title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cardiac allograft vasculopathy and its attenuation by anti MMP-2 ribozyme gene transfection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) causes intimal thickening during cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). This process requires the degradation or remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cells. Imbalance between degradation and accumulation of ECM also contributes to the development of CAV. In this study, we investigated the contribution of matrix metalloprotenases (MMPs), enzymes regulating ECM turnover, to the development of CAV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor hearts from male DBA mice were heterotopically transplanted to male B10.D2 recipient mice, and harvested at days 15 and 30 post transplantation. We examined expression MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13 of graft vessels using immunohistochemistry. To clarify the role of MMP-2 in CAV, anti MMP-2 ribozyme was delivered into donor hearts just before transplantation, mediated by a hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome complex to specifically suppress MMP-2 activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All MMPs were immunopositive in SMCs from the slightly thickened neointima at day 15. In the advanced stage of intimal thickening at day 30, in addition to increased number of SMCs, accumulation of collagenous fibers was observed; expression of MMP-3, -9 and -13 was decreased. In contrast, MMP-2 expression remained distinctly positive throughout the progression of the vascular remodeling. After the gene transfer of MMP-2 ribozyme, luminal occlusion was significantly decreased compared to non-treated allografts [25.0+/-6.5 vs. 55.1+/-7.0% (P<0.05)] at day 30 post transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-2 is a principle MMP throughout the progression of the vascular remodeling in CAV. Anti MMP-2 therapy could therefore be one of the candidates for a supplemental therapy for CAV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (II), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukioka
authors.forename: Jun ichi
authors.initials: Ji
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaura
authors.forename: Ken ichi
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2