title: An organ-sparing treatment using combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for muscle-invading bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the results of an organ-sparing approach for the treatment of non-metastatic, invasive bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients (mean age 71 years; age range 47-87 years) with bladder carcinoma of clinical stage T2-T3N0M0 and histologically proven muscle invasion were examined between 1992 and 1998. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months. The treatment protocol for intra-arterial chemotherapy consisted of methotrexate 30 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) in 7 patients and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) in 16 patients, administered in three cycles via catheters inserted in the internal iliac arteries. Concomitantly, 41.4 Gy of radiotherapy was given to the lesser pelvis. Transurethral biopsy and urine cytology were performed after the completion of treatment; patients were followed observationally if residual tumor was absent, and underwent radical cystectomy if it was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of treatment, 18 patients (78%) showed a complete response (CR) and the bladder was spared in all cases. Radical cystectomy was performed for 4 non-CR cases, with the result that 2 cases had residual superficial cancer and the other 2 had muscle-invading cancer histologically. Among the patients with a CR, 2 experienced intravesical recurrence. Overall, 2 patients died of cancer, 5 died of other causes and 2 died during treatment. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 70.3% and the overall survival rate 46.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bladder-sparing approach for the treatment of muscle-invading bladder carcinoma which utilizes combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy may arrest the decline in quality of life induced by urinary diversion and yield equivalent therapeutic benefit to that of radical cystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan. s-tsuka@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sadamu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*