title: Intracoronary verapamil for reversal of no-reflow during coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: No-reflow is a frequent observation during direct PTCA for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and associated with a poor clinical outcome. This study assesses the value of verapamil for reversal of no-reflow during PTCA for AMI. In a consecutive series of 212 direct or rescue PTCAs for AMI, a TIMI flow grade < 3 was observed in 23 patients (10.8%). Ten of these patients had received GP IIb/IIIa antagonists before PTCA. Seven patients with AMI and TIMI grade 3 flow served as controls. All lesions were treated by stents. In 18 patients with systolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, nitroglycerine (0.1 mg i.c.) was given. Verapamil (1 mg over 2 min) was given via an infusion catheter distal to the angioplasty site. Before and after nitroglycerine, after verapamil, and 15 min later coronary flow was assessed by the TIMI frame count method (TFC). Nitroglycerine had no effect on TFC. Verapamil reduced TFC from 56 +/- 9 frames to 24 +/- 4 (P < 0.001). In controls, TFC did not change significantly. The TIMI flow grade was restored to TIMI flow grade 3 in 65%. In two of seven right coronary and one of three circumflex arteries, intermittent AV block II occurred during verapamil injection, which disappeared after atropine. No-reflow after PTCA for AMI can be reversed by intracoronary verapamil. This supports the hypothesis that no-reflow is caused by acute microvascular dysfunction probably because of a disorder in calcium homeostasis or microvascular spasm.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany. gerald.werner@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Helmuth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuehnert
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Figulla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036502:Infusions, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil