title: Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of peptide enantiomers: study on chiral recognition by systematic evaluation of the influence of structural features of the chiral selectors on enantioselectivity.
abstract: All-R/all-S enantiomers of oligoalanines (Ala(n), n = 1-10) with N-terminal protection group have been separated by HPLC on chiral stationary phases based on various cinchona alkaloid selectors. Structure-enantioselectivity relationships derived by extensive selector structure optimization provided insights into binding mechanisms and chiral recognition. Their interpretation was supported by X-ray crystal structures of amino acid and dipeptide, respectively, in complex with chiral selector. Optimized selectors have bulky elements representing steric barriers and deep binding pockets that afforded very high enantioselectivities; e.g., for the all-R and all-S enantiomers of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)alanylalanine, an alpha-value of 20.0 (corresponding to deltadeltaG of -7.43 kJ/mol) was obtained with a chiral stationary phase based on 6'-(neopentoxy)-9-O-tert-butylcarbamoylcinchonidine. Further, a chiral stationary phase based on 1,4-bis(9-O-quinidinyl)phthalazine was able to distinguish between the all-R and all-S enantiomers of hepta- to decaalanine peptides with enantioselectivity values between 1.8 and 1.9, corresponding to deltadeltaG of -1.46 and -1.59 kJ/mol, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czerwenka
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lämmerhofer
authors.forename: Norbert M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lindner
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010455:Peptides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002930:Cinchona Alkaloids; D010455:Peptides; C019529:polyalanine