title: Age at menopause and prevalence of its different types in contemporary Greek women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to estimate the mean age at menopause and also characterize and quantify its types and frequencies in Greek women who have recently become postmenopausal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of hospital records was used to record the frequency of natural, spontaneous or induced premature, and delayed natural menopause; the mean age at menopause of each group; and their possible interrelationships with major events of reproductive history in 1,747 women visiting an endocrine clinic 1 to 5 years after menopause. A group of 438 postmenopausal women drawn from 4,000 cases from the nongynecological clinics of this hospital comprised the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Natural menopause was found in 1,333 (76.3%) women with a median age of 51 (95% CI, 50.8-51.2) and mean +/- SD of 48.7 +/- 3.8 years. Medically induced menopause after the age of 40 was recorded in 204 women (11.7%), spontaneous premature in 127 (7.1%), medically induced premature in 60 (3.7%), and delayed menopause in 26 (1.5%), with mean ages of 43.6 +/- 1.7, 35.1 +/- 3.3, 37.2 +/- 1.6, and 59.6 +/- 2.1 years, respectively. No significant differences in mean age at menopause or its types were noted between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations among the parameters examined could be demonstrated except between smoking and age at menopause in the spontaneous premature menopause subgroup (P < 0.05). Finally, ovarian autoantibodies were found in 6.7% of the tested women with premature menopause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Natural menopause occurred at a mean age of 48.7 years in Greek women, who displayed an unexpectedly high prevalence of spontaneous or induced premature cessation of menstruation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece. hel-soc-andro@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karamertzanis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: Eftichia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koukkou
authors.forename: Stamatina C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nicopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology*; D008594:Menopause, Premature / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology