title: The effect of chronic treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics on working memory and jaw movements in three- and eighteen-month-old rats.
abstract: The effects of chronic treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics on acquisition, working memory, motor activity, and rat tardive dyskinesia (TD) were studied in 3- and 18-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Acquisition and working memory were studied in eight-arm radial mazes. TD liability of antipsychotic drugs (APD) was evaluated in rat model of TD in which spontaneous repetitive jaw movements (RJM) occur during withdrawal from neuroleptic treatment. Motor behavior was assessed using the traverse beam test. D1 and D2 receptor occupancy was determined in the rat brain during treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics. Chronic administration of clozapine, haloperidol, and risperidone impaired acquisition of the eight-arm radial maze in both young and aging rats while olanzapine had no effect. Retention tests showed that aging rats made more errors than the adults and that the antipsychotics haloperidol and risperidone significantly impaired retention in both age groups. Evaluation of motor behavior revealed that typical and atypical antipsychotics used in comparable doses in young rats had no effect on motor behavior, whereas in aging rats performance was impaired by clozapine, haloperidol, and risperidone but not by olanzapine. RJM responses were increased during washout from haloperidol treatment in young and aging rats whereas olanzapine, clozapine, and risperidone had no effect. D2 receptor occupancy in haloperidol- and risperidone-treated rats was above 70% while olanzapine and clozapine receptor occupancy was below 70%, which is the threshold for the appearance of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) and TD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Millhauser Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. helen.rosengarten@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosengarten
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quartermain
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007568:Jaw; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000187:drug effects; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2