title: Detection of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in skin of patients with fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if abnormal collagen metabolism is correlated with neurogenic inflammation, a potential activator of collagen metabolism, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a was investigated in skin tissues by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Fifty-three skin biopsies from female patients with FM (30-65 years of age) were examined and compared to skin biopsies of 10 age and sex matched healthy controls. Biopsies were obtained from the left deltoid region. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and tissues were used as positive controls for the expression of cytokines. Total RNA isolated from the tissue samples were reverse transcribed (RT) by random hexamers as the primer for RT followed by PCR amplification using specific primers for IL-1beta, IL-6 or TNF-a. Expression of IL-1beta, and TNF-a protein was investigated in the skin by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies (avidin-biotin method).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive signals (RT-PCR) were detected in skin tissues of 19/50 (38%) FM patients for IL-1beta, in 14/51 FM patients (27%) for IL-6, and in 17/53 patients (32%) for TNF-a. None of the cytokines could be detected in healthy control skin. Immunoreactivity for IL-1beta and TNF-a was demonstrated in certain skin tissues of our FM patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of cytokines in FM skin indicates the presence of inflammatory foci (neurogenic inflammation) in the skin of certain patients (about 30% of FM patients), suggesting an inflammatory component in the induction of pain. This may explain the response to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory therapy in a subset of FM patients.
authors.affiliation: Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology and Institute of Physical Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Souzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rethage
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wollina
authors.forename: Beat A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Renate E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Haiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha