title: Olanzapine in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder with a history of rapid cycling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial proportion of patients with bipolar disorder are characterized by a rapidly cycling course and are particularly resistant to conventional treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This secondary analysis, defined a priori, was conducted on a larger data set from patients with bipolar I disorder to determine the efficacy of a 3-week treatment with the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (5-20 mg/day, n=19) versus placebo (n=26) in patients with >or=4 episodes in the preceding year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly fewer placebo patients completed treatment (34.6 vs. 73.7%, P=0.016), and more than half discontinued due to lack of efficacy (53.8 vs. 21.1%, P=0.035). Olanzapine reduced Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total scores significantly more than placebo (-13.9 vs. -4.1, P=0.011). Clinical responses, defined as >or=50% improvement in YMRS, were achieved in 58% of olanzapine patients, compared with 28% of placebo patients (P=0.066). Extrapyramidal symptoms were not significantly changed in either group. Somnolence was the most common adverse event in both groups (olanzapine: 52.6%, placebo: 23.1%; P=0.060). No event occurred significantly more frequently with olanzapine than with placebo. No patients discontinued due to an adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The duration of this study was limited to 3 weeks, precluding conclusions about long-term efficacy of olanzapine. Moreover, a sizeable placebo effect was obtained, possibly masking optimal therapeutic effect. Despite these limitations, treatment differences in efficacy were highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that olanzapine was effective in reducing symptoms of mania and well tolerated in patients with bipolar I disorder with a rapid-cycling course.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sanger
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010507:Periodicity; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D010890:Pirenzepine; D000077152:Olanzapine