title: The Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton (DISH): rationale, development, characteristics, and clinical validity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton (DISH) is a semistructured interview developed for the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study, a multicenter clinical trial of treatment for depression and low perceived social support after acute myocardial infarction. The DISH is designed to diagnose depression in medically ill patients and to assess its severity on an embedded version of Williams' Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression scale (SIGH-D). This article describes the development and characteristics of the DISH and presents a validity study and data on its use in ENRICHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the validity study, the DISH and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) were administered in randomized order to 57 patients. Trained interviewers administered the DISH, and clinicians administered the SCID. In ENRICHD, trained research nurses administered the DISH and recorded a diagnosis. Clinicians reviewed 42% of the interviews and recorded their own diagnosis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered in both studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the validity study, the SCID diagnosis agreed with the DISH on 88% of the interviews (weighted kappa = 0.86). In ENRICHD, the clinicians agreed with 93% of the research nurses' diagnoses. The BDI and the Hamilton depression scores derived from the DISH in the two studies correlated 0.76 (p < .0001) in the validity study and 0.64 (p < .0001) in ENRICHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the validity of the DISH as a semistructured interview to assess depression in medically ill patients. The DISH is efficient in yielding both a DSM-IV depression diagnosis and a 17-item Hamilton depression score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Freedland
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Skala
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Raczynski
authors.forename: C Barr
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mendes de Leon
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ironson
authors.forename: Marston E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Youngblood
authors.forename: K Ranga Rama
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Veith
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support