title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide is expressed in autonomic neurons.
abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a novel vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like peptide, which is present in neuronal elements of several peripheral organs, and thus a putative neurotransmitter/modulator. In the present study, the expression of PACAP in two parasympathetic ganglia (otic, sphenopalatine) and one mixed parasympathetic/sensory ganglion (jugular-nodose) in rat was characterized by use of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry and compared to that of VIP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). PACAP and VIP were expressed in virtually all nerve cell bodies in the otic and sphenopalatine ganglia; PACAP and VIP were also expressed in subpopulations of nerve cell bodies in the jugular-nodose ganglion. CGRP was expressed in numerous nerve cell bodies in the jugular-nodose ganglion and in a few, scattered, nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion. In the otic and sphenopalatine ganglia, PACAP- and VIP-like immunoreactivities were frequently co-localized; in the jugular-nodose ganglion, PACAP-like immunoreactivity was frequently co-localized with CGRP-like immunoreactivity in presumably sensory neurons and to a lesser extent with VIP in parasympathetic neurons. Thus, PACAP is synthesized and stored in autonomic parasympathetic neurons as well as in vagal sensory neurons, which provides an anatomical basis for the diverse effects of PACAP previously described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Research, University of Lund, Biskopsgatan 5, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. hindrik.mulder@cellfo.lu.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uddman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moller
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elsås
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alumets
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sundler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005725:Ganglia, Autonomic / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000235:genetics*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide