title: The diverse roles of specific GLP-1 receptors in the control of food intake and the response to visceral illness.
abstract: Intracerebroventricular administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) reduces food intake and produces symptoms of visceral illness, such as a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The central hypothesis of the present work is that separate populations of GLP-1 receptors mediate the anorexia and taste aversion associated with GLP-1 administration. To test this hypothesis, we first compared the ability of various doses of GLP-1 to induce anorexia or CTA when administered into either the lateral or fourth ventricle. Lateral and fourth ventricular GLP-1 resulted in reduction of food intake at similar doses, whereas only lateral ventricular GLP-1 resulted in a CTA. Such data indicate that both hypothalamic and caudal brainstem GLP-1 receptors are likely to participate in the ability of GLP-1 to reduce food intake. We also hypothesized that the site that must mediate the ability of GLP-1 to induce visceral illness is in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Administration of 0.2 or 1.0 microg of GLP-1 (7-36) but not the inactive GLP-1 (9-36) resulted in a strong CTA with no accompanying anorexia. In addition, bilateral CeA administration of 2.5 microg of a GLP-1 receptor antagonist before intraperitoneal administration of the toxin lithium chloride resulted in a diminished CTA. Together, these data indicate that separate GLP-1 receptor populations mediate the multiple responses to GLP-1. These results indicate that GLP-1 is a flexible system that can be activated under various circumstances to alter the ingestion of nutrients and/or produce other visceral illness responses, depending on the ascending pathways of the GLP-1 system that are recruited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0559, USA. kinzigkp@emailuc.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kinzig
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seeley
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002404:Catheterization; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017833:Visceral Afferents / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; C055453:glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D018021:Lithium Chloride