title: The biological sequelae of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha in multiple myeloma.
abstract: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha mediates migration of normal hematopoietic stem cells, but its role in hematological malignancies is undefined. In this study, we detected SDF-1alpha in bone marrow (BM) plasma from 10 patients with MM (multiple myeloma; 2.6 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) and BM stromal cell culture supernatants from 5 patients with MM (0.6 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). We show that SDF-1alpha promotes proliferation, induces migration, and protects against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in MM cells, but these effects are only modest. In MM cell lines and patient MM cells, SDF-1alpha induces phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as Akt and its downstream target Bad, and also activates nuclear factor-kappaB. In the BM milieu, SDF-1alpha up-regulates secretion of interleukin 6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in BM stromal cells, which promote tumor cell growth, survival, and migration. These data demonstrate that SDF-1alpha promotes growth, migration and drug resistance of MM cells in the BM microenvironment, but these effects are only modest, SDF-1alpha therefore does not represent a target for novel therapeutics in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podar
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: C494819:BAD protein, human; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008222:Lymphokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004247:DNA