title: Nuclear phosphatases and the proteasome in suppression of STAT1 activity in hepatocytes.
abstract: IFN-gamma induction of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is mediated by an IFN-gamma-activated sequence (GAS), via binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). These studies focused on the factors responsible for down-regulation of nuclear STAT1 in hepatocytes, the primary site of synthesis of C1INH. The activity of nuclear STAT1 following stimulation with IFN-gamma was sustained with the phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, or the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin. Pervanadate prolonged STAT1 activation and blocked the inactivation of nuclear STAT1. Binding of ubiquitin to phosphorylated STAT1 was detectable in cells treated with lactacystin. Staurosporine only moderately decreased the prolongation of nuclear phosphorylated STAT1 after pretreatment with pervanadate or lactacystin. An antisense mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP-1) oligonucleotide prolonged the accumulation of phosphorylated STAT1. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that down-regulation of IFN-gamma-mediated nuclear STAT1 binding in hepatocytes involves both dephosphorylation by MKP-1 and degradation via proteolysis by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, 800 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Dongxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scafidi
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Prada
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zahedi
authors.forename: Alvin E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; D050718:Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011485:Protein Binding; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; D050718:Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C469952:SERPING1 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015843:Serpins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025801:Ubiquitin; C076715:pervanadate; C067713:lactacystin; D014638:Vanadates; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D019311:Staurosporine; D000111:Acetylcysteine