title: Tissue response to N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate after percutaneous injection into cutaneous vascular lesions.
abstract: Despite the fact that cyanoacrylates, a group of rapidly polymerizing adhesives, are used widely in general surgery, neuroradiology, otolaryngology, and plastic surgery, scientific data on histopathological changes resulting from the deposition of -butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), a new-generation cyanoacrylate derivative, in human tissues is based largely on experimental observations in animals and sporadic postmortem studies in humans. The authors report the consecutive pathological findings of a patient who underwent surgery for facial hemangioma after percutaneous injection of NBCA for devascularization of a lesion, and underwent additional surgery 1 and 6 months after the initial operation for the removal of the residual NBCA cast from the injection site. Acute inflammatory findings after injection of NBCA and the development of a chronic granulomatous foreign body reaction support the histological findings of experimental animal studies and postmortem examinations on humans. Additionally, their findings support the proposed hypothetical sequence of events for the recanalization of cyanoacrylate-embolized vascular structures.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil Ibrahim
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vargel
authors.forename: M Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mavlll
authors.forename: Aytaç
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gököz
authors.forename: Yücel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erk
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate