title: Gut hormones in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis during starvation and reintroduction of enteral nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal hormones control gut functions in response to enteral nutrition. Diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, may affect gut hormone secretion and therefore influence gut functions. Because bowel rest is an important part of the treatment, infants with this disease are especially at risk for an altered gut hormone secretion and thus for compromised gut functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, the gastrointestinal hormone profiles of eight preterm infants with an ileostomy after necrotizing enterocolitis (Bell stages 2 and 3) were evaluated during starvation and reintroduction of enteral nutrition. Basal and postprandial plasma concentrations of gastrin, cholecystokinin, and peptide YY were measured with sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays. The results were compared with those of 11 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patients and the controls, plasma concentrations of all hormones were higher postprandially. The increases in cholecystokinin and peptide YY were significant in the patients. Compared with the controls, all concentrations were higher in the patients, and changes were significant for basal and postprandial cholecystokinin and postprandial peptide YY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral nutrition stimulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, also in premature infants with a diseased distal small bowel and colon, as in necrotizing enterocolitis. The postprandial increase of peptide YY in patients with an ileostomy indicates that enteral substrate in the colon is not necessary for stimulation of peptide YY secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Meenakoemarie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharman-Koendjbiharie
authors.forename: Wim P M
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piena-Spoel
authors.forename: Marcel J I J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Jan B M J
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
mesh_terms: D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013217:Starvation
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D019894:Peptide YY; D002766:Cholecystokinin