title: Modifications of coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following laparoscopic surgery is unknown and studies on alterations of hemostasis after laparoscopy are inconclusive.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we prospectively evaluated changes in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen (Fg), antithrombin III (ATIII), prothrombin fragment F 1 + 2, beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG) and D-dimer (D-D), preoperatively and 24 h after laparoscopic surgery in 16 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing pre- and postoperative values, no statistical differences were observed in aPTT, F1 + 2, and ATIII measurements. Postoperative PT values increased slightly (p approximately 0.05) after surgery. Conversely, Fg, betaTG, and D-D values were statistically higher in the 24-h evaluation (p = 0.008, 0.01, and 0.045, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that laparoscopic surgery induces activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways and, additionaly, betaTG elevation, which has never been reported and might account for postoperative platelet activation and a greater risk of thrombogenicity. Therefore, routine thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Catania, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, via Plebiscite 628, 95100 Catania, Italy. rvecchio@mbox.unict.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: MacFadyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen