title: Thalamic proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vegetative state induced by traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), a newer radiographic technology, would be useful in the evaluation of the thalamus of patients in vegetative states resulting from traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 victims of severe traumatic brain injury who were in the vegetative state and whose magnetic resonance images of the thalamus were normal underwent bilateral thalamic proton (MRS) studies. The N-acetyl aspartate to creatine (NAA:Cr) and choline to creatine (Cho:Cr) ratios were obtained for each patient. The proton thalamic MRS findings of patients who were in a persistent vegetative state (n = 8) and in patients who had regained awareness after being in the vegetative state (n = 6) were compared with proton thalamic MRS findings in five healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While conventional magnetic resonance imaging suggested that each patient had a normal thalamus, proton MRS indicated that the thalamus of each patient in the series was damaged. The NAA:Cr ratio was significantly lower in the thalami of both the patients who remained in a persistent vegetative state for the duration of the study and in those who regained awareness after being in the vegetative state (p < 0.001). In addition, NAA:Cr ratios were lower in the group of patients who remained in a persistent vegetative state than in the group of patients who regained awareness after being in the vegetative state (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the NAA:Cr ratio within the thalamus is significant and that thalamic MRS may be helpful when attempting to determine the degree of severity of neuronal and axonal injury in patients in the vegetative state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, PO Box 5, Cerrahpasa 34301, Istanbul, Turkey. uzan@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albayram
authors.forename: S G R
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dashti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuday
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011522:Protons; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D013788:Thalamus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline