title: Frail elderly as disaster victims: emergency management strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the vulnerabilities of elderly to disasters, and to develop strategies to address these vulnerabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A relevant literature search of journal articles, government training materials, news reports, and materials from senior organizations was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vulnerability of the elderly to disasters is related to their impaired physical mobility, diminished sensory awareness, chronic health conditions, and social and economic limitations that prevent adequate preparation for disasters, and hinder their adaptability during disasters. Frail elderly, those with serious physical, cognitive, economic, and psycho-social problems, are at especially high risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This segment of the population is growing rapidly. Therefore, it is important that emergency management recognize the frail elderly as a special needs population, and develop targeted strategies that meet their needs. Several management strategies are presented and recommendations for further action are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Management and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. LSchiff@gwu.edu
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Deana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Byard
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barbera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006302:Health Services Research; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors