title: Induction of IL-8 and monoclyte chemoattractant protein-1 by doxorubicin in human small cell lung carcinoma cells.
abstract: We previously demonstrated doxorubicin-induced urokinase expression in human H69 SCLC cells by the microarray technique using Human Cancer CHIP version 2 (Takara Shuzo, Kyoto, Japan), in which 425 human cancer-related genes were spotted on glass plates (Kiguchi et al., Int J Cancer 2001;93:792-7). Microarray analysis also revealed significant induction of IL-8, a member of the CXC chemokines. We have, therefore, extended the observation by testing the effects of doxorubicin on expression of the chemokine family and provide here definitive evidence that doxorubicin induces IL-8 and MCP-1, one of the CC chemokines, at least in 2 human SCLC cells, H69 and SBC-1. IL-8 antigen levels, measured by ELISA, were markedly increased in both H69 and SBC-1 conditioned media after doxorubicin treatment, in parallel with mRNA levels; and this was dependent on the dose of doxorubicin. The ribonuclease protection assay, using a multiprobe template set for human chemokines, revealed induction of not only IL-8 but also MCP-1 in doxorubicin-treated H69 cells. MCP-1 antigen levels increased approximately 100-fold in doxorubicin-treated H69 cells. RT-PCR using specific primers for MCP-1 suggested that doxorubicin also induced MCP-1 expression in SBC-1 and SBC-3 SCLC cells. Futhermore, CAT analysis using IL-8 promoter implicated the PEA3 transcriptional factor, whose binding site was located immediately upstream of the AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding sites. Thus, it is suggested that doxorubicin induces IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokines in human SCLC cells by activating gene expression, in which at least PEA3 is involved. IL-8 and MCP-1 are major chemoattractants for neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, respectively; therefore, extensive induction of IL-8 and MCP-1 may provoke the interaction between inflammatory/immune cells and tumor cells under doxorubicin stimulation and influence many aspects of tumor cell biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibakura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiguchi
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asaumi
authors.forename: Nam-Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Mitsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D017931:DNA Primers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C065788:transcription factor PEA3; D004317:Doxorubicin; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase