title: Early statin therapy restores endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine whether simvastatin improves endothelial function in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD) is used as a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adult studies have shown that statins reverse endothelial dysfunction and therefore reduce the risk for future CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 50 children with FH (9 to 18 years) and 19 healthy, non-FH controls. Children with FH were randomized to receive simvastatin or placebo for 28 weeks. The FMD was performed at baseline and at 28 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, FMD was impaired in children with FH versus non-FH controls (p < 0.024). In the simvastatin FH group, FMD improved significantly, whereas the FMD remained unaltered in the placebo FH group throughout the study period (absolute increase 3.9% +/- 4.3% vs. 1.2% +/- 3.9%, p < 0.05). In the simvastatin FH group, FMD increased to a level similar to the non-FH controls (15.6% +/- 6.8% vs. 15.5% +/- 5.4%, p = 0.958). Upon treatment, the simvastatin FH group showed significant absolute reductions of total cholesterol (TC) (-2.16 +/- 1.04 mmol/l, 30.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-2.13 +/- 0.99 mmol/l, 39.8%). The absolute change of FMD after 28 weeks of therapy was inversely correlated to changes of TC (r = -0.31, p < 0.05) and LDL-C (r = -0.31, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show significant improvement of endothelial dysfunction towards normal levels after short-term simvastatin therapy in children with FH. These results emphasize the relevance of statin therapy in patients with FH at an early stage, when the atherosclerotic process is still reversible.
authors.affiliation: Emma Children's Hospital, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands. s.dejongh@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jongh
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lilien
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: op't Roodt
authors.forename: Erik S G
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stroes
authors.forename: Henk D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: John J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kastelein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D019821:Simvastatin