title: The use of in vitro metabolic stability for rapid selection of compounds in early discovery based on their expected hepatic extraction ratios.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The in vivo hepatic extraction ratio of cynomolgus monkeys was correlated with the corresponding in vitro extraction ratios that were determined in monkey microsomal incubations.
  
  
  METHODS
  For compounds that are eliminated mainly through liver phase I metabolism, the extraction ratio calculated from liver microsomal stability studies should correlate with their in vivo hepatic extraction ratios and also with their oral bioavailability in monkey. We used both well-stirred and parallel tube models of intrinsic clearance for the correlation. We also calculated extraction ratios for compounds within a given therapeutic area from fraction absorbed values that were estimated from the Caco-2 absorption model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present data show that in vitro extraction ratios in monkey microsomes are predictive of the in vivo hepatic extraction ratios in monkeys. All compounds with high extraction ratio (>70%) in vivo were successfully classified as high-extraction-ratio compounds based on the in vitro monkey microsomal stability data. From the results of this study, it appears that the parallel tube model provided a slightly better classification than the well-stirred model. CONCULUSIONS: The present method appears to be a valuable tool to rapidly screen and prioritize compounds with respect to liver first-pass metabolism in monkeys at an early phase of drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough Research Institute, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA. yau.yi.lau@spcorp.com
authors.forename: Yan Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Nathan P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Yumibe
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grotz
authors.forename: Elpida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sapidou
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Inhou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Cliff
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations