title: Anti-apoptotic signaling by the interleukin-2 receptor reveals a function for cytoplasmic tyrosine residues within the common gamma (gamma c) receptor subunit.
abstract: The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is composed of one affinity-modulating subunit (IL-2Ralpha) and two essential signaling subunits (IL-2Rbeta and gammac). Although most known signaling events are mediated through tyrosine residues located within IL-2Rbeta, no functions have yet been ascribed to gammac tyrosine residues. In this study, we describe a role for gammac tyrosines in anti-apoptotic signal transduction. We have shown previously that a tyrosine-deficient IL-2Rbeta chain paired with wild type gammac stimulated enhancement of bcl-2 mRNA in IL-2-dependent T cells, but it was not determined which region of the IL-2R or which pathway was activated to direct this signaling response. Here we show that up-regulation of Bcl-2 by an IL-2R lacking IL-2Rbeta tyrosine residues leads to increased cell survival after cytokine deprivation; strikingly, this survival signal does not occur in the absence of gammac tyrosine residues. These gammac-dependent signals are revealed only in the absence of IL-2Rbeta tyrosines, indicating that the IL-2R engages at least two distinct signaling pathways to regulate apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression. Mechanistically, the gammac-dependent signal requires activation of Janus kinases 1 and 3 and is sensitive to wortmannin, implicating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Consistent with involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt can be activated via tyrosine residues on gammac. Thus, gammac mediates an anti-apoptotic signaling pathway through Akt which cooperates with signals from its partner chain, IL-2Rbeta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lindemann
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benczik
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gaffen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D021122:Protein Subunits; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D004921:Erythropoietin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C507933:JAK3 protein, human; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases