title: The impact of wording in "Dear doctor" letters and in black box labels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Food and Drug Administration and pharmaceutical manufacturers use "Dear doctor" letters to alert physicians about drug safety. To determine how such warnings may be improved, we retrospectively examined how variations in the wording of one series of "Dear doctor" letters affected their impact on concomitant dispensing of cisapride (Propulsid; Janssen Pharmaceutica, Titusville, NJ) and several medications contraindicated for concomitant use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concomitant dispensing was defined as dispensing cisapride and a contraindicated medication on dates when the intended duration of the two dispensings overlapped on at least 1 day. Using outpatient pharmacy claims from a New England health insurer, we calculated a concomitant dispensing rate for each calendar month as the number of concomitant cisapride dispensings divided by the total number of cisapride dispensings. We grouped drugs contraindicated for concomitant use with cisapride as (1) explicitly named in the warnings, (2) only mentioned as examples of a drug class, or (3) only implied as drug class members. We used multivariate analysis to relate temporal changes in concomitant dispensing rates to type of warning (explicit, example, or implied), patient demographic characteristics, season, calendar year, and temporal relationship to the "Dear doctor" warnings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A highly publicized letter sent in June 1998 was associated with a notable decline (58%) in the concomitant dispensing rate with explicitly contraindicated drugs but not in the concomitant dispensing of cisapride with the example or implied drugs. An earlier letter, which had been explicit but was accompanied by less publicity, had no measurable effect on this study's measure of coprescription, nor did a later letter that emphasized comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Explicit, well-publicized drug warnings can change prescriber behavior.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Division, Ingenix, Newton, MA 02466, USA. lweatherby@epidemiology.com
authors.forename: Lisa Bianchi
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Weatherby
authors.forename: Beth L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Nordstrom
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fife
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D020117:Cisapride / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003142:Communication; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D020117:Cisapride