title: Tributyltin causes masculinization in fish.
abstract: We examined the effect of tributyltin (TBT) on the sex differentiation process in genetically female Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The fish were fed an artificial diet containing tributyltin oxide (TBTO) at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 microg/g diet from 35 to 100 d after hatching, which includes the sex differentiation period. The ratio of sex-reversed males significantly increased to 25.7% of the flounder fed the 0.1 microg/g diet and to 31.1% of those fed the 1.0 microg/g diet compared with the control (2.2%). From morphological and histological examination of the fish in the TBT-treated groups, normal females had typical ovaries and sex-reversed males had typical testes. These results clearly demonstrated the masculinization of flounder exposed to TBTO. This is the first report of TBT inducing sex reversal in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005432:Flounder; D008297:Male; D012733:Sex Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014873:Water Pollutants; C011559:tributyltin