title: The maturation and coordination of sucking, swallowing, and respiration in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objectives were to establish normative maturational data for feeding behavior of preterm infants from 32 to 36 weeks of postconception and to evaluate how the relation between swallowing and respiration changes with maturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four infants (28 to 31 weeks of gestation at birth) without complications or defects were studied weekly between 32 and 36 weeks after conception. During bottle feeding with milk flowing only when infants were sucking, sucking efficiency, pressure, frequency, and duration were measured and the respiratory phase in which swallowing occurs was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sucking efficiency significantly increased between 34 and 36 weeks after conception and exceeded 7 mL/min at 35 weeks. There were significant increases in sucking pressure and frequency as well as in duration between 33 and 36 weeks. Although swallowing occurred mostly during pauses in respiration at 32 and 33 weeks, after 35 weeks swallowing usually occurred at the end of inspiration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Feeding behavior in premature infants matured significantly between 33 and 36 weeks after conception, and swallowing infrequently interrupted respiration during feeding after 35 weeks after conception.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba City, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D002657:Child Development; D003679:Deglutition; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D012119:Respiration; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D013997:Time Factors