title: Etiology and management of hemmorrhage in spontaneous liver rupture: a report of 70 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the causes and management of hemorrhage in spontaneous liver rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy cases of spontaneous liver rupture were retrospectively analyzed for causes of hemorrhage and therapeutic effects of surgical approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that the causes of spontaneous liver rupture were primary liver cancer in 60 cases (85.7 %), cirrhosis in 3 cases (4.3 %), liver angioma in 2 cases (2.9 %), liver adenoma in 4 cases (5.7 %),and secondary liver cancer in 1 case (1.4 %). Hemostasis was achieved with surgical approaches in 68 cases (97.1 %) and non-surgical approaches in 2 cases (2.9 %). Surgical interventions included suture, ligation of hepatic artery, hepatic artery chemoembolization and partial hepatic resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that surgical intervention is still the main therapeutic method and the best procedure that should be selected according to causes of disease and patient's condition and history.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, China.
authors.forename: Zhe-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-Hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zuo-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000150:complications; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy