title: Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in gingival fibroblasts of cyclosporin A-treated patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat various autoimmune diseases. CsA-induced gingival overgrowth (CsA GO) is the most widely seen side effect of this drug; its pathogenesis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and compare matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in gingival fibroblast cultures of tissues derived from renal transplant patients receiving CsA and exhibiting gingival overgrowth and from periodontally healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival overgrowth samples were obtained from patients undergoing therapy with CsA, and control tissues were obtained from systemically healthy donors. Gingival fibroblasts were grown using explant cultures. Three different study groups were identified: 1) CsA GO fibroblast culture; 2) CsA-treated healthy gingival fibroblast culture (H+CsA); and 3) healthy gingival fibroblast culture (H). The levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in these groups of gingival fibroblasts were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of TIMP-1 were significantly lower in CsA GO than H (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of MMP-1 between H and CsA GO (P = 0.505). The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 was significantly higher in CsA GO than H (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that CsA therapy does not have a significant effect on MMP-1 levels. However, low TIMP-1 levels can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of CsA GO, since the balance between MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels was changed by CsA.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey. gtuter@tr.net
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tüter
authors.forename: Muhittin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Serdar
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yalim
authors.forename: Ismet S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gürhan
authors.forename: Köksal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baloş
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1