title: Mechanisms of irbesartan in prevention of renal lesion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanisms of angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan (Irb) in prevention of renal lesion in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (group N), diabetic nephropathy (group DN), and diabetic nephropathy treated with Irb (group DNI). Diabetes was induced by injection of STZ ip after rats had received uninephrectomy. Blood glucose (BG), body weight (BW), urinary albumin excretion (Ualb), and 24-h proteinuria (24hUpro) were observed in the rats at week 4, 8, and 12, respectively. Creatinine clearance (Ccr), the kidney weight (KW), profile of kidney hypertrophy (KW/BW), renal tissue protein contents (RTP), glomerular area (AG), glomerular volume (VG), and width of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were determined after the rats were sacrificed at week 12. Renal expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in BG between group DN and DNI (P >0.05). Irb prevented the increasing of Ualb excretion, 24 hUpro, and Ccr in diabetic rats ( P < 0.01). Furthermore, Irb markedly inhibited the increasing of KW, KW/BW, RTP, AG, and VG shown in diabetic rats (P <0.05, P <0.01, respectively). Irb prevented the thickening of GBM and immunostaining of CTGF (P <0.01). The extent of CTGF expression was positively correlated with the glomerular immunostaining for TGF-beta1 and size of VG (P <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irb exerts an early renal protective role to diabetic nephropathy, possibly through inhibition of renal hypertrophy and expression of CTGF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China. kidney@jlonline.com
authors.forename: Bi-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dong-Dong
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Xiong-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Nai-Feng
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D013777:Tetrazoles; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D000077405:Irbesartan