title: Life-cycle and host specificity of Amblyomma tigrinum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.
abstract: Biological data of three generations of Amblyomma tigrinum in the laboratory are reported and the suitability of different host species for immature ticks are compared. Grouping the three generations, infestations by both the larval and nymphal stages were performed on chickens (Gallus gallus), wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), rabbits (Orytolagus cuniculus), wild mice (Calomys callosus), dogs (Canis familiaris) and opossums (Didelphis albiventris). Only dogs were used for infestations by adult ticks. Tick developmental periods were observed in an incubator at 27 degrees C and RH 90%. The proportion of engorged larvae recovered from chickens (21.7% of the exposed larvae) was significantly larger (p<0.001) than those from the five mammal species used in the infestations (maximum of 3.1%). A significant larger (p<0.01) proportion of engorged larvae successfully molted after being fed on chickens than on mammal hosts. The proportion of engorged nymphs recovered from chickens (28.8% of the exposed nymphs) was significantly larger (p0.001) than those from mammal hosts (range: 0-2.1%). Larvae showed similar feeding periods on exposure to different host species, except for those larvae fed on C. callosus, which showed significantly longer (p<0.001) feeding periods. Engorged larvae detachment peaked on the 5th feeding day, followed by the 6th day, on all hosts except for C. callosus. Larval premolt periods were similar for engorged ticks exposed to different host species, except for larvae fed on dogs, which showed significantly longer (p<0.001) premolt periods. Host detachment of engorged nymphs peaked on the 6th feeding day on chickens. Although nymphal detachment on rats peaked on the 8th day, only 15 nymphs were recovered from this host species. In a sample of 144 F3 nymphs fed on chickens no significant difference (p>0.10) was found between the feeding or premolt periods of 82 males and 62 females, but female nymphs were significantly heavier (p<0.005) than male nymphs. Sixteen engorged females (61.5% of the exposed ticks) were recovered after being fed on dogs. and all these females laid viable eggs. Chickens, the only avian host, were the most suitable host when compared with the five mammal species. Dogs were demonstrated to be a suitable host for adults of A. tigrinum, which is consistent with, several reports of adult A. tigrinum ticks parasitizing dogs in different areas of South America. Our results reinforce that in these same areas avian species are the major hosts for immature stages of this tick species.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. labruna@usp.br
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Labruna
authors.forename: Silvio L P
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Maurício C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinter
authors.forename: Solange M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gennari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000502:physiology*; D007753:Laboratories; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D009758:Nymph; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats