title: Sterilization of instruments in solar ovens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sterilization of instruments in rural health clinics in less developed countries is an increasing problem as chemical methods can no longer be recommended and fuel wood is becoming increasingly scarce. It seems obvious, therefore, to utilize solar energy for sterilization purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A solar oven was designed and manufactured using local materials and simple tools. It was tested by physical, chemical and microbiological methods and, after successful testing, installed in a rural clinic. The oven was able to generate temperatures above 180 degrees C. On days with direct sunlight the oven fulfilled the international recommendations for hot air sterilization. The chemical indicators, Browne's tubes type 3 and 5, also changed colour. It was difficult to reach the right value for the sterilization effect during months with a low sun position. A moveable oven, or two ovens, must be installed to solve this problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The solar oven has proven to be a realistic method for the sterilization of instruments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The solar oven is easy to make and use. It saves fuel and can be used in most tropical areas.
authors.affiliation: Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Odense Technical College, Odense, Denmark. solarinnovation@sol.dk
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nøhr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boisen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nøhr
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D019035:Rural Health Services; D012993:Solar Energy; D013242:Sterilization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013525:Surgical Instruments