title: The effect of vegetable oil-based cheese on serum total and lipoprotein lipids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of rapeseed oil-based cheese (milk-fat substituted by rapeseed oil) on serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and blood pressure in reference to ordinary, milk-fat-based cheese in subjects with mildly to moderately elevated serum cholesterol concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient dietary intervention with free-living subjects in Eastern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study began with a 2 week pre-trial period followed by two 4 week intervention periods. During the intervention study subjects replaced their ordinary cheese or cold cuts with 65 g of rapeseed oil-based or milk-fat-based control cheese. The type of test cheese was switched at 4 weeks of intervention. Altogether 31 subjects completed the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control cheese period the mean serum total cholesterol concentration was 6.7% (95% Cl -9.9 to -3.5%) lower after 2 weeks and 5.0% (95% Cl -7.5 to -2.5%) lower after 4 weeks of use of rapeseed oil-based cheese. Respectively, LDL cholesterol concentration was 7.0% (95% Cl -11.7 to -2.6%) lower after 2 weeks use and 6.4% (95% Cl -10.0 to -2.8%) lower after 4 weeks' use of rapeseed oil-based cheese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that the rapeseed oil-based cheese reduces serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects when replacing ordinary milk-fat-based cheese in the diet.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Mildola Ltd, Tuusula, Finland and Kyrönmaan Juustomestarit Ltd, lsokyrö, Finland.
authors.affiliation: Oy Foodfiles Ltd (Contract research organization), Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Karvonen
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Tapola
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sarkkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002611:Cheese; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D002784:Cholesterol