title: Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins during mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
abstract: Distraction osteogenesis is a form of in vivo tissue engineering in which the gradual separation of cut bone edges results in the generation of new bone. In this study, the temporal and spatial expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4, and 7 was examined in a rabbit model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Fourteen skeletally mature male rabbits were studied. After osteotomy, a distractor was applied to one side of the mandible. After 1 week of latency, distraction was initiated at 0.25 mm every 12 hours for 3 weeks (distraction period), followed by a 3-week consolidation period. Two animals were killed each week after surgery. The generate bone was analyzed for the expression of BMP-2, -4, and -7 by using standard bone histological and immunohistochemical techniques. BMP-2 and -4 were highly expressed in osteoblastic cells during the distraction period and in chondrocytes during the consolidation period. BMP-7 demonstrated relatively minor expression in osteoblastic cells during the distraction period. All BMPs were strongly expressed in vascularized connective tissue during the distraction period. These data indicate that BMPs participate in the translation of mechanical stimuli into a biological response during mandibular distraction osteogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.forename: Reggie C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lauzier
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amako
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Marie-Lucie
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lessard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D011817:Rabbits; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta