title: Maltreatment of primary school students by educational staff in Israel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports on the prevalence of emotional and physical maltreatment of students in primary schools by school staff in Israel. Victimization by staff was analyzed according to students' gender, age group (4th, 5th, and 6th grade), cultural group (Jewish-non-religious, Jewish-religious, and Arab schools), school characteristics (school size and class size), and by socio-economic status of the students' families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 5472 students in Grades 4-6 in 71 schools across Israel. The students completed questionnaires during class, which included a scale for reporting physical and psychological maltreatment by staff. Data on the socio-economic status of the families of the students in each school were also obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students reported generally high rates of maltreatment by staff members. Almost a third reported being emotionally maltreated by a staff member, and more than a fifth (22.2%) reported being a victim of at least one type of physical maltreatment. The most vulnerable groups for maltreatment were males, students in Arab schools, and students in schools with a high percentage of students from low-income and low-education families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These high rates of primary school students' victimization by staff are unacceptable. We recommend educational campaigns among teachers, as well as allocating more resources to support staff in low socio-economic neighborhoods.
authors.affiliation: Paul Baerwald School of Social Work, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benbenishty
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeira
authors.forename: Ron Avi
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khoury-Kassabri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018912:Arabs / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce