title: Surface fissures in articular cartilage: effect of pathological changes in synovial fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A unified mathematical model of two different modes of inception of fissures at the surface of articular cartilage in healthy and pathological joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  The superficial tangential zone of articular cartilage is modeled as a three-phase medium consisting of collagen fibers, matrix, and of infiltrated thin constituent of synovial fluid.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The author's general mesomechanical concept is applied to the analysis of deterioration of articular cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Theoretical analysis based on the results of the author's preceding paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presented analysis shows that superficial fissures in articular cartilage can also be caused by pathological thinning of synovial fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas in healthy joints the probable cause of creation of fissures at the surface of cartilage was shown to be fast impact loading, in joints with inflammatory synovial fluid the fissures can be caused by plain walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appearance of surface fissures in articular cartilage is a serious, still not fully clarified problem that deserves attention.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prosecká 76, 190 00 Prague 9, Czech Republic. kafka@itam.cas.cz
authors.forename: Vratislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kafka
mesh_terms: D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005684:Gait; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013582:Synovial Fluid; D013585:Synovitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014783:Viscosity; D016474:Weight-Bearing