title: Bubble and spherical air shell formation dynamics.
abstract: We studied the formation dynamics of air bubbles emitted from a nozzle submerged in aqueous glycerol solutions of different viscosities. We describe the evolution of the bubbling regimes by using the air flow rate as a control parameter and the time between successive bubbles as a dynamical variable. Some results concerning bubbling coalescence were emulated with a combination of simple maps. We also observed the formation of air shells surrounding liquid drops inside the liquid, known as antibubbles. The antibubbling conditions were related to an intermittent regime.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, Brazil. tufaile@if.usp.br
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tufaile
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sartorelli