Increased probability of remaining in remission from panic disorder with agoraphobia after drug treatment in patients who received concurrent cognitive-behavioural therapy: a follow-up study.
BACKGROUND
Many short-term trials suggested that the combination of psychotherapy with medication might be more effective than either treatment alone. However, only few studies examined the long-term effectiveness of this combination.


METHODS
A private practice sample of consecutive patients with DSM-III-R panic disorder with agoraphobia who achieved remission after drug treatment with or without concurrent cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy were followed up. Patients were assessed before treatment, after treatment and at each follow-up contact with the Marks-Sheehan Phobia Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed on the time to panic disorder relapse. Cox regression analysis was used to control for the possible confounding effect of factors other than treatment.


RESULTS
Of patients who received medication alone (n = 32), 25 (78.1%) relapsed, prevalently (65.6%) during the first year. The estimated mean survival time was 12 months (95% CI 7-17). Of patients who received integrated treatment (n = 21), only 3 (14.3%) relapsed. The estimated mean survival time was 65 months (95% CI 44-86). Treatment was the only variable associated with the occurrence of relapse, with a hazard ratio of 12.6 (95% CI 2.5-63.3) for patients who received only medication.


CONCLUSIONS
Some methodological limitations, such as treatment allocation by preference, suggest caution in the interpretation of our results. However, the long-term therapeutic advantage of integrated treatment over medication alone was large and independent from known prognostic factors. The long-term effectiveness of integrated treatment should be tested with a randomised controlled trial.
Biondi
Massimo
M
Psychiatric Clinic (3rd), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. massimo.biondi@uniroma1.it
Picardi
Angelo
A
D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents