title: Molecular and functional characterization of carp TNF: a link between TNF polymorphism and trypanotolerance?
abstract: Two carp tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) genes have been cloned and sequenced. Both TNF1 and TNF2 sequences have several polymorphisms in the 3' UTR and TNF2 has a polymorphism in the coding sequence. Lipopolysaccharide and the protozoan blood flagellate Trypanoplasma borreli induced expression of TNFalpha in carp head kidney phagocytes when added in vitro. Differential expression was observed, with TNF2 being higher expressed than TNF1. We used the TNFalpha-specific inhibitor pentoxifylline to demonstrate the involvement of carp TNFalpha in the induction of nitric oxide and in the stimulation of cell proliferation. In addition, two carp lines differing in their resistance to T. borreli were typed for the TNF2 polymorphism and association between one isoform and resistance was found.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. jeroen.saeij@celb.edc.war-ur.nl
authors.forename: Jeroen P J
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Saeij
authors.forename: René J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stet
authors.forename: Beja J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Willem B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: van Muiswinkel
authors.forename: Geert F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Wiegertjes
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D016830:Kinetoplastida; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010586:Phagocytes; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010431:Pentoxifylline