title: The arginine deiminase pathway in the wine lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B: structural and functional study of the arcABC genes.
abstract: The genes implicated in the catabolism of the amino acid arginine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X(1)B were investigated to assess the potential for formation of ethyl carbamate precursors in wine. L. hilgardii X(1)B can use arginine via the arginine deiminase pathway. The complete nucleotide sequence of the arc genes involved in this pathway has been determined. They are clustered in an operon-like structure in the order arcABC. No evidence was found for the presence of a homologue of the arcD gene, coding for the arginine/ornithine antiporter. The arc genes have been expressed in Escherichia coli resulting in arginine deiminase (ArcA), ornithine carbamoyltransfera (ArcB) and carbamate kinase (ArcC) activities. The results indicate the need for caution in the selection of lactic acid bacteria for conducting malolactic fermentation in wine since arginine degradation could result in high amounts of ethyl carbamate.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologi;a, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario Eduardo
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: María Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Manca de Nadra
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017851:Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; D017851:Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor); C019288:carbamate kinase; D006867:Hydrolases; C019723:arginine deiminase