title: Understanding intention to undergo colonoscopy among intermediate-risk siblings of colorectal cancer patients: a test of a mediational model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a need for research to identify factors influencing intentions to undergo colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among family members at risk for CRC. This study tested a mediational model primarily guided by Ronis' elaboration of the Health Belief Model in predicting intention to have colorectal cancer screening among siblings of individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer prior to age 56 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 534 siblings of individuals diagnosed with CRC. A baseline survey was administered by telephone. Measures included perceived susceptibility, CRC severity, physician and family support for CRC screening, cancer-specific distress, the closeness of the relationship with the affected sibling, and future intention to have a colonoscopy. Participant age, gender, and number of prior colonoscopies, as well as the stage of the affected patient's cancer and time from the patient's diagnosis to the interview, were controlled for in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed model was not a good fit to the data. A respecified model was fit to the data. In this model, physician support, family support, and sibling closeness were significantly associated with both perceived benefits and barriers. Perceived severity was associated with barriers. Benefits and barriers, as well as cancer-specific distress, were directly associated with colonoscopy intentions. Results were consistent with a mediational role for benefits and barriers in the associations of sibling closeness and with a mediational role for barriers in the association between perceived severity and colonoscopy intentions. Family and physician support impacted intentions both directly and indirectly through effects on benefits and barriers. Perceived risk was not associated with benefits, barriers, or colonoscopy intentions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intervention efforts to increase colonoscopy intentions may benefit from targeting family influences, particularly the affected proband in the family, as well as physician influence, cancer-related distress, perceived CRC severity, and perceived benefits and barriers to colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winawer
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guillem
authors.forename: Neal J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Meropol
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jandorf
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rakowski
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010465:Perception; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012307:Risk Factors; D012801:Sibling Relations; D035781:Siblings