title: CARD4/NOD1 is not involved in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are complex genetic disorders. CARD15/NOD2, a member of the Ced4 superfamily which includes Apaf-1 and CARD4/NOD1, has recently been associated with genetic predisposition to CD but additional genetic factors remain to be identified. Because CARD4/NOD1 shares many structural and functional similarities with CARD15, we tested its putative role in IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 11 exons of CARD4 were screened for the presence of variants in 63 unrelated IBD patients. The only non-private genetic variation encoding for a substitution in the peptidic chain was genotyped in 381 IBD families (235 CD, 58 UC, 81 mixed, and seven indeterminate colitis families) using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure. Genotyping data were analysed by the transmission disequilibrium test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of nine sequence variations identified in the coding sequence of the gene encoded for non-conservative changes (E266K, D372N, R705Q, T787M, and T787K). Four were present in only one family. The remaining variant (E266K), which exhibited an allele frequency of 0.28, was not associated with CD, UC, or IBD. Furthermore, IBD patients carrying sequence variations in their CARD4 gene had a similar phenotype to those with a normal sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CARD4 does not play a major role in genetic susceptibility to IBD.
authors.affiliation: Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zouali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lesage
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merlin
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cézard
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Colombel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belaiche
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Almer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tysk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gassull
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Finkel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Modigliani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gower-Rousseau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamaillard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hugot
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein