title: Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3 as adjunct therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: PDE3 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are important in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and possibly cyclic GMP-mediated signalling in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle myocytes. Drugs that inhibit these enzymes have inotropic and vasodilatory actions that have proven useful in the short-term treatment of contractile failure and pulmonary hypertension in dilated cardiomyopathy (both ischaemic and idiopathic). With long-term usage, however, these drugs appear to increase mortality in treated patients through an as yet undetermined mechanism that is in some way attributable to an increase in intracellular cAMP content in cardiac myocytes. Several recent clinical trials have raised the possibility that these drugs may be used to advantage in dilated cardiomyopathy when they are administered in combination with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, which act to lower intracellular cAMP content. In this review, the relevant basic and clinical data are examined and the possible justification for the combination of two therapies with seemingly opposite effects on intracellular cAMP content is considered.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Movsesian
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alharethi
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D006801:Humans; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3