title: Cytokine production by human milk cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same mothers.
abstract: Samples of milk (n = 80) and venous blood were collected at 5 weeks postpartum from 82 lactating mothers. Human milk cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and the production of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human milk cells spontaneously produced significantly less interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha than peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of stimulation. In vitro stimulation of human milk cells with lipopolysaccharide (500 ng/ml) for 24 hr increased cytokine production by approximately 40-50%, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells responded to lipopolysaccharide (200 ng/ml) with increased cytokine production of up to 350%. These observations suggest that cells in milk are capable of active involvement in the production of the interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a in the mammary gland and have the capacity to respond to further stimulation after leaving the breast.
authors.affiliation: Child Nutrition Research Centre, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanna S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.forename: Dani-Louise
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides