title: Determination of estrogenic activity in landfill leachate by simplified yeast two-hybrid assay.
abstract: We previously developed a simplified yeast two-hybrid assay of estrogenic activity. In the present study, the optimal conditions for sensitivity and stability of this assay were decided. The assay could determine the estrogenic activity of 4 x 10(-11) mol dm(-1) 17beta-estradiol and also anti-estrogenic activity by using 4-hydroxytamoxifen as a control. The assay was used to test various chemicals suspected of estrogenicity. Many kinds of chemical, including alkylphenols, naphthols, xylenols, methoxychlor, phthalates, and bisphenol-A, showed estrogenic activity, and several, such as 2,5-xylenol and di-iso-octyl phthalate, showed anti-estrogenic but no estrogenic activity. Copresence of two estrogenic chemicals produced additive activity. The assay was also used to test leachate and water samples from the sea-based landfill of Osaka North Port in Japan. Estrogenic activity was detected in leachate from a municipal waste-dumping site, but not in that from a dredged soil-dumping site, which did however cause inhibition of cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tohjo-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan. qzt00564@nifty.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawagoshi
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002455:Cell Division; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D013629:Tamoxifen; C016601:afimoxifene; D004958:Estradiol