title: Bacterial endocarditis and functional mitral stenosis: a report of two cases and brief literature review.
abstract: Mitral valve endocarditis typically results in mitral regurgitation. However, endocarditis leading to functional mitral stenosis is uncommon and, when present, fungal organisms are typically implicated. Thus, obstructive-type bacterial endocarditis due to large vegetations blocking the mitral valve orifice is a rare occurrence, with approximately 20 reported cases in the literature. We report on two patients with bacterial endocarditis and severe functional mitral stenosis requiring emergent surgery. Additionally, this is the first report of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus causing endocarditis and functional mitral stenosis. The discussion emphasizes the hemodynamic instability of these patients and need for early surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Irving Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Tiong
authors.forename: Gian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Novaro
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smedira
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Penn
mesh_terms: D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000209:etiology*