Identity processes and the positive youth development of African Americans: an explanatory framework.
This chapter presents Spencer's phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory, or PVEST (1995), as a conceptual framework for examining positive youth development. Contextual factors affecting racial and gender identity of African American youth are discussed, with the focus on the influence of schools and religious institutions.
Swanson
Dena Phillips
DP
College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Spencer
Margaret Beale
MB
Dell'Angelo
Tabitha
T
Harpalani
Vinay
V
Spencer
Tirzah R
TR
D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000941:ethics*; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012574:Schools / Q000941:ethics; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012933:Social Identification