title: Ichthyotoxic ARF after fish gallbladder ingestion: a large case series from Vietnam.
abstract: Fish gallbladders are consumed in rural areas of Asia as a traditional medicine to improve symptoms of arthritis, decreased visual acuity, and impotence. Consumption of large amounts of this traditional medicine can result in systemic toxicities; in particular, acute renal failure. We reviewed records of all admissions to Cho Ray Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) between January 1995 and December 2000 after this ingestion. Clinical courses and outcomes were similar in 16 of 17 patients. Within hours, patients experienced profuse vomiting (n = 16) and diarrhea (n = 15). All developed acute renal failure, with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 14.7 +/- 3.9 mg/dL (1,299.5 +/- 344.8 micromol/L). Four patients administered intravenous fluid (IVF) developed extracellular fluid volume overload, as did 1 patient not administered IVF. Time to peak creatinine concentration was 8.6 +/- 3.0 days, which was accompanied by decreased urine volume (174.7 +/- 161.6 mL/24 h). Blood pressure remained normal, with a mean arterial pressure of 91 +/- 12 mm Hg. Twelve patients required renal replacement therapy. A mean of 1.9 +/- 1.1 hemodialysis sessions was performed per patient. Sixteen patients recovered renal function; 1 patient died of fulminant hepatic failure. Kidney biopsies showed features of acute tubular injury. Acute renal failure after fish gallbladder ingestion is characterized by a failure to respond to IVF, an 8.6-day interval to peak creatinine level, frequent need for dialysis therapy, and findings on renal biopsy consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Acute renal failure after fish gallbladder ingestion has an excellent prognosis. However, death from fulminant hepatic failure can occur.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Section, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Bich Huyen Nguyen
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Tan Xuan Nguyen
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Thi
authors.forename: Su Tan
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: M Barry
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Rahmin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rabenou
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005396:Fish Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D005704:Gallbladder; D006801:Humans; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins