title: Outcome of necrosectomy in acute pancreatitis: the case for continued vigilance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery for pancreatic necrosis complicating acute severe pancreatitis carries a high risk of mortality and may be influenced by a range of variables including patterns of referral, case selection and quality of care.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study of a consecutive series of 54 patients undergoing pancreatic necrosectomy in a specialist Hepatobiliary unit over an 8-year study period. Principal outcomes were organ dysfunction and physiological derangement in relation to surgery, microbial colonization of necrosis and relation to outcome, re-operation rates, requirement for peri-operative nutritional support, trends in mortality and survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Necrosectomy was associated with statistically significant deterioration in immediate postoperative organ dysfunction scores (ANOVA P < 0.01). Infected necrosis was present in 36 (68%). Fungal colonization of necrosis was present in 5 (9%). Mortality in this subgroup was 80% (4 deaths). There was no association between bacterial colonization of necrosis and death in this study (P = 0.77; Fisher exact test; relative risk 0.9,95% confidence interval 0.54-1.54). Twenty patients (37%) required further surgical intervention with an average of 1.5 surgical procedures per patient. Twenty-three patients (43%) died. Patient survival to discharge was best predicted by admission APACHE-II score with relative risk of death increasing 14% for each unit increase in APACHE-II score at admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study illustrate that there is no place for complacency in the surgical management of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. A clinical governance approach would promote pre-defined protocols between admitting hospitals and tertiary referral centres. Future research should target new interventions in patients with high admission APACHE-II scores in whom prognosis is particularly poor and explore the role of infection of necrotic tissue.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgical and Clinical Sciences, Critical Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Siriwardena
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000601:surgery; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome