title: Computed tomographic diagnosis of unsuspected pyelonephritis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To emphasize the utility of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children with complex comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the CT imaging studies and medical records of 12 patients (8 girls, 4 boys; aged 2-18 years [mean 8.6 yr]) who did not have a classic presentation of pyelonephritis but were diagnosed by CT. All patients had fever at clinical presentation, and pyelonephritis was not suspected in any case. Two children had negative urine cultures before imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 patients had wedge-shaped areas of hypoattenuation on CT, 7 bilaterally; 10 had enlargement of an involved kidney; 5 had perinephric fat stranding; and 3 had focal abscesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although classic and uncomplicated pyelonephritis is a clinical diagnosis that does not require imaging, sometimes the presentation may be equivocal and the diagnosis unsuspected. Pyelonephritis is one of several potential sources of fever that can be simultaneously evaluated using CT. Using. CT, the unsuspected diagnosis of pyelonephritis can be made and therapy initiated before the urine culture is positive.
authors.affiliation: Strouse-University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Maturen
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Blane
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Strouse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed