title: QTc interval lengthening is related to CYP2D6 hydroxylation capacity and plasma concentration of thioridazine in patients.
abstract: Thioridazine cardiotoxicity has been associated with a prolonged heart-rate corrected QT (QTc) interval. However, no systematic studies have been performed on patients at therapeutic doses. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of dose and plasma concentration of thioridazine and CYP2D6 enzyme status on the QTc interval in psychiatric patients. Sixty-five Spanish European psychiatric patients receiving thioridazine antipsychotic monotherapy were studied. The plasma levels of thioridazine and its metabolites were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. All patients were phenotyped for CYP2D6 activity with debrisoquine during treatment. Thirty-five patients (54%) had a QTc interval over 420 ms. The lengthening of QTc interval was correlated with plasma concentration (p < 0.05) and daily dose (p < 0.05) of thioridazine. CYP2D6 enzyme hydroxylation capacity, evaluated by debrisoquine metabolic ratio (MR) (p < 0.05) and thioridazine/mesoridazine ratio (p < 0.05), was also correlated with QTc intervals. The present study shows the relationship between QTc interval lengthening among psychiatric patients treated at therapeutical doses with the dose and the plasma concentration of thioridazine. Since debrisoquine MR has been shown to be correlated with the QTc intervals, CYP2D6 enzyme hydroxylation capacity might be relevant in determining the risk for QTc interval lengthening. Patients with impaired CYP2D6 enzyme activity due to enzyme inhibition by thioridazine might be more prone to increased risk of sudden death due to torsade de pointes type cardiac dysrhythmia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. allerena@unex.es
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: LLerena
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berecz
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Rubia
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorado
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001711:Biotransformation; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003647:Debrisoquin; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D013881:Thioridazine; D003647:Debrisoquin