title: Myocardial ischaemia in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting--milrinone versus nifedipin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocardial ischaemia and infarction are major complications immediately after coronary artery bypass grafting. They may be due to incomplete surgical revascularization, perioperative anaesthetic management or vasospasm of arterial grafts, e.g. the internal mammary artery. Infusions of nifedipine or milrinone have been advocated to prevent spasm of the mammary artery. The study compared the incidence of myocardial ischaemia after continuous infusion of either nifedipine (0.2 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or milrinone (0.375 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) in patients with compromised left ventricular function scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  After Institutional Review Board approval, this double-blinded randomized clinical study enrolled 30 adult patients with compromised left ventricular function (ejection fraction < 0.4) scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting after written informed consent had been obtained. Ischaemia was detected by Holter electrocardiographic monitoring. The incidence of myocardial cell death was monitored by serial determinations of the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin-I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New ST elevation > or = 0.2 mV or new ST depression < or = 0.1 mV occurred in five of 15 patients in the milrinone group (33.3%) and in 13 of 15 patients (86.6%) in the nifedipine group (P < 0.05). There were increases in CK-MB and troponin-I in both groups. Twenty-four hours postoperatively, CK-MB (P = 0.003) and troponin-I (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the nifedipine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative continuous infusion of milrinone, compared with nifedipine, results in a significantly lower incidence of myocardial ischaemia and myocardial cell damage after elective coronary artery bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik and Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möllhoff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Aken
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berendes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buerkle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinbold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prenger-Berninghoff
authors.forename: T D T
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tjan
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019210:Troponin I; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D009543:Nifedipine; D020105:Milrinone