title: Forces, fishes, and fluids: hydrodynamic mechanisms of aquatic locomotion.
abstract: Understanding how fishes generate external fluid force to swim steadily and maneuver has proven to be difficult because water does not provide a stable platform for force measurement. But new methods in experimental fluid mechanics provide insights into the physiological mechanisms of aquatic force generation and limits to locomotor performance.
authors.affiliation: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Lauder
authors.forename: Eliot G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Drucker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water