title: Spermatogenesis and spectral echo-colour Doppler traces from the main testicular artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of testicular arteries may be useful in distinguishing the various causes of dyspermia when compared with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testicular volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included nine men with obstructive and 20 with unobstruc-tive azoospermia, 17 with oligoasthenospermia and clinical varicoceles, with male accessory glans inflammation (MAGI), 38 with undetermined oligoasthenospermia, 19 with MAGI, 11 with clinical varicoceles, 32 subjects with normal sperm analysis and recent paternity (fertile controls), and 15 with normal sperm analysis and a varicocele with recent paternity (fertile + varicoceles). Testicular volume, FSH, PSV, EDV and RI were compared among the dyspermic and/or control groups using analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PSV and RI were useful for identifying the different groups of patients, while EDV, FSH and testicular volume were not. Men with varicoceles, varicoceles + MAGI or fertile with varicoceles had the highest PSV and RI; fertile controls, those with obstructive azoospermia and MAGI had similar PSVs and RIs, those with unexplained oligoasthenospermia had a significantly lower PSV and RI, and men with unobstructive azoospermia had the lowest PSV and RI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RI and PSV are reliable indicators for routine clinical use to identify infertile/dyspermic men, while EDV, FSH and testicular volume are not. The RI and especially PSV clearly differentiated obstructive from unobstructive azoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di MEdicina della Riproduzione (SISMER), Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biagiotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modenini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianaroli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013599:Systole; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone