title: Kynurenines and the respiratory parameters on rat heart mitochondria.
abstract: It has been shown recently that the L-kynurenine metabolite kynurenic acid lowers the efficacy of mitochondria ATP synthesis by significantly increasing state IV, and reducing respiratory control index and ADP/oxygen ratio of glutamate/malate-consuming heart mitochondria. In the present study we investigated the effect of L-tryptophan (1.25 microM to 5 mM) and other metabolites of L-kynurenine as 3-hydroxykynurenine (1.25 microM to 2.5 mM), anthranilic acid (1.25 microM to 5 mM) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (1.25 microM to 5 mM) on the heart mitochondria function. Mitochondria were incubated with saturating concentrations of respiratory substrates glutamate/malate (5 mM), succinate (10 mM) or NADH (1 mM) in the presence or absence of L-tryptophan metabolites. Among tested substances, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and anthranilic acid but not tryptophan affected the respiratory parameters dose-dependently, however at a high concentration, of a micro molar range. 3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid lowered respiratory control index and ADP/oxygen ratio in the presence of glutamate/malate and succinate but not with NADH. While, anthranilic acid reduced state III oxygen consumption rate and lowered the respiratory control index only of glutamate/malate-consuming heart mitochondria. Co-application of anthranilic acid and kynurenic acid (125 or 625 microM each) to glutamate/malate-consuming heart mitochondria caused a non-additive deterioration of the respiratory parameters determined predominantly by kynurenic acid. Accumulated data indicate that within L-tryptophan metabolites kynurenic acid is the most effective, followed by anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to influence the respiratory parameters of heart mitochondria. Present data allow to speculate that changes of kynurenic acid and/or anthranilic acid formation in heart tissue mitochondria due to fluctuation of L-kynurenine metabolism may be of functional importance for cardiovascular processes. On the other hand, beside the effect of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine on respiratory parameters, their oxidative reactivity may contribute to impairment of mitochondria function, too.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary University Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Halina.Baran@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staniek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kepplinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Draxler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nohl
mesh_terms: D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013386:Succinates / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D013386:Succinates; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; D009243:NAD; C031385:anthranilic acid; D015095:3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; C005045:3-hydroxykynurenine; D007737:Kynurenine; D014364:Tryptophan