title: Direct determination of Cr and Cu in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using ruthenium as permanent modifier (R1).
abstract: In this study Ru, deposited thermally on an integrated platform pyrolytic graphite tube, is proposed as a permanent modifier for the determination of Cu and Cr in urine samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were diluted 1:1 with nitric acid (1% v/v). Pyrolysis and atomization temperatures for spiked urine samples were 1,100 degrees C and 1,900 degrees C respectively for Cu, and 1,400 degrees C and 2,500 degrees C respectively for Cr. For comparison purposes, the conventional modification with Pd+Mg was also studied. The sensitivity for Ru as permanent modifier was higher for the two analytes. The characteristic masses were 7.3 and 17.7 for Cr and Cu. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.22 and 0.32 microg/L, for Cr and Cu, respectively. Good agreement was obtained with certified urine samples for the two elements.
authors.affiliation: lnstituto de Patologia Clínica Hermes Pardini, 30140-070 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kátia Linces Alves
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lelis
authors.forename: Cristina Gonçalves
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Clélia Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: José Bento Borba
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: of Silva
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000652:urine*; D003300:Copper / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D003300:Copper; D012428:Ruthenium