title: The effect of glycyrrhizin on the release rate and skin penetration of diclofenac sodium from topical formulations.
abstract: The influence of glycyrrhizin extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera (licorice roots) on the percutaneous absorption of diclofenac sodium from sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) gels or oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was investigated. Skin permeation experiments were carried out using excised abdominal rat skin. The results showed that the efficiency of glycyrrhizin as an enhancer agent is greater in gel formulations than it is in the emulsions. The enhancer with the concentration of 0.1% w/w in gel increased diclofenac sodium flux value to tenfold compared with the control gel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Life Sciences, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NN, UK. nokhodchia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nazemiyeh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghafourian
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hassan-Zadeh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
authors.forename: L A S
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bahary
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003956:Dialysis; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D005782:Gels; D004008:Diclofenac; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid