title: Fetal transabdominal biometry at 11-14 weeks of gestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish comprehensive transabdominal ultrasonographic reference ranges for viable normal singleton human fetuses at 11-14 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single transabdominal ultrasound measurements were taken once per pregnancy at a gestational age of between 11+0 and 14+0 weeks (crown-rump length, 45-84 mm), in viable singleton fetuses with nuchal translucency < or = 3 mm and without detectable structural anomalies, using four standard planes: (i) biparietal diameter (BPD) and fronto-occipital diameter (FOD) resulting in head circumference (HC), anterior horn (Va), posterior horn (Vp), and hemisphere (HEM); (ii) transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and cisterna magna (CM); (iii) abdominal anteroposterior (AAP) and abdominal transverse diameter (ATD) resulting in abdominal circumference (AC); and (iv) femur length (FL). The respective ratios Va/HEM, Vp/HEM, HC/AC, BPD/FL, BPD/FOD, FL/CRL, FL/BPD and FL/AC and the estimated weight were derived. Reference ranges were constructed and the mean and 5th and 95th centiles were plotted against gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a general increase in biometric parameters with gestation. The ratios for the ventricles vs. hemisphere and BPD/FL ratio decreased while the BPD/FOD and HC/AC ratios remained constant. Analysis of the reference range for BPD/FL was performed in both 167 and 664 fetuses and the results showed almost the identical type of equation, indicating a high degree of accuracy for the growth charts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established comprehensive reference ranges for first-trimester fetal biometry by transabdominal sonography. These charts may have a role in the diagnosis of early onset symmetrical or asymmetrical growth restriction and in the interpretation of measurements in chromosomally abnormal fetuses, and they may help in the detection of skeletal dysplasias or acrania/anencephaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kiel, Germany. vkaisenberg@email.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: von Kaisenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fritzer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kühling
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jonat
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*