title: Spatial task performance, sex differences, and motion sickness susceptibility.
abstract: There are substantial individual differences in susceptibility to motion sickness, yet little is known about what mediates these differences. Spatial ability and sex have been suggested as possible factors in this relationship. 89 participants (57 women) were administered a Motion Sickness Questionnaire that assesses motion sickness susceptibility, a Water-level Task that gauges sensitivity to gravitational upright, and a Mental Rotation Task that tests an individual's awareness of how objects typically move in space. Significant sex differences were observed in performance of both the Water-level Task (p<.01), and the Mental Rotation Task (p<.005), with women performing less accurately than men. Women also had significantly higher scores on the Motion Sickness Questionnaire (p<.005). Among men, but not women, significant negative relationships were observed between Water-level Task performance and Motion Sickness Questionnaire score (p<.001) and between Mental Rotation Task performance and Motion Sickness Questionnaire score (p<.005). In conclusion, women performed significantly more poorly than men did on the spatial ability tasks and reported significantly more bouts of motion sickness. In addition, men showed a significant negative relationship between spatial ability and motion sickness susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA. mell57@psu.edu
authors.forename: Max E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001076:Aptitude; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000523:psychology*; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012737:Sex Factors; D013028:Space Perception