title: L-carnitine ameliorates gentamicin-induced renal injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined whether administration of L-carnitine ameliorates gentamicin-induced renal injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven treatment groups: group A (control) rats were given normal saline injections daily for 8 consecutive days; group B, C and D rats were given gentamicin injections, 50 mg/kg body weight/day daily for 8 consecutive days; and group E, F and G rats were given gentamicin injections, 80 mg/kg/day daily for 8 consecutive days. Starting 4 days before these injections, all groups were given additional injections, for 12 consecutive days, of normal saline (groups A, B and E) or L-carnitine at 40 mg/kg (groups C and F) or 200 mg/kg (groups D and G). Histological scoring of renal cortical pathology was performed after day 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among rats injected with gentamicin 50 mg/kg/day, those given either 40 or 200 mg/kg/day of L-carnitine had higher creatinine clearances at day 12 than the rats not given carnitine. In the rats given 80 mg/kg gentamicin and no carnitine, renal function tended to be lower than in controls. At day 12, the rats given gentamicin 80 mg/kg and L-carnitine 200 mg/kg/day, compared with rats given gentamicin 80 mg/kg and no carnitine, displayed lower serum urea and probably creatinine concentrations, and higher creatinine clearances, and their serum urea was not different from control (group A) rats. Both doses of gentamicin induced renal cortical histopathology. Changes were milder with gentamicin 50 mg/kg/day, and L-carnitine, particularly at 200 mg/kg/day, ameliorated the severity of renal pathology induced by both gentamicin doses. In rats given gentamicin 80 mg/kg/day, the animals treated with carnitine 200 mg/kg/day had significantly less severe proximal tubular necrosis and significantly greater mild proximal tubular necrosis compared with rats receiving L-carnitine 40 mg/kg/day or no carnitine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rats receiving gentamicin, daily L-carnitine injections, particularly at 200 mg/kg/day, ameliorate the severity of renal cortical proximal tubular necrosis and maintain greater renal function.
authors.affiliation: Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA. jkopple@rei.edu
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kopple
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Letoha
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanyi
authors.forename: David Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.forename: Lázló
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dux
authors.forename: Hui-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonkodi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D002331:Carnitine