title: Gang involvement and the health of African American female adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between gang involvement and female adolescents' health.
  
  
  METHODS
  African American adolescent females (N = 522) completed a survey that assessed their history of gang involvement and health behaviors and provided specimens that were analyzed for marijuana use and sexually transmitted diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In logistic regression analyses, adolescents with a history of gang involvement were more likely to have been expelled from school (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6), be a binge drinker (OR: 3.3), have a positive toxicologic test for marijuana (OR: 2.6), have been in 3 or more fights in the past 6 months (OR: 3.8), have a nonmonogamous partner (OR: 2.4), and test positive for Trichomonas vaginalis (OR: 2.2) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (OR: 3.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study extends the current research on risk behaviors associated with gang involvement to include biological markers for substance use and sexual health outcomes, namely, marijuana use and sexually transmitted diseases.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. gwingoo@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wingood
authors.forename: Ralph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DiClemente
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hook
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012944:Social Support; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology