title: Role of anaerobes in chronic sinusitis: Will polymerase chain reaction solve the debate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteriology of chronic sinusitis continues to be a matter of debate, particularly the role of anaerobes. Some authors suggest that anaerobes play a significant role whereas others suggest a minimal role. Those who suggest a significant role argue that standard culture techniques are the culprits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on sinus specimens for the presence of anaerobes and to compare them with standard culture techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four samples were obtained in a sterile fashion during sinus surgery and were sent for standard anaerobic cultures as well as anaerobic PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anaerobic bacteria were demonstrated in 5% of culture specimens, which is similar to recently published data. PCR identified anaerobic bacteria in 19% of the specimens (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR analysis of surgical samples obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis identified a significantly higher incidence of anaerobes (x4) compared with standard anaerobic culture technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9200, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schwartzbauer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*