title: Contributions from the model systems programs to spinal cord injury research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review research developments across the Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of literature and web-based information.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCIS program in general and its 16 currently funded centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MSCIS centers have been funded since 1970 by the US Department of Education to conduct research that contributes to the lives of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). A review of this research suggests changes across time in terms of methods of investigation used to conduct research (eg, from demonstration studies to clinical trials) and selected study focuses, reflecting timely national priorities. Although initial studies were designed to describe medical factors and necessary treatment immediately after injury, most recent studies focus on broader social and environmental issues of living with SCI. In addition, a number of current investigations focus on new advances in medicine and technology geared toward recovery and increase in physical functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research by the MSCIS has elevated the standards of care for SCI and inspired other researchers to develop larger and more sophisticated studies bridging the gap between basic and applied sciences and has inspired policy makers to continue to fund such needed research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. dgtate@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Denise G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forchheimer
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000266:history / Q000534:rehabilitation*