title: Entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi inhibits host insect molting by C22-oxidizing inactivation of hemolymph ecdysteroids.
abstract: The entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi reportedly secretes a proteinaceous substance inhibiting larval molt and metamorphosis in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We studied the possibility that N. rileyi controls B. mori development by inactivating hemolymph molting hormone, ecdysteroids. Incubation of ecdysone (E) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in fungal-conditioned medium resulted in their rapid modification into products with longer retention times in reverse-phase HPLC. Each modified product from E and 20E was purified by HPLC, and identified by NMR as 22-dehydroecdysone and 22-dehydro-20-hydroxyecdysone. Some other ecdysteroids with a hydroxyl group at position C22 were also modified. Injection of the fungal-conditioned medium into Bombyx mori larvae in the mid-4th instar inhibited larval molt but induced precocious pupal metamorphosis, and its injection into 5th instar larvae just after gut purge blocked pupal metamorphosis. In hemolymph of injected larvae, E and 20E disappeared and, in turn, 22-dehydroecdysone and 22-dehydro-20-hydroxyecdysone accumulated. These results indicate that N. rileyi secretes a specific enzyme that oxidizes the hydroxyl group at position C22 of hemolymph ecdysteroids and prevents molting in B. mori larvae.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiuchi
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000469:parasitology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D026461:Ecdysteroids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018978:Molting; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D026461:Ecdysteroids; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical