title: Firefighting efforts may lead to massive fungal growth and exposure within one week. A case report.
abstract: A case study on extensive fungal growth that occurred in an apartment building after firefighting efforts is described in this paper. Exposure to airborne microorganisms (both viable and total) was investigated by filter sampling in three periods before and during remedial actions after the fire. Material samples were also analyzed. Extensive mold growth was observed on the building materials as soon as eight days after the fire. High concentrations of fungal spores, 10(7) cfu/g, were found when material samples were analyzed. Concentrations of airborne fungal spores (10(4) spores/m3) were also high and increased by two orders of magnitude during the demolition of moldy building materials and during the clean-up after the demolition. The proportions of airborne viable fungi in comparison with the total spore concentrations were 28-83% immediately after the fire, but they had decreased to <1% two months after the fire during the reconstruction phase. Paecilomyces was the main fungal genus in the indoor air before and during the demolition, while Penicillium dominated during the reconstruction. Paecilomyces was not detected in the outdoor air. Paecilomyces and Penicillium were also found in the material samples. The results show that fast and extensive mold growth in a building may take place also in subarctic climates, at least during summer. High concentrations of fungal spores are released to the air during the demolition of moldy building materials and the following clean-up. Therefore, personal protection is necessary during such work.
authors.affiliation: Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland. sirpa.rautiala@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Sirpa H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Rautiala
authors.forename: Aino I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: Pentti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kalliokoski
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005387:Finland; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D017155:Wettability