title: [Early diagnosis of progressive systemic sclerosis: the role of oro-facial phenomena].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study considers the oro-facial manifestations occurring in a group of patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis, evaluating their predictive role and monitoring the systemic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  34 patients with systemic sclerosis were examining: 30 women, 4 men, at the Department of Dental Sciences, Palermo University, from July 1998 to March 2001. All patients were positive for the diagnostic criteria of scleroderma.1 For each patient we considered: observation of any changes in soft tissues of the oral cavity; evaluation of possible xerostomia; evaluation of any fungal infections; presence of prosthetic sores in patients wearing dentures; DMFS evaluation; evaluation of periodontal health; evaluation of bone resorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the most interesting results was that: in 4 patients, medical history contained past trigeminal sensory neuropathy characterised by the slow and gradual numbness of the face muscles, which developed into pain and paresthesia, weakening or disappearance of the sense of taste and in one case loss of sensitivity at the oro-pharynx (this progression of symptoms preceded by three years the onset of systemic manifestations, and consequently diagnosis); 14 patients as first sign of the disease had a "hardening" of the skin of the face with consequent microstomia with marked difficulty in speaking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most significant result emerging from this study was the predictive role of progressive systemic sclerosis, that can be played by some oro-facial manifestations; an important element which has recently changed the life expectation for scleroderma patients is the possibility of diagnosing the disease in an early phase and thus bringing to bear all the therapeutic measures necessary to hinder development of the disease and its consequences.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Odontostomatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Stomatologiche G. Messina, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Scardina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzullo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Messina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001862:Bone Resorption; D003778:Dentures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004548:Elasticity; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000209:etiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology