title: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure after experimental myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators have recently been implicated as regulators of cellular proliferation and inflammatory response such as cytokine expression. Because proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), we examined the effects of pioglitazone treatment in an experimental model of chronic heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice with extensive anterior MI were treated with placebo or pioglitazone (3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) as a dietary supplement for 4 weeks starting 6 hours after surgery. Infarct size and glucose levels were similar among all groups. LV cavity dilatation and dysfunction by echocardiography were significantly attenuated in MI mice given pioglitazone. LV end-diastolic pressure was increased in MI mice and was significantly reduced by pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone partially normalized LV dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min), indices of LV contractile function, which were significantly reduced in MI mice. Improvement of LV function by pioglitazone was accompanied by a decrease in myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and a reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 genes in the noninfarcted LV from MI mice. LV inducible nitric oxide synthase and gelatinase B protein levels were increased in MI and were not altered by pioglitazone treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pioglitazone improved LV remodeling and function in mice with post-MI heart failure. This effect was associated with an attenuated LV expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands have promise as preventive and therapeutic agents against heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashidani
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeshita
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004452:Echocardiography; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D015588:Observer Variation; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015996:Survival Rate; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D000077205:Pioglitazone