title: [Training for adult subclavian venous catheterization: use of real-time echography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the training in adult subclavian venous catheterization of an inexperienced operator, with two different procedures: ultrasound guidance vs anatomic landmark technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After informed consent, 50 adults were divided in two groups, with an original method of inclusion, designed to assess the training of the operator, which alternated ultrasound guidance (n = 25) and Aubaniac's landmark technique (n = 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the catheterizations have been completed. The success rate at first attempt was higher in ultrasound group than in landmark group, without reaching significance (76 vs 56%). Two arterial punctures were reported in landmark group. With ultrasound guidance, there were 21 puncture sites at the external third and 4 at the medial third of the clavicle. Average access time (skin to vein) was 15 +/- 8 seconds in ultrasound group and 63 +/- 78 seconds in landmark group (p < 0.01), with a significant relation between access time and patient rank in landmark group (r2 = 0.42, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guidance makes the training in adult subclavian venous catheterization easier, and allows inexperimented operator to be rapidly efficient. The use of ultrasound would decrease the incidence of complications by a real time visualization of anatomical structures, and by a more external approach of the vein than in the Aubaniac's technique.
authors.affiliation: Département d'anesthésie-réanimation chirurgicale II, hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France. francois.forestier@chu-bordeaux.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forestier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soubiron
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bourdarias
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janvier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography