Ethnic differences in prisoners. 2: risk factors and psychiatric service use.
BACKGROUND
The high rates of psychiatric morbidity in prisoners vary between ethnic groups.


OBJECTIVE
To compare early environmental risks, stressful daily living experiences and reported use of psychiatric services in prisoners from different ethnic groups.


METHODS
Cross-sectional survey of 3142 prisoners in all penal establishments in England and Wales in 1997.


RESULTS
Fewer Black and South Asian male prisoners reported childhood traumas and conduct disorder, and fewer Black prisoners experienced stressful prison experiences, than White prisoners. Fewer Black women had received previous psychiatric treatment, and fewer Black men had their psychiatric problems identified in prison. Black prisoners were less likely to have received psychiatric treatment than Whites.


CONCLUSIONS
The lower prevalence of psychiatric morbidity observed in Black prisoners corresponds with reduced exposure to risk factors. Higher rates of imprisonment might be explained by higher rates of conduct disorder, adolescent-onset criminality and disadvantage within the criminal justice system.
Coid
Jeremy
J
Department of Psychological Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. J.W.Coid@qmul.ac.uk
Petruckevitch
Ann
A
Bebbington
Paul
P
Brugha
Traorach
T
Bhugra
Dinesh
D
Jenkins
Rachel
R
Farrell
Mike
M
Lewis
Glyn
G
Singleton
Nicola
N
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology