title: Tolerability of long-term treatment with lercanidipine versus amlodipine and lacidipine in elderly hypertensives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irrespective of their clinical relevance, side effects cannot be considered a negligible problem in antihypertensive therapy. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the tolerability profile of lercanidipine with that of two other calcium antagonists (amlodipine and lacidipine) in elderly hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, double-blind, parallel study 828 elderly (aged > or =60 years) hypertensives were randomized to lercanidipine 10 mg/day (n = 420), amlodipine 5 mg/day (n = 200), or lacidipine 2 mg/day (n = 208) (ratio 2:1:1). If blood pressure (BP) control was unsatisfactory (systolic BP/diastolic BP > or =140/90 mm Hg), the dose of the double-blind medication was doubled and, as a further step, enalapril or atenolol (plus diuretic, if needed) was added. Patients were treated for an average of 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amlodipine patients had significantly (P <.001) higher rates of edema (19%) and of early study discontinuations due to edema (8.5%) compared with lercanidipine (9% and 2.1%) and lacidipine patients (4% and 1.4%). Similarly, edema-related symptoms (lower limb swelling and heaviness) occurred significantly (P <.01) more often with amlodipine (50% and 45%, respectively) than with lercanidipine (35% and 33%) and lacidipine (34% and 31%). Most edema cases occurred in the first 6 months, a between-treatment difference being evident since beginning of treatment. Other drug-related adverse events did not differ between treatments. Blood pressure was equally and effectively reduced in the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two lipophilic dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, lercanidipine and lacidipine, have an antihypertensive effect comparable to that of amlodipine, but a better tolerability profile.
authors.affiliation: St. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gastone
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: Achille Cesare
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pessina
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rappelli
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trimarco
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanchetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D017311:Amlodipine; C060285:lacidipine; C060343:lercanidipine