title: The cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 regulates olfactory adaptation in C. elegans.
abstract: Prolonged odor exposure causes a specific, reversible adaptation of olfactory responses. A genetic screen for negative regulators of olfaction uncovered mutations in the cGMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4 that disrupt olfactory adaptation in C. elegans. G protein-coupled olfactory receptors within the AWC olfactory neuron signal through cGMP and a cGMP-gated channel. The cGMP-dependent kinase functions in AWC neurons during odor exposure to direct adaptation to AWC-sensed odors, suggesting that adaptation is a cell intrinsic process initiated by cGMP. A predicted phosphorylation site on the beta subunit of the cGMP-gated channel is required for adaptation after short odor exposure, suggesting that phosphorylation of signaling molecules generates adaptation at early time points. A predicted nuclear localization signal within EGL-4 is required for adaptation after longer odor exposure, suggesting that nuclear translocation of EGL-4 triggers late forms of adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Developmental Biology, Neuroscience, and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Noelle D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: L'Etoile
authors.forename: Cara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coburn
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eastham
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kistler
authors.forename: Gloriana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: Cornelia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bargmann
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003360:Cosmids / Q000235:genetics; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; C102183:tax-2 protein, C elegans; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C470349:EGL-4 protein, C elegans; D006152:Cyclic GMP