title: The influence of eye muscle surgery on shape and relative orientation of displacement planes: Indirect evidence for neural control of 3D eye movements.
abstract: Is Listing's law a consequence of 2D control of eye positioning, where eye torsion is determined by the biomechanical properties of the orbit, or is it a reflection of full 3D neuronal control? This was investigated by observing the influence of a change in mechanical properties of the eye socket on 3D eye movements. The shape and relative orientation of displacement planes were measured using scleral search coils before and after operation of five patients with strabismus. The operation influenced the shape of displacement planes in both eyes of all patients. After the operation, most patients obeyed Listing's law more accurately: a monocular, surgically induced, orbital change caused binocular improvements of torsional control. The relative orientation of planes also changed, but no clear relationship was found between the type of operation and the direction of rotation. The results suggest that Listing's law is not just a result of the biomechanical properties of the eye socket, but has a neural basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: M P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: ten Tusscher
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: J S H
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vles
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kingma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology