title: Chemopreventive effect of celecoxib and expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 on chemically-induced rat mammary tumours.
abstract: We investigated the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumours and also the expression and immunolocalization of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 in the various stages of rat mammary carcinogenesis. Rats were divided into normal control group, DMBA-control group, 500 p.p.m. celecoxib-treated group, and 1500 p.p.m. celecoxib-treated group. Both incidence and multiplicity values of tumour for rats treated with celecoxib were less than those in rats of the DMBA-control group. The level of prostaglandin E2 was higher in tumours of the DMBA-control and both celecoxib-treated groups compared to normal mammary glands of each group. In Western blot analysis, all tumours of the DMBA-control group expressed COX-1, whereas normal mammary glands showed insignificant expression. COX-2 expression was observed in 67% of the DMBA-control group and 20% of both celecoxib-treated groups and was absent in normal mammary glands. COX-1 protein was localized in the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of epithelial tumour cells abutting on glandular lumen, stromal cells, and endothelial cells. COX-2 protein was detected in the perinuclear cytoplasm of tumour cells bordering on glandular lumen and surrounding stroma, stromal cells, and vascular smooth muscle. In the DMBA-control group, invasive carcinoma cells showed higher positive immunoreactivity of COX-2 than carcinomas in situ and atypical tumours. Tumours displayed an increased number of mast-like cells with COX-2 expression in comparison to carcinomas in situ. Our results suggest that COX-1 and COX-2 expression in tumour cells and stromal cells play an important role in the various stages of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, we reconfirm that celecoxib reduces the growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Kyongju, Kyongbuk, Korea. taejung@mail.dongguk.ac.kr
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Ho Guen
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ki Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Min Ku
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: O
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; D000068579:Celecoxib