title: [The importance of predicted risk factors in developmental hip dysplasia: an ultrasonographic screening program].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of the risk factors in the diagnosis of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) by ultrasonographic screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hips of 327 newborns (151 females, 176 males) with identifiable risk factors including family history (n=20), congenital muscular torticollis (n=19), oligohydramniosis (n=2), breech presentation (n=51), multiple gestation (n=6), pes calcaneovalgus (n=74), clubfoot (n=152), and postural metatarsus adductus (n=3) were examined clinically on the first day of life and by ultrasonography within two weeks after birth. The hips were evaluated according to the Graf method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical examination of 239 newborns were normal. Of these, sonographic abnormalities were found in 15 newborns (6.3%). On the other hand, out of 88 newborns who were found clinically abnormal, ultrasonography findings were normal in 24 cases (27%). According to the Graf method, of 654 hips, 550 were type 1, 81 were type 2a, 15 were type 2c, five were type D, two were type 3a, and one was type 4. Treatment was required for only 19 infants (5.8%), four of whom had been found normal on clinical examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that risk factors are important for early diagnosis of DDH, and that, due to detection of abnormal ultrasonography findings among newborns who had been found normal on clinical examination, screening of all newborns with ultrasonography seems to be essential regardless of the presence of any risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (1. Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği), Izmir SSK Training Hospital, 35380 Tepecik, Turkey. lkarapinar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karapinar
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sürenkök
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Mehmet Rifki
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Us
authors.forename: Leman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yurdakul
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D010808:Physical Examination; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography