title: The A9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene is associated with delirium tremens and alcohol-withdrawal seizure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and could thus be involved in the variability of two severe alcohol-withdrawal symptoms, alcohol-withdrawal seizure (AWS) and delirium tremens (DT). Interestingly, an association was found between the DAT gene (9-copy repeat) and the risk for these symptoms in two previous case-control studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reanalyzed the role of the DAT gene in the lifetime risk for AWS and DT in 120 alcohol-dependent patients, taking into account potentially confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol-dependent patients with the A(9) allele had experienced AWS or DT at least once (odds ratio [OR] = 2.52, p =.03). This association persisted when excluding patients with antisocial personality comorbidity (OR = 3.48, p =.02) or limiting the analysis to older patients (OR = 8.3, p =.0008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides convergent data in favor of a significant role of the DAT gene in the risk for some severe withdrawal symptoms. If further replicated in larger samples, the DAT genetic polymorphism could be one of the factors to be analyzed to further assess the risk of some severe alcohol-withdrawal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris [AP-HP], Colombes, France.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gorwood
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Limosin
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Batel
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamon
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adès
authors.forename: Claudette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000430:Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; C075574:A9 protein, Arabidopsis; D000431:Ethanol