title: The increase of reactive oxygen species and their inhibition in an isolated guinea pig spinal cord compression model.
abstract: METHODS
  In vitro studies using isolated guinea pig spinal cord.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop an alternative model using isolated guinea pig spinal cord, which can be used to screen antioxidants for in vivo SCI treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compression injury was induced by a constant-displacement of 5-s compression of spinal cord using a modified forceps possessing a spacer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using three distinct methods: fluorescence microscopy, lipid peroxidation assay, and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury-mediated ROS increases are comparable with other in vivo studies and consistent with our previous observation using a similar injury model and measured with electrophysiological and anatomical technique. Further, ascorbic acid, hypothermia, or the combination of both significantly suppressed superoxide and lipid peroxidation. The combination treatment was the most effective when compared with ascorbic acid or hypothermia alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vitro model has the advantage of replicating some of the in vivo conditions while gaining the ability to control the experimental conditions. This in vitro model is suitable to study the mechanisms of ROS generation and degradation and can also be used to critically evaluate the effective suppressor of ROS in the contents of spinal cord traumatic injury.
authors.affiliation: Center for Paralysis Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D023421:Models, Animal; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010617:Phenanthridines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010617:Phenanthridines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C058428:hydroethidine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid