title: From passive subjects to equal partners: qualitative review of user involvement in research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Department of Health and UK funding bodies have suggested that clinical academics work closely with mental health service users in research projects. Although there are helpful guidelines on the issues that have to be dealt with, there have been few examples of how this partnership research might be undertaken.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate the challenges in joint research projects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We subjected the process of user involvement to ten questions which arose in the development of a joint research project. The answers are an amalgamation of the user and clinical researcher considerations and are affected by hindsight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The involvement of the user-researcher changed the focus of the study and its design and content. More attention was paid to the intervention itself and the way in which it was delivered. This process increased the amount of time taken to carry out and write up the project as well as incurring financial costs for user consultation payments and dissemination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experience has clarified the contribution that users can make, for example by raising new research questions, by ensuring interventions are kept 'user friendly', and the selection of outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Share in Maudsley Black Action, London, UK.
authors.forename: Premila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Til
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wykes
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010358:Patient Participation; D012107:Research Design; D006113:United Kingdom