title: Radiation measurements on the Mir Orbital Station.
abstract: Radiation measurements made onboard the MIR Orbital Station have spanned nearly a decade and covered two solar cycles, including one of the largest solar particle events, one of the largest magnetic storms, and a mean solar radio flux level reaching 250 x 10(4) Jansky that has been observed in the last 40 years. The cosmonaut absorbed dose rates varied from about 450 microGy day-1 during solar minimum to approximately half this value during the last solar maximum. There is a factor of about two in dose rate within a given module, and a similar variation from module to module. The average radiation quality factor during solar minimum, using the ICRP-26 definition, was about 2.4. The drift of the South Atlantic Anomaly was measured to be 6.0 +/- 0.5 degrees W, and 1.6 +/- 0.5 degrees N. These measurements are of direct applicability to the International Space Station. This paper represents a comprehensive review of Mir Space Station radiation data available from a variety of sources.
authors.affiliation: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Badhwar
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beaujean
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D018480:Astronauts; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D018478:Extravehicular Activity; D006801:Humans; D009502:Neutrons; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D019445:Solar Activity; D013020:South America; D013026:Space Flight / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D018531:Spacecraft / Q000295:instrumentation; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D011522:Protons