title: N-n-alkylnicotinium analogs, a novel class of nicotinic receptor antagonists: interaction with alpha4beta2* and alpha7* neuronal nicotinic receptors.
abstract: The current study demonstrates that N-n-alkylnicotinium analogs with increasing n-alkyl chain lengths from 1 to 12 carbons have varying affinity (Ki = 90 nM-20 microM) for S-(-)-[3H]nicotine binding sites in rat striatal membranes. A linear relationship was observed such that increasing n-alkyl chain length provided increased affinity for the alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, with the exception of N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI). The most potent analog was N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI; Ki = 90 nM). In contrast, none of the analogs in this series exhibited high affinity for the [3H]methyllycaconitine binding site, thus indicating low affinity for the alpha7* nAChR. The C8 analog, NONI, had low affinity for S-(-)-[3H]nicotine binding sites but was a potent inhibitor of S-(-)-nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine (DA) overflow from superfused striatal slices (IC50 = 0.62 microM), thereby demonstrating selectivity for the nAChR subtype mediating S-(-)-nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow (alpha3alpha6beta2* nAChRs). Importantly, the N-n-alkylnicotinium analog with highest affinity for the alpha4beta2* subtype, NDNI, lacked the ability to inhibit S-(-)-nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow and, thus, appears to be selective for alpha4beta2* nAChRs. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the interaction of these analogs with the alpha4beta2* subtype is via a competitive mechanism. Thus, selectivity for the alpha4beta2* subtype combined with competitive interaction with the S-(-)-nicotine binding site indicates that NDNI is an excellent candidate for studying the structural topography of alpha4beta2* agonist recognition binding sites, for identifying the antagonist pharmacophore on the alpha4beta2* nAChR, and for defining the role of this subtype in physiological function and pathological disease states.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0082, USA. ldwoskin@uky.edu
authors.forename: Lincoln H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Grinevich
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: Linda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dwoskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004079:Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
chemical_list: C579165:Chrna7 protein, rat; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C403531:nicotinic receptor alpha4beta2; D004079:Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine; D009538:Nicotine; D004298:Dopamine