title: Design and rationale of CONTRAST--a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy.
abstract: Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy develops in approximately 10% to 20% of patients following administration of iodine-based dye and is one of the most prognostically detrimental complications that invasive cardiologists and radiologists encounter. Preexisting renal dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are two of the most powerful predictors of the likelihood of developing acute renal insufficiency after contrast delivery. To date, only adequate preprocedural hydration and postprocedural hydration to offset dehydration from contrast-induced diuresis have been shown to be effective in preventing this condition. Fenoldopam mesylate, a systemic vasodilator currently FDA-approved for short-term, in-hospital management of severe hypertension, has been shown to increase renal plasma flow in patients with and without chronic renal insufficiency. As a selective agonist of the dopamine-1 receptor, fenoldopam may preserve outer medullary renal blood flow and thereby attenuate radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Small studies with fenoldopam prior to iodine-based dye administration have demonstrated low rates of radiocontrast nephropathy, and a larger, randomized trial has found that renal blood flow 1 hour after angiography rose in the fenoldopam group compared to a decline in the placebo group. The CONTRAST study has been designed to determine whether fenoldopam is indeed effective in diminishing the occurrence of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tumlin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madyoon
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lepor
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D018818:Fenoldopam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018818:Fenoldopam