title: Comparison of abdominal aortic hemodynamics between men and women at rest and during lower limb exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biologic variations between men and women have been hypothesized to contribute to the differences in atherosclerosis epidemiology of the two genders. Hemodynamics are also hypothesized to play an important role in the localization of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta. However, the hemodynamics of men and women have not been compared at this location at rest or during lower limb exercise conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A magnetic resonance-compatible exercise bicycle, magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and custom data processing software were used to quantify blood flow rate, wall shear stress, and oscillations in flow and wall shear stress at the supraceliac and infrarenal levels of the abdominal aorta of young healthy men and women at rest and during lower limb exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate increased from 73 +/- 6.2 bpm at rest to 110 +/- 8.8 bpm during exercise (P <.0001). No statistical differences were found at the infrarenal level for mean blood flow rate (men, 0.9 +/- 0.4 L/min; women, 0.8 +/- 0.4 L/min) or mean wall shear stress (men, 1.2 +/- 0.5 dynes/cm(2); women, 1.4 +/- 0.7 dynes/cm(2)) at rest or mean blood flow rate (men, 5.9 +/- 1.3 L/min; women, 5.2 +/- 0.8 L/min) or mean wall shear stress (men, 5.1 +/- 0.8 dynes/cm(2); women, 5.4 +/- 2.1 dynes/cm(2)) during exercise. Also, no differences were seen in temporal flow and wall shear stress oscillations between men and women at rest or during exercise. Similarly, no significant hemodynamic differences were found between the genders at the supraceliac level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These similarities suggest that hemodynamics may not play a significant role in abdominal aortic disease differentiation between the genders and that biologic factors may be more important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herfkens
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest; D012737:Sex Factors