Carbonyl levels in indoor and outdoor air in Mexico City and Xalapa, Mexico.
Carbonyl compounds in air were measured at two houses, three museums, and two offices. All sites lacked air-conditioning systems. Although indoor and outdoor air was measured simultaneously at each site, the sites themselves were sampled in different dates. Mean concentrations were higher in indoor air. Outdoor means concentrations of acetone were the highest in all sites, ranging from 12 to 60 microg m(-3). In general, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde had similar mean concentrations, ranging from 4 to 32 and 6 to 28 microg m(-3), respectively. Formaldehyde and acetone mean indoor concentrations were the highest, ranging from 11 to 97 and 17 to 89 microg m(-3), respectively, followed by acetaldehyde with 5 to 47 microg m(-3). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde had the highest mean concentration in the offices where there were smokers. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde concentrations did not show definite differences between indoor and outdoor air. In general, the highest outdoor and indoor hourly concentrations were observed from 10:00 to 15:00 h. Mean indoor/outdoor ratios of carbonyls exceeded 1. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde risks were higher in smoking environments.
Báez
Armando
A
Laboratorio de Química Atmosférica, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico. barmando@atmosfera.unam.mx
Padilla
Hugo
H
García
Rocío
R
Torres
Ma del Carmen
Mdel C
Rosas
Irma
I
Belmont
Raúl
R
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D002947:Cities; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
D000393:Air Pollutants; D000447:Aldehydes; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution