title: The carotid artery as a noninvasive window for cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy individuals.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. Because the etiologies are related to alteration of arterial wall properties, the noninvasive evaluation could help the presymptomatic diagnosis and potentially the prevention of future events. Ultrasound (US) is currently the only modality to image the arterial wall in real-time with sufficient resolution to allow for observation of its morphological, hemodynamic and elastic properties. Increased wall thickness and atheromatous plaques of carotid arteries are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Also, carotid Doppler waveforms and wall elasticity may have associations with arterial health. Although evaluation of these arterial properties are currently limited to the research laboratories, most of such properties can be evaluated in the standard setting of carotid ultrasonography. This article reviews "potential" utilities of carotid US evaluation for cardiovascular risk assessment in apparently healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. nagaiy@medone.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: E Jeffrey
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Metter
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography