Global and regional estimates of cancer mortality and incidence by site: II. Results for the global burden of disease 2000.
BACKGROUND
Mortality estimates alone are not sufficient to understand the true magnitude of cancer burden. We present the detailed estimates of mortality and incidence by site as the basis for the future estimation of cancer burden for the Global Burden of Disease 2000 study.


METHODS
Age- and sex- specific mortality envelope for all malignancies by region was derived from the analysis of country life-tables and cause of death. We estimated the site-specific cancer mortality distributions from vital records and cancer survival model. The regional cancer mortality by site is estimated by disaggregating the regional cancer mortality envelope based on the mortality distribution. Estimated incidence-to-mortality rate ratios were used to back calculate the final cancer incidence estimates by site.


RESULTS
In 2000, cancer accounted for over 7 million deaths (13% of total mortality) and there were more than 10 million new cancer cases world wide in 2000. More than 60% of cancer deaths and approximately half of new cases occurred in developing regions. Lung cancer was the most common cancers in the world, followed by cancers of stomach, liver, colon and rectum, and breast. There was a significant variations in the distribution of site-specific cancer mortality and incidence by region.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite a regional variation, the most common cancers are potentially preventable. Cancer burden estimation by taking into account both mortality and morbidity is an essential step to set research priorities and policy formulation. Also it can used for setting priorities when combined with data on costs of interventions against cancers.
Shibuya
Kenji
K
Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. shibuyak@who.int
Mathers
Colin D
CD
Boschi-Pinto
Cynthia
C
Lopez
Alan D
AD
Murray
Christopher J L
CJ
D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014943:Global Health; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate