Two-step dimerization for autoproteolysis to activate glycosylasparaginase.
Glycosylasparaginase (GA) is an amidase and belongs to a novel family of N-terminal nucleophile hydrolases that use a similar autoproteolytic processing mechanism to generate a mature/active enzyme from a single chain protein precursor. From bacteria to eukaryotes, GAs are conserved in primary sequences, tertiary structures, and activation of amidase activity by intramolecular autoproteolysis. An evolutionarily conserved His-Asp-Thr sequence is cleaved to generate a newly exposed N-terminal threonine, which plays a central role in both autoproteolysis and in its amidase activity. We have recently determined the crystal structure of the bacterial GA precursor at 1.9-A resolution, which reveals a highly distorted and energetically unfavorable conformation at the scissile peptide bond. A mechanism of autoproteolysis via an N-O acyl shift was proposed to relieve these conformational strains. However, it is not understood how the polypeptide chain distortion was generated and preserved during the folding of GA to trigger autoproteolysis. An obstacle to our understanding of GA autoproteolysis is the uncertainty concerning its quaternary structure in solution. Here we have revisited this question and show that GA forms dimers in solution. Mutants with alterations at the dimer interface cannot form dimers and are impaired in the autoproteolytic activation. This suggests that dimerization of GA plays an essential role in autoproteolysis to activate the amidase activity. Comparison of the melting temperatures of GA dimers before and after autoproteolysis suggests two states of dimerization in the process of enzyme maturation. A two-step dimerization mechanism to trigger autoproteolysis is proposed to accommodate the data presented here as well as those in the literature.
Wang
Yeming
Y
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2526, USA.
Guo
Hwai-Chen
HC
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001227:Aspartylglucosylaminase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008970:Molecular Weight; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013816:Thermodynamics
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D001227:Aspartylglucosylaminase; D005976:Glutaral