title: Proinsulin processing in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat.
abstract: The biosynthesis and processing of proinsulin was investigated in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. Immunofluorescence microscopy comparing GK and Wistar control rat pancreata revealed marked changes in the distribution of alpha-cells and pronounced beta-cell heterogeneity in the expression patterns of insulin, prohormone convertases PC1, PC2, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) and the PC-binding proteins 7B2 and ProSAAS. Western blot analyses of isolated islets revealed little difference in PC1 and CPE expression but PC2 immunoreactivity was markedly lower in the GK islets. The processing of the PC2-dependent substrate chromogranin A was reduced as evidenced by the appearance of intermediates. No differences were seen in the biosynthesis and post-translational modification of PC1, PC2 or CPE following incubation of islets in 16.7 mM glucose, but incubation in 3.3 mM glucose resulted in decreased PC2 biosynthesis in the GK islets. The rates of biosynthesis, processing and secretion of newly synthesized (pro)insulin were comparable. Circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both Wistar and GK rats was predominantly insulin 1 and 2 in the expected ratios with no (pro)insulin evident. Thus, the marked changes in islet morphology and PC2 expression did not impact the rate or extent of proinsulin processing either in vitro or in vivo in this experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Guest
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Halim
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poitout
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amaria
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ostenson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hutton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D023421:Models, Animal; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051859:Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D045706:Proprotein Convertase 2; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051859:Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2; D009479:Neuropeptides; C403532:PCSK1N protein, human; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D011498:Protein Precursors; C497680:Scg5 protein, rat; D011384:Proinsulin; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D043423:Carboxypeptidase H; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D013381:Subtilisins; D045706:Proprotein Convertase 2; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases