title: A new cytokine: the possible effect pathway of methionine enkephalin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate experimentally the effects of methionine enkephalin on signal transduction of mouse myeloma NS-1 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antigen determinate of delta opioid receptor was designed in this lab and the polypeptide fragment of antigen determinate with 12 amino acids residues was synthesized. Monoclonal antibody against this peptide fragment was prepared. Proliferation of Mouse NS-1 cells treated with methionine enkephalin of 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) was observed. The activities of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) were measured and thereby the mechanism of effect of methionine enkephalin was postulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that methionine enkephalin could enhance the proliferation of NS-1 cells and the effect of methionine enkephalin could be particularly blocked by monoclonal antibody. The activity of PKA was increased in both cytosol and cell membrane. With reference to PKC, the intracellular activity of PKC in NS-1 cells was elevated at 1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) and then declined gradually as the concentration of methionine enkephalin was raised. The effects of methionine enkephalin might be reversed by both naloxone and monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coupled with the findings, it indicates that the signal transduction systems via PKA and PKC are involved in the effects of methionine enkephalin by binding with the traditional opioid receptors,and therefore resulting in different biological effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong-Ai
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fei-Yi
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Guo-Guang
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ping-Feng
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D009270:Naloxone; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C