title: Human milk improves cognitive and motor development of premature infants during infancy.
abstract: Thirty-nine premature infants, 29 of whom received human milk (HMG) and 10 of whom received formula only (FG), were enrolled in a study examining the effect of human milk on cognitive and motor development. Infants were assessed at 3, 7, and 12 months corrected ages; the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was administered to their mothers. HMG infants had higher motor scores than FG infants at 3 months (48 +/- 20 vs 35 +/- 12, P = .05) and 12 months (63 +/- 20 vs 46 +/- 15, P < .05) and higher cognitive scores at 12 months corrected age (101 +/- 11 vs 90 +/- 9, P < .05). HMG infants had higher scores (motor R2 = 0.2, cognitive R2 = 0.3; P < .05) adjusting for oxygen requirement and maternal vocabulary score. Human milk is associated with improved development of premature infants at 3 and 12 months corrected age in this sample.
authors.affiliation: Brown University School of Medicine, Child Development Center of Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA.
authors.forename: Jo-Ann Blaymore
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Betty R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Vohr
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors