title: Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases?
abstract: In less than a decade, beginning with the demonstration by Floyd, Stadtman, Markesbery et al. of increased reactive carbonyls in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative damage has been established as a feature of the disease. Here, we review the types of oxidative damage seen in AD, sites involved, possible origin, relationship to lesions, and compensatory changes, and we also consider other neurodegenerative diseases where oxidative stress has been implicated. Although much data remain to be collected, the broad spectrum of changes found in AD are only seen, albeit to a lesser extent, in normal aging with other neurodegenerative diseases showing distinct spectrums of change.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nunomura
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Xiongwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Rudolph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.forename: Gjumrakch
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species