title: The role of bone in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and confirm the histological inflammatory changes that occur in bone and in the overlying mucosa in experimentally induced chronic rhinosinusitis and to evaluate differences in the inflammatory patterns that may occur with different organisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histological study of induced maxillary rhinosinusitis in 29 New Zealand White rabbits (15 with, 14 with ) 7 to 9 weeks after infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following maxillary sinus ostial infection, unilateral chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis was induced in 29 New Zealand White Rabbits, using (n = 15) and (n = 14). The pathogenic organism was confirmed by culture, and the rabbits were sacrificed at predetermined time intervals (7, 8, and 9 wk) from the time of infection. Following harvest, en bloc sinus sections were mounted, stained, and analyzed. Specific attention was given to identifying histological changes in paranasal sinus bones on both sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals (29 of 29) demonstrated histological evidence of operative occlusion on the side of the original inoculum, and all were culture-positive for the inoculated organism at death. Histological evidence of chronic rhinosinusitis in the inoculated sinus was demonstrated in 86% of animals (25 of 29). Evidence of chronic osteomyelitis in the noninfected side was seen in 15 of 29 animals (52%) overall, or 9 of 15 animals (60%) infected with pseudomonas and 6 of 14 (43%) animals infected with staphylococcus organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides further evidence that bacterial rhinosinusitis can involve bone at a distance from the site of primary infection, thereby suggesting that infectious agents may spread through bony structures in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Ayesha N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Perloff
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000473:pathology