title: Articular cartilage degradation and de-differentiation of chondrocytes by the systemic administration of retinyl acetate-ectopic production of osteoblast stimulating factor-1 by chondrocytes in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin A derivatives are widely used therapeutic agents for the treatment of dermatological and rheumatological disorders. Long-standing administration of these drugs, in turn, causes skeletal changes including ossification of ligaments, premature fusion of epiphyses and abnormalities of modeling. Recent in vitro experiments have further suggested that retinoid treatment of cultured chondrocytes may cause apoptotic cell death. The present study aims to address detailed cartilage changes associated with in vivo administration of vitamin A derivatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinyl acetate was administrated to experimental mice, C3H-Heston, for more than 12 months. Modified morphometry on the articular cartilage and fluorescent labeling of the subchondral bone were carried out to address the changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. In order to address the detailed chondrocytes phenotypes, electron microscopy was carried out. Since findings of these studies suggested that biological properties of the cartilage matrix might be altered, the present study also immunolocalized functional matrix molecules, type I collagen and osteoblast-stimulating factor-1 (OSF-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphometry demonstrated that retinoid administration lead to progressive atrophy of the articular cartilage with concomitant proliferation of subchondral bone. Furthermore, detailed light and electron microscopy suggested that the subchondral bone proliferates into the degenerating cartilage. The affected articular cartilage also resembled that of osteoarthritis in terms of ectopic type I collagen production. Furthermore, the affected articular cartilage produced a developmentally regulated matrix molecule, osteoblast-stimulating factor-1 (OSF-1) that is normally expressed in both the fetal cartilage and the epiphyseal growth plate cartilage but not in the articular cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that the systemic retinoid administration may alter the biological properties of the articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa-cho, Otsu-shi, Shiga-ken, 520-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsusue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rauvala
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004224:Diterpenes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C009166:retinol acetate