title: Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent discovery of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has altered our understanding of new blood vessel growth such as occurs during collateral formation. Because diabetic complications occur in conditions in which EPC contributions have been demonstrated, EPC dysfunction may be important in their pathophysiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPCs were isolated from human type II diabetics (n=20) and age-matched control subjects (n=20). Proliferation of diabetic EPCs relative to control subjects was decreased by 48% (P<0.01) and inversely correlated with patient levels of hemoglobin A1C (P<0.05). Diabetic EPCs had normal adhesion to fibronectin, collagen, and quiescent endothelial cells but a decreased adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cells activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P<0.05). In a Matrigel assay, diabetic EPCs were 2.5 times less likely to participate in tubule formation compared with controls (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that type II diabetes may alter EPC biology in processes critical for new blood vessel growth and may identify a population at high risk for morbidity and mortality after vascular occlusive events.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microvascular Research and Vascular Tissue Engineering, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Oren M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tepper
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Capla
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalka
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gagne
authors.forename: Glen R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Jacobowitz
authors.forename: Jamie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gurtner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007797:Laminin / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000502:physiology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005353:Fibronectins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C059485:matrigel