title: Cell division cycle control in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the mRNA level of several genes involved in cell cycle regulation in alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS). p21(Cip1), Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2, Cyclin D3, CDK2, and CDK4 were evaluated by RT-PCR. All (13 out of 13) ERMS expressed the p21(Cip1) gene compared with only 40% (4 out of 10) of the ARMS. Moreover, the amount of p21(Cip1) mRNA was noticeably higher in the ERMS samples than in the positive ARMS specimens. p27(Kip1) protein were analysed by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting. A noticeable difference was observed, in that ERMS had higher amounts of the cell cycle inhibitor compared with the ARMS. Finally, treatment of two rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, RH-30 and RD, with butyrate, resulted in complete growth inhibition and in the upregulation of the p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) levels. Our results demonstrate that ERMS have a much higher level of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1) than the alveolar types, explaining, at least in part, the distinct features and outcomes (i.e. a poor prognosis of the alveolar type) of the two forms of this childhood solid cancer. Moreover, the data on butyrate-treated cell lines suggest that the two genes are potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolutive Age, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borriello
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criscuolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosolen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dello Iacovo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Ragione
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iolascon
mesh_terms: D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056742:Cyclin D2; D056743:Cyclin D3; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018232:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar / Q000473:pathology*; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C080336:CCND2 protein, human; C534696:CCND3 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D056742:Cyclin D2; D056743:Cyclin D3; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)