title: Two in one: patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) to prevent erection and control pain in adult hypospadias-surgery patients.
abstract: Following penile surgery, erections are painful and may prejudice the result, because the sutures may not withstand a rigid erection. Therefore, prevention of erection and management of pain are extremely important following hypospadias repair, especially in adult patients. In this prospective study, we aimed to achieve these goals by using an epidural block with patient-controlled analgesia. We allocated 20 adult patients scheduled for hypospadias repair randomly either to receive or not to receive epidural analgesia. Postoperative pain was scored according to a standardised scoring system, based on a 10 point visual analogue scale. In group I (n = 10), analgesia was provided by a 3 ml h(-1) continuous infusion of fentanyl (2 microg) and bupivacaine solution (0.125%) in 1 ml saline via an epidural catheter for the first 3 days. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia was administered with an additional 5 ml of the same solution when the pain score was high (> 4). After 3 days, fentanyl was excluded from the treatment protocol, and analgesia was maintained with bupivacaine (0.125%). In group II (n = 10, control group), an epidural catheter was not inserted, and analgesia was maintained with pethidine (1 mg kg(-1)). Pain management was found to be more effective in group I. No erections occurred in group I, but the erection rate in group II was mean +/- s.d. = 1.7 +/- 0.2. The differences were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). We highly recommend the technique described here, which offers efficient analgesia and control of erection in adult hypospadias patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sengezer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Süer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010410:Penile Erection; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies