title: Nonautonomous planar polarity patterning in Drosophila: dishevelled-independent functions of frizzled.
abstract: The frizzled (fz) gene of Drosophila is required for planar polarity establishment in the adult cuticle, acting both cell autonomously and nonautonomously. We demonstrate that these two activities of fz in planar polarity are temporally separable in both the eye and wing. The nonautonomous function is dishevelled (dsh) independent, and its loss results in polarity phenotypes that resemble those seen for mutations in dachsous (ds). Genetic interactions and epistasis analysis suggest that fz, ds, and fat (ft) act together in the long-range propagation of polarity signals in the eye and wing. We also find evidence that polarity information may be propagated by modulation of the binding affinities of the cadherins encoded by the ds and ft loci.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strutt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strutt
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics*; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015820:Cadherins; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C094449:ds protein, Drosophila; C000606588:dsh protein, Drosophila; C058784:fz protein, Drosophila