title: Immunohistochemical study of apelin, the natural ligand of receptor APJ, in a case of AIDS-related cachexia.
abstract: Apelin, a peptide first isolated from bovine stomach extracts, was discovered as an endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor. APJ has been shown to be a co-receptor for human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV). Apelin specifically inhibited the entry of primary T-tropic and dualtropic HIV-1 isolated from different clones expressing antiviral CD4 and APJ. On the basis of these results, we decided to compare the apelin expression level between normal and AIDS-infected tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that apelin expression was less intense in AIDS-infected tissues compared to normal tissues, in particular in the pancreas, kidney, adrenal glands and lymphoid organs. These results suggest an involvement of this peptide in immunodeficiency and in the immune response to AIDS.
authors.affiliation: III Division of Infectious Diseases, A. O. D. Cotugno Naples, Via S. Brigida 39, 80133 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acanfora
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onori
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loiacono
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montesarchio
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chirianni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; C104575:APLNR protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled