title: Photodynamic therapy using verteporfin-induced minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) after photodynamic therapy using verteporfin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  After four cycles of photodynamic therapy, general weakness with generalized edema developed in an otherwise healthy 66-year-old woman, resulting in dyspnea and ascites. Urinalysis showed heavy proteinuria (4+) with decreased serum total protein and albumin, and increased total cholesterol levels, suggesting nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy and pathologic diagnosis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal biopsy revealed normal glomeruli and tubulointerstitium by light microscopy, with no immunoglobin or complement deposition. Transmission electron microscopy showed diffuse effacement of the foot processes of visceral epithelial cells, which is the characteristic finding of minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We herein report a case of minimal change nephrotic syndrome after photodynamic therapy using verteporfin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Sodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shin W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shin J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyun O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyoung J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D000077362:Verteporfin
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; D002784:Cholesterol