title: E. coli expression of TIMP-4 and comparative kinetic studies with TIMP-1 and TIMP-2: insights into the interactions of TIMPs and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (gelatinase A).
abstract: The inhibitory properties of TIMP-4 for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were compared to those of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Full-length human TIMP-4 was expressed in E. coli, folded from inclusion bodies, and the active component was purified by MMP-1 affinity chromatography. Progress curve analysis of MMP inhibition by TIMP-4 indicated that association rate constants (k(on)) and inhibition constants (K(i)) were similar to those for other TIMPs ( approximately 10(5) M(-)(1) s(-)(1) and 10(-)(9)-10(-)(12) M, respectively). Dissociation rate constants (k(off)) for MMP-1 and MMP-3 determined using alpha(2)-macroglobulin to capture MMP dissociating from MMP-TIMP complexes were in good agreement with values deduced from progress curves ( approximately 10(-)(4) s(-)(1)). K(i) and k(on) for the interactions of TIMP-1, -2, and -4 with MMP-1 and -3 were shown to be pH dependent. TIMP-4 retained higher reactivity with MMPs at more acidic conditions than either TIMP-1 or TIMP-2. Molecular interactions of TIMPs and MMPs investigated by IAsys biosensor analysis highlighted different modes of interaction between proMMP-2-TIMP-2 (or TIMP-4) and active MMP-2-TIMP-2 (or TIMP-4) complexes. The observation that both active MMP-2 and inactive MMP-2 (with the active site blocked either by the propeptide or a hydroxamate inhibitor) have essentially identical affinities for TIMP-2 suggests that there are two TIMP binding sites on the hemopexin domain of MMP-2: one with high affinity that is involved in proMMP-2 or hydroxamate-inhibited MMP-2; and the other with low affinity involved in formation of the complex of active MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Similar models of interaction may apply to TIMP-4. The latter low-affinity site functions in conjunction with the active site of MMP-2 to generate a tight enzyme-inhibitor complex.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London, W6 8LH UK.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Troeberg
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wait
authors.forename: Yeunian E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brew
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017510:Protein Folding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D000097792:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4