title: The activation energy at Tg and the fragility index of indomethacin, predicted from the influence of the heating rate on the temperature position and on the intensity of thermally stimulated depolarization current peak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the activation energy at the glass transition temperature (and the fragility index) of amorphous indomethacin from the influence of heating rate on the features of the relaxation peaks obtained by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) and to compare the obtained results with those obtained by other procedures based on TSDC data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The glass transition temperature region of amorphous indomethacin was characterized at different heating rates by TSDC in a way similar to that used to determine the kinetics of the glass transition relaxation by differential scanning calorimetry. The features of a thermal sampled TSDC peak, namely the temperature location and the intensity, depend on the heating rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activation energy for structural relaxation (directly related to glass fragility) was estimated from the heating rate dependence of the TSDC peak location, T(m), and of the maximum intensity of the TSDC peak, I(T(m)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods for determining the activation energy for structural relaxation and fragility of indomethacin from TSDC data obtained with different heating rates were compared with other procedures previously proposed. TSDC, which is not a very familiar technique in the community of pharmaceutical scientists, proved to be a very convenient technique to study molecular mobility and to determine the fragility index in glass-forming systems. The value of approximately 60 appears as a reasonable value of the fragility index of indomethacin.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Complexo I, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. mouraramos@ist.utl.pt
authors.forename: Joaquim J Moura
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Natália T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taveira-Marques
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D004355:Drug Stability; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007213:Indomethacin