title: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon-mediated codelivery of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and CD40L results in augmented antitumor activity.
abstract: Development of effective antitumor immune responses depends on timely interactions of effector cells. A bimodal approach that involves coexpression of chemokines and costimulatory molecules within the tumor bed may elaborate a more optimal antitumor response. One candidate includes secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), which promotes the colocalization of naïve, nonpolarized memory T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) within lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. CD40L-mediated DC activation could induce maturation, enhance antigen presentation, and facilitate priming of the recruited naïve T cells. To this end, the antitumor activity of SLC and CD40L expressed singly or in combination using the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived amplicon was examined in two murine models: A20, a B-cell lymphoma, and CT-26, an adenocarcinoma. Administration of amplicons encoding SLC (HSV-SLC) into s.c. tumors established previously resulted in heavy infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and DCs, and the generation of cytolytic T-cell activity. Combined transduction of either tumor with HSV-SLC and HSV-CD40L resulted in a more enhanced antitumor activity that was CD8+ T cell-dependent than observed with either vector alone. mRNA expression of the Th1 markers IFN-gamma, perforin, and interleukin 12 was detectable only in transduced regressing tumors. In addition to identifying a potent antitumor immune strategy, we show that amplicon-mediated SLC and CD40L delivery may mimic lymph node conditions necessary for priming naïve T cells within the tumor bed, and demonstrate the importance of DC activation status on antigen presentation and cytokine expression for priming of newly recruited T cells.
authors.affiliation: James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. ktolba@mac.com
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tolba
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Housekneckt
authors.forename: Rita E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Federoff
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C515479:Ccl21c protein, mouse; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D023201:CD40 Ligand