title: Predicting motor decline and disability in Parkinson disease: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical course of Parkinson disease (PD) varies from patient to patient. A number of studies investigating predictors of prognosis in patients with PD have been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize evidence on predicting the rate of motor decline and increasing disability in early PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  English-language and French-language literature cited in the MEDLINE database (1966-2002).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort and case-control studies investigating associations between clinical features and subsequent motor impairment or disability were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study methods and results were abstracted by a single reviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of 13 studies were summarized qualitatively. Study methods were highly variable, particularly regarding the choice of outcome measure. Baseline motor impairment and cognitive impairment are probable predictors of more rapid motor decline and disability. A lack of tremor at onset and older age both appear to be predictive of increasing disability, but conflicting results exist for their association with the rate of change of motor impairment. Family history of PD does not appear to be prognostically important. The prognostic value of many other factors studied is uncertain owing to conflicting or unconfirmed results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncertainty remains about the prognostic importance of many baseline clinical features in PD. Greater baseline impairment, early cognitive disturbance, older age, and lack of tremor at onset appear to be adverse prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology