title: Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation reduce oxidative stress-induced embryo toxicity and improve the blastocyst development rate.
abstract: To evaluate the adverse effects of exogenously induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mouse embryo development by using the 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA)-activated leukocyte model as a source of ROS, and to examine the protective effect of antioxidant supplementation (vitamin C and vitamin E). Prospective study. Research laboratory. Effects of ROS on the blastocyst development rate in the presence and absence of antioxidant supplementation. After incubation with the PMA-activated leukocyte supernatant, the median (25th, 75th percentile) rate of blastocyst development significantly decreased from 73% (60%, 80%) after 3 hours to 30% (20%, 40%) after 6 hours compared with control reactions (86% [80%, 100%]). Co-incubating the embryos with vitamin C (50 microM) and the PMA-activated supernatant significantly increased the blastocyst development rate from 73% (60%, 80%) to 90% (80%, 91%) at 3 hours and from 30% (20%, 40%) to 91% (89%, 91%) at 6 hours-a level similar to that of control reactions. The blastocyst development rate increased after vitamin E supplementation (400 microM) at 6 hours, but not significantly and not by as much as after vitamin C supplementation. Exposure of mouse embryos to ROS for extended periods results in embryotoxicity. Vitamin C is more effective than vitamin E in reversing ROS-induced mouse embryo toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attaran
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid