title: Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane with different xenon concentrations in Swine.
abstract: For patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3, the use of xenon (Xe) as the sole anesthetic is limited because of its large minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of 71%. This warrants investigating the combination of Xe with other inhaled anesthetics. We therefore investigated the influence of Xe on the MAC of isoflurane. The study was performed in 10 swine (weight, 28-35 kg) ventilated with Xe 0%, 15%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 65% in oxygen. For each Xe concentration, various concentrations of isoflurane were administered in a step-wise design. For each combination, a supramaximal pain stimulus (claw-clamp) was applied, and the appearance of a withdrawal reaction was recorded. The isoflurane MAC was defined as the end-tidal concentration required to produce a 50% response rate. At each Xe concentration, the responses to the pain stimulus were categorized, and a logistic regression model was fitted to the results to determine isoflurane MAC. Isoflurane MAC was decreased by inhalation of Xe in a nonlinear manner from 1.92% (95% confidence interval, 1.70%-2.15%) with 0% Xe to 1.17% (95% confidence interval, 0.75%-1.59%) with 65% Xe. Although this indicates partial antagonism of the two anesthetics, a combination of Xe with isoflurane may prove valuable for patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We investigated the influence of the anesthetic gas xenon on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) for isoflurane (another anesthetic gas). The study was performed in 10 swine ventilated with fixed xenon and various concentrations of isoflurane. The isoflurane MAC is decreased by inhalation of xenon in a nonlinear relationship.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Medical Statistics, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen, Germany. klaus.hecker@post.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyle-Hahn
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baumert
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heussen
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014978:Xenon / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014978:Xenon; D007530:Isoflurane