title: The first isolation of Nocardia nova from an HIV-1 infected individual in Japan.
abstract: Nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised patients. We report a case of Nocardia nova infection complicating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in an HIV-1 infected individual. A 27-year-old man with hemophilia A was admitted on October 17, 2000, with fever and dyspnea. CD4 cell counts were 5/microl on admission. Prophylaxis against PCP was administered by inhalation of pentamidine isethionate because he was allergic to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP). He was diagnosed with PCP from chest X-ray and bronchoalveolar lavage. The sputum obtained for culture on admission was positive for Gram-positive branching rods; the organism was later identified as Nocardia nova. He died from respiratory failure on November 7, 2000. Although PCP might be a principal factor in respiratory failure, this case shows the need to consider pulmonary nocardiosis as a cause of respiratory illness in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease and Applied Immunology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koibuchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Fujihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minamoto
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oyaizu
authors.forename: Katsukiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yazawa
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Aikichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009615:Nocardia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination