title: Depression and psychological distress in patients during the year after curative resection of non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There have been few psychosocial studies of patients after curative resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical course of depression and psychological distress of such patients during the year after surgery and to identify predictors of their long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 212 patients completed assessments during a 12-month follow-up period after curative resection of NSCLC. Psychological measurements at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery were conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ed 3), Revised, and the Profiles of Mood States (POMS) scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of psychological outcome according to these two methods of assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression did not change during the year after curative resection (range, 4.7% to 8.0%). The total POMS score was also unaltered during the year after surgery: the anger-hostility (P <.001) and tension-anxiety subscale scores (P <.026) had increased at 12 months, but the vigor-activity subscale score had also increased (P <.001). All predictors of psychological outcome at 12 months included a depression episode after the diagnosis of lung cancer or at 1 month after surgery. Less-educated status was also a significant predictor of depression at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the need for psychosocial support even after curative resection of NSCLC and indicate that an approach that includes repetitive perioperative assessment of depression and careful attention to less-educated patients might be of benefit to patients in ameliorating depression and psychological distress during the year after curative resection.
authors.affiliation: Psycho-Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, and Psychiatry Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. yuchitom@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchitomi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akechi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*