title: Clustering of the SOM easily reveals distinct gene expression patterns: results of a reanalysis of lymphoma study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A method to evaluate and analyze the massive data generated by series of microarray experiments is of utmost importance to reveal the hidden patterns of gene expression. Because of the complexity and the high dimensionality of microarray gene expression profiles, the dimensional reduction of raw expression data and the feature selections necessary for, for example, classification of disease samples remains a challenge. To solve the problem we propose a two-level analysis. First self-organizing map (SOM) is used. SOM is a vector quantization method that simplifies and reduces the dimensionality of original measurements and visualizes individual tumor sample in a SOM component plane. Next, hierarchical clustering and K-means clustering is used to identify patterns of gene expression useful for classification of samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested the two-level analysis on public data from diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The analysis easily distinguished major gene expression patterns without the need for supervision: a germinal center-related, a proliferation, an inflammatory and a plasma cell differentiation-related gene expression pattern. The first three patterns matched the patterns described in the original publication using supervised clustering analysis, whereas the fourth one was novel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that by using SOM as an intermediate step to analyze genome-wide gene expression data, the gene expression patterns can more easily be revealed. The "expression display" by the SOM component plane summarises the complicated data in a way that allows the clinician to evaluate the classification options rather than giving a fixed diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N0310 Oslo, Norway. junbaiw@radium.uio.no
authors.forename: Junbai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delabie
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aasheim
authors.forename: Erlend
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeland
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Myklebost
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012984:Software