title: The association between low birth weight and high levels of cholesterol is not due to an increased cholesterol synthesis or absorption: analysis in twins.
abstract: Low birth weight may be associated with high levels of cholesterol in later life through genetic factors that affect both birth weight and cholesterol metabolism. Alterations in cholesterol synthesis and absorption may play an important role in this association. We examined birth weight and plasma ratios of a precursor of cholesterol, lathosterol (an estimate of cholesterol synthesis), and plant sterols, campesterol and beta-sitosterol (estimates of cholesterol absorption), to cholesterol in 53 dizygotic and 58 monozygotic adolescent twin pairs. After adjustment for current weight, birth weight was not associated with the ratios of lathosterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol either in the overall sample [+0.07 micro mol/mmol/kg (95% confidence interval: -0.11 to 0.25), p = 0.5; +0.02 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.33 to 0.37), p = 0.9; and -0.04 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.23 to 0.15), p = 0.8, respectively] or in the intrapair analysis in dizygotic twins [+0.27 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.28 to 0.82), p = 0.3; -0.03 micro mol/mmol/kg (-1.07 to 1.01), p = 1.0; and +0.04 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.56 to 0.64), p = 0.9, respectively] or in the intrapair analysis in monozygotic twins [+0.54 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.09 to 1.18), p = 0.09; -0.60 micro mol/mmol/kg (-1.59 to 0.39), p = 0.2; and -0.43 micro mol/mmol/kg (-0.99 to 0.14), p = 0.14, respectively]. Plasma levels of lathosterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol, which are indicators of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, thus do not explain the association of low birth weight with high levels of total and LDL cholesterol. As an alternative hypothesis, we suggest that a decrease in cholesterol clearance may play an important role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Cardiovascular Research , Vrije Universiteit, BU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ijzerman
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Eco J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Geus
authors.forename: Mirjam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Weissenbruch
authors.forename: Henriette A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Delemarre-van de Waal
authors.forename: Dorret I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Boomsma
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010840:Phytosterols; D012307:Risk Factors; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000097:blood; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; C001521:lathosterol; D002784:Cholesterol