title: Temperature measurement on neurological pulse generators during MR scans.
abstract: According to manufacturers of both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, and implantable neurological pulse generators (IPGs), MRI is contraindicated for patients with IPGs. A major argument for this restriction is the risk to induce heat in the leads due to the electromagnetic field, which could be dangerous for the surrounding brain parenchyma. The temperature change on the surface of the case of an ITREL-III (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) and the lead tip during MRI was determined. An anatomical realistic and a cubic phantom, filled with phantom material mimicking human tissue, and a typical lead configuration were used to imitate a patient who carries an IPG for deep brain stimulation. The measurements were performed in a 1.5 T and a 3.0 T MRI. 2.1 degrees C temperature increases at the lead tip uncovered the lead tip as the most critical part concerning heating problems in IPGs. Temperature increases in other locations were low compared to the one at the lead tip. The measured temperature increase of 2.1 degrees C can not be considered as harmful to the patient. Comparison with the results of other studies revealed the avoidance of loops as a practical method to reduce heating during MRI procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mobile Communications Safety, ARC Seibersdorf Research, Austria. kainz@gmx.com
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kainz
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uberbacher
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alesch
authors.forename: Dulciana Dias
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000075202:Contraindications; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004559:Electric Wiring / Q000295:instrumentation; D004566:Electrodes; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D013821:Thermometers