Endogenous inhibitors of HIV: potent anti-HIV activity of leukemia inhibitory factor.
The correlates of protective immunity in HIV-1 infection include the endogenous production of compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity. These compounds can be produced independently of specific humoral or cellular immune responses. A model of compartmental inhibition of HIV-1 infection is the placenta, an organ that prevents transmission of HIV-1 to the fetus in the majority of HIV-1 pregnancies. Studies of this organ elucidated new compounds and mechanisms for prevention and treatment of HIV including the potent inhibitor of HIV-1, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Besides coordinating the humoral and cellular immune responses, cytokines such as IFN-gamma exhibit intrinsic antiviral activity that represents the first line of defense against pathogens prior to the development of a specific immune response. The study of antiviral factors is particularly important in HIV/AIDS because of the direct destruction of the immune system by HIV-1. In this report, we focus on the identification and mechanism of endogenously produced anti-HIV factors and the overall function of these factors in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Patterson
Bruce K
BK
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Memorial Hospital/Northwestern University Medical School, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. bpatterson@childrensmemorial.org
Tjernlund
Annelie
A
Andersson
Jan
J
D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D018925:Chemokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; D053613:Janus Kinase 1