title: The future of ECVAM: a personal perspective.
abstract: Progress made in the practical application of the validation process is summarised, and some of the remaining problems are considered. Highlights of the first ten years of ECVAM are reviewed, andECVAM's activities as a route of communication on the Three Rs are discussed. Finally, some suggestions are made for maintaining ECVAM's momentum in the future, especially in relation to the challenge and opportunity for alternative methods afforded by the new EU Chemicals Policy.
authors.affiliation: ECVAM, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balls
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000639:trends*; D000818:Animals; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005062:European Union; D005544:Forecasting; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000639:trends*