title: Generic number systems and haplotype analysis.
abstract: Three simple and elegant algorithms involving binary and mixed-radix numbers are presented as C subroutines and applied to gene-counting procedure. The first, a multikey radix-sorting subroutine, is used to tally individuals with similar genetic marker information. The second, a subroutine for N-ary number addition, is used to enumerate all possible phases of a heterozygote. The third, a mixed-radix number subroutine, is used to generate all haplotypes and indexing single array of haplotype frequencies. Examples exposing these algorithms are also given. The sorting algorithm entails broad application while the N-ary and mixed-radix number algorithms are very efficient for generic looping. Implementation of gene-counting using these algorithms avoids use of multilocus genotype identifier and improves its portability to other analysis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, London, UK. j.zhao@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jing Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Pak Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sham
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000483:Alleles; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers