Granulomas in schistosome and mycobacterial infections: a model of local immune responses.
Granulomatous immune responses are interesting models for the effector phase of immunity, in that granulomas can be part of both immune protection and disease pathology during the course of various infectious and autoimmune diseases. Focusing mainly on granulomas induced by Schistosoma or Mycobacterium infection, this article reviews T-cell recruitment, local cytokine networks and the regulation of cytokine networks by neuropeptides in granulomas. In addition, different activation pathways for macrophages residing in granulomas are discussed. Granulomas are unique inflammatory sites that offer a challenging and rewarding model to study immunity.
Sandor
Matyas
M
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Room 5468, Medical Science Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA. msandor@facstaff.wisc.edu
Weinstock
Joel V
JV
Wynn
Thomas A
TA
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006099:Granuloma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D009479:Neuropeptides