title: An evaluation of hemolymph cholinesterase activities in the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac, for the rapid assessment of pesticide exposure.
abstract: The use of sequential measurements of hemolymph cholinesterase activities as a non-invasive biomarker of seasonal organophosphate/carbamate exposure was investigated for the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac. Overall activities of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were relatively high compared to studies with bivalve tissues. Acute in vivo experiments showed inhibition of hemolymph acetylcholinesterase activity at concentrations of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos of 0.1, 1 and 10 ng l(-1). Monthly sampling of hemolymph from scallops at two sites in Bermuda over a 15 month period showed seasonal acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. Direct and indirect evidence suggests that this inhibition did not relate to biochemical or physiological changes associated with gonad maturation and spawning, but rather reflected diffuse contamination of the marine environment by cholinesterase inhibitors or increased bioavailability of such inhibitors at these times. Repetitive sampling of scallop hemolymph for cholinesterase activities represents a rapid, sensitive and non-invasive method for assessing seasonal, sublethal pesticide exposure in these commercially important bivalves and suggests a wider use in marine pollution monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Ferry Reach, St Georges GE01, Bermuda. rowen@bbsr.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkis
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toaspern
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knap
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Depledge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000201:enzymology; D008974:Mollusca; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002802:Cholinesterases