title: Neuropsychological profiles delineate distinct profiles of schizophrenia, an interaction between memory and executive function, and uneven distribution of clinical subtypes.
abstract: Neuropsychological performance in 151 patients with schizophrenia was examined using cluster analysis to identify neurocognitive subtypes. Hierarchical and iterative partitioning methods identified four clusters using an extended neuropsychological battery. Consistent with previous findings two extreme clusters were characterized by near normative performance and profound global dysfunction, respectively. The two remaining neurocognitive clusters displayed moderate-severe dysfunction and were differentiated by unique patterns of abstraction and flexibility, attention, spatial memory, and sensory-perception. Analysis of variance revealed an interaction between global memory and executive function for clusters III and IV. Although limited cluster differences were found relative to clinical and historical data, the distribution of previously defined clinical subtypes was uneven among neurocognitive clusters. Paranoid patients were significantly more likely to be classified into cluster II and disproportionately absent from clusters I and IV. Patients with negative and disorganized clinical subtypes comprised a disproportionate component of clusters I and IV but were less likely to be classified in cluster II. This suggests greater correspondence than previously postulated between systems responsible for clinical symptomatology and those moderating neurocognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA. shill@psych.uic.edu
authors.forename: S Kristian
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ragland
authors.forename: Ruben C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Raquel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis