Self-induced structural switches in RNA.
Many biologically active RNAs show a switch in their secondary structure, which is accompanied by changes in their function. Such changes in secondary structure often require trans-acting factors, e.g. RNA chaperones. However, several biologically active RNAs do not require trans-acting factors for this structural switch, which is therefore indicated here as a "self-induced switch". These self-induced structural switches have several characteristics in common. They all start from a metastable structure, which is maintained for some time allowing or blocking a particular function of the RNA. Hereafter, a structural element becomes available, e.g. during transcription, triggering a rapid transition into a stable conformation, which again is accompanied by either a gain or loss of function. A further common element of this type of switches is the involvement of a branch migration or strand displacement reaction, which lowers the energy barrier of the reaction sufficiently to allow rapid refolding. Here, we review a number of these self-induced switches in RNA secondary structure as proposed for several systems. A general model for this type of switches is presented, showing its importance in the biology of functionally active RNAs.
Nagel
Jord H A
JH
Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Pleij
Cornelis W A
CW
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D007438:Introns; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012313:RNA