title: Angiogenesis in the female reproductive organs: pathological implications.
abstract: The female reproductive organs (ovary, uterus, and placenta) are some of the few adult tissues that exhibit regular intervals of rapid growth. They also are highly vascular and have high rates of blood flow. Angiogenesis, or vascular growth, is therefore an important component of the growth and function of these tissues. As with many other tissues, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) appear to be major angiogenic factors in the female reproductive organs. A variety of pathologies of the female reproductive organs are associated with disturbances of the angiogenic process, including dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, endometriosis, failed implantation and subnormal foetal growth, myometrial fibroids (uterine leiomyomas) and adenomyosis, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ovarian carcinoma, and polycystic ovary syndrome. These pathologies are also associated with altered expression of VEGFs and/or FGFs. In the near future, angiogenic or antiangiogenic compounds may prove to be effective therapeutic agents for treating these pathologies. In addition, monitoring of angiogenesis or angiogenic factor expression may provide a means of assessing the efficacy of these therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105-5727, USA. Larry.Reynolds@ndsu.nodak.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Grazul-Bilska
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Redmer
mesh_terms: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000473:pathology*; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors