title: Models of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) initial conversion by yeasts.
abstract: The original models of the initial steps of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) conversion by yeasts are presented. Saccharomyces sp. ZS-A1 reduced nitro groups of TNT producing isomeric monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (HADNT) as the key initial metabolites (molar ratio HADNT/TNT was up to 0.81), whereas aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and the hydride-Meisenheimer complex of TNT (H-TNT) were the minor products. Conversely, Candida sp. AN-L13 transformed TNT almost quantitatively into H-TNT, thus realizing the alternative attack, consisting of the TNT aromatic ring reduction. The third type of conversion, revealed in Candida sp. AN-L14, is the combination of both above mechanisms and produces an equimolar mix of HADNT and H-TNT. In the toxicity tests with Paramecium caudatum, the supernatant of Saccharomyces sp. ZS-A1, which converts TNT into HADNT, was most toxic while the supernatant of Candida sp. AN-L13 (TNT --> H-TNT) was least toxic. The microorganisms converting TNT quantitatively to the reactive metabolites can be useful for their immobilization through the detoxifying interaction with the soil components such as humic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kazan State University, 18 Kremlevskaya str, Kazan 420008, Russia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zaripov
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Naumov
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Abdrakhmanova
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Garusov
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Naumova
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010247:Paramecium / Q000187:drug effects; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014303:Trinitrotoluene