title: Repeatability of mae-geri-keage in traditional karate: a three-dimensional analysis with black-belt karateka.
abstract: In karate, performance also depends on a correct body shape, and the repeatability of standardized movements conditions the effectiveness of techniques. The execution of mae-geri-keage (frontal snap kick) was studied in 13 karateka (1st-5th dan). The 3D trajectories of 13 body landmarks were analyzed by an optoelectronic instrument while each karateka performed 10 repetitions of the movement. For each karateka and repetition, the standard deviations of the spatial coordinates x, y, z for each landmark were computed. A total standard deviation of the single participant was also calculated. Two experienced karateka performed with the best repeatability (smaller standard deviation) while executing the studied kick. Generally, the best repeatability was observed in the horizontal plane. The lower variability was observed in hips and head. Ankle and knee of the dominant limb had the worse. The method could detect athletes particularly gifted for the discipline. Moreover, it could help in the identification of those parts of body that do not repeat the movement with the desired precision.
authors.affiliation: ISEF Lombardia Università degli Studi di Milano, Functional Anatomy Research Center, Dipartimento di Antatomia Umana, Facoltà di Scienze Motorie, Italy. LAFAL@unimi.it
authors.forename: Chiarella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turci
authors.forename: Gian Piero
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Yuri F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzini
authors.forename: Virgilio F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ferrario
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014741:Video Recording