title: Increasing ofloxacin resistance of bacterial flora from conjunctival sac of preoperative ophthalmic patients in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the in vitro resistance to ofloxacin of preoperative bacterial isolates from the conjunctival sac of Japanese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database of bacterial flora cultured preoperatively from the conjunctival sac of 1455 Japanese patients (1455 eyes) between 1995 and 1999 was reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of resistance of isolates to ofloxacin in vitro increased from 13.5% in 1995 to 32.8% in 1999. The percentage of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to ofloxacin was 19.6% and 15.0%, respectively, in 1995 and 33.7% and 28.1%, respectively, in 1999. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and aging were significantly associated with ofloxacin-resistant strains of bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware of the increased likelihood that conjunctival sac flora is resistant to ofloxacin, especially in elderly and diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Tokyo Medical Center, The Policy-Based Medical Services Network Study Group for Sensory Organ, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mashima
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000382:microbiology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D004917:Erythromycin; D015242:Ofloxacin