title: Rapid modulation of GABA in sensorimotor cortex induced by acute deafferentation.
abstract: Recovery of function after acute injury to the central nervous system may be controlled by the availability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex. Acute lesions as well as manipulation of sensory inputs can lead to rapid reorganization of the cerebral cortex, occurring within minutes to hours. Reduction of cortical inhibitory tone through a decrease in the availability of GABA has been suggested as a possible mechanism; however, the degree and temporal course of the changes in brain GABA are not known. A novel method using two-dimensional J-resolved magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that GABA levels in the human sensorimotor cortex are quickly reduced within minutes of deafferentation. This finding strongly supports the view that the release of latent corticocortical projections from tonic inhibition through decreased GABA availability is a mechanism of rapid cortical plasticity. Reduction of brain GABA can play a pivotal role in regulating the extent of rapid cortical reorganization after lesions or changes in sensory input.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, 5D20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. levy@codon.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lucien M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ziemann
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Leonardo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid