title: Inhibition of mammalian ribonucleases by endogenous adenosine dinucleotides.
abstract: The most potent low molecular weight inhibitors of pancreatic RNase superfamily enzymes reported to date are synthetic derivatives of adenosine 5(')-pyrophosphate. Here we have investigated the effects of six natural nucleotides that also incorporate this moiety (NADP(+), NADPH, ATP, Ap(3)A, Ap(4)A, and Ap(5)A) on the activities of RNase A and two of its homologues, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and angiogenin. With eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and angiogenin, Ap(5)A is comparable to the tightest binding inhibitors identified previously (K(i) values at pH 5.9 are 370 nM and 100 microM, respectively); it ranks among the strongest small antagonists of RNase A as well (K(i)=230 nM). The K(i) for NADPH with angiogenin is similar to that of Ap(5)A. These findings suggest that Ap(5)A and NADPH may serve as useful new leads for inhibitor design. Examination of inhibition under physiological conditions indicates that NADPH, ATP, and Ap(5)A may suppress intracellular RNase activity significantly in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, One Kendall Square, Building 600, Third Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Anwar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009249:NADP / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; C012275:P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate; D009249:NADP; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; D012260:Ribonucleases; C046366:angiogenin; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic