title: Cerebral palsy and clinical negligence litigation: a cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of criteria suggesting acute intrapartum hypoxia in children with cerebral palsy who have and have not been the subjects of clinical negligence legal claims.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nested cohort study within a geographically defined cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The former Oxfordshire Health Authority.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton children with cerebral palsy born between 1984 and 1993, excluding cases with a recognised postnatal cause for cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records by blinded observer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three 'essential' criteria defined by the International Cerebral Palsy Task Force which identify acute intrapartum hypoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-fifth (27/138) of all singleton cerebral palsy children were the subject of a legal claim. The presence of all three criteria was significantly more likely to lead to a legal claim (P < 0.01), but in 74% (20/27) of claims, all three were not fulfilled and 36% (4/11) of those satisfying all three criteria did not claim. At least one of the three criteria was met in 82% (91/111) of the cases where there was no claim. Data on fetal or neonatal arterial blood gases were available in only 57% (78/138). Of the 27 claims, 12 were discontinued, 8 were settled and in 7 the legal process is still pending. The presence of the three essential criteria for acute intrapartum hypoxia did not increase the likelihood of a legal claim being settled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of the 'template essential' criteria is high in all cases of cerebral palsy. Although the presence of all three essential criteria was more likely in the claims group, this did not appear to influence the outcome of a claim. It remains to be seen whether the existence of the template leads to change in the pattern of decisions made by the courts.
authors.affiliation: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Impey
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D032921:Consensus; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D033222:Judicial Role; D016365:Liability, Legal; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018743:Perinatal Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance