title: Alkylphenol and bisphenol A levels in rubber products.
abstract: Levels of p-t-butylphenol (PTBP), p-t-octylphenol (PTOP), p-nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in rubber products in food-contact use, infant-related use and other uses are reported. Of 60 rubber products tested, PTOP was found in three in a concentration range of 2.2-37 microgram g(-1), and NP in 15 in a concentration range of 2.6-513 microgram g(-1). PTBP and BPA were not found in any sample. PTOP and NP were not detected in any infant-related sample, regardless of the material type. In contrast, among the samples with food contact and with other uses, the percentages containing PTOP or NP were 33 and 43%, respectively. A migration test was performed on eight samples containing NP and used in food-contact environments. The migration level of NP from spatulas to n-heptane was 0.83-1.52 microgram ml(-1). The average migration rates to water, 20% ethanol and n-heptane were 0.03, 0.7 and 6.6%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan. a.ozaki@iphes.city.osaka.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012408:Rubber / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D012408:Rubber; C025256:nonylphenol; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds; C006862:butylphen