title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cyclosporin-treated gingival fibroblasts is regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 autocrine stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect following the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood; however, recent studies show that CsA regulates the transcription of several cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TGF-beta1 in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, exploring a possible autocrine stimulation of TGF-beta1 as a cellular regulator of synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival fibroblasts from human normal gingiva were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA, cultured for 24 hours, and the expression and production of TGF-beta1 determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. MMP and TIMP mRNA expression levels were also analyzed by RT-PCR. To determine the effect of TGF-beta1 on the expression of MMP and TIMP by human gingival fibroblasts under CsA treatment, human gingival fibroblast cultures were treated with sense oligonucleotides (SON) or antisense oligonucleotides (AON).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CsA simultaneously stimulated TGF-beta1 expression and production and inhibited expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by human gingival fibroblasts, whereas CsA has a slight effect on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression. AON reduced TGF-beta1 production as demonstrated by ELISA, whereas TGF-beta1 mRNA expression levels were not significantly modified. The inhibition of TGF-beta1 production by AON modulated MMP expression, demonstrating the autocrine inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in CsA-treated human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented here suggest that TGF-beta1 in an autocrine fashion may contribute to a reduction of proteolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, which favors the accumulation of extracellular matrix.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Pathology, University of Campinas Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cotrim
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martelli-Junior
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graner
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sauk
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Coletta
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases