title: Ethical dilemmas in antibiotic prescribing: analysis of everyday practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore general practitioners' (GP's) views on their obligations with respect to diagnosing infections and prescribing antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GP's reflections and prioritization were studied by means of interviews and observations. We analysed how their prioritization complied with an ethical guidance that ranked patient autonomy and welfare highest, then competence obligations and obligations to society, followed by fraternal obligations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Balancing of pros and cons was prominent in our informants' decision making but often resulted in decisions that deviated from the ethical guidance. The ranking varied much between the GPs. The highest priorities in the GPs' practice were related to the patient's everyday life (sometimes autonomy, sometimes beneficence in a broad sense), doctor-patient relationship (communication competence), the patient's perceived importance on the job market (society) and relationship with colleagues (fraternal). Perceived lack of resources and uncertainty with respect to both diagnostic and treatment decisions frequently influenced decision making.
authors.affiliation: The Pharmaceutical Society of Iceland, Holtaseli 36, IS-109 Reykjavík, Iceland. igunnbj@itn.is
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Björnsdóttir
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000941:ethics*; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D005194:Family Practice / Q000941:ethics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000941:ethics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents