title: Clinical and macroscopic study of maxillary molars with two palatal roots.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an anatomical variation in maxillary first molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A case report is presented of a maxillary first molar requiring root-canal treatment that had two palatal roots with distinct canals and foramena at the apical level. Root-canal treatment was performed using mechanical instrumentation with NiTi files. An anatomical study on two extracted maxillary second molars with the same variation revealed their internal structure. This case demonstrates an uncommon anatomical condition and supplements previous reports of such cases affecting maxillary molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware of uncommon anatomical variations in maxillary molars. The majority of maxillary first molars have three roots and four canals. Maxillary molars may have two canals in the palatal root.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baratto-Filho
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fariniuk
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pecora
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cruz-Filho
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sousa-Neto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D009532:Nickel; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium