title: Green-leaf-derived C6-aroma compounds with potent antibacterial action that act on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
abstract: All eight C6-aliphatic alcohol and aldehyde compounds in naturally occurring green leaves showed bacteriostatic effects against Staphylococcus aureus IFO 12732, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli IFO 3301, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enteritidis, with bacteriostatic activities of less than 12.5 microg mL(-1). In this study, the susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria tested was observed to be greater than that of Gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidal action of the aldehyde compounds was found to be much stronger than that of the alcohol compounds under both liquid and gaseous conditions. The most effective compound was (3E)-hexenal at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microg mL(-1), which killed 2.1 x 10(5) cfu mL(-1) of S. aureus IFO 12732 and 1.4 x 10(5) cfu mL(-1) of E. coli IFO 3301, respectively, by direct contact with the compound. Lethality of (3E)-hexenal against S. aureus IFO 12732 and E. coli IFO 3301 was also observed as a result of gaseous contact at concentrations of 3 and 30 microg mL(-1), respectively. The bactericidal effects of 30 microg mL(-1) (3E)-hexenal were thoroughly maintained throughout periods of 2 days and 1 day against S. aureus IFO 12732 and E. coli IFO 3301, respectively, by a complex formation with alpha-cyclodextrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8550, Japan.soichiro@edu.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Akikazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005740:Gases; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects; D012996:Solutions; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000447:Aldehydes; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D005740:Gases; D012996:Solutions; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; C032613:alpha-cyclodextrin