title: The parental bonding experiences of sex offenders: a comparison between child molesters and rapists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has often been hypothesized that because of a lack of early satisfactory attachments, sex offenders grow up unable to form relationships with adults, which makes them susceptible to pursue intimacy in maladaptive ways. This research aims to empirically examine the parental bonding patterns for a group of sex offenders, comparing child molesters and rapists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six men convicted of a sexual offense (57 child molesters and 19 rapists) completed the parental bonding instrument (PBI), and were assessed by means of a semi-structured clinical interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affectionless control style of parental bonding was highly prevalent amongst the sex offenders. There was some suggestion that low parental care was associated with childhood abuse and disturbances, particularly for child molesters. High overprotection in mothers was linked with parental separation and sex play with male peers in childhood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to replicate the study with non-sexual offenders as a comparison group, and to establish whether the PBI provides a useful adjunct to studies of adult romantic attachment in sex offenders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Craissati
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McClurg
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology*; D003417:Criminal Psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires