title: Thermoradiotherapy for local control of chest wall invasion in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the feasibility of hyperthermia combined with concurrent radiotherapy (thermoradiotherapy) for pain relief and local control of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading to the chest wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with advanced NSCLC (eight stage IIIB and five stage IV) and severe pain caused by chest wall invasion of tumor were treated with thermoradiotherapy. During the conventional fractionated radiotherapy period, 8-MHz radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia was administered once or twice per week for a total of three to nine treatment sessions. Pain relief, objective tumor response, thermometry, and toxicity were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of the 13 patients (92%) experienced satisfactory pain relief, and objective tumor shrinkage was observed in 11 of the 13 patients (85%), including complete regression in two. The thermometry parameters of minimum and maximum intratumor temperatures, mean of all intratumor temperatures, and rate of the time during which intratumor temperature was 41 degrees C or higher were 37.6 +/- 0.8 degrees C, 42.4 +/- 0.7 degrees C, 40.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C, and 80.1 +/- 8.6%, respectively. Adverse reactions included local transient skin pain in three patients, but no major toxicity was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent thermoradiotherapy for chest wall invasion by advanced NSCLC was feasible, with tolerable toxicity, and it may be effective for pain relief and local tumor control. Further studies comparing thermoradiotherapy and radiotherapy alone for such patient populations are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. sakao@virolo3.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakao
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ooiwa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010146:Pain; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000473:pathology*