title: Automatic assessment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in daily life by neural networks.
abstract: We developed an objective and automatic procedure to assess the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson's disease during daily life activities. Thirteen patients were continuously monitored in a home-like situation for a period of approximately 2.5 hours. During this time period, the patients performed approximately 35 functional daily life activities. Behavior of the patients was measured using triaxial accelerometers, which were placed at six different positions on the body. A neural network was trained to assess the severity of LID using various variables of the accelerometer signals. Neural network scores were compared with the assessment by physicians, who evaluated the continuously videotaped behavior of the patients off-line. The neural network correctly classified dyskinesia or the absence of dyskinesia in 15-minute intervals in 93.7, 99.7, and 97.0% for the arm, trunk, and leg, respectively. In the few cases of misclassification, the rating by the neural network was in the class next to that indicated by the physicians using the AIMS score (scale 0-4). Analysis of the neural networks revealed several new variables, which are relevant for assessing the severity of LID. The results indicate that the neural network can accurately assess the severity of LID and could distinguish LID from voluntary movements in daily life situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. noelk@mbfys.kun.nl
authors.forename: Noël L W
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keijsers
authors.forename: Martin W I M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Horstink
authors.forename: Stan C A M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gielen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D015588:Observer Variation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa