title: SOD1 activity and protective factors in familial ALS patients with L84F SOD1 mutation.
abstract: METHODS
  The activity and amount of SOD1 in erythrocyte lysates and the plasma amino acid content were evaluated in four familial ALS patients bearing the L84F SOD1 mutation (fALS), in an asymptomatic family member with the mutation (L84F(5)), in sporadic ALS patients (sALS) and controls. Three of the fALS patients and the L84F(5) subject were tested once a year for three consecutive years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the first evaluation SOD1 activity was similar in controls, sALS and fALS; the amount of SOD1 protein was lower (P < 0.01) in fALS. In the subsequent 2 years, 34% and 52% decrease of SOD1 activity was recorded in fALS patients. The plasma amino acid pattern did not differ between controls and sALS, whereas fALS patients displayed high levels of plasma aspartate and glutamate. Aspartate was in the normal range but glutamate was still elevated in the subsequent evaluations. The L84F(5) subject had remarkably low levels of aspartate, glutamate and branched-chain amino acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of measuring mutant SOD1 amount is indirect but the results are indicative of a reduction of mutant SOD1 taking place during fast-worsening phases of the disease. Since the disease onset of fALS patients is 42.8 +/- 11.3 years and the L84F(5) family member is asymptomatic at the age of 66, low levels of excitotoxic and branched-chain amino acids in plasma may constitute a protective factor against disease development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiological and Pharmacological Sciences, Neurological Institute C. Mondino, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alimonti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malaspina
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feletti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tessera
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Finotti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rehak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zerbi
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Poloni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceroni
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1