title: Stature prediction equations for elderly non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American persons developed from NHANES III data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop new, nationally representative equations to predict stature for racial/ethnic groups of the elderly population in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric data for stature, knee height, and sitting height for adults aged 60 years or older were collected from a sample of persons in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a national probability sample of the US population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A gender- and racial/ethnic-stratified sample of 4,750 persons from the US population (1,369 non-Hispanic white men, 1,472 non-Hispanic white women, 474 non-Hispanic black men, 481 non-Hispanic black women, 497 Mexican-American men, 457 Mexican-American women) aged 60 years or older participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sampling weights were used to adjust the individual data to account for unequal probabilities of selection, nonresponse, and coverage errors so that all individual data used in these analyses represented national probability estimates. Regression analysis was performed to predict stature in each gender and ethnic group, and the results were cross-validated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stature prediction models using knee height and age and sitting height and age were evaluated for each gender and racial/ethnic group. The equations with knee height and age were selected on the basis of root mean square error and pure errors in cross-validation and on the accuracy and validity of measures of knee height over sitting height. Results of these regressions, including regression coefficients, standard errors of the coefficients, multiple correlation coefficients, root mean square error, and the standard error for the individual for the final equations, are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New stature prediction equations using knee height and age are presented for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American elderly persons from current nationally representative data. These equations should be applied when a measure of stature cannot be obtained, for example, for persons with amputations of the leg, or with spinal curvature or who are confined to bed. Predicted stature values are acceptable surrogates in nutritional indexes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, Department of Community Health, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chumlea
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wholihan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cockram
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kuczmarski
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D001827:Body Height / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011187:Posture; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D001741:Black or African American