title: Chapter three: methodology of exposure modeling.
abstract: In this chapter, the concept of exposure assessment and its evolution is introduced, and evaluated by critically appraising the pertinent literature as it applies to exposures to Particulate Matter (PM). Exposure measurement or estimation methodologies and models are reviewed. Three exposure/measurement methodologies are assessed. Estimation methods focus on source evaluation and attribution, sources include those outdoors and indoors as well as in occupational and in-transit environments. Fate and transport models and their inputs are addressed to estimate concentrations outdoors and indoors; source attribution techniques help focus on the contributing sources. Activity pattern techniques are also reviewed and their use in exposure models to estimate inhalation exposure to PM is presented. Deterministic, regression and other stochastic models of exposure to PM are reviewed and evaluated. Strengths, limitations, assumptions and affirmations of the use of exposure assessment as an integral component of risk assessment and risk management are discussed in the conclusions and discussions section of this work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, llinois Institute of Technology. Chicago, IL 60616-3793, USA. djm@iit.edu
authors.forename: Demetrios J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moschandreas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Abreton
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scire
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Sumeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saksena
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009790:Occupations; D010316:Particle Size; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants