title: The effect of smoking on achieving osseointegration of surface-modified implants: a clinical report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the effect of smoking on achieving initial osseointegration when surface-modified dental implants were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  During an 18-month period in a private practice setting 1,183 implants were placed in 461 patients. The group of smokers consisted of patients who smoked a half pack or more of cigarettes per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate for smokers and non-smokers in achieving osseointegration was 98.1%. Ninety-seven percent of the implants placed in smokers osseointegrated successfully, and 98.4% of implants placed in non-smokers osseointegrated successfully (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surface of an implant may be a critical determinant for achieving osseointegration in patients who smoke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears from this short-term retrospective study that smoking does not play a significant role in achieving the osseointegration of surface-modified dental implants.
authors.affiliation: implants@bellatlantic.net
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jaffin
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berman
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D013499:Surface Properties; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants