title: Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a Metropolitan Zoo.
abstract: From 1997 to 2000, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), three Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), and one black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in the Los Angeles Zoo. DNA fingerprint patterns suggested recent transmission. An investigation found no active cases of tuberculosis in humans; however, tuberculin skin-test conversions in humans were associated with training elephants and attending an elephant necropsy.
authors.affiliation: California Department of Health Services, Berkley, California 94704, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granich
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stringfield
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thisdell
authors.forename: Jothan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Workman-Malcolm
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehnkering
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soukup
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000382:microbiology*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*