title: Characterization of an in vitro rhesus macaque blood-brain barrier.
abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been modeled in vitro in a number of species, including rat, cow and human. Coculture of multiple cell types is required for the correct expression of tight junction proteins by microvascular brain endothelial cells (MBEC). Markers of inflammation, especially MHC-II, and cell adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1, are not expressed on the luminal surface of the barrier under resting conditions. The rhesus macaque model has been used to study early events of HIV-neuropathogenesis in vivo, but a suitable in vitro model has not been available for detailed mechanistic studies. Here we describe an in vitro rhesus macaque blood-brain barrier that utilizes autologous MBEC and astrocytes. We believe that this model is highly relevant for examining immunological events at the blood-brain barrier and demonstrate its potential usefulness for examining early events in AIDS neuropathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: Marlene S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Orandle
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacKey
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D030161:Avian Proteins; D051926:Basigin; D001798:Blood Proteins; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D030161:Avian Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; C102624:Bsg protein, Gallus gallus; C079432:Bsg protein, rat; D019040:E-Selectin; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D051926:Basigin