title: The prognostic significance of lymph node size in patients with squamous esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains dismal, and their care poses a great challenge of customizing therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Lymph node staging is still less than ideal in esophageal cancer patients. Therefore, we investigated a new approach to lymph node analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-seven patients curatively resected for squamous cell cancer of the esophagus were studied. The long diameter of the largest metastatic lymph node (MLN) was measured on a histopathologic slide and was considered as the MLN size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival decreased with each millimeter increment in MLN size. By using MLN size as the lymph node classification criterion, patients with MLN <10 mm had both a significantly better overall and cancer-specific survival than those with MLN >or=10 mm. Patients with fewer than four MLNs were separated into prognostic groups according to the MLN size. Among the several prognostic factors, MLN size remained the strongest independent predictor of survival by multivariate analysis. This nodal analysis allowed stratification of patients into four stages with distinctly different survivals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach supplements traditional nodal staging strategies and therefore has potential for guiding the development of treatment strategies in this carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan. nigeka33@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Dipok Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: Maruyama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riruke
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Alex G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate