title: ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) is expressed in various tissues, including malignant melanoma, prostate cancer cell lines, and prostate cancer. We aimed to clarify the expression patterns of ALCAM in normal and malignant prostate tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA from 54 matched pairs of microdissected prostate tissue (tumor and normal) was hybridized to a custom built 4K GeneChip. Frozen section immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the ALCAM expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chip-based transcript analysis revealed an up-regulation of ALCAM in prostate cancer in 22% of cases. Immunohistochemistry showed a focally raised ALCAM expression in 81% and a decreased expression in 19% of cases. These expression patterns correlated significantly with Gleason tumor grade: ALCAM up-regulation was found in most low-grade tumors (Gleason grade 1-3), whereas down-regulation occurred preferentially in high-grade tumors (Gleason grade 4 and 5), although up-regulation of ALCAM expression was preserved in two Gleason grade 5 tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALCAM expression is commonly disturbed in prostate cancer, which might indicate a role of ALCAM in the progression of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. glen.kristiansen@charite.de
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilarsky
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wissmann
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weissbach
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietel
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D020410:Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012313:RNA; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020410:Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule; D012313:RNA