title: Time-course of adiposity and fasting insulin from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with coronary artery disease: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity and the attendant insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia related to coronary artery disease (CAD) morbidity and mortality are well documented. However, information is lacking on the time-course relation of adiposity and fasting insulin from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with CAD, a surrogate measure of future risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal analysis was performed on data collected from the Bogalusa Heart Study cohort with (n = 271) and without (n = 805) a parental history of CAD followed since childhood by repeated surveys from 1973 to 1991.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lowess smoothing and multivariate analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations revealed that body mass index, triceps, and subscapular skinfolds were consistently higher from childhood to adulthood in offspring of parents with CAD history. Insulin levels during childhood and adolescence were lower in the offspring with affected parents. On the other hand, higher levels of fasting insulin from offspring were associated with positive parental history of CAD after age 20 and this association remained significant even after adjusting for body mass index. There was no significant interaction with race or sex in these relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the offspring at high risk for CAD develop excess body fatness beginning in childhood and then later manifest hyperinsulinemia in young adulthood. These observations have important implications for prevention.
authors.affiliation: Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Adel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Rudolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Abdala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elkasabany
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005192:Family Health; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D010290:Parents; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin