title: A gene expression map of human chromosome 21 orthologues in the mouse.
abstract: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) has opened the route for a systematic molecular characterization of all of its genes. Trisomy 21 is associated with Down's syndrome, the most common genetic cause of mental retardation in humans. The phenotype includes various organ dysmorphies, stereotypic craniofacial anomalies and brain malformations. Molecular analysis of congenital aneuploidies poses a particular challenge because the aneuploid region contains many protein-coding genes whose function is unknown. One essential step towards understanding their function is to analyse mRNA expression patterns at key stages of organism development. Seminal works in flies, frogs and mice showed that genes whose expression is restricted spatially and/or temporally are often linked with specific ontogenic processes. Here we describe expression profiles of mouse orthologues to HSA21 genes by a combination of large-scale mRNA in situ hybridization at critical stages of embryonic and brain development and in silico (computed) mining of expressed sequence tags. This chromosome-scale expression annotation associates many of the genes tested with a potential biological role and suggests candidates for the pathogenesis of Down's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Skirball Institute, Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Yorick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gitton
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahmane
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz i Altaba
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neidhardt
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholze
authors.forename: Bernhard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kahlem
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benkahla
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrinner
authors.forename: Reha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yildirimman
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herwig
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehrach
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yaspo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger