title: Information disclosure and smoking risk perceptions. Potential short-term impact on Spanish students of the new European Union directive on tobacco products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Directive 1999/0244 (COD), recently approved by the European Parliament, proposed that the content and presentation of health warnings on cigarette packets be modified. The aim of the present study was to analyse the potential effect of the planned measures on the perceptions by Spanish youth of the risks associated with smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 435 students attending the University of La Rioja were surveyed on their perceptions of the principal health risks attributable to the consumption of tobacco i.e. lung cancer, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disease. A questionnaire was administered before and after they were presented with a demonstration of the health warnings on cigarette packets based on the new European Union directive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceptions changed significantly following exposure to the content and type of information of the new packaging. In general, the university students attributed a higher health risk to smoking following the presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measures developed by the public sector to present a higher profile of anti-tobacco health warnings do influence the target population in the desired direction, at least in the short term. Hence, given that the perception of risk influences the election to smoke, it is predictable that when these types of policy decisions are applied, there will be a tendency towards a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of tobacco consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics and Business Studies, Universidad de La Rioja, C/La Cigüeña 60, 26004 Logroño, Spain. fabiola.portillo@dee.unirioja.es
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antoñanzas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008297:Male; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012938:Social Perception; D013030:Spain; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities