title: The recurrence risk of adverse outcome in the second pregnancy in women with rheumatic disease1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study recurrence risks of adverse pregnancy outcome in the second pregnancy in women with rheumatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a national population-based cohort study, women with rheumatic disease recorded from 1967 to 1995 in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were compared with mothers without such diagnoses with regard to recurrence risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the second pregnancy. The odds ratios (ORs) of all outcomes were adjusted for maternal age, those of cesarean delivery for time period, and those of preeclampsia for interpregnancy interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with rheumatic disease an dadverse pregnancy outcome in the first pregnancy had a statistically significant higher recurrence risk of the same event in the second pregnancy than women without rheumatic disease (preeclampsia: OR 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18, 4.19) (cesarean delivery: OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05, 2.21) (preterm birth: OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.12, 3.11). In women with rheumatic disease diagnosed between the first and second births, a significantly increased recurrence risk of low birth weight occurred. Women with rheumatic disease also had a higher occurrence of markers for placental dysfunction (preeclampsia, preterm birth, or small for gestational age) in the second birth after any of these outcomes in the first birth (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02, 1.78) (35.1% versus 29.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recurrence risk of an adverse outcome in the second pregnancy is increased in any woman, but was even higher in women with a rheumatic disease. These patients should be counseled accordingly, be closely monitored during pregnancy, and have access to appropriate subspecialists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Center for Mothers with Rheumatic Disease, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway. johan.skomsvoll@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Johan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Skomsvoll
authors.forename: Valborg
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baste
authors.forename: Lorentz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Irgens
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Østensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D012008:Recurrence; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors