title: Induction of immunoglobulin G1, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 by Taenia crassiceps metacestode carbohydrates.
abstract: T helper type 2 (Th2) -polarized immune responses are characteristically dominant in helminth infections. Two murine models that show a Th1 to Th2 polarization with infection progression are those of Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia crassiceps. In both, an early Th1 response is replaced by a late Th2 response. We report that the nucleic acid-, protein- and lipid-free carbohydrate fraction of T. crassiceps metacestodes (denoted T-CHO) possesses Th2-like immunomodulatory activity. Immunization of two strains of rats (Dark Agouti and Albino Oxford) and BALB/c mice with chicken albumin in the presence of T-CHO resulted in selective enhancement of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies, considered to be associated with Th2 responses in both rats and mice. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) followed by IL-10 were the dominant cytokines detected in in vitro cultures of mouse spleen cells stimulated with T-CHO. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in these culture supernates. Furthermore, Taenia carbohydrates were mitogenic to spleen cells, activated serine phosphorylation of proteins and up-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. When mouse spleen cells were cultured in the presence of Taenia carbohydrates, a concentration-dependent down-regulation of IL-2 and an overlapping up-regulation of IL-6 secretion were seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. sendiss@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: Senarath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dissanayake
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.forename: Shanaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wijesinghe
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukic
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013621:Taenia / Q000276:immunology; D013622:Taeniasis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002241:Carbohydrates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10