title: Superstitions regarding health problems in different ethnic groups in Karachi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the superstitions regarding health problems in different ethnic groups, their implications over the socio-economic development of that group and to what extent can those superstitions be related to their level of literacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a questionnaire-based survey, 20 subjects from each ethnic group were selected by cluster sampling of residential areas where that particular group has its highest concentration, making a total of 100 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that most people (73%) do have some superstitious beliefs. Fifty percent of people believe in them as a part of culture and tradition, another 25% got them from their elders. No significant difference was found between different racial groups (p value = 0.9). According to literacy rate, 73.5% of literate community and 94.1% illiterate community were found to have superstitions. The occupation of the breadwinner of family didn't have a significant impact over the belief in superstitions (p value = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Majority of our population believes in superstitions, which are more common in illiterates. These superstitions not only predict health seeking behaviour of a person but also play a major role in shaping the response of a community to any health intervention program. Without the knowledge of these superstitions, effective community participation cannot be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. ssib@gem.net.pk
authors.forename: S S I
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bukhari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardhan
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Choudry
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pardhan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nayeem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology; D013483:Superstitions