title: Microarray analysis of bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor beta, and activin early response genes during osteoblastic cell differentiation.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta family, is a potent regulator of osteoblast differentiation. In addition, both TGF-beta and activin A can either induce bone formation or inhibit bone formation depending on cell type and differentiation status. Although much is known about the receptors and intracellular second messengers involved in the action of TGF-beta family members, little is known about how selectivity in the biological response of individual family members is controlled. In this study, we have investigated selective gene induction by BMP-2, TGF-beta1 and activin A in relation to their ability to control differentiation of mouse mesenchymal precursor cells C2C12 into osteoblastic cells. TGF-beta1 can inhibit BMP-2-induced differentiation of these cells, whereas activin A was found to be without morphogenetic effect. Using a gene expression microarray approach covering 8636 sequences, we have identified a total of 57 established genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were either up-regulated or down-regulated 2 h after treatment with at least one of these three stimuli. With respect to the established genes, 15 new target genes for TGF-beta family members thus were identified. Furthermore, a set of transcripts was identified, which was oppositely regulated by TGF-beta1 and BMP-2. Based on the inverse biological effects of TGF-beta1 and BMP-2 on C2C12 cells, these genes are important candidates for controlling the process of growth factor-induced osteoblast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diana S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Everardus J J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Zoelen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauerschmidt
authors.forename: Wiebe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Olijve
authors.forename: Wilma T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Steegenga
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017931:DNA Primers; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C422405:activin A; D028341:Activins; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits