title: Post-mastectomy radiation in male breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies of male breast cancer have suggested that due to the lack of breast tissue, post-mastectomy radiation should be routinely utilized in all stages of this disease. We propose that the pattern of local recurrence in male breast cancer is, stage for stage, similar to female breast cancer and, therefore, the indications for post-mastectomy radiation should be similar.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of 44 cases of male breast cancer from 1967 to 1995. Primary therapy was surgical in all cases and 13 patients received postoperative radiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor, Nodal, Metastasis (TNM) classification revealed 34 Stages I/II and ten Stage III cases. The 5-year overall survival was 75% and the 5-year local recurrence free survival was 70% for the entire group. In patients with Stages I/II disease, 28/34 underwent surgery alone, of whom, at 5-year follow up, only one suffered an isolated local-regional recurrence (3.5%) and one distant failure (3.5%). Of the ten patients with Stage III disease, three underwent surgery alone and none suffered a local failure. While the crude rate of local recurrence (local recurrence at any time in relation to distant failure) for all patients as a whole was 11%, the isolated local recurrence rate (before distant failure) was seen in only 6%, and only 3% amongst those with Stages I/II disease treated with surgery alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although postoperative radiation is often routinely utilized in all stages of male breast cancer to help decrease the risk of local recurrence, this review suggests that this risk is small, especially in early stage disease, and, therefore, the same indications for post-mastectomy radiation that apply to female breast cancer, should be utilized in males.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Choong Ryul
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies