title: Assessment of the perinatal effects of maternal ingestion of Solanum malacoxylon in rats.
abstract: A perinatal study was performed to verify the toxic effects of Solanum malacoxylon, which contains a glycoside conjugated to Vitamin D(3). In the gestational study, female rats received S. malacoxylon leaves in the diet at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% from days 6 to 21 of pregnancy. At 21 days of gestation, blood samples were taken from the dams for evaluation of serum Ca and P. A laparotomy was performed and the rats were examined for standard parameters of reproductive performance. Fetuses were examined for skeletal changes and histopathologic evaluation. In the second trial, dams were fed diets containing 0 or 0.1% S. malacoxylon leaves during the gestation and lactation periods. After weaning, all animals were euthanized and biochemical and histopathologic evaluations were performed. The biochemical evaluation showed increase in Ca and P levels in females from all experimental groups; however, this effect did not occurred in a dose-related manner. Pups from dams exposed during gestation and lactationi also showed increased Ca and P levels. Fetal data suggested a delay of fetal development manifested by decreased body weight and skeletal alterations. There was also a reduction in live fetuses. Histopathologic study revealed alterations of the soft tissue in litters from dams given 1% dietary S. malacoxylon during pregnancy and 0.1% during pregnancy and lactation. These findings support our hypothesis that Vitamin D(3) glycoside crosses the placenta and suggests milk transfer of this substance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Center for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. gorniak@usp.br
authors.forename: Silvana Lima
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Górniak
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Maiorka
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Raspantini
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosomi
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Maria Lucia Zaidan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dagli
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000633:toxicity; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium