title: Effects of raw garlic on physical performance and learning behaviour in rats.
abstract: The effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) on physical performance and learning behaviour were evaluated in male rats (7-8 months old, weighing 250-400 g) by comparison with the effects of pentoxifylline, a haemorheological agent with antiplatelet activity. The tests were designated as experiment A and experiment B, both conducted in two consecutive 4-week sessions. In experiment A, the rats performed in a learning maze model during the first 4 weeks then followed by moving along the rope model for another 4 weeks. In experiment B, the rats were first tested in a rotarod treadmill for 4 weeks and then a step down test model for another 4 weeks. Each experiment consisted of four groups with 6-8 rats per group. Aqueous garlic homogenate at doses of 1 and 2 g (of raw garlic)/kg/day were given orally to group 1 and group 2, respectively, while pentoxifylline dispersion at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day was given to group 3. Group 4 served as the control group and was given water. All tests (maze model, rope model, rotarod model and step down model) were performed three times a week. The number of successful tasks and the acquisition time in 1 week intervals were used for the statistical analysis. The present results demonstrated that neither aqueous garlic homogenate at both doses nor pentoxifylline exhibited any benefit in the maze model or the rotarod model. Garlic only at the lower dose and pentoxifylline however, showed benefit in the rope model and step down model. These findings may provide some evidence to support the beneficial effect of long-term garlic consumption on physical performance and learning behaviour in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nongluck
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sookvanichsilp
authors.forename: Chongkol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiangda
authors.forename: Pirin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuennan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005737:Garlic; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010431:Pentoxifylline