title: Impaired response to insulin associated with protein kinase C in chronic fructose-induced hypertension.
abstract: A fructose-enriched diet induces an increase in blood pressure associated with metabolic alterations in rats. Our hypothesis was that an increase in protein kinase C (PKC) activation, reported in the acute period of fructose overload, and an impaired vessel's response to vasoactive substances contribute to maintain elevated blood pressure levels in the chronic period. The aims of this study were to investigate in this animal model of hypertension: (1) if the increase in PKC activation was also found in the chronic stage; (2) the involvement of nitric oxide and insulin in the vessel's response; and plasma atrial natriuretic factor and nitrites/nitrates (nitric oxide metabolites) behavior. We evaluated the effects of: PKC-stimulator 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate, phenylephrine, insulin, nitric oxide synthase-inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME) and PKC-inhibitor Calphostin C on aortic rings responses of Sprague-Dawley rats: fructose-fed and control. The fructose-fed group showed higher contractility to 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate than the control group in aortic rings pre-incubated with insulin, and this difference disappeared with L-NAME. The response to phenylephrine in rings pre-incubated with Calphostin C was decreased in the fructose-fed group and increased with Calphostin C plus L-NAME. Fructose-fed rats showed higher levels of plasma atrial natriuretic factor and nitrites/nitrates than controls. In conclusion, chronic fructose feeding seems to develop an impaired response to insulin, dependent on nitric oxide, suggesting a PKC alteration. Vasorelaxant agents, such as atrial natriuretic factor and nitric oxide, would behave as compensatory mechanisms in response to high blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Hipertensión Arterial, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavallero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rosón
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de la Riva
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Puyó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005632:Fructose; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009281:Naphthalenes; D005632:Fructose; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C058819:calphostin C; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester