title: General anesthetics do not affect release of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  General anesthetics inhibit evoked release of classic neurotransmitters. However, their actions on neuropeptide release in the central nervous system have not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of representative intravenous and volatile anesthetics were studied on the release of sulfated cholecystokinin 8 (CCK8s), a representative excitatory neuropeptide, from isolated rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Basal, elevated KCl depolarization-evoked and veratridine-evoked release of CCK8s from synaptosomes purified from rat cerebral cortex was evaluated at 35 degrees C in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca2+. CCK8s released into the incubation medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay after filtration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevation of extracellular KCl concentration (to 15-30 mM) or veratridine (10-20 microm) stimulated Ca2+ -dependent CCK8s release. Basal, elevated KCl- or veratridine-evoked CCK8s release was not affected significantly by propofol (12.5-50 microm), pentobarbital (50 and 100 microm), thiopental (20 microm), etomidate (20 microm), ketamine (20 microm), isoflurane (0.6-0.8 mM), or halothane (0.6-0.8 mMm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically relevant concentrations of several classes of general anesthetics did not affect basal, KCl-evoked, or veratridine-evoked CCK8s release from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals. This is in contrast to the demonstrable effects of certain general anesthetics on the release of amino acid and catecholamine transmitters. These transmitter-specific presynaptic effects of general anesthetics suggest that anesthetic-sensitive presynaptic targets are not common to all transmitter classes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Victor N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pashkov
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Westphalen
authors.forename: Hugh C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hemmings
mesh_terms: D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D051381:Rats; D012844:Sincalide / Q000378:metabolism*; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018681:Anesthetics, General; D012844:Sincalide