title: Autophagy is induced during cell death by incompatibility and is essential for differentiation in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina.
abstract: In filamentous fungi, a cell death reaction occurs when cells of unlike genotype fuse. This cell death reaction, known as incompatibility reaction, is genetically controlled by a set of loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility loci). In Podospora anserina, genes induced during this cell death reaction (idi genes) have been identified. The idi-6/pspA gene encodes a serine protease that is the orthologue of the vacuolar protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in autophagy. We report here that the PSPA protease participates in the degradative autophagic pathway in Podospora. We have identified the Podospora orthologue of the AUT7 gene of S. cerevisiae involved in the early steps of autophagy in yeast. This gene is induced during the development of the incompatibility reaction and was designated idi-7. We have used a GFP-IDI7 fusion protein as a cytological marker of the induction of autophagy. Relocalization of this fusion protein and detection of autophagic bodies inside the vacuoles during the development of the incompatibility reaction provide cytological evidence of induction of autophagy during this cell death reaction. Therefore, cell death by incompatibility in fungi appears to be related to type II programmed cell death in metazoans. In addition, we found that pspA and idi-7 null mutations confer differentiation defects such as the absence of female reproductive structures, indicating that autophagy is required for differentiation in Podospora.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Champignons, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Bérangère
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pinan-Lucarré
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paoletti
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dementhon
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coulary-Salin
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clavé
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001343:Autophagy; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020037:Sordariales / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: C113757:ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases