title: Regulation of the ryanodine receptor in heart failure.
abstract: In the heart, calcium (Ca2+) regulates muscle contraction and electrical signals that determine cardiac rhythm and cell growth pathways. The ryanodine receptor (RyR), an intracellular Ca2+ release channel, is required for excitation-contraction coupling. The cardiac RyR has a large cytoplasmic structure that serves as a scaffold for modulatory proteins that regulate the function of the channel. Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of RyR2 dissociates the regulatory protein FKBP 12.6 and regulates the open probability of the channel. In failing hearts, RyR2 is PKA hyperphosphorylated resulting in defective channel function due to increased sensitivity to Ca2+ induced activation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Rm 9-401, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Steven O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium