Monitoring endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic of a plant calreticulin by protein glycosylation analysis.
Calreticulin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved Ca(2+)-binding protein that is involved in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and molecular chaperoning in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Plant calreticulin, in contrast to its animal counterpart, is often glycosylated: its N-glycans have been shown so far to be of the high-mannose type, typical of ER-resident glycoproteins. During the characterization of calreticulin from vegetative and reproductive tissues of Liriodendron tulipifera L., we gained some biochemical evidence that prompted us to investigate the monosaccharide composition and primary structure of the calreticulin N-glycans isolated from the ovary of this dicotyledon tree. The structures of the components of the N-glycan pool were elucidated by HPLC analysis and exoglycosidase sequencing, and further confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The 16 identified oligosaccharide structures, which consisted of both the high-mannose and complex type, are indicative of calreticulin glycan processing through the ER-to-Golgi pathway up to the medial and trans Golgi stacks. Approximately 45% of calreticulin glycan chains are of the complex type, always containing beta(1,2)-xylose, and approximately a third of these also contain alpha(1,3)-fucose in the core. The most complex glycoform harbors the Lewis-a epitope Gal(beta)1-3[Fuc(alpha)1-4]GlcNAc. Immunolocalization of calreticulin with anti-calreticulin antibodies was consistent with protein transit through the Golgi. Thus, although it contains the tetrapeptide HDEL ER retention signal, the reticuloplasmin calreticulin possesses the competence to transit from the ER compartment to the distal Golgi stacks. The final fate of the protein after its complete maturation is still obscure.
Navazio
Lorella
L
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Miuzzo
Manuela
M
Royle
Louise
L
Baldan
Barbara
B
Varotto
Serena
S
Merry
Anthony H
AH
Harvey
David J
DJ
Dwek
Raymond A
RA
Rudd
Pauline M
PM
Mariani
Paola
P
D037282:Calreticulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D031567:Liriodendron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D021381:Protein Transport; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
D037282:Calreticulin; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides