title: UK bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products: by birth cohort and gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most likely human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is dietary, through beef mechanically recovered meat (MRM) and head meat used in burgers, sausages and other meat products. The majority, reportedly 90% of beef MRM and 80% of head meat, was used in burgers. To enable quantification of UK dietary exposure to BSE, we quantified bovine carcass meat consumed as burgers, sausages and other meat products by birth cohort, gender and calendar period (1980-1989, 1990-1996).
  
  
  METHODS
  Synthesis of dietary data (cross-sectional National Dietary and Nutrition Surveys, and serial National Food Surveys and Realeat Surveys) to simulate weekly consumption by one-thousandth of the UK population in each year from 1980 to 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1980-1989, the highest number of consumers (per 7 days) of all three food groups was in the 1940-1969 birth cohort - averaging 3.7 million male consumers of burgers, 2.6 million of sausages and 8.5 million of other meat products. The post-1969 birth cohort had the next highest number of consumers of burgers (1.8 million males). In 1990-1996, consumer numbers declined for the two older cohorts, most strikingly for burgers (down to 2.5 million males in the 1940-1969 cohort). The 1940-1969 cohort retained the highest number of consumers of sausages and other meat products, and second place for burgers. Male consumption was higher, even in the pre-1940 birth cohort where, for demographic reasons, female consumers outnumbered males. In the post-1969 birth cohort, female consumption of bovine carcass meat weight as burgers increased from 68 tonnes in 1980-1989 to 81 tonnes in 1990-1996, and male consumption increased more markedly (by 41%) from 84 tonnes to 119 tonnes; and similarly for other meat products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Properly marshalled age-group and gender-specific consumption data contribute to a clearer understanding of the demography of those who were at risk of dietary exposure to BSE and of when their exposure intensity was greatest. Other countries may need to consider using dietary data to model their human BSE exposure from UK and other BSE-affected regions.
authors.affiliation: MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology