title: Bone formation on two-dimensional poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and three-dimensional PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro.
abstract: For some bone tissue engineering strategies, direct contact of newly synthesized bone with a scaffold is important for structural continuity and stability at the scaffold/bone interface. Thus, as the polymer degrades, the support function of the scaffold could be adopted by the developing bone structure. This study was designed to determine whether poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) with a comonomer ratio of 75:25 supports bone apposition in vitro. Osteogenic cells derived from rat bone marrow cells were cultured for 2 weeks on polymeric two-dimensional films and three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds. Bacteriological grade polystyrene and tissue culture polystyrene dishes served as negative and positive controls for interfacial bone deposition, respectively. The surfaces of the prepared substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. After cell culture, the elaborated matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) supports appositional bone growth on both two-dimensional films and three-dimensional scaffolds, including the formation of a mineralized cement line matrix. Furthermore, surface topographical features are not required for the adherence of the cement line matrix to the polymer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Molly S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shoichet
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D001846:Bone Development; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene