title: Depleted uranium particles in selected Kosovo samples.
abstract: Selected soil samples, collected in Kosovo locations where DU ammunition was expended during the 1999 Balkan conflict, have been investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray fluorescence imaging using a micro-beam (micro-XRF) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence detector (SEM-EDXRF), with the objective to test the suitability of these techniques to identify the presence of small DU particles and measure their size distribution and the 235U/238U isotopic ratio (SIMS). Although the results do not permit any legitimate extrapolation to all the sites hit by the DU rounds used during the conflict, they indicated that there can be "spots ' where hundreds of thousands of particles may be present in a few milligrams of DU contaminated soil. The particle size distribution showed that most of the DU particles were <5 microm in diameter and more than 50% of the particles had a diameter <1.5 microm. Knowledge on DU particles is needed as a basis for the assessment of the potential environmental and health impacts of military use of DU, since it provides information on possible re-suspension and inhalation.
authors.affiliation: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), PCI, Seibersdorf Laboratories, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Danesi@iaea.org
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Danesi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markowicz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chinea-Cano
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salbu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruedenauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zahradnik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciurapinski
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011634:Public Health; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*; D014857:Warfare; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium