title: Local treatment of Dacron patch graft contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus with antibiotic-releasing porous apatite ceramic: an experimental study in the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not infection of prosthetic vascular graft could be prevented with the placement of antibiotic-loaded porous apatite ceramic on the graft with bacterial contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teicoplanin as an antibiotic was loaded into a beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) block of porous apatite ceramic. The activity of teicoplanin released from teicoplanin-loaded TCP was examined for 40 days at 2-day intervals. In an in vivo study, the graft was patched in the abdominal aorta of a rabbit. Two different doses of Staphylococcus aureus were applied (n = 13). Teicoplanin-loaded TCP was placed around the graft infected with S aureus (n = 6). The graft, the tissue around it, and the arterial blood were collected and cultivated 4 weeks after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity of teicoplanin in the replaced saline solution was maintained for at least 40 days. Because graft infection was established in all rabbits with a dose of 2 x 10(7) colony forming units, this dose was used as the dose of S aureus in this study. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects died from the infection. When teicoplanin-loaded TCP was placed around the graft contaminated with S aureus, no rabbits died. Bacterial cultures of the graft and of tissues around it were negative in all rabbits killed 4 weeks after operation. This infection was prevented with teicoplanin-loaded TCP in all rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Teicoplanin-loaded TCP may be useful in avoiding Dacron graft infection with S aureus in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 500-8705, Japan. gekaol@town.shirotori.gifu.jp
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sago
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001031:Apatites; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002516:Ceramics; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010328:Patch Tests; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001031:Apatites; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D017334:Teicoplanin