title: Spirituality Index of Well-Being Scale: development and testing of a new measure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB) Scale in a patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling elderly individuals (n = 277) recruited from primary care clinic sites in the Kansas City metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal consistency, concurrent construct validity, discriminant validity, and factor analysis with Varivax rotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial version of the SIWB contained 40 items: 20 from a self-efficacy domain and 20 from a life scheme domain. Factor analysis yielded 6 items loaded most strongly on factor 1 (intrapersonal self-efficacy) and 6 other items loaded strongly on factor 2 (life scheme). The Self-efficacy subscale had an alpha of.83 and the Life Scheme subscale had an alpha of.80; the total 12-item SIWB Scale had an alpha of.87. The SIWB had significant and expected correlations with other quality-of-life measures related to subjective well-being: EuroQol (r =.18), Geriatric Depression Scale (r = -35), the Physical Functioning Index from the Short Form 36 (r =.28), and the Years of Healthy Life Scale (r = -.35). Religiosity did not correlated significantly with the SIWB (r =.12, P =.056).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 12-item SIWB Scale is a valid and reliable measure of subjective well-being in an older patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. tim_daaleman@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Daaleman
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D029181:Spirituality