title: Propofol increases pulmonary artery smooth muscle myofilament calcium sensitivity: role of protein kinase C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular smooth muscle tone is regulated by changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. These cellular mechanisms could serve as targets for anesthetic agents that alter vasomotor tone. This study tested the hypothesis that propofol increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASM) via the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine PASM strips were denuded of endothelium, loaded with fura-2/AM, and suspended in modified Krebs-Ringer's buffer at 37 degrees C for simultaneous measurement of isometric tension and [Ca2+]i.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The KCl (30 mm) induced monotonic increases in [Ca2+]i and tension. Verapamil, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, attenuated KCl-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and tension to an equal extent. In contrast, propofol attenuated KCl-induced increases in [Ca2+]i to a greater extent than concomitant changes in tension and caused an upward shift in the peak tension-[Ca2+]i relation. Increasing extracellular Ca2+ in the presence of 30 mM KCl resulted in similar increases in [Ca2+]i in control and propofol-pretreated strips, whereas concomitant increases in tension were greater during propofol administration. The Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin (0.1 microm), increased [Ca2+]i to approximately 50% of the value induced by 60 mm KCl. Under these conditions, propofol (10, 100 microm) caused increases in tension equivalent to 11 +/- 2 and 28 +/- 3% of the increases in tension in response to 60 mM KCl, whereas [Ca2+]i was slightly decreased. Similar effects were observed in response to the PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1 microm). Specific inhibition of PKC with bisindolylmaleimide I before ionomycin administration decreased the propofol- and PMA-induced increases in tension and abolished the propofol- and PMA-induced decreases in [Ca2+]i. Selective inhibition of Ca2+ -dependent PKC isoforms with Gö 6976 also attenuated propofol-induced increases in tension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that propofol increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in PASM, and this effect involves the PKC signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anesthesiology Research FF40, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Derek S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Damron
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D002118:Calcium; D015742:Propofol