title: Real-time pulse oximetry artifact annotation on computerized anaesthetic records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adoption of computerised anaesthesia record keeping systems has been limited by the concern that they record artifactual data and accurate data indiscriminately. Data resulting from artifacts does not reflect the patient's true condition and presents a problem in later analysis of the record, with associated medico-legal implications. This study developed an algorithm to automatically annotate pulse oximetry artifacts and sought to evaluate the algorithm's accuracy in routine surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  MacAnaesthetist is a semi-automatic anaesthetic record keeping system developed for the Apple Macintosh computer, which incorporated an algorithm designed to automatically detect pulse oximetry artifacts. The algorithm labeled artifactual oxygen saturation values < 90%. This was done in real-time by analyzing physiological data captured from a Datex AS/3 Anaesthesia Monitor. An observational study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm during routine surgical procedures (n = 20). An anaesthetic record was made by an anaesthetist using the Datex AS/3 record keeper, while a second anaesthetic record was produced in parallel using MacAnaesthetist. A copy of the Datex AS/3 record was kept for later review by a group of anaesthetists (n = 20), who judged oxygen saturation values < 90% to be either genuine or artifact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MacAnaesthetist correctly labeled 12 out of 13 oxygen saturations < 90% (92.3% accuracy). A post-operative review of the Datex AS/3 anaesthetic records (n = 8) by twenty anaesthetists resulted in 127 correct responses out of total of 200 (63.5% accuracy). The remaining Datex AS/3 records (n = 12) were not reviewed, as they did not contain any oxygen saturations <90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The real-time artifact detection algorithm developed in this study was more accurate than anaesthetists who post-operatively reviewed records produced by an existing computerised anaesthesia record keeping system. Algorithms have the potential to more accurately identify and annotate artifacts on computerised anaesthetic records, assisting clinicians to more correctly interpret abnormal data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia. RichardGostt@gmx.net
authors.forename: Richard Karl
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gostt
authors.forename: Graeme Dennis
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rathbone
authors.forename: Adam Paul
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Tucker
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D010092:Oximetry