title: Treatment of large cell lymphoma in elderly patients with a mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and prednisone regimen: long-term follow-up results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) require intensive and extensive therapy, which seems impracticable in elderly patients due to hematologic and extrahematologic toxicity. Consequent dose reduction and therapy attenuation can reduce treatment-related toxicity but also decreases therapeutic efficacy. Thus, age represents a fundamental prognostic factor that has a profound influence on both therapeutic decisions and patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January, 1990 and June, 1997, 145 patients age > 64 years (median age, 72.3 years) with a diagnosis of aggressive NHL were treated on a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and prednisone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one patients (63%) achieved complete remission, and 48 patients (33%) achieved partial remission, for an overall response rate of 96%. Six patients (4%) were resistant to therapy. The overall survival rate, with a median follow-up of 66 months, was 44%, and the failure free survival rate was 42%. The disease free survival rate was 63.5%, with a median follow-up of 60 months. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the achievement of complete remission was the single most important prognostic factor, which was associated significantly with longer survival (P < 0.0001). Toxicity was moderate, with 5 deaths (3%) due to complications related to therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results confirm that a protocol devised specifically for elderly patients may reduce toxicity and allow longer overall survival in this particular subset of patients.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi/University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy. l.rigacci@dfc.unifi.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rigacci
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpaneto
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alterini
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carrai
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellesi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossi Ferrini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D011241:Prednisone