title: Glycine receptors mediate part of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics.
abstract: Many inhaled anesthetics potentiate the effect of glycine on inhibitory strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors in vitro, supporting the view that this receptor could mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics during noxious stimulation (i.e., would underlie minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]). There are quantitative differences between anesthetics in their capacity to potentiate glycine's effect in receptor expression systems: halothane (most potentiation), isoflurane (intermediate), and cyclopropane (minimal). If glycine receptors mediate MAC, then their blockade in the spinal cord should increase the MAC of halothane more than that of isoflurane and isoflurane MAC more than cyclopropane MAC; the increases in MAC should be proportional to the receptor potentiation produced in vitro. Rats with chronically implanted intrathecal catheters were anesthetized with halothane, isoflurane, or cyclopropane. During intrathecal infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, MAC was determined. Then MAC was re-determined during an infusion of 3, 12, 24, or 48 (isoflurane only) micro g/min of strychnine (strychnine blocks glycine receptors) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Strychnine infusion increased MAC in proportion to the enhancement of glycine receptors found in vitro. The maximum effect was with an infusion of 12 micro g/min. For the combined results at 12 and 24 micro g/min of strychnine, the increase in MAC correlated with the extent of in vitro potentiation (r(2) = 0.82). These results support the hypothesis that glycine receptors mediate part of the immobilization produced by inhaled anesthetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, halothane potentiates glycine's effect on strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors more than isoflurane and isoflurane more than cyclopropane. The present in vivo work indicates that antagonism of the glycine receptor with strychnine increases minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration for halothane more than isoflurane and isoflurane more than cyclopropane. Such results support the notion that glycine receptors may mediate part of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Laster
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: R Adron
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Edmond I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: Caroline R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Stabernack
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sonner
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000187:drug effects*; D013331:Strychnine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D018684:Glycine Agents; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; C030797:cyclopropane; D007530:Isoflurane; D013331:Strychnine; D006221:Halothane