In vitro activity of ertapenem against common clinical isolates in relation to human pharmacokinetics.
The in vitro activity of ertapenem against bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with moderate to severe complicated intra-abdominal, complicated skin/skin structure, acute pelvic, or complicated urinary tract infection or community acquired pneumonia was compared to ceftriaxone and piperacillin-tazobactam and related to known plasma concentrations of the three agents. Ertapenem was more potent against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) than ceftriaxone and piperacillin-tazobactam and was more potent and more active than both of these agents against Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent against enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (n=1088), Streptococcus pyogenes (n=37), Streptococcus agalactiae (n=48), MSSA (n=187), Haemophilus influenzae (n=59), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n=9) were susceptible to ertapenem; < 1% of 1284 anaerobes and only 1 of 113 Streptococcus pneumoniae (a penicillin-resistant isolate) were resistant to ertapenem. The MIC value at which 90% of all Enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, MSSA, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, and anaerobes were inhibited (MIC90) was < or = 1 microg/ml and below the mean plasma concentration of total ertapenem following a 1 g intravenous infusion for at least 24 hours, i.e., the entire recommended dosing interval, and below the free drug concentration for at least 8 h.
Friedland
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Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
Mixson
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LA
Majumdar
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A
Motyl
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M
Woods
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GL
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D000077727:Ertapenem; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007769:Lactams; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D047090:beta-Lactams
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007769:Lactams; D047090:beta-Lactams; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000077727:Ertapenem; D010878:Piperacillin