title: Protection against ischemic brain injury by protein therapeutics.
abstract: Preventing massive cell death is an important therapeutic strategy for various injuries and disorders. Protein therapeutics have the advantage of delivering proteins in a short period. We have engineered the antiapoptotic bcl-x gene to generate the super antiapoptotic factor, FNK, with a more powerful cytoprotective activity. In this study, we fused the protein transduction domain (PTD) of the HIVTat protein to FNK and used the construct in an animal model of ischemic brain injury. When added into culture media of human neuroblastoma cells and rat neocortical neurons, PTD-FNK rapidly transduced into cells and localized to mitochondria within 1 h. It protected the neuroblastomas and neurons against staurosporine-induced apoptosis and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, respectively. The cytoprotective activity of PTD-FNK was found at concentrations as low as 0.3 pM. Additionally, PTD-FNK affected the cytosolic movement of calcium ions, which may relate to its neuroprotective action. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that myc-tagged PTD-FNK (PTD-myc-FNK) injected i.p. into mice can have access into brain neurons. When injected i.p. into gerbils, PTD-FNK prevented delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus caused by transient global ischemia. These results suggest that PTD-FNK has a potential for clinical utility as a protein therapeutic strategy to prevent cell death in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Gerontology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadamitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asoh
authors.forename: Ikuroh
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsura
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraide
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Daiya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000737:chemistry*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein