title: TGFbeta-Smad signalling in postoperative human lens epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localise Smads3/4 proteins in lens epithelial cells (LECs) of fresh and postoperative human specimens. Smads3/4 are involved in signal transduction between transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) cell surface receptors and gene promoters. Nuclear localisation of Smads indicates achievement of endogenous TGFbeta signalling in cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three circular sections of the anterior capsule, one lens, and 17 capsules undergoing postoperative healing were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Smads3/4 in paraffin sections of the specimens. The effect of exogenous TGFbeta2 on Smad3 subcellular localisation was examined in explant cultures of extracted human anterior lens epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytoplasm, but not the nuclei, of LECs of uninjured lenses was immunoreactive for Smads3/4. In contrast, nuclear immunoreactivity for Smads3/4 was detected in LECs during capsular healing. Nuclei positive for Smads3/4 were observed in monolayered LECs adjacent to the regenerated lens fibres of Sommerring's ring. Interestingly, the nuclei of LECs that were somewhat elongated, and appeared to be differentiating into fibre-like cells, were negative for Smads3/4. Fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped lens cells with nuclear immunoreactivity for nuclear Smads3/4 were occasionally observed in the extracellular matrix accumulated in capsular opacification. Exogenous TGFbeta induced nuclear translocation of Smad3 in LECs of anterior capsule specimens in explant culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is consistent with TGFbeta induced Smad signalling being involved in regulating the behaviour of LECs during wound healing after cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Japan. shizuya@wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saika
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ooshima
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McAvoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D014945:Wound Healing; D038204:beta-Crystallins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D038204:beta-Crystallins