title: Is there an optimal pacing site to prevent atrial fibrillation?: an experimental study in the chronically instrumented goat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial pacing can reduce the number of recurrences of atrial fibrillation (AF). It is unclear the extent to which this effect is determined by the site(s) of pacing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In six electrically remodeled goats (24-hour AF), the window of inducibility of AF was determined by applying premature stimuli (S1-S2) at the right (RA) or left (LA) atrium (baseline values). Determination of the window of inducibility of AF at RA and LA was repeated during preventive pacing at four sites: RA, LA, Bachmann's bundle (BB), and RA+LA (biatrial). Mapping was used to elucidate the mechanisms of prevention of AF. At baseline, the window of inducibility of AF was 49 +/- 9 msec at RA and 45 +/- 17 msec at LA. Initiation of AF was associated with conduction block of the premature beat at BB. Preventive pacing at BB markedly shortened the window of inducibility of AF at RA (25 +/- 11 msec) and LA (17 +/- 8 msec, P < 0.01). Pacing at RA only shortened the window of inducibility of AF at LA (23 +/- 9 msec, P < 0.01), whereas pacing at LA only shortened the window of inducibility of AF at RA (23 +/- 11 msec, P < 0.01). Biatrial pacing failed to shorten the window of inducibility of AF both at RA and LA. Prevention of AF by pacing was due to prolongation of the premature interval at BB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the caprine model of AF, BB is a critical area of conduction of premature beats and initiation of AF. Pacing at BB can prevent but not completely abolish the initiation of AF by single premature beats (shortening of the window of inducibility). Prevention of AF by pacing is based on prolongation of the premature interval at BB, thus preventing conduction block and reentry. In general, the optimal site for preventive pacing is close to the area of block and remote from the origin of premature beats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duytschaever
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danse
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eysbouts
authors.forename: Maurits
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allessie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016275:Atrial Function; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000150:complications; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006041:Goats; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000379:methods