title: A coulometric method for determining substances that interfere with the measurement of water in oils and other chemicals by the Karl Fischer method.
abstract: In order to fulfill a need to measure water in crude oils containing materials that interfere with the measurement of water by the Karl Fischer method, by reacting with iodine or iodide, a coulometric method has been developed and validated using 0.1 mol L(-1) Sodium thiosulfate as a calibrant. These interfering substances were measured in water-mass-equivalents, which were expressed as the mass of water that reacts with an equal mass of iodine in the Karl Fischer method. The SO(2)-free reagent that has been modified reacts quantitatively with sodium thiosulfate, cysteine and ascorbic acid but does not react with vinyl acetate. The level of interfering substances was measured in five transformer oils (including Reference Materials RM 8506 and RM 8507), a high and a low sulfur crude oil (Standard Reference Materials SRM 2721 and SRM 2722 respectively), a white oil, a high-vacuum oil and a high-viscosity base-stock oil. One oil contained less than 10 mg kg(-1) (water-mass-equivalents of interfering substances in oil) and two oils (RM 8507 and Drakeol 35) contained no measurable amount of interfering material (<0.2 mg kg(-1)). SRM 2271, a sour crude oil contained 834 mg kg(-1) (standard deviation (SD)=25 mg kg(-1)) (water-mass-equivalents of interfering substances in oil). Approximately 20% of this material was volatile and an additional 20% appeared to undergo some degradation (possibly oxidation) once the oil was exposed to air. These results indicate that this is a general method for measuring substances in oils that react with iodine and that it is capable of measuring in a variety of oils, using commercial instrumentation, interfering substances that inflate water measurements.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. sam.margolis@nist.gov
authors.forename: Sam A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park