title: Patient acceptance of educational voice messages: a review of controlled clinical studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate controlled evidence on the impact of automated computer-based telephone messaging technology upon health outcomes, cost savings and acceptance by patients, caregivers and care providers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic searches of electronic databases were conducted to find controlled clinical studies of automated phone messaging used in patient care. Studies were selected based on the three criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials or controlled trials; 2) patients receiving health care related education, information, advice or reminder for a specific action to be taken in their home setting; and 3) use of automated computer-based phone technology to deliver the messages. Information abstracted from studies included information about the institution, persons targeted, intervention and its effect on health outcomes, costs and acceptance by patients and caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of nineteen studies were identified for review. Sixteen studies were randomized controlled trials and three were controlled studies with no randomization. Studies were placed in two categories, preventive care education and chronic care studies. Preventive care education studies covered childhood immunizations, medication compliance, influenza vaccinations, tuberculosis and health prevention activities and chronic care studies were related to cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and congestive heart failure. More than 80% of studies showed significant impact upon measurable health outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Controlled evidence substantiates the efficacy of automated telephone communication in improving the quality of care. Educational voice messages are acceptable in patients and represent an important opportunity to enhance telemedicine and telehealth applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Care Quality, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. KrishnaS@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Balas
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boren
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maglaveras
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017010:Reminder Systems; D013685:Telecommunications; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014831:Voice