title: The effect of cerium (III) on the chlorophyll formation in spinach.
abstract: The effect of Ce(3+) on the chlorophyll (chl) of spinach was studied in pot culture experiments. The results showed that Ce(3+) could obviously stimulate the growth of spinach and increase its chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate. It could also improve the PSII formation and enhance its electron transport rate of PSII as well. By inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy and atom absorption spectroscopy methods, it was revealed that the rare-earth-element (REE) distribution pattern in the Ce(3+)-treated spinach was leaf > root > shoot in Ce(3+) contents. The spinach leaves easily absorbed REEs. The Ce(3+) contents of chloroplast and chlorophyll of the Ce(3+)-treated spinach were higher than that of any other rare earth and were much higher than that of the control; it was also suggested that Ce(3+) could enter the chloroplast and bind easily to chlorophyll and might replace magnesium to form Ce-chlorophyll. By ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) methods, Ce(3+)-coordinated nitrogen of porphyrin rings with eight coordination numbers and average length of the Ce-N bond of 0.251 nm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Life Science College, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fashui
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiangxuan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guiwen
mesh_terms: D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000737:chemistry; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008674:Metals, Rare Earth; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D002734:Chlorophyll; C032786:cerium nitrate; D002563:Cerium