title: [Retroperitoneoscopic hand-assisted nephrectomy for live donor: Akita University experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic nephrectomy is being employed in renal transplantation because of its minimal invasiveness, and several modifications in surgical procedures have been proposed. We devised a new technique of retroperitoneoscopic hand-assisted nephrectomy (RHAN) for live donor. We report the early experiences with this technique in 5 cases of live renal graft donor. TECHNIQUES AND SUBJECTS: The donors are placed in a modified decubitus position under general anesthesia, and all the laparoscopic surgical procedures were performed retroperitoneally using 3 port sites and a sealing device (LAP DISC) under a pressure of 10 mmHg. The LAP DISC is placed through a para-rectus abdominal skin incision of approximately 8 cm in length into the retroperitoneal cavity and used as a rout for instrumental as well as hand-assisted manipulations during the surgery. The hand-assistance through the LAP DISC made the surgical manipulation considerably easier and allowed the immediate removal of the graft after the interruption of the renal blood flow. This procedure was applied to 5 subjects, 4 in the left and one in the right kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operating data were 264-359 min for operating time, 0.9-3.9 min for warm ischemic time and 40-755 ml for intra-operative blood loss, respectively. The serum creatinine level of the recipients at day 7 was 0.9-2.7 mg/dl. These values, except for operating time, were at the same range as those of the open live donor nephrectomy in our clinic. The 5 donors discharged 7-9 days after RHAN without any surgical complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our technique of RHAN will be a minimal invasive one in terms of both for the donors and the grafts, and be widely acceptable for donor nephrectomy on either side.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Naotake
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*