title: Coronary calcification and predicted risk of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic men with hypercholesterolaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the relationship between coronary calcification and coronary risk assessed clinically in asymptomatic patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health screening clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 286 asymptomatic men aged 45-64 with plasma cholesterol >or= 6.5 mmol/l.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electron beam computed tomography to measure coronary calcium score.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Framingham equation was used to separate subjects into groups with either low 10-year risk of coronary artery disease (<or= 10%) or high 10-year risk (>or= 20%). Coronary calcium score was assessed in each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean log calcium score was significantly higher in the 97 high-risk men than in the 189 low-risk men (1.58 +/- 0.84 versus 1.00 +/- 0.85, < 0.001). Arithmetic means (158 versus 55), and the proportion with a score > 400 (11% versus 2%, p < 0.01) were also greater. However, 27% of the high-risk group had a low calcium score (<or= 10), which is known to be associated with minimal coronary artery disease assessed by angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one quarter of asymptomatic hypercholesterolaemic men aged 45 to 64 who have an estimated risk of coronary heart disease of >or= 20% in 10 years have minimal coronary calcification. They may therefore represent a subset at lower risk of disease. However, uncertainties about the predictive power of coronary calcification for coronary events must be resolved before electron beam computed tomography can be used to select high-risk patients for primary prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St Mary's, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Elkeles
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunlop
authors.forename: Gilbert R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuwirth
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rubens
authors.forename: S Richard
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Underwood
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000032:analysis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL