title: Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys.
abstract: This research addresses a new construct, co-rumination. Co-rumination refers to extensively discussing and revisiting problems, speculating about problems, and focusing on negative feelings. Friendship research indicates that self-disclosure leads to close relationships; however, coping research indicates that dwelling on negative topics leads to emotional difficulties. Co-rumination is a single construct that integrates both perspectives and is proposed to be related both to positive friendship adjustment and problematic emotional adjustment. Third-, fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade participants (N = 608) responded to questionnaires, including a new measure of co-rumination. Co-rumination was related to high-quality, close friendships and aspects of depression and anxiety. Girls reported co-ruminating more than did boys, which helped to account for girls' more positive friendship adjustment and greater internalizing symptoms. Other analyses addressed whether co-rumination and the related constructs of self-disclosure and rumination had different relations with friendship and emotional adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA. RoseA@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires