title: Impact of vitamin and mineral supplement withdrawal and wheat middling inclusion on finishing pig growth performance, fecal mineral concentration, carcass characteristics, and the nutrient content and oxidative stability of pork.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine if supplement withdrawal (omission of dietary vitamin and trace mineral premixes and a two-thirds reduction in dietary inorganic phosphorus) for 28 d preslaughter and the feeding of wheat middlings (dietary concentrations of 5, 15, and 30% from weaning to 16, 16 to 28, and 28 kg to slaughter, respectively) affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal mineral concentrations ofthe pig, as well as the nutrient content and oxidative stability of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Crossbred pigs (n = 64) were blocked by weight and assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design (with or without supplement withdrawal, and with or without wheat middlings). Supplement withdrawal and wheat middling inclusion did not influence average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, gain/feed, or carcass traits, except for a decrease (P < 0.01) in the ADG of pigs from 28 to 65 kg when fed wheat middlings. Supplement withdrawal decreased (P < 0.01) fecal Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations. In diets containing full vitamin and mineral supplementation, wheat middling inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) fecal Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased (P < 0.01) fecal Mn. Supplement withdrawal decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of riboflavin, niacin, and P in the longissimus dorsi muscle, but did not affect longissimus dorsi thiamin, vitamin E, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca concentrations. Inclusion of wheat middlings increased (P < 0.04) longissimus dorsi thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin E concentrations and decreased (P < 0.04) Cu concentrations. However, wheat middling inclusion did not affect (P > 0.05) longissimus dorsi Ca, P, Fe, and Zn concentrations. Dietary treatment did not affect either Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activity in the longissimus dorsi. The results from this study indicate that supplement withdrawal and dietary wheat middling inclusion alter pork nutrient content and fecal mineral concentration, but not the oxidative stability of pork.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rozeboom
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Booren
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Link
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins