title: Usefulness of silver intensification of immunostaining for cytologic diagnosis of primary melanoma of the female genital organs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the procedure for diagnosing vaginal melanoma with cytopathologic analysis of HMB-45.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study examined silver intensification of immunostaining of HMB-45 in nine cases of primary melanoma of the vagina and vulva using archival Papanicolaou-stained smears.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All nine samples showed positive staining for HMB-45. Five cases showed intensive staining, two moderate and two weak. The positive staining was black in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells but was detected in neither the background nor normal squamous cells. Though destaining of Papanicolaou stain was not performed before immunostaining, the positivity of immunostaining was easily judged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After morphologic observation, immunocytochemical study of HMB-45 is possible even though time has passed since the cytologic specimen was obtained. When there is a suspicion of amelanotic melanoma or scantily pigmented melanoma of the vagina and vulva, cytogenesis with HMB-45 is helpful, especially because it involves little invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. tsaito@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018328:Melanoma, Amelanotic / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods*; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*