title: In vitro and in situ evidence for the contribution of Labrasol and Gelucire 44/14 on transport of cephalexin and cefoperazone by rat intestine.
abstract: In vitro and in situ intestinal transport of beta-lactam antibiotics in the presence of two novel pharmaceutical excipients, caprylocaproyl and lauroyl macrogolglycerides (Labrasol and Gelucire 44/14), is described. The objective was to compare the effects of both macrogolglycerides on the intestinal transport of cephalexin, a substrate of oligopeptide transporters, and cefoperazone, a non-substrate of them. The in vitro transport studies were performed using a sheet of rat jejunum mounted in Ussing-type diffusion chambers. The in situ studies used an isolated internal loop model in the rat. Labrasol and Gelucire 44/14 were used as the excipients at low concentrations (0.01-0.5%, w/v). The membrane permeability of both drugs was compared by apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) determined from changes in the amount of permeation vs. time in in vitro studies and by apparent absorptive clearance (CL(app)) determined from changes in the steady state drug concentration of perfusate in in situ studies. The P(app) value of cephalexin increased with an increase in the concentration of Labrasol (0.05-0.5%) compared to the value without Labrasol. The enhancing effect of Labrasol on cephalexin transport was similarly observed in in situ studies, and when 0.5% Labrasol was used in the presence of glycyl-L-leucine or L-alanyl-L-alanine, 60 or 46% enhancement of the active transport of cephalexin by Labrasol was obtained. On the other hand, Gelucire 44/14 did not affect the P(app) and CL(app) of either drug. The different effects of the excipients on cephalexin transport were thought to be due to the influences of size parameters such as a polydispersity index and particle size, and the change in the short-circuit current of jejunum by the addition of the excipient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan. k-koga@hokuriku-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002438:Cefoperazone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005079:Excipients / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005989:Glycerides; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D005989:Glycerides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C440220:Labrasol; C104509:gelucire 44-14; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002438:Cefoperazone; D002506:Cephalexin