Molecular tracking of antigen-specific T cell clones in neurological immune-mediated disorders.
T cells recognizing self or microbial antigens may trigger or reactivate immune-mediated diseases. Monitoring the frequency of specific T cell clonotypes to assess a possible link with the course of disease has been a difficult task with currently available technology. Our goal was to track individual candidate pathogenic T cell clones, selected on the basis of previous extensive studies from patients with immune-mediated disorders of the CNS, including multiple sclerosis, HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis. We developed and applied a highly specific and sensitive technique to track single CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell clones through the detection and quantification of T cell receptor (TCR) alpha or beta chain complementarity-determining region 3 transcripts by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. We examined the frequency of the candidate pathogenic T cell clones in the peripheral blood and CSF during the course of neurological disease. Using this approach, we detected variations of clonal frequencies that appeared to be related to clinical course, significant enrichment in the CSF, or both. By integrating clonotype tracking with direct visualization of antigen-specific staining, we showed that a single T cell clone contributed substantially to the overall recognition of the viral peptide/MHC complex in a patient with HAM/TSP. T cell clonotype tracking is a powerful new technology enabling further elucidation of the dynamics of expansion of autoreactive or pathogen-specific T cells that mediate pathological or protective immune responses in neurological disorders.
Muraro
Paolo A
PA
Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, MD 20892-1400, USA. murarop@ninds.nih.gov
Wandinger
Klaus-Peter
KP
Bielekova
Bibiana
B
Gran
Bruno
B
Marques
Adriana
A
Utz
Ursula
U
McFarland
Henry F
HF
Jacobson
Steve
S
Martin
Roland
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001898:Borrelia; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002999:Clone Cells; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019672:Genes, T-Cell Receptor; D006801:Humans; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D017931:DNA Primers; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes