title: Allopurinol and superoxide dismutase protect against leucocyte-endothelium interactions in a novel model of colonic ischaemia-reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leucocyte recruitment is a key feature in ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R)-triggered tissue injury. However, the mechanisms underlying leucocyte-endothelium interactions in the large bowel remain elusive because of a previous lack of models to examine the colonic microcirculation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel method for studying reperfusion-induced leucocyte-endothelium interactions in the colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 30 min in male C57/Bl6 mice and leucocyte responses were analysed in colonic venules after 30-240 min of reperfusion. Analysis of leucocyte rolling and adhesion in colonic venules was made possible by an inverted approach using intravital fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty minutes of ischaemia and 120 min of reperfusion induced the strongest and most reproducible increase in leucocyte rolling and adhesion. This was associated with a significant increase in colonic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Administration of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase reduced I/R-induced leucocyte responses in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with allopurinol attenuated the tissue content MDA in the colon by more than 60 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new method for examining I/R-induced leucocyte responses in the colonic microcirculation is described. Oxygen free radicals play an important role in triggering leucocyte rolling and adhesion in colonic venules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: M X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Menger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thorlacius
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000276:immunology; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D000493:Allopurinol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase