title: Orthotopic urinary diversion after cystectomy for bladder cancer: implications for cancer control and patterns of disease recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of orthotopic urinary diversion on the quality of cystectomy and ensuing cancer control has not been adequately studied. We analyzed our experience with this clinical problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 214 patients who underwent cystectomy and orthotopic diversion for bladder cancer were retrospectively evaluated and compared with those of 269 treated with an ileal conduit. Analyzed end points included overall and cancer specific survival. We specifically assessed the patterns of relapse and their association with pathological findings at cystectomy in the neobladder group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No cancer specific survival difference was identified in the neobladder and ileal conduit cohorts when adjusting for pathological stage. Patterns of relapse in 62 of the 214 patients with a neobladder (29%) included local recurrence in 23 (11%), distant recurrence in 19 (9%), and combined local and distant recurrence in 18 (8%). Urethral recurrence was rare (2%). Of 10 patients (4.6%) diagnosed with upper tract recurrence 6 and 4 initially had relapse in the ureteroenteric anastomosis and renal pelvis, respectively. Five of the 6 patients with anastomotic relapse had evidence of disease in the intramural or juxtavesical ureter that was removed en bloc with the cystectomy specimen. Only 1 patient required neobladder takedown after such anastomotic recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that neobladders do not compromise the quality of preceding cystectomy or interfere with management in the presence of local or distant disease relapse. Our data suggest that involvement of the intramural or juxtavesical ureteral segment at cystectomy irrespective of surgical margin status may identify patients at higher risk for anastomotic recurrence, which is associated with an ominous prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yossepowitch
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalbagni
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golijanin
authors.forename: S Machele
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donat
authors.forename: Bernard H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bochner
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods