title: Chronic intrauterine and fetal infection with Gardnerella vaginalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to develop a model of chronic intrauterine and fetal infection with Gardnerella vaginalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The uterine horns of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were inoculated on day 21 of gestation with either 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) of G vaginalis or saline solution. At necropsy, cultures were taken from blood, uterus, amniotic fluid, and fetal tissues. Amniotic fluid was assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by bioassay. Maternal and fetal tissue samples were evaluated using the histologic index score. A P value <.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with saline solution-inoculated animals, the G vaginalis group had significantly more positive cultures from uterus, amniotic fluid, and fetal brain and lung (P =.02 to <.01). For the G vaginalis group, mean TNF-alpha levels and fetal brain scores increased significantly over time (P <.001 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic intrauterine and fetal infection with G vaginalis is accompanied by progressive increases in amniotic fluid TNF-alpha concentrations and fetal brain histologic index scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics Kaiser Permanente, Denver, Colo, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McDuffie
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Chun-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shikes
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005333:Fetus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha