title: Downregulation of nNOS and synthesis of PGs associated with endotoxin-induced delay in gastric emptying.
abstract: A single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (40 microg/kg) significantly delayed gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal. Blockade of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with 30 mg/kg ip N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or 20 mg/kg ip 7-nitroindazole [neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor] significantly delayed gastric emptying in control animals but failed to modify gastric emptying in endotoxin-treated rats. Administration of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg ip N(6)-iminoethyl-L-lysine [inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor] had no effect in either experimental group. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg sc), NS-398 (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor; 10 mg/kg ip), and dexamethasone (10 mg/kg sc) but not quinacrine (20 mg/kg ip) significantly prevented delay in gastric emptying induced by endotoxin but failed to modify gastric emptying in vehicle-treated animals. Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity in the antrum pylorus of the stomach was diminished by endotoxin, whereas Ca(2+)-independent NOS activity was not changed. In addition, decreased nNOS mRNA and protein were observed in the antrum pylorus of endotoxin-treated rats. Our results suggest that downregulation of nNOS in the antrum pylorus of the stomach and synthesis of prostaglandins mediate the delay in gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal induced by endotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Mixta de Investigación, Hospital Clínico/Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calatayud
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Zaragozá
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felipo
authors.forename: Juan Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Esplugues
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barrachina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005502:Food; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000201:enzymology; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D010741:Phospholipases A; D011796:Quinacrine; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin