title: The use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in sex selection for family balancing in India.
abstract: This paper describes the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in sexing embryos for family balancing in a private IVF clinic in India from April 1999 to April 2001. Embryos were biopsied and analysed on day 3, cultured in sequential media and then transferred on day 4 or day 5 after morphological selection of the best embryos. From a total of 42 cycles started, 14 clinical pregnancies and nine live births have been achieved so far, with five ongoing pregnancies. The benefits of delayed transfer 24-48 h after the embryo biopsy are that PGD centres could use the extra time available to confirm the diagnosis or introduce additional diagnostic tests for the same embryo. The selection of blastocysts for transfer should also permit the transfer of fewer embryos, thus reducing the risk of multiple gestations and increasing the pregnancy rate as a consequence of the expected higher implantation rate. This is the first report of the use of PGD in sex selection for family balancing in India, where couples place a premium on having baby boys, and the social and ethical aspects of the use of this technology in this setting are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Malpani Infertility Clinic, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India. malpani@vsnl.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malpani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malpani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modi
mesh_terms: D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007194:India; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*