title: Comparative evaluation of JPEG and JPEG2000 compression in quantitative digital subtraction radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the impact of JPEG and the novel JPEG2000 compression standard on quantitative digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and to determine the acceptable JPEG2000 compression ratios for DSR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine dry pig mandible sections were radiographed three times ('Baseline', 'No change', and 'Gain') with standardized projection geometry. Bone gain was simulated by adding artificial bone chips (1, 4 and 15 mg). Images were registered, compressed by JPEG and JPEG2000 using compression ratios (CR) of 1 : 7, 1 : 16, 1 : 22, and 1 : 31, and then subtracted. Image distortion was assessed objectively by calculating average pixel error and peak signal to noise ratio. No change areas in compressed and subtracted 'No change-Baseline' images and bone gain volumes in compressed and subtracted 'Gain-Baseline' images were calculated for both compression standards and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  JPEG introduced less distortion at low CRs, while JPEG2000 was superior at higher CRs. At CR of 1 : 7, no significant difference between JPEG and JPEG2000 was found. JPEG2000 yielded better results for no change measurements at higher CRs. Volumes of simulated bone gain were overestimated when JPEG and underestimated when JPEG2000 compression was used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At CR of 1 : 7 JPEG and JPEG2000 performed similarly, which indicates that CR of 1:7 in JPEG2000 can be used for DSR if images are registered before compression. At higher CRs, JPEG2000 is superior to JPEG but image distortions are too high for reliable quantitative DSR.
authors.affiliation: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ljubljana, Slovenia. ales.fidler@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Likar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pernus
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Skaleric
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013552:Swine