title: In vitro investigation of the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of 2 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the circular smooth muscle layer of the equine dorsal and ventral colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of the dorsal and ventral colon obtained from 10 healthy horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness tissue samples were collected from the dorsal colon in the area of the diaphragmatic flexure and the ventral colon in the area of the sternal flexure. Samples were cut into strips oriented along the fibers of the circular muscle layer and mounted in a tissue bath system for determination of contractile strength. Incremental amounts of etodolac, nabumetone, and indomethacin were added, and contractile activity was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response of the dorsal and ventral colon to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was variable. Indomethacin induced the greatest reduction in contractile activity, followed by nabumetone. For etodolac, the difference from baseline values was only significantly reduced at the highest concentration used (1 X 10(5)M) for the ventral colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NSAIDs that are designed to target the COX-2 isoform appeared to have variable effects on the contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon. Etodolac appeared to have the least effect on contractile activity, compared with the effects attributable to nabumetone, and would potentially have the fewest adverse effects relative to motility of the dorsal and ventral colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Van Hoogmoed
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Faye A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Harmon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002074:Butanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017308:Etodolac / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D000077430:Nabumetone; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002074:Butanones; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017308:Etodolac; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000077430:Nabumetone; D007213:Indomethacin