title: Relaxivity and diffusion of gadolinium agents in cartilage.
abstract: Prior work indicates that the distribution of Gd(DTPA)(2-) (as measured by T(1)) is a good surrogate measure of the distribution of gycosaminoglycan (GAG) in cartilage. In addition to the measured T(1) in the presence of Gd(DTPA)(2-), the precision of the measurement of Gd(DTPA)(2-) concentration depends on the T(1) without Gd(DTPA)(2-) (T(o)(1)), and the relaxivity (r) of Gd(DTPA)(2-) in cartilage, parameters that are influenced by cartilage composition. These parameters were measured in native and GAG-depleted cartilage in order to estimate the bounds on the values one might expect for cartilage in arbitrary states of degeneration. The range of T(o)(1) was 0.3 sec; the range of r was 0.6 (mM*s)(-1) at 8.5 T and 1.4 (mM*s)(-1) at 2 T. These data suggest that Gd(DTPA)(2-) will be underestimated (and GAG overestimated) if the values for T(o)(1) and r are assumed to be those of native cartilage. (For example, in a severe case a 90% loss of GAG would be underestimated as a 70% loss.) Gd(HPDO3A) was investigated as a nonionic "control agent" and found to have relaxivity and diffusion properties that were comparable to Gd(DTPA)(2-) (r(Gd(HPDO3A))/r(Gd(DTPA)) approximately 1; D(Gd(HPDO3A))/D(Gd(DTPA)) approximately 0.85). Since Gd(HPDO3A) distributes uniformly through cartilage (independent of GAG), the distribution of T(1) with Gd(HPDO3A) can be used as a surrogate measure of variations in T(o)(1) and r, if present. From the perspective of transport, if Gd(HPDO3A) has fully penetrated the cartilage, Gd(DTPA)(2-) would have in the same time frame. Therefore, the data confirm the efficacy of using Gd(HPDO3A) as a "control agent" for dGEMRIC.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D003287:Contrast Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C020341:glucosaminoglycans; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA