title: Rarefaction of skin capillaries in normotensive offspring of individuals with essential hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rarefaction of skin capillaries in people with intermittent borderline essential hypertension suggests a primary or an early abnormality that may antedate the onset of sustained hypertension.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare skin capillary density in subjects with and without a family history of essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 normotensive individuals, one or both of whose parents had essential hypertension (mean age 39.3 years; blood pressure 124/79 mm Hg); 21 normotensive controls with no family history of hypertension (age 46.3 years; blood pressure 124/78 mm Hg).
  
  
  METHODS
  The skin of the dorsum of the fingers was examined by intravital capillary microscopy before and after venous congestion at 60 mm Hg for two minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By analysis of variance, both baseline and maximum skin capillary density were lower in subjects with a family history of essential hypertension than in those with no family history (baseline: 67 v 79 capillaries per field, p = 0.008; maximum: 74 v 93 capillaries per field, p < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capillary rarefaction in essential hypertension may occur before the increase in blood pressure and could, at least in part, reflect a primary rather than a secondary abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Blood Pressure Unit, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. t.antonios@sghms.ac.uk
authors.forename: T F T
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Antonios
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rattray
authors.forename: D R J
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Markandu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: MacGregor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002196:Capillaries; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010375:Pedigree; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*