title: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Postmenopausal hormone use is associated with an increase in mammographic density, but the magnitude of the density increase is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and 12-month mammograms were obtained for 571 (65%) of the 875 women, aged 45-64 years, who were enrolled in the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial and randomly assigned to receive placebo, daily conjugated equine estrogens at 0.625 mg/day (CEE), daily CEE and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at 10 mg/day on days 1-12 (CEE+MPA-cyclic), daily CEE and MPA at 2.5 mg/day (CEE+MPA-continuous), or daily CEE and micronized progesterone (MP) at 200 mg/day on days 1-12 (CEE+MP). We analyzed digitized mammograms to determine the percentage of the left breast that was composed of dense tissue (i.e., mammographic percent density). Linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of treatments on the change in mammographic percent density between baseline and 12 months, before and after adjustment for possible confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adjusted absolute mean changes in mammographic percent density over 12 months were 4.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.29% to 6.23%), 4.58% (95% CI = 3.19% to 5.97%), and 3.08% (95% CI = 1.65% to 4.51%) for women in the CEE+MPA-cyclic, CEE+MPA-continuous, and CEE-MP groups, respectively. Each of those absolute mean changes was statistically significantly different from the adjusted absolute mean change in mammographic percent density for women in the placebo group, which was -0.07% (95% CI = -1.50% to 1.38%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater mammographic density was associated with the use of estrogen/progestin combination therapy, regardless of how the progestin was given, but not with the use of estrogen only.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. ggrenda@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Gail A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Greendale
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Reboussin
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slone
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wasilauskas
authors.forename: Malcolm C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Giske
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ursin
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000009:adverse effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate