title: A 10-year experience of complex liver trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver trauma is a relatively rare surgical emergency but mortality and morbidity rates remain significant. It is likely that surgeons outside specialist centres will have limited experience in its management; therefore best practice should be identified and a specialist approach developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected from 52 consecutive patients over a 10-year interval were examined to identify best practice in the management of these injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of injuries occurred as a result of road traffic accidents; 39 (75 per cent) of the 52 patients were stable at presentation to the referring hospital. In 36 patients (69 per cent) the liver injury was a component of multiple trauma. Ultrasonography, computed tomography or no radiological investigation was used in the referring hospital in 18 (35 per cent), 25 (48 per cent) and nine (17 per cent) patients respectively. Operative management was undertaken in the referring hospital in 26 patients (50 per cent). The overall mortality rate was 23 per cent (12 of 52 patients), and increased with increasing grade of severity. Eight of 26 patients managed surgically at the referring hospital died, compared with four of the 26 patients managed without operation (P not significant). The median time from arrival at the referring hospital to operation was 4 h for haemodynamically stable patients and 3 h for those who were haemodynamically unstable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with liver trauma can be managed conservatively. Operative management carried out in non-specialized units is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Abdominal injuries should raise a high index of suspicion of liver injury, and the data suggest that computed tomography of the abdomen should precede laparotomy (even in some haemodynamically unstable patients) to facilitate discussion with a specialist unit at the earliest opportunity.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Brammer
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bramhall
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McMaster
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Buckels
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery