title: Depression and chronic diabetic foot disability. A case report of suicide.
abstract: Evidence at the scene of death and the postmortem examination led the pathologist to conclude suicide by intentional insulin overdose. The examination was conducted one day after the patient's death. The amount of insulin injected is not known, but levels of insulin in the vitreous gel were extremely high. While glucose and insulin are more stable in vitreous than in postmortem blood, the longer the delay between death and sample collection, the greater the uncertainty of the exact concentrations of substances at the time of death [42]. Patients with diabetes may have at their disposal the resources to end their lives; misuse of insulin and suicide by insulin overdose are presumably underreported events. Not only do diabetics have insulin available, but they may also have narcotics, tricyclic antidepressants or other drugs that are toxic at high doses. Even in the absence of depression, all patients with diabetes face multiple emotional issues related to the diagnosis and course of the disease. Diabetes often requires significant lifestyle changes, such as diet and physical activity, upon its diagnosis. Patients face the possibility of long-term, possibly debilitating, complications: vision loss, sexual dysfunction, and amputation. Any podiatrist who treats a large number of diabetic patients will encounter the situation of a patient at risk of losing a limb. A patient may consciously or unconsciously view amputation as punishment; limb loss interferes physically with bodily function and has extensive emotional consequences as well. It is important for patients to be involved with a healthcare team (including primary care physician, nurse educator, ophthalmologist, and podiatrist) that provides support throughout their lives [3]. As learned early on in podiatry school, podiatric physicians don't treat feet; they treat patients who have foot problems. It is as important to know when to refer a patient to the primary care physician or a psychiatrist for mental health complaints as it is to know when to refer a patient to an orthopedic surgeon for hip pain or to an ophthalmologist for vision problems. We do not propose that this patient's diabetic foot disease was the direct cause of his depression and suicide; however, the prevalence of depression in the general population and its even higher rates in patients with chronic medical illness require awareness of these problems by all members of the medical profession.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Podiatry, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maxwood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sage
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology