title: Experimental determination of beam quality conversion factors k(Q) in clinical photon beams using ferrous sulphate (Fricke) dosimetry.
abstract: The implementation of protocols based on absorbed dose to water standards requires beam quality conversion factors, k(Q). Calculated values of k(Q) are available for ionization chambers used for reference dosimetry. Ideally, k(Q) should be experimentally determined at the same beam qualities as that of the user. In this work we measure k(Q) factors in clinical photon beams and compare them with calculated and measured values. Beam quality conversion factors are determined for clinical photon beams of nominal energies 4 MV, 6 MV, 15 MV, and 25 MV, for commonly used cylindrical ionization chambers. Twelve chambers of eight different types are used. For three of them, no experimental data have previously been available. The experimental procedure is based on measurements with ionization chambers and Fricke dosimetry in the reference beam (60Co gamma radiation) and in clinical linear accelerator beams. The k(Q) values determined in this work generally agree within 0.5% with previously reported experimental values both when %dd(10)x and TPR2010 are used for beam quality specification. The agreement with calculated data is generally within 0.5%, except for the 15 MV beam. For this beam the measured values are usually between 0.5% and 1% lower than the data taken from the TG-51 protocol or the TRS-398 code of practice. For three NE2571 chambers and three NE2581 chambers, the maximum observed deviation of individual k(Q) values is 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. palma@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mattsson
mesh_terms: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D010315:Particle Accelerators / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D007501:Iron