title: Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary somatotrope proliferation.
abstract: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic hormone that is essential for normal expansion of the somatotrope lineage during pituitary development. Decreased GHRH secretion and/or action leads to impairment of this process and somatotrope hypoplasia in both humans and experimental animals. Excessive GHRH secretion and/or action result in dysregulated somatotrope proliferation, leading to hyperplasia and neoplastic transformation. Our understanding of the molecular and morphologic bases for these effects from both animal and clinical studies has greatly increased during the past decade. However, many features of the cellular pathways remain to be defined, including the interaction of other genes in the multistep process of somatotrope tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. frohman@uic.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kineman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002455:Cell Division; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000503:physiopathology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018017:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018017:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; C048250:somatotropin releasing hormone receptor