title: Effect of surgical trauma on epithelial cell adhesion molecule (GA-733) vaccine-induced tumor resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical trauma inhibits immune function. Our goal was to study the effect of surgical intervention on the development of the immune response to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM [GA-733]), a tumor-associated protein used for vaccination in colon cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant GA-733 and monophosphoryl-lipid A (MPLA) were incorporated into biodegradable beads and implanted in the following groups of mice: control, insufflation, and laparotomy. After surgery, the mice were inoculated with GA-733-transfected C26 cells (C26-EpCAM). Plasma anti-GA733 IgG antibodies were detected in enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Killing specific to GA-733 was assayed by C26-EpCAM-killing assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in tumor size between immunized and nonimmunized animals was statistically significant only in control mice (p < 0.05). Greater cytotoxic response to C26-GA733 developed in all immunized mice groups than in their respective controls. However, anti-GA733 IgG increased significantly in the control and insufflation groups, but not in the laparotomy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined GA-733 vaccine allows reduction of tumor growth in control but not in surgically managed animals. This vaccine can induce a specific-cell and antibody-mediated immune response. Open surgery leads to a decreased antibody response to the GA-733 tumor vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, BB1716, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. ik139@columbia.edu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kirman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maydelman
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asi
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Whelan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007327:Insufflation; D007813:Laparotomy; D008050:Lipid A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D008050:Lipid A; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C048436:monophosphoryl lipid A