title: Adverse effects of sulfasalazine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are associated with diplotype configuration at the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a key enzyme for the acetylation of sulfasalazine (SSZ). We examine whether there was a correlation between diplotype configurations (combinations of 2 haplotypes for a subject) at the NAT2 gene and the adverse effects of SSZ used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings from 144 patients with RA who had been treated with SSZ were collected from our outpatient department and used for a retrospective study. Haplotype analysis was performed by the maximum-likelihood estimation based on the EM algorithm using the obtained polymorphism data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (11.1%) had experienced adverse effects from SSZ, the most common being allergic reactions including rash and fever. The slow acetylators who had no NAT2*4 haplotype had experienced adverse effects more frequently (62.5%) than the fast acetylators who had at least one NAT2*4 haplotype (8.1%) (p < 0.001, OR 7.73, 95% CI 3.54-16.86). In 25% of the slow acetylators, the adverse effects were so severe that they were hospitalized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genotyping the NAT2 gene followed by estimation of diplotype configuration before administration of SSZ is likely to reduce the frequency of adverse effects in Japanese patients with RA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatology and Division of Statistical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. tanaka@tkg.att.ne.jp
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Wako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Terunobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamatani
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human