title: Spinal compression due to atlantal vertebral malformation in two African lions (Panthera leo).
abstract: Two young (14-mo-old and 6-mo-old), unrelated, male African lions (Panthera leo) were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospitals of Oklahoma State University and Kansas State University with progressive ambulatory difficulty. In both cases, limited neurologic evaluation demonstrated pelvic limb paresis and ataxia with conscious proprioceptive deficits. Spinal imaging showed nearly identical lesions in both cases. Radiography and myelography demonstrated cervical stenosis secondary to atlantal (C1) malformation producing a dorsoventral deformity of the laminar arch with atlantoaxial spinal cord compression between the ventrally displaced laminar arch of the atlas and the underlying odontoid process of C2. Computed tomography of the atlanto-axial junction confirmed cervical stenosis and cord compression, showing flattening of the spinal cord between the laminar arch of C1 and the dens of C2. Decompressive surgery consisting of dorsal laminectomy of C1 was performed. Each lion demonstrated progressive improvement of neurologic status to recovery of normal ambulation after surgical intervention. Neurologic disease in large captive felids is rare; atlanto-axial spondylomyelopathy has not been reported previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Rob L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Coke
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Mary Anne G
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Radinsky
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Cornelia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ketz-Riley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000662:veterinary; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000662:veterinary; D005552:Forelimb / Q000002:abnormalities; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D008045:Lions / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009192:Myelography / Q000662:veterinary; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000662:veterinary; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary