title: Transformation of trichothecenes in ileal digesta and faeces from pigs.
abstract: The capacity of pig gastrointestinal microflora to metabolise the trichothecenes 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-acDON) and nivalenol (NIV) was investigated. 3-acDON was deacetylated to DON in anaerobic incubations with pig faeces collected at different pig farms. Furthermore, both 3-acDON and NIV were metabolised to the corresponding deepoxy metabolite in these incubates. Five pigs, in which the gastrointestinal microflora lacked the ability to transform 3-acDON and NIV to their corresponding de-epoxidated metabolites, were given low levels of DON in the feed for seven weeks. The gastrointestinal micro-organisms did not acquire the de-epoxidation ability during the seven week long exposure period. At the end of the exposure period, faeces from pigs with a known de-epoxidation ability was spread out in the pens and left for 24 hours. One week after the faeces had been spread out in the pens, the de-epoxidation ability was found in faecal incubations from four out of five experimental pigs. This change in metabolic ability of the intestinal de-epoxidation ability was not accompanied by any detectable changes in the DNA-profiles of the bacterial community composition. The results show that the intestinal de-epoxidation ability is common at pig farms in the Uppsala area, and that the ability may be transferred between pigs in a stock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 7024, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002845:Chromatography / Q000662:veterinary; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D007082:Ileum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D014255:Trichothecenes; C038405:nivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol