title: [Diabetes and pregnancy].
abstract: Pregnancies complicated with diabetes mellitus, either previously diagnosed, or appearing during pregnancy,  gestational diabetes , present an increased maternofetal risk. An additional risk of fetal malformations exists when diabetes is present before the beginning of pregnancy. Hyperglycemia plays a role in the occurrence of these complications but other factors, more or less identified, could also be implicated. Pregnancy may favor the occurrence or aggravation of diabetic retinopathy and/or nephropathy in patients with pre-existing diabetes. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes includes insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion, suggesting some commune aspects with type 2 diabetes. There is no international consensus about screening for gestational diabetes nor for diagnostic criteria. For gestational diabetes as in cases of pre-existing diabetes, treatment principles relay on dietetics and insulin. The improvement in medical care of pregnancies complicated by diabetes includes improvement in scientific knowledge and a specialized medical care of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne D, Hôpital Pasteur, 39, avenue de la Liberté, 68024 Colmar Cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derdour-Gury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perpetue
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jeandidier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinget
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose