title: Potential importance of glomerular citrate synthase activity in remnant nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldosterone fosters progressive renal injury, but the mechanism is unknown. Both Wistar-Furth rats, which are resistant to aldosterone actions, and adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, which lack aldosterone, are characterized by resistance to remnant nephropathy and by reduced whole kidney citrate synthase activity. Increase in citrate synthase activity is a well-characterized, specific renal response to aldosterone. Therefore, we performed experiments to test the hypothesis that enhanced citrate synthase activity contributes to remnant nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat models included Wistar (control for Wistar-Furth), Wistar-Furth (resistant to aldosterone), Sprague-Dawley (normal), adrenalectomy (lacking aldosterone), and 5/6 nephrectomy (renal injury). Glomeruli were obtained by differential sieving. Citrate synthase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Binding characteristics of cytosolic mineralocorticoid receptors were determined by equilibrium competition binding between tritiated and unlabeled aldosterone. Gene sequencing was performed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescent dye terminators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In glomeruli isolated from adrenalectomized Wistar rats with intact renal mass, aldosterone stimulated a threefold increase in citrate synthase activity; this stimulation was not observed in glomeruli from Wistar-Furth rats. Similarly, citrate synthase activity in glomeruli isolated from adrenally intact Sprague-Dawley rats was 65% greater than that from adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared to sham surgery, subtotal nephrectomy resulted in 100% greater glomerular citrate synthase activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. In Wistar-Furth rats, mineralocorticoid receptor binding was not reduced, and mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor DNA binding segment were not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Citrate synthase activity is elevated in remnant glomeruli, and experimental models characterized by reduced glomerular citrate synthase activity (Wistar-Furth rats, adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats) are protected from remnant nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: The Medical University of South Carolina and The Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. ullianme@musc.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ullian
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gantt
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Baby G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Tholanikunnel
authors.forename: Eleanor K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Spicer
authors.forename: Wayne R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbon
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis; D015870:Gene Expression; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D000450:Aldosterone; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase