title: Effects of various storage conditions and alterations of antioxidant contents on chromatic aberration of hydroquinone ointment.
abstract: Ointments of the skin depigmentation agent hydroquinone (HQ) have been prepared by extemporaneous nonsterile compounding in our hospital. The HQ ointments were highly effective in the treatment of various types of skin pigmentations; however, various problems have emerged including chromatic aberration of the ointments, a relatively large variability of efficacy, and mild side effects. Chromatic aberration is expected to induce non-compliance, and this may be the reason for the relatively large variability in efficacy. In this paper, the effects of various storage conditions on the chromatic aberration and HQ content of HQ ointments were evaluated, and it was suggested that the chromatic aberration was accelerated by exposure to high temperature, air and light, although these had no effect on the HQ content. In addition, various types of HQ ointments were prepared to find a formulation to minimize chromatic aberration, and it was found that the concentrations of antioxidants, Na(2)SO(3) and L(+)-ascorbic acid (AsA), seemed to be too high, and that the protective effect of AsA on chromatic aberration was mainly due to its acidifying effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaeda
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakumoto
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Funasaka
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nordlund
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage / Q000379:methods; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009824:Ointments
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006873:Hydroquinones; D009824:Ointments; C031927:hydroquinone