Possible signaling by glutathione and its novel analogue through potent stimulation of fontocortical G proteins in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease.
In the frontal cortex (FC) of the normally aging human brain, glutathione (GSH) and its novel analogue, UPF1, stimulate G proteins more than in Alzheimer's disease (AD) FC. In normal aging and in AD, UPF1 is a more efficient stimulator of G proteins than GSH. In normal FC, both GSH and UPF1 stimulate G proteins, which mediate inhibitory signals to the cAMP system; while in AD, only UPF1 exhibits the same action. Stimulation of G proteins and coupled signaling by GSH antioxidant analogues, as potential signaling molecules, may ameliorate the oxidative impairments of neuronal signaling in AD.
Karelson
E
E
Department of Biochemistry, Tartu University, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Mahlapuu
R
R
Zilmer
M
M
Soomets
U
U
Bogdanovic
N
N
Langel
U
U
D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D012016:Reference Values
D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D005978:Glutathione