title: Distribution of film orientations in free and strained foams.
abstract: We show that the distribution of film orientations in a free (i.e., unstrained) foam cluster, though in general not uniform, has the same second moments as a uniform distribution. This is, however, in general not true of its other moments, which reflects the internal order of film orientations imposed by Plateau's laws. For a strained cluster, we relate the deviations of the second moments of the orientation distribution from their values for an unstrained cluster, to the stresses acting on the cluster. Our predictions are corroborated by experimental results for free and strained two-dimensional clusters, allowing us to find the force on a cluster bounded by two parallel walls.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais and Instituto de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais e Superfícies, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.forename: P I C
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: M Fátima
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vaz