Reconsidering punitive and harsh discipline.
Corporal punishment and other harsh interventions continue to be widespread despite the fact that the leading theories or models of behavioral management do not support their effectiveness. There is overwhelming evidence that harsh interventions are damaging to children, both emotionally and physically. The effects of such trauma may be compounded when a child has preexisting learning difficulties. When schools respond to these challenges using harsh methods, children can be further traumatized. The authors review principles of childhood neurodevelopment, describe a model to understand children in context, and discuss how exposure to certain noxious sensory experiences can affect children's responses to threat or perceived threat. They also describe implications for school nurses.
Mohr
Wanda K
WK
College of Nursing at Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
Anderson
Jeffrey A
JA
D002648:Child; D002651:Child Advocacy; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D024802:Nurse's Role; D002666:Psychology, Child; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012573:School Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*