title: Differential induction of midazolam metabolism in the small intestine and liver by oral and intravenous dexamethasone pretreatment in rat.
abstract: 1. Midazolam is metabolized in the rat by CYP3A enzymes to 4-OH-midazolam (4-OH-MDZ) and 1'-OH-midazolam (1'-OH-MDZ). The induction of midazolam metabolism was studied in male Wistar rats treated with dexamethasone (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) during 4 days via the oral or intravenous routes. Microsomes were prepared from the liver and the proximal small intestine and in vitro metabolism of midazolam was determined. In addition, CYP3A1- and CYP3A2-like protein levels were measured by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. 2. The V(max)'s (mean SEM) for 4-OH-MDZ and 1'-OH-MDZ formation were much lower in intestinal (0.078 +/- 0.002 and 0.074 +/- 0.002 microM min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively) compared with hepatic microsomes prepared from the uninduced rat (0.870 +/- 0.007 and 0.310 +/- 0.020 microM min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively). Induction by oral or intravenous dexamethasone pretreatment led to significant increases in V(max) for 4-OH-MDZ and 1'-OH-MDZ by both intestinal and hepatic microsomes. Oral dexamethasone pretreatment via the oral route resulted in a more pronounced increase in V(max) compared with intravenous administration of the inducer. 3. CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 protein levels in liver microsomes were significantly increased following oral (3.7- and 3.2-fold, respectively) or intravenous (2.6- and 2.1-fold, respectively) pretreatment with dexamethasone. On the contrary, only oral dexamethasone pretreatment resulted in a significant change in intestinal CYP3A2-like protein (7.3-fold). A slight difference in the migration distance of the immunoreactive band for CYP3A2 was also observed for intestinal microsomes. 4. These results suggest that intestinal CYP3A enzymes in the rat differ from hepatic CYP3A1 and CYP3A2. They also demonstrate that systemic dexamethasone administration can induce intestinal microsome activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Eeckhoudt
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horsmans
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Verbeeck
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018757:GABA Modulators; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C465260:Cyp3a2 protein, rat; C465138:Cyp3a23-3a1 protein, rat; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D008874:Midazolam