title: [Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) from 1981 to 2001].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the epidemiological characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in Gipuzkoa (Spain) as well as the serotype distribution among these episodes and to analyze the potential impact of new conjugate vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of cases of IPD in the pediatric population (< 15 years) between 1981 and 2001. Patients were included if blood, cerebrospinal, joint or peritoneal fluid isolates were culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-nine episodes (30 meningitis, 39 bacteremic pneumonia, 7 peritonitis, 1 arthritis and 52 bacteremia without focus) were identified. The incidence of IPD in children increased throughout the study period and from 1999-2001 was 12.6 cases per 100,000/ year in children aged < 15 years, 34.5 in those < 5 years, 48.4 in those < 2 years and 40.8 in infants < 2 months. The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis was similar throughout the study period (1981-2001): 1.3 in children aged < 15 years, 3.5 in those < 5 years, 8.1 in those < 2 years and 10.2 in infants < 2 months. From 1989 to 2001 mortality was 1 % (1/98 cases). The pneumococcal serotypes and serogroups present in the 7-valent vaccine accounted for 60.5 % and 70.9 % of the cases (9-valent vaccine: 70.2 % and 80.6 %; 11-valent vaccine: 76.6 % and 87.2 %). From 1999-2001, penicillin resistance was 35.4 % and erythromycin resistance was 38.7 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of IPD in children in Gipuzkoa has increased in the last few years, with rates similar to those in other European countries. Continued surveillance is required to assess the impact of the new conjugate vaccines on this infection.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Microbiología Hospital Donostia. San Sebastian. Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iglesias Sánchez
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Pérez-Yarza
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Arenzana
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valiente Méndez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pérez-Trallero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines