title: Intraoperative mapping of the cortical areas involved in multiplication and subtraction: an electrostimulation study in a patient with a left parietal glioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advances in neuroimaging studies have recently improved the understanding of the functional anatomy of the calculation processes, having in particular underlined the central role of the angular gyrus (AG). In this study, the authors applied this knowledge to the surgical resection of a glioma invading the left AG, by localising and sparing the cortical areas involved in two different components of calculation (multiplication and subtraction), using direct electrical stimulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A calculation mapping was performed in a patient without deficit except a slightly impaired performance for serial arithmetic subtraction, during the resection under local anaesthesia of a left parieto-occipital glioma invading the dominant AG. After somatosensory and language mappings, cortical areas involved in single digit multiplications and subtractions of seven were mapped using the method of electrostimulation, before glioma removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distinct sites specifically involved in multiplication or subtraction were detected within the left AG, with a precise spatial distribution and overlapping. All the eloquent (somatosensory, language, and calculation) areas were surgically spared. Postoperatively, the patient had a transient complete deficit for arithmetic subtraction, without either multiplication or language disturbance. The tumour removal was complete.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest: firstly, the usefulness of an intraoperative calculation mapping during the removal of a lesion involving the left dominant AG, to avoid permanent postoperative deficit of arithmetic processes while optimising the quality of tumour resection; secondly, the possible existence of a well ordered and dynamic anatomo-functional organisation for different components of calculation within the left AG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Salpêtriére, Paris, France. hugues.duffau@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duffau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denvil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Capelle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Effenterre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008433:Mathematics; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*