VIP and PACAP down-regulate CXCL10 (IP-10) and up-regulate CCL22 (MDC) in spleen cells.
The immunoregulatory neuropeptides VIP and PACAP favor Th2-type immune responses. Antigen-stimulated Th2 cells produce VIP, VIP/PACAP induce Th2 cytokine responses, and promote the preferential survival of Th2 effectors. In this study, we investigate the effects of VIP/PACAP on two chemokines, i.e. CXCL10 (IP-10) acting on CXCR3 expressed on activated Th1 cells, and CCL22 (MDC) acting on CCR4 and 8 expressed on activated Th2 cells. VIP and PACAP down-regulate CXCL10, and up-regulate CCL22 in vivo and in vitro. The effects on the two chemokines appear to be different in mechanistic terms. The fact that VIP/PACAP might promote the directed migration of Th2 cells adds a new dimension to their participation in the Th2 auto-regulatory loop.
Jiang
Xiuju
X
Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
Jing
Huie
H
Ganea
Doina
D
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000276:immunology*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology
C495402:Adcyap1 protein, mouse; C515483:Ccl22 protein, mouse; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D009479:Neuropeptides; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide