title: Salvage external beam radiotherapy for local recurrence without systemic progression or prostate specific antigen recurrence of prostate cancer after initial hormonal therapy: is it possible to identify patients likely to have good treatment outcomes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We attempted to identify factors that predict the outcomes of salvage external beam radiotherapy (sEBRT) in patients who showed local recurrence without systemic progression or isolated prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after initial hormonal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 33 patients who were diagnosed as having local recurrence without systemic progression (30 cases) or isolated PSA recurrence (three cases). Of these patients, those with continuously decreasing PSA levels, which were 1.0 ng/ml or less 1-1.5 years after sEBRT, were regarded as good responders (GR) whereas the remaining patients were regarded as poor responders (nGR). Survival rates in these patients and factors that distinguish GR from nGR were evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cancer-specific 10-year survival rate was 82.4% in the 33 patients, 100% in the 21 GR patients and 55% in the 12 nGR patients (P < 0.0001). Stepwise variable selection to discriminate between GR and nGR revealed that the time from sEBRT initiation to the nadir PSA was the most significant factor (P = 0.000097). Before sEBRT, GR can be predicted in patients with pre-sEBRT PSA <30.0 ng/ml and PSA doubling time (PSADT) >7.0 months, with a sensitivity of 95.2% (20/21), a specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 97.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good responses to sEBRT can be expected in patients with local recurrence without systemic progression or isolated PSA recurrence after initial hormonal therapy when the patients show both pre-sEBRT PSA <30.0 ng/ml and PSADT >7.0 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Radiology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. kohei@showa.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen