title: Autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes during isradipine therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium-channel blockade impairs renal autoregulation in animals. Impaired renal autoregulation leads to transmission of the systemic blood pressure (BP) into the glomerulus, resulting in capillary hypertension. Information on the impact of calcium antagonist treatment on renal autoregulation in humans is lacking. This study examines the effect of isradipine treatment on the autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized double-blind crossover study with 5 mg o.d. isradipine retard and matching placebo in 16 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Each treatment arm lasted 4 weeks. On the last day of each treatment period, GFR (single-shot 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance technique for 4 h) was measured twice between 8:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M., first without clonidine and then after intravenous injection of 75 micro g clonidine. BP was measured every 10 min (Takeda TM2420; A&D, Tokyo).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clonidine reduced mean arterial BP (MABP) by 15 +/- 1 vs. 11 +/- 1 mmHg (means +/- SE) during placebo and isradipine treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). GFR was reduced from 102 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 4 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) with placebo (P < 0.01) and from 106 +/- 5 to 98 +/- 5 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) during treatment with isradipine (P < 0.01). Mean difference (95% CI) between changes in GFR with placebo and isradipine was -4.6 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2) (-10.0 to 0.6) (P = 0.08). Six patients had a reduction in GFR >13% (exceeding the normal limit of autoregulation) combined with a complete pressure-passive vasculature (defined as DeltaMABP% < or = DeltaGFR%) during isradipine treatment versus none during the placebo treatment (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isradipine impairs GFR autoregulation in a sizeable proportion of hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kønig
authors.forename: Hans-Henrik
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017275:Isradipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003000:Clonidine; D017275:Isradipine