Bmp, Fgf and Wnt signalling in programmed cell death and chondrogenesis during vertebrate limb development: the role of Dickkopf-1.
Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) is a potent head inducer in Xenopus. This effect can be attributed to its capability to specifically inhibit Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. Recent data point to a crucial role for Dkk-1 in the control of programmed cell death during vertebrate limb development. In this paper, we present a comparative expression analysis of Dkk-1, Bmp-4 and Sox-9 as well as data on the regulation of Dkk-1 by Wnt. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge of its potential function in the developing limb and present a model how the interplay of the Bmp, Fgf and Wnt signalling pathways might differentially regulate programmed cell death versus chondrogenic differentiation in limb mesodermal cells.
Grotewold
Lars
L
Institut für Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Tiere (EMT), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Rüther
Ulrich
U
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology*; D004627:Embryonic Induction / Q000502:physiology; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018878:Limb Buds; D051379:Mice; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C501127:Dkk1 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C525812:bmp4 protein, Xenopus; C525813:bmp4 protein, zebrafish; C501128:dkk1b protein, zebrafish; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors