title: Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine effectiveness of infusion of 1 and 2% enilconazole for treatment of nasal and sinusal aspergillosis, respectively, in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 client-owned dogs with aspergillosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dogs had typical clinical signs of aspergillosis and rhinoscopically visible intrasinusal or intranasal fungal plaques associated with turbinate destruction. During rhinoscopy, affected nasal cavities and frontal sinuses were debrided meticulously. Nineteen dogs (group A) were treated with 1% enilconazole by use of a modified noninvasive infusion procedure. Seven dogs (group B) were treated with 2% enilconazole via catheters that were placed via endoscopic guidance into the frontal sinuses. All dogs underwent follow-up rhinoscopy for determination of further treatment until cure was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, disease duration, clinical score, and rhinoscopic score were similar for both groups before treatment. In group A, 17 of 19 dogs were cured; 9, 6, and 2 dogs were cured after 1, 2, or 3 treatments, respectively. The remaining 2 dogs were euthanatized before the end of the treatment protocol. In group B, all dogs were cured; 6 dogs and 1 dog were cured after 1 or 2 treatments, respectively. Only minor adverse effects such as nasal discharge, epistaxis, and sneezing developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After extensive rhinoscopic debridement, 1 and 2% enilconazole infused into the nasal cavities and the frontal sinuses, respectively, were effective for treatment of aspergillosis in dogs. Intrasinusal administration via endoscopically placed catheters appeared to require fewer infusions for success. Follow-up rhinoscopy is strongly advised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences of Small and Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zonderland
authors.forename: Christoph K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Störk
authors.forename: Jimmy H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Annick J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hamaide
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Balligand
authors.forename: Cecile M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clercx
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014420:Turbinates
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; C017435:enilconazole