title: [Significance of COX-2, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nm23 expressions in gastric cancer and its behavior].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Molecular biological studies indicated that abnormal expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), and nm23 correlate with the development of gastric cancer, but the relationship between abnormal expression of above gene proteins and the biological behavior of gastric cancer was not yet clear. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 and the clinicopathological behavior in gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 were detected by using immunohistochemical(SP) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The overexpression rate of COX-2 in gastric cancer was 70.4% (50/71), and the overexpression of COX-2 was correlated to tumor size, gross morphology, histological type, lymph node metastases, and clinicopathological stage of gastric cancer (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01). (2) The overexpression rates of p53 and PCNA in 71 surgically removed specimens from the patients with gastric cancer were 74.6% and 78.9%, respectively. And the expressions of p53 (86.7%) and PCNA (88.8%) in gastric cancer patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without lymph node metastasis (53.8% and 61.5%) (both, P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, expressions of p53(52.2%) and PCNA(60.9%) in stage I + II patients were lower than those(85.4% and 87.5%) in stage III + IV (both, P < 0.05). (3) The low-expression of nm23 in gastric cancer was 71.8%, and its low-expression rate of nm23 in patients without lymph node metastasis(88.5%) and in stage I + II (91.3%) were much higher than those in the patients with lymph node metastasis (62.2%) and in stage III + IV (62.5%) (respectively, P < 0.05). (4) The differences of histological types, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage were significantly different(P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), between the patients with two or more genes expression of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 and those with less one gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that abnormal expressions of COX-2, p53, PCNA, and nm23 associate with malignant potential, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and they might therefore play a role in development of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China.
authors.forename: She-qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ya-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Shao-liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yong-fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C517938:NME1 protein, human; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins