title: Carotid surgery in acute symptomatic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  evaluation of urgent carotid artery surgery with new diagnostic techniques and changing surgical considerations at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective monitoring and assessment of outcome in 67 patients who underwent urgent carotid surgery because of symptomatic extracranial carotid artery involvement. Patients were examined via the stroke unit: duplex sonography was mandatory for diagnosis of extracranial carotid artery disease, as was proof of an open middle cerebral artery (MCA). Assessment of intracerebral damage followed CT or MR imaging procedures. Perioperative and surgical management was standardized. Neurological impairment was assessed pre-, postoperatively and at follow-up using the Rankin scale. "Urgent" was defined as "immediate" after the final diagnostic step had been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  within a period of 26 months 67 symptomatic patients (58% stroke, 42% TIA) underwent urgent carotid surgery. Median time from admission to surgery was 2 days. In all but five cases flow through the ICA could technically be restored (93%). Thirty-day mortality was 3% and disease-related morbidity 13%. The one and two year survival rates were 92 and 90%, respectively. No ipsilateral recurrent stroke occurred during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  clinical decision-making based on stratified diagnostic workup by means of extra- and intracranial as well as intracerebral hemodynamics using new imaging techniques may select patients who will benefit more from urgent surgery than from conservative management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebler
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mödder
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sandmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex