title: Observation distance and recognition of photographs of celebrities' faces.
abstract: Subjects were tested to assess the distance at which they could recognize the faces of celebrities (more specifically, a set of 44 portrait photographs of movie and television actors). The set of test photographs was shown initially at a distance of 200 ft. and then closer in increments of 20 ft. When the actor in a given photograph was identified, either by name, character role, or by the movie or television show in which the actor had starred, the recognition-distance was recorded and the photograph was removed from the test set. Those which were not recognized (even at the closest distance) were not included in the data summaries or statistical analysis. In calculating recognition-distance for each photograph, the values were adjusted to reflect the distance at which recognition would have occurred if all the faces were of normal size. The upper limit for recognition, as defined by the distance above which only 10% of the faces are identified, was just over 160 ft. for women, and just under 200 ft. for men. There was also a significant difference in mean recognition distance between women and men. The large range of recognition-distance (across photographs and across subjects) argues that the distance is not controlled primarily by the feature detail provided in a given photograph or by the discrimination and recall skills of the observer. More likely it is a function of diverse memory associations, so that the distance at which each photograph is recognized will depend on such factors as frequency and recency of exposure, perceived attractiveness, and how much the subject admires the celebrity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Neuropsychology Foundation, Los Angeles 90089-1061, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004215:Distance Perception; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009040:Motion Pictures; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D013690:Television