title: Predictors of intensive care unit and hospital length of stay in diabetic ketoacidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the predictive value for prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS), and to identify associated characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort, 18-month observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  All admissions to a 12-bed, inner-city, university-affiliated hospital, medical ICU from July 1999 to December 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for APACHE II and LODS scoring systems were collected within 24 hours of admission. Lengths of ICU and hospital stay were the primary outcomes. Prolonged ICU and hospital LOS were defined as 3 or more and 6 or more days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 584 patients, mean age 49, 56% men, 82% African American were admitted to the ICU. At admission they had (mean +/-SD) APACHE II (18 +/- 10), LODS (5 +/- 4), and predicted mortality of 32% +/- 29%. DKA was the admitting diagnosis in 42 (7.6%) patients; they had lower APACHE II (12 +/- 6), LODS (2 +/- 1), and predicted mortality 5% +/- 5% than the general ICU population (all, P <.001). Hospital mortality in non-DKA patients was 18%; there were no deaths in patients with DKA. Among DKA patients, those with insulin noncompliance had a shorter hospital stay (2.8 +/- 1 d) than those with an underlying illness as the DKA trigger (4.8 +/- 3, P =.02). Between patients with DKA, regardless of the LOS, there were no significant differences in APACHE II, LODS, or predicted mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICU-admitted patients with DKA are less ill, and have lower disease severity scores, mortality, and shorter length of ICU and hospital stay than non-DKA patients. Disease severity scores are not, but precipitating cause is, predictor associated with prolonged hospital LOS in patients with DKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. afreire@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Amado X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Guillermo E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Umpierrez
authors.forename: Bekele
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Afessa
authors.forename: Kashif A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Abbas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kitabchi
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology