title: Anticardiolipin and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken in order to determine the frequency of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I antibodies (anti-beta2 GP-I) in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied aCL (IgG and IgM) and IgG anti-beta 2 GP-I by ELISA in the serum and IgG aCL and anti-beta 2 GP-I in the urine of 125 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (cases) (75 had preeclampsia, 25 had eclampsia, and 25 had chronic hypertension). One hundred and twenty seven normal women were used as controls. Antibody positivity was defined as above the 90(th) percentile of the controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no differences in frequency of serum anti-beta 2 GP-I or serum and urinary aCL between cases and controls. In contrast, we found that frequency of IgG anti-beta 2 GP-I was higher in the urine of cases (26.1%) compared to controls (9.4%, p = 0.001). Strength of association was stronger for urinary anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I in women with preeclampsia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% confidence limit [CI 95%] = 1.95-9.62, p <0.0001). Cases and the subgroup of preeclamptic patients also had higher titers of urinary IgG anti-beta 2 GP-I than control women (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work suggests that urine testing is necessary in order to ascertain whether antibodies to beta(2)GP-I are associated with preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edmundo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valdés-Macho
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabiedes
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Antonio R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Segovia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D002308:Cardiolipins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I