title: Allele-specific histone lysine methylation marks regulatory regions at imprinted mouse genes.
abstract: In different eukaryotic model systems, chromatin and gene expression are modulated by post-translational modification of histone tails. In this in vivo study, histone methylation and acetylation are investigated along the imprinted mouse genes Snrpn, Igf2r and U2af1-rs1. These imprinted genes all have a CpG-rich regulatory element at which methylation is present on the maternal allele, and originates from the female germ line. At these 'differentially methylated regions' (DMRs), histone H3 on the paternal allele has lysine-4 methylation and is acetylated. On the maternally inherited allele, in contrast, chromatin is marked by hypermethylation on lysine-9 of H3. Allele-specific patterns of lysine-4 and lysine-9 methylation are also detected at other regions of the imprinted loci. For the DMR at the U2af1-rs1 gene, we establish that the methyl-CpG-binding-domain (MBD) proteins MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD3 are associated with the maternal allele. These data support the hypothesis that MBD protein-associated histone deacetylase/chromatin-remodelling complexes are recruited to the parental allele that has methylated DNA and H3-K9 methylation, and are prevented from binding to the opposite allele by H3 lysine-4 methylation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNRS, UMR-5535, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballestar
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delaval
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hever
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteller
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D000072668:Splicing Factor U2AF; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear; D000072668:Splicing Factor U2AF; C000607495:Zrsr1 protein, mouse; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins; D008239:Lysine