Catalytic mechanism of thiol peroxidase from Escherichia coli. Sulfenic acid formation and overoxidation of essential CYS61.
Escherichia coli thiol peroxidase (Tpx, p20, scavengase) is part of an oxidative stress defense system that uses reducing equivalents from thioredoxin (Trx1) and thioredoxin reductase to reduce alkyl hydroperoxides. Tpx contains three Cys residues, Cys(95), Cys(82), and Cys(61), and the latter residue aligns with the N-terminal active site Cys of other peroxidases in the peroxiredoxin family. To identify the catalytically important Cys, we have cloned and purified Tpx and four mutants (C61S, C82S, C95S, and C82S,C95S). In rapid reaction kinetic experiments measuring steady-state turnover, C61S is inactive, C95S retains partial activity, and the C82S mutation only slightly affects reaction rates. Furthermore, a sulfenic acid intermediate at Cys(61) generated by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) treatment was detected in UV-visible spectra of 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-labeled C82S,C95S, confirming the identity of Cys(61) as the peroxidatic center. In stopped-flow kinetic studies, Tpx and Trx1 form a Michaelis complex during turnover with a catalytic efficiency of 3.0 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1), and the low K(m) (9.0 microm) of Tpx for CHP demonstrates substrate specificity toward alkyl hydroperoxides over H(2)O(2) (K(m) > 1.7 mm). Rapid inactivation of Tpx due to Cys(61) overoxidation is observed during turnover with CHP and a lipid hydroperoxide, 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, but not H(2)O(2). Unlike most other 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, which operate by an intersubunit disulfide mechanism, Tpx contains a redox-active intrasubunit disulfide bond yet is homodimeric in solution.
Baker
Laura M S
LM
Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
Poole
Leslie B
LB
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D019281:Dimerization; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D033903:Periplasmic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013434:Sulfenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014357:Trypsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D004220:Disulfides; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015289:Leukotrienes; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D033903:Periplasmic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013434:Sulfenic Acids; C025086:15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; C037041:fluorescein 5-maleimide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010544:Peroxidases; C097049:Tpx protein, E coli; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D014357:Trypsin; D003545:Cysteine; D010100:Oxygen