title: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is safe and effective in patients 90 years of age and older.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients 90 years and older.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ERCP is effective in the investigation and treatment of biliary disease; however, in the very elderly, a perception of high procedural risk and lack of efficacy may limit its use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of ERCPs performed on patients 90 years of age and older from one institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1987-2000, 23 ERCPs were performed on patients 90 years of age and more (16 women; age range, 90-96 years). The primary indications were obstructive jaundice (16 patients), pancreatitis (2), cholangitis (1), unexplained abdominal pain (1), and planned follow-up (3). The main endoscopic findings were common bile duct (CBD) stone (15 patients), pancreatic carcinoma (2), cholangiocarcinoma (2), and dilated duct (only 1). Sixteen sphincterotomies were performed, with successful common duct clearance in 10 patients. Seven biliary stents were inserted for benign disease and three, for malignancy. In two patients, CBD cannulation was unsuccessful. Three minor hemorrhages were controlled endoscopically. Three patients died of nonprocedural causes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERCP is safe and effective in the very elderly. The decision to undergo ERCP should be determined by clinical need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry, Northern Ireland. mitch080@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Robert Michael Stephen
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dickey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome