title: Inflammatory mediators in perinatal asphyxia and infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in asphyxiated neonates and compare these inflammatory factors with those found in neonates with perinatal infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  88 neonates were studied, of whom 36 were asphyxiated, 18 were infected and the remaining 34 were controls. Peripheral blood samples were obtained on the 1st, 3rd and 5th postnatal days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokines IL-6 and IL-1beta as well as sICAM-1 serum levels did not differ between asphyxiated and infected neonates; however, at most time periods, their values were significantly higher than controls. TNF-alpha was similar in the three groups of neonates. CRP serum values were significantly higher in the infected neonates than in the asphyxiated or control subjects. Among the 54 asphyxiated and infected neonates, 15 were considered as severe cases and 39 as mild. The severe cases, at most time periods, had significantly higher IL-6, IL-1beta and sICAM-1 levels compared with the mild ones. Through receiver operating characteristic curves the cut-off points, sensitivities, and specificities for distinguishing neonates at risk or at high risk for brain damage were established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar increases in serum levels of IL-6, IL-1beta and sICAM-1 were found in perinatally asphyxiated and infected neonates. As these increases correlated with the severity of the perinatal insults, neonates at high risk for brain damage might be detected.
authors.affiliation: B'Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. bnicu@paidon-agiasofia.gr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xanthou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fotopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouchtouri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lipsou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zika
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarafidou
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein