title: Chest sonography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a comparison with MRI angiography and ventilation perfusion scintigraphy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the diagnostic performance of chest sonography, MRI angiography and ventilation/perfusion intigraphy in pulmonary embolism (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective clinical study, 55 patients (41 women, 14 men, age 23 - 91 years) with clinical signs of PE were investigated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. The final diagnosis was made by MRI angiography (reference method).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PE was diagnosed in a total of 36 patients. Chest sonography revealed rounded or wedge-shaped hypoechoic lesions in 30 patients. On ventilation/perfusion (V/P) scintigraphy, 41 patients had positive V/P scans, but only 23 were of high probability. Chest ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 97 % to diagnose PE. The sensitivity, specificity, the negative predictive value and accuracy were 81 %, 84 %, 84 % and 82 %, respectively. As 18 patients had inconclusive scans, the diagnostic performance of ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy was poor. The positive predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were 58 %, 42 % and 91 %, respectively. Patients in whom PE was excluded mainly suffered from congestive heart failure, bronchopulmonary infections or pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A negative sonographic study cannot rule out PE with certainty. However, a chest sonography is of acceptable diagnostic value in patients with suspected PE and may be used as an adjunct or guide to more established methods.
authors.affiliation: A.O. Krankenhaus Lienz, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lechleitner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raneburger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gamper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theurl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lederer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013909:Thorax; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio