title: Vaginal cuff recurrence of endometrial cancer treated by laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has been suggested as an alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) for the treatment of early endometrial cancer. Although studies have reported good results with equivalent rates of recurrence and survival, the need for use of intrauterine manipulators during the LAVH raises the concern for operative dissemination of tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report three patients with stage I, noninvasive or superficially invasive endometrial cancer with vaginal cuff recurrence within 9 months of treatment by LAVH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While LAVH may be a technically acceptable alternative to TAH for the management of early-stage endometrial cancer, its routine use should be undertaken with caution, as the long-term risks for recurrence and survival have yet to be defined in a randomized, controlled fashion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. cchu@mail.obgyn.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bandera
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology