title: Retained ventilation tubes: should they be removed at 2 years?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the complications of ventilation tubes that were retained in children for 2 years or longer and the necessity of removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent ventilation tube removal from 1997 to 2000, with the exclusion of patients with craniofacial anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-six children with ventilation tubes that were retained for 2 years or longer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventilation tube removal and tympanic membrane (TM) patching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Otorrhea, formation of granulation tissue, TM perforation, development of cholesteatomas, and tube reinsertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 126 patients aged 2(1/2) to 14 years (59 girls and 67 boys) underwent removal of their ventilation tubes after 2 years or more. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 67 patients (29 girls and 38 boys) who were younger than 7 years at the time of tube removal. The tubes were retained for 2 to 5(1/2) years (mean retention time, 3.3 years). Group 2 included 59 patients (30 girls and 29 boys) aged 7 years and older at the time of tube removal. The tubes were retained for 2 to 10(1/2) years (mean retention time, 4.2 years). Complications such as otorrhea, formation of granulation tissue, and TM perforation were seen in 10.3%, 13.8%, and 5.2% of the patients with tube retention of 2 to 3 years, compared with 40.0%, 40.0%, and 46.7% of patients with tube retention of more than 5 years. In group 1, transient otorrhea, formation of granulation tissue, and TM perforation occurred in 13.4%, 7.4%, and 6.0% of the patients, respectively, after 2 years of tube retention. In group 2, similar complications occurred in 23.7%, 25.4%, and 27.1% of the patients, respectively. Forty-six patients in group 1 underwent TM patching (31 with paper and 15 with absorbable gelatin film, with a success rate of 91.3%; however, 8 patients (11.9%) required tube reinsertion. In group 2, patching of the TM was done in 40 patients (13 with paper, 24 with absorbable gelatin film, and 3 with fat), with a success rate of 67.5%. Tube reinsertion was necessary in 1.7% of the patients in group 2. No cholesteatoma was encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher complication rates are seen in children when ventilation tubes are retained longer than 2 years. Children 7 years and older have a higher incidence of complications from the tube retention than children younger than 7 years. Early removal of ventilation tubes in children younger than 7 years of age, when the risk for otitis media is still present, may result in the need for tube reinsertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Bitar
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Sukgi S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zalzal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors