title: Increased efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria among children with sickle cell trait in Western Kenya.
abstract: The role of the sickle cell hemoglobin type as a determinant of treatment outcome with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was retrospectively studied in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria who lived in an area with intense perennial malaria transmission. Between 1993 and 1997, 2795 treatments involving 813 children were monitored. Sickle cell trait (HbAS) was present in 17.7% of the children. Two-and-a-half percent of the children experienced early clinical treatment failure by day 2-3, and 17.3% of the children were parasitemic on day 7. Treatments in HbAS children were less likely than those in HbAA children to result in persistence of parasitemia by day 3 (relative risk [RR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.93; P=.02) or in parasitologic treatment failure on day 7 (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P<.0001). These results suggest that the HbAS phenotype should be included among factors that determine sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Dianne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terlouw
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aidoo
authors.forename: Venkatachalam
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Udhayakumar
authors.forename: Margarette S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kolczak
authors.forename: Aggrey J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Oloo
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kager
authors.forename: Altaf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Bernard L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nahlen
authors.forename: Feiko O ter
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Kuile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis; D006451:Hemoglobin, Sickle / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000150:complications*; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006451:Hemoglobin, Sickle; C028672:hemoglobin AA; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; C028671:hemoglobin AS; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D006441:Hemoglobin A; D011739:Pyrimethamine