title: Relationship of insulin resistance and overweight with cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to assess the relationship of hormones such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) with insulin resistance and overweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed and conducted a cross-sectional, observational survey consisting of home visits within a previously defined area of Mexico City. The study included 303 apparently healthy volunteers from a middle-class socioeconomic urban community. We measured glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, cortisol, and DHEA-S. Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as belonging to the first quartile of fasting glucose/insulin ratio (G/IR) distribution or fourth quartile of IR (HOMA). Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  To predict IR in women < or =35 years of age, principal component analysis (PCA) disclosed three components: 1) cholesterol, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); 2) cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol, and 3) dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]. Solely the latter (DHEA-S) was significantly associated with IR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.80, confidence interval 95% [CI 95%] 1.11-2.91, p = 0.015). For men < or =35 years of age, there were two components: 1) cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and DBP, and 2) DHEA-S, cholesterol, and cortisol. Component 1 was significantly associated with IR (OR = 5.65; CI 95% 1.62-19.65, p = 0.006). To predict overweight in women >35 years of age, there were three components, including 1) cholesterol and triglycerides, 2) cortisol, and 3) DHEA-S and G/IR. Component 2 was significantly associated with overweight (OR = 0.38, CI 95% 0.23-0.64, p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women < or =35 years of age, high DHEA-S levels were associated with insulin resistance, which suggests that in young women DHEA-S exerts anti-estrogenic action, perhaps caused by its competitive binding with the estrogen receptor. Additionally, in women >35 years of age, low cortisol levels were associated with overweight. These associations were not identified for the male subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Investigación Médica, División de Investigación Clínica, Mexico City, Mexico. minod_mx@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mino
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Búrbano
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wacher
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lifshitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D002784:Cholesterol; D006854:Hydrocortisone