title: Hepatic arterial administration of activated leukocytes in patients with liver metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver is the most common site of metastatic disease. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of cytotoxic drugs may achieve high objective response rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by leukapheresis after stimulation with subcutaneous GM-CSF in six patients and with subcutaneous interleukin-2 (IL-2) in four patients, all with nonresectable hepatic metastases not responsive to conventional regimens. After the cytokine stimulation, the cells were administered by HAI either alone, or after HAI of melphalan (50 mg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean number of 23.1 +/- 4.6 x 10(9) and 19.0 +/- 9.7 x 10(9) mononuclear cells were obtained through leukapheresis after GM-CSF and IL-2 priming, respectively. Significant cytotoxic activity was observed only after short IL-2 stimulation. A marked decrease in tumor markers was observed in two patients treated by combination of melphalan and activated leukocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAI is a technically feasible way of regional delivery of a high number of activated leukocytes obtained after short ex vivo activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. melichar@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tousková
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bláha
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veselý
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorák
authors.forename: Antonín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krajina
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerman
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007376:Interleukin-2