title: Hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in stroke patients and to evaluate the impact of hemorrhagic transformation on rehabilitation outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 203 hemiplegic patients hospitalized for rehabilitation after the acute phase of stroke were retrospectively analyzed. In 121 cases, the first computed tomographic scan and a repeat scan were compared to determine whether hemorrhagic transformation occurred. Correlations between the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation and use of anticoagulants, antiaggregants, and antiedema drugs were evaluated. Admission and discharge FIM trade mark and Adapted Patient Evaluation Conference System scores were noted, and functional gain was calculated from these. These data were also analyzed for associations with hemorrhagic transformation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemorrhagic transformation was detected in 39 of the 121 cases. There was no significant difference in functional outcome between patients who did and did not show hemorrhagic transformation. Although not statistically significant, the use of antiedema drugs was found to increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, whereas the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants had no influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic lesion does not affect rehabilitation outcome in stroke survivors. The study results favor the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in the acute phase unless these drugs are contraindicated by the patient's condition. Still, prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayramoğlu
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leblebici
authors.forename: Nuri
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Seyhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sözay
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turhan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors