title: IGF-I in a normal population: relation to psychosocial factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  IGF-I has important actions on cell division, apoptosis, differentiation and metabolism, as well as on cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle. Deficiency of GH, an important regulator of IGF-I, is associated with reduced well-being. IGF-I levels have been related to cognitive function in older individuals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the IGF-I concentrations in a normal population of men and women aged 20-74 years and to determine the influence of a variety of behavioural and psychosocial factors as well as metabolic factors on these concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 408 randomly selected people who had answered a questionnaire concerning health care utilization and quality of life that was administered to a random sample of 4200 people over age 17 from the northwestern region of greater Stockholm in 1995. Thirty-four men and 34 women were randomly selected from the age group 20-24 and from each 10-year age group between the ages of 25-75 years. Seventy-one per cent of the 408 people invited to come in for an examination agreed to attend, making a total sample size of 288 people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A medical examination was performed and blood drawn in the morning after subjects had been fasting overnight. Before the examination, they were asked to fill out a questionnaire concerning lifestyle and psychosocial factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of IGF-I was positively skewed, but using logarithmically transformed IGF-I, a more symmetrical distribution was obtained. A linear inverse correlation was found between logarithmically transformed IGF-I levels and age which explained more than 40% of the variation in men and women. Linear correlation analysis between IGF-I and different parameters of health and disease, lifestyle and psychosocial factors, resulted in several significant correlations most of which disappeared after controlling for age. In the younger age group (20-44) there were positive correlations between IGF-I and psychosocial factors representing quality of life and psychological well-being. In the middle age group (45-59) higher IGF-I levels were related to better physical health, higher education and higher concentrations of lipoprotein Lp(a). In the older age group (over 59 years) higher levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower levels of SHBG were associated with higher IGF-I levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a randomly selected (nondisease) population, IGF-I concentrations show a consistent decrease with age in both men and women, accompanied by different association patterns relevant to disease risk. Levels are related to psychosocial parameters in the younger age group and metabolic impairment associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the older age groups. We speculate on the relative roles of age and cohort differences in rearing conditions in determining these differences.
authors.affiliation: Research Center in General Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Institution for Social Work, University of Stockholm, Sweden. anna-lena.unden@.ks.se
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Unden
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elofsson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Moira S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lewitt
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brismar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002784:Cholesterol