title: Cyclosporine A-increased nitric oxide production in the rat dorsal hippocampus mediates convulsions.
abstract: To test whether nitric oxide (NO) participates in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced neurotoxicity including convulsions, we examined the effect of an NO synthase inhibitor on convulsions induced by combined treatment with CsA and bicuculline in mice and the effect of CsA on NO production in the dorsal hippocampus using an in vivo microdialysis method in rats. CsA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the intensity of convulsions induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of bicuculline (25 pmol) in mice. This facilitation was blocked by N omega -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, but not by N omega -nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME), an inactive form of L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.). CsA (20-50 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently increased NO 2 - levels in dialysates obtained with microdialysis in the rat dorsal hippocampus. This enhanced NO 2 - formation was blocked by L-NAME but not by D-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.). These findings suggest that CsA stimulates NO production and induces convulsions as a result of an interaction between NO and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohgu
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunada
authors.forename: Chozaburou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kataoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D051381:Rats; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D001640:Bicuculline