title: Intense inflammation in bladder carcinoma is associated with angiogenesis and indicates good prognosis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic influence of microvessel density using the hot spot method in 107 patients diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In each case, inflammation was found in the invasive carcinoma, therefore we classified the degree of inflammation as minimal, moderate or intense. Microvessel density was then reevaluated in each tumour in areas corresponding to these three categories. Median microvessel density irrespective of degree of inflammation was 71. Areas of minimal, moderate and intense inflammation were found in 48, 92 and 32 tumours. Microvessel density increased significantly with increasing degree of inflammation. Disease-specific survival was improved if areas of intense inflammation were present in the carcinoma (P=0.004). High microvessel density, irrespective of the degree of inflammation, was associated with a significantly better disease-specific survival (P=0.01). Multivariate analysis using death of disease as endpoint demonstrated an independent prognostic value of N-classification (N0, hazard ratio (HR)=1 vs N1, HR=2.89 (range, 1.52-5.52) vs N2, HR=3.61 (range, 1.84-7.08)), and intense inflammation, HR=0.48 (range, 0.24-0.96). Malignancy grade, T classification and microvessel density were not independent significant markers of poor outcome. In conclusion, inflammation was significantly correlated to microvessel density, and areas of intense inflammation were an independent marker of good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bldg 5, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. bvo@oncology.dk
authors.forename: B V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Offersen
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Knap
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marcussen
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Horsman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamilton-Dutoit
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overgaard
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors