title: Decomposing the problem-size effect: a comparison of response time distributions across cultures.
abstract: Is the locus of the problem-size effect in mental arithmetic different across cultures? In a novel approach to this question, the ex-Gaussian distributional model was applied to response times for large (e.g., 8 x 9) and small (e.g., 2 x 3) problems obtained from Chinese and Canadian graduate students in a multiplication production task (LeFevre & Liu, 1997). The problem-size effect for the Chinese group occurred in mu (the mean of the normal component), whereas the problem-size effect for the Canadian group occurred in both mu and tau (the mean of the exponential component). The results support the position that the problem-size effect for the Chinese group is purely a memory-retrieval effect, whereas for the Canadian group, it is an effect of both retrieval and the use of nonretrieval solution procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. mpwilger@chat.carleton.ca
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penner-Wilger
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leth-Steensen
authors.forename: Jo-Anne
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: LeFevre
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D011930:Reaction Time