Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were randomized, in a double blind design, and placed into either a vitamin D supplemented group or a placebo control group. As expected, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased significantly following 6 month vitamin D supplementation (17+/-6 ng/ml at baseline to 28+/-8 ng/ml at 6 months). Vitamin D supplementation also significantly increased serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 levels from 230+/-21 pg/ml at baseline to 295+/-40 pg/ml 6 months later. Placebo treatment had no effect on serum TGF-beta 1 levels. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-13 were not different following vitamin D supplementation. IL-2 mRNA levels decreased following vitamin D supplementation but the differences did not reach significance. Vitamin D supplementation of MS patients for 6 months was associated with increased vitamin D status and serum TGF-beta 1.
Mahon
B D
BD
Graduate Program in Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Gordon
S A
SA
Cruz
J
J
Cosman
F
F
Cantorna
M T
MT
D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014807:Vitamin D; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D