title: Change in throwing pattern: critical values for control parameter of velocity.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the critical values at which throwing patterns change when scaling up on the control parameter of velocity. Thirty-six participants (ages: 6-12 years) were categorized into four throwing levels according to patterns represented by temporal joint lag. Each participant was required to complete 5 overhand throws at each of 10 relative velocities for a total of 50 trials per participant. The lowest velocity was 10% of maximum, with increases in increments of 10% up to a maximum effort. Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that critical values varied according to throwing category and joint. Generally, lower skilled throwers (Levels 1 and 2) had less stable joint lag and changed patterns at lower velocities than higher skilled (Levels 3 and 4) throwers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, USA. d.southard@tcu.edu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Southard
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology