title: Hysteroscopic findings in postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding: a comparison between HRT users and non-users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate hysteroscopic findings in a sample of 410 menopausal women (hormonal replacement therapy, HRT users n = 219 and HRT non-users n = 191) and to evaluate the relationship between the presence of intrauterine disease, the use of HRT and the presence of AUB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and nineteen women on HRT underwent standard office hysteroscopy by means of the Hamou hysteroscope (in 94 cases for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and in 125 cases for periodic endometrium monitoring). One hundred and ninety-one women who had never received HRT were submitted to office hysteroscopy (154 for AUB and 37 for other reasons).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intrauterine diseases are more frequent in patients who do not use HRT (P = 0.02). Endometrial polyps is a frequent disease present in 30% of the sample (23.7% of HRT users and 30.8% of HRT non-users). Myomas were present in 8.7% of all patients examined (6.8% of HRT users and 11% of HRT non-users). Irregular bleeding in menopause is often associated with endouterine abnormalities: in symptomatic patients the frequency of endouterine diseases was 41% while in asymptomatic patients was 28% (P = 0.003). In patients taking HRT (n = 219) endouterine disease is demonstrated in 37% with AUB and in 26% without AUB (P = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benign intrauterine diseases (endometrial polyps and submucous myomas) are more frequent in postmenopausal women who do not use HRT. In patients taking HRT irregular bleeding is associated with intrauterine diseases; however, the absence of AUB does not exclude the presence of endometrial polyps or myomas.
authors.affiliation: I Ist Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Critelli
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Capri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galoppi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nofroni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zichella
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology