title: By IL-1 signaling, monocyte-derived cells dramatically enhance the epidermal antimicrobial response to lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: Epithelia react to microbial pathogens by mounting a defensive response that includes the production of antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we show that, in human epidermal cultures, Escherichia coli LPS was a very weak direct inducer of human beta-defensin (HBD)-2 mRNA and peptide, but the induction was greatly amplified when monocyte-derived cells (MoDeC) acted as intermediaries between LPS and the epidermis. IL-1R antagonist largely reversed the effect of MoDeC on epidermal HBD-2, indicating that, from among the many products of MoDeC, IL-1 was the dominant inducer of HBD-2 synthesis. In normal fresh human skin, which contains Langerhans cells and other myeloid cell types, in addition to keratinocytes, LPS also induced HBD-2 in an IL-1-dependent manner. In DNA microarray expression studies, HBD-2 was one of the most abundant mRNAs induced in epidermis by LPS-treated MoDeC, and its induction was reversed by IL-1Ra. Thus, epidermal response to LPS is potently amplified by MoDeC through IL-1-mediated signaling, leading to a selective increase in the synthesis of the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2. This pattern of responses establishes a key role for both IL-1 and HBD-2 in the host defense reaction of the epidermis.
authors.affiliation: Will Rogers Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
authors.forename: Lide
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Alice A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ganz
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D023083:beta-Defensins