title: Growth-promoting effect of carbon material upon bacterial cells propagating through a distance.
abstract: Carbon material such as graphite and activated charcoal, but not diamond, causes the promotion of growth of certain bacteria under ordinarily non-permissive stress conditions over a distance of several centimeters. Bacillus carboniphilus under the stress of a high KCl concentration and high temperature responded to this remote effect of carbon material with enhanced growth, and thermophile bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus responded similarly yet moderately under the stress of low temperature. The remote effect of carbon was caused by its activation with external energy, probably of electromagnetic nature, as this effect was markedly decreased by sheltering the experimental system with an iron or aluminum barrier. Carbon material probably transforms the external oscillatory pulses or radiation into a signal exerting, far-reaching, growth-promoting effect upon cells. The most plausible candidate of signals emitted from carbon was considered to be (ultra)sonic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokai University, Numazu 410-03, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Alla N.
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Pankrushina
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Sugio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otani