title: Interferon treatment in children with chronic hepatitis B: an Israeli experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the experience of two pediatric gastroenterology centers in northern Israel using interferon alpha to treat children with chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 59 children with chronic HBV. Forty-nine children were treated with subcutaneous IFN alpha at dosages of 10 MU/m (n = 12) or 5 MU/m (n = 37) three times a week for 6 months. Children treated with 5 MU/m IFN alpha were a heterogeneous group with regard to their alanine aminotransferases levels: 11/37 (group 1) had ALT twice above the upper limit of normal and 26/37 (group 2) had normal or less than twice ULN elevations of ALT. Ten children were observed without treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sustained biochemical and virologic response occurred in 9/12 children (75%) treated with 10 MU/m IFN alpha, 3/11 (27%) in group 1 given 5 MU/m (P = 0.0315) and 4% (1/26) in group 2 treated with 5 MU/m. After 4 years follow-up, similar seroconversion rates were present in children who had baseline ALT higher than twice ULN, whether they were treated with 10 or 5 MU/m IFN alpha (83 vs. 73%). Children with normal or slightly abnormal baseline ALT also had a similar anti-hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rate at the end of follow-up, whether they had been treated with IFN alpha or not (2/26, 8%, in group 2 and 4/10, 40%, in the untreated children, not significantly different).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of IFN alpha treatment in this group of Israeli children are similar to these reported in the literature and reinforce the current consensus, which recommends INF alpha only for children with chronic HBV and significantly elevated liver enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Hanoch
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Drora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rimon
authors.forename: Lucyna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bassan
authors.forename: Phillipe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trogouboff
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teitler
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018912:Arabs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D000410:Alanine Transaminase