The influence of simultaneous whole body exposure to cigarette smoke and low-protein diet feeding on fertility, reproduction, and progeny of rats.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological influence of different concentrations of tobacco smoke and low-protein diet on fertility, reproduction, and survival of offspring of Wistar female rats. We studied three generations, two litters in each. There were 192 animals in parent generation. Animals were exposed to three different concentrations of tobacco smoke that were reflected by the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (500, 1000, and 1500 mg CO/m3 air) during 11 weeks (six before and two weeks during mating, and three weeks of pregnancy). Additionally, animals were divided into two subgroups that were fed normal or low-protein diet. In the present study, we concentrated on the indices describing the reproduction ability, fertility, and rearing of pups of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke. The parameters of newborns survival were estimated also. We concluded that neither tobacco smoke exposure nor the low-protein diet changed the duration of pregnancy. The tobacco smoke in all doses and low-protein diet had a negative influence on fertility, reproduction, and survival of newborns from exposed mothers. This influence was mainly attributed to the tobacco smoke exposure. The levels of carboxyhaemoglobin were increasing with increasing tobacco smoke concentration.
Florek
E
E
Department of Toxicology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-631, Poland. eflorek@usoms.poznan.pl
Szymanowski
K
K
Wrzosek
J
J
Piekoszewski
W
W
Biczysko
W
W
Marszałek
A
A
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin