title: Diabetes mellitus is equally frequent in chronic HCV and HBV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To see the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) in patients suffering from chronic HBV or HCV related liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were selected from the gastroenterology OPD of the medical research centre, diabetic controls from private diabetes clinic and healthy controls from the blood bank of the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with chronic liver disease had HBV, HCV tested using ELISA and blood sugar using a glucometer mostly as a 2 hour post prandial sample. Healthy controls had their sugar and ALT checked while donating blood and HBV, HCV were checked routinely. In diabetic controls, blood sample was taken as sera stored for HBV,HCV and ALT and later tested in batches. A random sugar of > or = 200 mg/dl was taken as diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 400 patient with chronic liver disease 302 had HCV and 98 HBV infection. Diabetes was found in 24.5% HCV and 19.4% HBV related cases (not significant). Out of 410 healthy controls 18 were HCV and 17 HBV positive. Diabetes was found in only 1 (5.6%) HCV positive control and none of the HBV positive controls. Of 196 diabetics 10 (5.1%) were HCV positive and none HBV positive. Diabetes was more frequent in patients having liver cirrhosis than in those having chronic hepatitis (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes is equally frequent in both HBV and HCV related disease but is significantly more in those with chronic liver disease than in controls. The pancreatic damage secondary to extrahepatic viral replication appears to be the major cause but genetic factors also need to be explored.
authors.affiliation: PMRC Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Diabetes Clinic, Mideast Medical Centre, Karachi.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mujeeb
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies