title: Characteristics of diarrhoea in 10,008 users of lansoprazole in daily practice: which co-factors contribute?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diarrhoea is one of the most frequently reported adverse events during proton pump inhibitor use in any setting. Because of the limited available information, this study was set up with the aim of assessing the incidence and characteristics of diarrhoea and to investigate possible associated co-factors in proton pump inhibitor users in daily practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from a prospective, observational study in which 10,008 lansprazole users were followed over time (1994-1998). The study was designed according to the SAMM guidelines. A nested case-control design was used to compare proton pump inhibitor users reporting diarrhoea with those reporting no diarrhoea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of diarrhoea was 3.7% and the incidence density 10.7 per 1000 patients months of proton pump inhibitor use. The diarrhoea was most commonly loose and occurred on average 4.4 times per day. The analysis of co-factors revealed that patients with concomitant use of oral antibiotics and patients reporting neurological and/or dermatological adverse events, were at risk of developing diarrhoea during proton pomp inhibitor use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, diarrhoea was as frequently reported in our study as in clinical trials and observational data of lansoprazole users. We found the concomitant use of oral antibiotics and the reporting of certain other adverse events to be associated with the reporting of diarrhoea during lansoprazole use. Although a relationship with the proton pump inhibitor intake seemed very plausible, we recommend that use of concomitant medicines as a cause of diarrhoea must be taken into consideration in lansoprazole users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht, The Netherlands. angela@kendle.com
authors.forename: Angela A M C
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: Eibert R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heerdink
authors.forename: Jacques Th M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Eijk
authors.forename: Cornelis B H W
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: Hubert G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole