title: Supercritical fluids and their applications in biotechnology and related areas.
abstract: This article serves as an overview, introducing the currently popular area of supercritical fluids (SFs) and their uses in biotechnology and related areas. It covers the fundamentals of supercritical science and moves on to the biotechnological and associated applications of these fluids. Subject areas covered include pure substances as supercritical fluids, the properties of supercritical fluids, organic cosolvents, solubility, and the following applications: extraction, chromatography, reactions, particle production, deposition, and the drying of biological specimens. Within each application, and where possible, the basic principles of the technique are given, as well as a description of the history, instrumentation, methodology, uses, problems encountered, and advantages over the traditional, nonsupercritical methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman. john@squ.edu.om
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Salim H R
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: al-Saidi
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D002627:Chemistry, Physical / Q000379:methods*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D011312:Pressure; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents