title: The impact of ethnicity on outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the Veterans Health Administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of African American (AA) and Hispanic American (HA) ethnicity on mortality and complications following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the impact of ethnicity on outcomes following cardiovascular procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included all 29,333 Caucasian, 2,570 AA, and 1,525 HA patients who underwent CABG surgery at any one of the 43 VHA cardiac surgery centers from January 1995 through March 2001. We evaluated the relationship between ethnicity (AA vs. Caucasian and HA vs. Caucasian) and 30-day mortality, 6-month mortality, and 30-day complications, adjusting for a wide array of demographic, cardiac, and noncardiac variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for baseline characteristics, AA and Caucasian patients had similar 30-day (AA/Caucasian odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84 to 1.35; p = 0.59) and 6-month mortality risk (AA/Caucasian OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.34; p = 0.31). However, among patients with low surgical risk, AA ethnicity was associated with higher mortality (OR 1.52, CI 1.10 to 2.11, p = 0.01), and AA patients were more likely to experience complications following surgery (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45; p < 0.01). In contrast, HA patients had lower 30-day (HA/Caucasian OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98; p = 0.04) and 6-month mortality risk (HA/Caucasian OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.88; p < 0.01) than Caucasian patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnicity does not appear to be a strong risk factor for adverse outcomes following CABG surgery in the VHA. Future studies are needed to determine why AA patients have more complications, but ethnicity should not affect the decision to offer the operation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology (111B), Denver VA Medical Center, 1055 Clermont Street, Denver, Colorado 80222, USA. john.rumsfeld@med.va.gov
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rumsfeld
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Plomondon
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: A Laurie W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shroyer
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D044465:White People