title: Protective effect of DNA-mediated immunization with a combination of SAG1 and IL-2 gene adjuvant against infection of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the immune response induced by SAG1 encoding plasmid combined with IL-2 gene adjuvant in mice and to assess the protective effect of this vaccination against toxoplasmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were co-injected intramuscularly with plasmid encoding Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 plus murine IL-2 expression vector at a dose of 100 microg. Booster immunizations were employed 2 more times at 3-week interval. As controls, mice were inoculated with PBS or empty plasmid pcDNA3. Humoral and cellular responses were assayed using ELISA for the determination of Ab, Ab isotype and IFN-gamma, as well as IL-4. To detect the integration and dissemination of DNA in the injected mice, PCR and in situ hybridization were performed. All mice were then infected with highly virulent RH tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii intraperitoneally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in specific IgG levels were observed in mice after immunization three times with SAG1 expression plasmid. With respect to the IgG isotype, co-inoculation of IL-2 expression plasmid enhanced the level of IgG2a and the production of IFN-gamma. Challenging mice by vaccinating with combined plasmids with RH tachyzoites resulted in prolonged survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Humoral and cytokine responses elicited by SAG1 DNA immunization can be modulated by co-inoculation with IL-2 expression plasmid. The use of DNA vaccine in combination with an appropriate cytokine gene to prevent T. gondii infection warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitology, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510089, China.
authors.forename: Guanjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Huanqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; C047168:SAG1 antigen, Toxoplasma; D019444:Vaccines, DNA