title: Detection of [1,6-13C2]-glucose metabolism in rat brain by in vivo 1H-[13C]-NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: Localized, water-suppressed (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectroscopy was used to detect (13)C-label accumulation in cerebral metabolites following the intravenous infusion of [1,6-(13)C(2)]-glucose (Glc). The (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR method, based on adiabatic RF pulses, 3D image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) localization, and optimal shimming, yielded high-quality (1)H-[(13)C]-NMR spectra with optimal NMR sensitivity. As a result, the (13)C labeling of [4-(13)C]-glutamate (Glu) and [4-(13)C]-glutamine (Gln) could be detected from relatively small volumes (100 microL) with a high temporal resolution. The formation of [n-(13)C]-Glu, [n-(13)C]-Gln (n = 2 or 3), [2-(13)C]-aspartate (Asp), [3-(13)C]-Asp, [3-(13)C]-alanine (Ala), and [3-(13)C]-lactate (Lac) was also observed to be reproducible. The (13)C-label incorporation curves of [4-(13)C]-Glu and [4-(13)C]-Gln provided direct information on metabolic pathways. Using a two-compartment metabolic model, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux was determined as 0.52 +/- 0.04 micromol/min/g, while the glutamatergic neurotransmitter flux equaled 0.25 +/- 0.05 micromol/min/g, in good correspondence with previously determined values.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Center, Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8043, USA. robin.degraaf@yale.edu
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Graeme F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose