title: Calcium rise in cultured neurons from medial septum elicits calcium waves in surrounding glial cells.
abstract: One prerequisite for understanding the physiological relevance of intercellular calcium waves in glia is the examination of mechanisms that trigger these waves. Here, we show that stimulation of cultured septal neurons to produce a large and sustained calcium rise in the soma can initiate calcium waves in surrounding glial cells. The initiation of calcium waves is dependent on calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels on the neuron. The waves are not due to direct stimulation of the glial cells or to loss of neuronal membrane integrity. Mechanism of wave initiation is distinct from that involved in wave propagation and does not involve glutamate or acetylcholine release. Communication via gap junctions, or nitric oxide production, is not involved in the initial signaling between a stimulated neuron and the surrounding astrocytes. Suramin, a blocker of P2 receptors blocked the waves but failed to abolish the responses in glial cells immediately surrounding the stimulated neuron. Our results suggest that patterns of calcium rises on neurons, like those seen in glutamate cytotoxicity, can cause calcium waves in surrounding glial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sukumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012686:Septal Nuclei / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013498:Suramin; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium