title: Nontraumatic exercise-related deaths in the U.S. military, 1996-1999.
abstract: We identified 215 exercise-related deaths in U.S. military personnel on active duty during 1996-1999. The most complete case information was for active duty Army personnel during 1998-1999, providing an exercise-related death rate of 4.3 per 100,000 person-years (41/963,000) and accounting for 6% of Army deaths (14 during physical fitness testing). The cause of death was confirmed by autopsy or clinical data for 85% of the cases. Arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease was the predominant cause of death for those 30 to 58 years of age. For age 17 to 34 years, 50% of deaths were attributable to preexisting heart disease (16% from coronary anomalies), 20% attributable to nontraumatic drowning, and 12% attributable to exertional heat illness, also a potential contributory factor in cardiac deaths. Most exercise-related deaths were related to running (60%), sports (14%), and swimming (13%). Improvements in health promotion, medical management, and stricter exclusion from inappropriate exercise (especially fitness test runs) could reduce these deaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009326:Naval Medicine; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology