title: Efficacy of endoscopic and percutaneous treatments for biliary complications after cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous transhepatic radiologic procedures as well as ERCP-based techniques have been used to treat biliary complications after liver transplantation. However, the efficacy of these treatments has not yet been clarified, especially for complications occurring after living donor liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed to determine the frequency and types of the biliary complications after cadaveric donor liver transplantation and living donor liver transplantation. The success of ERCP and percutaneous transhepatic radiologic procedures was also evaluated. The choice of treatment approach, ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic radiologic procedures, depended on the type of biliary reconstruction and accessibility of the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 429 adult patients who underwent liver transplantation, 39 biliary complications developed in 25 patients (5.8%): biliary stricture (20), biliary stones (10), and bile leak (9). The frequency of biliary complications (5.8%; 6/103) after cadaveric donor liver transplantation was not significantly different compared with that after living donor liver transplantation (5.8%; 19/326). Success rates for treatment of biliary complications by means of ERCP and percutaneous transhepatic radiologic procedures were, respectively, 100% (11/11) and 78% (18/23). For endoscopically treated patients, balloon dilation alone for biliary strictures and nasobiliary tube placement alone for bile leaks resulted in complete resolution of the complication in, respectively, 67% (2/3) and 40% (2/5) without further intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpapillary endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic radiologic interventions are both effective therapies for biliary complications associated with liver transplantation. They are complementary approaches that help to avoid surgery for these complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Surgery, and Interventional Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jimin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kwang Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Gyu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002102:Cadaver; D002404:Catheterization; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome