title: Hepatic resection and percutaneous ethanol injection as treatments of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP 08) retrospective case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are usually treated with hepatic resection or percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of hepatic resection versus PEI on survival in a matched case-control study. STUDY Patients with single-nodule HCC (<or=5 cm) who were treated with hepatic resection (cases) or PEI (controls) were eligible. Matching criteria were date of diagnosis, Child-Pugh stage, and age at diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the control group was drawn weighing each stratum by the inverse of its size. Treatments were compared by a stratified Cox's model, adjusted by CLIP score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 912 patients, 197 were eligible and 82 (17 cases and 65 controls) were matched, creating 17 strata. Nine (53%) cases and 41 (63%) controls died. Cox model showed no survival difference between the two groups; hazard ratio of PEI versus hepatic resection was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.43-2.52). One- and 3-year survival rates in the hepatic resection and PEI groups were 82% versus 91% and 63% versus 65%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with small HCC treated with hepatic resection or PEI have similar survival rates. In view of the higher cost and morbidity of hepatic resection, a prospective randomized study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Oncologia Medica B, Oncologia Chirurgica CM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daniele
authors.forename: Ilario
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreana
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aiello
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallone
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Giovan Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pignata
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol