title: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infections in the cornea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence and clinical management of corneal infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, was reviewed during the 5-year period from January 1996 to December 2000. Clinical aspects of MRS colonization or infection in the eye were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methicillin-resistant S. aureus or MRSE was detected from 30 eyes with ocular diseases; post-keratoplasty (11 eyes), ocular surface disorders without operation (9 eyes), and others (10 eyes). Among the 30 eyes, 12 manifested keratitis. Eight cases (8 eyes) occurred after keratoplasty, including four postoperative cases in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and two bilateral cases (4 eyes) in patients with acute-phase Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The degree of MRS keratitis was classified into 4 groups: asymptomatic carrier or conjunctivitis, intraepithelial infiltrations, superficial keratitis, and severe keratitis leading to corneal perforation. All cases of keratitis were treated successfully with topical ofloxacin (OFLX), vancomycin (VCM), or arbekacin (ABK).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors associated with ocular MRS colonization were long-term use of antibiotics and/or steroids, and hospitalization. Patients who had undergone keratoplasty or who had Stevens-Johnson syndrome were at increased risk of MRS keratitis. Superficial stromal infiltrations, minimal melting, and minimal stromal scarring are characteristic of MRS keratitis. Therapy for MRS keratitis is summarized. Ofloxacin, VCM, and ABK are effective in the treatment of MRS keratitis. Vancomycin eye ointment is effective as the final choice in serious cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. csotozon@ophth.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotozono
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inatomi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003982:Dibekacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003982:Dibekacin; D014640:Vancomycin; D015242:Ofloxacin; C031986:arbekacin; D008712:Methicillin