title: Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist recommendations in a Veterans Affairs medical center.
abstract: Pharmacist recommendations and their clinical and economic outcomes in a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center were studied. The first 600 pharmacist recommendations that met study criteria were evaluated for type and frequency, rate of acceptance by physicians, potential benefit or harm, and economic consequences. The study site included inpatient and outpatient settings and a skilled-nursing facility. The most frequent types of pharmacist recommendations involved adjusting the dosage or frequency of administration and discontinuing a drug that was not indicated for the patient's medical problem. The rate of acceptance of the recommendations was 92%. The recommendations led to improved clinical outcomes in over 30% of cases in each setting and no change in over 40% of cases in each setting. Evaluators determined that patient harm was avoided by the recommendations in 90% of cases; patient harm was caused in less than 1% of cases. The overall mean cost avoidance per recommendation was $700, and the mean total cost avoidance for all 600 recommendations was $420,155. Pharmacist recommendations improved clinical outcomes and saved money at a VA medical center.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific (UOP), USA. audrey.lee@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Audrey J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Maureen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Boro
authors.forename: Katherine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Joy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Korman
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000191:economics; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States