title: The clinical significance of cytokeratin-positive cells in lymph nodes at the time of mastectomy from patients with ductal carcinoma-in-situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determined the presence or absence of and clinical significance of cytokeratin-positive cells in the lymph nodes of patients who had had mastectomies for ductal carcinoma-in-situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two pathologists independently assessed the axillary lymph nodes found. All patients had either a core or open biopsy performed before the time of mastectomy. The lymph nodes were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3. The slides were assessed for the presence or absence of epithelial cells. As a control, axillary lymph nodes found in prophylactic mastectomies were assessed. None of these had had a previous biopsy performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymph nodes from all patients demonstrated no obvious epithelial cells on hematoxylin and eosin stain. Peripheral sinuses of lymph nodes from six patients (23%) who had mastectomies for ductal carcinoma-in-situ contained a few cytokeratin-positive cells on immunohistochemistry. The lymph nodes of the control group demonstrated no cytokeratin-positive cells. The mean follow-up of patients was 5 years, and all patients were alive without recurrence at the time of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epithelial cells may be present in the lymph nodes draining a site of recent breast biopsy in the absence of invasive carcinoma, indicating that these are an artifact of recent surgery and not of micrometastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: The Canberra Hospital, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamhane
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dahlstrom
authors.forename: Dugald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: McCallum
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020958:Australian Capital Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D010784:Photomicrography; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins