title: Orbital myositis in scleritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between scleritis and myositis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, non-comparative case series. Records and ultrasonograms were examined of 132 patients, with a diagnosis of episcleritis or scleritis, who attended the ophthalmology department at Leiden University Medical Center between 1997 and 2000. 103 were eligible for comprehensive examination. Medical records were evaluated. Ultrasonography was performed in all patients diagnosed with episcleritis or scleritis. Clinical features, precipitating factors, systemic associations, ocular complications, treatment, and outcome of each patient were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 103 patients, 27 (26.2%) had episcleritis and 76 (73.8%) had scleritis. Myositis was found to be present in 11 patients. It was present in 14.5% of all patients with scleritis and 30.5% of those in whom the posterior sclera was affected. The presence of the associated myositis did not worsen the visual prognosis and the presence of myositis was not associated with other systemic diseases. There were no cases of unilateral scleritis with bilateral orbital myositis. During an attack ocular complications were more common in patients with scleritis and myositis (64%) than in patients with scleritis alone (30.4%), indicating a more diffuse and potentially dangerous inflammation. There was no evidence that the inflammatory changes in the orbit had spread to involve the sclera, so it is assumed that the muscle changes are an extension of a generalised response to intense inflammation of the episclera and sclera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found a frequent association between myositis and scleritis. Prognosis for vision was not affected by coexistence of myositis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Z F H M
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Boonman
authors.forename: R J W
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: De Keizer
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Graniewski-Wijnands
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016727:Orbital Pseudotumor / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015423:Scleritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology