title: Serious adverse vascular events associated with perioperative interruption of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antithrombotic medications may increase perioperative bleeding during cutaneous surgery. Whether to discontinue these medications before surgery is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the available evidence in order to generate preliminary guidelines regarding the perioperative use of antithrombotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presentation of two cases of adverse events after preoperative discontinuation of antithrombotics, review of current anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, and review of the literature concerning perioperative antithrombotics in cutaneous surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative withholding of antithrombotics in cutaneous surgery may be associated with serious adverse vascular events. Continuing antithrombotics in these circumstances does not appear to significantly increase bleeding complications. The complexity of available antithrombotics makes case-by-case determinations regarding their use difficult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cutaneous surgeons should strongly consider perioperative continuation of patients' antithrombotic drugs. The final determination should be made by the surgeon after evaluation of the circumstances and, if necessary, consultation with other experts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. murad@alam.com
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin; C093450:ardeparin