title: Routine preoperative laboratory analyses are unnecessary before elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We formulated a clinical pathway (CP) for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), which included the following preoperative evaluation: history and physical (H&P), right upper quadrant ultrasound (US), and liver function tests (LFTs). We hypothesized that routine LFTs did not alter management beyond that dictated by H&P and US, and could be excluded from the CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 387 consecutive patients undergoing elective LC. Abnormalities in the preoperative evaluation were compared with the finding of choledocholithiasis or other unexpected outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 187 (48%) patients, abnormalities were found by H&P (n = 7), US (n = 13), and LFTs (n = 177). Seven patients (2%) had documented choledocholithiasis; two had abnormal H & P; three had abnormal US; and four had abnormal LFTs. No patient with choledocholithiasis had abnormal LFTs but normal H&P and US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine LFTs before elective LC are not cost effective. Before LC H&P and US are warranted, but LFTs do not add any useful information and should not be routinely measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center/University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Heimbach
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures