title: T-cadherin-mediated cell growth regulation involves G2 phase arrest and requires p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression.
abstract: Members of the cadherin family have been implicated as growth regulators in multiple tumor types. Based on recent studies from our laboratory implicating T-cadherin expression in mouse brain tumorigenesis, we examined the role of T-cadherin in astrocytoma growth regulation. In this report, we show that T-cadherin expression increased during primary astrocyte physiologic growth arrest in response to contact inhibition and serum starvation in vitro, suggesting a function for T-cadherin in astrocyte growth regulation. We further demonstrate that transient and stable reexpression of T-cadherin in deficient C6 glioma cell lines results in growth suppression. In addition, T-cadherin-expressing C6 cell lines demonstrated increased homophilic cell aggregation, increased cell attachment to fibronectin, and decreased cell motility. Cell cycle flow cytometry demonstrated that T-cadherin reexpression resulted in G2 phase arrest, which was confirmed by mitotic index analysis. This growth arrest was p53 independent, as T-cadherin could still mediate growth suppression in p53(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. T-cadherin-expressing C6 cell lines exhibited increased p21(CIP1/WAF1), but not p27(Kip1), expression. Lastly, T-cadherin-mediated growth arrest was dependent on p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression and was eliminated in p21(CIP1/WAF1)-deficient fibroblasts. Collectively, these observations suggest a novel mechanism of growth regulation for T-cadherin involving p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression and G2 arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: YanLi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Nicolé
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gutmann
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002455:Cell Division; D002465:Cell Movement; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase; D051379:Mice; D008938:Mitosis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493958:Cdkn1a protein, rat; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; C099972:H-cadherin; D004247:DNA