Fc receptor homologs: newest members of a remarkably diverse Fc receptor gene family.
Newfound relatives of the classical Fc receptors (FcR) have been provisionally named the Fc receptor homologs (FcRH). The recent identification of eight human and six mouse FcRH genes substantially increases the size and functional potential of the FcR family. The extended family of FcR and FcRH genes spans approximately 15 Mb of the human chromosome 1q21-23 region, whereas in mice this family is split between chromosomes 1 and 3. The FcRH genes encode molecules with variable combinations of five subtypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The presence of a conserved sequence motif in one Ig domain subtype implies Ig Fc binding capability for many FcRH family members that are preferentially expressed by B lineage cells. In addition, most FcRH family members have consensus tyrosine-based activating and inhibitory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains, while the others lack features typical of transmembrane receptors. The FcRH family members, like the classical FcRs, come in multiple isoforms and allelic variations. The unique individual and polymorphic properties of the FcR/FcRH members indicate a remarkably diverse Fc receptor gene family with immunoregulatory function.
Davis
Randall S
RS
Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Dennis
Glynn
G
Odom
Mary R
MR
Gibson
Andrew W
AW
Kimberly
Robert P
RP
Burrows
Peter D
PD
Cooper
Max D
MD
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011961:Receptors, Fc