title: Orthopedic issues after cerebrovascular accident.
abstract: Patients who have had a cerebrovascular accident with resultant hemiplegia often present to the orthopedic surgeon with characteristic complaints and deformities. The most common of these include muscle spasticity and contracture, shoulder pain, hip fracture, and heterotopic ossification. Although some of these disorders are clinically evident, others may be easily overlooked. The purpose of this article is to summarize the most common orthopedic aspects of hemiplegic patients who have had a cerebrovascular accident.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Pennsylvania, and Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Bernard C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liporace
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Koval
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis