title: Pragmatic solutions for problems in the undergraduate medical programmes in Pakistan.
abstract: Reforms in the Pakistani undergraduate medical education have remained elusive for decades. An attempt is made to highlight the importance of research-oriented education and problem-based learning to Pakistani medical schools. Possible causes are analyzed and implementable solutions are suggested with appropriate references from literature search. An innovative "Research Ladder" approach to implementing a research-oriented curriculum that culminates in attainment of a combined MBBS-BRS degree is also proposed. In the end, techniques for making existing lecture-based learning more interactive are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bangash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000458:organization & administration; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012106:Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends