title: Down syndrome risk estimation after normal genetic sonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine whether there are any indication-specific variations in risk reduction for fetal Down syndrome after a normal genetic sonogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  A second-trimester genetic sonogram was offered to all pregnant women who were at increased risk for fetal Down syndrome (>/=1:274) because of either advanced maternal age (>/=35 years), an abnormal triple screen, or both. Outcome information included the results of genetic amniocentesis (if performed), the results of pediatric assessment, and follow-up after birth. Normal genetic sonography was defined as the absence of all ultrasound aneuploidy markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of fetal Down syndrome in the tested population was 1.41% (53/3,753 pregnancies); however, in the presence of normal genetic sonography, the overall prevalence of fetal Down syndrome was 0.21% (7/3,291 pregnancies). The overall risk reduction for fetal Down syndrome in the presence of normal genetic sonography was 6.64-fold (95% CI, 3.01-14.62); the overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.07-0.33). In the presence of normal genetic sonography, the risk for fetal Down syndrome was reduced by 83% in patients with advanced maternal age, 88% in patients with abnormal triple screen, 89% in patients with abnormal triple screen who were <35 years old, and 84% in patients who had both abnormal triple screen and advanced maternal age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant variations in the risk reduction for fetal Down syndrome in the presence of normal genetic sonography. Regardless of the indication for testing, the likelihood for fetal Down syndrome was reduced by 83% to 89%. This information will be useful in counseling pregnant women who are at high risk for fetal Down syndrome and who prefer to undergo genetic sonography before deciding about genetic amniocentesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/St Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vintzileos
authors.forename: Edwin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smulian
authors.forename: Lami
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Scorza
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knuppel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D015995:Prevalence; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal