title: Management patterns and health care use after intracerebral hemorrhage. a cost-of-illness study from a societal perspective in Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The German cost-of-illness study of stroke is a multicenter study in 6 departments of internal medicine, 9 departments of general neurology and 15 departments of neurology with an acute stroke unit. The aims of this study are to describe the management patterns, cost of treatment and overall resource utilization after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as well as the major differences to ischemic stroke (IS).
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 12-month period, 30 participating centers with a special interest in stroke prospectively included 586 patients with ICH which were collected in a joint data bank. About 75% of all patients could be centrally followed up via structured telephone interviews after 3 and 12 months to assess further acute hospital and rehabilitation stays, outpatient resource utilization, functional outcome and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality after 3 months (33.5%) was markedly higher than in patients with IS from the same hospitals. Accordingly, only 30.9% of patients had regained independent functional status after 3 months. Cumulative cost of treatment amounted to 5301 EUR for inpatient stay in the documenting hospital and 8920 EUR for the overall hospital stay including rehabilitation. Mean direct cost after discharge during the first year amounted to 4598 EUR and the loss of work force was equivalent to 5537 EUR in all surviving patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a comprehensive overview of patient characteristics, treatment strategies and health care cost of ICH from a societal perspective in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Germany. stroke.med@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Roman Ludwig
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Haberl
authors.forename: Karl W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
authors.forename: Hans Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics; D005791:Patient Care / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors