title: Optimized stimulation and recording parameters of human 'nociception specific' blink reflex recordings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few non-invasive methods are available for studying trigeminal nociception in humans. The 'nociception specific' blink reflex (nBR) is elicited by a preferential stimulation of trigeminal nociceptive fibers and is highly sensitive to changes in trigeminal nociception. The aim of this study was to establish its optimal stimulation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inter-individual variability of R2 responses (41 healthy subjects), symmetry of R2 responses after right vs. left sided stimulation (25 subjects), optimal stimulation parameters (3 groups, each 16 subjects) and re-test reliability over time (15 subjects) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nBR had a R2 response with a latency of 44.7+/-7.3ms, but no R1 response. The mean difference of R2 latencies (right vs. left sided stimulation) was 0.4+/-2.1(SD)ms, the mean ratio of the R2 response areas (RA) was 1.05+/-0.39 (SD). Thus, lateral differences of onset latencies greater than 4.6ms (0.4+4.2 (2SD)) or >1.83-fold (1.05+0.78 (2SD)) of RA can be assumed as outside of normal range. Long inter-block intervals of 7min minimized the cumulative habituation of R2 RAs to 23%, onset latencies remained constant. Re-test reliability over 4 weeks was high both for latencies (Crohnbach's alpha=0.85) and RAs (alpha=0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nBR with the established stimulation parameters could be used for studying trigeminal nociception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. zaza.katsarava@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Katsarava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellrich
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaube
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000502:physiology