title: Involvement of the thyroid and the salivary glands in childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphomas at initial diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical spectrum of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is different from that in adults, with frequent extranodal involvement. We searched the incidence and radiological appearance of the secondary involvement of the thyroid and salivary glands by ultrasonography (US) to assess its importance for staging of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the thyroid, parotid and submandibulary glands of 43 children with NHL, age ranging between 9 months and 17 years, by US.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to US findings, involvement of the parotid gland was very common as detected in 18 of the cases with NHL (41%). It was the most common organ involved in lymphoma. Lymphomatous infiltration of the thyroid gland, with bilateral multiple focal lesions, was detected in two patients and proved by fine needle aspiration biopsy in all cases (5%). Salivary gland and thyroid involvement changed staging in three (6%) of the patients, however, the treatment plan was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that anatomic sites, known to be very rarely involved at the initial presentation of the disease is actually more commonly involved in childhood NHL. However, it does not cause any significant change in the treatment planning or in the survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara TR-06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akata
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akhan
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.forename: Mustafa N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: Bilgehan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yalcin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography