title: Possible maternal inheritance of a common obstructive urinary tract anomaly. Report of a case of a woman with multiple urinary tract infections and two sons with posterior urethral valves.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in boys. Several prior reports have described PUV in siblings and twins, often with a variable phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  PUVs were found in two brothers. The first child had developmental delay, while the second had a branchial cleft cyst and an anteriorly rotated right ear. The children's mother had a history of numerous urinary tract infections of unknown etiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though most cases of PUV appear to be sporadic, there are reports that suggest a partial genetic etiology, as our case suggests.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1080, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitri G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Trembath
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rijhsinghani
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D035781:Siblings; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology