title: Cytokine modified tumor vaccines.
abstract: The immune system can recognize tumors, but may be actively tolerized to tumors during the tumorigenesis process. The identity of most tumor antigens remains unknown, but the number is growing due to new techniques. Most clinical trials using genetically modified tumor vaccines have shown immunological responses (DTH), but few clinical responses. Certain chemotherapeutic agents may enhance the immune effects of genetically modified tumor vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, Room 4M86, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Todd D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jaffee
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005544:Forecasting; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor