title: Correlation of renal tubular epithelial cell-derived interleukin-18 up-regulation with disease activity in MRL-Faslpr mice with autoimmune lupus nephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MRL-Fas(lpr) mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease that mimics systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. Infiltrating T cells expressing interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) are responsible for the autoimmune kidney destruction in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) released by mononuclear phagocytes stimulates T cells to produce the IFNgamma. Since MRL-Fas(lpr) T cells are characterized by an overexpression of the IL-18 receptor accessory chain, we sought to determine the impact of IL-18 on the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-18 expression in sera and kidney tissues from MRL-Fas(lpr) mice was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. IL-18 production by primary cultured tubular epithelial cells (TECs) from MRL-Fas(lpr) and BALB/c mice were examined by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. The interactions of TEC-derived IL-18 and MRL-Fas(lpr) T cells were studied in coculture assays. IL-18-related effects on TEC viability and adhesion molecule expression were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cell proliferation assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Up-regulation of mature IL-18 was restricted to nephritic MRL-Fas(lpr) kidneys and increased in parallel with the severity of lupus nephritis. IL-18 expression was not confined to infiltrating monocytes but was primarily detected in TECs. Similarly, interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme expression, which is required for the processing of precursor IL-18, was localized in TECs. De novo synthesis of IL-18 by MRL-Fas(lpr) TECs was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Functional assays revealed that activated TECs induced IFNgamma production in MRL-Fas(lpr) T cells through IL-18. IL-18, in turn, increased apoptotic TEC death and up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-18-producing TECs may directly be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
authors.affiliation: Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Justus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menke
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kriegsmann
authors.forename: Vicki Rubin
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Werner J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mayet
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Galle
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarting
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020170:Caspase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D020170:Caspase 1