title: Azathioprine without oral ciclosporin in the long-term maintenance of remission induced by intravenous ciclosporin in severe, steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous ciclosporin is considered to be the only alternative to avoid surgery in severe, steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. In responders, some authors recommend a switch to oral ciclosporin to act as a 'bridge' until the therapeutic action of azathioprine is achieved for maintenance treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the short- and long-term outcome of intravenous ciclosporin-responsive ulcerative colitis patients treated with oral azathioprine without oral ciclosporin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of all patients treated with intravenous ciclosporin for severe, steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis were reviewed. Responders following treatment with azathioprine but without oral ciclosporin as maintenance therapy were included. Patients with colonic cytomegalovirus infection and/or follow-up of less than 1 year were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients were included. Steroids were discontinued in 24 (89%). The median follow-up was 36 months. Eighteen (75%) patients presented mild or moderate relapses, which were easily managed with salicylates or steroids. Cumulative probabilities of relapse were 42%, 72% and 77% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Eleven (40.7%) patients underwent elective colectomy. Cumulative probabilities of colectomy were 29%, 35% and 42% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. No opportunistic infections were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral azathioprine seems to be enough to maintain long-term remission induced by intravenous ciclosporin in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. The 'bridging step' with oral ciclosporin may not be necessary in this subset of patients, although a randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domènech
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Planella
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosinach
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fluvià
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boix
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gassull
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003082:Colectomy; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine