title: Diagnosis of neck recurrences in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is traditionally carried out with (131)I whole body scan ((131)I WBS) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement. Neck ultrasonography (US) is also used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the roles of Tg measurement (IRMA assay) after l-thyroxine (T4) withdrawal, (131)I WBS, and US in the diagnosis of DTC neck recurrences. Diagnosis of DTC neck recurrences was based on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or on histologic results. Four hundred ninety-four DTC patients (120 males, 374 females; mean age, 49.3 years), submitted to total thyroidectomy and subsequent radioablative (131)I treatment, underwent serum Tg measurement off T4 therapy, (131)I WBS, and neck US at our institution. Mean (+/- SD) follow-up time was 55.1 +/- 37.7 months. Neck DTC recurrences were detected in 51 (10.3%) patients (34 females, 17 males; mean age, 49.5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neck recurrences occurred after 44.6 +/- 21.4 months from initial treatment. Serum Tg levels increased (> or = 2 ng/mL) off T4 therapy in 29 patients (sensitivity 56.8%), (131)I WBS showed neck uptake in 23 patients (sensitivity 45.1%) and coexisting distant metastases were detected in 9 of 23 patients, and US identified neck recurrence in 48 patients (sensitivity 94.1%). Of these 48 neck recurrences, 19 were found in the laterocervical compartment and 29 in the central neck compartment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional techniques for the surveillance of DTC patients are not as sensitive as US in the detection of neck recurrences. Neck US detects recurrences in patients with undetectable serum Tg levels and negative IWBS and should be performed as the first-line test in the follow-up of all DTC patients.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Endocrinologia, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Viale Umberto I 50, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frasoldati
authors.forename: Marialaura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesenti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caroggio
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valcavi
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013954:Thyroglobulin