title: Preoperative cardiac events in elderly patients with hip fracture randomized to epidural or conventional analgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative myocardial ischemia occurs in 35% of unselected elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Perioperative epidural analgesia may reduce the incidence of adverse cardiac events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of early administration of epidural analgesia during the stressful period, on cardiac events was evaluated in a prospective randomized study in 68 patients with hip fractures who either had known coronary artery disease or were at high risk for coronary artery disease. On admission to the emergency room, patients were assigned to receive a usual care analgesic regimen (intramuscular meperidine, control group, n = 34) or continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetic and opioid (epidural group, n = 34). Monitoring in the preoperative period included a preoperative history and physical examination, daily assessment of cardiac adverse events, serial electrocardiograms, cardiac enzymes, and pain scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative adverse cardiac events were significantly more prevalent in the control group compared with the epidural group (7 of 34 0 of 34; = 0.01). Adverse cardiac events included fatal myocardial infarction in three, fatal congestive heart failure in one, nonfatal congestive heart failure in one, and new onset atrial fibrillation in two. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative adverse cardiac events was similar for the two groups. The significant difference between groups in the incidence of preoperative cardiac events prompted interruption of the study after the planned interim analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' data indicate that compared with conventional analgesia, early administration of continuous epidural analgesia is associated with a lower incidence of preoperative adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with hip fracture who have or are at risk for coronary artery disease. Preoperative epidural analgesia may be advantageous for this surgical population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Orthopedic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalen, Israel. matoth@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Idit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matot
authors.forename: Arieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oppenheim-Eden
authors.forename: Ruand
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ratrot
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranova
authors.forename: Elyad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eylon
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peyser
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebergall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000758:Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents