title: Trabecular bone strain changes associated with subchondral comminution of the distal tibia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure trabecular bone strain changes resulting from three increasing subchondral bone defects in the distal tibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric biomechanical model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contact radiographs were made from sagittal sections of human cadaveric distal tibia under no load and loaded to 400 N. Digital images, made from contact radiographs of unloaded specimens, were compared to corresponding digital images of loaded specimens using custom software that measures trabecular deformation and calculates trabecular bone strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve specimens were initially loaded intact in compression. Testing was repeated after creating three increasing circular subchondral bone defects in the center of a sagittal cross-section of the distal tibia. Defects were 10%, 20%, and 30% of the sagittal diameter of the distal tibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum shear strain, maximum principal strain, and minimum principal strain were measured in six discrete regions in the trabecular bone in the distal tibia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small defects (10%) caused minimal strain elevations. Significant increases in trabecular bone strain were measured with medium (20%) and large (30%) defects. Compressive strain increases as high as 1400 microstrain (10 strain) were measured adjacent to and proximal to the defects with medium and large defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subchondral defects cause size-dependent elevations in trabecular bone strain in the distal tibia. Medium and large defects caused rapidly increasing trabecular bone deformation under load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. todd-mckinley@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Todd O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Callendar
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*