title: Intravenous iloprost increases mesenteric blood flow in experimental acute nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of an intravenously administered synthetic epoprostenol analog, iloprost, in nonocclusive acute mesenteric ischemia induced by cardiac tamponade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal research laboratory at a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten Yorkshire pigs (weight range, 20-25 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonocclusive acute mesenteric ischemia was induced by pericardial tamponade. Pigs were randomized to receive either a low-dose, continuous intravenous infusion of iloprost (0.075 microg/kg/min) or an equivalent volume of normal saline to serve as the control. Infusion of iloprost or saline was continued after pericardial tamponade was reversed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten anesthetized and ventilated pigs underwent laparotomy and thoracotomy. A pulmonary artery catheter was inserted, a magnetic flow probe was positioned around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and cannulation of the pericardial space was performed. Pericardial tamponade was induced by injecting 5% dextrose in water into the pericardial space until blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery decreased to half of baseline. After 60 mins, animals received either a continuous intravenous infusion of iloprost at 0.075 microg/kg/min (n = 6) or an equal volume of normal saline (n = 4) for 60 mins. Pericardial fluid was then removed, and iloprost or normal saline infusion was continued for another 60 mins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, SMA blood flow, ileal Pco2, ileal intramucosal pH, and serum lactate levels of mixed venous blood and mesenteric venous blood were recorded at baseline, after pericardial tamponade was induced, during the iloprost or normal saline infusion with pericardial tamponade, and after removal of pericardial fluid (reperfusion period).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iloprost infusion increased SMA blood flow by 60% in this model of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (from 168 +/- 41 to 269 +/- 76 mL/min; p <.05). The effect of iloprost infusion was more prominent after the tamponade (422 +/- 87 mL/min in the iloprost group vs. 232 +/- 111 mL/min in the control group; p <.05). Increased mesenteric perfusion decreased intestinal mucosal hypercarbia, leading to improvement of intramucosal pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, City University of New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manasia
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajamani
authors.forename: Sri-Sujanthy
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rajaram
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.forename: Yongzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oropello
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000150:complications*; D016285:Iloprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016285:Iloprost