title: [Measurement of fever in children--is infrared tympanic thermometry reliable?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our objective was to determine whether infrared tympanic thermometry is as reliable as the rectal digital thermometer. Earlier reports have given conflicting results on the issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  199 children aged 1 month to 12 years were included in the study. Rectal temperature and the temperature in at least one ear were obtained from all of the children. Children with perforated otitis media, intracranial tumours or treated with immunosuppressive medication were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean temperature in the rectum was 0.4 degree C higher than in the ear. The tympanic and the rectal readings were strongly correlated (r = 0.83, p = 0.01). With a definition of fever as rectal temperature > or = 38 degrees C the sensitivity of the tympanic thermometry was 71%, the specificity 95%, the positive predictive value 93%, and the negative predictive value 78%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrared tympanic thermometry has obvious advantages compared to rectal measurements: It is more hygienic, faster and less painful for the child. However, its sensitivity is rather low when used in an emergency department. This means that a number of children with fever will not be diagnosed as such.
authors.affiliation: Barnemedisinsk avdeling Kvinne-Barn klinikken Ullevål universitetssykehus 0407 Oslo. hossein.banitalebi@uus.no
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Banitalebi
authors.forename: Hans-Jacob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bangstad
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007259:Infrared Rays; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013821:Thermometers / Q000592:standards*; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*