Pharmacogenomics in anticoagulant drug development.
The emergence of pharmacogenomic-guided anticoagulant drug development has unraveled novel approaches in the management of patients and ensured individualized therapy to one and all. Gene expression profiling will be useful in the diagnoses of various diseases, in preclinical phases of drug development and in developing markers for adverse drug reactions and desired pharmacological effects. Hence, the adverse drug reactions can be avoided by withdrawing a particular drug. Through cheminformatics, decisions could be made in anticoagulant drug discovery, tailored to the individual needs of the patient at the right dosage and right time. As the human genome is now completely mapped, gene-based single nucleotide polymorphism will be valuable in the diagnosis of diseases. In this review, various polymorphism of coagulation factors will be discussed. Newer anticoagulant drugs could be withdrawn from drug discovery and development pipelines should they exhibit hepatic metabolism requiring CYP450 enzymes known to manifest single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics and cheminformatics should be incorporated in the current study designs of prospective clinical trials. Pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic data should be included in the Investigational New Drug (IND) applications, which would enable the FDA to better understand its true impact on pharmacoeconomics. Pharmacogenomics will eventually revolutionize anticoagulant drug development and future practice of medicine.
Iqbal
Omer
O
Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. oiqbal@lumc.edu
D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
D000925:Anticoagulants; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases