title: Ankle-brachial index and mortality in a cohort of questionnaire recorded leg pain on walking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI), premature death and the need for surgical treatment for lower limb ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty-three men and women, 50-89 years old, underwent a leg pain questionnaire and measurement of ABPI and was then followed for 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cause mortality, vascular procedures and major amputations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A low ABPI was independently associated with premature all cause mortality in the multiple regression analysis, carrying a relative risk of 3.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0-5.9) and 2.1 (1.3-3.3) for ABPIs <or=0.50 and 0.51-0.80, respectively, compared to those with ABPI >or=1.0. Individuals with an ABPI in the interval 0.81-0.99 suffered only a slight, not statistically significant risk increase compared to normals. A low ABPI at baseline implied a continuous constant increased risk of death throughout the study period. The same risk was observed among elderly (70-89, median 77 years), and in the middle aged (50-69, median 63 years) individuals. The vast majority of those subjected to vascular intervention or major amputation during follow-up had an ABPI<or=0.8 at baseline (83 and 89%, respectively). However, within that group, the individual ABPI was not predictive for surgical intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association found between an ABPI <or=0.8 and premature mortality in this cohort of symptomatic subjects implies that the ABPI is a powerful, independent predictor for premature death. The prognostic information carried by an ABPI in the interval 0.81-0.99 remains uncertain. Septuagenarians and octogenarians carry the same risk increase associated with a low ABPI as those in the middle ages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Anesthesia, Linköping Heart Center, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology