title: Spatial distribution of leaf morphological and physiological characteristics in relation to local radiation regime within the canopies of 3-year-old Populus clones in coppice culture.
abstract: Spatial distributions of leaf characteristics relevant to photosynthesis were compared within high-density coppice canopies of Populus spp. of contrasting genetic origin. We studied three clones representative of the range in growth potential, leaf morphology, coppice and canopy structure: Clone Hoogvorst (Hoo) (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray x Populus deltoides Bartr. & Marsh), Clone Fritzi Pauley (Fri) (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) and Clone Wolterson (Wol) (Populus nigra L.). Leaf area index ranged from 2.7 (Fri and Wol) to 3.8 (Hoo). The clones exhibited large vertical variation in leaf area density (0.02-1.42 m2 m-3). Leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (DM(A)) increased with increasing light in Clones Hoo and Fri, from about 56 g m-2 at the bottom of the canopy to 162 g m-2 at the top. In Clone Wol, DM(A) varied only from 65 to 100 g m-2, with no consistent relationship with respect to light. Conversely, nitrogen concentration on a mass basis was nearly constant (around 1.3-2.1%) within the canopies of Clones Hoo and Fri, but increased strongly with light in Clone Wol, from 1.4% at the bottom of the canopy to 4.1% at the top. As a result, nitrogen per unit leaf area (N(A)) increased with light in the canopies of all clones, from 0.9 g m-2 at the bottom to 2.9 g m-2 at the top. Although a single linear relationship described the dependence of maximum carboxylation rate (17-93 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1) or electron transport capacity (45-186 micromol electrons m-2 s-1) on N(A), for all clones, Clone Wol differed from Clones Hoo and Fri by exhibiting a higher dark respiration rate at low N(A) (1.8 versus 0.8 micromol CO2 m-2 s-1).
authors.affiliation: University of Antwerp, UIA, Department of Biology Universiteitsplein 1, Belgium. eric.casella@forestry.gsi.gov.uk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceulemans
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D032107:Populus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D013472:Sunlight; D014197:Trees / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen