title: Mitochondrial respiration and Ca2+ waves are linked during fertilization and meiosis completion.
abstract: Fertilization increases both cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and oxygen consumption in the egg but the relationship between these two phenomena remains largely obscure. We have measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the mitochondrial NADH concentration on single ascidian eggs and found that they increase in phase with each series of meiotic Ca(2+) waves emitted by two pacemakers (PM1 and PM2). Oxygen consumption also increases in response to Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-induced Ca(2+) transients. Using mitochondrial inhibitors we show that active mitochondria sequester cytosolic Ca(2+) during sperm-triggered Ca(2+) waves and that they are strictly necessary for triggering and sustaining the activity of the meiotic Ca(2+) wave pacemaker PM2. Strikingly, the activity of the Ca(2+) wave pacemaker PM2 can be restored or stimulated by flash photolysis of caged ATP. Taken together our observations provide the first evidence that, in addition to buffering cytosolic Ca(2+), the egg's mitochondria are stimulated by Ins(1,4,5)P(3)-mediated Ca(2+) signals. In turn, mitochondrial ATP production is required to sustain the activity of the meiotic Ca(2+) wave pacemaker PM2.
authors.affiliation: BioMarCell, Unité de Biologie du Développement UMR 7009 CNRS/Paris VI, Observatoire, Station Zoologique, Villefranche sur Mer, 06230 France. r.dumollard@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dumollard
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hammar
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porterfield
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cibert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouvière
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sardet
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D016764:Cell Polarity; D019069:Cell Respiration; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D014561:Urochordata / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015053:Zygote
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D009243:NAD; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate