title: Rural and urban South African women's awareness of cancers of the breast and cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The investigation sought to establish the awareness of breast and cervical cancers among women of African descent, in both rural and urban areas, especially considering the oppression and deprivation experienced by this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of randomly selected women in a rural (n = 70) and urban (n = 70) area were interviewed using a structured questionnaire assessing their knowledge and attitudes regarding breast and cervical cancer and screening options.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age range of the sample was 21-59 years with a mean of 35.23 years. Almost one-fifth of the women had not heard of these cancers, and almost half were unaware of the breast self-examination technique. Over one-third did not know about tests for breast cancer and more than half were unaware of tests for cervical cancer. Generally lower awareness levels were found in older and rural women who were also significantly more inclined to consult traditional healers (than doctors) about lumps in their breast or abnormal cervical bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are of great concern and represent a significant challenge in post-apartheid South Africa. The need for vigorous health promotion programmes cannot be sufficiently emphasised, especially in view of the benefits of early detection and treatment. There also needs to be particular focus on rural women, considering the inadequate health care resources in their communities and the socio-economic hardships facing them. Women in these communities must be empowered with knowledge about their health and illness prevention options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medically Applied Psychology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Natal & Midlands Hospital, South Africa. h993768@dohho.kzntl.gov.za
authors.forename: Anthony L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D044383:Black People; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*