title: Apoptosis of thymocytes related to cytokine expression in experimental classical swine fever.
abstract: Atrophy of the thymic cortex and loss of thymocytes were studied in 32 pigs inoculated with the virulent strain "Alfort" of classical swine fever (CSF) virus and killed at intervals from 2 to 15 days after infection. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, ELISA and TUNEL methods were used. The results suggested that direct action of CSF virus on thymocytes played no more than a minor role. The massive lymphoid depletion observed in the thymus, may, however, have been associated with the numerical increase in monocytes-macrophages in this organ, and their secretory activation, leading to synthesis and release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha and C1q complement component as main chemical mediators, and IL-1beta and IL-6 as minor mediators. These cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha) may have played a role in the apoptosis of thymocytes, demonstrated by TUNEL and ultrastructural methods. The pathogenetic mechanism outlined may contribute to the lymphoid depletion observed in others organs in CSF and may explain the lymphopenia characteristic of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Carretera de Madrid, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Cordón
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romanini
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Salguero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jover
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gómez-Villamos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000662:veterinary; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines