title: Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host macrophages involves resistance to apoptosis dependent upon induction of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1.
abstract: Mcl-1 protein expression was found to be up-regulated during infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Mcl-1 induction in THP-1 cells was optimal at a multiplicity of infection of 0.8-1.2 bacilli per macrophage and was independent of opsonin coating of the bacteria. Mcl-1 expression was elevated as early as 4 h, peaked at 5.8-fold above control cells at 24 h, and remained elevated at 48 h after infection. In THP-1 cells, mMcl-1 mRNA was induced by infection with live H37Rv but not with attenuated M. tuberculosis strain H37Ra, heat-killed H37Rv, or latex beads. In THP-1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), Mcl-1 protein was induced by infection with live H37Rv but not with attenuated M. tuberculosis strain H37Ra, heat-killed H37Rv, or latex beads. Treatment of uninfected, H37Ra-infected, and H37Rv-infected THP-1 cells and MDMs with antisense oligonucleotides to mcl-1 reduced Mcl-1 expression by >84%. This resulted in an increase in apoptosis of both MDMs and THP-1 cells that were infected with H37Rv, but not cells that were uninfected or infected with H37Ra. Increased apoptosis correlated with a decrease in M. tuberculosis CFUs recovered from antisense-treated, H37Rv-infected cells at 4 and 7 days after infection. In contrast, CFU recoveries from sense-treated, H37Rv-infected cells or from antisense- or sense-treated, H37Ra-infected cells were unchanged from controls. Thus, the antiapoptotic effect of the induction of Mcl-1 expression in H37Rv-infected macrophages promotes the survival of virulent M. tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Immunity and Infection Research Center, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sly
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hingley-Wilson
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: McMaster
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger