title: Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for advanced testicular cancer after chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nerve-sparing techniques are commonly used in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with early stage testicular germ cell tumors to preserve postoperative ejaculation. The indications for nerve-sparing procedures have been extended to patients who have residual retroperitoneal tumor postchemotherapy with an increase in the incidence of local recurrence. Here, we report on 26 Japanese men with advanced testicular cancer who underwent nerve-sparing RPLND after partially successful chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and December 2000, 26 patients with metastatic or recurrent testicular cancer underwent nerve-sparing RPLND after chemotherapy. Eight patients had seminoma and 18 had non-seminoma. Three patients received high-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin (250 mg/m2 per day x 5 days), etoposide (300 mg/m2 per day x 5 days) and ifosfamide (1.5 g/m2 per day x 5 days) in combination with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, lumbar splanchnic nerves were preserved macroscopically during the operation, at least unilaterally. Twenty-two patients (84.6%) achieved antegrade ejaculation during a mean follow-up at 3.9 months (range: 1-7 months). Three patients have fathered children. Only one patient suffered a retroperitoneal recurrence during a median follow-up at 25.8 months (range: 6-76 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nerve-sparing procedures for RPLND are appropriate for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, even after chemotherapy. The procedure preserves ejaculatory function in the majority of the patients without increasing the risk of local recurrence. Nerve-sparing RPLND improves the quality of life in patients who require postchemotherapy RPLND to treat residual tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. nono@uro.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takaha
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome