title: Effect of active warm-up on metabolism prior to and during intense dynamic exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether active warm-up (AW) would increase muscle acetylcarnitine concentration before exercise, thereby reducing the reliance on nonoxidative ATP production during subsequent high-intensity exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six female subjects performed a 30-s sprint at 120% of their maximal power output on an electronically braked cycle ergometer 5 min after undertaking an active warm-up. To exclude any effect of muscle temperature (Tm) on metabolism, AW was compared with control (C), which involved passively heating the muscle to the same temperature as that achieved by active warm-up (37.1 +/- 0.3 vs 37.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C AW and C, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active warm-up significantly increased the concentration of acetylcarnitine from 4.5 +/- 1.5 mmol x kg(-1) dry muscle (dm)(-1) at rest to 9.4 +/- 1.6 mmol x kg dm(-1) before the onset of exercise. There was no change in acetylcarnitine concentration in C. During exercise the accumulation of muscle lactate was significantly less in AW compared with C (21.9 +/- 3.8 vs 34.3 +/- 2.3 mmol.kg dm, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main finding of this study was that there was less accumulation of blood and muscle lactate during intense dynamic exercise preceded by active warm-up, which could not be accounted for by a difference in T between trials immediately before the onset of exercise(m)
authors.affiliation: Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. s.gray@napier.ac.uk
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devito
authors.forename: Myra A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nimmo
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D007773:Lactates; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D000108:Acetylcarnitine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003404:Creatinine