title: Results of an adjunct dietary intervention program in the Women's Health Initiative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the efficacy of an intensive intervention program (IIP) based on motivational interviewing to motivate participants within the dietary study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to meet the study's nutritional goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  WHI dietary intervention participants (n=175) from 3 clinical centers were randomly assigned to either intervention or control status. Participants assigned to IIP intervention received 3 individual motivational interviewing contacts from a dietitian, plus the usual WHI Dietary Intervention. Participants randomly assigned to IIP control received the usual WHI dietary modification (DM) Intervention. Percent of energy from fat was estimated at study baseline and at follow-up (1 year later) using the WHI Food Frequency Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in percent energy from fat between IIP baseline and IIP 1-year follow-up was -1.2% for IIP intervention participants and +1.4% for IIP control participants, giving an overall difference of 2.6% (P<.001). Participants having the highest IIP baseline fat intake (>30% energy) showed the largest overall change in percent energy from fat between IIP baseline and IIP follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that a protocol based on motivational interviewing and delivered through contacts with trained dietitians is an efficacious way to further lower dietary fat intake among participants exposed to ongoing intervention. These data will be useful in future intervention situations when there is a need to increase motivation to change.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash 98109, USA. dbowen@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Caroly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ehret
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Laida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snetselaar
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tinker
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hollinger
authors.forename: Lichty
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ilona
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sivertsen
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ocke
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.forename: Jea Williams
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Beedoe
mesh_terms: D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009042:Motivation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats