title: Temozolomide in malignant gliomas of childhood: a United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group and French Society for Pediatric Oncology Intergroup Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the response rate of the malignant gliomas of childhood to an oral, daily schedule of temozolomide.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, phase II evaluation of an oral, daily schedule of temozolomide (200 mg/m(2) on 5 consecutive days) was undertaken in children with relapsed or progressive, biopsy-proven, high-grade glioma (arm A) and progressive, diffuse, intrinsic brainstem glioma (arm B). Evidence of activity was defined by radiologic evidence of a sustained reduction in tumor size on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five patients were recruited (34 to arm A and 21 to arm B) and received 215 cycles of chemotherapy. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was the most frequent toxic event (7% of cycles). Prolonged myelosuppression resulted in significant treatment delays and dose reductions (17% and 22% of cycles, respectively). Two toxic deaths were documented and were related to myelosuppression and sepsis in one patient and pneumonia in a second. The overall (best) response rate was 12% for arm A (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 28 in the study cohort, and 2 to 31 for eligible patients) and 5% and 6%, respectively, for arm B (95% CI, 0 to 26 in the study cohort, and 0 to 27 for eligible patients). Stabilization of disease was also documented and was most noteworthy for brainstem gliomas, where two patients achieved both radiologic static disease and discontinued steroid medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite moderate toxicity, objective response rates to temozolomide have been low, indicating that temozolomide has minimal activity in the high-grade gliomas of childhood.
authors.affiliation: Christie National Health Service Trust, Manchester. llashford@crc.org.uk
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lashford
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiesse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jouvet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaspan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couanet
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ironside
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: A D J
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vassal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frappaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077204:Temozolomide; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide