title: Long-term outcome of intracranial germinoma with hCG elevation in cerebrospinal fluid but not in serum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pure germinomas have a good prognosis compared to those with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells (STGCs), which show elevated human chorionic gonadotropin or human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (hCG/hCG-beta) levels and relapse frequently. However, the long-term outcome of patients with germinoma and detectable hCG/hCG-beta in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but not in serum is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome of patients with pure germinomas (no increase in hCG/hCG-beta in serum or CSF, 13 cases; group A), germinomas with STGC (increased hCG/hCG-beta in serum, 13 cases; group B) and germinomas with increased hCG/hCG-beta only in CSF (6 cases; group C) was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three groups received similar radiotherapy. Groups A and C each showed a 10-year survival rate of 100%, while this was only 69.2% in group B. The 10-year relapse-free survival rates were 92.3%, 69.2% and 83.3% (groups A, B and C, respectively). Groups A and C each had one case of tumor relapse, but there was no recurrence simply by the application of radiotherapy. On the other hand, in group B, tumor relapse was seen in 4/13 (30.8%) cases. Three of them showed relapse within the region of the initial radiation exposure and died despite all available treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with an increased hCG/hCG-beta level in CSF may be considered to be similar to pure germinomas and should be treated and followed-up carefully.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Utsuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanizaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018237:Germinoma / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human