title: [Apical thickness of root fillings in upper premolars. A comparison of orthograde-filled, apicoectomized and retrograde-filled teeth].
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the apical leakage in root canal filled, apicectomised and retrogradely filled maxillary single rooted premolars with two canals of type II configuration. For this purpose the root canals of 51 maxillary type II premolars were shaped to size ISO #55, followed by a step-back preparation to size ISO #80. Subsequently, all teeth were obturated by means of lateral condensation and randomly divided into three groups, 17 teeth each. Group I was used as a control, whereas in group II and III an apicoectomy was performed. Retrograde glass ionomer restorations (Ketac Fil) were placed additionally in group III. The specimens were exposed to methylene blue for 24 hours, then cross-sectioned, and the deepness of dye penetration was measured. Data were analyzed and tested for significant differences between the various groups (Mann-Whitney test; alpha = 0.05). The teeth in group II showed the lowest mean dye penetration. The differences were statistically significant, if compared to group I (p < 0.001) and group III (p < 0.001). The dye penetration in group I was significantly lower than in group III (p = 0.024). In teeth with lateral canals, the mean dye penetration was higher (3,557 microns +/- 1,337 microns) than in teeth without lateral canals (3,096 microns +/- 1,931 microns). The teeth in group III showed a circular dye penetration in nearly all cases. For clinical purposes, the application of retrograde glass ionomer fillings must be considered very critically.
authors.affiliation: Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin-Franklin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Abteilung Restaurative Zahnmedizin, Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltungskunde und Parodontologie. jreister@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Jan Philip
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reister
authors.forename: Kamelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staribratova-Reister
authors.forename: Andrej M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kielbassa
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy; D001641:Bicuspid; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000175:diagnosis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D008298:Maleates; D008437:Maxilla; D008751:Methylene Blue; D011897:Random Allocation; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D019227:Tooth Apex
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C040964:Ketac-Fil; D008751:Methylene Blue