title: Adhesion molecule-dependent mechanisms regulate the rate of macrophage clearance during the resolution of peritoneal inflammation.
abstract: Macrophage clearance is essential for the resolution of inflammation. Much is known about how monocytes enter the inflammatory site but little is known about how resultant macro-phages are cleared. We have previously demonstrated that macrophage clearance from resolving peritonitis occurs by emigration into draining lymphatics rather than local apoptosis. We now examine mechanisms for this process, in particular by evaluating the hypothesis that modulation of adhesion interactions between macrophages and cells lining the lymphatics regulates the rate of macrophage clearance. We demonstrate in vivo that macrophages adhere specifically to mesothelium overlying draining lymphatics and that their emigration rate is regulated by the state of macrophage activation. We observed that macrophage-mesothelial adhesion is Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sensitive and partially mediated by very late antigen (VLA)-4 and VLA-5 but not alpha(v) or beta(2) integrins. Moreover, macrophage clearance into lymphatics can be blocked in vivo by RGD peptides and VLA-4 and VLA-5 but not beta(2) blocking antibodies. This is the first evidence that macrophage emigration from the inflamed site is controlled and demonstrates that this is exerted through specific adhesion molecule regulation of macrophage-mesothelial interactions. It highlights the importance of adhesion molecules governing entry of cells into the lymphatic circulation, thus opening a new avenue for manipulating the resolution of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Respiratory Research, Rayne Institute, University College London, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom. g.bellingan@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Geoffrey John
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bellingan
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cooksley
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cauldwell
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shock
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bottoms
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haslett
authors.forename: Steven Eugene
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mutsaers
authors.forename: Geoffrey John
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Laurent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1 / Q000502:physiology*; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000502:physiology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1