title: Movement rate effect on activation and functional coupling of motor cortical areas.
abstract: We investigated changes in the activation and functional coupling of bilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas with different movement rates in eight normal volunteers. An auditory-cued repetitive right-thumb movement was performed at rates of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz. As a control condition, subjects listened to pacing tones with no movements. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 28 scalp electrodes and electromyogram was obtained from the hand muscles. The event-related changes in EEG band-power (ERpow: activation of each area) and correlation (ERcor: functional coupling between each pair of cortical areas) were computed every 32 ms. Modulations of ERpow and ERcor were inspected in alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (16-20 Hz) bands. Motor cortical activation and coupling was greater for faster movements. With increasing movement rate, the timing relationship between movement and tone switched from synchronization (for 0.5-1 Hz) to syncopation (for 3-4 Hz). The results suggested that for slow repetitive movements (0.5-1 Hz), each individual movement is separately controlled, and EEG activation and coupling of the motor cortical areas were immediately followed by transient deactivation and decoupling, having clear temporal modulation locked to each movement. In contrast, for fast repetitive movements (3-4 Hz), it appears that the rhythm is controlled and the motor cortices showed sustained EEG activation and continuous coupling.
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1428, USA.
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mima
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerloff
authors.forename: Tatsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koshy
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001611:Beta Rhythm; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors