title: A live, attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3' untranslated region is highly attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys.
abstract: The Delta30 deletion mutation, which was originally created in dengue virus type 4 (DEN4) by the removal of nucleotides 172 to 143 from the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR), was introduced into a homologous region of wild-type (wt) dengue virus type 1 (DEN1). The resulting virus, rDEN1Delta30, was attenuated in rhesus monkeys to a level similar to that of the rDEN4Delta30 vaccine candidate. rDEN1Delta30 was more attenuated in rhesus monkeys than the previously described vaccine candidate, rDEN1mutF, which also contains mutations in the 3' UTR, and both vaccines were highly protective against challenge with wt DEN1. Both rDEN1Delta30 and rDEN1mutF were also attenuated in HuH-7-SCID mice. However, neither rDEN1Delta30 nor rDEN1mutF showed restricted replication following intrathoracic inoculation in the mosquito Toxorhynchites splendens. The ability of the Delta30 mutation to attenuate both DEN1 and DEN4 viruses suggests that a tetravalent DEN vaccine could be generated by introduction of the Delta30 mutation into wt DEN viruses belonging to each of the four serotypes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. swhitehead@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falgout
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.forename: Lewis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Markoff
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001483:Base Sequence; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines