title: Effects of gentamicin, lipopolysaccharide, and contrast media on immortalized proximal tubular cells.
abstract: Aminoglycosides are widely used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Gentamicin (GE) acts mainly in proximal tubular cells, where it is uptake via organic anion transport system and it induces a high incidence of nephrotoxicity, which is characterized by tubular necrosis [5] leading to acute renal failure in 10 to 50% of patients. Gram-negative bacteria has lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is an endotoxin that cause renal damage. [1] Moreover, many patients are undergone exams using radiologic contrast, which is a risk factor to induce a hemodynamic change in the kidney and to develop acute renal failure. [6] Intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i is involved in renal cellular injury [7,3] and maybe mediate the effects provoked by these drugs. This study was performed to evaluate necrosis, apoptosis, and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) in LLC-PK1 (epithelial cell line from pig kidney) induced by GE associated with LPS and a low-osmolality media, Hexabrix (HE).
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil. Adelaide@nefro.com.br
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009336:Necrosis; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D005839:Gentamicins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002118:Calcium; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid