Gene structure, dual-promoters and mRNA alternative splicing of the human and mouse regulator of G protein signaling GAIP/RGS19.
Here we report the gene structure and transcription regulation of the human and mouse G protein-signaling regulator GAIP/RGS19. The GAIP/RGS19 gene is adjacent to and in an opposite orientation to the opioid-receptor-like receptor 1 (ORL1) gene. In both human and mouse, the GAIP/RGS19 gene is composed of seven exons. The first two exons are under the control of two different promoters and are alternatively employed to start the transcription of two 5' distinctive mRNAs. The two promoters appear to compete with and inhibit each other. We have also identified in mice an alternatively spliced short GAIP/RGS19 mRNA that lacks the exon 2 region and utilizes an ATG in exon 3 as its translation initiation codon. As a result, the short GAIP/RGS19 protein does not have the N-terminal 22 amino acid residues of a full-length isoform. GAIP/RGS19 alternative splicing patterns are differentially expressed in various tissues. The mRNA alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms may play a significant role in regulating the function and selectivity of GAIP/RGS19.
Xie
Guo-xi
GX
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA.
Han
Xiaokang
X
Ito
Emi
E
Yanagisawa
Yuka
Y
Maruyama
Kazuo
K
Sugano
Sumio
S
Suzuki
Yutaka
Y
Wang
Yan
Y
Gabriel
Anja
A
Stevens
Sarah K
SK
Mitchell
James
J
Sharma
Manohar
M
Palmer
Pamela Pierce
PP
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020710:RGS Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D010750:Phosphoproteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020710:RGS Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C097187:regulator of G-protein signalling 19; D004247:DNA