title: Occasion setting and drug tolerance.
abstract: There is considerable evidence that drug-paired cues become associated with drug effects. It has been hypothesized that these cues act as Pavlovian conditional stimuli (CSs), and elicit conditional compensatory responses that contribute to tolerance. On the basis of a conditioning analysis of tolerance, we would expect that it should be possible to establish drug-paired cues as occasion setters, as well as conditional stimuli. Using feature-positive discrimination training, we evaluated the contribution of occasion-setting stimuli (as well as CSs) to tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in rats. The results indicated that a complete associative analysis of drug tolerance should incorporate not only the CS properties of predrug cues, but also the occasion-setting properties of such cues. The findings have implications for interpreting conflicting findings concerning extinction of tolerance and for cue-exposure treatments of addiction.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Barbara M C
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Shepard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: José Lino O
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol