title: Identification of PKCalpha isoform-specific effects in cardiac myocytes using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.
abstract: Members of the mammalian protein kinase C (PKC) superfamily play key regulatory roles in multiple cellular processes. In the heart, PKC signaling is involved in hypertrophic agonist-induced gene expression and hypertrophic growth. To investigate the specific function of PKC signaling in regulating cardiomyocyte growth, we used antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit PKC alpha, the major isozyme present in the neonatal heart. Transfection of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes with antisense PKCalpha oligonucleotides resulted in a marked reduction in both PKCalpha mRNA and protein levels. PKCalpha antisense treatment also reduced phenylephrine (PE)-induced PKC activity and perinuclear translocation of PKCalpha. Antisense inhibition of PKCalpha led to reduction of PE-induced increase in skeletal alpha-actin mRNA levels and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion but had no significant effects on PE-induced beta-myosin heavy chain, ANP, or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene expression. On the other hand, antisense PKCalpha treatment attenuated endothelin-1-induced increase in ANP and BNP peptide secretion, whereas endothelin-1-induced gene expression of ANP and BNP remained unchanged. The hypertrophic agonist-induced growth of cardiomyocytes, characterized by increased [(3)H]leucine incorporation, was not affected with antisense PKCalpha treatment. Furthermore, we found that PE-induced increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity was partially inhibited by antisense PKCalpha treatment, implicating ERK as a downstream mediator for PKCalpha signaling. These results indicate that PKCalpha isozyme is involved in hypertrophic signaling in cardiomyocytes and provide novel strategies for future studies to identify other cellular targets controlled selectively by PKCalpha or other PKC isozymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerkelä
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilves
authors.forename: Sampsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pikkarainen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokola
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ronkainen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vuolteenaho
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leppäluoto
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruskoaho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000517:prevention & control; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha