title: Long-term prognosis by lamivudine monotherapy for severe acute exacerbation in chronic hepatitis B infection: emergence of YMDD motif mutant and risk of breakthrough hepatitis -- an open-cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of long-term prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine, with or without severe acute exacerbation (SAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In chronic hepatitis B HBeAg-positive patients on lamivudine monotherapy, 21 patients with SAE were retrospectively compared with 63 patients without SAE. Both groups were matched for age and sex. We investigated the efficacy and problems associated with monotherapy with respect to SAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In SAE and non-SAE, HBeAg seroconversion rates were 21.1 vs. 27.6%, 20.0 vs. 50.0%, and 14.3 vs. 66.7% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. YMDD mutant emerged later in SAE than in non-SAE, but the emergence rates in SAE almost exceeded those of non-SAE from 2 years (rates of about 35%). DNA breakthrough (hepatitis B virus DNA becoming detectable after a period of negativity, accompanied by emergence of YMDD mutant) and breakthrough hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase becoming abnormal after a period of normalization, accompanied by DNA breakthrough) also appeared later in SAE than in non-SAE, but the rates in SAE exceeded those of non-SAE at 3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that Japanese genotype C-dominant hepatitis B patients with SAE seem to be at greater risk of re-exacerbation after temporary relief of the initial SAE by long-term lamivudine monotherapy, compared with those without SAE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan. akuta-gi@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akuta
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Someya
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arase
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007532:Isoleucine; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012306:Risk; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014633:Valine
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D007532:Isoleucine; D019259:Lamivudine; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D014633:Valine