title: Intrathecal fentanyl added to hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperbaric ropivacaine produces adequate spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Addition of opioid to local anesthetics improves spinal anesthesia. We assessed the effect of fentanyl added to hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine healthy, full-term parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive either fentanyl 10 micro g or normal saline 0.2 mL added to 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine 18 mg. Characteristics of spinal block, intraoperative quality of spinal anesthesia, side effects, complete analgesia (time to first feeling of pain), and effective analgesia (time to first request of analgesics) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of sensory block was prolonged in the fentanyl group (P <.05). Duration of motor block was similar in both groups. The quality of intraoperative analgesia was better in the fentanyl group (P <.05). Incidence of side effects did not differ between groups. Duration of complete analgesia (143.2 +/- 34.2 minutes v 101.4 +/- 21.4 minutes; P <.001) and effective analgesia (207.2 +/- 32.2 minutes v 136.3 +/- 14.1 minutes; P <.001) were prolonged in the fentanyl group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding fentanyl 10 micro g to hyperbaric ropivacaine 18 mg for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery improves intraoperative anesthesia and increases the analgesia in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A Universit, Busan, Korea. cjchung@daunet.donga.ac.kr
authors.forename: Chan Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sung Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Gi Baeg
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jung Sil
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Jhoon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D005283:Fentanyl