title: Effect of alum treatment on the trihalomethane formation and bacterial regrowth potential of natural and synthetic waters.
abstract: Waters from five reservoirs and "synthetic waters", prepared using terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from vegetation and reservoir catchment soils, were studied for their treatability with alum using a jar test procedure. DOM in drinking water is a precursor for the formation of trihalomethanes (THM) following chlorine disinfection and can also be a substrate for microbial growth in the drinking water distribution system. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) represents an upper concentration limit on THMs formed by chlorination, while bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) is an indicator of the bioavailability of DOM. BRP and THMFP were measured before and after alum treatment and the results were related to the source of the DOM. It was found that freshly derived terrestrial DOM in synthetic water resulted in higher THMFP and BRP than DOM in reservoir waters. For the samples investigated, conventional alum treatment did not always reduce the THM precursor levels formed in laboratory tests below the NH&MRC (1996) guideline level of 250 microg/L nor produce microbially stable waters.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical, Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes. dpage@ecowise.com.au
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Spark
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drikas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria; D001682:Biological Availability; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012995:Solubility; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D022882:Trihalomethanes; C041524:aluminum sulfate