title: Signal-to-noise ratio evaluation in dual-energy radiography with synchrotron radiation.
abstract: Dual-energy radiography is an effective technique that allows removal of contrast between pairs of materials in order to display details of interest on a uniform background. In mammographic images the detection of small nodules is often impeded by obscuring background 'clutter' resulting from the contrast between normal tissues (glandular and adipose) in their neighbourhood. We consider whether it could be possible to apply dual-energy radiography to the breast, which is hypothetically principally composed of three tissues, glandular, adipose and cancerous, in order to remove the contrast due to the distribution of normal tissues and, as a consequence, to enhance the intrinsic contrast of the pathology. The purpose of this work is to test the limitations of dual-energy radiography on a three-component phantom under optimum conditions of the source and detector. We use a synchrotron monochromatic beam, produced at the ELETTRA synchrotron facility (Trieste, Italy), and an imaging plate detector, in order to acquire two images at low and high energies of a phantom composed of polyethylene, plexiglas and water. For evaluation of the potential of this procedure we studied the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of polyethylene and water on a set of images obtained by applying the dual-energy procedure. We found that the SNR of polyethylene and water is around the detectability threshold (according to Rose's criteria) at the contrast cancellation angles. Finally we evaluated the air entrance dose required for this double exposure, resulting in 0.81 mGy for the low-energy image and 0.01 mGy for the high-energy image. To obtain the same image quality for a standard breast of 5.5 cm, mean glandular doses of 3.50 mGy and 0.03 mGy at 17 keV and at 34 keV, respectively, are required.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università e INFN, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taibi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marziani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuffanelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gambaccini
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D015900:Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D017356:Synchrotrons