title: A new monitoring method using solid sorbent media for evaluation of airborne cyclophosphamide and other antineoplastic agents.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide is a known human carcinogen. In July 1999, in a report at a conference on cytotoxic drugs in Sweden, it was indicated that cyclophosphamide (CP) was not effectively controlled by high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters.((1)) This then raised a concern that the existing air monitoring methods, which utilize polytetrafluoroethylene (a.k.a. PTFE, or Teflon) or glass fiber filters for evaluation of antineoplastics such as CP in air may also be ineffective for collection and quantification of such agents. It was decided that further evaluation of the existing filter method for monitoring antineoplastics in air be conducted. This evaluation determined that the filter method of monitoring was minimally effective for some antineoplastic agents, and that an alternate method of monitoring should be sought. The method subsequently developed utilizes a solid sorbent tube, Anasorb 708, a methacrylic acid polymer. Evaluation of this sorbent tube for adsorption and desorption properties found it had a greater than 90 percent recovery for both CP and ifosfamide. Other agents evaluated included 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel. All three agents were able to be detected and measured by use of Anasorb 708 solid sorbent tube. Validation of the method was then conducted with air pulled through the tubes via attachment to an air manifold system at air flows ranging from 1.5 to approximately 4.0 liters per minute for up to 24 hours. This evaluation did validate the Anasorb 708 tube as an effective media for collection of airborne concentrations of CP from less than 1 microgram up to approximately 2 mg (2000 microgram) per tube. This corresponds to a concentration range of approximately 0.7 microgram/m(3) (0.0007 mg/m(3)) to 0.7 mg/m(3) in a 5.76 m(3) volume of air. This method can provide accurate information on airborne concentrations of CP for purposes of conducting risk assessments or evaluation of risk management methods.
authors.affiliation: The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khazaeli
authors.forename: H Kenneth
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002273:Carcinogens; D003520:Cyclophosphamide