title: Combined effects of gender, skin type and polymorphic genes on clinical phenotype: use of rate of increase in numbers of basal cell carcinomas as a model system.
abstract: Patients with a basal cell carcinomas (BCC) have an increased risk of further tumors. We studied the individual and combined impact of gender, skin type and allelic genes cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6), vitamin D receptor (VDR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha) on the rate of increase in BCC numbers after first presentation. Individually, male gender, skin type 1, CYP2D6 EM, VDR TT and TNF-alpha GG were associated with more BCC/year (rate ratio (RR) 1.20-1.36) while RR for associations of combinations of two, three and four variables were greater than in their reference categories (RR 1.32-1.90, 2.20-2.84, 3.06-5.49, respectively). The data show that different factors mediate the numbers of BCC/year in males and females and, the individual contributions of variables to risk is modest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Good Hope Hospital, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands B75 7RR, UK.
authors.forename: Sudarshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Tracy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lovatt
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6