title: Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multifocal signal loss lesions (MSLLs) on T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GE) MRI are believed to be microbleeds histopathologically. Previous epidemiological studies suggested that low serum cholesterol is associated with the increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. We investigated risk factors of MSLLs and the relationship between lipid profiles and MSLLs on GE-MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included consecutively 172 patients who underwent brain MRI. MSLLs on GE-MRI were counted by 2 neurologists separately and graded by consensus. The concentrations of lipid profiles were categorized as quartiles, and the MSLLs were graded as absent (total count, 0), mild (1 to 2), moderate (3 to 10), and severe (>10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in patients with a severe degree of MSLLs than in those without MSLL (P<0.05). By multivariate analysis, MSLLs were significantly correlated with hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 3.42; 95% CI, 1.17 to 9.97), leukoaraiosis (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 2.87 to 7.41), the lowest quartile of serum total cholesterol (<4.27 mmol/L; OR, 10.91; 95% CI, 3.98 to 25.57), and the highest quartile of high-density lipoprotein (>1.47 mmol/L; OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.45 to 8.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that both the lipid profile levels and the severity of hypertension may be closely associated with MSLLs on GE-MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Byung-Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Eog
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Roh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol