title: Metastasis to infraclavicular lymph nodes in head and neck cancer: a report of three cases.
abstract: Metastasis predominantly occurs via the lymphatic system in head and neck tumors. The disturbance of the lymphatic system in the cervical region resulting from neck dissection or radiotherapy may result in unusual patterns of metastasis in patients with recurrent tumors. This is more frequent when the recurrent tumor invades the myocutaneous flap used for the primary reconstruction. We encountered three patients (2 men, 1 woman) with infraclavicular lymph node metastasis. All were previously treated by surgery, postoperative radiation therapy, and reconstruction with the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of Istanbul University, Turkey. erdamar@e-kolay.net
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erdamar
authors.forename: Yusufhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Süoğlu
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiyak
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hafiz
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aslan
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed