title: Effects of fructooligosaccharide on conversion of L-tryptophan to skatole and indole by mixed populations of pig fecal bacteria.
abstract: An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) at levels of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% on conversion of L-tryptophan to skatole and indole by a mixed bacterial population from the large intestines of pigs. Microbial suspensions were anaerobically incubated at 38 degrees C for 24 h. Samples were periodically removed for determination of pH and indole compounds. After 24 h incubation, microbial populations in each culture media were analyzed. Addition of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% FOS to the slurries with L-tryptophan significantly decreased the skatole concentration, the peak value of indole-3-acetic acid and the medium pH. The viable counts of Bifidobacterium were significantly higher as compared with the control. Addition of 1.0 and 1.5% FOS significantly decreased the rate of tryptophan degradation and the relative rate of skatole production. The relative rate of indole production was significantly increased. The viable counts of Clostridium and Escherichia coli were significantly reduced. The total viable counts of anaerobes were significantly increased. These results suggest that the reduced concentration of skatole observed in the presence of FOS may be caused by the decreased tryptophan degradation due to the increased need for amino acids in the synthesis of bacterial cellular protein, and by shifting microbial metabolism of tryptophan toward indole production at the expense of skatole, which might result from the changed microbial ecosystem and pH. Our observations open the possibility of inhibiting microbial production of skatole and decreasing the skatole concentration in backfat by feeding pigs diets containing FOS, but it remains to be demonstrated in vivo.
authors.affiliation: ZheJiang University, Feed Science Institute, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, HangZhou, 310029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Cai-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ming-Qi
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D003013:Clostridium / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000382:microbiology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012862:Skatole / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D014364:Tryptophan; D012862:Skatole