title: Are cholesterol-lowering medications and antihypertensive agents preventing stroke in ways other than by controlling the risk factor?
abstract: Statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are an important component of our armamentarium for stroke prevention. Both of these classes of agents have a primary mechanism of action of reducing the level of the respective risk factor. They also have mechanisms of action that may confer benefits beyond what is believed to be the primary action of the agent. This has led to speculation that statins reduce stroke risk by means beyond cholesterol lowering, and ACE inhibitors reduce stroke risk by means beyond blood pressure lowering. We review the mounting evidence that suggests that statins and ACE inhibitors have so-called pleiotropic effects that may lead to stroke prevention.
authors.affiliation: Center for Stroke Research and Section of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurological Critical Care, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, 1645 West Jackson, Suite 400, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. sruland@rush.edu
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruland
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Gorelick
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors