A preliminary evaluation of recombinant adeno-associated virus biodistribution in rhesus monkeys after intrahepatic inoculation in utero.
The ability to deliver genes to fetuses in utero may prove crucial for those genetic diseases that are associated with severe fetal morbidity and for which there is no effective postnatal therapy. In utero therapy may be especially useful in diseases that affect the central nervous system because the immature blood-brain barrier may facilitate gene delivery to neural target cells. We investigated whether in utero inoculation of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) into rhesus monkey fetuses would be a useful method of gene delivery, especially to the central nervous system. When the monkeys were sacrificed after birth, we found vector genomes distributed in many tissues, including the brain and peripheral blood. Pericapillary astrocytes expressing transgene products were detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we occasionally found vector genomes in the maternal blood. No adverse clinical or pathologic effects were observed in the inoculated monkeys. We concluded that (1) in utero intrahepatic inoculation of rAAV is a potentially safe and useful method of delivering genes to many fetal tissues; (2) astrocytes may be the cell type most easily targeted in the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic administration; and (3) the potential of inadvertent gene transfer to the mother must be considered.
Lai
Lihui
L
Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers road, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
Davison
Billie B
BB
Veazey
Ronald S
RS
Fisher
Krishna J
KJ
Baskin
Gary B
GB
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D004279:DNA, Viral; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins