title: Transthoracic Doppler assessment of coronary flow velocity reserve in children with Kawasaki disease: comparison with coronary angiography and thallium-201 imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measurement by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Doppler-derived CFVR is a reliable marker predicting the presence of myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 49 patients (median age 11 years) with KD. The CFVR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal peak (peak CFVR) and mean (mean CFVR) diastolic flow velocities in the posterior descending coronary artery (PD) and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The CFVR measurements by TTDE were compared with the results of coronary angiography, thallium-201 (Tl-201) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and intracoronary Doppler study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CFVR measurements by TTDE were obtained in 92 (94%) of 98 vessels of the PD and LAD in 49 study patients. Both peak and mean CFVRs for 21 stenotic vessels were significantly smaller than those for 35 normal vessels and for 20 vessels with aneurysmal lesions (p < 0.0001). Peak and mean CFVR <2.0 predicted significant coronary stenosis, as determined by coronary angiography, with sensitivities and specificities of 89% and 96% and 89% and 97%, respectively. Also, both peak and mean CFVRs were correlated with reversible perfusion defects on Tl-201 SPECT (agreement 80%; kappa 0.4). The correlation between peak and mean CFVRs determined by the TTDE and intracoronary Doppler studies in 36 vessels of 23 patients were 0.76 and 0.80, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CFVR measured by TTDE predicts the presence of significant coronary stenosis of either the right coronary artery or LAD, as well as myocardial ischemia of these territories in children with KD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228, Japan. satoshih@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
authors.forename: Hamao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakahata
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D013794:Thallium Radioisotopes