title: Decoding of short-lived Ca2+ influx signals into long term substrate phosphorylation through activation of two distinct classes of protein kinase C.
abstract: In electrically excitable cells, membrane depolarization opens voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels eliciting Ca(2+) influx, which plays an important role for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). However, we do not know whether Ca(2+) influx alone can activate PKC. The present study was conducted to investigate the Ca(2+) influx-induced activation mechanisms for two classes of PKC, conventional PKC (cPKC; PKCalpha) and novel PKC (nPKC; PKCtheta), in insulin-secreting cells. We have demonstrated simultaneous translocation of both DsRed-tagged PKCalpha to the plasma membrane and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate to the cytosol as a dual marker of PKC activity in response to depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) influx in the DsRed-tagged PKCalpha and GFP-tagged myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate co-expressing cells. The result indicates that Ca(2+) influx can generate diacylglycerol (DAG), because cPKC is activated by Ca(2+) and DAG. We showed this in three different ways by demonstrating: 1) Ca(2+) influx-induced translocation of GFP-tagged C1 domain of PKCgamma, 2) Ca(2+) influx-induced translocation of GFP-tagged pleckstrin homology domain, and 3) Ca(2+) influx-induced translocation of GFP-tagged PKCtheta, as a marker of DAG production and/or nPKC activity. Thus, Ca(2+) influx alone via voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels can generate DAG, thereby activating cPKC and nPKC, whose activation is structurally independent of Ca(2+).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan. hmogami@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mogami
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tetsumei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Ole H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002138:Calibration; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005959:Glucosidases; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C512948:Prkcsh protein, rat; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D005959:Glucosidases; D002118:Calcium