title: Functional outcome of botulinum toxin A injections to the lower limbs in cerebral palsy.
abstract: We evaluated gross motor function following botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections in the lower limbs of children with spastic cerebral palsy in a randomized clinical trial, using a cross-over design. Forty-nine children (24 males, 25 females, age range 22 to 80 months) were randomly allocated to two groups: group 1 received BTX-A and physiotherapy, and group 2 received physiotherapy alone for 6 months. At the end of this period, group 2 received BTX-A and physiotherapy and group 1 continued with physiotherapy alone. Assessment measures were the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), the Vulpe Assessment Battery (VAB), joint range of movement, the Modified Ashworth Scale, and a parental questionnaire. Sustained gains in gross motor function were found in both groups of children but the only additional benefit found in group 1 was a significant increase in fine motor rating on the VAB. By contrast, parents rated the benefit of treatment highly. It is likely that assessment at 3 and 6 months post injection was too late to demonstrate peak gross motor function response and that changes in GMFM are not sustained over 6 months with a single dose. Further studies should investigate changes over shorter time periods and consider covariables such as BTX-A dosage, number of injection sites, and the role of repeated injections combined with other interventions such as casting.
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. reddihod@cryptic.rch.unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Dinah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reddihough
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Grahame J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fosang
authors.forename: Anne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: H Kerr
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A