title: Depression induced by treatment with interferon-alpha in patients affected by hepatitis C virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies found a high incidence rate of neuro-psychiatric complications during long-term therapy with interferon alpha (IFNalpha), e.g. slowness, severe fatigue, hypersomnia, lethargy, depressed mood, mnemonic troubles, irritability, short temper, emotional lability, social withdrawal, and lack of concentration. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of depressed mood and major depression in patients who were treated with IFNalpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients, affected by chronic active C-hepatitis, have been evaluated at baseline and 3 months after IFNalpha treatment. The evaluation consisted of psychometric assessments employing the DSM-IV criteria and the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At end-point, 40.7% of the patients suffered from a full blown major depression, according to the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. IFNalpha treatment induced a significant increase in the MADRS score from baseline to 3 months later. The MADRS items which were significantly increased at end-point were: expressed and unexpressed sadness; irritability; insomnia; loss of appetite; and asthenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that prolonged IFNalpha treatment may induce depressive symptoms and major depression in a considerable number of subjects.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Hospital, University 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonaccorso
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ippoliti
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha