title: Pharmacy prescription dispensing errors reported to a regional poison control center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the incidence, types, associations, and outcomes of pharmacy prescription dispensing errors reported to a regional poison control center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review over a 35-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 77,992 drug exposures reported, there were 6450 unintentional therapeutic exposures. Forty were the result of pharmacy prescription dispensing errors. Of these, 20 (50%) were medication substitution errors (wrong drug), 17 (42.5%) were labeling errors (correct drug, wrong formulation or instructions), and 3 (7.5%) were compounding errors (incorrect liquid dilution or capsule preparation). Both compounding and labeling errors were significantly more likely than substitution errors to be order-of-magnitude amounts. Compounding errors were also significantly more likely than labeling errors to be order-of-magnitude amounts. Labeling errors were significantly more likely to be liquids prescribed to children than substitution errors. Compounding errors had significantly more serious outcomes compared with substitution or labeling errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substitution and labeling errors are the most common pharmacy prescription dispensing errors reported to a regional poison control center. Compounding errors have the greatest potential for serious outcomes. Children are particularly at risk because of the increased potential for error in the preparation and use of liquids. Inclusion of scenarios of prescription dispensing errors in the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System database would improve error detection and tracking. Poison control centers may be a source of valuable feedback to physicians and pharmacists.
authors.affiliation: The Poison Center at Children's Hospital, 8200 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68114, USA. sseifert@chsomaha.org
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobitz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004348:Drug Labeling; D062787:Drug Overdose; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015146:Midwestern United States; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome