title: A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) on glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 16-week randomized controlled trial in 62 Latino older adults (40 women and 22 men; mean +/- SE age 66 +/- 8 years) with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to supervised PRT or a control group. Glycemic control, metabolic syndrome abnormalities, body composition, and muscle glycogen stores were determined before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen weeks of PRT (three times per week) resulted in reduced plasma glycosylated hemoglobin levels (from 8.7 +/- 0.3 to 7.6 +/- 0.2%), increased muscle glycogen stores (from 60.3 +/- 3.9 to 79.1 +/- 5.0 mmol glucose/kg muscle), and reduced the dose of prescribed diabetes medication in 72% of exercisers compared with the control group, P = 0.004-0.05. Control subjects showed no change in glycosylated hemoglobin, a reduction in muscle glycogen (from 61.4 +/- 7.7 to 47.2 +/- 6.7 mmol glucose/kg muscle), and a 42% increase in diabetes medications. PRT subjects versus control subjects also increased lean mass (+1.2 +/- 0.2 vs. -0.1 +/- 0.1 kg), reduced systolic blood pressure (-9.7 +/- 1.6 vs. +7.7 +/- 1.9 mmHg), and decreased trunk fat mass (-0.7 +/- 0.1 vs. +0.8 +/- 0.1 kg; P = 0.01-0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRT as an adjunct to standard of care is feasible and effective in improving glycemic control and some of the abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome among high-risk older adults with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ccastaneda@hnrc.tufts.edu
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castaneda
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Layne
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Munoz-Orians
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walsmith
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foldvari
authors.forename: Ronenn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roubenoff
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Miriam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids