New perspectives on the overactive bladder: pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.
In the United States alone, approximately 17 million men and women have symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). For many years, oxybutynin was the drug of choice for treating OAB. Although it provided effective treatment, multiple daily doses were required, and adverse events, such as dry mouth and constipation, were decided drawbacks. Controlled drug delivery systems seen in commercially available OAB formulations alter the pharmacokinetics of antimuscarinic medications in ways that maintain efficacy and allow once-daily dosing and reduction of adverse events. In the future, OAB medications will not only incorporate new chemical entities, such as the S-enantiomer of oxybutynin, but will also use novel drug delivery technologies, including transdermal patches and bladder implants.
Gupta
Suneel
S
ALZA Corporation, Mountain View, California, USA. suneel.gupta@alza.com
Sathyan
Gayatri
G
Mori
Timothy
T
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D003408:Cresols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D008333:Mandelic Acids; C005419:oxybutynin