title: Percutaneous nonvascular splenic intervention: a 10-year review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed a retrospective review of our experiences with percutaneous splenic interventions to evaluate the safety and usefulness of these procedures. We examined both the success rate and the complication rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used our electronic database to perform a retrospective analysis of patients treated from January 1990 to December 2000. Thirty-nine imaging-guided percutaneous splenic procedures were performed in 38 patients: 27 men and 11 women who ranged in age from 17 to 83 years (mean age, 56.5 years). For 28 procedures, sonographic guidance was used, and for 11, CT guidance was used. Procedures performed included splenic biopsy (n = 24), fluid aspiration (n = 8), and fluid drainage (n = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Splenic biopsy was successful in 91% of the procedures; fluid aspiration, in 100%; and fluid drainage, in 86%. The overall complication rate was 10.3%, with three patients requiring emergency splenectomy as a result of massive bleeding after the procedure. Two of these patients had previously unrecognized vascular tumors, and one had concomitant refractory thrombocytopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that splenic biopsy can be performed safely and is of considerable value in diagnosis. Our findings also show that percutaneous catheter drainage of splenic abscesses is successful and that splenectomy should be reserved for failed percutaneous drainage. The complications that occur after procedures on vascular tumors emphasize the importance of requiring normal coagulation parameters before the procedure because the vascular nature of the lesion may be difficult to recognize on imaging before the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, White 270, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lucey
authors.forename: Giles W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology*; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional