title: [Extracorporeal lithotripsy in children. Report of 30 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal lithotripsy in the treatment of urinary stones in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children (19 boys, 11 girls) with a mean age of 7 years (range: 14 months to 17 years) with a total of 32 urinary stones were treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy. The stone was situated in the kidney in 27 cases, the lumbar ureter in 4 cases and the pelvic ureter in 1 case. 19 patients had single stones, 9 patients had multiple pyelocaliceal stones and 3 had staghorn calculi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General anaesthesia was performed in 2/3 of cases (age < 10 years). The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.3. The success rate (absence of residual fragments) was 77%, while residual fragments < or = 3 mm persisted in 4 cases. There were 3 failures. Complications occurred in 3 cases: ureteric obstruction (2), anuria (1) requiring complementary treatment: double J stent (1), nephrostomy (1), incision of ureterocele (1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracorporeal lithotripsy is effective in children and must be considered as first-line treatment for urinary stones in children. The only contraindication is untreated obstructive uropathy.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Urologique, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9, avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92110 Boulogne, France.
authors.forename: Anouar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krichene
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quenneville
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sauty
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beurton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004775:Enuresis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000601:surgery