title: Genetic dissection of the cellular pathways and signaling mechanisms in modeled tumor necrosis factor-induced Crohn's-like inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Recent clinical evidence demonstrated the importance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the development of Crohn's disease. A mouse model for this pathology has previously been established by engineering defects in the translational control of TNF mRNA (Tnf(Delta)(ARE) mouse). Here, we show that development of intestinal pathology in this model depends on Th1-like cytokines such as interleukin 12 and interferon gamma and requires the function of CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Tissue-specific activation of the mutant TNF allele by Cre/loxP-mediated recombination indicated that either myeloid- or T cell-derived TNF can exhibit full pathogenic capacity. Moreover, reciprocal bone marrow transplantation experiments using TNF receptor-deficient mice revealed that TNF signals are equally pathogenic when directed independently to either bone marrow-derived or tissue stroma cell targets. Interestingly, TNF-mediated intestinal pathology was exacerbated in the absence of MAPKAP kinase 2, yet strongly attenuated in a Cot/Tpl2 or JNK2 kinase-deficient genetic background. Our data establish the existence of redundant cellular pathways operating downstream of TNF in inflammatory bowel disease, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of selective kinase blockade in TNF-mediated intestinal pathology.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Al. Fleming," Vari 166-72, Greece. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22906, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontoyiannis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boulougouris
authors.forename: Menelaos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manoloukos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Armaka
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apostolaki
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotlyarov
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaestel
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsichlis
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cominelli
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kollias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases