title: [Can anemia be corrected in hemodialysis patients with thalassaemia minor? ].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anemia is an important negative prognostic factor for dialysis patients, whose correction reduces hospitalisation and mortality. Besides, the presence of the thalassaemia minor (Thal-m) in haemodialysed patients causes erythropoietin resistance and more serious anemia. The goal of this study is the correction of anemia (Hb >11 g/dL) in haemodialysed Thal-m patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentric, prospective and controlled 12-month study for the correction of anemia (up to values ranging from 11 to 12 g/dL) followed by a 12-month observation period. Ten Thal-m patients with inadequate anemia correction were studied after therapy with rHuEPO. Their age at the beginning of the study was 62.8+/-4 years while their dialytic age was 89+/-20 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study we observed no changes in dry weight (p=NS), no increase in interdialytic weight (p=NS), cardiac frequency (p=NS), serum albumin (p=NS), serum aluminium (p=NS), PTH (p=NS), URR (p=NS), flow FAV (p=NS), TSAT (p=NS) and ferritin (p=NS) (maintained at their optimal values by means of intravenous therapy with trivalent iron. The hypotensive therapy (1.6 drug/patient/year) required no modifications during the 24-month study. The rHuEPO dose varied from 200.3+/-94.3 to 286.6+/-116.2, 317.0+/-119.5, 446.9+/-142.3, and 407.0+/-130.5 U/kg/wk (p < 0.0001 vs. initial value) (from the start to the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month, respectively). The dose was subsequently reduced to 385.2+/-119.7 U/kg/wk at 15 months (p < 0.0001 vs. initial value) and remained unchanged until the end of the study. Simultaneously, the Hb values at corresponding times were 9.2+/-0.9, 9.4+/-1.1, 10.2+/-1.4, 10.9+/-1.5, 11.2+/-1.4 and 11.0+/-1.4 (p=0.002 vs. initial value). The correction of anemia produced progressive reduction in cardiac mass from 141+/-12 to 120+/-10 and 110+/-8 g/mq at the beginning, 12th month and 24th month (p < 0.0001), respectively. During the study the hospitalisation time was 4.3+/-1.2 day/patient/year during the 3-month run-in period, 3.4+/-1.4 day/patient/year during the first year, and 3.1+/-1.1 day/patient/year during the second year (p=0.098).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion we can say that the question of Thal-m in dialysis patients cannot be ignored or underestimated. The rHuEPO dosage in these patients must be reassessed (a dose of 450 U/kg/wk corresponding to approximately 60,000 units/week is acceptable and does not produce an increase in side effects if the correction is done gradually); moreover, other factors responsible for EPO-resistance must be eliminated (hyperthyroidism, aluminium intoxication, iron overloaded or deficiency).
authors.affiliation: U.O. di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Civile di Ariano Irpino, ASL AV/1 (AV) - Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze Nefrologiche, Seconda Universita' di Napoli, Napoli, Italy. bidiior@tin.it
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guastaferro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gironda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morrongiello
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cillo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frieri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014168:Transferrin; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005293:Ferritins; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron