title: Effects of deletion of streptokinase residues 48-59 on plasminogen activation.
abstract: Streptokinase (SK) is a thrombolytic agent widely used for the clinical treatment of clotting disorders such as heart attack. The treatment is based on the ability of SK to bind plasminogen (Pg) or plasmin (Pm), forming complexes that proteolytically activate other Pg molecules to Pm, which carries out fibrinolysis. SK contains three major domains. The N-terminal domain, SKalpha, provides the complex with substrate recognition towards Pg. SKalpha contains a unique mobile loop, residues 45-70, absent in the corresponding domains of other bacterial Pg activators. To study the roles of this loop, we deleted 12 residues in this loop in both full-length SK and the SKalpha fragment. Kinetic data indicate that this loop participates in the recognition of substrate Pg, but does not function in the active site formation in the activator complex. Two crystal structures of the deletion mutant of SKalpha (SKalpha(delta)) complexed with the protease domain of Pg were determined. While the structure of SKalpha(delta) is essentially the same as this domain in full-length SK, the mode of SK-Pg interaction was however different from a previously observed structure. Even though mutagenesis studies indicated that the current complex represents a minor interacting form in solution, the binding to SKalpha(delta) triggered similar conformational changes in the Pg active site in both crystal forms.
authors.affiliation: Crystallography Research Program and Protein Studies Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N E 13th Street,Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakeham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terzyan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: X C
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010958:Plasminogen; D004247:DNA; D013300:Streptokinase