Effects of calcium and phosphorus intake and excretion on bone density in postmenopausal women in Hermosillo, Mexico.
Calcium (Ca) is important in bone formation and as aging progresses, bone loss gradually occurs. With the onset of menopause, reduced estrogen levels and insufficient Ca in the diet often create serious problems with fractures. Since little is known about the diet and other factors related to risk factors in postmenopausal women in northern Mexico, it was the objective of this study to determine the effects of dietary Ca and phosphorus (P) and their excretion, anthropometric measurements, and blood serum estradiol on bone density in women aged 45-63 years. No studies are available on the dietary intake of Ca and P and the effects on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in northern Mexico, so this study reports some of the first data on this population. Women with an average age of 55 years showed a positive relation of Ca intake and Ca excretion, however, dietary intake of Ca and P had no relation to bone density. Age, urinary Ca, Ca/creatinine and years of postmenopause had the highest negative correlation. Weight and body mass index had a positive correlation with BMD in the forearm and heel. Only 15% of the women met the recommendation of 1,500 mg/day of Ca. A high Ca/creatinine ratio has been proposed to indicate excess Ca excretion and subsequent bone density loss. Thirty-five percent of the women exceed the Ca/creatinine indicator of >0.16. In this study, 1% of the subjects were classified as osteoporotic and 37% as osteopenic.
Méndez
R O
RO
Department of Human Nutrition, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico. romendez@cascabel.ciad.mx
Gómez
M A
MA
López
A M
AM
González
H
H
Wyatt
C J
CJ
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D017698:Postmenopause
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D004958:Estradiol; D003404:Creatinine