title: Kindling-induced overexpression of Homer 1A and its functional implications for epileptogenesis.
abstract: Despite an extensive research on the molecular basis of epilepsy, the essential players in the epileptogenic process leading to epilepsy are not known. Gene expression analysis is one strategy to enhance our understanding of the genes contributing to the functional neuronal changes underlying epileptogenesis. In the present study, we used the novel MPSS (massively parallel signature sequencing) method for analysis of gene expression in the rat kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Kindling by repeated electrical stimulation of the amygdala resulted in the differential expression of 264 genes in the hippocampus compared to sham controls. The most strongly induced gene was Homer 1A, an immediate early gene involved in the modulation of glutamate receptor function. The overexpression of Homer 1A in the hippocampus of kindled rats was confirmed by RT-PCR. In order to evaluate the functional implications of Homer 1A overexpression for kindling, we used transgenic mice that permanently overexpress Homer 1A. Immunohistochemical characterization of these mice showed a marked Homer 1A overexpression in glutamatergic neurons of the hippocampus. Kindling of Homer 1A overexpressing mice resulted in a retardation of seizure generalization compared to wild-type controls. The data demonstrate that kindling-induced epileptogenesis leads to a striking overexpression of Homer 1A in the hippocampus, which may represent an intrinsic antiepileptogenic and anticonvulsant mechanism in the course of epileptogenesis that counteracts progression of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Potschka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gümbel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leichtlein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lorch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kramps
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grüne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welschof
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Löscher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiemisch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018698:Glutamic Acid