title: Differences in resting energy expenditure between male and female children with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate which factors might contribute to raised resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  REE and anthropometry were measured in 134 (males = 68) children with CF and 100 (males = 51) controls (range, 3-18.7 years) in an outpatient setting. Bacterial colonization, liver disease, inhaled steroid use, pancreatic and pulmonary function, sex, and genotype were determined and regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of REE in the group with CF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  REE for children with CF was increased on average by 7.2% compared with controls. This increase was greater for females than for males. REE in males was positively associated with fat-free mass (FFM), pancreatic insufficiency (PI), and liver disease, and negatively associated with pulmonary function, whereas in females, REE was positively associated with FFM and PI. REE (adjusted for FFM) was higher in children with a severe mutation (5495 +/- 47 kJ) compared with a mild mutation (5,176 +/- 124 kJ, P <.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI, severe mutations, and female sex are the main contributing factors to elevated REE in patients with CF with near normal pulmonary function.
authors.affiliation: James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Margie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gruca
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Asperen
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gaskin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors