title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism may influence blood loss in a geriatric population undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is associated with perioperative blood loss in hip arthroplasty in a geriatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of subjects consecutively undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A department of orthopedic surgery in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred five patients, mean age +/- standard deviation 68.6 +/- 10.4, undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. Decrement of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) was calculated as the difference between the preoperative and the lowest postoperative value, measured 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery. Total blood loss was calculated as the sum of intra- and postoperative blood loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients carrying the deletion homozygous and insertion/deletion heterozygous genotypes of the ACE gene show a higher decrement of Hb (P <.01) and Ht (P <.01) and higher total blood loss (P <.007) after hip surgery than subjects carrying the insertion (II) homozygous. The role of ACE gene polymorphism seems hypertension independent. Logistic regression analysis showed that II genotype reduces total blood loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest study evaluating the distribution of ACE gene genotypes in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty and the first investigating the association between bleeding and ACE gene polymorphism. Our data suggest that II genotype is associated with lower total blood loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaetani
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Pierangelo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papaleo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flex
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aloi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoliquido
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pola
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D030161:Avian Proteins; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C077008:insertin protein, chicken; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A