title: Simultaneous repair of pectus excavatum and congenital heart disease over the past 30 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pectus excavatum may be present in patient requiring operations for cardiac defects. The study was undertaken in order to assess our simultaneous repairs of pectus excavatum and congenital heart disease over past 30 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1970 and 2000, 12 patients underwent simultaneous repair of pectus excavatum and congenital heart disease. Six of 12 patients had ventricular septal defects as cardiac malformations (subgroup A). Operative technique, after the intracardiac procedure using cardiopulmonary bypass, consists of total subperichondrial resection of deformed costal cartilages, transection of deformed portion of the sternum in 2-3 points, and fixation of the sternum in elevated position using two Kirschner wires and a bridge external traction. Postoperative catheterization was performed in five of 12 patients (subgroup B). We evaluated the operative data, the improvement of pectus deformity and right ventricular performance retrospectively. The operative data in subgroup A were compared with those in recent random patients with ventricular septal defects only or with pectus excavatum only (control groups).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no operative death and non-serious complications were seen in nine patients (atelectasis in six, superficial wound infection in two, chylothorax in one). Pectus deformities improved with the drop of vertebral index postoperatively. The mean total operative time and postoperative drainage in subgroup A were 128.4% and 123.7%, respectively of those in the ventricular septal defect control group. The mean perioperative bleeding in subgroup A was more than the sum of those in control groups. Right ventricular end-diastolic (RVEDVI), end-systolic (RVESVI), stroke (RVSVI) volume indices and ejection fraction (RVEF) in subgroup B tended to increase after surgery. In particular, there were significant increases of RVEDVI (35%, P<0.05) and RVSVI (77%, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous cardiac and pectus repairs were performed successfully without serious complications. Moreover, simultaneous repair resulted in an improvement of right ventricular performance with significant increases of RVEDVI and RVSVI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Kobe Children's Hospital, 1-1-1 Takakura-dai, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0081, Japan. tomoeri@bj8.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masahiho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Shigeteru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ootaki
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right