title: Targeting cardiovascular risk associated with both low density and high density lipoproteins using statin-niacin combination therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular risk might be reduced by targeted changes in both low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C). This dual strategy will require a well tolerated, effective regimen, as well as a better understanding of how HDL-C may be targeted.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, uncontrolled, retrospective cohort study of combined statin-niacin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all patients ( n= 132) started on this combination in a referral lipid clinic over a 6.5-year period for tolerability, safety and effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined therapy was tolerated by 77% of patients. No serious adverse events attributable to medication were encountered. In drug-naive patients (n = 37), moderate doses of statin and niacin (mean 1180 mg/day) reduced LDL-C 31% and increased HDL-C 29% ( P< 0.002, both comparisons). At niacin doses >or= 1000 mg/day (mean 1480) added to a constant statin regimen (n=29), HDL-C increased 20% ( P< 0.001). Even at niacin doses < 1000 mg/day (mean 580, n= 23), HDL-C increased 13% ( P< 0.05). Although mean HDL-C increased, the initial and final HDL-C distributions were broad and largely overlapping. Any chosen cutpoint for HDL-C goal would apply to only a minority of patients. The total/HDL cholesterol ratio had narrower distributions, as the percentage of patients with ratio < 5.0 increased from 17% to 67%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined statin-niacin therapy lowers LDL-C and raises HDL-C with acceptable tolerance and safety. If treating LDL-C is the primary goal, consistent with current guidelines, then a strategy of targeting the total/HDL cholesterol ratio as a secondary goal is applicable to more patients than targeting HDL-C itself.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Box 3510, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: W Lane
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Duvall
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blazing
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Guyton
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D009525:Niacin; D017035:Pravastatin