title: The severity and spatial distribution of visual field defects in primary glaucoma: a comparison of primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the characteristics of visual field defects in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with primary glaucoma aged 30 years and older were prospectively considered for inclusion. Automated static white-on-white perimetry was performed. A minimum of 2 reliable tests was required with a mean deviation (MD) within 2 dB on 2 tests. Subjects with previous symptomatic angle-closure, normal-tension glaucoma, visually significant cataract, or previous intraocular surgery were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 234 subjects assessed, 129 had POAG, and 105 had PACG. The MDs (POAG group, -13.3 dB; PACG group, -18.0 dB) indicated more severe visual loss in subjects with PACG. In subjects with POAG, the superior hemifield was more severely affected than the inferior. This was less pronounced in subjects with PACG. Following stratification by MD, the difference between hemifields was marked in the mild (-10 dB<or=MD) and moderate (-20 dB<or=MD<-10 dB) subgroups but was not present in the severe (MD<-20 dB) subgroup. We detected differences between POAG and PACG in retinal sensitivity between the superior and inferior hemifields, independent of severity of damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of visual field loss was different in the 2 diseases. This may give insight into the pattern of visual loss in predominantly pressure-dependent glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore.
authors.forename: Gus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Ananth C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Joe G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Devereux
authors.forename: Francis T S
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Oen
authors.forename: Paul T K
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Peng T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Steve K L
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields