title: Multisite phosphorylation provides sophisticated regulation of transcription factors.
abstract: Reversible phosphorylation is a prevalent mechanism by which the activity of eukaryotic transcription factors is regulated rapidly in response to changes in the cellular environment. Accumulated evidence has expanded the concept of phosphorylation to a process that provides dynamic and precise tuning of the transactivating potential of a factor, rather than being a static on/off switch. In the case of transcription factors such as heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), p53 and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), multisite phosphorylation enables several effects to operate within a single factor, thereby functioning as a key to signal integration. Studies on these transcription factors illustrate recent progress in solving the dynamic nature of transcriptional regulation by multisite phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Carina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Stefanie E F
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sistonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors