title: Vulvar carcinoma. The price of less radical surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine whether modifications in the treatment of patients with vulvar carcinoma influence the rates of recurrence and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1982 and 1997, 253 patients with T1 and T2 invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were treated by essentially the same team of gynecologic oncologists, and 168 patients (Group I) underwent radical vulvectomy with en bloc inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. Standard therapy was changed in 1993, and 85 patients (Group II) underwent wide local excision with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions. The rates of recurrence and survival were compared between both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group II, the overall recurrence rate (33.3%) within 4 years was increased compared with Group I (19.9%; P = 0.03). In Group II, 5 of 79 patients (6.3%) developed fatal groin or skin bridge recurrences compared with 2 of 159 patients (1.3%) in Group I (P = 0.029); this did not result in a difference in overall survival. In Group II, 40 of 79 patients had tumor free margins measuring <or= 8 mm, resulting in 9 local recurrences; whereas 39 of 79 patients had tumor free margins measuring > 8 mm, resulting in no local recurrences (P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study showed that fatal recurrences in either the groin or the skin bridge were more frequent after wide local excision and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions; however, probably due to lack of power, this did not result in shorter survival. In 40 of 79 patients, the histologic margins measured <or= 8 mm, resulting in a high risk of local recurrences. Therefore, the authors recommend obtaining surgical margins of 2 cm for the local treatment of patients with vulvar carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. j.a.de.hullu@og.azg.nl
authors.forename: Joanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: De Hullu
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hollema
authors.forename: Sietske
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lolkema
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boezen
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: Matthe P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Aalders
authors.forename: Marian J E
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mourits
authors.forename: Ate G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Van Der Zee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*