title: Laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery: a randomized trial on short-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary endpoint was to compare the impact of laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery on 30-day postoperative morbidity. Lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens and gut oxygen tension were surrogate endpoints.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Evidence-based proof of the effect of laparoscopic colorectal surgery on immunometabolic response and clinically relevant outcome variables is scanty. Further randomized trials are desirable before proposing laparoscopy as a superior technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty-nine patients with colorectal disease were randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 136) or open (n = 133) colorectal resection. Four trained members of the surgical staff who were not involved in the study registered postoperative complications. Lymphocyte proliferation to Candida albicans and phytohemagglutinin was evaluated before and 3 and 15 days after surgery. Operative gut oxygen tension was monitored continuously by a polarographic microprobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the laparoscopic group the conversion rate was 5.1%. The overall morbidity rate was 20.6% in the laparoscopic group and 38.3% in the open group. Postoperative infections occurred in 15 of the 136 patients in the laparoscopic group and 31 of the 133 patients in the open group. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.4 +/- 2.9 days in the laparoscopic group and 12.5 +/- 4.1 days in the open group. On postoperative day 3, lymphocyte proliferation was impaired in both groups. Fifteen days after surgery, the proliferation index returned to baseline values only in the laparoscopic group. Intraoperative gut oxygen tension was higher in the laparoscopic than in the open group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic colorectal surgery resulted in a significant reduction of 30-day postoperative morbidity. Lymphocyte proliferation and gut oxygen tension were better preserved in the laparoscopic group than in the open group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, San Raffaele University, Milan Italy. braga.marco@hsr.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignali
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gruarin
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dellabona
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome