title: Regenerative repair of the mandible using a collagen sponge containing TGF-beta1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alveolar bone resorption and atrophy of the mandible are a major challenge for regeneration medicine. In the present investigation, a collagen sponge that contained TGF-beta1 was placed at a mandibular defect and the osteogenic effects of collagen-TGF-beta1, complex were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pm2, Pm3, and Pm4 teeth on both sides of the mandibles of 12 adult beagle dogs (9.0-12.0 kg) were extracted. After the extraction-site wounds healed, a bone defect (10.0 x 15.0 mm-wide, 10.0 mm-deep or 10.0 x 10.0 mm-wide, 10.0 mm-deep) was created on the mandible. A collagen sponge (10.0 x 10.0 x 10.0 mm) that contained TGF-beta1 (1.0 microg, 5.0 microg, or 10.0 microg, in physiological saline) was placed at the bottom of the defect and the overlying mucous membrane was sutured with 4-0 prolene. As a control, a collagen sponge that contained physiological saline only was placed in a defect on the opposite side. Two weeks after the surgery the wounds above the bone defects on both the control and TGF-beta1-treated sides had healed completely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At four, six, or eight weeks post-operatively animals were killed. Soft X-ray and bone-salt measurement analyses confirmed clearly that there was greater calcified bone formation in the defects into which TGF-beta1 had been incorporated than with the control defects. The implanted collagen sponges were fully resorbed and the bone tissue had regenerated from the bottom of the defects on the TGF-beta1, side by four weeks. On the control side, no such regeneration was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that TGF-beta1, released slowly from a collagen sponge was effective in promoting bone remodeling when applied to mandibular defects in adult dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioartificial Organs, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Shigeno@frontier.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigeno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshitani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawanami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen