title: Trends in opioid use for chronic neuropathic pain: a survey of patients pursuing enrollment in clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical trials suggest that opioids relieve neuropathic pain and decrease pain-related disability. We conducted a pilot study of current prescribing trends and patients' attitudes towards opioids for neuropathic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient questionnaire was completed by individuals pursuing enrollment in neuropathic pain clinical trials at our facility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 154 patients with diabetic neuropathy (55.2%), postherpetic neuralgia (29.9%), idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (9.7%) and other neuropathies (5.2%), 73.4% complained of inadequate pain control, the mean pain duration was 4.7 (SD = 4.4) yr and the mean pain intensity (0-10) was 7.7 (SD = 2.3). In this group, 40.9% had never tried opioids and 24.7% had never tried any opioids, tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants. Only 9.7% were receiving long-acting opioids or "around the clock" dosing whereas 25.3% were receiving opioids on an "as needed" basis. Opioids combined with tricyclic antidepressants and/or anticonvulsants were used in 11.0%. Fear of addiction and adverse effects were expressed by 31.8% and 46.8% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that barriers to opioid therapy for neuropathic pain include patients', and possibly physicians', fears of addiction and adverse effects, which are exaggerated in light of current evidence. The merits of continuous treatment with sustained-release opioids, "as needed" dosing with short-acting preparations, or combining opioids with other agents are discussed. Continued research and communication between health professionals, law enforcement officials and legislators is vital in order to facilitate appropriate opioid use which has a minimal negative impact on the public yet optimally benefits individuals who suffer from disabling neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada. gilroni@post.queensu.ca
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilron
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid