title: The effects of exercise and education, individually or combined, in women with fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of a supervised aerobic exercise program, a self-management education program, and the combination of exercise and education for women with fibromyalgia (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-two women were randomized into one of 4 groups: exercise-only, education-only, exercise and education, or control. The duration of the study was 12 weeks. All subjects were analyzed at 3 times: before study, immediately upon completion, and 3 months after completion of the intervention program on measures of disability, self-efficacy, fitness, tender point count, and tender point tenderness. Of the 152 women, complete data were available for 95 and 69 who complied with the protocol. In order to determine the group time interaction, a 2 way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for each measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only significant group time interaction was reported with the compliance analysis for the Self-Efficacy Coping with Other Symptoms subscale and the Six Minute Walk. If the program was followed, the combination of a supervised exercise program and group education provided persons with FM with a better sense of control over their symptoms. Fitness improved in the 2 groups undergoing supervised aerobic exercise programs. However, the improvement in fitness was maintained at followup in the exercise-only group and not the combined group. Conclusion. Subjects receiving the combination of exercise and education and who complied with the treatment protocol improved their perceived ability to cope with other symptoms. In addition, a supervised exercise program increased walking distance at post-test, an increase that was maintained at followup in the exercise-only group. Results demonstrate the challenges with conducting exercise and education studies in persons with FM.
authors.affiliation: Health Science Council Office, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharla J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Yagesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bhambhani
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sholter
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maksymowych
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome