title: Epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of mastitis associated with yellow-jacket wasps (Vespula germanica) in a dairy cattle herd.
abstract: The German wasp, Vespula germanica has been observed to injure teats of dairy cows, causing lesions that are associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The presence of skin lesions on the teats, caused by the wasps, was recorded in a dairy cattle herd located in the Samaria foothills during July-October 1999. Wasp-inflicted injuries were found in 43.6% (58 of 133) of the adult cows and 1.4% (one of 71) of the first-calving cows. They were located in 42.4% of cows (n = 25) on all quarters, 18 cows (30.5%) had lesions on the front quarters and 27.1% (n = 16) of cows on the hind quarters only. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were diagnosed in 61% (36 of 59) and 28.8% (17 of 59), respectively, of the injured adult and first-calving cows. The most common bacterial isolates from the mastitic cows were Staphylococcus aureus 45.1% (n = 14), Streptococcus dysgalactiae 16.1% (n = 5), Streptococcus spp. 19.4% (n = 7) and others 13.9% (n = 5). The loss of milk production was estimated at 300 kg milk for each cow injured by wasps and exhibiting clinical mastitis. An increase in the bulk-milk somatic cell count, from 186 x 103 at 1 month prior to the outbreak to a peak of 1200 x 10(3) in the post-outbreak month, was noted. The culling rate reached 13.6% (eight of 59) of the affected cows. In summary, the considerable economic losses caused by the wasp infestation resulted from decreased milk production and a decline in milk quality, culling of affected cows, and increased demand for use of drugs and veterinary care.
authors.affiliation: Addresses of authors: Hachaklait, Gedera and the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. chkl357@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yeruham
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwimmer
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000166:cytology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014863:Wasps