title: Subdural hygroma as a complication of endoscopic neurosurgery--two case reports.
abstract: Two cases of subdural hygroma occurred in a series of 77 neuroendoscopic procedures. An 8-year-old boy underwent neuroendoscopic cysto-cisternostomy of a left temporal arachnoid cyst. Routine postoperative magnetic resonance imaging 7 days later showed a large left-sided subdural hygroma without clinical symptoms. During the following 3 months, the subdural hygroma did not resolve spontaneously, so it was drained through a burr hole. A 3-month-old boy with aqueductal stenosis developed bilateral subdural hygromas after third ventriculostomy. Several punctures through the open anterior fontanelle relieved the hygromas but increasing head circumference required ventriculoperitoneal shunting 12 months later. Complications of neuroendoscopic procedures are increasingly reported, including various kinds of bleeding, infections, or damage of neuronal tissue. Only three previous cases of subdural hygroma or hematoma after neuroendoscopic interventions have been reported. The possible etiologies and clinical consequences of this rare complication have to be considered before selecting neuroendoscopy treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital-Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. dkfreude@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freudenstein
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ernemann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duffner
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013353:Subdural Effusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology