title: Effectiveness and safety of the angiotensin II antagonist irbesartan in children with chronic kidney diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies in adults with chronic kidney diseases demonstrate that the orally available angiotensin II antagonist irbesartan reduces arterial pressure and pathological proteinuria, mostly with an excellent tolerability profile. Little information is available on irbesartan in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 44 pediatric outpatients with chronic kidney disease (27 male and 17, aged 3.7 to 18 years, median 10 years) were given irbesartan once a day during 18 weeks for arterial hypertension (N = 23), proteinuria (N = 8), or both (N = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with hypertension, the use of irbesartan 4.1 (3.1-5.3) mg/kg body weight daily (median and interquartile range) was associated with a decrease (P <.005) in arterial pressure by 17 (13-22)/10 (7-12) mm Hg. In patients with overt proteinuria the urinary protein excretion decreased (P <.01) during treatment with irbesartan (2.9 [2.0-4.8] mg/kg body weight) by 52 (0-75) mg/[m(2) x h]), whereas plasma albumin increased (P <.05) by 4 (1-5) g/L. The frequency of abdominal pain, constipation, cough, diarrhea, dizziness, edema, fatigue, headache, insomnia, myalgia, orthostasis, and rash was similar before and with irbesartan. Plasma sodium slightly decreased, whereas plasma potassium increased, with irbesartan (P <.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pediatric patients with chronic kidney diseases, irbesartan given once a day for 18 weeks significantly reduces arterial pressure and proteinuria, with an excellent tolerability and side effect profile.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lorenzo M D
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Franscini
authors.forename: Rodo O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Von Vigier
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casaulta-Aebischer
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fossali
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077405:Irbesartan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000077405:Irbesartan