title: Patient-delivered partner treatment with azithromycin to prevent repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated infection with C trachomatis increases the risk for serious sequelae: pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. A substantial proportion of women treated for C trachomatis infection are reinfected by an untreated male sex partner in the first several months after treatment. Effective strategies to ensure partner treatment are needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to determine whether repeated infections with C trachomatis can be reduced by giving women doses of azithromycin to deliver to male sex partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted among 1,787 women aged 14 to 34 years with uncomplicated C trachomatis genital infection diagnosed at family planning, adolescent, sexually transmitted disease, and primary care clinics or emergency or other hospital departments in five US cities. Women treated for infection were randomized to one of two groups: patient-delivered partner treatment (in which they were given a dose of azithromycin to deliver to each sex partner) or self-referral (in which they were asked to refer their sex partners for treatment). The main outcome measure was C trachomatis DNA detected by urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by 4 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of study participants enrolled in each arm were similar except for a small difference in the age distribution. Risk of reinfection was 20% lower among women in the patient-delivered partner treatment arm (87/728; 12%) than among those in the self-referral arm (106/726; 15%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.05; = 0.102). Women in the patient-delivered partner treatment arm reported high compliance with the intervention (82%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient-delivered partner treatment for prevention of repeated infection among women is comparable to self-referral and may be an appropriate option for some patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jus8@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kissinger
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.forename: William L H
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: Ray L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.forename: Maya R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: Stuart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Charlotte K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: M Kim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: H Hunter
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Handsfield
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolan
authors.forename: Lauri E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: J Dennis
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fortenberry
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022521:Ligase Chain Reaction; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D012008:Recurrence; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D017963:Azithromycin