title: Developmental effects of ambient UV-B light and landfill leachate in Rana blairi and Hyla chrysoscelis.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of ambient UV light on the development of two native species of anurans, Rana blairi and Hyla chrysoscelis, during their normal breeding season in Oklahoma. Additionally, the effects of ambient UV light and water contaminated with landfill leachate in Rana blairi were examined. Embryos were collected from the field and distributed equally among replicates of four filter treatments of ambient UV light in experimental tubs filled with either FETAX solution or landfill leachate diluted to 25, 10, and 5% concentrations. Three endpoints (mortality, teratogenesis, and growth) were compared between filter treatments. By itself, UV-B caused no significant effects. Leachate at 10 and 25% concentrations caused 100% mortality across all filter treatments. There was a significant interaction between filter treatment and water toxicity at leachate concentrations of 5% for both malformation and growth. Increased UV-B exposure decreased the malformation rate and increased growth in the leachate treatments.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Institute and Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA. bmontgo@okstate.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shipman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bantle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011898:Ranidae / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants