title: [Tetrabamate-induced hepatotoxicity. Report of seven cases and literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of all cases of tetrabamate (Atrium)-induced hepatotoxicity reported in the Andalusian Registry of drug-induced liver disorders and comparison with cases reported in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was gathered in a structured protocol. The causal role of tetrabamate was estimated in each case using the diagnostic scale of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 327 cases of hepatotoxicity, 7 (2%) were due to tetrabamate. The mean age was 57 years (4 men). In 57% of the cases, the presenting symptom was tremor. The latency period was between 15 and 730 days. Liver damage was mainly cytolytic without signs of hypersensitivity. In all cases outcome was favorable with complete recovery between 60 and 120 days. The CIOMS diagnostic scale rated a causal role of tetrabamate as highly probable in six cases and as probable in one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tetrabamate can induce hepatotoxicity, probably due to an idiosyncratic metabolic mechanism. Because of this finding and the existence of more appropriate therapeutic alternatives, tetrabamate should not be used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacología Clínica. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Facultad de Medicina. Málaga. Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López-Torres
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García Ruiz
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peláez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soria de la Cruz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizarro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001463:Barbiturates; D004338:Drug Combinations; C006648:difebarbamate, febarbamate, phenobarbital drug combination; D010634:Phenobarbital