title: Effect of milking frequency on DHI performance measures.
abstract: Increasing production by increasing milking frequency (MF) is a management option available to dairy producers. This study examined effects of MF and interactions with region and herd size on measures of herd performance. Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) Holstein herd summary records (n = 10,754, 10,550, and 10,438) for the years 1998, 1999, and 2000 were classified by MF: two times a day (2X) milking vs three times a day (3X); herd size: small (< 250 cows) and large (> or = 250 cows); and region: North and South. Percentage of herds milking 3X by year were 7.0, 6.7, and 7.1. Rolling herd average milk production was 16, 16, and 15% higher for herds milking 3X than herds milking 2X for the respective years. Herds milking 3X in the North region outproduced herds milking 3X in the South region. Milk fat and protein percentages were lower for herds milking 3X during all 3 yr. Differences in energy-corrected milk production between herds milking 3X and herds milking 2X were 14.5, 13.4, and 13.4% during the respective 3 yr as a result of lower component percentages for herds milking 3X. Herds milking 3X had more days open and higher actual calving intervals than herds milking 2X. Services per pregnancy for herds breeding primarily by artificial insemination were higher for herds milking 3X than for herds milking 2X. Somatic cell scores and weighted somatic cell counts were lower for herds milking 3X than herds milking 2X. Herds milking 3X had a higher percentage of somatic cell scores in the low range (0 to 3) and a lower percentage in the high range (7 to 9). Mean percentages of cows entering and leaving the herd were higher for herds milking 3X during all 3 yr.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA. jimsmith@uga.edu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Gilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002452:Cell Count; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007774:Lactation; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins