title: Platelet sodium-proton exchanger and phospholipid-dependent procoagulant activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Platelet Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity, phospholipid-dependent thrombin generation, and platelet factor 3 (PF3) availability were measured in 83 type 2 diabetics and in 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity was significantly increased in diabetic patients in comparison to the controls (kappa = 4.29 +/- 0.71 x 10(-3) x s(-1) v 3.21 +/- 0.64 x 10(-3) x s(-1), P <.00001). However, there was no significant difference between subjects with (kappa = 4.28 +/- 0.75 x 10(-3) x s(-1)) and without (kappa = 4.26 +/- 0.32 x10(-3) x s(-1)) arterial hypertension, as well as between patients with normo- and microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria (kappa = 4.26 +/- 0.58 x 10(-3) x s(-1), kappa = 4.47 +/- 0.93 x 10(-3) x s(-1) and kappa = 4.07 +/- 0.38 x10(-3) x s(-1), respectively). Comparatively high NHE activity was observed in the group of patients with hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) less than 7.5%. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factors independently related to platelet Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity were: total PF3 activity (beta = 0.77, P =.011) and triglyceride (TG) concentration (beta = 0.44, P =.039). Phospholipid-dependent thrombin generation and PF3 availability were also enhanced in all plasma fractions of diabetic patients, especially in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and platelet-free plasma (PFP) (P <.0001 and P <.00001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between NHE activity and thrombin generation, as well as with PF3 availability in all plasma fractions. Our results suggest that enhanced platelet Na(+)/H(+) exchanger activity associated with raised phospholipid-dependent procoagulant activity may increase the risk of vascular damage in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical Academy of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Telejko
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomasiak
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stelmach
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinalska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010977:Platelet Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D010977:Platelet Factor 3; D013917:Thrombin; D014280:Triglycerides