title: Molecular analysis of adrenergic receptor genes and interleukin-4/interleukin-4 receptor genes in patients with interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interstitial cystitis is a chronic and sterile inflammatory disease of the bladder. Clinically many patients with interstitial cystitis also have allergic or autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have suggested that allelic variations in the adrenergic receptor beta2 gene, the interleukin (IL)-4 gene and its receptor gene are closely associated with immune diseases. Therefore, we studied adrenergic receptor genes alpha1d (ADRA1d), beta2 (ADRB2) and beta3 (ADRB3), and IL-4/IL-4 receptor genes in patients with interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 55 patients with interstitial cystitis and 228 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from a whole blood sample collected from each subject. We analyzed 5 gene polymorphisms (G404781T, Arg16Gly, Trp64Arg, C589T and Ile50Val) per gene (ADRA1d, ADRB2, ADRB3, IL-4 and IL-4 receptor, respectively) and their relationship to interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the Arg/Arg genotype of the ADRB2 gene and the TT genotype of the IL-4 gene were significantly higher in patients with interstitial cystitis than in controls. A significant difference of ADRA1d genotype prevalence was also observed. However, there were no remarkable differences of IL-4 receptor or ADRB3 genotype prevalences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variants of the ADRB2, ADRA1d and IL-4 genes may be related to a predisposition to interstitial cystitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazato
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics*; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000235:genetics; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4