title: The symptoms and signs of upper airway resistance syndrome: a link to the functional somatic syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The functional somatic syndromes are associated with a variety of symptoms/signs of uncertain etiology. We determined the prevalence of several of those symptoms/signs in patients with sleep-disordered breathing and examined the relationship between the prevalence of the symptoms/signs and the severity of sleep-disordered breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study without intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university sleep-disorders center located in a suburban setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of 25 consecutively collected patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Groups varied in their apnea hypopnea indexes (AHIs) as follows: upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) [AHI < 10/h), mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea (OSA/H) [AHI >or= 10 to < 40/h), and moderate-to-severe OSA/H (AHI >or= 40/h).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients underwent comprehensive medical histories, physical examinations, and full-night polysomnography. The diagnosis of UARS included quantitative measurement of inspiratory airflow and inspiratory effort with demonstration of inspiratory flow limitation. The percentage of women among the patients with sleep-disordered breathing (p = 0.001) and the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia (p = 0.04), headaches (p = 0.01), irritable bowel syndrome (p = 0.01), and alpha-delta sleep (p = 0.01) was correlated with decreasing severity of AHI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that patients with UARS, mild-to-moderate OSA/H and moderate-to-severe OSA/H differ in their presenting symptoms/signs. The symptoms/signs of UARS closely resemble those of the functional somatic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, SUNY-Stony Brook, School of Medicine, DVA Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA. avram.gold@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Avram R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dipalo
authors.forename: Morris S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Hearn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology