title: Epidemiological aspects of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul.
abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients (HIV-positive patients), and lymphoproliferative disorders in patients subjected to organ transplantation and other immunosuppressive therapies. This fungus is commonly found in soil and avian excreta, mainly from pigeon and turkey. We describe the isolation and characterization of 17 clinical and 10 environmental (pigeon excreta) isolates from the Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul. We analyzed capsule formation, carbon assimilation pattern, canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) reaction, and nitrate and urease tests, as well as susceptibility to antifungal drugs. The genetic variability among C. neoformans isolates was studied using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Eight of 22 arbitrary polymerase chain reaction primers used confirmed genetic polymorphism among the environmental isolates tested, suggesting that it remains feasible to use RAPD analysis as a typing method. Three of the selected primers yielded 10 molecular subclasses. The majority of the clinical isolates were assigned to the molecular subclass F. The RAPD data obtained reinforce the developing consensus about the population structure of this fungus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas do Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, PO Box 15005, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Casali
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Schrank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrank
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vainstein
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D010856:Columbidae; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal