title: Serum plasma pregnancy-associated protein A: a potential marker of echogenic carotid atherosclerotic plaques in asymptomatic hyperlipidemic subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proteolytic activity of metalloproteinases, proinflammatory enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix, is elevated in lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques, thereby contributing to plaque fragility and rupture. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase, expressed in unstable atherosclerotic plaques, whose circulating levels are elevated in acute coronary syndromes. We evaluated serum PAPP-A levels as a marker of the premature development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic subjects at elevated cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum PAPP-A levels were determined in asymptomatic hyperlipidemic male subjects (n=64; mean+/-SD age, 51+/-7 years) in whom intima-media thickness (IMT) and lesion status in the carotid artery were evaluated by noninvasive ultrasonography and compared with those of a normolipidemic control group (n=25). No difference was observed in circulating PAPP-A levels between hyperlipidemic subjects and controls (8.99+/-2.93 and 8.03+/-2.75 mIU/L, respectively; mean+/-SD) nor between hyperlipidemic subjects who presented with a luminal obstruction of the carotid artery (9.26+/-2.53 mIU/L) and those who did not (8.85+/-3.29 mIU/L). By contrast, in patients with atheromatous carotid plaques, a positive association between serum levels of PAPP-A and C-reactive protein was observed (P<0.05); moreover, subjects exhibiting hyperechoic or isoechoic, echogenic lesions had significantly higher PAPP-A levels compared with those with hypoechoic lesions (10.32+/-2.72 vs 8.27+/-2.18 mIU/L, P<0.05) and with normolipidemic controls (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum PAPP-A levels represent a potential marker of the degree of echogenicity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in asymptomatic hyperlipidemic patients at high cardiovascular risk and equally of an enhanced local inflammatory state involving remodeling of subendothelial extracellular matrix.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, the National Institute for Health, Paris, France. jean-louis.beaudeux@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beaudeux
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burc
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imbert-Bismut
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giral
authors.forename: Maguy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A