title: Occupational injuries among Boston bicycle messengers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urban bicycle couriers may have a high incidence of injuries. Most messengers work as contractors and hence their injuries are not well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  To quantify injury rates and severity among urban bicycle couriers a convenience sample of 113 couriers in the city of Boston completed a two-page self-administered survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most working couriers have suffered at least one injury resulting either in days lost from work (70%) and in visits to a health-care professional or hospital (55%). The annual incidence rate for injuries resulting in days away from work was 47/100-bike couriers. Bone fractures accounted for the most days lost from work, followed by dislocations, sprains, and strains. Collisions and avoiding collisions with motor vehicles, including being "doored," and collisions with pedestrians accounted for the majority (66%) of events leading to injury. Twenty-four percent of messengers reported wearing a helmet on a regular basis, and 32% have health insurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urban bicycle messengers are a poorly documented, largely unstudied workforce who suffer a very high rate of occupational injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jax@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Jack Tigh
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dennerlein
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population