Pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Recent years have witnessed important advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Both genetic and mechanistic studies have succeeded in identifying new molecular pathways relevant to the process of pulmonary vascular remodelling, which underlies PPH. Mutations in the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor (BMPR)-II are now considered to be the genetic basis for familial PPH and approximately 30% of cases of sporadic PPH. The identification of the relevance of the BMP pathway to the aetiology of PPH now raises many questions about the link between the BMPR-II mutant genotype and the PPH phenotype. As PPH does not develop in all subjects with BMPR-II mutations, environmental or associated genetic factors may play a crucial role. Among these, the finding of an association between PPH and the L-allelic variant of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene indicates that 5-HTT, which controls smooth muscle hyperplasia, probably contributes to susceptibility to PPH or is an important modifier of the PPH phenotype. Recognition of these molecular pathways should provide insight into the pathogenesis not only of primary pulmonary hypertension, but also of secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension. This should soon lead to the development of new and more selective therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension.
Eddahibi
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S
INSERM U492 and Dept of Physiology, Hôpital H. Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.
Morrell
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N
d'Ortho
M P
MP
Naeije
R
R
Adnot
S
S
D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D012701:Serotonin / Q000235:genetics; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C498218:BMPR2 protein, human; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II