title: Domestic violence during pregnancy in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and risk groups of domestic violence during pregnancy among public health care users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study focuses on violence perpetrated by both women and partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  526 women giving birth at term in public maternities from March to October 2000 were randomly selected and interviewers used the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  33.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28.8-37.0%] of the respondents reported some form of physical violence and 16.5% (95% CI: 13.3-19.8%) referred to severe forms. A total of 78.3% (95% CI: 74.8-81.8%), 9.9% (95% CI: 7.5-12.7%) and 15.6% (95% CI: 12.6-18.9%) reported psychological aggression, sexual coercion and injuries, respectively. Physical violence mainly occurred among adolescent women with less schooling, who did not work outside the home, with fewer prenatal appointments, and with little social support. Families with more under-five children, alcohol and drug abuse, and low socio-economic status were also involved more frequently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High prevalence rates for various forms of domestic violence in Brazil suggest that the issue should be viewed as a major public health problem.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social Núcleo de Pesquisa das Violências-NUPEVI, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. clmoraes@ims.uerj.br
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reichenheim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*