title: Surgical treatment of endocrine exophthalmos by removal of orbital fat: clinical experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a series of 73 patients with endocrine exophthalmos treated by removal of orbital fat using the transpalpebral approach during the period 1989 to 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operation was performed according to the technique described by Olivari. Aesthetic analysis was done preoperatively and postoperatively (more than 6 months after surgery). The number of complications was also observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average volume of resected fat was approximately 7.6 mL per orbit. No major complication was observed. In 9 patients with epiphora, all improved. One patient developed postoperative diplopia and 5 complained of temporary diplopia. Appearance improved in 62 patients (85%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical removal of orbital fat associated with endocrine exophthalmos provides consistent improvement in appearance with a low rate of complications. Additional procedures may be indicated to improve the cosmetic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus Castro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuma
authors.forename: Márcio Paulino
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloise
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto Rodrigues
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome