title: Immune complexes from SLE sera induce IL10 production from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by an FcgammaRII dependent mechanism: implications for a possible vicious cycle maintaining B cell hyperactivity in SLE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Raised interleukin (IL)6 and IL10 levels are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by enhancing autoantibody production and immune complex (IC) formation. These immune complexes can then stimulate cellular reactions through Fc and complement receptors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether circulating SLE ICs stimulate type 2 cytokine production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty serum samples from patients with active SLE were compared with sera from 18 healthy controls. Sera and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates from sera were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, and the production of IL10 and IL6 was investigated by enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fc gamma receptor (FcgammaR) antibodies were used in blocking experiments, and flow cytometry was used to assess the correlation between monocyte FcgammaR expression and IC-induced cytokine production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten per cent dilutions of the SLE sera induced a significantly increased number of IL10-producing cells in comparison with control sera (median, 11.75 v 1.25 spot forming cells/50 000 PBMC; p<0.0001). PEG precipitates from SLE sera also induced significantly increased levels of IL10 (p=0.016) and IL6 (p=0.042) in comparison with control PEG precipitates. IL10 production induced by SLE PEG precipitates or by artificial ICs could be blocked by anti-FcgammaRII antibodies, and the FcgammaRII expression on CD14+ monocytes correlated with the IC-induced production of IL10 and IL6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLE sera stimulate IL10 and IL6 production from PBMC, and this effect is at least partly explained by precipitable ICs acting through FcgammaRII. This effect provides a possible mechanism for the enhanced production of IL10 in SLE, whereby B cell activation, antibody production, IC stimulated monocytes/macrophages, and type 2 cytokines create a vicious cycle that may help to maintain B cell hyperactivity in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. johan.ronnelid@klinimm.uu.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rönnelid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tejde
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mathsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson-Ekdahl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; C406563:IgG2c receptor; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D016753:Interleukin-10