title: Production of tissue factor by pancreatic islet cells as a trigger of detrimental thrombotic reactions in clinical islet transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraportal transplantation of pancreatic islets offers improved glycaemic control and insulin independence in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but intraportal thrombosis remains a possible complication. The thrombotic reaction may explain why graft loss occurs and islets from more than one donor are needed, since contact between human islets and ABO-compatible blood in vitro triggers a thrombotic reaction that damages the islets. We investigated the possible mechanism and treatment of such thrombotic reactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coagulation activation and islet damage were monitored in four patients undergoing clinical islet transplantation according to a modified Edmonton protocol. Expression of tissue factor (TF) in the islet preparations was investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, electron microscopy, and RT-PCR. To assess TF activity in purified islets, human islets were mixed with non-anticoagulated ABO-compatible blood in tubing loops coated with heparin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coagulation activation and subsequent release of insulin were found consistently after clinical islet transplantation, even in the absence of signs of intraportal thrombosis. The endocrine, but not the exocrine, cells of the pancreas were found to synthesise and secrete active TF. The clotting reaction triggered by pancreatic islets in vitro could be abrogated by blocking the active site of TF with specific antibodies or site-inactivated factor VIIa, a candidate drug for inhibition of TF activity in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blockade of TF represents a new therapeutic approach that might increase the success of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes, in terms of both the risk of intraportal thrombosis and the need for islets from more than one donor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukinius
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berne
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Källen
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Østraat
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salmela
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tibell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tufveson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elgue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson Ekdahl
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Korsgren
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011233:Precipitin Tests / Q000379:methods; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D013925:Thromboplastin