title: Polymorphisms of dopamine receptors and tardive dyskinesia among Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: The putative role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD) makes the genes coding for dopamine receptors the appropriate candidates for study. We investigate the association of the polymorphism of the Ser311Cys and Ser9Gly of the dopamine D2 (DRD2) and D3 receptor (DRD3) genes respectively with TD in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. In a case-control study, 117 Chinese patients with TD were compared to 200 patients without TD. Patients were diagnosed to have schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria. Dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), whereas extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSE) were assessed by the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale. Genotype groups were comparable in age, gender, duration of illness, daily neuroleptic and benzodiazepine dose as well as the mean scores for EPSE. We failed to find an association between the polymorphism of the DRD2 gene with TD but found an increased risk of developing TD among those with D3 serine/serine genotype. Our results did not indicate that the D2 genotype has a role in the pathophysiology of TD in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The association of TD with the serine/serine genotype of the DRD3 may be an epiphenomenon of patients with a subtype of schizophrenia who had more exposure to neuroleptics.
authors.affiliation: Woodbridge Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Siow_Ann_CHONG@imh.com.sg
authors.forename: Siow-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Ene-Choo
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Chay Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.lastname: Mythily
authors.forename: Yiong Huak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D004247:DNA