title: Patient comfort with combined anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral anesthesia versus retrobulbar anesthesia in trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess patient comfort using combined anterior sub-Tenon's, topical, and intracameral ("Blitz") anesthesia versus retrobulbar anesthesia in glaucoma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 139 consecutive patients who received retrobulbar anesthesia and 139 consecutive patients who received Blitz anesthesia during glaucoma surgery were evaluated in a prospective fashion. The retrobulbar group included 49 trabeculectomies, 36 aqueous shunts, and 54 phacotrabeculectomies. The Blitz group included 49 trabeculectomies, 30 aqueous shunts, and 60 phacotrabeculectomies. Patients were asked to assess their level of ocular pain operatively and postoperatively on a 10-point visual analog scale. The operative and postoperative pain scores and postoperative sedation of patients receiving retrobulbar anesthesia were compared with those of patients receiving Blitz anesthesia during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery, separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found in the mean operative or postoperative pain scores between the two groups during trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, or aqueous shunt surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blitz anesthesia offers a reasonable alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia for trabeculectomy, phacotrabeculectomy, and aqueous shunt surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Hospital and Clinics, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Sukesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kansal
authors.forename: Marlene R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moster
authors.forename: Marcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Courtland M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014130:Trabeculectomy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local