title: Cytokine production in response to endodontic infection in germ-free mice.
abstract: This study evaluated the cytokine profiles (type 1 or type 2) that are triggered by and modulate endodontic periapical infections in the root canal system of germ-free mice. Microorganisms isolated from two patients with pulpal necrosis were inoculated into two groups of experimental animals: group I (Gemella morbillorum) and group II (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clostridium butyricum). In vitro, G. morbillorum induced type 1 cytokine synthesis, while the modulation processed in vivo seemed to have the opposite effect, with a reduction in the basal levels of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, IL-4-independent down-modulation. In vitro, microorganisms from group II, in poly-infection, induced a reduction of type 1 cytokine levels from day 10 to day 20, which seemed to be modulated via IL-4. In vivo, however, a predominance of the immune response to one species over the others occurred.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Sobrinho
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Melo Maltos
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Uzeda
authors.forename: L Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039941:Bifidobacteriales Infections / Q000276:immunology; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005674:Fusobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000276:immunology; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D040141:Staphylococcaceae / Q000276:immunology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma