title: Effect of atropine and the oxime HI-6 on low-level sarin-induced alteration of performance of rats in a T-maze.
abstract: 1. To study the influence of antidotes on low-level sarin-induced alteration of cognitive functions, male albino Wistar rats were exposed to three various low concentrations of sarin for 60 minutes in the inhalation chamber. One minute following sarin exposure, the rats were i.m. treated with the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine. Control rats were treated with antidotes as experimental rats but exposed to the pure air instead of sarin. Cognitive functions of the rats were tested using a T-maze where spatial memory and spatial orientation were evaluated. The performance of sarin-exposed and treated rats in the T-maze was tested several times within six weeks (single exposure) or five weeks (repeated exposure) following inhalation exposure to evaluate cognitive impairments. 2. In the case of single exposure to sarin, no statistically significant differencies between the performances of the control and the experimental groups in the alteration of spatial memory and spatial orientation were observed. The repeated exposure of treated rats to clinically asymptomatic dose of sarin (LEVEL 2) did not change the effect of low-level sarin exposure on spatial memory of the experimental rats compared to the single exposure to the same dose of sarin. 3. The decrease in the T-maze performance of the control rats was caused by the impairments of rat's mobility due to the features of a solution of antidotes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Purkynĕ Military Medical Academy, Hradec Králové. krejcova@pmfhk.cz
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krejcová
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassa
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vachek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012524:Sarin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010091:Oximes; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D001285:Atropine; D012524:Sarin; C022870:asoxime chloride