title: Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-induced intracellular calcium changes through gap-junctional communication in the corneal epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate intercellular communication in the corneal epithelium, changes in the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i) ) induced by adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit corneal epithelia were loaded with Ca(2+) indicators and then stimulated by ATP (10 microM). [Ca(2+)](i) changes were monitored by means of conventional fluorescence and real-time confocal microscopy. The localization of connexin 50 (Cx50) was also immunohistochemically examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATP was found to induce [Ca(2+)](i) increase, which was often synchronized among adjacent cells. When wing cells were topically stimulated by treatment with ATP, the [Ca(2+)](i) increase spread to adjacent wing cells, but significant increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in the superficial and the basal cell layers was not observed. The propagation of the [Ca(2+)](i) change was suppressed in the presence of octanol (1 mM), a gap junction inhibitor. Immunohistochemical staining of Cx50 was strongly detected in the wing and basal cells, but faintly in the superficial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was intercellular communication accompanied by [Ca(2+)](i) changes in wing cell layers, but not in superficial or basal cell layers. The difference in [Ca(2+)](i) changes among the layers of the corneal epithelium suggests that the response of each cell layer plays a distinct role in proliferation and differentiation during recovery of the corneal epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo-Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoh-ichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saino
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D017630:Connexins; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000442:Octanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011817:Rabbits; D000099264:Connexin 50
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium; D017630:Connexins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D000442:Octanols; D000099264:Connexin 50