[Models of drug treatment in the attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity].
BACKGROUND
In recent years various drug protocols have been used for the treatment of nuclear symptoms and comorbid states of the attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.


METHODS
Dopaminergic model: the butyrophenones (haloperidol, pipamperone) and the phenothiazines (chloropromazine, thioridazine) are the classical drugs used to block the dopaminergic receptors and thus modify the level of their effect on attention. Another appropriate example of this model is tiapride. Noradrenergic model: noradrenaline plays a part in the phasic control and selective type of attention so that modifying this will also lead to changes in the functioning of attention. An example is athomexitine, which is a selective noradrenaline uptake inhibitor. Its use in patients with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity has shown significant improvement in neuropsychological studies. Another example of the same model is that of the alpha adrenergic antagonists cloridine and guanfacine. The serotoninergic model: the drugs which modify the level of serotonin are mainly the group known as selective serotonin uptake inhibitors'. They are used to treat disorders of mood and anxiety and may make people more impulsive. They are usually used in patients with comorbid disorders and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Pipamperone is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. Another example is busipirone (Buspar), a 5-HT1 receptor agonist. Gabergic model: gamma aminobutyric acid is an inhibitory aminoacid with a specific, but limited, distribution in the CNS. It has an inhibitory effect on the post synaptic membrane. It plays a part in the regulation of the subcortical attention circuit.
Etchepareborda
M C
MC
Laboratorio para el estudio de las Funciones Cerebrales Superiores, Buenos Aires, Argentina. mce@interar.com.ar
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D012701:Serotonin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine