title: Distribution of LINEs and other repetitive elements in the karyotype of the bat Carollia: implications for X-chromosome inactivation.
abstract: The Lyon repeat hypothesis postulates that long interspersed elements (LINEs) play a role in X-chromosome inactivation. Evidence to support this hypothesis includes the observation that the degree of inactivation of autosomes translocated to the X chromosome is correlated with LINE density on that autosome. We examined the distribution of LINEs in the fruit bat Carollia brevicauda, which has an autosomal translocation to the X that occurred at least 7 million years ago. A quantitative analysis of LINE accumulation on multiple metaphase chromosome spreads revealed a significant accumulation on the original X relative to the attached autosome, the homolog of that autosome (Y(2)), and chromosome 1. Previous replication studies indicate that for the X and attached autosome, only the original X chromosome replicates late in Carollia females, and that the attached autosome replicates in the same timeframe as other autosomes. These data are compatible with the Lyon repeat hypothesis, and the possibility that LINEs act as booster elements for X inactivation remains a viable hypothesis. We address the procedures and limitations of quantitative analysis based on in situ hybridization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA. dparish@ttacs.ttu.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vise
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Wichman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D014960:X Chromosome
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004247:DNA