title: Negative perceptions about self-control and identification with gender-role stereotypes related to binge eating, problem drinking, and to co-morbidity among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of both positive and negative styles of self-control, and gender-role stereotypes in binge eating and problem drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 428 adolescent boys and 555 girls from predominantly Anglo-Australian backgrounds who attended regional state schools in New South Wales, Australia. Students completed standardized questionnaires that assessed problem drinking, binge eating, self-control styles, and identification with gender-role stereotypes. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to examine differences among adolescents who reported problems in binge eating, drinking, and both domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents who reported eating and drinking problems also reported a high negative and a low positive sense of self-control coupled with self-identification with the traits that typically describe negative dimensions of gender-role stereotypes. Regardless of gender, problem drinking was mainly related to traits of negative masculinity (bossy, noisy aggressive, etc.) whereas binge eating was mainly related to negative femininity (shy, needs approval from others, etc.). Participants who reported eating and drinking symptoms recorded low scores on positive control, high scores on negative control, and also high scores on the negative dimensions of masculinity and femininity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A negative and passive style of self-control coupled with an identification with negative dimensions of gender summarizes the type of self-regulation that is implicated in both binge eating and problem drinking, and co-morbid symptoms. There is a need for interventions working toward a more balanced gender self-concept and a positive sense of self-control.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and Liberal Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lina A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002032:Bulimia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools; D012649:Self Concept; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires