title: Long term behavioural outcome after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate behavioural outcome and quality of life in children aged 8-14 years after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children operated as neonates with combined deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and low flow cardiopulmonary bypass were evaluated at age 7.9-14.3 years by the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Inventory for the Assessment of the Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (IQCL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parent reported behavioural outcome on all CBCL problem and competence scores was worse, whereas quality of life on self reported IQCL scores was not reduced compared to the normal population. On multivariate analysis, severe preoperative hypoxia was related to parent reported social problems; peri- and postoperative cardiocirculatory insufficiency was associated with internalizing, externalizing, attention, and total behavioural problems. Reduced expressive language was associated with total behavioural problems, and poor academic achievement was related to parent reported deficits in school performance. Impaired neurological status and reduced endurance capacity both predicted self reported stress by illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neonatal arterial switch operation with combined circulatory arrest and low flow bypass is associated with parent reported long term behavioural impairment, but not with self reported general reduction in quality of life. This discrepancy may be a result of different perception of illness. In our experience, increased risk of long term psychosocial maladjustment after neonatal corrective cardiac surgery is related to the presence of neurological impairment and reduced endurance capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52057 Aachen, Germany. hhoevels-guerich@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hövels-Gürich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minkenberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herpertz-Dahlmann
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Messmer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Von Bernuth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome