title: Development of the ASQoL: a quality of life instrument specific to ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although disease-specific health status measures are available for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), no instrument exists for assessing quality of life (QoL) in the condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To produce an AS-specific QoL measure that would be relevant and acceptable to respondents, valid, and reliable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ASQoL employs the needs-based model of QoL and was developed in parallel in the UK and the Netherlands (NL). Content was derived from interviews with patients in each country. Face and content validity were assessed through patient field test interviews (UK and NL). A postal survey in the UK produced a more efficient version of the ASQoL, which was tested for scaling properties, reliability, internal consistency, and validity in a further postal survey in each country.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 41 item questionnaire was derived from interview transcripts. Field testing interviews confirmed acceptability. Rasch analysis of data from the first survey (n=121) produced a 26 item questionnaire. Rasch analysis of data from the second survey (UK: n=164; NL: n=154) showed some item misfit, but showed that items formed a hierarchical order and were stable over time. Problematic items were removed giving an 18 item scale. Both language versions had excellent internal consistency (alpha=0.89-0.91), test-retest reliability (r(s)=0.92 UK and r(s)=0.91 NL), and validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ASQoL provides a valuable tool for assessing the impact of interventions for AS and for evaluating models of service delivery. It is well accepted by patients, taking about four minutes to complete, and has excellent scaling and psychometric properties.
authors.affiliation: Galen Research, Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SE, UK. lcd@galen.eng.net
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Doward
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spoorenberg
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Helliwell
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van der Heijde
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires