title: Perpetrators of early physical and sexual abuse among homeless and runaway adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine abuse specific variables among homeless and runaway adolescents and to look at perpetrators of childhood abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 372 homeless and runaway adolescents were interviewed using a systematic sampling strategy in metropolitan Seattle. Young people were interviewed on the streets and in shelters by outreach workers in youth service agencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately one-half of these young people reported being physically abused and almost one-third experienced sexual abuse. Females experienced significantly higher rates of sexual abuse compared to males, and sexual minority youth experienced significantly higher rates of physical and sexual abuse compared to heterosexual youth. Average duration of physical and sexual abuse was 5 and 2 years, respectively. Both types of abuse were rated as extremely violent by more than half of those who were abused. The average number of different perpetrators of physical and sexual abuse was four and three, respectively. Biological parents were the majority of perpetrators for physical abuse whereas nonfamily members most often perpetrated sexual abuse. Average age of perpetrators was late 20s to early 30s and the majority of perpetrators were male for both types of abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of exploitation and victimization within the family may have serious and cumulative developmental consequences for these youth as they enter the street environment. Early intervention programs are needed to break the cycle of exploitation and abuse that adolescents experience within the family. Without intervention, many of these youth may be at risk of future exploitation and re-victimization out on the street.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 717 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Ana Mari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cauce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care; D018453:Homeless Youth / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012307:Risk Factors; D012419:Runaway Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology