title: Evidence for association of coronary sinus levels of hepatocyte growth factor and collateralization in human coronary disease.
abstract: The therapeutic use of angiogenic factors to protect ischemic myocardium is limited by our incomplete understanding of their endogenous production. We determined the association between angiogenic factors and collateral formation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 71 patients underwent catheterization with sampling of the pulmonary artery, aorta, and coronary sinus (CS) to determine the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). VEGF and HGF levels were not different in the three vascular sites, suggesting that the heart is not a major source of these cytokines in the circulation. CS VEGF and HGF levels were similar in patients with and without CAD. Elevated CS HGF levels were associated with collateral formation, whereas VEGF levels were not. Additionally, CS HGF was significantly elevated in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. These data map for the first time the concentration of endogenous angiogenic factors in the coronary circulation and support further studies to determine whether HGF may be an endogenous cardioprotective angiogenic factor.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Specialists of Texas, Texas City, TX 77565, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lenihan
authors.forename: Abdulfatah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Vissa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aitsebaomo
authors.forename: Cam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000378:metabolism; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor