title: Reduced bone formation in UK Gulf War veterans: a bone histomorphometric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gulf War veterans report a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The aim of this study was to establish whether there were abnormalities in bone turnover and remodelling in a group of symptomatic subjects who had served in the Gulf War.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained from 17 Gulf War veterans who were seeking litigation and compared with those of 13 age and sex matched healthy controls. Bone histomorphometry was performed using image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancellous bone area was significantly lower in Gulf War veterans than in control subjects (p = 0.027) and this was associated with a significantly reduced mineral apposition rate (p = 0.002), mean wall width (p < 0.0001), and bone formation rate at the tissue level (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that in this group of Gulf War veterans there was a significant reduction in bone formation at both the cellular and tissue level and this was associated with a reduction in cancellous bone area. The cause of these abnormalities is unknown but might be related to potentially harmful exposures during service in the Gulf War or to changes in life style as a result of chronic ill health. The clinical relevance of the observed reduction in bone formation remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. jec1001@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Compston
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vedi
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Stephen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bord
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Scammell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D010012:Osteogenesis; D018923:Persian Gulf Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants