title: Association of uterine edema with follicle waves around the onset of the breeding season in pony mares.
abstract: During spring transition, when estrus may be exhibited for prolonged periods, it is important for veterinarians and stud farm personnel to be able to predict whether a large follicle will ovulate or regress. It is thought that the presence of ultrasonically detectable uterine edema indicates that a follicle will ovulate, however, there is little evidence to support this. In the present study, 16 mares were regularly examined by transrectal ultrasonography to follow growth and regression of follicles from seasonal anestrus in February until second ovulation. Blood samples were collected daily for measurement of estradiol concentrations when a large ovarian follicle was present. Estrous-like uterine edema was detected during 7 of 11 (64%) anovulatory follicle waves, in 12 of 14 (86%) mares before their first ovulation, and in 100% of mares before their second ovulation. Uterine edema was first detected 43+/-6.7 days before first ovulation. Large anovulatory follicles tended to be present for longer periods of time than ovulatory follicles. Uterine edema was present for a significantly greater proportion of time in the presence of a large follicle at second ovulation than at first ovulation (P<0.05) or for anovulatory follicles (P<0.01). Peak plasma estradiol concentrations and mean plasma estradiol concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.001) when a dominant preovulatory follicle was present compared with a dominant anovulatory follicle, but there was no difference in estradiol concentrations between first and second ovulations. It was apparent, therefore, that uterine edema was not a reliable indicator of follicular steroidogenic competence, or of whether the follicle would ovulate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. elaine.watson@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomassen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikolakopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004972:Estrus Detection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol