title: Magnesium-enriched coronary sinus retroperfusion during acute coronary artery occlusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The protective effect of coronary sinus retroperfusion in cases of ischaemic myocardium is clearly known. It restores the blood flow to the ischaemic tissue, reduces the infarct size, and improves the left ventricular pump function.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the effects of coronary sinus retroperfusion with the addition of magnesium sulphate on myocardial haemodynamics. A total of sixteen animals were entered into the study and divided equally into four groups: group I, control group, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion only; group II, LAD artery occlusion and Mg SO infusion; group III, LAD occlusion and retrograde coronary sinus perfusion; and group IV, LAD occlusion, retrograde coronary sinus perfusion and Mg SO infusion.(4) (4)
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodynamic measurements were obtained throughout the study, at baseline, during the first and third hour of occlusion, and in the second, fourth and sixth hour of reperfusion. Although, the cardiac index was decreased in all groups, in the second hour of reperfusion it was significantly higher in groups III and IV compared to the control group. In the second hour of reperfusion cardiac index values were 56 +/- 5 and 63 +/- 6 ml/kg per min in groups III and IV respectively (P < 0.05) and as time passed this incremental change in groups III and IV became more apparent. In the fourth hour of reperfusion, group II showed significantly higher values than the control group. Group IV had higher values compared to group III at the fourth and sixth hours post-reperfusion. In general there were significant differences between groups II, III and IV at four and six hours post-reperfusion. The first derivative of pressure measured over time-the dP/dt value-was higher in groups III and IV compared to the control group in the first hour of occlusion (being 1650 +/- 55 and 1700 +/- 35 in groups III and IV respectively, and 1420 +/- 45 in the control group) and these differences continued throughout the occlusion and the reperfusion periods (P < 0.05). Group IV had the highest left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) values compared to the other groups in various pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measurements (P < 0.05). It was 0.78 g.m/kg at the 20 mmHg PCWP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium, if administered in an antegrade direction had only a limited effect, whereas magnesium-enriched retrograde coronary sinus perfusions appeared to significantly protect the ischaemic myocardium against the hazardous effects of ischaemic reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Türkiye Yüksek Ihtisas Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. uluss@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S Fehmi
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Katircioğlu
authors.forename: A Tulga
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ulus
authors.forename: Zülfikar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saritaş
authors.forename: Ayşen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksöyek
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tütün
authors.forename: Nusret
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Apaydin
authors.forename: Kamuran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pamuk
authors.forename: Eser
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozgencil
authors.forename: Bahattin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koç
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008278:Magnesium Sulfate