title: Residence near power lines and the risk of birth defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been some concern that exposure to electromagnetic fields may cause birth defects. We studied risks of birth defects by residential exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields from power lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated the distance between residence and power lines for 161,844 Norwegian residences, and their corresponding magnetic fields in the period 1980 to 1997. Risks of 24 categories of birth defects were compared across exposure levels, adjusting for social and demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those living near power lines, the greatest reductions in risk were for cardiac defects (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval = 0.3-0.9) and respiratory defects (0.4; 0.2-0.9). The largest increase in risk was for esophageal defects (2.5; 1.0-5.9). Other associations were weaker and had wide confidence intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was little evidence that residence near power lines affected the risk of birth defects. The observed decreased risks of cardiac and respiratory defects and the increased risk of esophageal defects should be interpreted with caution given the number of endpoints, the imprecision in the calculations of the distance from the residence to the power line, and the limited information on pregnant women's change of residence.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway. karl.g.blaasaas@nrpa.no
authors.forename: Karl Gerhard
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Blaasaas
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tynes
authors.forename: Rolv Terje
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000009:adverse effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries