title: The safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing in an outpatient otolaryngology setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing in a private otolaryngology office setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five parameters were prospectively evaluated. These included airway compromise, epistaxis, change in heart rate, level of discomfort, and patient's willingness to repeat the examination in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  All persons undergoing flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing between July 1, 1999, and June 30, 2001, were prospectively evaluated. A flexible fiberoptic endoscope with a specially designed air port channel was passed transnasally (without topical anesthesia or nasal constriction) into the more patent nostril. Nasopharyngeal and laryngeal anatomy were first evaluated. Laryngopharyngeal sensory and motor function were then assessed, followed by a comprehensive swallowing evaluation. Five test parameters were examined during each study. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred forty-nine consecutive examinations in 305 adult patients with dysphagia were performed during the study period. Mild epistaxis occurred in four patients (1.1%). There were no episodes of airway obstruction or laryngospasm. There was no statistically significant difference between the average pretest and post-test heart rates; no patients became symptomatically bradycardic or tachycardic. The discomfort ratings were as follows: 44 patients (12.6%) rated the overall discomfort of the test as none, 169 (48.4%) thought it was mild, 110 (31.5%) described moderate discomfort, and 26 (7.5%) said it was severe. Three hundred forty-two (98%) of the patients would repeat the test in the future; seven patients (2%) said that they would not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing is a safe, well-tolerated procedure to objectively evaluate patients with dysphagia when performed by an experienced speech-language pathologist with an otolaryngologist in attendance in an outpatient office setting.
authors.affiliation: North Shore Otolaryngology Associates, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Manderly A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setzen
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ditkoff
authors.forename: Kenneth F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mattucci
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods; D018583:Pliability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome