title: Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway influences neurite outgrowth of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway have been demonstrated to protect hair cells of the auditory system and different types of neurons from various insults, and their use for future therapeutic applications has been proposed. In the study, we evaluated the effects of inhibition of the JNK pathway on process outgrowth from spiral ganglion neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spiral ganglion explants from rats (postnatal days 3-5) that were cultured on laminin were treated with neurotrophin-3 and/or the JNK signaling pathway inhibitor CEP-11004. Both neurite length and number of the explants were evaluated and statistically analyzed by analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway reduced process outgrowth from spiral ganglion explants. The reduction, both in length and number of neurites, was reversed by the application of neurotrophin-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that an intact JNK signaling pathway is important for process outgrowth of spiral ganglion neurons. However, neurotrophin-3 stimulates process extension by a JNK independent pathway. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the JNK pathway can have adverse effects on the extension of spiral ganglion neurons, but that the negative effects can be ameliorated by appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bodmer
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gloddek
authors.forename: Allen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huverstuhl
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brors
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases