title: Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 as biomarker of prostate cancer progression in Dunning (Copenhagen) rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells. The objective of this study was to assess MMPs in plasma of Dunning tumor rats as indicators of the progression of prostate cancer and follow-up parameters after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate cancer was induced in male Copenhagen rats by either subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation of R3327-MatLyLu cells. During the development of the tumor, plasma MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured by gelatin-substrate zymography and Western blot technique with densitometry in untreated animals, rats treated with laser-induced hyperthermia, or with the new synthetic MMP inhibitor RO 28-2653.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal prostatic tissue of the Copenhagen rats predominantly expressed proMMP-2 but not proMMP-9 whereas MMP-9 was only found in cancerous tissue. Elevated plasma MMP-9 values were demonstrated in rats with subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. Animals with tumors and treated with the MMP inhibitor RO 28-2653 had both a lower tumor volume and a lower plasma MMP-9 concentration compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determination of plasma MMP-9 in Dunning tumor rats is a useful tool to monitor the progression of prostate cancer and to assess the efficacy of drugs like MMP inhibitors or other treatment protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. klaus.jung@charite.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hans-Willi
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Krell
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ortel
authors.forename: Tayyaba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schnorr
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; C453902:Ro 28-2653; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9