title: Self-management of asthma in general practice, asthma control and quality of life: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of asthma self-management in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen general practices were randomly allocated to usual care (UC) or self-management (SM). Asthma patients were included after confirmation of the GP diagnosis. Follow up was 2 years. Patients kept diary cards and visited the lung function laboratory every 6 months. Outcomes were number of successfully treated weeks, limited activity days, asthma specific quality of life, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), FEV(1) reversibility, concentration of histamine provoking a fall in FEV(1) of 20% or more (PC(20) histamine), and amount of inhaled steroids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 214 patients were included in the study (104 UC/110 SM; one third of the total asthma population in general practice); 62% were female. The mean percentage of successfully treated weeks per patient in the UC group was 72% (74/103 weeks) compared with 78% (81/105 weeks) in the SM group (p=0.003). The mean number of limited activity days was 1.2 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.9) in the SM group and 3.9 (95% CI 2.5 to 5.4) in the UC group. The estimated increase in asthma quality of life score was 0.10 points per visit in the UC group and 0.21 points per visit in the SM group (p=0.055). FEV(1), FEV(1) reversibility, and PC(20) histamine did not change. There was a saving of 217 puffs of inhaled steroid per patient in favour of the SM group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-management lowers the burden of illness as perceived by patients with asthma and is at least as effective as the treatment usually provided in Dutch primary care. Self-management is a safe basis for intermittent treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands. b.thoonen@hag.umcn.nl
authors.forename: B P A
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Thoonen
authors.forename: T R J
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schermer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Den Boom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molema
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Folgering
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Akkermans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grol
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Weel
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Van Schayck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents