title: Disruption of steroid and prolactin receptor patterning in the mammary gland correlates with a block in lobuloalveolar development.
abstract: Targeted deletion of the bZIP transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta), was shown previously to result in aberrant ductal morphogenesis and decreased lobuloalveolar development, accompanied by an altered pattern of progesterone receptor (PR) expression. Here, similar changes in the level and pattern of prolactin receptor (PrlR) expression were observed while screening for differentially expressed genes in C/EBPbeta(null) mice. PR patterning was also altered in PrlR(null) mice, as well as in mammary tissue transplants from both PrlR(null) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 5a/b-deficient mice, with concomitant defects in hormone-induced proliferation. Down-regulation of PR and activation of Stat5 phosphorylation were seen after estrogen and progesterone treatment in both C/EBPbeta(null) and wild-type mice, indicating that these signaling pathways were functional, despite the failure of steroid hormones to induce proliferation. IGF binding protein-5, IGF-II, and insulin receptor substrate-1 all displayed altered patterns and levels of expression in C/EBPbeta(null) mice, suggestive of a change in the IGF signaling axis. In addition, small proline-rich protein (SPRR2A), a marker of epidermal differentiation, and keratin 6 were misexpressed in the mammary epithelium of C/EBPbeta(null) mice. Together, these data suggest that C/EBPbeta is a master regulator of mammary epithelial cell fate and that the correct spatial pattern of PR and PrlR expression is a critical determinant of hormone-regulated cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Tiffany N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Seagroves
authors.forename: Elena B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kabotyanski
authors.forename: Russell C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hovey
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Vonderhaar
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lydon
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennighausen
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ormandy
authors.forename: Adrian V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Malinda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stull
authors.forename: Teresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000235:genetics; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000637:transplantation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; C491091:Sprr2a1 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D011388:Prolactin