title: Three-dimensional relativistic electromagnetic subcycle solitons.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) relativistic electromagnetic subcycle solitons were observed in 3D particle-in-cell simulations of an intense short-laser-pulse propagation in an underdense plasma. Their structure resembles that of an oscillating electric dipole with a poloidal electric field and a toroidal magnetic field that oscillate in phase with the electron density with frequency below the Langmuir frequency. On the ion time scale, the soliton undergoes a Coulomb explosion of its core, resulting in ion acceleration, and then evolves into a slowly expanding quasineutral cavity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Esirkepov
authors.forename: Katsunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Sergei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bulanov
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pegoraro