title: Differences in immune cell invasion into the cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma during cerebral infusion of interleukin-1beta.
abstract: Cytokine-mediated inflammatory cell recruitment into the brain is a critical step in the response to diverse insults, including infection, trauma, and stroke. Hence, continous intra-cerebroventricular infusion of interleukin (IL)-1beta leads to an impressive cell invasion into the cerebrospinal fluid, as well as the brain parenchyma. Neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor IL-6 induced any significant cell invasion at all. However, the diverse immune cells (granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages) showed a different time course of invasion. Moreover, there was an association between the number of infiltrating immune cells and the infused IL-1 concentration. By analyzing intra-brain immune events, we demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, whereas there were no differences for P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and monocyte-chemotractant protein (MCP)-1, comparing vehicle and IL-1-infused animals. In conclusion, we assume IL-1beta to be a key cytokine for the granulocyte and monocyte recruitment into the central nervous system after various insults. However, granulocytes anticipate monocyte invasion.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich Heine, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schöning
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elepfandt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daberkow
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stockhammer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoltenburg
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woiciechowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes / Q000662:veterinary; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1