title: Protective effect of a novel and selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase on experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in WKY rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes. It has been reported that inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is upregulated in the glomeruli of patients with glomerulonephritis, although there has been no direct evidence that NO generated by iNOS contributes to the progression of glomerulonephritis. ONO-1714, a novel cyclic amidine analog, is a selective inhibitor of iNOS. To elucidate the role of iNOS in the pathogenesis of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis, we examined the effect of ONO-1714 given to rats with nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We induced NTS nephritis in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. These rats were given ONO-1714 or physiological saline intraperitoneally for 14 days using an osmotic pump after intraperitoneal injection with NTS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glomerular expression of iNOS and urinary excretion of NO metabolites (nitrite/nitrate) were increased in rats after injection of NTS. As compared with the control group, ONO-1714 significantly reduced proteinuria, crescent formation, glomerular infiltration of macrophages and urinary excretion of nitrite/nitrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that NO radicals generated by iNOS contribute to the progression of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis in WKY rats. The selective iNOS inhibitor ONO-1714 may be beneficial for the treatment of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shikata
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000201:enzymology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000652:urine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
chemical_list: C407360:7-chloro-3-imino-5-methyl-2-azabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane; D000578:Amidines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat