title: Ultrastructure and properties of Paecilomyces lilacinus spores.
abstract: Strains of the filamentous soil fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus are currently being developed for use as biological control agents against root-knot, cyst, and other plant-parasitic nematodes. The inoculum applied in the field consists mainly of spores. This study was undertaken to examine the size, ultrastructure, and rodlet layers of P. lilacinus spores and the effect of the culture method on structural and functional spore properties. A rodlet layer was identified on aerial spores only. Other differences noted between aerial spores and those produced in submerged culture included the size and appearance of spores and thickness of spore coat layers when examined with transmission electron microscopy. The two spore types differed in UV tolerance, with aerial spores being less sensitive to environmentally relevant UV radiation. Also, viability after drying and storage was better with the aerial spores. Both spore types exhibited similar nematophagous ability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. rholland@rna.bio.mq.edu.au
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Gunasekera
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K M H
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010143:Paecilomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays