title: Comparison of enoximone, amrinone, or levosimendan enriched St. Thomas' hospital cardioplegic solutions used for myocardial preservation in isolated guinea pig hearts.
abstract: Myocardial contractile function after cardioplegic arrest is often depressed and an ideal cardioplegic solution has not been developed yet. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of phosphodiesterase III inhibitors, amrinone and enoximone, and levosimendan, a novel Ca2+ sensitizing agent, on recovery of hearts after normothermic cardioplegic arrest when added to the St. Thomas' hospital cardioplegic solution. In the control group, isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused in Langendorff apparatus and arrested with standard St. Thomas' solution. In other groups, amrinone (10(-5) mol.L-1), levosimendan (10(-5) mol.L-1), or enoximone (10(-4) mol.L-1) were added to the cardioplegic solution. In all hearts, intraventricular pressure, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, area under pressure-time curve, heart rate, coronary flow, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase enzyme leakage, and oxygen consumption were measured. In the enoximone group, contractility force and +dp/dtmax, were found to be significantly high in the reperfusion and inotropic periods in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). -dp/dtmax and area under contractility-time curve values were significantly high in inotropic period in enoximone group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was noted in other groups. Cardioplegic solution enrichment with enoximone augmented mechanic functions in reperfusion period. No positive effect of amrinone or levosimendan was observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sureyyapasa Thoracic and Cardiovascular Disease Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. cengizkoksal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Köksal
authors.forename: Oner
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Süzer
authors.forename: A Kürsat
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Sebahat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köseoğlu
mesh_terms: D000676:Amrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017335:Enoximone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009926:Organ Preservation; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077464:Simendan; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011724:Pyridazines; C041711:St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution; D000077464:Simendan; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D017335:Enoximone; D008274:Magnesium; D000676:Amrinone; D002122:Calcium Chloride