title: Effect of long-term continuous combined hormone replacement therapy with estradiol valerate and either dienogest or norethisterone acetate on mammographic density in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the appearance of the breast on screening mammography is of considerable interest and may have important practical implications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the mammographic breast density during long-term continuous combined HRT with 2 different preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients were studied. Fifteen were treated with Climodien (Schering, 2 mg estradiol and 2 mg dienogest [E2/dienogest]), and 4 patients were treated with Kliogest (Novo Nordisk, 2 mg estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate [E2/NETA]). All were followed with yearly mammography for 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in the mammographic density was noted in 3 patients (15.8%). The change was evident after the first year of treatment with no further change during the rest of the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term therapy with continuous combined HRT (E2/dienogest or E2/NETA) increased breast density in 3/19 (15.8%) of the patients. Our results suggest that the effect of these HRT preparations on mammographic density may be less significant than suggested by the results of similarly designed trials evaluating different HRT preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sheinovo Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Dimiter B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Georgiev
authors.forename: Nikolai A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Manassiev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D045167:Progesterone Congeners; C023635:dienogest; D004958:Estradiol; D009277:Nandrolone; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone