title: lingerer, a Drosophila gene involved in initiation and termination of copulation, encodes a set of novel cytoplasmic proteins.
abstract: In an effort to uncover genetic components underlying the courtship behavior of Drosophila melanogaster, we have characterized a novel gene, lingerer (lig), mutations of which result in abnormal copulation. Males carrying a hypomorphic mutation in lig fail to withdraw their genitalia upon termination of copulation, but display no overt abnormalities in their genitalia. A severe reduction in the dosage of the lig gene causes repeated attempted copulations but no successful copulations. Complete loss of lig function results in lethality during early pupal stages. lig is localized to polytene segment 44A on the second chromosome and encodes three alternatively spliced transcripts that generate two types of 150-kD proteins, Lig-A and Lig-B, differing only at the C terminus. Lig proteins show no similarity to known proteins. However, a set of homologous proteins in mammals suggest that Drosophila Lig belongs to a family of proteins that share five highly conserved domains. Lig is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), imaginal discs, and gonads. Lig-A expression is selectively reduced in lig mutants and the ubiquitous supply of this protein at the beginning of metamorphosis restores the copulatory defects of the lig mutant. We propose that lig may act in the nervous system to mediate the control of copulatory organs during courtship.
authors.affiliation: ERATO Yamamoto Behavior Genes Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation at Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuniyoshi
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Shunzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Wakae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Awano
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Juni
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003307:Copulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017344:Genes, Insect; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins