title: [Hormonal anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic ocular drugs and their use (review of the literature)].
abstract: Recent reports have shown a worldwide increase of allergic diseases during the past 10-20 years. One of the risk factors of allergic diseases is atmospheric pollution. Ocular allergic disorders contain 2-15 percents of all allergic diseases. Corticosteroids have been useful in control of inflammatory and immunologic diseases of the eye. The anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids are nonspecific and they inhibit inflammation without regard to cause. Topical therapy is effective in anterior segment of eye. New modes of delivering a drug to the eyes are being actively explored. Formulation characteristics markedly increase drug residence time in the eye and absorption. The difficulty for drugs to penetrate through the cornea is combined with their rapid removal through the tear system and their dilution by reflex tearing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacy Organization, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Asta Marija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Inkeniene
authors.forename: Rimantas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klimas
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013256:Steroids; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013256:Steroids