title: Evaluation of tissue-engineered skin (human skin substitute) and secondary intention healing in the treatment of full thickness wounds after Mohs micrographic or excisional surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human Skin Substitute (Apligraf, Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA) is a bi-layered tissue-engineered living biological dressing developed from neonatal foreskin. It consists of a bovine collagen matrix containing human fibroblasts with an overlying sheet of stratified human epithelium containing living human keratinocytes. Human Skin Substitute (HSS) appears to be immunologically inert, and has shown usefulness in the treatment of chronic and acute wounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HSS in the treatment of full-thickness wounds in a prospective case series. Secondary objectives were to determine the rate of complete wound reepithelialization, incidence of complete wound healing, pain at wound site, overall cosmetic outcome, and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients were enrolled in the study, of which 12 were evaluable. HSS was applied in a blinded fashion to 6 of the patients immediately following Mohs or excisional surgery for skin cancer. The remaining 6 patients were allowed to heal by secondary intention. Both groups were evaluated at weekly appointments until complete reepithelialization occurred. During each evaluation, wound quality was assessed through the Vancouver Burn Scar Assessment Scale by the investigator and an independent blinded dermatologist. The investigator, blinded observer, and patient further evaluated the cosmetic outcome of the wound through the use of a Visual Analog Scale over a 6-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSS patients and secondary intention patients were equivalent in comorbid factors such as pain, erythema, edema, exudate, infection, or hematoma between the groups. The incidence of complete wound healing at 6 months was 100% for both groups. Both groups also appeared to heal at similar rates, as defined by the complete reepithelialization of the wound. HSS patients ultimately resulted in more pliable and less vascular wounds as defined by the Vancouver Burn Scar Assessment Scale. Patient satisfaction with cosmetic outcome in both groups was positive at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSS appears to be a safe, well-tolerated biological dressing with equivalent comorbid factors to secondary intention healing. HSS, however, seems to produce a more pliable and less vascular scar than those developed through healing by secondary intention. HSS also appears to produce more satisfactory cosmetic results when compared to secondary intention healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gohari
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gambla
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Dennis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lapiere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017768:Skin, Artificial; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: C117898:Apligraf; D003094:Collagen