title: Hypoechogenicity of fetal long bones: a new ultrasound marker for arthrogryposis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate osteopenia associated with arthrogryposis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe 3 cases of fetal arthrogryposis seen prenatally with the sonographic feature of severe hypoechogenicity of the long bones. This manifestation of presumed osteopenia is thought to represent osteoporosis secondary with absent fetal movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe hypoechogenicity of the fetal bones as a new sonographic feature of arthrogryposis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: June C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Bryann
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bromley
authors.forename: Beryl R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Benacerraf
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Copel
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D001176:Arthrogryposis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015415:Biomarkers; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers