title: Calculation of the minimum number of replicate spots required for detection of significant gene expression fold change in microarray experiments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present statistical methods for determining the number of per gene replicate spots required in microarray experiments. The purpose of these methods is to obtain an estimate of the sampling variability present in microarray data, and to determine the number of replicate spots required to achieve a high probability of detecting a significant fold change in gene expression, while maintaining a low error rate. Our approach is based on data from control microarrays, and involves the use of standard statistical estimation techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After analyzing two experimental data sets containing control array data, we were able to determine the statistical power available for the detection of significant differential expression given differing levels of replication. The inclusion of replicate spots on microarrays not only allows more accurate estimation of the variability present in an experiment, but more importantly increases the probability of detecting genes undergoing significant fold changes in expression, while substantially decreasing the probability of observing fold changes due to chance rather than true differential expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.blackma@stat.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Doerge
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics