title: [Intracanalicular trabeculostomy with the Er:YAG laser].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new ab externo technique for glaucoma trabecular surgery using the infrared Er:YAG laser radiation (2.9 micrometer) guided into Schlemm's canal by an optical fiber.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to create a drainage canal to the anterior chamber, a quartz fiber (core diameter: 100 micrometer) coupled to an Er:YAG laser was shielded by a metal canula (diameter: 280 micrometer) bent in conformance to the curvature of Schlemm's canal. A 45 degrees -mirror enabled the laser radiation to exit the canula perpendicular to the fiber axis. The complete surgery device was tested on agar medium and enucleated human eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the unshielded quartz fiber, eight pulses of 8 mJ (frequency: 7 Hz, pulse duration: 150 microseconds) were sufficient to perforate the trabecular meshwork of the human eye. Histology showed a rippled canal with 50 micrometer average diameter and a surrounding necrosis zone of 15-35 micrometer. The complete device could be easily inserted into Schlemm's canal similar to the classic trabeculostomy probe and a conical-shaped canal with a length of 2-3 mm could be created in agar medium within a few seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial experience in an experimental set-up show the ab externo creation of a draining canal between Schlemm's canal and the anterior chamber with only minimal irritation of the surrounding tissue. Further refinements of the laser parameters and the biomechanical set-up resulted in a new hand-held device with improved function. The Er:YAG laser intracanalicular trabeculostomy could become a new ab externo technique for minimal invasive therapy of open angle glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Augenklinik, Germany. yvonne.hesse@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kampmeier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bentele
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hibst
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000473:pathology; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*