title: Induction of apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells by shiga toxin 1.
abstract: Brain injury is the most frequent cause of mortality among patients with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) are resistant to Escherichia coli-derived Shiga toxin (Stx); however, inflammatory cytokines markedly increase HBEC sensitivity to Stx cytotoxicity. HBECs were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, with and without Stx-1, and cell survival, (125)I-Stx1 binding, globotriaosylceramide content, cell necrosis, and cell apoptosis levels were determined. TNF greatly increased Stx-1 cytotoxicity, primarily through induction of apoptosis, in HBEC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ergonul
authors.forename: Alisa K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kohan
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D014281:Trihexosylceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D014281:Trihexosylceramides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C018549:globotriaosylceramide