title: The injured child is resistant to multiple organ failure: a different inflammatory response?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) is a well-described phenomenon in adults, the incidence of this syndrome in children is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, course, and severity of pediatric postinjury MOF. We hypothesized that the incidence and severity of postinjury MOF in children would be less when compared with adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were retrospectively identified from the trauma registry of a regional pediatric trauma center and an adult Level I trauma center with pediatric commitment for a 3-year period. All trauma patients less than 16 years old who survived for longer than 24 hours and had an Injury Severity Score > 15 were eligible. An accepted MOF score was used. Categorical variables were compared by chi2 and continuous variables by t test. A value of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 534 patients identified, 334 (63%) were admitted for evaluation of isolated head injury and excluded from further analysis. The rate of postinjury MOF in children was found to be only 3%, with a low (17%) mortality when compared with historical adult data (50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of postinjury MOF in the child is less than in the adult, given equivalent injury severity. These observations solidify the contention that postinjury MOF is rare in children, and is less severe when it occurs. Delineating the mechanism(s) whereby children are protected from postinjury MOF may provide insight into the development of strategies to prevent MOF in other age groups as well as various disease states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. casey.calkins@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Casey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: Denis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bensard
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Biffl
authors.forename: Alden H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harken
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Partrick
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Offner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014193:Trauma Centers