title: [Testicular microlithiasis: unusual ultrasound finding].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our work we evaluate the incidence of testicular microlithiasis (TM) on more than 500 scrotal echoes we performed in our hospital in a period of three years, from 1998 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound sonography (USS) was performed by a 5.5-7.5 double scanned Mhz probe (Ansaldo AU 560 degrees).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found only 2 cases of TM (0.4%); our percentage of such pathology is lower when compared to percentages we can find in literature. In only one case we performed a testicular biopsy, because the patient had teratospermia; we found intra tubular seminific calcification associated with haematoxilim positive bodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular microlithiasis has an echographic characteristic appearance, more than a clinical pathological issue. Referred literature shows how this pathology can be associated with criptorchidysm (20%) and can correlate (40%) with probability of clinical evolution in testicular malign neoplasms, mainly germinal ones. This pathology is characteristic in its showing multiple microcalcification, (not less than for testis), 1-3 mm in diameter and not always regularly distributed in testis parenchyma. Often associated with testicular microlithiasis is dyspermia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients in which microlithiasis of the testis is diagnosed, USS and bio-humoral follow-up is of major importance. Literature shows how high can be the risk that this pathology can evolve to germinal tumor. It must be recommended regular evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein, beta chronic gonadotropin. USS must be performed almost once a year. Biopsy is rarely suggested, and only in case of teratospermia. At the moment no therapy is referred.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Urologia A.S.L. 14, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Ospedale San Biagio Domodossola. dr.silvani@libero.it
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvani
authors.forename: Pia Carla
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bossola
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minocci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002137:Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography