title: Interleukin-13 induces thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In allergic inflammation involving allergic rhinitis, the predominance of Th(2) lymphocytes is one of the primary causal agents in promotion of the allergic condition. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) is a recently identified chemokine that induces the development of Th(2) lymphocytes. One of the sources of TARC has been reported to be peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated TARC production from PBMCs by the stimulation of specific antigens and Th(2) type cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs were isolated from both allergic rhinitis patients and healthy volunteers. PBMCs were incubated with cytokine. TARC mRNA expression was examined by real time PCR methods and the amount of TARC production was examined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-13 was found to be the most potent inducer for TARC mRNA expression and protein production in PBMCs. Furthermore, tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-13 synergistically induce TARC. The amount of TARC from allergic rhinitis patients was significantly larger than that from healthy volunteers. Moreover, TARC was induced by a specific antigen, and was 35% inhibited by an anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that IL-13 is important in TARC mediated Th(2) lymphocytes infiltration in the nasal mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology (J2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Woo Jeong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Yasuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakita
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C106230:CCL17 protein, human; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007377:Interleukin-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor