title: Role of environmental estrogens in the deterioration of male factor fertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of the environmental estrogens polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and phthalate esters (PEs) as potential environmental hazards in the deterioration of semen parameters in infertile men without an obvious etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care referral infertility clinic and academic research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one infertile men with sperm counts <20 million/mL and/or rapid progressive motility <25% and/or <30% normal forms without evidence of an obvious etiology and 32 control men with normal semen analyses and evidence of conception. Semen and blood samples were obtained as part of the treatment protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of semen parameters such as ejaculate volume, sperm count, motility, morphology, vitality, osmoregulatory capacity, sperm chromatin stability, and sperm nuclear DNA integrity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCBs were detected in the seminal plasma of infertile men but not in controls, and the concentration of PEs was significantly higher in infertile men compared with controls. Ejaculate volume, sperm count, progressive motility, normal morphology, and fertilizing capacity were significantly lower in infertile men compared with controls. The highest average PCB and PE concentrations were found in urban fish eaters, followed by rural fish eaters, urban vegetarians, and rural vegetarians. The total motile sperm counts in infertile men were inversely proportional to their xenoestrogen concentrations and were significantly lower than those in the respective controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCBs and PEs may be instrumental in the deterioration of semen quality in infertile men without an obvious etiology.
authors.affiliation: Assisted Conception Services Unit, Mahavir Hospital and Research Center, Hyderabad, India. drrozati@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rozati
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddanna
authors.forename: Rubina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mujtaba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004952:Esters / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012424:Rural Population; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls