title: Cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic resection of extramucosal bladder endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Involvement of the bladder is seen in only 1% to 2% of patients with endometriosis. The diagnosis of vesical endometriosis is difficult to formulate, and it should be confirmed by cystoscopy with biopsy. However, this examination is often insufficient because of the submucosal-transmural location of the lesion. Therefore, laparoscopic examination represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis. We describe a case of recurrent bladder endometriosis treated by a combined endoscopy technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old woman presented with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and persistent cystitis. The endometriotic lesion on the posterior wall of the bladder consisted in a 2.5-cm nodule growing into the vesical muscularis and raising the overlying peritoneum. We performed laparoscopic resection employing a cystoscopy-assisted technique in order to preserve the integrity of the vesical mucosa. Resection was carried out and monitored from inside the bladder with the cystoscope and laparoscope lights turned on during the whole procedure ("light-to-light" technique).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This minimally invasive combined endoscopic procedure could represent a good alternative to partial cystectomy for muscle-infiltrating bladder endometriosis that does not involve the vesical mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reconstructive Pelvic Endosurgery, Reproductive Medicine Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy. seracchioli@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seracchioli
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mannini
authors.forename: Filippo Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reggiani
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venturoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*