title: Evidence-based estimates of outcome in patients irradiated for intraocular melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Melanoma of the eye is the only potentially fatal ocular malignancy in adults. Until radiation therapy gained wide acceptance in the 1980s, enucleation was the standard treatment for the tumor. Long-term results after proton beam irradiation are now available.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed risk score equations to estimate probabilities of the 4 principal treatment outcomes-local tumor recurrence, death from metastasis, retention of the treated eye, and vision loss-based on an analysis of 2069 patients treated with proton beam radiation for intraocular melanoma between July 10, 1975, and December 31, 1997. Median follow-up in surviving patients was 9.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor regrowth occurred in 60 patients, and 95% of tumors (95% confidence interval, 93%-96%) were controlled locally at 15 years. Risk scores were developed for the other 3 outcomes studied. Overall, the treated eye was retained by 84% of patients (95% confidence interval, 80%-87%) at 15 years. The probabilities for vision loss (visual acuity worse than 20/200) ranged from 100% to 20% at 10 years and for death from tumor metastases from 95% to 35% at 15 years, depending on the risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose radiation treatment was highly effective in achieving local control of intraocular melanomas. In most cases, the eye was salvaged, and functional vision was retained in many patients. The mortality rate was high in an identifiable subset of patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapies directed at microscopic liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USA. evangelos_gragoudas@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gragoudas
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goitein
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Munzenrider
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Egan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity