title: Helicobacter pylori-induced duodenal ulcer frequently coincides with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is complicated. Evidence does not support a causal link. There have been reports, which have implicated successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori, in patients with a duodenal ulcer, with the subsequent development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. However, eradication of Helicobacter pylori in these patients with improvement in their condition and a return to normal lifestyle, weight gain and discontinuation of antacids may unmask pre-existing gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the true prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with Helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy were prospectively screened for the presence of a duodenal ulcer. Concomitant oesophagitis, when present, was recorded. All subjects with a Helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulcer without endoscopic evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were invited to undergo a 24-hr ambulatory oesophageal pH assessment prior to receiving treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 patients with a duodenal ulcer were identified and 83.5% were Helicobacter pylori positive. Overall, 27.8% had associated endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis, 70% grade I-II and 30% grade III-IV. Of those without evidence of oesophagitis at endoscopy, 68% underwent a 24-hr pH assessment. An additional 17% were identified by this means as having gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Overall, 44% of symptomatic subjects with Helicobacter pylori and a duodenal ulcer were found to have coexistent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is frequently found to coexist with Helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulcer. In addition, almost 20% of symptomatic patients without endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis will have an abnormal oesophageal pH exposure. It is plausible that the development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease following successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori represents unmasking of existing disease rather than de novo development.
authors.affiliation: Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Eire. dimac1@indigo.ie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mc Namara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000150:complications*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies