at the end of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Summary of established ethical and legal guidelines that govern the conduct of research with human subjects, with discussion of issues relevant to populations at life's end. Discussion of whether special guidelines are indicated focuses on four questions concerning: (a). time periods; (b). methods and approaches; (c). informed consent; and (d). obligations of researchers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although research involving patients at end of life does present important ethical and moral challenges to researchers and should be scrutinized carefully by institutional review boards (IRBs), special guidelines are not required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Closer examination of the dimensions discussed will enhance the research endeavor and model the qualities for which end-of-life research should become known.
authors.affiliation: Einstein Center for Urban Health Policy and Research, Thomas Jefferson University/Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA 1944, USA. phippst@einstein.edu
authors.forename: Etienne J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Phipps
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019452:Terminally Ill; D014481:United States; D035862:Vulnerable Populations