title: Differential role of K(ATP) channels activated by conjugated estrogens in the regulation of myocardial and coronary protective effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have demonstrated that estrogen can reduce myocardial injury in ischemia-reperfusion via activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. We sought to determine whether the protective effect of estrogen extends to epicardial coronary artery with attenuated vasoconstriction in patients after angioplasty by activation of such channels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was designed to prospectively investigate 41 consecutive patients scheduled for elective coronary angioplasty. Pretreatment with estrogen limited myocardial ischemia during coronary occlusion and attenuated postangioplasty coronary vasoconstriction at the dilated and distal segments. An inhibitor of K(ATP) channels, glibenclamide, did not affect coronary vasomotor response, although it abolished the beneficial effect of estrogen on myocardial ischemia. Patients to whom estrogen was administered after the second balloon deflation experienced a similar magnitude of myocardial ischemia as controls but showed significantly attenuated vasoconstriction compared with controls (P=0.0001). Endothelin-1 levels from the great cardiac vein rose significantly from 1.9+/-0.4 to 3.1+/-0.6 pg/mL (P=0.001) 15 minutes after angioplasty in the control group; this was attenuated after estrogen was administered. Significant correlation was found between the changes in coronary vasomotion of the dilated segment and endothelin-1 levels (r=0.65, P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that estrogen is protective against both myocardial ischemia and coronary vasoconstriction through different mechanisms. The myocardial effect of estrogen was abolished by glibenclamide, which suggests that the cardioprotective effect of estrogen may result from activation of K(ATP) channels. In contrast, estrogen-induced attenuated vasoconstriction is associated with an attenuated release of endothelin-1, independent of K(ATP) activation.
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. tsungm.lee@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Tsung-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tsai-Fwu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chang-Her
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005905:Glyburide