title: Immobilized lipase-catalysed production of alkyl esters of restaurant grease as biodiesel.
abstract: Simple alkyl ester derivatives of restaurant grease were prepared using immobilized lipases as biocatalysts. The lipases studied included those of Thermomyces lanuginosa and Candida antarctica supported on granulated silica (gran- T.l. and gran- C.a., respectively), C. antarctica supported on a macroporous acrylic resin (SP435) and Pseudomonas cepacia immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (IM PS-30). All alcoholysis reactions were carried out in solvent-free media employing a one-step addition of the alcohol to the reaction system. Of the lipases studied, IM PS-30 was found to be the most effective in catalysing the methanolysis and ethanolysis of grease. The processes catalysed by gran- T.l. and gran- C.a. lipases gave poor conversions to esters, and the SP435-catalysed reactions gave intermediate yields of ethyl and methyl esters. Water activity (a(w)) was an important factor in the methanolysis reactions; reaction media with a(w)<0.5 resulted in the highest conversions to methyl esters. Molecular sieves also improved methyl ester yields by as much as 20% in transesterification reactions catalysed by IM PS-30. The immobilized lipases also were evaluated for their ability to produce alkyl esters of grease with several additional normal and branched-chain alcohols.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. ahsu@arserrc.gov
authors.forename: An-Fei
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Kerby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Foglia
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Marmer
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D016956:Burkholderia cepacia / Q000201:enzymology; D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology; D002384:Catalysis; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004951:Esterification; D004952:Esters; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005742:Gasoline; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012147:Restaurants; D013045:Species Specificity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D004952:Esters; D005742:Gasoline; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010938:Plant Oils; D000431:Ethanol; D008049:Lipase