title: A randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of noncontact normothermic wound therapy on chronic full-thickness pressure ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of noncontact normothermic wound therapy (NNWT) versus standard wound care on chronic full-thickness pressure ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veterans administration medical center and 7 long-term-care facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 inpatients with 43 Stage III and IV pressure ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sterile noncontact wound dressing was applied to 21 wounds for 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Each day after the wound was irrigated and the noncontact dressing was changed, a heating element in the dressing was activated for 3 1-hour periods for 12 weeks or until wound closure. Twenty-two control wounds were treated with standard, moisture-retentive dressings 24 hours per day, 7 days per week for 12 weeks or until wound closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of wound surface area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healing rate for the NNWT group was significantly greater than for the control group (0.52 cm2 per week and 0.23 cm2 per week, respectively; P<.02). A clinically significant increase was seen among the NNWT group in the incidence of closure among wounds that completed the entire 12-week protocol compared with controls (11 of 14 or 79% and 8 of 16 or 50%, respectively; not significant). The mean slope of the individual regression analyses for the NNWT group was significantly different from the mean slope for the control group (-0.07 and -0.033, respectively; P<.05). Large wounds in the NNWT group demonstrated a significantly greater healing rate than large wounds in the control group (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wounds treated with NNWT healed significantly faster than wounds in the control group. The healing rate was greatest for larger wounds treated with NNWT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Luther C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kloth
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nett
authors.forename: Paula E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Papanek
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dumit-Minkel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001458:Bandages / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing