title: Advances in the staging of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma is increasingly being diagnosed at an earlier stage owing to medical advances. Since the pathologic stage is the most crucial predictor of patient outcome, an accurate and universal tumor staging system is of utmost importance. The TNM staging system, after multiple revisions, has evolved into a more precise system that correlates with cancer specific survival. Renal cell carcinoma staging systems have important clinical implications pertaining to nephron sparing surgery and the need for adrenalectomy or lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicinel Montefiore Medical Center, 3400 Bainbridge Ave, 5th Floor, Bronx, New York, NY 10467, USA. aleung@alumni.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghavamian
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009399:Nephrons / Q000473:pathology