title: Video urodynamics using transrectal ultrasonography for lower urinary tract symptoms in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the properties of lower urinary tract disorders in women, we evaluated 60 female patients with lower urinary tract disorders or symptoms of recurrent cystitis by free uroflowmetry and video urodynamics using transrectal ultrasonography (VU-TRUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of urodynamic studies or symptoms of stress incontinence were used to divide 60 women into 7 normal controls and 53 with voiding dysfunctions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal controls, VU-TRUS showed that the mean posterior urethrovesical angle and anteroposterior diameter of the proximal urethra at maximum flow was 151.4 degrees and 4.9 mm, respectively. In patients with voiding dysfunction, VU-TRUS during voiding revealed various urethral abnormalities, including 16 detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, 4 detrusor bladder neck dyssynergia, and 13 insufficient opening of the entire urethra. VU-TRUS also showed pelvic floor abnormalities, including 24 urethral hypermobilities (group 1) and 11 cystoceles (group 2). Eighteen patients had neither urethral hypermobility nor cystocele (group 3). Major pressure-flow abnormalities in the 53 patients with voiding dysfunctions were weak detrusor (72%) and/or bladder outlet obstruction (25%). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the pressure-flow abnormalities among the three groups. However, the mean values of abdominal pressure at maximum flow of group 1 (20.9 cm H(2)O) and group 2 (17.9 cm H(2)O) were significantly higher than that of group 3 (6.3 cm H(2)O; each P < 0.05). The mean values of residual urine volume of group 2 (60.8 mL) and group 3 (77.6 mL) were significantly higher than that of group 1 (23.5 mL; each P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The symptoms of women with lower urinary tract disorders were frequently accompanied by urethral and/or pelvic floor abnormalities during voiding that were clearly detected by VU-TRUS. VU-TRUS is useful for objective evaluation of female lower urinary tract symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, East Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital, Japan. a_tosaka@dl.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosaka
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murota-Kawano
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014743:Videotape Recording