Comparison of single 7.5-mg dose treatment vs sequential multidose 2.5-mg treatments with nebulized albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma.
OBJECTIVE
s: The purpose of the current trial was to compare the relief of airway obstruction from treatment with a single dose of albuterol,7.5 mg (single-dose group), with that from three sequential doses of albuterol, 2.5 mg, spaced 20 min apart (multidose group).


METHODS
Randomized clinical trial designed to test equivalence.


METHODS
Urban county hospital emergency department.


METHODS
Adult patients between the ages of 18 and 60 years presenting to the emergency department with acute asthma, as defined by the American Thoracic Society criteria, with FEV (1) on presentation to the emergency department of < or = 75% of predicted were included in the study.


METHODS
After the initial evaluation, patients were administered either albuterol, 2.5 mg via nebulizer every 20 min for a total of three doses, or albuterol 7.5 mg via nebulizer in a single dose.


RESULTS
Ninety-four patients participated, 46 in the single-dose group and 48 in the multidose group. Patients in both groups had severe obstruction on presentation to the emergency department (single-dose group pretreatment FEV(1), 45% of predicted [SD, 16% of predicted]; multidose group pretreatment FEV(1), 47% of predicted [SD, 17% of predicted]; p = 0.62). The primary outcome measure was the change in FEV(1) percent predicted over time. The secondary outcome measures were disposition after treatment (ie, hospitalization or discharge to home) and the incidence of side effects. We noted a 44.5% improvement (SD, 56.2%) in pretreatment to posttreatment FEV(1) values in the single-dose group and a 38.1% improvement (SD, 37.3%) in the multidose group (p = 0.52). A similar proportion of patients in both groups required hospitalization (single-dose group, 48%; multidose group, 41%; p = 0.51). There was a trend for the patients in the single-dose group to experience more side effects than patients in the multidose group (patients in the single-dose group patients, 40% [SD, 19%]; multidose group patients, 22% [SD, 10%]; p = 0.06).


CONCLUSIONS
A single dose of 7.5 mg nebulized albuterol and sequential doses of 2.5 mg nebulized albuterol are clinically equivalent in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe acute asthma and result in similar dispositions from the emergency department.
Cydulka
Rita K
RK
Department of Emergency Medicine, Room BG3-68, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. rcydulka@metrohealth.org
McFadden
E Regis
ER
Sarver
Joshua H
JH
Emerman
Charles L
CL
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
D000420:Albuterol