title: Human and porcine early kidney precursors as a new source for transplantation.
abstract: Kidney transplantation has been one of the major medical advances of the past 30 years. However, tissue availability remains a major obstacle. This can potentially be overcome by the use of undifferentiated or partially developed kidney precursor cells derived from early embryos and fetal tissue. Here, transplantation in mice reveals the earliest gestational time point at which kidney precursor cells, of both human and pig origin, differentiate into functional nephrons and not into other, non-renal professional cell types. Moreover, successful organogenesis is achieved when using the early kidney precursors, but not later-gestation kidneys. The formed, miniature kidneys are functional as evidenced by the dilute urine they produce. In addition, decreased immunogenicity of the transplants of early human and pig kidney precursors compared with adult kidney transplants is demonstrated in vivo. Our data pinpoint a window of human and pig kidney organogenesis that may be optimal for transplantation in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dekel
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burakova
authors.forename: Fabian D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Arditti
authors.forename: Shlomit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reich-Zeliger
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Milstein
authors.forename: Sarit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aviel-Ronen
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechavi
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Naftali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: Justen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Passwell
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Reisner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D038081:Organogenesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1