title: The use of Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 43560 in the development of a two-phase partitioning bioreactor for the destruction of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX).
abstract: Research on the biodegradation of explosives has focussed exclusively on the treatment of contaminated soil and water. In the present work the anaerobic degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) by Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 43560 was investigated, and a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) was developed for the destruction of pure, past-date munitions. TPPBs are characterized by a cell-containing aqueous phase, and an immiscible and biocompatible organic phase into which very large amounts of toxic and/or insoluble substrates can be dissolved. Based on equilibrium partitioning, the substrate is then transported to the cells, in response to their metabolic requirements, providing a means of demand-based substrate delivery, and high bioreactor productivity. Through consideration of the critical logP of E. cloacae, whether various classes of solvents could be used as sole carbon and energy sources, the capacity of various organics to dissolve RDX, and solvent cost, 2-undecanone was ultimately selected as the delivery solvent for the TPPB. Using this solvent, both batch and fed-batch operation of the TPPB were undertaken, and the volumetric degradation rate of RDX was found to be higher in this arrangement than any previous values reported in the literature. This work has demonstrated the potential of a method for the destruction of decommissioned munitions involving the dissolution of RDX in 2-undecanone, the use of the RDX-rich solvent as the second phase in a TPPB to degrade this explosive, and the subsequent recycling and re-use of the solvent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.,Canada K7L 3N6.
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Pudge
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Daugulis
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D008891:Military Science / Q000379:methods; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009160:cyclonite