title: Quality improvement of integrated child health care management after in-service training for physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of integrated child health care management (ICHCM) promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) after an in-service training course.
  
  
  METHODS
  The training was carried out in a rural and an urban health unit and in the paediatric ward of the local reference hospital. Tutorial courses were given to small groups (4-6 students) over a 5-day period (40 h in total). The courses consisted of demonstrations, discussions, analyses, applications and evaluations of the ICHCM (in-service training). The training was evaluated by comparing the quality of ICHCM given by each physician in their work place on three different occasions: 15 days before the course began (pre-course evaluation), 15 days after the course (post-course evaluation) and 6 months after the course had ended (follow-up evaluation). Each physician was observed in each period during his or her consultation with a child under 5 years of age who presented with acute diarrhoea or acute respiratory infection. A series of possible behaviours by physicians was checked against a list of behaviours that would indicate effective training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average grades obtained by the 24 physicians evaluated (pre- and post-course) increased from 74.5 to 96.6 (22.1 points, P < 0.01). Physicians whose baseline grade was <80 had the greatest increases. Their averages grades increased from 68.2 to 91.3 (23.1 points, P < 0.001). The overall change for the whole group was sustained for up to 6 months (post-course 96.6 points and follow-up 90.9 points, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of ICHCM improved after the in-service training. No additional resources were necessary in the clinical units. This type of training can be extended to other countries or health programmes.
authors.affiliation: Interinstitutional Health Systems Research Group: Mexican Social Security Institute-Ministry of Health and Ministry of Health, Zacatecas, Mexico. hguiscafreg@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guiscafré
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Heladio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verver
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palafox
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Homero
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000628:therapy*