title: Mental disorder and violence: personality dimensions and clinical features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review examines the role of personality dimensions in the greater rates of violence that have now been established to accompany certain classes of mental disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Empirical studies are reviewed that have often used objective measures of personality and epidemiological samples with low levels of subject selection biases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of violence may be understood in terms of four fundamental personality dimensions: 1) impulse control, 2) affect regulation, 3) narcissism, and 4) paranoid cognitive personality style. Low impulse control and affect regulation increase the risk for violence across disorders, especially for primary and comorbid substance abuse disorders. By contrast, paranoid cognitive personality style and narcissistic injury increase the risk for violence, respectively, in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in samples of both college students and individuals with personality disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review supports the hypothesis that these four fundamental personality dimensions operate jointly, and in varying degrees, as clinical risk factors for violence among groups with these classes of mental disorders.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry 116A, Brockton VAMC, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02301, USA. paul.nestor@umb.edu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nestor
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*