title: Measuring efficiency of physician practices using data envelopment analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical-group practices are becoming increasingly common-place, with more than a third of licensed physicians in the United States currently working in this mode. While previous studies have focused on physician practices, little attention has been focused specifically on the contribution of internal organizational factors to overall physician practice efficiency. This paper develops a model to help determine best practices of efficient physician offices while allowing for choices between inputs. Measuring how efficient practices provide services yields useful information to help improve performance of less efficient practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this study were obtained from the 1999 Medical Group Management Association (MGMA) Cost Report. In this study, 115 primary care physician practices are analyzed. Outputs are defined as gross charges; inputs include square footage and medical, technical, and administrative support personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used in this study to develop a model of practice outputs and inputs to help identify the most efficient medical groups. DEA is a linear programming technique that converts multiple input and output measures to a single comprehensive measure of efficiency. These practices are used as a reference set for comparisons with less efficient ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall results indicate that size of physician practice does not increase efficiency. There does not appear to be extensive substitution among inputs. Compared to other practices, efficient practices seem to manage each input well.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Chicago, Ill., USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andes
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kralewski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gans
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking / Q000379:methods*; D003625:Data Collection; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005251:Fees, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006123:Group Practice / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011382:Programming, Linear; D013038:Specialization; D013597:Systems Analysis; D014481:United States