title: Postnatal depression and infant growth and development in low income countries: a cohort study from Goa, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postnatal depression is a recognised cause of delayed cognitive development in infants in developed countries. Being underweight is common in South Asia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether postnatal depression contributes to poor growth and development outcomes in Goa, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study for growth outcomes with nested case-control study for developmental outcomes. A total of 171 babies were weighed and measured at 6-8 weeks following birth. The following measures were used: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for maternal mood, and sociodemographic and infant health variables. Outcome measures were: weight (<5th centile), length (<5th centile), and Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants scores at six months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postnatal depression was a strong, and independent, predictor of low weight and length and was significantly associated with adverse mental development quotient scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the first time that postnatal depression, a potentially treatable disorder, is a cause of poor growth and development in South Asia.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. vikpat@goatelecom.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DeSouza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum; D003906:Developing Countries; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012723:Sex