title: Isolated limb perfusion: distinct tourniquet and tumor necrosis factor effects on the early hemodynamic response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence indicates that tumor response rates after isolated limb perfusion (ILP) are improved when tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is added to the locoregional perfusion of high doses of chemotherapy. Other factors, related to the patient or the ILP procedure, may interfere with the specific role of TNF in the early hemodynamic response after ILP with TNF and high-dose chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with a locoregionally advanced tumor of a limb treated by ILP with TNF and high-dose chemotherapy (TNF group) were compared with 31 similar patients treated by ILP with high-dose chemotherapy alone (non-TNF group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Swan-Ganz catheter hemodynamic recordings, patients' treatment data collection, and TNF and interleukin 6 plasma level measurements at regular intervals during the first 36 hours following ILP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemodynamic profile and total fluid and catecholamine administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the TNF group, significant changes were observed (P<.006): the mean arterial pressure and the systemic vascular resistance index decreased, and the temperature, heart rate, and cardiac index increased. These hemodynamic alterations started when the ILP tourniquet was released (ie, when or shortly after the systemic TNF levels were the highest). The minimal mean arterial pressure, the minimal systemic vascular resistance index, the maximal cardiac index, the intensive care unit stay, and the interleukin 6 maximal systemic levels were significantly (P<.001 for all) correlated to the log(10) of the systemic TNF level. In the non-TNF group, only a brief decrease in the blood pressure following tourniquet release and an increase in the temperature and in the heart rate were statistically significant (P<.006). Despite significantly more fluid and catecholamine administration in the TNF group, the mean arterial pressure and the systemic vascular resistance index were significantly (P<.001) lower than in the non-TNF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Release of the tourniquet induces a blood pressure decrease that lasts less than 1 hour in the absence of TNF and that is distinct from the septic shock-like hemodynamic profile following TNF administration. The systemic TNF levels are correlated to this hemodynamic response, which can be observed even at low TNF levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. dchristo@hospvd.ch
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
authors.forename: Pierre-Guy
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Chassot
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosimann
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lienard
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunstein
authors.forename: Dritan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bejko
authors.forename: Ferdy J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiolero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005121:Extremities; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha