title: Label-free probing of genes by time-domain terahertz sensing.
abstract: A label-free sensing approach for the label-free characterization of genetic material with terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves is presented. Time-resolved THz analysis of polynucleotides demonstrates a strong dependence of the complex refractive index of DNA molecules in the THz frequency range on their hybridization state. By monitoring THz signals one can thus infer the binding state (hybridized or denatured) of oligo- and polynucleotides, enabling the label-free determination the genetic composition of unknown DNA sequences. A broadband experimental proof-of-principle in a freespace analytic configuration, as well as a higher-sensitivity approach using integrated THz sensors reaching femtomol detection levels and demonstrating the capability to detect single-base mutations, are presented. The potential application for next generation high-throughput label-free genetic analytic systems is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Halbleitertechnik, RWTH Aachen, Sommerfeldstr. 24, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. haring@iht-ii.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haring Bolivar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brucherseifer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosserhoff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008872:Microwaves; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA