title: Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the strong heart study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether non-HDL cholesterol, a measure of total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, is a predictor of CVD in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Strong Heart Study, a population-based study of CVD and its risk factors in 13 American Indian communities in three geographic areas in the U.S. The baseline examination, conducted between July 1989 and January 1992, consisted of a personal interview, a physical examination, and laboratory tests. Of the 4,549 women and men aged 45-74 years participating in the study, 2,108 had diabetes but no CVD at baseline. Data on fatal and nonfatal CVD were collected during the follow-up period through 31 December 1998 (average 9 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariable analyses indicated that non-HDL cholesterol is a strong predictor of CVD in men and women with diabetes and is particularly indicative of coronary events. Hazard ratios for the highest tertile of non-HDL cholesterol in men and women with diabetes (2.23 and 1.80, respectively) were higher than those for either LDL cholesterol or triglycerides alone in both men and women and were higher than the ratio of total/HDL cholesterol in women. The utility of non-HDL cholesterol in predicting CVD extended over a wide range of triglyceride concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that non-HDL cholesterol index may be particularly useful in predicting CVD risk in patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: MedStar Research Institute and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC., USA.
authors.forename: Weiquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Helaine E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jablonski
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Arvind K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Wm James
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides