title: Dietary copper requirement of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and effects on non-specific immune responses.
abstract: An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary copper (Cu) requirement and its effect on the non-specific immune responses of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Purified diets with seven levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, 160 mg Cu kg diet(-1) of supplemental Cu were fed to P. monodon (mean initial weight 0.29 +/- 0.004 g). Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of shrimp. The rearing water contained 1.53 microg Cu 1(-1). Shrimp fed diets supplemented with 10 and 20 mg Cu kg diet(-1) had significantly (P < 0.01) greater weight gain, feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than those fed the unsupplemented control diet and diets supplemented with > or = 40 mg Cu kg diet(-1). Whole body Cu concentration in shrimp generally increased as dietary Cu supplementation increased. Total haemocyte count (THC) was higher in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 10-30 mg Cu kg diet(-1) than shrimp fed the unsupplemented control diet and diets supplemented with > or = 40 mg Cu kg diet(-1). Intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) production ratios were significantly higher in shrimp fed diets supplemented with 10-30 mg Cu kg diet(-1) than shrimp fed the diet supplemented with 160 mg Cu kg diet(-1). Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain percent, FE and by linear regression of the whole-body Cu retention of shrimp indicated that the adequate dietary Cu concentration in growing P. monodon is about 15-21 mg Cu kg diet (-1). The immune indicators suggest that an adequate dietary Cu concentration for non-specific immune responses in P. monodon is about 10-30 mg Cu kg diet(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, ROC.
authors.forename: Min-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shi-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shiau
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D003300:Copper