title: Sublethal effects of copper on the freshwater crab Potamonautes warreni.
abstract: The mass specific rates of oxygen consumption (M (O(2)) M(b)(-1)), ammonia excretion (M (NH(4)-N) M(b)(-1)) and carbon dioxide production (M (CO(2)) M(b)(-1)) were measured after 7, 14 and 21 days exposure of adult Potamonautes warreni to a sublethal concentration of 1.0 mg Cu l(-1) (15.75 micromol l(-1)). Under control (non-copper-exposed) conditions M (O(2)) M(b)(-1) was 35.7+/-8.5 micromol kg(-1)min(-1) (mean+/-S.D.), M (NH(4)-N) M(b)(-1) 2.92+/-0.26 micromol kg(-1)min(-1) and M (CO(2)) M(b)(-1) 25.6+/-9.0 micromol kg(-1)min(-1). The oxygen:nitrogen (O:N) ratio and respiratory quotient (RQ) were 24.5+/-3.0 and 0.80+/-0.06, respectively. M (O(2)) M(b)(-1) of copper-exposed crabs showed a significant increase after 7 and 14 days, but decreased significantly by 40% after 21 days. From the increased O:N ratio and RQ below 0.7, it is clear that crabs exposed to 1 mg Cul(-1) metabolize lipids during the entire 21-day exposure period. Free fatty acids in the midgut gland were determined by GC-MS, and showed increases of up to 600% in some C14 to C18 fatty acids. It is proposed that the excess lipids inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to the acceleration of the gluco- and glyco-neogenic pathways. Increased glyconeogenesis results in elevated glycogen concentrations in all tissues after 21 days. Experiments on acutely exposed P. warreni show increased incorporation of 14C-labelled lactate into glycogen.
authors.affiliation: School for Environmental Science and Development, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa. drkav@puknet.puk.ac.za
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vosloo
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Aardt
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mienie
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D003300:Copper; D006003:Glycogen