title: Type I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate periaqueductal grey glycine release: interaction between mGlu2/3 and A1 adenosine receptors.
abstract: In this study we investigated the effects of type I and II mGlu receptors ligands in glycine extracellular concentrations at the periaqueductal gray (PAG) level by using in vivo microdialysis, in conscious rats. An agonist of type I mGlu receptors, (S)-3,5-DHPG (1 and 5 mM), but not a selective agonist for mGlu5 receptors, CHPG (3 and 5 mM), was noticed to increase the dialysate glycine levels in a concentration-dependent manner (60+/-15% and 136+/-13%, respectively). CPCCOEt (1mM), a selective mGlu1 receptor antagonist, perfused in combination with (S)-3,5-DHPG, counteracted the effect induced by (S)-3,5-DHPG, but did not change per se the extracellular PAG glycine values, even at the highest dosage used (2 mM). MPEP (1 and 2 mM), a selective antagonist of mGlu5 receptor, did not modify extracellular glycine level. An agonist of type II mGlu receptors, 2R,4R-APDC (25 and 50 microM), decreased the dialysate glycine in a concentration-dependent manner (-26+/-4% and -54+/-6%, respectively). The 2R,4R-APDC-induced decrease in extracellular glycine was prevented by EGlu (0.5 mM), a selective type II mGlu receptors antagonist. EGlu (0.5 and 1 mM), per se, led to a significant decrease (-56+/-7% and -57+/-2%, respectively) in extracellular PAG glycine too. This effect was prevented by DPCPX (100 microM), a selective antagonist for A1 adenosine receptors, but was not affected by CPA (1 mM), a selective A1 adenosine receptors agonist. Intra-PAG perfusion of CPA (0.1-1 mM) decreased the extracellular PAG glycine values (-47+/-13%) with 1 mM concentration. The CPA-induced effect was prevented by DPCPX (100 microM), and resulted to be additive with the 2R,4R-APDC-induced decrease in glycine values. DPCPX (1 mM) increased per se extracellular glycine (48+/-7%) at the highest dose used. Dipyridamole (100 microM), an inhibitor of both adenosine reuptake and phosphodiesterases, decreased extracellular glycine (-28+/-7%). Extracellular concentrations of glutamine never changed throughout this study. These data show opposing effects of type I and II mGlu receptors in the regulation of PAG glycine values. Moreover, functional interaction between type II mGlu and adenosine A1 receptors, which possibly operate through a common transductional pathway, may be relevant in the physiological control of glycine release in awake, freely moving rats at the periaqueductal gray matter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli, 16 80138, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Novellis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marabese
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uliano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scafuro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: sca Rossi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maione
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; C108822:metabotropic glutamate receptor 2; C102718:metabotropic glutamate receptor 3; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D005998:Glycine