title: Impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use during induction for acute myelogenous leukemia in children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administered during acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) induction affects hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic toxicity, length and outcome of induction therapy, event-free survival, overall survival, and prognostic significance of the day 7 bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Children's Cancer Group study 2891, patients were given intensively timed induction with G-CSF (n = 254) after accrual for the regimen without G-CSF (n = 258) was met.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to neutropenic recovery after induction courses 1 and 2 was significantly shorter for patients who received G-CSF. Times to platelet recovery were similar regardless of G-CSF use. Effects on incidence of grades 3 and 4 toxicities, infections, or fatal infections were not observed. Use of G-CSF reduced the median length of induction by 9 days and hospital stay by 6 days. Induction remission rates, overall survival, and event-free survival were similar with and without G-CSF. Day 7 bone marrow was prognostic of better long-term outcome. Patients with hypercellular day 7 marrow who received G-CSF had a higher remission rate and event-free survival than patients who did not receive G-CSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of severe toxic event and infection, induction remission rate, overall survival, and event-free survival were comparable regardless of G-CSF use. Use of G-CSF decreased neutropenia duration, hospital stay, and length of induction. Patients with hypercellular day 7 bone marrow who received G-CSF had an induction remission rate and event-free survival superior to those of patients who did not receive G-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. talonzo@childrensoncologygroup.org
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Alonzo
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Kobrinsky
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aledo
authors.forename: Beverly J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Allen B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D017053:Infection Control; D007902:Length of Stay; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013922:Thrombocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013866:Thioguanine; D000069585:Filgrastim; D003630:Daunorubicin