title: Subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection versus extravesical reimplantation for primary low grade vesicoureteral reflux in children: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compare the outcome of extravesical ureteral reimplantation to endoscopic polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique, Uroplasty, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota) subureteral injection for primary low grade vesicoureteral reflux in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2000, 180 patients underwent polydimethylsiloxane injection (74, 108 ureters) or extravesical ureteral reimplantation (106, 166 ureters) for low grade vesicoureteral reflux. Low grade reflux was defined as grades I to III. Outcome analysis included success rates, de novo hydronephrosis, voiding efficiency, urinary tract infections and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age at surgery for the injection and surgery groups was 60 and 77 months, and mean followup was 12 and 15 months, respectively. Of the patients who underwent single injection 80.6% were cured of reflux at 3 months and 91.6% were cured at last followup. Success rate after reimplantation was 95.8% at 3 months which improved to 98.8% 1 year later. The success rate was significantly different between the injection and reimplantation groups at 3 and 12 months (p <0.01). Postoperative complications in the reimplantation group included transient urinary retention after bilateral surgery in 2 patients (3.3%), suprapubic fluid collections in 2 and wound seroma in 1. No complications occurred in the polydimethylsiloxane group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extravesical ureteral reimplantation has near perfect success with a low but definite complication rate. Polydimethylsiloxane offers high success rates for reflux in an ambulatory setting with no short-term complications. Currently, endoscopic polydimethylsiloxane injection is our preferred mode of therapy for low grade vesicoureteral reflux in children when surgical correction is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aboutaleb
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolduc
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bägli
authors.forename: Antoine E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes