Reactive nitrogen species and cell signaling: implications for death or survival of lung epithelium.
Reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and nitrogen dioxide have been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory lung diseases. Yet, the molecular mechanisms and cell signaling events responsible for cellular injury remain to be elucidated. Two major signaling pathways, co-ordinately regulated and responsible for cell survival and cell death, involve nuclear factor kappa B and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, respectively. A review of these pathways, their modes of action, and their importance in executing oxidative stress responses in lung epithelial cells are discussed.
Janssen-Heininger
Yvonne M W
YM
Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA. yjanssen@zoo.uvm.edu
Persinger
Rebecca L
RL
Korn
Solange H
SH
Pantano
Cristen
C
McElhinney
Brian
B
Reynaert
Niki L
NL
Langen
Ramon C J
RC
Ckless
Karina
K
Shrivastava
Punya
P
Poynter
Matthew E
ME
D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases