Trapping and characterization of novel retinoid response elements.
Retinoids, such as retinoic acid (RA), play a critical role in normal vertebrate development and physiology. However, embryonic exposure to excess retinoids also causes severe malformations. Retinoids bind RA receptors and retinoid X receptors, thus activating a plethora of genes. Separating the genes induced directly by retinoid-bound receptors from those induced subsequently by other transcription factors is difficult. The loose consensus defining known RA responsive elements (RAREs) further complicates this effort. We developed a yeast-based system to trap functional RAREs in the mouse genome. Several of the clones contain RAREs near RA-induced genes. Mammalian reporter gene analyses and EMSAs showed that these are bona fide RAREs. This functional genomics approach should identify RA-regulated genes that initiate critical signaling cascades in cells.
Glozak
Michele A
MA
Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA.
Li
Yong
Y
Reuille
Rae
R
Kim
Kwan Hee
KH
Vo
My-Nuong
MN
Rogers
Melissa B
MB
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D015723:Gene Library; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; C119111:Znrf4 protein, mouse