title: The impact of roster changes on absenteeism and incident frequency in an Australian coal mine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occupational health and safety implications associated with compressed and extended work periods have not been fully explored in the mining sector.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact on employee health and safety of changes to the roster system in an Australian coal mine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were collected over a 33 month period that covered three different roster schedules. Period 1 covered the original 8-hour/7-day roster. Period 2 covered a 12-month period under a 12-hour/7-day schedule, and period 3 covered a 12-month period during which a roster that scheduled shifts only on weekdays, with uncapped overtime on weekends and days off (12-hour/5-day) was in place. Data were collected and analysed from the maintenance, mining, and coal preparation plant (CPP) sectors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only significant change in absenteeism rates was an increase in the maintenance sector in the third data collection period. Absenteeism rates in the mining and CPP sectors were not different between data collection periods. The increase in the maintenance sector may be owing to: (1) a greater requirement for maintenance employees to perform overtime as a result of the roster change compared to other employee groups; or (2) greater monotony associated with extended work periods for maintenance employees compared to others. After the first roster change, accident incident frequency decreased in the CPP sector but not in the other sectors. There was no effect on incident frequency after the second roster change in any sector.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study did not find significant negative effects of a 12-hour pattern, when compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive overtime was introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates were increased in the maintenance sector. The combination of excessive work hours and lack of consultation with employees regarding the second change may have contributed to the overall negative effects.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, 5th Floor, CDRC Building, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville Road, Woodville, South Australia, Australia 5001. angela.baker@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heiler
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003032:Coal Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance