title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the available susceptibility data of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolates from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) published in peer-reviewed journals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a meta-analysis, studies published between 1966 and 2001 were included. Publication sites include Medline-indexed and non-indexed. Numbers of grown and resistant isolates were tabulated for first-line anti-tuberculosis agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies met the pre-set criteria. Data on 6,316 isolates between 1979 and 2000 were available. Resistance to at least one agent of the first-line anti-tuberculosis agents was 18.4%. Monoresistance to a single first-line agent was found in 10.9%, while polyresistance was noted in 7.6%. Multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis was noted in 5.7% of all isolates. Resistance to isoniazid was most common noted in 11% of isolates. Resistance rates to other agents were: rifampin 9.7%, streptomycin 9.1%, pyrazinamide 3.1%, and ethambutol 2.5%. The overall resistance rate to at least one agent was not statistically different in isolates grown between 1979-1991 (18.5%) and 1989-2000 (18.3%). There were large regional variations and higher resistance rates in the Western and Southern regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance rates to first-line antituberculosis agents and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis are high in KSA. A survey and monitoring program for drug-resistant tuberculosis will determine resistance rates at the community level.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hosptial and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. rajhi@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Abdulrahman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alrajhi
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Barrak
mesh_terms: D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012529:Saudi Arabia