title: Intra- and intercultural comparisons of the personality profiles of medical students in Argentina and the United States.
abstract: This study was designed to compare the personality profiles of medical students in Argentina and the United States. The ultimate purpose of the research was to study the value of personality measures in predicting academic and professional performances. Participants were 421 medical students in Argentina (254 women, 167 men) and 623 medical students in the United States (207 women, 416 men). Eight personality measures were administered: Perception of Stressful Life Events, Test Anxiety, General Anxiety, Loneliness, Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. Intracultural comparisons showed some minor gender differences in personality profiles within each culture (e.g., in the United States, women scored higher than men on the Perception of Stressful Life Events and General Anxiety scales, and in Argentina, women scored higher on the Test Anxiety scale). Intercultural comparisons of personality profiles showed that Argentine medical students obtained higher average scores than did their American counterparts on the Perception of Stressful Life Events, Test Anxiety, General Anxiety, External Locus of Control, Extraversion, and Neuroticism scales. Argentine students scored lower on the Loneliness scale than did their American counterparts. Psychometric findings supported the measurement properties of the personality measures in the two cultures (e.g., construct validity, and internal consistency aspect of reliability). Further study of the implications of the findings in predicting academic attainment in medical school and to physician performance is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Investigation of Mathematical and Experimental Psychology (Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicologia Matematica y Experimental, CIIPME), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Horacio J A
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rimoldi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojat
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States