title: Indications and future directions for upper limb neuroprostheses in tetraplegic patients: a review.
abstract: The development of the upper extremity neuroprosthesis has been a challenging and rewarding contribution to the management of the SCI patient. The authors' experience and that of their clinical trial teams has verified that this technology is a strong alternative to conventional reconstruction and conservative management. In the future, even more powerful tools will emerge from the laboratory as these devices and collaborative surgical procedures evolve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. mwk4@po.Guru.edu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoyen
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000294:innervation; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation