title: Neuromuscular scoliosis: causes of deformity and principles for evaluation and management.
abstract: Scoliosis is commonly associated with a variety of neuromuscular disorders including conditions affecting upper and lower motor neurons as well as myopathies. Contained herein is a discussion of the spectrum of neuromuscular disorders that have been associated with scoliosis and related spinal deformities. Management, including surgical treatment in such patients, is summarized including indications, expectations, and impact on trunk balance, pulmonary function, and appearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berven
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bradford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000150:complications; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities