title: Human herpesvirus 6 and Chlamydia pneumoniae as etiologic agents in multiple sclerosis - a critical review.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought by many investigators to have an infectious component, and several microorganisms have been associated with the disease during the last three decades. Recent studies have implicated both human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae in the etiology of MS. As with earlier studies of other potential agents, however, evidence linking either of these organisms to the disease is equivocal. In this article, we review data for and against involvement of HHV-6 and C. pneumoniae in MS, as well as evidence concerning auxiliary factors, such as possession of the APOE epsilon4 allele, which may influence the role of these organisms in pathogenesis. Further, we suggest several lines of investigation that should clarify whether either or both pathogens are associated meaningfully with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Swanborg
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whittum-Hudson
authors.forename: Alan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015551:Autoimmunity; D002648:Child; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000821:virology; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D019349:Roseolovirus Infections / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral