title: Effects of moderate hypothermia on proinflammatory cytokine production in a rat model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proinflammatory cytokines act as mediators of the local and systemic manifestations of acute pancreatitis (AP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether moderate hypothermia (MH) (32 degrees C) can reduce the severity of AP by inhibiting cytokine production in a rat model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into three groups: control rats (Group I), AP rats treated with normothermia (38 degrees C) (Group II), and AP rats treated with MH (Group III). AP was induced by intramuscular injection of caerulein and intraperitoneal infusion of lipopolysaccharide. MH was induced 4 hours after the first caerulein injection. Serum interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, amylase, and lipase levels were determined 8 hours after the first injection. The pancreas and lung were examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MH in comparison with normothermia significantly reduced serum levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, amylase, and lipase. Histologically, the MH group showed less vacuolization of the acinar cells and cellular infiltration into the interacinar areas of the pancreas than were shown in the normothermia group, but these effects were not evident in the lung.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that MH may be clinically applicable for reducing the severity of AP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tangoku
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002108:Ceruletide; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002108:Ceruletide; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases