title: The effects of preconditioning on the oxidative stress in small-bowel autotransplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One determining factor in intestinal transplantation is the extreme sensitivity of the small bowel to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study investigated the effect of ischemic preconditioning prior to autotransplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total orthotopic intestinal autotransplantation was performed in 40 mongrel dogs. In 4 groups (GI-GIV), grafts were stored for 3 hours in cold Euro Collins (GI,GIII) and University of Wisconsin (GII,GIV) solutions. In GIII and GIV, before preservation, preconditioning was induced by 4 cycles (5-min ischemia + 10-min reperfusion). Bowel samples were collected after laparotomy (control), at the end of preservation and reperfusion periods. We determined oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD]), production of oxygen free radicals, activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and DNA damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the non-preconditioned groups, GSH concentration increased slightly, while SOD activity decreased significantly during reperfusion. In the preconditioned groups, GSH increased markedly, and better preservation of SOD was observed. The number of oxygen free radicals increased during reperfusion mainly in non-preconditioned groups. Activation of NF-kappaB peaked by 1 hour, and decreased 3 hours after preconditioning. We observed DNA-damaged cells in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that preconditioning prior to preservation can moderate the severity of oxidative stress and activate the endogenous cellular adaptation in bowel tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferencz
authors.forename: Zalán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szántó
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borsiczky
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalmár-Nagy
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szeberényi
authors.forename: Péter Ors
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Róth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species