title: PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing of presenilin 1.
abstract: Presenilin (PS, PS1/PS2) complexes are known to be responsible for the intramembranous gamma-secretase cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and signaling receptor Notch. PS holoprotein undergoes endoproteolysis by an unknown enzymatic activity to generate NH(2)- and COOH-terminal fragments, a process that is required for the formation of the active and stable PS/-gamma-secretase complex. Biochemical and genetic studies have recently identified nicastrin, APH-1, and PEN-2 as essential cofactors that physically interact with PS1 and are necessary for the gamma-secretase activity. However, their precise function in regulating the PS complex and gamma-secretase activity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous PEN-2 preferentially interacts with PS1 holoprotein. Down-regulation of PEN-2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolishes the endoproteolysis of PS1, whereas overexpression of PEN-2 promotes the production of PS1 fragments, indicating a critical role for PEN-2 in PS1 endoproteolysis. Interestingly, accumulation of full-length PS1 resulting from down-regulation of PEN-2 is alleviated by additional siRNA down-regulation of APH-1. Furthermore, overexpression of APH-1 facilitates PEN-2-mediated PS1 proteolysis, resulting in a significant increase in PS1 fragments. Our data reveal a direct role of PEN-2 in proteolytic cleavage of PS1 and a regulatory function of APH-1, in coordination with PEN-2, in the biogenesis of the PS1 complex.
authors.affiliation: Fisher Center for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Benny S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Hahn-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thinakaran
authors.forename: Tae-Wan
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Huaxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D010450:Endopeptidases; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D053764:Presenilin-1; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; C469349:PSENEN protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; C475154:APH1A protein, human; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases