Assessment of the effect of phosphorylated metabolites of anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-hepatitis B virus pyrimidine analogs on the behavior of human deoxycytidylate deaminase.
Deoxycytidylate deaminase, catalyzing the conversion of dCMP to dUMP, is an important enzyme in the de novo synthesis of thymidine nucleotides. It also may be involved in the action, as well as the metabolism of anticancer agents. Recently, several L- and D-configuration pyrimidine deoxynucleoside analogs were found to be potent antiviral and antitumor agents. Their interaction with dCMP deaminase as a monophosphate or a triphosphate metabolite is not clear. These include D-nucleoside analogs such as beta-D-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), beta-2'-fluoro-5-methyl-arabinofuranosyluracil (FMAU), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (D4T) as well as L-nucleoside analogs such as beta-L-dioxolane-cytidine (L-OddC), beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5'-fluoro-3'-thia-cytidine (L-FSddC), beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine, and L-FMAU. None of the L-deoxycytidine analog monophosphates act as substrates or inhibitors. Among these pyrimidine deoxynucleoside analog monophosphates, D-FMAU monophosphate (MP) is the most potent competitive inhibitor, whereas L-FMAUMP has no inhibitory activity. Interestingly, AZTMP and D4TMP also have potent inhibitory activities on dCMP deaminase. Among the dCTP and TTP analogs examined, D- and L-FMAUTP were the most potent inhibitors and had the same extent of inhibitory effect. These results suggest that a chiral specificity for the substrate-binding site may exist, but there is no chiral specificity for the regulator-binding site. This is also supported by the observation that L-OddC and L-FSddC have inhibitory activities as triphosphates but not as monophosphates. None of the D- and L-dCTP analogs activated dCMP deaminase as dCTP. The biological activities of AZT and D4T could be partially attributable to their inhibitory activity against dCMP deaminase by their phosphorylated metabolites, whereas that of ddC and the L-deoxycytidine analogs may not involve dCMP deaminase directly.
Liou
Jieh-Yuan
JY
Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Krishnan
Preethi
P
Hsieh
Cheng-Chih
CC
Dutschman
Ginger E
GE
Cheng
Yung-Chi
YC
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003844:DCMP Deaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003641:Deamination; D003843:Deoxycytidine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D003843:Deoxycytidine Monophosphate; D003844:DCMP Deaminase