title: Separable roles of UFO during floral development revealed by conditional restoration of gene function.
abstract: The UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) gene is required for several aspects of floral development in Arabidopsis including specification of organ identity in the second and third whorls and the proper pattern of primordium initiation in the inner three whorls. UFO is expressed in a dynamic pattern during the early phases of flower development. Here we dissect the role of UFO by ubiquitously expressing it in ufo loss-of-function flowers at different developmental stages and for various durations using an ethanol-inducible expression system. The previously known functions of UFO could be separated and related to its expression at specific stages of development. We show that a 24- to 48-hour period of UFO expression from floral stage 2, before any floral organs are visible, is sufficient to restore normal petal and stamen development. The earliest requirement for UFO is during stage 2, when the endogenous UFO gene is transiently expressed in the centre of the wild-type flower and is required to specify the initiation patterns of petal, stamen and carpel primordia. Petal and stamen identity is determined during stages 2 or 3, when UFO is normally expressed in the presumptive second and third whorl. Although endogenous UFO expression is absent from the stamen whorl from stage 4 onwards, stamen identity can be restored by UFO activation up to stage 6. We also observed floral phenotypes not observed in loss-of-function or constitutive gain-of-function backgrounds, revealing additional roles of UFO in outgrowth of petal primordia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France. laus@versailles.inra.fr
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laufs
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coen
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kronenberger
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Traas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doonan
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C098247:UFO protein, Arabidopsis; C096661:superman protein, Arabidopsis; D000431:Ethanol