title: Demolition of a hospital building by controlled explosion: the impact on filamentous fungal load in internal and external air.
abstract: The demolition of a maternity building at our institution provided us with the opportunity to study the load of filamentous fungi in the air. External (nearby streets) and internal (within the hospital buildings) air was sampled with an automatic volumetric machine (MAS-100 Air Samplair) at least daily during the week before the demolition, at 10, 30, 60, 90,120, 180, 240, 420, 540 and 660 min post-demolition, daily during the week after the demolition and weekly during weeks 2, 3 and 4 after demolition. Samples were duplicated to analyse reproducibility. Three hundred and forty samples were obtained: 115 external air, 69 'non-protected' internal air and 156 protected internal air [high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered air under positive pressure]. A significant increase in the colony count of filamentous fungi occurred after the demolition. Median colony counts of external air on demolition day were significantly higher than from internal air (70.2 cfu/m(3) vs 35.8 cfu/m(3)) (P < 0.001). Mechanical demolition on day +4 also produced a significant difference between external and internal air (74.5 cfu/m(3) vs 41.7 cfu/m(3)). The counts returned to baseline levels on day +11. Most areas with a protected air supply yielded no colonies before demolition day and remained negative on demolition day. The reproducibility of the count method was good (intra-assay variance: 2.4 cfu/m(3)). No episodes of invasive filamentous mycosis were detected during the three months following the demolition. Demolition work was associated with a significant increase in the fungal colony counts of hospital external and non-protected internal air. Effective protective measures may be taken to avoid the emergence of clinical infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. ebouza@microb.net
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peláez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Molina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alcalá
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adán
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bové
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Créixems
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vigil
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cuevas
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000391:Air Microbiology; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005107:Explosions; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000379:methods; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants