title: Responses of microbial activity and decomposer organisms to contamination in microcosms containing coniferous forest soil.
abstract: Soil respiration from microcosms contaminated with pentachlorophenol, 2-ethanolhexanoate, creosote, CuSO4, and benomyl was measured in order to evaluate usefulness of soil microcosms and microbial respiration rate monitoring as a toxicity test in soils with high organic matter content. Coniferous forest soil and its organisms were used as test objects. In addition, how a short-term low temperature period including frost affects respiration dynamics in stressed soils was studied, i.e., whether contaminants reduce resistance of the community to other (also natural) stresses. In addition, at the end of the experiment, effects of contaminants on faunal and microbial community structures were analyzed. Soil respiration measurements from the microcosms appeared to be a sensitive parameter for testing community-level effects of chemicals in the soil with high organic matter content. An 84-day exposure had acute effects, long-term effects, delaying effects, and total recovery of community respiration. Direct negative and indirect positive effects of chemical contamination on the community of soil organisms were found. Responses to contamination of soil respiration rate and structure of the soil community were parallel. Addition of pentachlorophenol, 2-ethanolhexane, and Cu into the soil reduced frost resistance of the decomposer community. It was concluded that soil respiration monitoring of artificially contaminated soil microcosms seems to be a useful tool for testing community-level toxic effects of chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland. janne.salminen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salminen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liiri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haimi
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000633:toxicity*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity*; D003407:Creosote / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000633:toxicity*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013696:Temperature; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D064028:Tracheophyta; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006540:Herbicides; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D003407:Creosote; D010416:Pentachlorophenol; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D010100:Oxygen