title: Prevalence and incidence studies of schizophrenic disorders: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the results of a systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2000, that reports findings on the prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia and related disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a literature search of schizophrenia-related epidemiological studies, using Medline and HealthSTAR databases and canvassing English-language publications. We used a set of predetermined inclusion-exclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. Eligible publications were restricted to age ranges of 18 years and over for prevalence studies and 15 years and over for incidence studies. Prevalence and incidence data were extracted and analyzed for heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 prevalence and 8 incidence studies met eligibility criteria for the review. Heterogeneity analysis revealed significant differences across 1-year and lifetime prevalence and 1-year incidence of schizophrenia. The corresponding pooled rates were: 0.34 per 100, 0.55 per 100, and 11.1 per 100,000, respectively; the variation in rates between studies was generally between 2- and 5-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we restricted this review to studies using rigorous and relatively homogeneous methods, there remains significant heterogeneity of prevalence and incidence rates. This strengthens support for the hypothesis that there is real variation in the distribution of schizophrenia around the world. Health planners need to have local data on schizophrenia rates to improve the accuracy of their interventions, while clinicians and researchers need to continue to investigate the etiology of this variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Head, Mental Health Evaluation and Community Consultation Unit (Mheccu), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Elliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goldner
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waraich
authors.forename: Julian M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Somers
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*