title: Polychlorinated camphenes (toxaphenes), polybrominated diphenylethers and other halogenated organic pollutants in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) from Svalbard and Bjørnøya (Bear Island).
abstract: The levels of polychlorinated camphenes (toxaphenes) were investigated in liver samples from 18 glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) from Bjørnøya (74 degrees N, 19 degrees E) and four individuals from Longyearbyen (78 degrees N, 15 degrees E). Additionally brominated flame retardants (BFRs), PCBs and chlorinated pesticides were investigated in liver and intestinal contents of 15 of the glaucous gulls from Bjørnøya. Of the analysed BFRs only 2,2',4,4'-tetra- and 2,2',4,4',5-pentabrominated diphenylethers (PBDE 47 and 99) could be detected. The concentrations ranged between 2 and 25 ng/g ww. In addition, high resolution measurements with GC/HRMS revealed the existence of several, not quantified, PBDEs and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) congeners in the samples. B9-1679 and B8-1413 were the dominating toxaphenes with median concentrations of 8 and 15 ng/g ww. Concentrations of toxaphenes and PBDEs were up to 100-times lower than the concentrations of PCB and some of the pesticides. PCB and p,p/-DDE constituted 90% of the contaminants found.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, The Polar Environmental Centre, Hjalmar Johansen gt. 14 N-9296 Tromsø, Norway. dorte.herzke@nilu.no
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herzke
authors.forename: Geir Wing
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gabrielsen
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evenset
authors.forename: Ivan C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Burkow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D014112:Toxaphene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D014112:Toxaphene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls