title: Cariostatic effect of fluoride-containing restorative systems associated with dentifrices on root dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the interaction between two sources of fluoride (restorative systems and dentifrices) in inhibiting artificial root caries development.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty tooth segments were embedded in polyester resin, and sanded flat. Cylindrical cavities 1.0mm-deep and 1.5mm-diameter were prepared in root dentin and randomly restored by fluoride-containing restorative systems: Ketac-fil/Espe (Ke), Fuji II LC/GC Corp (Fj), F2000/3M (F2), Surefil/Dentsply (Su) or a control: Filtek Z250/3M (Z2). Ten experimental groups were made to test the association among the five restorative systems and two dentifrices: with F(-) (Sensodyne Baking Soda) or without F(-) (Sensodyne Original) (n=18). After surface polishing, a 1mm-wide margin around the restorations was demarcated and initial dentin surface Knoop microhardness values (KHN(i)) were obtained. The specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling model, and to applications of slurries of dentifrice. Afterwards the final dentin surface Knoop microhardness values (KHN(f)) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between KHN(i) and KHN(f), and the covariate KHN(i) were considered by the ANCOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). The interaction between restorative system and dentifrice was statistically significant (p=0.0026). All restorative systems provided some protection against artificial caries challenge when associated with the fluoride-containing dentifrice treatment. The means (standard deviation) of reductions in Knoop hardness values for systems associated with the fluoride-containing dentifrice were: Ke: 40.0(1.02)(a), Fj: 41.9(1.02)(b), F2: 43.3(1.04)(c), Su: 43.5(1.00)(c), Z2: 44.0(1.02)(c); and with the non-fluoride-containing dentifrice were: Ke: 42.9(1.02)(a), Fj: 44.7(1.01)(b), F2: 45.2(1.09)(bc), Su: 46.0(0.99)(c), Z2: 46.6(0.99)(c) (statistical differences were expressed by different letters).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cariostatic effect shown by the fluoride-containing dentifrice could enhance that shown by Ketac-fil and Fuji II LC, and could mask that shown by F2000.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Takeo
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Cláudia Silami de
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Mônica Campos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Antonio Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D017213:Root Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; C118368:F2000 cement; C444701:Filtek Z250; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C097427:Sensodyne; C403464:SureFil packable composite; C040964:Ketac-Fil; D005459:Fluorides