title: Long-term results of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors evaluated the outcome of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) who were treated with three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (RT) at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of all 69 patients with RMS who received 3D RT from 1989 to 2001 were reviewed. All patients received multiagent chemotherapy with or without surgical resection. Follow-up of surviving patients ranged from 1.0 year to 12.8 years (median, 4.3 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median patient age was 6 years (range, 1-29 years), and there was a male:female ratio of 1.5:1. Forty-eight patients had embryonal sarcomas, 14 patients had alveolar sarcomas, and 7 patients had undifferentiated sarcomas. The parameningeal area (n = 22 patients) and the trunk (n = 21 patients) were the most common sites. Twelve percent of patients had Stage I disease, 10% of patients had Stage II disease, 51% of patients had Stage III disease, and 27% of patients had Stage V disease. Nine percent of patients were in clinical Group II, 64% of patients were in Group III, and 27% of patients were in Group IV. Regional lymph nodes were involved in 33% of patients, and 77% of tumors measured > or = 5 cm in greatest dimension. The actuarial 5-year local and regional control rates were 90% and 91%, respectively. No predictive factors for local failure were identified; however, alveolar histology was correlated with regional recurrence (29% compared with 4%; P = 0.02). The disease free and overall survival rates were 60% and 63% at 5 years, respectively. Disease stage was most predictive of 5-year survival (76% of patients with Stage I-III disease compared with 24% of patients with Stage IV disease; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of local control were achieved in patients with RMS using 3D RT. Regional lymph node failure was increased significantly among patients with alveolar histology. Control of metastatic disease remains a formidable problem for patients with Stage IV RMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, SM07, New York, NY 10021, USA. woldens@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolden
authors.forename: Trang H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: La
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: LaQuaglia
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Dennis H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wexler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate