title: Trapping and characterization of novel retinoid response elements.
abstract: Retinoids, such as retinoic acid (RA), play a critical role in normal vertebrate development and physiology. However, embryonic exposure to excess retinoids also causes severe malformations. Retinoids bind RA receptors and retinoid X receptors, thus activating a plethora of genes. Separating the genes induced directly by retinoid-bound receptors from those induced subsequently by other transcription factors is difficult. The loose consensus defining known RA responsive elements (RAREs) further complicates this effort. We developed a yeast-based system to trap functional RAREs in the mouse genome. Several of the clones contain RAREs near RA-induced genes. Mammalian reporter gene analyses and EMSAs showed that these are bona fide RAREs. This functional genomics approach should identify RA-regulated genes that initiate critical signaling cascades in cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA.
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Glozak
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rae
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reuille
authors.forename: Kwan Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: My-Nuong
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: Melissa B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D015723:Gene Library; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; C119111:Znrf4 protein, mouse