title: Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB is necessary for myotrophin-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
abstract: The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates expression of a variety of genes involved in immune responses, inflammation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Here, we show that in rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes, activation of NF-kappaB is involved in the hypertrophic response induced by myotrophin, a hypertrophic activator identified from spontaneously hypertensive rat heart and cardiomyopathic human hearts. Myotrophin treatment stimulated NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, accompanied by IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation. Consistently, myotrophin-induced NF-kappaB activation was enhanced by wild-type IkappaB kinase (IKK) beta and abolished by the dominant-negative IKKbeta or a general PKC inhibitor, calphostin C. Importantly, myotrophin-induced expression of two hypertrophic genes (atrial natriuretic factor [ANF] and c-myc) and also enhanced protein synthesis were partially inhibited by a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithio-carbamate (PDTC), and calphostin C. Expression of the dominant-negative form of IkappaB-alpha or IKKbeta also partially inhibited the transcriptional activity of ANF induced by myotrophin. These findings suggest that the PKC-IKK-NF-kappaB pathway may play a critical role in mediating the myotrophin-induced hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Sudhiranjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nicole H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Anning
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Subha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000378:metabolism; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006133:Growth Substances; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D009281:Naphthalenes; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D010617:Phenanthridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C065700:myotrophin; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C016299:chelerythrine; D008156:Luciferases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C058819:calphostin C