title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Western blot: revised diagnostic criteria with fewer indeterminate results for epidemiological studies in Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Western blot (WB) criteria in epidemiological studies in Africa exhibit an unacceptably high proportion of indeterminate results. New diagnostic criteria are urgently needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1989 to 1998, WB confirmatory tests were performed after weakly positive or discordant results of two enzyme immunoassays in a large Ugandan population. Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) on new sera taken prospectively from the same individuals one year later were used to assess the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of these people. A logistic model was used to determine which set of WB bands was the most predictive of HIV status. Diagnostic criteria were then established, based on the likely HIV status determined using the predictive values and the intensity of the bands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using 1109 WB tests, the best diagnostic criteria were based on only two bands (gp160 and p31). These criteria were validated on an independent sample of 587 WB tests, giving a high sensitivity and specificity (90.3% and 97.0%, respectively) and few indeterminate results (2.7%). These criteria classified correctly 96.3% of the sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our diagnostic criteria gave far better results in our population than the existing published criteria. This suggests that new criteria could be developed to improve WB interpretation in African settings.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. mahe@iarc.fr
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahé
authors.forename: Pontiano
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaleebu
authors.forename: Amato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojwiya
authors.forename: James A G
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Whitworth
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods*; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000097:blood; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015488:HIV Antigens; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; C067475:HIV-1 protein p31, Human immunodeficiency virus 1