title: Fine mapping of polymorphic alcohol-related quantitative trait loci candidate genes using interval-specific congenic recombinant mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inbred long-sleep (ILS) and inbred short-sleep (ISS) strains of mice are widely studied as a model of initial sensitivity to alcohol. Recently, a large comparative DNA sequencing study of candidate genes located within the four Lore quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex in ILS and ISS mice has identified eight genes that contain coding region differences corresponding to amino acid changes. Here, recently developed interval-specific congenic recombinant mice (ISCRs) have been used to map these genes in relationship to newly narrowed QTL regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regions of candidate genes containing DNA differences corresponding to previously identified amino acid changes between ISS and ILS mice were amplified from either genomic DNA or complementary DNA from ISCR mice using polymerase chain reaction. The products were purified and directly sequenced to determine the genotypes for each polymorphism. On the basis of these genotypic data, each candidate gene was determined to be located either within or outside of recently narrowed Lore QTL intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these eight candidates with protein-coding differences, five are now excluded from their respective Lore intervals. The other three (Znf142, Ptprn, and Znf133) have been localized to the narrowed QTL intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These three central nervous system genes (Znf142, Ptprn, and Znf133) represent promising candidates for involvement in the differential sensitivity to alcohol exhibited between ILS and ISS mice. This study also demonstrates how the combination of high-throughput comparative gene sequencing and concomitant genetic fine mapping of QTL regions with ISCRs can be an effective tool for accelerating the process of moving from QTL to gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Human Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ehringer
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Otakuye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hink
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sikela
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D020297:Mice, Congenic; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein / Q000379:methods