title: Designing monitoring networks to represent outdoor human exposure.
abstract: Measurements of outdoor human exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM) are always constrained by available resources. An effective network design requires tradeoffs between variables measured, the number of sampling locations, sample duration, and sampling frequency. Sampling sites are needed to represent neighborhood and urban spatial scales with minimal influences from nearby sources. Although most PM measurements for determining compliance with standards are taken over 24-h periods every third to sixth day, outdoor human exposure assessment requires measurements taken continuously throughout the day, preferably over durations of 1 h or less. More detailed particle size and chemistry data are also desirable, as smaller size fractions and specific chemicals may be better indicators of adverse health effects than total mass samples.
authors.affiliation: Desert Research Institute, 2215 Reggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA. judyc@dri.edu
authors.forename: Judith C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Johann P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D010507:Periodicity; D011634:Public Health; D012107:Research Design; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants