title: Treatment of gustatory hyperlacrimation (crocodile tears) with injection of botulinum toxin into the lacrimal gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in the treatment of Crocodile Tear Syndrome and record any possible complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with unilateral aberrant VII cranial nerve regeneration following an episode of facial paralysis consented to be included in this study after a comprehensive explanation of the procedure and possible complications was given. On average, an injection of 20 units of botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) was given to the affected lacrimal gland. The effect was assessed with a Schirmer's test during taste stimulation. Careful recording of the duration of the effect and the presence of any local or systemic complications was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients reported a partial or complete disappearance of the reflex hyperlacrimation following treatment. Schirmer's tests during taste stimulation documented a significant decrease in tear secretion. The onset of effect of the botulinum toxin was typically 24-48 h after the initial injection and lasted 4-5 months. One patient had a mild increase in his preexisting upper lid ptosis, but no other local or systemic side effects were experienced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injection of botulinum toxin type A into the affected lacrimal glands of patients with gusto-lacrimal reflex is a simple, effective and safe treatment.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caesar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hague
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A