title: Treadmill training with partial body weight support and an electromechanical gait trainer for restoration of gait in subacute stroke patients: a randomized crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare treadmill and electromechanical gait trainer therapy in subacute, nonambulatory stroke survivors. The gait trainer was designed to provide nonambulatory subjects the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overexerting therapists.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, controlled study with a crossover design following an A-B-A versus a B-A-B pattern. A consisted of 2 weeks of gait trainer therapy, and B consisted of 2 weeks of treadmill therapy. Thirty nonambulatory hemiparetic patients, 4 to 12 weeks after stroke, were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups receiving locomotor therapy every workday for 15 to 20 minutes for 6 weeks. Weekly gait ability (functional ambulation category [FAC]), gait velocity, and the required physical assistance during both kinds of locomotor therapy were the primary outcome measures, and other motor functions (Rivermead motor assessment score) and ankle spasticity (modified Ashworth score) were the secondary outcome measures. Follow-up occurred 6 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups did not differ at study onset with respect to the clinical characteristics and effector variables. During treatment, the FAC, gait velocity, and Rivermead scores improved in both groups, and ankle spasticity did not change. Median FAC level was 4 (3 to 4) in group A compared with 3 (2 to 3) in group B at the end of treatment (P=0.018), but the difference at 6-month follow up was not significant. The therapeutic effort was less on the gait trainer, with 1 instead of 2 therapists assisting the patient at study onset. All but seven patients preferred the gait trainer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed gait trainer was at least as effective as treadmill therapy with partial body weight support while requiring less input from the therapist. Further studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Klinik Berlin, Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Free University Berlin, Greifswald, Germany. bhesse@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Von Frankenberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Treig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hesse
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000078329:Workforce