title: Vibrio vulnificus induces macrophage apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: In this study, we compared the apoptotic activities of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus toward macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The clinical isolates induced apoptosis in macrophage-like cells in vitro and in macrophages in vivo. This suggests that macrophage apoptosis may be important for the clinical virulence of V. vulnificus.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada Aomori 034-8628, Japan. kashimot@vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kashimoto
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanajima
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akeda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Susa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017747:Seafood / Q000382:microbiology; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence