title: Diethylstilbestrol attenuates antioxidant activities in testis from male mice.
abstract: It has been reported that acute exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces apoptosis in the testis, and antioxidants play a role in preventing DES-induced tissue damage. In this study, the effect of chronic exposure to DES on the antioxidants was examined in the testis and liver. Eight-week old male ICR mice were treated subcutaneously with various doses of DES for 20 days. Morphologically apparent apoptotic changes, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-positive cells and TUNEL-positive DNA-fragmentation, were demonstrated in the testis, but were minimal in the liver. Activities of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) peroxidase and GSH S-transferase decreased in both the liver and testis. The activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased in the liver but increased in the testis. The activity of Cu, Zn-SOD decreased in the liver but was unchanged in the testis. On Western and Northern blots, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), a rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis, was increased in the liver dependent on the dose of DES. However, the expression of gamma-GCS was reduced in the testis. Since quinones, metabolites of DES, generate reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, antioxidants are important to prevent the damage. The data suggest that antioxidant activities are impaired by DES, and the levels of GSH are related to DES-induced apoptosis in the testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Disease, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. kondo@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Yoshishige
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione