title: Effect of clomiphene citrate on endometrium thickness and echogenic patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the thickness and echogenic pattern of the endometrium using vaginal sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental prospective study, CC was given to 31 women with unexplained infertility. Thickness and echo patterns of the endometrium, as well as estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels, were compared in women taking CC and in control patients during both the late proliferative and midsecretory phases of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrial thickness was significantly thinner in women taking CC (P<0.03) than in controls during the late proliferative phase but there was no significant difference during the midsecretory phase. The endometrial echogenic patterns of women taking CC who had conceived revealed endometrial thicknesses of grade III and grade IV on midsecretory days, but these findings were not significantly different from those of women who had not conceived (P=0.3). Serum E2 level was higher in women taking CC than in the controls on both late proliferative and midsecretory days (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CC affects endometrium thickness on late proliferative days but not on midsecretory days, and does not alter the echogenic pattern of the endometrium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infertility and Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. dehbashi@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dehbashi
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Parsanezhad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alborzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D002996:Clomiphene; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol