title: Aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated graft and selective cerebral antegrade perfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aortic arch aneurysm repair remains associated with considerable mortality and risk of cerebral complications. We present results of a technique utilizing a three-branched graft for arch replacement, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2000 and November 2001, 22 patients (11 female) aged 40 to 77 years (mean 64 +/- 11.2) underwent arch replacement utilizing the trifurcated-graft technique. Serial anastomosis of the branched graft to individual cerebral vessels was carried out during HCA, followed by arch reconstruction during SCP through the graft. All 22 patients had surgery electively. Eight patients (36%) had undergone previous aortic surgery. In 19 patients, arch replacement was part of an elephant trunk procedure; 2 patients had Bentall operations and 1 had isolated arch replacement. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 6 patients (27%). Mean HCA duration was 30 +/- 6 minutes at a mean temperature of 11.4 +/- 0.8 degrees C. Mean duration of SCP was 52 +/- 18 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse outcome--death before hospital discharge or permanent stroke or both--occurred in 2 patients (9%). Two patients experienced transient neurologic dysfunction (9%). Two patients (9%) developed renal failure requiring short-term hemodialysis and pulmonary complications occurred in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cerebral protection and prevention of atheroembolism remain challenges in aortic arch reconstruction. To reduce neurologic complications we developed an aortic arch reconstruction technique in which a trifurcated graft is anastomosed to the brachiocephalic vessels during HCA, reducing the risk of embolization while minimizing cerebral ischemia by permitting antegrade cerebral perfusion as arch repair is completed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine/New York University, New York 10029, USA. david_spielvogel@msnyuhealth.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spielvogel
authors.forename: Justus T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: Oktavijan P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Minanov
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lansman
authors.forename: Randall B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Griepp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010477:Perfusion; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D015996:Survival Rate