title: Bipendulum and quad pendulum for non-compliance molar distalization in adult patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pendulum appliances are often used for compliance-independent molar distalization in the upper arch. However, the treatment of adult patients entails specific modifications to the pendulum appliance. Since both first and second molars have to be distalized in adult patients with a sagittal maxillary arch length discrepancy, it is appropriate to distalize the molars consecutively.
  The two case reports presented below show the clinical procedure using the bipendulum as well as the quad pendulum for unilateral and bilateral distalization of the second followed by the first molars. The treatment is compliance-independent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Aachen, Germany. gero.kinzinger@gmx.de
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kinzinger
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000328:Adult; D003187:Compliance; D003724:Dental Arch; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*