title: Adrenomedullin gene expression in human placental tIssue and leukocytes: a potential marker of severe tIssue hypoxia in neonates with birth asphyxia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adrenomedullin (ADM) as a hypoxia-inducible marker of clinically relevant tIssue hypoxia in acute birth asphyxia of term newborn infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, ADM mRNA was determined in human placental tIssue of 20 term pregnancies complicated by birth asphyxia (pH and base deficit values, clinical score). In addition, ADM mRNA was measured in leukocytes of the asphyxiated newborn infants during the first 12 h of life (n=12). Controls were available from ten healthy term pregnancies. In vitro, hypoxia-inducible expression of ADM mRNA was evaluated in human choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo) and human leukocytes exposed to hypoxia (1% O(2)) for 1-24 h. mRNA levels were measured by TaqMan real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, ADM mRNA related to porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) mRNA levels significantly increased in response to hypoxia within a period of 4 h in leukocytes and 12 h in BeWo cells. In human placental tIssue, significantly higher levels of ADM/PBGD mRNA were present in asphyxiated newborn infants with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (n=5) compared with patients with mild or no HIE (n=15). Increased levels of ADM/PBGD mRNA levels were found during the first hours of life in leukocytes of neonates with severe HIE compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate an upregulation of ADM gene expression in human placenta and leukocytes in clinically relevant hypoxic-ischemic birth complications and suggest ADM gene expression as a promising marker for severe complications due to perinatal asphyxia such as HIE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany. regina.trollmann@kinder.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trollmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schoof
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beinder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rascher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dotsch
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase