title: Diphenhydramine and hyaluronic acid derivatives reduce adnexal adhesions and prevent tubal obstructions in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of diphenhydramine-HCl and Na-hyaluronate derivatives on the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesion and tubal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty female rats of Sprague-Dawley type were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, each comprising 10 subjects. After all the rats were anaesthetized with 50mg/kg ketamine HCl, their abdomens were opened with a lower midline incision. Injury was induced on the right pelvic peritoneum and on the peritoneal surface of left uterine tube. No additional procedure was applied to the first group. 10 mg/kg diphenhydramine-HCl was given to the second group intravenously. In the third group, 0.25 mg/kg Orthovisc, a Na-hyaluronate derivative was diluted with 2 ml physiological saline and poured into the abdomen. For the fourth group, Seprafilm, a Na-hyaluronate derivative was covered in a layer of 0.7 cm x 3 cm over the left uterine tube. After 14 days, the rats were anaesthetized with ketamine HCl again, and 5 cm(3) blood sample was taken with cardiac puncture. The abdomen was opened with an incision transverse to the upper end of the midline incision, and the presence of adhesions was investigated. Detected adhesions were staged according to the Mazuji classification. Tubal patencies were inspected by injecting methylene blue from the uterine corpus into the lumen using an injector. A piece of abdominal wall of 4 cm x 4 cm was removed by extending the incision in the reverse U shape. The tensile strength and bursting pressure of the suture line were determined using the Peacock method. One gram of tissue was taken from the incision line, and hydroxyproline levels were determined by the Bergman-Loxley method. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the rats completed the study. AST levels, tissue hydroxyproline levels and tensile strength and bursting pressure test results were found to be similar in all groups. While adhesion rates in the groups were 100, 40, 40 and 30%, respectively, adhesion stages were found to be, respectively as 2.1+/-1.7, 0.6+/-0.67, 0.6+/-0.67 and 0.5+/-0.85. Adhesion stages in the study groups were significantly lower (P<0.05). Tubal obstruction rates were found to be 70, 30, 30 and 20%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diphenhydramine, Orthovisc and Seprafilm significantly reduce postoperative peritoneal adhesion development, and they allow the uterine tubes to remain open.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse Filiz
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Avsar
authors.forename: Fatih Mehmet
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Avsar
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: Husamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatansev
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belviranli
mesh_terms: D000291:Adnexal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests; D005260:Female; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000187:drug effects; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C118198:Seprafilm; C477349:orthovisc; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D006909:Hydroxyproline