title: A shine-dalgarno-like sequence mediates in vitro ribosomal internal entry and subsequent scanning for translation initiation of coxsackievirus B3 RNA.
abstract: Translation initiation of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) RNA is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the 5' untranslated region. However, the details of ribosome-template recognition and subsequent translation initiation are still poorly understood. In this study, we have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that 40S ribosomal subunits bind to CVB3 RNA via basepairing with 18S rRNA in a manner analogous to that of the Shine-Dalgarno (S-D) sequence in prokaryotic systems. We also identified a new site within both the 18S rRNA and the polpyrimidine-tract sequence of the IRES that allows them to form stronger sequence complementation. All these data were obtained from in vitro translation experiments using mutant RNAs containing either an antisense IRES core sequence at the original position or site-directed mutations or deletions in the polypyrimidine tract of the IRES. The mutations significantly reduced translation efficiency but did not abolish protein synthesis, suggesting that the S-D-like sequence is essential, but not sufficient for ribosome binding. To determine how ribosomes reach the initiation codon after internal entry, we created additional mutants: when the authentic initiation codon at nucleotide (nt) 742 was mutated, a 180-nt downstream in-frame AUG codon at nt 922 is able to produce a truncated smaller protein. When this mutation was introduced into the full-length cDNA of CVB3, the derived viruses were still infectious. However, their infectivity was much weaker than that of the wild-type CVB3. In addition, when a stable stem-loop was inserted upstream of the initiation codon in the bicistronic RNA, translation was strongly inhibited. These data suggest that ribosomes reach the initiation codon from the IRES likely by scanning along the viral RNA.
authors.affiliation: The MRL/iCAPTUR4E Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia-St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, B. C, Canada. dyang@mrl.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Decheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carthy
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Lubos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bohunek
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McManus
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012315:RNA Caps / Q000502:physiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012315:RNA Caps; D012367:RNA, Viral