title: Neutrophil chemokines in cultured nasal fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for tissue neutrophil immigration in sinusitis, primary nasal fibroblasts are analyzed for synthesizing and delivering neutrophil chemokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary nasal fibroblast cell culture was treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations of 20 and 200 ng/ml for 2, 8, 24 and 72 h. Chemokine concentrations in supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and chemokine mRNA expression in fibroblasts was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Biological chemotactic activity was identified by three-step high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by bioassay measuring neutrophil chemotaxis in a single Boyden chamber system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha were induced in nasal fibroblast culture by proinflammatory stimulus. After 24 h of stimulation neutrophil chemotactic activity only was detected for IL-8. Granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2 mRNA was already significantly up-regulated after 2 h of stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of IL-8 protein dominates chemokine synthesis 24 and 72 h after stimulation, whereas induction of GCP-2 mRNA seems to have a role in the early phase after 2 h of exposition with TNF-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudack
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eble
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D002845:Chromatography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C062991:AZU1 protein, human; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha