title: Clinicopathologic features of gastric cancers producing alpha-fetoprotein.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with gastric cancers producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were reported to have a poor prognosis with high rates of liver metastasis. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of AFP-producing gastric cancers, in particular characteristics of liver metastasis, and to evaluate treatment of these cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 27 of the 29 cases with elevated preoperative serum AFP levels among a total of 974 primary gastric cancers, AFP production was confirmed in gastric cancer cells by immunohistochemistry. These cases were included in the AFP-positive gastric cancer group (AFP(+), 2.7%). The remaining 945 cases with normal serum AFP levels were designated the AFP-negative gastric cancer group (AFP(-)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, a deeper invasion of the gastric wall, a higher frequency of advanced stage, a more marked lymphatic invasion and a higher rate of liver metastasis in the AFP(+) group than in the AFP(-) group. The patients received curative resection in AFP(+) group had a significantly worse survival rates in comparison to that in AFP(-) group. With respect to liver metastasis (n = 17) in AFP(+) group, of 3 cases who received curative hepatic resection, 1 patient survived more than 3 years, while the remaining 2 died in less than 3 years due to multiple liver recurrence. The patients (n = 5) who received palliative resection for liver metastasis followed by transarterial continuous infusion chemotherapy all died in less than 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AFP-producing gastric cancers had aggressive behavior and their clinical or biological features were quite different from the common AFP-negative gastric cancers. Surgical resection of liver metastasis from AFP-producing gastric cancers was unsatisfactory. The development of a novel multimodal therapy against AFP-producing gastric cancers is needed.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan. kojikono@res.yamanashi-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins