title: Preliminary estimation of the rainfall chemical composition evaluated through the scavenging modeling for north-eastern Amazonian region (Amapá state, Brazil).
abstract: Numerical modeling of scavenging processes has been compared with data obtained for rainwater and aerosol chemistry at Serra do Navio, in the state of Amapá in the Brazilian Amazon region. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were determined in rainwater samples collected from May 1995 until June 1997. The levels of these same chemicals were also determined in aerosols for the same period and region. Scavenging processes have been evaluated on a rainfall event basis, via numerical modeling, in order to simulate the rainwater concentrations and compare them with the observed data. RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) was used to simulate cloud structures. A model of below-cloud scavenging was evaluated, as well. The determinations made from the results of the scavenging model are the following: a) aerosol vertical profiles are quite important to rainwater concentrations; b) modeled sulfate in rainwater is a better fit to the observed data values than ammonium and nitrate; c) the obtained sulfate aerosol concentrations samples are similar to ones found in the literature, although the sulfate concentrations in rainwater are much lower than other studies in the literature; d) the in-cloud scavenging process dominates, e) our modeled results, using an input gas vertical profile extracted from the ABLE2B experimental data set, present a smaller ratio between gas and aerosol scavenging than found in other studies in the literature, other studies may have had larger rainfall times, which increase the importance of gas phase scavenging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, IAG-USP, São Paulo, Brazil. fgoncalv@model.iag.usp.br
authors.forename: F L T
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Astolfo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Massambani
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Melfi
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil; D003198:Computer Simulation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D011891:Rain; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical