title: Electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy show greater heritability than echocardiographic left ventricular mass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the heritability (i.e. relative contribution of genetic factors to the variability) of continuous measures of left ventricular hypertrophy determined by electrocardiography and echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 955 members of 229 Caucasian families, ascertained through a hypertensive proband. Electrocardiographic measurements were performed manually on resting 12-lead electrocardiograms, and echocardiographic measurements were made on M-mode images. Sex-specific residuals for the left ventricular phenotypes were calculated, adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, weight, height, waist-hip ratio, and presence of diabetes. Heritability was estimated in two ways: firstly, from familial correlations with adjustment for spouse resemblance; and secondly by using variance components methods with ascertainment correction for proband status. The heritability estimates (given as a range derived from the two methods) were higher for Sokolow-Lyon voltage (39-41%) than for echocardiographic left ventricular mass (23-29%). Electrocardiographic left ventricular mass, Cornell voltage, and Cornell product had heritability estimates of 12-18%, 19-25%, and 28-32%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic factors may explain a substantial proportion of variability in quantitative electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy. The greater heritability of Sokolow-Lyon voltage suggests that electrocardiographic phenotypes may be particularly important for the molecular investigation of the genetic susceptibility to cardiac hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mayosi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keavney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kardos
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ratcliffe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farrall
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype