title: Chromate-induced epimutations in mammalian cells.
abstract: Epigenetic gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation of gene promoter regions is a nonmutagenic but heritable epigenetic mechanism that may mistakenly cause the silencing of important cancer-related tumor suppressor genes. Using a transgenic, V79-derived, mammalian cell line (G12) that contains a bacterial gpt reporter gene in its DNA, we can study carcinogen-induced gene inactivation by mutagenic as well as epigenetic DNA methylation mechanisms. Whereas numerous carcinogens have previously been shown to be mutagenic in these cells, a few carcinogens, including nickel, diethylstilbestrol, and X-rays, are also capable of silencing the G12 cell gpt transgene by aberrant DNA methylation. Here we report for the first time that carcinogenic potassium chromate salts can also induce aberrant DNA methylation in this system. In contrast insoluble barium chromate produced significant level of mutations in these cells but did not cause DNA methylation changes associated with transgene expression.
authors.affiliation: Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. kleinc@env.med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Catherine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowser
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leszczynska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D019175:DNA Methylation; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D019076:Transgenes; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens