title: [Apoptosis in disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apoptosis, the death of a single cell according to an exactly defined intracellular program, is a key principle allowing embryonic development and later on tissue homeostasis in metazoans.
  The molecular base is an evolutionary highly conserved intracellular signaling cascade, which is preserved from hematodes to mammals. Initiation of the program finally leads to the activation of caspases, a set of cysteinyl-specific proteases, which indicates the beginning of the end of a cell life. During evolutionary development, the role of central effectors did not change, but an enormous sophistication of necessary control mechanisms evolved. In recent years it became clear that subtle changes in the fine-tuned balance of life and death of single cells are the underlying cause of many diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our review focuses on clinical aspects of apoptosis. In the first part the major proteins forming the deadly intracellular cascade will be discussed, while the second part relates to diseases which are characterized by a dysfunction of the apoptotic program.
authors.affiliation: 1.Medizinische Klinik und Poliklink der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schuchmann
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Galle
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanzler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004194:Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor