title: Mechanism of action of the growth hormone secretagogue, L-692,585, on isolated porcine somatotropes.
abstract: The effects of a GH secretagogue, L-692,585 (L-585), and human GH-releasing hormone (hGHRH) on calcium transient and GH release were investigated in isolated porcine pituitary cells using calcium imaging and the reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). Somatotropes were functionally identified by the application of hGHRH. All cells that responded to hGHRH responded to L-585 application. Perfusion application of 10 microM hGHRH and L-585 for 2 min resulted in an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) of 53+/-1 nM (mean+/-S.E.M.) (P < 0.01) and 68+/-2 nM (P < 0.01) respectively. The L-585 response was characterized by an initial increase in [Ca(2+)](i) followed by a decline to a plateau level above the baseline. Concurrent calcium imaging with RHPA indicated that the L-585-evoked increase in [Ca(2+)](i) coincided with GH release. L-585 significantly increased the percentage of plaque-forming cells (24+/-3 vs 40+/-6%; P < 0.05) and mean area of plaques (1892+/-177 vs 3641+/-189 micro m(2); P < 0.01) indicating increased GH release. Substance P (SP) analogue ([d -Arg(1),d -Phe(5),d -Trp(7,11)]-SP) blocked, and the hGHRH receptor antagonist ((Phenylac-Tyr(1),d -Arg(2), p-chloro-Phe(6), Homoarg(9), Tyr (Me)(10), Abu(15), Nle(27),d -Arg(28), Homoarg(29))-GRF (1-29) amide) decreased the stimulatory effect of hGHRH. These failed to block the stimulatory effect of L-585, suggesting a different receptor for L-585 from the GHRH receptor. The hGHRH-induced calcium transients and initial peak increase induced by L-585 were significantly decreased by removal of calcium from the bathing medium or the addition of nifedipine, an L-calcium channel blocker. The plateau component of L-585-induced calcium change was abolished by removal of calcium and nifedipine. These results suggest an involvement of calcium channels in GH release. Either SQ-22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, or U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, blocked the stimulatory effects of hGHRH and L-585 on [Ca(2+)](i) transient, indicating the involvement of adenylate cyclase-cAMP and PLC-inositol triphosphate pathways. These results further suggested that calcium mobilization from internal stores during the first phase of the L-585 response induced an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) whereas calcium influx during the second phase is a consequence of somatotrope depolarization.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1098 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glavaski-Joksimovic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeftinija
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeremic
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeftinija
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006462:Hemolytic Plaque Technique; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010477:Perfusion; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013552:Swine; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D001552:Benzazepines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; C091588:L 692585; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D013777:Tetrazoles; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; C017759:9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D000225:Adenine; D002118:Calcium