title: Feasibility and yield of a self-administered questionnaire for health risk appraisal in older people in three European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of a self-administered questionnaire for health risk appraisal in older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A scientifically updated and culturally adapted English and German language version of the Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons self-administered questionnaire identifying risk factors for functional impairment in older people was administered to three samples of older people (UK: Urban-based general practitioner list, n=348; Switzerland: Community-based lists in rural/suburban area, n=213; Germany: Occupants of residential care facilities, n=149).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of people judged the questionnaire as easy to comprehend (UK 81.4%; Switzerland 97.2%; Germany 93.1%) and to complete (83.2%, 95.8%, 91.4%). Prevalence of risk factors was higher than 10% at each site for excessive fat intake (25-54%), lack of social activity (15-47%), low physical activity (28-46%), impaired vision (17-38%), impaired hearing (23-25%), and urinary incontinence (13-37%). Uptake of recommended preventive health measures, including screening and vaccination was below 50% in more than half of recommended items, with large variations between sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acceptance of the adapted Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons questionnaire was high and its feasibility supported. The findings identified a high prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors for ill health and disability in older people with large variations in prevalence rates and awareness between sites. The yield supports the further development and evaluation of the approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Spital Bern Ziegler, Morillonstr 75, 3001 Bern, Switzerland. Andreas.Stuck@spitalbern.ch
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Stuck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elkuch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dapp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iliffe
authors.forename: Cameron G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Swift
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany; D006293:Health Promotion; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D006113:United Kingdom