title: Expression of kinase genes in primary hyperparathyroidism: adenoma versus hyperplastic parathyroid tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiation between parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma is difficult and based on the surgeon's skill. Microarrays and other sophisticated research tools generate information about differential gene expression in various tissues. Exploration of genes that express differentially in 1 tissue will enable identification and perhaps development of new methods of preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA was extracted from parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma tissue and hybridized to a microarray containing 359 human complementary DNAs of known kinase genes. Signals of exposure were scanned and quantified with software for digital image analysis (Atlas-image, v. 2; Clontech Labs Inc, Palo Alto, Calif). The program generates a color schematic comparison view and numeric data in a tabular format for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio values that are considered significant (< 0.5 or > 1.5) suggest that genes up-regulated in parathyroid adenoma are those responsible for angiogenesis and production of blood vessels. Genes down-regulated in parathyroid adenoma and expressed in hyperplasia are related to a decrease in apoptosis. Moreover, an interesting gene expressed only in the hyperplasia sample is increased in relation to in vivo proliferation activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma are different physiologic conditions. Further analysis of kinase genes involved in angiogenesis and apoptosis will enable design of a chip that concentrates in the different key genes responsible for the transition between hyperplasia and adenoma. Identifying such genes will enable to target both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 'A' E. Wolfson Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Pinhas P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayesh
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laster
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czerniak
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochberg
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000503:physiopathology; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases