title: Vasodilatory effects of nipradilol, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocker with nitric oxide releasing action, in rabbit ciliary artery.
abstract: Nipradilol is a new antiglaucoma ophthalmic agent used in Japan. Topical application of nipradilol is reported to increase ocular blood flow. To investigate the action of this drug, we studied the effect of nipradilol on the isolated rabbit ciliary artery. Under the dissecting microscope, ciliary arteries were prepared from rabbit eyes and mounted on a myograph system. The effects of nipradilol on the isolated rabbit ciliary artery were investigated using isometric tension recording methods. Nipradilol provoked a dose-dependent (10 microM-1m M) relaxation in ciliary arteries that were pre-contracted with high-K solutions (K(+): 100.7 m M). It also inhibited the amplitude of smooth muscle contraction evoked by field stimulation. Nipradilol was more effective in relaxing phenylephrine-induced contraction (EC(50): 21.6+/-16.3 microM) compared to high-K solution-induced contractions (EC(50): 230+/-130 microM). Application of N(w)-nitro- L -arginine methylester (300 microM), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, or denudations of endothelium by rubbing the inner surface with a scalp hair did not affect this relaxation. However, NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (1m M) or methylene blue (10 microM), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the nipradilol-induced relaxation. These results indicate that nipradilol relaxes the rabbit ciliary artery by two different mechanisms. First, the relaxation is due to the NO produced by denitrification of nipradilol itself. Second, nipradilol may act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. These actions of nipradilol may explain the mechanisms of increased ocular blood flow in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan. yoshitom@wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: Kazutsuna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002217:Carbachol; C036089:nipradilol