title: Effects of thyroid state on AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in muscle.
abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Two isoforms exist for the alpha-subunit (alpha(1) and alpha(2)), two for the beta-subunit (beta(1) and beta(2)), and three for the gamma-subunit (gamma(1), gamma(2), and gamma(3)). Although the specific roles of the beta- and gamma-subunits are not well understood, the alpha-subunit isoforms contain the catalytic site and also the phosphorylation/activation site for the upstream kinase. This study was designed to determine the role of thyroid hormones in controlling expression levels of these AMPK subunits and of one downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), in muscle. AMPK subunit and ACC levels were determined by Western blots in control rats, in rats given 0.01% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 3 wk, and in rats given 3 mg of thyroxine and 1 mg of triiodothyronine per kilogram chow for 1 or 3 wk. In gastrocnemius muscle, all isoforms of AMPK subunits were significantly increased in rats given thyroid hormones for 3 wk vs. those treated with PTU. Similar patterns were seen in individual muscle types. Expression of muscle ACC was also significantly increased in response to 3 wk of treatment with excess thyroid hormones. Muscle content of malonyl-CoA was elevated in PTU-treated rats and depressed in thyroid hormone-treated rats. These data provide evidence that skeletal muscle AMPK subunit and ACC expression is partially under the control of thyroid hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gammon
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mustard
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Winder
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011441:Propylthiouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D008316:Malonyl Coenzyme A; D011441:Propylthiouracil; D006003:Glycogen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D013974:Thyroxine