title: Proteinuria and the expression of the podocyte slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, in diabetic nephropathy: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proteinuria, reflecting increased glomerular permeability to macromolecules is a characteristic feature of diabetic nephropathy. Nephrin, a 1241-residue transmembrane protein is a key component of the podocyte slit pore membrane and a major contributor of the glomerular filtration barrier. We investigated the expression of nephrin in human kidney tissue from patients with diabetic nephropathy to elucidate its relationship with proteinuria and the effects of anti-proteinuric therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal biopsies were examined from 14 patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and proteinuria who had been randomised to receive treatment with the ACE inhibitor, perindopril (4 mg/day) or placebo for the preceding 2 years. These specimens were compared with control human tissue sections, obtained from areas of normal renal cortex following nephrectomy for malignancy. Proteinuria was measured, specimens were examined histologically for injury and the expression of nephrin messenger RNA was assessed by quantitative in situ hybridisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glomeruli from placebo-treated patients with diabetic nephropathy, showed a 62% reduction in nephrin expression compared with control subjects (p=0.0003). In contrast, nephrin RNA in glomeruli from perindopril treated patients was similar to that in the non-diabetic control group. In both placebo and perindopril treated patients, a close inverse correlation was noted between the magnitude of nephrin gene expression and the degree of proteinuria (placebo: r=0.86, p=0.013, perindopril: r=0.91, p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modulation in nephrin expression is related to the extent of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. These changes define, at a molecular level alterations in the glomerulus that occur in relation to proteinuria in diabetes and the effects of anti-proteinuric treatment with ACE inhibition.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Langham
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holthöfer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zaoui
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pinel
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020913:Perindopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011507:Proteinuria
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020913:Perindopril; D010919:Placebos; D011506:Proteins; C113267:nephrin