title: Concurrent determination of four fluoroquinolones in catfish, shrimp, and salmon by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
abstract: A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence detection was developed for concurrent determination of 4 fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), enrofloxacin (ENRO), sarafloxacin (SARA), and difloxacin (DIFLX) in catfish, shrimp, and salmon. The procedure consists of extraction from fish tissue with acidified ethanol, isolation and retention on a cation exchange solid-phase extraction column, elution with basic methanol, and LC analysis with fluorescence detection. LC is performed by isocratic elution with acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (16 + 84) mobile phase, and a PLRP-S polymer column with fluorescence detection, excitation 278 nm and emission 450 nm. A target level of 20 ppb for each of the 4 fluoroquinolones has been established for this method. Fortified and incurred fish sample results are based on a 5-point standard curve calculation (10-160 ppb). Overall percent recoveries (% relative standard deviation) from fortified catfish were 78 (10), 80 (11), 70 (9.4), and 78 (10); from fortified shrimp, 69 (5.9), 85 (4.9), 79 (5.9), and 90 (4.5); and from fortified salmon, 56 (15), 93 (5.6), 61 (11), and 87 (5.0) for CIPRO, ENRO, SARA, and DIFLX, respectively. Data from the analysis of fluoroquinolone-incurred catfish, shrimp, and salmon are presented.
authors.affiliation: jroybal@ora.fda.gov
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roybal
authors.forename: Calvin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Allen P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pfenning
authors.forename: Sherri B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Turnipseed
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hurlbut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism*; D012996:Solutions; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012996:Solutions