Immune activation in patients infected with HIV type 1 and maintaining suppression of viral replication by highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Immune activation associated with HIV infection declines after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but may persist or recur in some patients. It is not clear whether this reflects a resurgence of HIV replication or another cause of immune activation, such as inflammatory reactions to opportunistic pathogens (immune restoration disease [IRD]). Here, we studied plasma and cellular immune activation markers in adult HIV-1 patients who had received HAART for >12 months and maintained plasma HIV RNA levels of <400 copies/ml for >6 months. Plasma interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor receptor I levels were similar in patients and HIV-negative control subjects, but the highest levels occurred mainly in patients with a history of IRD. In contrast, expression of HLA-DR and CD38 on monocytes and of HLA-DR on CD8(+) T cells was higher in patients than in control subjects. Thus, cellular markers of immune activation are abnormal in some patients with a good virological response to HAART, and abnormalities of plasma immune activation markers correlate with a history of IRD.
Almeida
Coral-Ann M
CA
Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, WA 6001, Australia.
Price
Patricia
P
French
Martyn A H
MA
D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
D015703:Antigens, CD; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1