title: No association between high-altitude tolerance and the ACE I/D gene polymorphism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absence (deletion allele [D]) of a 287 base-pair fragment in the ACE gene is associated with higher ACE tissue activity than its presence (insertion allele [I]) and, as such, may enhance vasoconstriction and fluid retention through increased levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Because fluid retention is found in acute mountain sickness (AMS) and exaggerated pulmonary hypertension is essential in the pathophysiology of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), we hypothesized that the DD genotype is associated with increased susceptibility to these illnesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE genotype was thus determined in 83 mountaineers staying over night at 4559 m and related to AMS symptoms. Genotype was similarly determined in 76 mountaineers who had participated in previous studies at 4559 m; 38 of the latter group had a history of HAPE, and 25 had developed HAPE again during these studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequency was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both investigations. Neither the history nor the observed episodes of HAPE nor the prevalence of AMS defined as an AMS-C score >/= 0.70 (environmental symptom questionnaire) in the first study or in both studies taken together were significantly different between the genotypes DD, ID, and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that I/D-ACE gene polymorphism has no important effect on susceptibility to AMS or HAPE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dehnert
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weymann
authors.forename: Hugh E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggiorini
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.forename: J Simon R
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bärtsch
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000531:Altitude; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000235:genetics; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A