title: Seasonal variations in nickel and vanadium in Mont Blanc snow and ice dated from the 1960s and 1990s.
abstract: Ni and V have been determined in snow and ice collected at a high altitude location (Col du Dôme) near the summit of Mont Blanc on the French-Italian border; dated from the 1960s and 1990s. Ni and V were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations range from 6 to 700 pg g(-1) and 4 to 1,100 pg g(-1) for Ni and V, respectively. The results show pronounced seasonal variations in the concentrations of both metals, with high concentration values in summer layers and much lower values for winter layers. These seasonal variations are linked especially with the existence of inversion layers during winter months. Ni and V concentrations in excess of the contributions from rock and soil dust (Ni(excess), V(excess)) appear to be mainly associated with anthropogenic inputs, with pronounced seasonal variations. Large variations in the V(excess)/Ni(excess) ratio are observed, with a higher ratio in summer than in winter. This shows differences in anthropogenic inputs at Col du Dôme during the different parts of the year. The above ratio was compared with the corresponding ratios for oil combustion from stationary sources and the exhaust from gasoline and diesel engines. It appears that Ni and V concentrations at Col du Dôme are probably the result of changing combinations of contributions from oil combustion for power generation, industrial and residential uses, on one side, and automobile and truck traffic, on the other side, with possibly a significant contribution from Ni smelters in Russia during winter months.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Universita Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venezia, Italia. barbante@unive.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbante
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boutron
authors.forename: Ann-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van de Velde
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turetta
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cescon
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012914:Snow; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014639:Vanadium; D009532:Nickel