title: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and granulosa cell apoptosis in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-myc was studied in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 associated granulosa cell apoptosis,
  
  
  METHODS
  Granulosa cells (N = 5 cases) were incubated for 24 h in either 1 or 50 microM COX-2 inhibitor, 1 or 50 microM COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, negative or positive controls Single primer polymerase chain reaction of c-myc exon 1 were performed. Bisbenzimide-stained control single-stranded (ssDNA) were hybridized to SYBR Gold-stained ssDNA and fluorescent images analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-myc was disrupted by the high-dose COX-2 inhibitor. Cell viability decreased with COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. However, cell viability was similar for the positive control and at low-dose COX-2 inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 initiated apoptosis without disrupting c-myc suggesting a protective effect on c-myc. The low dosage of the COX-2 inhibitor did not disrupt c-myc and cell viability. C-myc sensitization was not part of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Caffrey
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Johannah U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Corselli
authors.forename: Ron E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Swensen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D016259:Genes, myc; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016877:Oxidants; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib