title: Cytokine dialysis: an ex vivo study.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that dialysis using a new large pore membrane would achieve effective cytokine removal, blood from six volunteers was incubated with endotoxin (1 mg) and then circulated through a closed circuit with a polyamide membrane (nominal cut-off: 100 kDa). Hemodialysis was conducted at 1 or 9 L/hr of dialysate flow at the start of circulation and after 2 and 4 hours. The peak dialysate/plasma concentration ratios were 0.92 for interleukin (IL)-1beta, 0.67 for IL-6, 0.94 for IL-8, 0.33 for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and 0.11 for albumin. The dialysate/plasma ratios for all cytokines and albumin were decreased with increased dialysate flow from 1 to 9 L/hr (p < 0.05). Clearances for IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, however, were significantly improved with increased dialysate flow (p < 0.01). There was no increase in TNF-a clearance (not significant) and a decrease in albumin clearance (p < 0.01). The peak clearance at 9 L/hr was 33 ml/min for IL-1beta, 19 for IL-6, 51 for IL-8, 11 for TNF-alpha, and 1.2 for albumin. No adsorption of cytokines was observed. We conclude that cytokine dialysis is achievable through a membrane with a high cut-off point with negligible albumin loss. These findings support the technical feasibility of this new approach to blood purification in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care and Medicine, Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morimatsu
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Piers
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Sianna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panagiotopoulos
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tipping
authors.forename: Stanislao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgera
authors.forename: Hans Hellmut
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Neumayer
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goehl
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha