title: Persistence and leaching of beta-cyfluthrin in alluvial soil of India.
abstract: Persistence as affected by rate of application and moisture regimes and leaching of beta-cyfluthrin was studied in alluvial soil under laboratory conditions. The effects of rate of application and moisture regimes on persistence were studied by incubating fortified soil at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg(-1) under air-dry, field capacity and submerged moisture regimes. The initial deposits of 0.09, 1.11 and 10.1 mg kg(-1) dissipated with time and 78.4-100% loss was recorded at 90 days. The half-life values varied from 7.8 to 41.8 days. The rate of dissipation decreased as the rate of application increased under field capacity and submerged conditions. However, under air-dry conditions, the effect was less pronounced, and half-life values showed a reverse trend. Persistence of beta-cyfluthrin under different moisture regimes followed the trend: air-dry > field capacity > submerged. The trend could be attributed to the effect of moisture on number and type of microbes. Leaching was studied in a packed soil column under saturated flow conditions. beta-Cyfluthrin was found to be highly immobile in alluvial soil. No residues were detected in any leachate fraction under the experimental conditions. In column soil, residues were detected at 0-10 cm depth and the major amount (>99%) was recovered from 0-5 cm depth. Although beta-cyfluthrin showed moderate persistence in alluvial soil, the possibility of its leaching to ground water is negligible as a result of its immobility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vijay T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Gajbhiye
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006207:Half-Life; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000378:metabolism*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C052570:cyfluthrin