title: An open-label study of tenofovir in HIV-1 and Hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tenofovir is a novel nucleotide analogue recommended for use in HIV-1 infected treatment-experienced patients. Recent data suggest an effect on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We therefore investigated the use of tenofovir in HIV-1 and HBV co-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty HIV-1/HBV co-infected patients with a median of 108 weeks lamivudine experience (range, 0-270 weeks) received tenofovir 245 mg daily in addition to or as part of their combination antiretroviral therapy. Their immunologic parameters and HIV-1 RNA and HBV DNA viral loads were followed over a period of 52 weeks. In addition, their HBV DNA polymerase was sequenced at baseline to measure the frequency of YMDD mutations that are associated with lamivudine resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease in HBV DNA viral load (4 x log ) and alanine aminotransferase levels was observed. There were no significant overall differences between the lamivudine-experienced (n = 15) and -naive (n = 5) individuals and tenofovir was well tolerated. Five patients (25%) underwent HBe antigen seroconversion during the study period. Out of the 15 lamivudine-experienced individuals, 10 had YMDD mutations and one had YIDD mutations in HBV DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that 52 weeks of tenofovir in addition to antiretroviral therapy is active against HBV, and it appears to overcome lamivudine resistance.
authors.affiliation: Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Portsmouth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gazzard
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine