title: The COX-2 inhibitors: new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: Selective COX-2 inhibitors offer a therapeutic alternative to the conventional nonselective NSAIDs. Rofecoxib has been demonstrated to be a valuable therapeutic agent in the management of acute orofacial pain. Selective COX-2 inhibitors are also indicated in patients who are likely to undergo surgery or invasive procedures in the near future because these drugs do not prolong the bleeding time. The efficacy of these drugs in the management of chronic orofacial pain is yet to be evaluated. The pharmacoeconomic impact of COX-2 inhibitors must also be considered, as the cost of selective COX-2 inhibitors is considerably higher than the other commonly used NSAIDs. Although it is clear that COX-2 inhibitors offer some advantages over the nonselective NSAIDs in terms of a lower risk of GI toxicity with long-term use, the effects following short-term use are still unclear. Until more data are available, COX-2 inhibitors should be avoided or used with the same caution as for conventional NSAIDs in patients with compromised renal and cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Asma A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dionne
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D016527:Drug Costs; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D013450:Sulfones
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007783:Lactones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases