title: Expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from Trichoderma asperellum (T. harzianum T-203).
abstract: The presence of the endochitinase CHIT36 from Trichoderma harzianum TM was assessed in several antagonistic Trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. CHIT37 from T. harzianum CECT 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with CHIT36 at the amino acid level. Northern analysis showed that chit36Y from T. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. Stress conditions, colloidal chitin and N-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this gene. The promoter of chit36Y was cloned and was used to direct expression of a gfp reporter gene in Trichoderma transformants. Confrontation experiments with the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani revealed that direct contact between the fungi is not necessary for gfp expression. The R. solani-inducing factor appears to be a soluble molecule capable of diffusing through a dialysis membrane (<12 kDa). CHIT36 recombinant protein from the yeast Pichia pastoris was active against different phytopathogens, confirming the importance of this endochitinase in the mycoparasitic activity of Trichoderma antagonistic strains.
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemistry Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. ada.viterbo@weizmann.ac.il
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viterbo
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: Ofir
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramot
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friesem
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llobell
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chet
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000494:pharmacology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C097190:Exc1 protein, Trichoderma harzianum; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C434315:Chit36 protein, Hypocrea lixii; D002688:Chitinases; D009584:Nitrogen