title: Antioxidant properties of apple juice and its protection against Cr(VI)-induced cellular injury.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to cause a broad spectrum of damage to the biological system. ROS-mediated reactions are believed to play a key role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping, the present study shows that apple juice efficiently scavenged hydroxyl radicals generated by Cr(VI) reduction catalyzed byglutathione reductase/NADPH. Apple juice reduced Cr(VI)-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and NF-kappaB activation in human lung epithelial A549 cells. The lipid peroxidation was measured by a colorimetric assay, DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, induction of cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and activation of NF-kappaB by luciferase assay. The results show that through its antioxidant properties, apple juice can protect Cr(VI)-induced cellular injury and may help reduce its carcinogenic potentiaL
authors.affiliation: MBR Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bing-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001628:Beverages; D001681:Biological Assay; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002857:Chromium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion