title: Laparoscopic staging and subsequent palliation in patients with peripancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that laparoscopic staging improves outcome in patients with peripancreatic carcinoma compared to standard radiology staging.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diagnostic laparoscopy of peripancreatic malignancies has been reported to improve assessment of tumor stage and to prevent unnecessary exploratory laparotomies in 10% to 76% of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound were performed in 297 consecutive patients with peripancreatic carcinoma scheduled for surgery after radiologic staging. Patients with pathology-proven unresectable tumors were randomly allocated to either surgical or endoscopic palliation. All others underwent laparotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic staging detected biopsy-proven unresectable disease in 39 patients (13%). At laparotomy, unresectable disease was found in another 72 patients, leading to a detection rate for laparoscopic staging of 35%. In total, 145 of the 197 patients classified as having "possibly resectable" disease after laparoscopic staging underwent resection (74%). Average survival in the group of 14 patients with biopsy-proven unresectable tumors randomly allocated to endoscopic palliation was 116 days, with a mean hospital-free survival of 94 days. The corresponding figures were 192 days and 164 days in the 13 patients allocated to surgical palliation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the limited detection rate for unresectable metastatic disease and the likely absence of a large gain after switching from surgical to endoscopic palliation, laparoscopic staging should not be performed routinely in patients with peripancreatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Els J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nieveen van Dijkum
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
authors.forename: Laurens Th
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Jan H P
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
authors.forename: Han S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lameris
authors.forename: Erik A J
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rauws
authors.forename: Huug
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obertop
authors.forename: Casper H J
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Eyck
authors.forename: Patrick M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gouma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional