title: Effect of thermocycling on bond strength and elasticity of 4 long-term soft denture liners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two problems found in prostheses with soft liners are bond failure to the acrylic resin base and loss of elasticity due to material aging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on the bond strength and elasticity of 4 long-term soft denture liners to acrylic resin bases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four soft lining materials (Molloplast-B, Flexor, Permasoft, and Pro Tech) and 2 acrylic resins (Classico and Lucitone 199) were processed for testing according to manufacturers' instructions. Twenty rectangular specimens (10 x 10-mm(2) cross-sectional area) and twenty cylinder specimens (12.7-mm diameter x 19.0-mm height) for each liner/resin combination were used for the tensile and deformation tests, respectively. Specimen shape and liner thickness were standardized. Samples were divided into a test group that was thermocycled 3000 times and a control group that was stored for 24 hours in water at 37 degrees C. Mean bond strength, expressed in megapascals (MPa), was determined in the tensile test with the use of a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Elasticity, expressed as percent of permanent deformation, was calculated with an instrument for measuring permanent deformation described in ADA/ANSI specification 18. Data from both tests were examined with 1-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test, with calculation of a Scheffé interval at a 95% confidence level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the tensile test under control conditions, Molloplast-B (1.51 +/- 0.28 MPa [mean +/- SD]) and Pro Tech (1.44 +/- 0.27 MPa) liners had higher bond strength values than the others (P <.05). With regard to the permanent deformation test, the lowest values were observed for Molloplast-B (0.48% +/- 0.19%) and Flexor (0.44% +/- 0.14%) (P <.05). Under thermocycling conditions, the highest bond strength occurred with Molloplast-B (1.37 +/- 0.24 MPa) (P <.05). With regard to the deformation test, Flexor (0.46% +/- 0.13%) and Molloplast-B (0.44% +/- 0.17%) liners had lower deformation values than the others (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this in vitro study indicated that bond strength and permanent deformity values of the 4 soft denture liners tested varied according to their chemical composition. These tests are not completely valid for application to dental restorations because the forces they encounter are more closely related to shear and tear. However, the above protocol serves as a good method of investigation to evaluate differences between thermocycled and control groups.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Renato Ribeiro
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Marcelo Ferraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Guilherme Elias Pessanha
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Mauro Antôonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Arruda Nóbilo
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003819:Denture Bases; D003822:Denture Liners; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; C078091:Flexor Dental Liner; C020964:MDX 4-4210; D008689:Methacrylates; C098877:PermaSoft denture liner; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D014867:Water; C040291:Lucitone