title: Association of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms with early onset periodontitis in Japanese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early onset periodontitis (EOP), newly 'aggressive periodontitis', is considered to have genetic basis, which have not been clearly defined. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster polymorphism as one of genetic factors may influence the expression of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) in 47 generalized EOP (G-EOP) patients and 97 periodontally healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were of Japanese descent and systemically healthy. They were identified according to established clinical criteria. SNPs in the IL-1alpha (+ 4845) and IL-1beta (- 511, + 3954) genes were analyzed by amplifying the polymorphic region using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction-enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms were then detected by PCR amplification and fragment size analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the IL-alpha (+ 4845) and IL-1beta (- 511, + 3954) genotypes and allele frequencies between G-EOP patients and healthy controls. However, the frequency of IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphic alleles was found to be significantly increased in G-EOP patients (chi2 test, P = 0.007; odds ratio = 3.40). Additionally, the carriage rate of IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms was significantly higher in G-EOP patients than in healthy controls (chi2 test, P = 0.005; odds ratio = 3.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms are associated with G-EOP in Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Emire
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orima
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins