title: Characterization of pathogenic mutations in 21-hydroxylase gene of Pakistani patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their family members--a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize specific mutations within the 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21-B) using ARMS-PCR assay in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to compare it with that reported in other populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five families, having an index case with CAH diagnosed on the basis of clinical and biochemical findings volunteered to give blood samples for analysis. A strategy, based on ARMS-PCR (Amplified Refractory Mutation System) was employed for the detection of mutations in 21-hydroxylase gene. The products of ARMS-PCR were resolved on agarose gels and the PCR products were visualized over ultra violet illumination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six specimens were analyzed for common point mutations in the 21-hydroxlase genes at the nucleotide positions 659, 1004 and 1688. Seven samples belonged to index cases with CAH. Of these 7, the assigned sex was male in 5 and female in 2 cases. However, genotypic sex was 3 males and 4 females. The mean age was 8 months in 5 cases while the median 17-OH Progesterone levels was 273.2 ng/ml. Vomiting, precocious puberty and ambiguous genitalia were the presenting features in 2, 1 and 4 cases respectively. Analysis for mutation at 659, 100 and 1688 was performed on 7 index cases and the family members of 5 index cases. The mutation analysis for the family members of index case 6 and 7 was not performed due to non-availability of their blood specimens. Index case No. 1, 4 and 7 showed homozygosity for splice mutations at nucleotide position 659, intron 2 with a sequence change of A to G, while the index case No. 2 and 6 showed heterozygosity for the same mutation. No mutation was found at 659, 1004 or 1688 in index case No. 3 and 4 at the analyzed nucleotide position. Nineteen family members of Case Nos. 1-5 were also analyzed for the same mutations. (Family No. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 included 3, 2, 7, 4 and 5 members respectively). These included 8 males and 11 females. All were asymptomatic. Both the parents of index case 1 and 4 were heterozygous at 659 while the father of index case No. 2 was heterozygous at 659 and mother was normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated the A to G transition at nucleotide 659 causing aberrant splicing, reported for some other populations as the most commonly identified point mutations. All cases were appropriately assigned to paternal or maternal chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moatter
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase