title: Temperature accuracy and temperature gradients in solution-state NMR spectrometers.
abstract: In solution-state NMR spectrometers, there is a systematic deviation between the temperature of the sample and the temperature reported by the spectrometer. In addition, temperature gradients are often present in the sample. The size of both the temperature deviations and the temperature gradients depends on several factors, including the temperature, the flow rate of the heating/cooling gas, and the amount of radiofrequency heating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Nikolaus M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keeler