title: Apparent ELISA detection times for albuterol after administration with the torpex equine inhaler device.
abstract: Single doses of one, three, and six actuations (120 micro g albuterol/actuation) and multiple daily doses (six actuations per dose four times daily) for 5 days of aerosol albuterol sulfate were sequentially administered to each of six horses using an equine inhaler device (Torpex, 3M Animal Care Products, St. Paul, MN [corrected] and Boehringer Ingleheim Vetmedica, Inc., St. Joseph, MO [corrected]). A 2-week washout period was allowed between each dose. ELISA testing revealed no evidence of albuterol in urine at 24 hours after any single-dose administration. Results indicated that 48 hours or longer should be allowed for albuterol to be cleared from urine after single doses. When given at the maximum recommended rate of six actuations per dose four times a day for 5 days, urine samples tested by ELISA showed no evidence of albuterol at 48 hours after the final dose. Testing of nasal swabs by ELISA demonstrated the presence of albuterol for 8 hours after each single dose, and some horses might have detectable levels of albuterol in nasal swabs for several days following administration of multiple doses. As a guideline for withdrawal time, 72 hours or longer should be allowed after administration of aerosol albuterol sulfate to horses before participation in equestrian competitions that are regulated for detection of certain performance-enhancing substances. However, these recommendations were based on a small sample of horses and the specific ELISA test used and interpreted as described. Factors specific to individual horses may influence these detection times.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Science, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dirikolu
authors.forename: Brad A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mollett
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Troppmann
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Calvert
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.forename: Conor P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cashman
authors.forename: Dwight
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schroedter
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karpiesiuk
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyles
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harkins
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tobin
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004300:Doping in Sports; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol