title: AZT myopathy and HIV-1 polymyositis: one disease or two?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper discusses the association between inflammatory and mitochondrial pathologies in patients with HIV-1/AIDS treated with zidovudine (AZT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the clinical and pathological details of a 52-year-old HIV-1 positive male who presented with progressive muscle weakness. We also review the current literature and address the debated pathogenesis of the inflammatory pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle biopsy revealed evidence of both HIV-1 polymyositis and AZT myopathy. Six months after initiation of corticosteroid therapy and discontinuation of AZT, the patient's symptoms had greatly improved. The biopsy was repeated to show that both pathologies had resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perceived overlap in the pathological spectra of HIV-1 polymyositis and AZT myopathy has produced some debate on causation and treatment. Unfortunately, there have been very few reports where a repeat biopsy following a drug washout period confirmed resolution of the pathology. Furthermore, affected patients have not been treated in a uniform fashion. Whether this represents one disease or two remains uncertain. The clinical relevance of this issue lies in the potential for harm from the unnecessary use of corticosteroids. This question may be best addressed by a randomized clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, LHSC-UC, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demaerschalk
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crukley
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D004576:Electromyography; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D011241:Prednisone