title: Physical training improves insulin resistance syndrome markers in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that physical training (PT), especially high-intensity PT, would have a favorable effect on components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in obese adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese 13- to 16-yr-olds (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of the following 8-month interventions; 1) lifestyle education (LSE)-alone every 2 wk, 2) LSE+moderate-intensity PT, and 3) LSE+high-intensity PT. PT was offered 5 d x wk(-1). Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), low-density lipoprotein (low density lipoprotein (LDL)) particle size, apolipoproteins AI and B, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure were measured with standardized methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intent-to-treat analyses for all subjects who completed pre- and post-tests regardless of their adherence to the interventions showed that the LSE+high-intensity PT group had more favorable changes than the LSE-alone group in TAG level (P = 0.012), TC/HDLC (P = 0.013), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.031). For efficacy analyses, all PT subjects who attended at least 2 d x wk(-1) (40%) were combined into one group (LSE+PT) and compared with the LSE-alone group. These two-group analyses showed significant interactions (P < 0.001) between baseline values and group membership for deltaTAG, deltaVLDLC, and deltaTC/HDLC, such that subjects who had the least favorable baseline values showed the most beneficial impact of the PT. Of particular interest was a favorable effect of the PT on LDL particle size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PT, especially high-intensity PT, had a favorable effect on several IRS markers in obese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, 1499 Walton Way, HS-1640, Augusta, GA 30912-3710, USA. hkang@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: Hyun-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lemmon
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: Ngoc-Anh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides