title: A comparison of the plaque-inhibitory properties of stannous fluoride and low-concentration chlorhexidine mouthrinses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plaque inhibition by chlorhexidine (CHX) rinses is dose related with a relatively flat dose-response curve above 5-6 mg twice daily. Low dose regimens could therefore reduce local side effects but maintain reasonable efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the plaque inhibitory properties of two low-dose CHX rinse products with more conventional levels delivered from proprietary rinses. A secondary outcome was a comparison with a stannous fluoride/amine fluoride (SFAF) rinse product.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a five-treatments, negative controlled, randomised, single blind crossover design balanced for residual effects, involving 20 healthy subjects in a 24-h plaque re-growth model. On day 1 of each study period, subjects were rendered plaque free, suspended tooth cleaning and followed the appropriate rinse regimen. On day 2, subjects were scored for plaque by index and area. The rinse codes and rinsing regimens were: (A) 15 mg CHX 2 x daily for 30 s (0.1% CHX), (B) 9 mg CHX 2 x daily for 60 s (0.06% CHX), (C) 10 ml SFAF rinse 1 x daily for 30 s, (D) 15 ml placebo 2 x daily for 60 s, and (E) 6 mg CHX 2 x daily for 30 s (0.06% CHX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average mouth plaque indices and areas were highly significantly different between rinsing regimens. All test rinses were significantly more effective than the placebo rinse. There was a mean dose-response pattern for the CHX rinses, but there were no statistically significant differences between any of the test rinses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower doses of chlorhexidine in rinses can be used to exert plaque inhibition comparable with products used at higher doses and equivalent to benchmark products such as the SFAF rinse. However, the availability of chlorhexidine from formulations has to be considered as in part explaining the results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Claydon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C094808:amine fluoride solution; D002710:Chlorhexidine