title: Anti-hyperlipidemic sesquiterpenes and new sesquiterpene glycosides from the leaves of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.): structure requirement and mode of action.
abstract: The methanolic extract from the leaves of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was found to suppress serum triglyceride elevation in olive oil-loaded mice. Through bioassay-guided separation, sesquiterpenes (cynaropicrin, aguerin B, and grosheimin) were isolated as the active components together with new sesquiterpene glycosides (cynarascolosides A, B, and C). The oxygen functional groups at the 3- and 8-positions and exo-methylene moiety in alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone ring were found to be essential for the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpene. In addition, inhibition of gastric emptying was shown to be partly involved in anti-hyperlipidemic activity.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002994:Clofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D031942:Cynara / Q000737:chemistry*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D012997:Solvents; D002994:Clofibrate; D000432:Methanol