title: Induction of keratinocyte growth factor 1 Expression by lipopolysaccharide is regulated by CD-14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4.
abstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with increased concentrations of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and epithelial cell proliferation. Regulation of this proliferation is poorly understood but is most likely controlled by locally expressed growth factors. Keratinocyte growth factor 1, an epithelium-specific growth factor, is expressed by gingival fibroblasts, and its expression is regulated in a concentration-dependent manner by lipopolysaccharide. In this study, induction of keratinocyte growth factor 1 protein expression was dependent on gingival fibroblast expression of membrane CD14 (mCD14) and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced membrane expression of CD14 at 1, 3, and 24 h. Specifically, lipopolysaccharide induced low mCD14 expression gingival fibroblasts to express mCD14 at a level consistent with that of high mCD14 expression cells. Functional studies with specific blocking antibodies for CD14 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 implicated all of these molecules in signal transduction. The rapid decrease in cell membrane expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 after treatment with lipopolysaccharide was consistent with receptor internalization, and blocking of either of these receptors completely inhibited keratinocyte growth factor 1 protein expression. The transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB were involved in lipopolysaccharide induction of keratinocyte growth factor 1 mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that lipopolysaccharide may induce proliferation of periodontal epithelial cells by upregulating keratinocyte growth factor 1 expression via the CD14 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. putnins@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Putnins
authors.forename: Ali-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sanaie
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Firth
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors