title: Complex regional pain syndrome and chronic pain management in the lower extremity.
abstract: CRPS is a difficult clinical entity to manage; it requires close and regimented follow-up to ensure that progress is being made. Early recognition is important so that treatment plans to prevent a long-standing or permanent disability made be instituted. Treatments such as physical therapy, medications, regional anesthesia, and neuromodulation may decrease their morbidity and return the patient to a more functional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3471 5th Avenue, Suite 911, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth J H
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kirchner
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D020918:Complex Regional Pain Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management