title: Evaluation of the risk factors associated with lipodystrophy development in a cohort of HIV-positive patients.
abstract: The prevalence of lipodystrophy in an HIV-infected population and the risk factors associated with body shape changes were analysed in this study. Five hundred and four subjects were included. Among these, 201 (39.9%) had features of lipodystrophy syndrome (cases); 303 (60.1%) constituted the control group. Compared with the control group, the lipodystrophy subjects were different in age (P = 0.01); duration of antiretroviral therapy (P < 0.001); length of exposure to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (P < 0.001) and to protease inhibitors (P < 0.001); nadir of CD4 cell count (P < 0.001); and value of plasma HIV-RNA before antiretroviral therapy (P = 0.008). In a multivariate analysis, length of therapy and a nadir CD4 cell count below 250 cell/microl were associated with an increased risk of lipodystrophy. Among patients with lipodystrophy, isolated fat loss was observed in 46 (23%); isolated fat accumulation in 40 (20%); mixed (loss and accumulation) syndrome in 50 (25%); and isolated metabolic changes in 65 (32%). Subjects with morphological alterations displayed a greater cumulative time of exposure to NRTIs and to protease inhibitors than patients with isolated metabolic alterations. Patients with lipoatrophy had had a greater exposure to stavudine.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Department, IRCCS, Policlinico S. Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleng
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seminari
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minoli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacchi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filice
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zocchetti
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meneghetti
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maserati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral