title: Effect of an orally applied herbal immunomodulator on cytokine induction and antibody response in normal and immunosuppressed mice.
abstract: The influence of the oral administration of a herbal immunomodulator, consisting of an aqueous-ethanolic extract of the mixed herbal drugs Thujae summitates, Baptisiae tinctoriae radix, Echinaceae purpureae radix and Echinaceae pallidae radix, on cytokine induction and antibody response against sheep red blood cells was investigated in mice. The treatment of the animals with the extract caused no enhancement of the cytokine titers in the serum. Spleen cells isolated from the treated mice, however, produced higher amounts of IL-2, IFNgamma and GM-CSF ex vivo in comparison to spleen cells isolated from control animals, especially after additional stimulation by lipopolysaccharides or concanavalin A. The application of the extract also triggered the production of IL-1 and TNFalpha by peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. The influence of the herbal extract on the antibody response was examined by the plaque forming cell assay. The administration of the extract caused a significant enhancement of the antibody response against sheep red blood cells, inducing an increase in the numbers of splenic plaque forming cells and the titers of specific antibodies in the sera of the treated animals. In mice, immunosuppressed by old age or additional treatment with hydrocortisone, the therapy with the extract resulted in a normalization of the antibody response against sheep red blood cells.
authors.affiliation: Schaper & Brümmer GmbH & Co. KG, Research and Development Department, Salzgitter, Germany. cornelia.bodinet@schaper-bruemmer.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodinet
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lindequist
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teuscher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freudenstein
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D029783:Thuja / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma