title: Tumor-targeting, systemically delivered antisense HER-2 chemosensitizes human breast cancer xenografts irrespective of HER-2 levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The failure to respond to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the successful treatment of breast cancer. We have previously shown that anti-HER-2 antisense oligonucleotide (AS HER-2 ODN) treatment was able to sensitize breast cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents in vitro irrespective of their HER-2 status, indicating that the use of AS HER-2 ODN therapy for breast cancer is not limited to tumors overexpressing the protein. One of the main drawbacks to the use of antisense therapy in the clinical setting is the lack of an efficient, tumor-targeting, systemic delivery method. We have developed a tumor-specific, ligand-targeting, cationic liposome delivery system designed for systemic gene therapy of cancer. In this study we employ this ligand-liposome strategy to enhance the delivery of the AS Her-2 ODN to breast cancer cells, including those that do not overexpress HER-2, in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cationic liposome complex that includes folate as the targeting ligand was designed and optimized for more efficient delivery of AS HER-2 ODN to breast tumors cells in vitro, and more significantly, for systemic delivery with tumor-specific targeting in vivo. Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435, which does not overexpress HER-2, was used to compare the degree of chemosensitization to the taxanes of AS HER-2 ODN delivered via the optimized folate-liposome versuscommercial Lipofectin. MDA-MB-435 xenograft tumors were also used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the combination of systemically delivered folate-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN and docetaxel (Taxotere).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optimized folate-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN complex significantly increases the response of breast tumor cell lines to conventional chemotherapeutic agents in vitro as compared to AS HER-2 delivered via an unliganded commercially available reagent, Lipofectin. In vivo, the folate-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN complex has prolonged stability in blood and increased uptake in tumors. More significantly, the combination of intravenously administered ligand-liposome-AS HER-2 ODN and docetaxel resulted in a marked inhibition of xenograft growth in an aggressive breast cancer model that does not overexpress HER-2, even after treatment ended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there are other reports of liposomal delivery of AS ODNs, this is the first report of in vivo efficacy against human cancer cells using a tumor-targeting liposome delivery system for systemic AS therapy. Moreover, the increased stability in circulation and anti-tumor efficacy observed were obtained without the need for continuous intravenous infusion. HER-2 is an integral component within a network of cell growth pathways that can affect many different types of tumors where HER-2 may be a contributing factor, such as ovarian, esophageal, and GI malignancies including colon and pancreatic cancers. Therefore, the effectiveness of this therapy with xenograft tumors that do not overexpress HER-2 has the potential to expand the clinical usefulness of this efficacious form of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Antonina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rait
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pirollo
authors.forename: Laiman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ulick
authors.forename: Esther H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D043823:Taxoids
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D008081:Liposomes; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005492:Folic Acid; D017239:Paclitaxel