title: PNA targeting the PBS and A-loop sequences of HIV-1 genome destabilizes packaged tRNA3(Lys) in the virions and inhibits HIV-1 replication.
abstract: During assembly of the HIV-1 virions, cellular tRNA(Lys)(3) is packaged into the virion particles and is utilized as a primer for the initiation of reverse transcription. The 3'-terminal 18 nucleotides of the cellular tRNA(Lys)(3) are complementary to nucleotides 183-201 of the viral RNA genome, referred to as the primer binding sequence (PBS). Additional sequences (A-Loop) upstream of the PBS are essential for tRNA primer selection. We report here that a PNA targeted to PBS and A-Loop sequence (PNA(PBS)) exhibits high specificity for its target sequence and prevents tRNA(Lys)(3) priming on the viral genome. We also demonstrate that PNA(PBS) is able to invade the duplex region of the tRNA(Lys)(3)-viral RNA complex and destabilize the priming process, thereby inhibiting the in vitro initiation of reverse transcription. The endogenously packaged tRNA(Lys)(3) bound to the PBS region of the viral RNA genome in the HIV-1 virion is efficiently competed out by PNA(PBS), resulting in near complete inhibition of initiation of endogenous reverse transcription. Examination of the effect of PNA(PBS) on HIV-1 production in CEM cells infected with pseudotyped HIV-1 virions carrying luciferase reporter exhibited dramatic reduction of HIV-1 replication by nearly 99%. Analysis of the mechanism of PNA(PBS)-mediated inhibition indicated that PNA(PBS) interferes at the step of reverse transcription. These findings suggest the antiviral efficacy of PNA(PBS) in blocking the process of HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA. kaushik@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Neerja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Virendra N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000502:physiology*; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019065:Virus Assembly; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys; D012367:RNA, Viral