title: Treatment uptake by individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambia, West Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out what proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections are treated in rural Gambia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects from four villages in the Gambia were followed over nine months through visits to village health workers. Monthly cross-sectional malaria surveys measured the prevalence of P. falciparum infection. Linked databases were searched for treatment requests. Treated cases were individuals with parasitaemia who requested treatment during narrow or extended periods (14 or 28 days, respectively) before or after a positive blood film was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parasite prevalence peaked in November 1998, when 399/653 (61%) individuals had parasitaemia. Parasite prevalence was highest throughout the study in children aged 5-10 years. Although access to treatment was better than in most of sub-Saharan Africa, only 20% of infected individuals sought medical treatment up to 14 days before or after a positive blood film. Within two months of a positive blood film, 199/726 (27%) individuals with parasitaemia requested treatment. Despite easy access to health care, less than half (42%) of those with parasite densities consistent with malaria attacks (5000/ l) requested treatment. High parasite density and infection during October-November were associated with more frequent treatment requests. Self-treatment was infrequent in study villages: in 3/120 (2.5%) households antimalarial drugs had been used in the preceding malaria season.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many P. falciparum infections may be untreated because of their subclinical nature. Intermittent presumptive treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality. It is likely that not all untreated infections were asymptomatic. Qualitative research should explore barriers to treatment uptake, to allow educational interventions to be planned.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
authors.forename: Sian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Neâl
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Fandingding
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manneh
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walraven
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012423:Rural Health
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials