Scope and nature of prescribing decisions made by general practitioners.
BACKGROUND
This study describes cognitive processes of doctors who are deciding on the treatment for a patient. This helps to uncover how prescribing decisions could benefit from (computerised) support.


METHODS
While thinking aloud, 61 general practitioners made prescribing decisions for five patients with urinary tract infections or stomach complaints. The resulting 305 transcripts were analysed to determine the scope and nature of the decision processes. Differences in the process were related to case or doctor characteristics, and to differences in the quality of prescribing behaviour.


RESULTS
The decision processes were not extensive, particularly for patients with a urinary tract infection. The doctors did not actively consider all possible relevant information. Considerations referring to core aspects of the treatment were made in 159 cases (52%) and to contextual aspects in 111 cases (36%). Habitual behaviour, defined as making a treatment decision without any specific contemplation, was observed in 118 cases (40%) and resulted in prescribing first choice as well as second choice drugs. For stomach complaints, second choice drugs were often prescribed after considering other treatments or in view of specific circumstances. Experience of the doctor was not related to the type of decision process.


CONCLUSIONS
The processes observed deviate from the decision theoretic norm of thoroughly evaluating all possible options, but these deviations do not always result in suboptimal prescribing. Decision support is useful for bringing pertinent information and first choice treatments to the prescriber's attention. In particular, information about relevant contraindications, interactions, and costs could improve the quality of prescribing.
Denig
P
P
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, GUIDE/NCH, University of Groningen, Ant Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. p.denig@med.rug.nl
Witteman
C L M
CL
Schouten
H W
HW
D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003657:Decision Making; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy