title: Spatial analysis of Yersinia pestis and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii seroprevalence in California coyotes (Canis latrans).
abstract: Zoonotic transmission of sylvatic plague caused by Yersinia pestis occurs in California, USA. Human infections with various Bartonella species have been reported recently. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are ubiquitous throughout California and can become infected with both bacterial agents, making the species useful for surveillance purposes. This study examined the geographic distribution of 863 coyotes tested for Y. pestis and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii serologic status to gain insight into the natural history of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and to characterize the spatial distribution of the two agents. We found 11.7% of specimens positive to Y. pestis and 35.5% positive to B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. The two pathogens had distinct spatial clusters: Y. pestis was more prevalent in eastern portions of the state and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in coastal regions. Prevalence of Y. pestis increased with increasing elevation, whereas prevalence of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii decreased with increasing elevation. There were differences in the proportions of positive animals on a yearly basis to both pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis 95616, USA. brhoar@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hoar
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Chomel
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001473:Bartonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001474:Bartonella Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002335:Carnivora / Q000382:microbiology*; D005843:Geography; D010930:Plague / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000302:isolation & purification*