title: Postoperative analgesic effects of intravenous lornoxicam and morphine with pre-emtive ropivacaine skin infiltration and preperitoneal instillation after transabdominal hysterectomy.
abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of intravenous lornoxicam and morphine with the preemptive effects of ropivacaine local skin infiltration and peritoneal instillation in reducing postoperative pain after transabdominal hysterectomy, a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study was done in 88 patients undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy under general anesthesia. The patients were allocated into 4 groups to receive: (group A) only intravenous morphine 10 mg; (group B) intravenous morphine 10 mg and lornoxicam 16 mg; (group C) intravenous morphine 10 mg, lornoxicam 16 mg with 0.5 per cent ropivacaine local skin infiltration before skin incision and 1 per cent ropivacaine instillation before peritoneal incision; (group D) intravenous morphine 10 mg, lornoxicam 16 mg with 1 per cent ropivacaine instillation after peritoneal closure and 0.5 per cent ropivacaine local skin infiltration before skin closure. Pain was assessed by patients using visual analog scales (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 hours after surgery. Time to first analgesic requirement and morphine requirement during the first 6 h were significantly lower in the groups using lornoxicam (group B, C, D) as compared with the group using only morphine (group A). However there was no significant difference between group B and group C or group D which means that the additional analgesic effects of using local anesthetic infiltration and instillation either before (pre-emptive) or after the incision could not be seen in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous 16 mg of lornoxicam with 10 mg of morphine significantly reduced postoperative pain during the first 6 h after abdominal hysterectomy. Additional effects of using local anesthetic wound infiltration to the use of lornoxicam could not be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Shusee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visalyaputra
authors.forename: Vimolluck
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanansilp
authors.forename: Nuchsaroach
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pechpaisit
authors.forename: Roungsin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Choavarartana
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sritisarn
authors.forename: Wanna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ungpinitpong
authors.forename: Ladda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Permpolprasert
authors.forename: Parichard
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apidechakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine; C059451:lornoxicam