title: Thymidylate synthase gene expression in primary colorectal cancer and metastatic sites.
abstract: Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been identified as an important predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, there is relatively little information on the heterogeneity of TS mRNA expression between primary and metastatic tumors, as well as differential expression of TS mRNA in metastatic sites. In this study, TS mRNA expression was measured in primary colorectal cancer tumors and various metastatic tumors. The median TS/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA ratio was 0.98 in primary tumors, 0.70 in liver metastases, 1.92 in lymph node metastases, and 3.42 in pulmonary metastases. A significantly higher expression of TS mRNA was observed in pulmonary and lymph node metastases compared with their respective primary tumors. In contrast, TS mRNA expression in hepatic metastases was significantly lower than in primary tumors. Similar results were observed in tumors obtained from the same patient. These results may explain the difference in the clinical response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy between various metastatic sites. The discordant TS expression between primary and metastatic tumors is a critical factor that must be taken into account when TS is being used as a predictive biomarker for the antitumor effect of 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uetake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirayama
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D005472:Fluorouracil