Regulation of cell apoptosis by protein kinase c delta.
The isoforms of the PKC family are activated in response to mitogenic stimuli, to inflammatory stimuli, and to stress and play important roles in a variety of cellular functions including apoptosis. PKCdelta a member of the novel PKC subfamily, is actively involved in cell apoptosis in a stimulus and tissue specific manner; it both regulates the expression and function of apoptotic related proteins and is itself a target for caspases. Activation of PKCdelta by various apoptotic stimuli results in the translocation of PKCdelta to distinct cellular compartments such as mitochondria, golgi and nucleus, and the differential translocation contributes to its different effects. In addition, phosphorylation of PKCdelta on distinct tyrosine residues and its association with specific apoptotic related proteins such as c-Abl, DNA-PK, p73 and lamin B are pivotal to its function in cell apoptosis. Recent findings on these aspects of the PKCdelta cascades are the major focus of this review.
Brodie
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Gonda (Goldschmied) Medical Diagnosis Research Center, Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel. chaya@mail.biu.ac.il
Blumberg
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PM
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D021381:Protein Transport; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
D014443:Tyrosine; C497259:Prkcd protein, mouse; C497260:Prkcd protein, rat; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta