title: Tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication with penitrem A and roquefortine in two dogs.
abstract: In this report, we describe the natural intoxication of 2 dogs that consumed moldy dairy products found in the household garbage and the procedures used to identify and quantify the tremorgenic mycotoxins, roquefortine and penitrem A, in the remaining portions of ingested materials. Following the ingestion of mycotoxins, the dogs of our report developed muscle tremors or seizures that resembled clinical signs of strychnine poisoning. Roquefortine was the predominant mycotoxin in a moldy cream cheese wrapper that was found among scattered garbage consumed by the first dog. Penitrem A was the only mycotoxin detected in discarded moldy macaroni and cheese that was consumed by the second dog. Treatment of dogs with tremorgenic mycotoxin intoxication involves supportive care. Close monitoring is important because the development of aspiration pneumonia is common and has been reported as the cause of death. Clinical signs of intoxication gradually resolve within 24 to 48 hours.
authors.affiliation: Eastown Animal Hospital, 3709 E University Ave, Des Moines, IA 50317, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ierman
authors.forename: Ronda A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bottoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004873:Ergolines / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000506:poisoning*; D010407:Penicillium; D010879:Piperazines; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004873:Ergolines; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D007211:Indoles; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010879:Piperazines; C003626:tremortin; C012536:roquefortine