title: Three-dimensional localization of sentinel lymph nodes using combined emission and transmission SPECT data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With conventional planar imaging, preoperative anatomic localization of a sentinel lymph node is possible in only two dimensions. To improve spatial localization of sentinel lymph nodes, a dual-head camera equipped with a transmission source was used to create combined transmission-emission SPECT images in a patient with a malignant melanoma of the left forearm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymph node scintigraphy was performed after injection of Tc-99m-labeled nanocolloid around the tumor site 1 day before operation. SPECT was performed using a gamma camera equipped with a transmission collimator system originally designed to correct attenuation. Transmission and emission images were created simultaneously, matched, and displayed in three dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the combined emission-transmission images, the sentinel lymph node was clearly located in the left axilla. The lymph nodes could be identified during operation at the same location as that detected by SPECT. Based on preoperative information, the sentinel lymph node was identified rapidly and the extent and duration of the operation were minimized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method provides better anatomic information, especially in deep structures such as the axilla or pelvis. With accurate three-dimensional preoperative information, intraoperative access is quicker and less invasive for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany. lerchh@klinikum-wuppertal.de
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jigalin
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gasthaus
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunze
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mainusch
authors.forename: Percy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001365:Axilla; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods