title: Family members of patients treated for ESRD have high rates of undetected kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early intervention during the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) may delay the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Several studies have reported that relatives of patients with ESRD are at risk for kidney disease (KD), but little is known about the prevalence and awareness of CKD in this population, which is the object of this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional survey by way of a voluntary screening of relatives of patients with ESRD in 10 communities in one southeastern state. Age; race; sex; family and personal history of KD, hypertension, and diabetes; height; weight; and blood pressure were determined. Proteinuria and random blood glucose and serum creatinine were measured. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was assessed using the Cockroft-Gault formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 769 screened adults, 29.2% with a family history of ESRD were included in the study sample. CKD (CrCl < 90 mL/min) was present in 49.3%, 13.9% had a CrCl less than 60 mL/min, and 9.9% had proteinuria of 1+ or greater. Among those with a CrCl less than 60 mL/min or a proteinuria of 1+ or greater, or both, only 13.0% were aware of their KD. Awareness of CKD was not associated with age, race, sex, education, control of diabetes and hypertension, or physician's visits. Among those who had seen a physician recently, only 7.9% were aware of their KD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness of KD is less than expected among relatives of patients with ESRD considering the high prevalence of CKD in this population. Screening these individuals might help identify people with early KD.
authors.affiliation: Emory Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. cjurkov@emory.edu
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jurkovitz
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Franch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shoham
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellenger
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McClellan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine