title: Retention and extractability of phenol, cresol, and dichlorophenol exposed to two surface soils in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme.
abstract: The retention of phenol, o-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and their peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization products was evaluated on two surface soils. The extractability of the parent solutes and their polymerization products was also investigated. (14)C-Labeled radioisotopes were used to quantify the contaminant retained on soil as water-extractable, methanol-extractable, humic/fulvic (HA/FA) acid-bound, and soil/humin bound. Between 2 and 20% of the solute retained on soil after a 7-day contact period remained bound to the HA/FA and soil/humin components in unamended soils; in the presence of peroxidase this amount was as high as 40-75%. The alkali-extractable HA/FA component contained the largest fraction of radioactivity in peroxidase-amended soils. Whereas the soil organic matter content was the predominant factor controlling the extent of sorption of the parent phenols, the clay content and particle surface area appeared to contribute to the retention of the polymerization products. High molecular weight oligomers produced during peroxidase-mediated polymerization of phenols associate strongly with soil components and are likely incorporated into the soil organic matter via oxidative coupling reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5000, USA.
authors.forename: Fangxiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003408:Cresols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002733:Chlorophenols; D003408:Cresols; D006812:Humic Substances; D011108:Polymers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; C001861:humin; D019800:Phenol; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol; C005023:fulvic acid; C034047:2-cresol