title: Prophylactic treatment of migraine with an angiotensin II receptor blocker: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of effective, well-tolerated drugs available for migraine prophylaxis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether treatment with the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan is effective as a migraine-prophylactic drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study performed in a Norwegian neurological outpatient clinic from January 2001 to February 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients aged 18 to 65 years with 2 to 6 migraine attacks per month were recruited mainly from newspaper advertisements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A placebo run-in period of 4 weeks was followed by two 12-week treatment periods separated by 4 weeks of placebo washout. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive one 16-mg candesartan cilexetil tablet daily in the first treatment period followed by 1 placebo tablet daily in the second period. The remaining 30 received placebo followed by candesartan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was number of days with headache; secondary end points included hours with headache, days with migraine, hours with migraine, headache severity index, level of disability, doses of triptans, doses of analgesics, acceptability of treatment, days of sick leave, and quality-of-life variables on the Short Form 36 questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a period of 12 weeks, the mean number of days with headache was 18.5 with placebo vs 13.6 with candesartan (P =.001) in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 57). Some secondary end points also favored candesartan, including hours with headache (139 vs 95; P<.001), days with migraine (12.6 vs 9.0; P<.001), hours with migraine (92.2 vs 59.4; P<.001), headache severity index (293 vs 191; P<.001), level of disability (20.6 vs 14.1; P<.001) and days of sick leave (3.9 vs 1.4; P =.01), although there were no significant differences in health-related quality of life. The number of candesartan responders (reduction of > or =50% compared with placebo) was 18 (31.6%) of 57 for days with headache and 23 (40.4%) of 57 for days with migraine. Adverse events were similar in the 2 periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan provided effective migraine prophylaxis, with a tolerability profile comparable with that of placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Erling.Tronvik@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Erling
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tronvik
authors.forename: Lars J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.forename: Grethe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helde
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C081643:candesartan