title: Is induction of fetal diuresis with intraamniotic furosemide effective for the removal of intestinal waste products from amniotic fluid?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In gastroschisis, contact with amniotic fluid (AF) causes intestinal damage. Intraamniotic meconium has been shown to be responsible for the intestinal damage, and intestinal damage has been shown to correlate with intraamniotic meconium concentrations. Intraamniotic meconium below a threshold level does not cause intestinal damage. Intraamniotic meconium concentrations can be lowered by AF exchange. Can induction of foetal diuresis by an intraamniotic injection of furosemide be used as an alternative method for the same purpose?
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant rabbits on the 23rd - 25th gestational days (normal gestation time: 31 - 33 days) were divided into two groups, the control group and the furosemide group. Initial AF samples were taken, then either 5 mg/kg furosemide or a placebo was injected into the amniotic cavity. Final AF samples were obtained 6 hours later. AF urea nitrogen, creatinine, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the initial and final levels of AF urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase in the control group, while the final AF urea nitrogen and creatinine levels of the furosemide group were not significantly different from the initial levels (p > 0.05). Final AF bilirubin, amylase and alkaline phosphatase levels of the furosemide group were significantly decreased compared with initial levels (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of foetal diuresis with intraamniotic furosemide is effective for the removal of intestinal waste products from amniotic fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dokuz Eylül University, Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hakgüder
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ateş
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olguner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riza Sişman
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Akgür
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D000818:Animals; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000150:complications*; D007267:Injections; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008470:Meconium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D005665:Furosemide