title: Rational use of analgesic combinations.
abstract: Careful selection of an effective analgesic regimen based on the amount and type of pain the patient is expected to have can prevent the stress and anxiety associated with breakthrough pain. When analgesics fail, it is not unusual for patients to go to desperate lengths to seek relief. The clinician can and should develop a variety of effective, safe analgesic regimens based on estimates of anticipated pain intensity that apply sound pharmacologic principles.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati Physicians Pain Center, Anesthesia Department, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Post Office Box 670531, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0531, USA. james.phero@uc.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Phero
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000145:classification; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003061:Codeine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000075202:Contraindications; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003729:Dental Care; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000517:prevention & control; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000082:Acetaminophen; D014147:Tramadol; D006853:Hydrocodone; D010098:Oxycodone; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D003061:Codeine