title: Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some epidemiological data suggest that sex hormones may influence lung cancer risk, and estrogen receptors have been found in human non-small cell lung tumors. We assessed the relation of the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to the risk of lung cancer in our hospital-based Case-Control Surveillance Study, conducted in four US centers during 1976 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were 662 women aged 40 through 74 years with lung cancer and controls were 4671 women admitted for conditions unrelated to ERT use. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ERT use for at least 3 months compared to no use or use for less than 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OR for lung cancer among ERT users was 1.0 (95%CI 0.8-1.4), and it was 1.0 (95%CI 0.7-1.4) among users of conjugated estrogens only. Risk did not increase as the duration of use increased. Odds ratios for specific lung cancer cell types were not significantly increased or decreased for use of ERT or conjugated estrogens. There were non-significant increases for non-small cell types other than squamous, but there was no consistent pattern across duration of use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support an increased risk of lung cancer among women who use ERT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, Franklin Square Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Janine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: Patricia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Coogan
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Ann G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zauber
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langenberg
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology