title: [Sperm retrieval methods and pregnancy outcome of 100 azoospermia patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the retrospective treatment results of the azoospermia patients during January 2001 to January 2002 in the fertility center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred males attempted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle for treatment of azoospermia. All patients were undergone sperm retrieval by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) while their wives received conventional ovarian hyperstimulation. The hormone levels, testicular histology, the rates of sperm retrieval, fertilization, implantation and pregnancy were analysed and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm were retrieved by PESA in 76 of 100 (76%) and by TESE in 23 of 100 (23%) men of azoospermia. The fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 71.3%, 20.35% and 42.11% respectively in PESA group, and 75.18%, 22.05% and 41.60% respectively in TESA group. Thirty-two clinical pregnancies were achieved with 15 ongoing pregnancies and subsequent live delivery for 15 cases in PESA group, and 2 cases of miscarriage, while 10 clinical pregnancies were achieved with 6 ongoing pregnancies, 2 cases of live delivery and 2 cases of miscarriage in TESA group. One case failed to retrieve sperm by TESE and canceled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormonal levels and testicular histology are unable to predict which men with azoospermia will have sperm retrieved by PESA and TESE. PESA and TESE with ICSI are effective methods to treat azoospermia. There were no significant differences in fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy rate between two groups.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Research Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Guang-Lun
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Can-Quan
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chang-Xi
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yi-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Qian-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Min-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone