title: The distribution of long range admixture linkage disequilibrium in an African-American population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the effect of admixture on long range linkage disequilibrium (LD), we characterized extended LD in gene-rich regions of an African-American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 290 cM of chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 11-17, 20 and 22 were scanned using 109 polymorphic microsatellite markers spaced an average of 3 cM apart. Disequilibrium between loci (D') was based on maximum-likelihood estimates of haplotype frequencies computed for 200 unrelated African Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean D' values were highest on chromosomes 6p23-p21.3 (D' = 0.33) and 15p22.2-p25.3 (D' = 0.34), and lowest on chromosome 12p11.2-q14 (D' = 0.21). Overall, the variance in LD among chromosomes accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total LD variance. Of the 434 locus pairs spaced between 0.3 and 38.7 cM apart, there was no detectable correlation between LD and recombination distance and a weak negative correlation between LD and physical distance (r(s) = -0.12; p = 0.031). For the 192 intrachromosomal locus pairs where allele frequency data were available from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme humain (CEPH), we found a statistically significant positive correlation between LD and the allelic frequency differences (delta) between the African-American study population and Caucasian reference CEPH population (r(s) = 0.53; p < 0.0001). The correlation between LD and both recombination and physical distance was markedly increased for locus pairs with high delta levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that recent Caucasian admixture maintains a high level of long range LD in African Americans on a genomic scale, and selected markers with large African American/Caucasian delta levels may be useful in association studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich 48202, USA. brybick1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rybicki
authors.forename: Sudha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liptak
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Elston
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sheffer
authors.forename: Kang Mei
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maliarik
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers