title: [General metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is rare. Together with epithelial dysplasia of the conjunctiva the incidence is reported to be 1.9 per 100,000 population and year. After adequate therapy total cure is often achieved. Generalised metastases are however extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case of a 71-year old white male patient is presented. Because of a recurrent conjunctival tumour in his right eye local resections had to be performed. The histopathological diagnosis was epithelial dysplasia. After a 3-year history a squamous cell carcinoma developed. In spite of multiple operations total excision of the tumour could not be achieved. Exenteration was refused by the patient. After radiotherapy of the orbit a temporary improvement was observed. However, 9 years later the patient died of general metastases to the long bones, the spine, and the ribs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological examination of material obtained during hemilaminectomy of the vertebrate bodies 8 and 9 confirmed the diagnosis of metastases of a squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although extremely rare, general metastases after squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva must be kept in mind. This has to be considered when obtaining informed consent of the patient, planning adequate therapy and follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Klinikum Hannover Nordstadt. burkhard.wiechens.norstadt@klinikum-hannover.de
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiechens
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swensson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012086:Reoperation; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery