title: LPS-induced cytokine production in the monocytic cell line THP-1 determined by multiple quantitative competitive PCR (QC-PCR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantifying cytokines on the protein level can be problematic because of low concentrations or degradation during sample handling. Aiming towards finding a simple method by which to quantify cytokines on the mRNA level, we combined existing and established molecular biology techniques. Based on the principle of quantitative competitive RT-PCR with a DNA-competitor, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12alpha and the housekeeping enzyme GAPDH are measured at levels down to 200 copies of mRNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a source of mRNA, the total RNA from 4 samples of 5 x 10(6) THP-1 cells stimulated with LPS (1 microg/ml for 24 h) was isolated. For competitors, we constructed sequences similar to the target sequences, but with deletion or insertion of 10-15% of the target length. For validating this method, we performed first strand synthesis on different days using different amounts of RNA (1-4 microg) isolated from the same pool of cells. Quantitative competitive PCR was accomplished using different amounts of cDNA (0.125-4 microL). Using IL-1beta as an example, the assay was validated for a dynamic range of 5-300 x 10(3) copies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A linear correlation was found between output and amount of RNA for cDNA synthesis, signifying that the final result of the analysis was linearly related to the amount of RNA or cDNA when operating within the range 1-4 microg (RNA isolation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative, competitive RT-PCR produces highly reproducible results within a 60-fold dynamic range.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Allergology, Allergy Unit, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. cglue@rh.dk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glue
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schjerling
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jinquan
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Poulsen
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12