title: Two histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, suppress differentiation into osteoclasts but not into macrophages.
abstract: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a new class of anticancer therapeutic agents and have been demonstrated to induce differentiation in some myeloid leukemia cell lines. In this study, we show that HDAC inhibitors have a novel action on osteoclast differentiation. The effect of 2 HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), on osteoclastogenesis was investigated using rat and mouse bone marrow cultures and a murine macrophage cell line RAW264. Both TSA and NaB inhibited the formation of preosteoclast-like cells (POCs) and multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (MNCs) in rat bone marrow culture. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, TSA reduced osteoclast-specific mRNA expression of cathepsin K and calcitonin receptor (CTR). In contrast, TSA and NaB did not affect the formation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor as examined by nonspecific esterase staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that TSA did not affect the surface expression of macrophage markers for CD11b and F4/80 of BMMs. TSA and NaB also inhibited osteoclast formation and osteoclast-specific mRNA expression in RAW264 cells stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) ligand (RANKL). Transient transfection assay revealed that TSA and NaB dose dependently reduced the sRANKL-stimulated or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated transactivation of NF-kappa B-dependent reporter genes. The treatment of RAW264 cells with TSA and NaB inhibited TNF-alpha-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B and sRANKL-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. These data suggest that both TSA and NaB exert their inhibitory effects by modulating osteoclast-specific signals and that HDAC activity regulates the process of osteoclastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima, Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Md Mizanur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kukita
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kukita
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shobuike
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kohashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D056657:Cathepsin K; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002087:Butyrates; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen; C012589:trichostatin A; D002403:Cathepsins; D056657:Cathepsin K; C534132:Ctsk protein, mouse; C534133:Ctsk protein, rat