title: First-line pharmacotherapy for tobacco use and dependence.
abstract: First-line pharmacotherapies for tobacco use and dependence (namely, nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray, and sustained-release bupropion) are safe and have been empirically determined to be efficacious and should always be considered part of a tobacco treatment intervention program unless contraindicated. Studies published subsequent to the literature synthesized in TTUD support previously determined efficacy of first-line pharmacologic medications for treatment of tobacco use and dependence. Further studies will be necessary to define clearly the efficacy and relative safety of combination treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Sara L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Disco
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002638:Chewing Gum; D016527:Drug Costs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine