title: The three-item clock-drawing test: a simplified screening test for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) has been used to screen for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a supplement to cognitive tests that focus on memory impairment. We examined a comprehensive scoring system of the CDT in screening of AD in a Chinese population and derived a simplified scoring system. All 403 (144 AD and 259 nondemented) subjects were administered the CDT, including both the drawing part (CDT-D) and the copying part (CDT-C). The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and the Clinical Dementia Rating were also administered. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to develop a simplified CDT scoring system. The optimal CDT cutoff scores (CDT-D: 10/11; CDT-C: 12/13) show intermediate sensitivity (CDT-D: 66.7%; CDT-C: 51.4%) and specificity (CDT-D: 74.5%; CDT-C: 74.1%). The simplified 3-item CDT scoring system, with a cutoff score of 2/3, has a sensitivity of 72.9% and a specificity of 65.6%; it can be used as a quick test for AD screening.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ker-Neng
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei-Ning
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Ya-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012016:Reference Values; D013624:Taiwan