title: Association of Gly82Ser polymorphism in the RAGE gene with diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic Asian Indian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The binding of advanced glycation end products (AGE) to the receptor induces cellular oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction and this is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the frequency of Gly82Ser polymorphism in exon 3 of the receptor for AGE (RAGE) gene and its association with DR in Asian Indian patients who have type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 Asian Indian patients with at least 15-year duration of type II diabetes were identified. This group included (1) 100 patients with retinopathy (DR) and (2) 100 patients without retinopathy (DNR). Fifty unrelated healthy controls (CT) were also included in the study. Genotype frequencies of Gly82Ser polymorphism were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using AluI enzyme. Later, the nucleotide change was confirmed by DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the Ser82 allele was significantly higher, 18% in the DNR group compared to 7% in the DR group (P=.03). The same genotype was 2% in the CT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our result suggests that Ser82 allele in the receptor for AGE gene is a low-risk allele for developing DR in Asian Indian patients who have type II diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Chennai-600 006, India. drgkkm.sankaranethralaya.org
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumaramanickavel
authors.forename: Vedam Lakshmi
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Ramprasad
authors.forename: Sarangapani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sripriya
authors.forename: Neelam Kumari
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Upadyay
authors.forename: Pradeep George
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D001794:Blood Pressure; D017931:DNA Primers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D012694:Serine; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D005998:Glycine; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D012694:Serine