title: The inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia: focus on cytokines in stroke patients.
abstract: This paper outlines the characteristics of the inflammatory reaction to brain ischemia with the aim of underlying its relevance and specific implication in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The attention is focused on cytokines, major inflammatory mediators produced in the central nervous system and in the periphery in the context of the response to brain injury. The available data on cytokines in patients with stroke are reviewed to investigate the characteristics of the inflammatory response in human samples and to elucidate if the production of these inflammatory molecules may be related to the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy. desimoni@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Simoni
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milia
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Luigi
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parnetti
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gallai
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators