title: A randomized trial of oral and vaginal misoprostol to manage delivery in cases of fetal death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and side effects of oral and vaginal misoprostol for the termination of second and third trimester pregnancy with intrauterine fetal death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty pregnant women at 16-41 weeks' gestation with intrauterine fetal death were randomized in two groups to receive either 400 micro g of misoprostol orally every 4 hours (n = 40) or 200 micro g of misoprostol vaginally every 12 hours (n = 40) until the termination of pregnancy was completed. The adverse effects, progress, and outcomes of delivery were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar in age, weight, height, gestational age, parity, and modified Bishop scores before intervention. The mean induction-to-delivery time in the oral group (13.95 [standard deviation (SD) = 5.63] hours) was significantly shorter than the time in the vaginal group (18.87 [SD = 10.38] hours, P =.001). The number of deliveries within 24 hours after the initial drug administration in the oral group (92.5%) was significantly higher than the number in the vaginal group (67.5%, P <.001), and all delivered within 48 hours after the initial drug administration. However, the gastrointestinal side effects in the oral group was significantly higher than in the vaginal group (P =.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misoprostol (400 micro g given orally every 4 hours) was more effective than misoprostol (200 micro g given vaginally every 12 hours) for the termination of second and third trimester pregnancy with intrauterine fetal death, but with more gastrointestinal side effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. racco@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Apichart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chittacharoen
authors.forename: Yongyoth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Herabutya
authors.forename: Piyaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Punyavachira
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D016595:Misoprostol