title: An uncommon tumor in a renal graft recipient: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
abstract: The development of malignancies after solid organ transplantation represents an increasing clinical problem complicating the long-term follow-up of transplant recipients. In this case report the authors describe the rare triple combination of a simultaneous hepatocellular carcinoma with a glucagonoma and a splenic hamartoma in a renal allograft recipient. It is not only the first published report of a glucagonoma occurring after renal transplantation but serves also as an illustration of the therapeutic decision making in the setting of the immune-compromised host. This case report also illustrates the different imaging modalities that can be used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium. Kathleen.Claes@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Evenepoel
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roskams
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirenne
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vanrenterghem
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005935:Glucagonoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D013160:Splenic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery