title: Flk1+ cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells reconstitute hematopoiesis in vivo in SCID mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into any cell type, including the hematopoietic lineage. We examined whether hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from ES cells reconstitute hematopoiesis in irradiated SCID mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  ES cells (E14.1, H2K(b)) were cultured for 4 days in semisolid medium containing methylcellulose. Irradiated SCID mice were used as recipients of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cell surface antigen expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. The spleens of the recipient mice were studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After cell culture of ES cells in methylcellulose for 4 days, the cells expressing Flk1 (VEGF receptor 2), a tentative marker of hemangioblasts, were increased, whereas cells expressing CD31 (PECAM-1) and E-cadherin (nonmesodermal adhesion molecule) were dramatically reduced. Flk1+ cells expressed c-kit predominantly. Circulating leukocytes and thrombocytes were increased in irradiated SCID (H2K(d)) mice transplanted with ES cell-derived Flk1+ cells compared with vehicle-injected control mice. H2K(b+) and VE-cadherin(+) vascular endothelial cells were prominent in spleens of the recipient mice. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that H2K(b+) cells were increased in the bone marrow of recipient mice. In addition, Flk1+ cells accompanying enhanced c-kit expression preferentially repopulated in the bone marrow, and leukopoiesis and thrombopoiesis of the recipient mice were evident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Flk1+ hematopoietic cells derived from ES cells reconstitute hematopoiesis in vivo and may become an alternative donor source for bone marrow transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeno
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagafuchi
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008747:Methylcellulose; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015820:Cadherins; D008747:Methylcellulose; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2