title: [Dural bone defects and encephalocele associated with chronic otitis media or its surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the incidence of dural bone defects and encephalocele following radical mastoidectomy or open cavity tympanoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 190 operations of 182 patients (97 males, 85 females; mean age 30.6 years; range 9 to 70 years) who underwent radical mastoidectomy (n=89) or open cavity tympanoplasty (n=101). Follow-up examinations included otomicroscopy. Patients with documented dural bone defects on examination or operation records were further evaluated by axial and coronal computed tomography scans of the temporal bone. Those with suspected encephalocele were studied by magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dural bone defects were detected in 17 patients perioperatively. Of these, 14 defects were associated with chronic otitis media. Three iatrogenic bone defects were induced during obliteration of lateral sinus thrombosis. The mastoid tegmen was the most common site of defects (41%) and the most common etiologic factor was cholesteatoma (84%). Encephalocele was detected in one patient in whom radical mastoidectomy with lateral sinus obliteration was performed due to lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. Encephalomalasia was found nearby the defect area in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dural bone defects associated with chronic otitis media are not rare, the most common cause being cholesteatoma. Repair of dural lacerations requires watertight closure to prevent the occurrence of encephalocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology (KBB Anabilim Dali), Medicine Faculty of Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey. akizilay@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kizilay
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aladağ
authors.forename: Yaşar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cokkeser
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001922:Brain Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004388:Dura Mater; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014433:Tympanoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*