title: Long-term followup and outcome of continent catheterizable vesicocstomy using the Rink modification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple techniques have been described to create a Mitrofanoff channel in the pediatric population. A small subset of patients only requires creation of a catheterizable channel without bladder augmentation. These patients are ideal candidates for a procedure that avoids the use of intestine, especially in the absence of a suitable appendix. We used a modification of the Casale vesicostomy, as described by Rink, to create a continent vesicostomy in these children. We report our long-term experience with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent continent vesicostomy at our institution between 1992 and 2000. Patient diagnosis, stomal site, associated bladder procedures, stomal continence, followup and complications associated with continent vesicostomy were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 31 patients who underwent continent vesicostomy, as described by Rink, 14 were female and 17 were male. Average age was 9 years (range 2.5 to 22). Primary diagnosis included neuropathic bladder in 15 cases, the prune-belly syndrome in 6, cloacal exstrophy/anomaly in 5 and other in 5. The stoma was placed in the lower abdomen in 17 patients, in the umbilicus in 7 and in a neoumbilicus in 7. Simultaneous procedures included ureteral reimplantation in 8 cases, bladder augmentation in 5, bladder neck surgery in 4 and reduction cystoplasty in 2. Mean followup was 41 months. All patients achieved excellent stomal continence. Complications included stomal stenosis requiring revision in 14 cases (45%). Stenosis developed in 60% of the patients with neuropathic bladder and in 86% with an umbilical stoma. Eventually 6 patients underwent conversion to an alternative catheterizable channel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continent vesicostomy can be performed successfully when there is any underlying bladder pathology with 100% stomal continence. Despite the higher rate of stomal problems with this type of Mitrofanoff channel we think that continent vesicostomy is a reasonable alternative in patients with a large bladder requiring only catheterizable channel creation. Because of the excellent results reported with the Monti-Yang technique, we would currently recommend this procedure over continent vesicostomy when bowel is used for bladder reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine and James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Yerkes
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaefer
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Casale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014547:Urinary Diversion