title: Mammalian target of rapamycin and protein kinase A signaling mediate the cardiac transcriptional response to glutamine.
abstract: The addition of glutamine as a major nutrient to cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes produced an increase in myocyte size and the organization of actin into myofibrillar arrays. The cellular response was associated with increased abundance of the mRNAs encoding the contractile proteins, alpha-myosin heavy chain and cardiac alpha-actin, and the metabolic enzymes, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and muscle adenylosuccinate synthetase (ADSS1). Adss1 gene expression was induced approximately 5-fold in glutamine-treated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes. The induction was mediated through the protein kinase A and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways and required a cyclic AMP response element associated with the promoter region of the Adss1 gene. These results highlight glutamine as a major nutrient regulator of cardiac gene expression and identify protein kinase A and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways as mediators of the cardiomyocyte transcriptional response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Yang.Xia@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Hong Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taegtmeyer
authors.forename: Rodney E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kellems
mesh_terms: D000265:Adenylosuccinate Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005973:Glutamine; D000804:Angiotensin II; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; D000265:Adenylosuccinate Synthase