title: Alendronate inhibits lysophosphatidic acid-induced migration of human ovarian cancer cells by attenuating the activation of rho.
abstract: Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Recent findings suggest that alendronate and other nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit the mevalonate pathway and thereby inhibit the synthesis of products derived from this metabolite. This, in turn, prevents the prenylation of a number of small GTPases, which regulate cell growth, motility, and invasion. We studied the effect of alendronate on in vitro migration of human ovarian cancer cells. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced a dose-dependent increase of migration of cancer cells by promoting Rho/Rho-associated kinase signaling. The induction of cancer cell migration by LPA was inhibited by the addition of alendronate in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with alendronate resulted in inactivation of Rho, changes of cell morphology, loss of stress fiber formation, and focal adhesion assembly, and the suppression of phosphorylation of myosin light chain and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins, which are essential processes for cell migration. The effects of alendronate on cancer cells were prevented by the addition of geranylgeranyol, which is the metabolic intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. These results suggest that alendronate inhibits Rho activation by preventing geranylgeranylation, which results in inhibition of LPA-induced migration of human ovarian cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Ken-Ichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morishige
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Rikako
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawagishi
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikebuchi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tasaka
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004224:Diterpenes; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; C496061:PXN protein, human; D051419:Paxillin; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014443:Tyrosine; C017338:geranylgeraniol; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D019386:Alendronate