title: Impact of exercise and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin in fructose-fed hypertensive rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity regular exercise and/or an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and glucose and lipid metabolism parameters. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed a fructose-rich diet during 16 weeks of either exercise training (Ex group: 20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week), administration of an ACE inhibitor (TM group: temocapril, 10 mg/kg/day), or a combination of both (TM+Ex group). The systolic blood pressure was reduced exclusively in the TM and TM+Ex group. Epididymal fat pads (EPI) weighed less in the TM+Ex group than in the single-treatment (TM) group. The serum leptin level was significantly and directly correlated with the EPI weight (p < 0.001). The TNF-alpha content per gram of EPI was the highest in the TM+Ex group. In addition, the EPI TNF-alpha level was negatively correlated with both the EPI weight and the serum leptin level (p < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the TNF-alpha level of skeletal muscles was identical among the groups. The extensor digitorum longus had a significantly higher abundance of TNF-alpha protein than the soleus muscle. These data indicate that the local TNF-alpha expression is tissue-specific, and that upregulation of TNF-alpha in EPI by exercise training and/or ACE inhibition may have contributed to the reduction in fat cell volume via the induction of apoptosis and/or the regulation of metabolic homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohzuki
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004032:Diet; D004822:Epididymis; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006614:Hindlimb; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013599:Systole; D013841:Thiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D020738:Leptin; D013841:Thiazepines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005632:Fructose; C055603:temocapril hydrochloride