title: Canine distemper of vaccine origin in European mink, Mustela lutreola--a case report.
abstract: Cases of canine distemper (CD) related to vaccination of exotic carnivores extend over three decades and have been described in at least nine different species. Our report describes a case of acute CD in a European mink, Mustela lutreola, vaccinated with live attenuated CD vaccine licensed for use in fur-farmed mink. The male mink died of an acute grey matter disease with an unusually long incubation period. A female vaccinated at the same time showed no obvious signs of illness. The diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by subsequent sequencing of the PCR products. The sequenced products of the virus isolated from the mink and of the vaccine batch showed 100% identity. This is the first report in which molecular methods were used to confirm that the disease was caused by the vaccine strain. Based on our findings, it is clearly evident that current CD vaccines cannot be safely used in exotic species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, PO Box 45 (Hämeentie 57), Helsinki 00581, Finland. christie.ek-kommonen@eela.fi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ek-Kommonen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rudbäck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huovilainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004216:Distemper / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000276:immunology*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008907:Mink / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines