title: H-ras oncogene mutations during development of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced rat mammary gland cancer.
abstract: Laser capture microdissection, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and DNA sequencing was used to detect H-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations during the stages of mammary gland cancer development in rats exposed to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a carcinogen found in cooked meat. Ten oral doses of PhIP (75 mg/kg, p.o., once per day) were administered to adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats and mammary glands examined histologically for intraductal proliferations (IDPs), carcinoma in situ and carcinomas 7-14 weeks later. Mammary gland epithelial cells from normal tissue and distinct lesions were collected from glass slides and analyzed for mutations. H-ras codon 12/13 mutations were detected in 73%, 75%, 100%, and 100% of normal mammary glands, IDPs, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma, respectively, after PhIP treatment. The spectrum of activating mutations included G(35) to A or C base substitution mutations in codon 12, and G(37) to T or A base substitution mutations in codon 13. The spectrum of H-ras mutations was similar among normal mammary gland from PhIP treated rats, preneoplastic lesions, and carcinomas. Furthermore, the spectrum of mutations was consistent with the involvement of PhIP-guanine adduct formation. The results support the notion that mutations in H-ras codons 12 and 13 are largely PhIP-DNA adduct-induced and involved in the initiation and development of mammary gland cancer in rats exposed to PhIP.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Minshu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Snyderwine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D002455:Cell Division; D003062:Codon; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D007093:Imidazoles; D007834:Lasers; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009154:Mutation; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003062:Codon; D007093:Imidazoles; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine