title: Mechanisms controlling the oxygen consumption in experimentally induced hypochloremic alkalosis in calves.
abstract: The study was carried out on healthy Friesian calves (n = 10) aged between 10 and 30 days. Hypochloremia and alkalosis were induced by intravenous administration of furosemide and isotonic sodium bicarbonate. The venous and arterial blood samples were collected repeatedly. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), hemoglobin and plasmatic chloride concentrations were determined. The red blood cell chloride concentration was also calculated. pH, PCO2 and PO2 were measured in arterial and mixed venous blood. The oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) was measured in standard conditions. The correspondence of the OEC to the arterial and mixed venous compartments was calculated, taking blood temperature, pH and PCO2 values into account. The oxygen exchange fraction (OEF%), corresponding to the degree of blood desaturation between the arterial and mixed venous compartments and the amount of oxygen released at the tissue level by 100 mL of blood (OEF Vol%) were calculated from the arterial and mixed venous OEC, combined with PO2 and hemoglobin concentration. Oxygen delivery (DO2) was calculated using the arterial oxygen content, the cardiac output measured by thermodilution, and the body weight of the animal. The oxygen consumption (VO2) was derived from the cardiac output, OEF Vol% and body weight values. Despite the plasma hypochloremia, the erythrocyte chloride concentration was not influenced by furosemide and sodium bicarbonate infusion. Due to the alkalosis-induced increase in the 2,3-DPG, the standard OEC was shifted to the right, allowing oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin more rapidly. These changes opposed the increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen induced by alkalosis. Moreover, respiratory acidosis, hemoconcentration, and the slight decrease in the partial oxygen pressure in mixed venous blood (Pvo2) tended to improve the OEF Vol% and maintain the oxygen consumption in a physiological range while the cardiac output, and the oxygen delivery were significantly decreased. It may be concluded that, despite reduced oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption is maintained during experimentally induced hypochloremic alkalosis in healthy 10-30 day old calves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cambier
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clerbaux
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Detry
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florquin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marville
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frans
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gustin
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000097:blood; D000471:Alkalosis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001831:Body Temperature; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010313:Partial Pressure
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D004232:Diuretics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005665:Furosemide; D010100:Oxygen