title: Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus-related opportunistic infections in France: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: A simulation model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, which incorporated French data on the progression of HIV disease in the absence of antiretroviral therapy and on cost, was used to determine the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of different strategies for the prevention of opportunistic infections in French patients who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Compared with use of no prophylaxis, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) increased per-person lifetime costs from euro 185,600 to euro 187,900 and quality-adjusted life expectancy from 112.2 to 113.7 months, for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of euro 18,700 per quality-adjusted life-year (euro/QALY) gained. Compared with use of TMP-SMZ alone, use of TMP-SMZ plus azithromycin cost euro 23,900/QALY gained; adding fluconazole cost an additional euro 54,500/QALY gained. All strategies that included oral ganciclovir had cost-effectiveness ratios that exceeded euro 100,000/QALY gained. In the era of HAART, on the basis of French data, prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmic encephalitis, and Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia is cost-effective. Prophylaxis against fungal and cytomegalovirus infections is less cost-effective than are other therapeutic options for HIV disease and should remain of lower priority.
authors.affiliation: Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Lille, France. yyazdan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazdanpanah
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Goldie
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Paltiel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Losina
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coudeville
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salamon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Freedberg
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000191:economics; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005602:France; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D011788:Quality of Life