title: [Primary pulmonary lymphoma: analysis of cases and review of the literature].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six cases of primary pulmonary lymphoma diagnosed from 1989 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed with regard to its clinical manifestations, X-ray features, bronchoscopic findings, diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary pulmonary lymphoma was a rare form of lymphoma. Its diagnosis was difficult because of the lack of specific characteristics. The most common symptoms were cough (4/6) and fever (2/6). X-ray features included solitary or multiple nodules and consolidation. Hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy might be absent in the early stage. Bronchoscopic examination revealed bronchial constriction, chronic mucosal inflammation or nearly normal bronchi. Definite diagnosis was made by pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations of the lung tissue obtained through surgical operation, pleuroscopy, or percutaneous needle lung biopsy. Treatment modalities included surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis was associated with the malignancy of lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical manifestations of primary pulmonary lymphoma are nonspecific. Misdiagnosis is common. Appropriate invasive biopsy procedures are necessary for early diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ruiqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Baiqiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Weixuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis