title: Natural course of gestational diabetes mellitus: long term follow up of women in the SPAWN study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long term follow up women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic obesity unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women earlier identified as having gestational diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight women diagnosed with GDM in 1984-1985, and a control group (n = 52) who gave birth at the same time performed a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test 15 years later. Basic anthropometry and questions about various aspects of eating and exercise habits were furthermore obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten women (35%) in the GDM group were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and none in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean BMI in the diabetic group was 27.4 kg/m2 and in the non-diabetic GDM group 24.6 kg/m2 (P < 0.05). The mean weight gain since the first child was 8A kg in all GDM versus 8.1 kg in controls (ns). The women who developed type 2 diabetes mellitus, however, gained 15.1 kg since the birth of their first child (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who are diagnosed with GDM have a considerably higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Despite a close medical monitoring during pregnancy, the further follow up within the health care system and information about long term consequences of GDM for later type 2 diabetes mellitus development seems to be generally lacking. More active strategies for future weight control and lifestyle advice after delivery might therefore be indicated for women with GDM.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Unit, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Linné
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barkeling
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain