title: Chromosome banding in Amphibia. XXIV. The B chromosomes of Gastrotheca espeletia (Anura, Hylidae).
abstract: The mitotic chromosomes of an Ecuadorian population of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca espeletia were analyzed by means of banding techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization. This species is characterized by unusual supernumerary (B) chromosomes. The maximum number of B chromosomes is 9 and they occur in three different morphological types. Banding analyses show that the B chromosomes are completely heterochromatic, consist of AT base pair-rich repeated DNA sequences, replicate their DNA in very late S-phase of the cell cycle, and are probably derived from a centromeric or paracentromeric region of a standard (A) chromosome. Exceptionally, the B chromosomes carry 18S + 28S ribosomal RNA genes and the conserved vertebrate telomeric DNA sequence appears to be underrepresented. Flow cytometric measurements of the nuclear DNA content differentiate between individuals with different numbers of B chromosomes. Significantly more B chromosomes are present in female than in male animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. m.schmid@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinlein
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000235:genetics*; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D005260:Female; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region; D016615:Telomere