title: Single-dose oral tolerance test with alternative compounds for the management of adverse reactions to drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse reactions to drugs are common in the clinical practice. Many outpatients are frequently referred to allergists in order to determine which drugs they can safely take in the future.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We set up an oral single-dose tolerance test procedure to find out for each patient one or more alternative drugs that can be taken when needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  452 outpatients (130 male, 322 female) with well-documented reactions (urticaria/angioedema, respiratory symptoms, laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis, exfoliative skin diseases) underwent the challenge. All tests were preceded by a single-blind placebo: if a reaction occurred, a second placebo was administered. Otherwise, a single dose (1/10 of the therapeutic one) of an alternative drug was given blindly and the patient was then observed for 6 h. The drugs used were different in structure from those suspected of having caused the adverse reaction. The patients were followed up at 4- to 6-month intervals, in order to detect any reaction that may have occurred with the tested drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  98 patients (89 women) had untoward reactions after the first placebo and 34 out of them reacted to the second placebo, too. During challenges the reaction rate ranged between 4.6 and 9.0%; these reactions were easily managed and none of them was severe. We followed up 407 patients: 87.2% of them were able to use one or more of the suggested drugs without reactions, 9.3% did not take the drugs and only 3.5% reported reactions to the previously tested drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The challenge procedure proved to be a simple tool for managing patients with adverse reactions to drugs. Its safety and reliability were validated by a long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa University, Italy. giovanni.passalacqua@hsanmartino.liguria.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passalacqua
authors.forename: Manlio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mincarini
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciprandi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scordamaglia
authors.forename: Giorgio W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canonica
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000799:Angioedema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002744:Chlorpheniramine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D047069:Pyrazolones; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D011720:Pyrazoles; D047069:Pyrazolones; C038362:pyrazolone; D002744:Chlorpheniramine; D001623:Betamethasone; D001241:Aspirin