title: Cellular and cytokine immunoregulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different forms of chronic airway inflammation may involve diverse pathogenic elements. In general, deficient defence response is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas distorted immunoregulatory mechanisms lead to development of asthmatic symptoms. In addition to diverse effector mechanisms, the cellular and humoral elements participating in the development of immune response may appear to be different in COPD and bronchial asthma (BA) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of T cells and monocytes in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to determine the chosen cytokine profiles in COPD and BA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microcultures of PBMC from COPD and BA patients were assessed for the T-cell response to mitogens, saturation of interleukin (IL)-2 receptors, T-cell suppressive activity and monokine influence on lymphocyte proliferation. Concomitantly, the cytokine (IL-1beta, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8) concentrations were determined in the serum, the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and in the culture supernatants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T-lymphocyte reactions (response to phytohaemagglutinin, IL-2 receptor saturation, suppressive activity) were lower in BA patients than in COPD patients. Reversely, the immunogenic activity of monocytes (IL-1beta versus IL-1ra production) was higher in BA patients than in COPD patients. The highest values of cytokine concentrations were found in the culture supernatants. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher and the concentration of IL-1ra was lower in BA patients than in COPD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessments of cellular immunoregulatory properties and cytokine profiles in the cultures of blood mononuclear cells may prove helpful for diagnostic and therapeutic discrimination between BA and COPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Microwave Safety, Immunology Laboratory, 00909 Warsaw, Szaserów 128, Poland. wanda_stankiewicz@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.forename: Marek P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dabrowski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chcialowski
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plusa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4