title: Crystal structures of C4 form maize and quaternary complex of E. coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases.
abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) catalyzes the first step in the fixation of atmospheric CO(2) during C(4) photosynthesis. The crystal structure of C(4) form maize PEPC (ZmPEPC), the first structure of the plant PEPCs, has been determined at 3.0 A resolution. The structure includes a sulfate ion at the plausible binding site of an allosteric activator, glucose 6-phosphate. The crystal structure of E. coli PEPC (EcPEPC) complexed with Mn(2+), phosphoenolpyruvate analog (3,3-dichloro-2-dihydroxyphosphinoylmethyl-2-propenoate), and an allosteric inhibitor, aspartate, has also been determined at 2.35 A resolution. Dynamic movements were found in the ZmPEPC structure, compared with the EcPEPC structure, around two loops near the active site. On the basis of these molecular structures, the mechanisms for the carboxylation reaction and for the allosteric regulation of PEPC are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirakata
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izui
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase