title: Approaches to the reversal of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease.
abstract: Uremic malnutrition and chronic inflammation are important comorbid conditions that predict poor clinical outcome in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. These conditions are also closely associated with cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in ESRD patients. A pathophysiologic link between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis has been proposed in this patient population. Indeed, multiple lines of evidence suggest that chronic inflammation can predispose ESRD patients to a catabolic and atherogenic state. Malnutrition can also result from chronic inflammation and can accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease. Whereas a single common etiology has not been identified in this complex process, nutritional and anti-inflammatory interventions provide potential treatment options to counter the high mortality and morbidity in ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Gulhane Military Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kayser
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: T Alp
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ikizler
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012307:Risk Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications