title: Fontan conversion to total cavopulmonary connection and arrhythmia ablation: clinical and functional results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the early results of conversion from atriopulmonary to total cavopulmonary connection in patients with failing Fontan operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early clinical and instrumental evaluation of patients undergoing conversion from atriopulmonary to total cavopulmonary connection from April 1999 to November 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral centre for congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 Fontan patients (mean (SD) age 20.9 (6.7) years) with refractory arrhythmias or ventricular dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total cavopulmonary connection, intraoperative ablation, and AAIR pacemaker implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Holter monitoring, transoesophageal atrial stimulation, ergometric test, and myocardial scintigraphy at a mean (SD) follow up of 16.8 (5.6) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One early postoperative death occurred. During follow up three patients had relapse of atrial tachycardia, controlled by medical treatment, and two were pacemaker dependent. Transoesophageal stimulation did not induce atrial tachycardia in any patient. Ergometric test showed a diminished exercise tolerance in all but one patient. Mean minute ventilation and maximum oxygen consumption were 62% and 40% of their respective predicted values. Myocardial scintigraphy showed reversal of rest or exercise dysfunction in five patients and improved systemic ventricular function in seven. Mean basal ejection fraction increased from 39.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32% to 46%) to 46.5% (95% CI 41.7% to 51.2%) and ejection fraction on effort from 42.3% (95% CI 33.9% to 50.7%) to 50.2% (95% CI 44.5% to 55.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that total cavopulmonary connection associated with intraoperative ablation and pacemaker implantation allows for better control of arrhythmias and improves ventricular function in the majority of patients with failing Fontan.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy. gabriella.agnoletti@nck.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agnoletti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vignati
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Crupi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods; D018610:Heart Bypass, Right / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery