title: Differential expression and upregulation of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 by freshly isolated human small intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small intestinal epithelial cells (SIEC) may contribute to local immune regulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine production of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 by freshly isolated human SIEC.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-1alpha and IL-1beta mRNA in epithelial layers (EL) prepared from small intestine and in intestinal epithelial cell (EC) lines were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 protein expression by SIEC was examined by flow cytometry before and after activation with lipopolysaccharide and epithelial growth factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1alpha and IL-1beta mRNA was detected in EL and EC lines. Background expression of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta protein by SIEC was observed, which did not increase even following activation. IL-6 protein was expressed by SIEC, in a proportion that increased in two out of three samples following activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 expression and the presence of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta mRNA suggest a role for SIEC in the regulation of local inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. l.madrigalestebas@may.ie
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madrigal-Estebas
authors.forename: Derek G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Diarmuid P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: Conleth
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feighery
authors.forename: Cliona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Farrelly
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor