title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the clorobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster: new insights into the biosynthesis of aminocoumarin antibiotics.
abstract: The biosynthetic gene cluster of the aminocoumarin antibiotic clorobiocin was cloned by screening of a cosmid library of Streptomyces roseochromogenes DS 12.976 with two heterologous probes from the novobiocin biosynthetic gene cluster. Sequence analysis revealed 27 ORFs with striking similarity to the biosynthetic gene clusters of novobiocin and coumermycin A(1). Inactivation of a putative aldolase gene, cloR, by in-frame deletion led to the abolishment of the production of clorobiocin. Feeding of the mutant with 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (Ring A of clorobiocin) restored clorobiocin production. Here, it is suggested that the formation of Ring A of clorobiocin may proceed via a retro-aldol reaction catalysed by CloR, i.e. by a mechanism different from the previously elucidated benzoic acid biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces maritimus. A comparison of the gene clusters for clorobiocin, novobiocin and coumermycin A(1) showed that the structural differences between the three antibiotics were reflected remarkably well by differences in the organization of their respective biosynthetic gene clusters.
authors.affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pojer
authors.affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Shu-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany1.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heide
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D049933:Aminocoumarins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003374:Coumarins / Q000378:metabolism; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009675:Novobiocin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D049933:Aminocoumarins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003374:Coumarins; D009675:Novobiocin; C006260:clorobiocin; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; C004628:coumermycin