title: Photopigment gene expression and rhabdom formation in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).
abstract: This study examines the expression of the photopigment gene in the developing retina of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii(Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda). Both sense and anti-sense RNA probes were used for in situ hybridization (ISH) of whole embryos collected at various stages during development. A characteristic of retinal development is the formation of screening pigment in the retinular cells of the retinal ommatidia. This pigmentation is seen as a band that begins at the lateral side of the retinal field and progresses medially. At hatching the retina is approximately 50% pigmented. ISH of whole embryos shows that expression of the photopigment gene by the retinular cells correlates with the extent of the screening pigment band in the retina and with the presence of rhabdoms within the ommatidia. Sections taken through embryos after being hybridized indicate that staining is localized in the cytoplasm of the retinular cells and in the axonal region below the basement membrane. No staining reaction was seen in the rhabdoms of older ommatidia. ISH staining was also seen at the anterior midline of the protocerebrum where extraretinal photoreceptors have been reported. The data presented here show a close correlation of opsin expression within the retinular cells of the ommatidia and the formation of the very early rhabdoms, similar to Drosophila. The results will be discussed in relation to recent studies in Drosophila that suggest rhodopsin plays a role in effecting the organization of the terminal web-like cytoskeleton at the base of the developing rhabdom microvilli.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Optometry, 800 E. Atwater St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. hafner@indiana.edu
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tokarski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D017956:Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments