title: Suggested Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the preparation of electron microscopy samples for toxicology/pathology studies in a GLP environment.
abstract: We provide a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for preparing samples for electron microscopic evaluation that allow storage of samples in the primary fixative for at least 17 years without noticeable degradation, do not compromise the ability to prepare the same samples for standard light microscopic evaluation, and provide tips for orientation of samples that may be necessary for evaluation. Guidelines for proper sample size, buffer composition, and fluid concentrations during processing are given. The impact of these procedures on specimen quality, ability to produce truly comparable samples for drug development studies, and ways to minimize time spent by technicians preparing these samples during necropsies is evaluated. Although many laboratories routinely employ most of these techniques, this compilation will facilitate the simultaneous light and electron microscopic preparation by the pathologist of comparable specimens that can be stored long-term at 4 degrees C in McDowell's and Trump's 4F:1G fixative (4F:1G).
authors.affiliation: Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA. Michael_Dykstra@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dykstra
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Elwell
authors.forename: Shelley V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ching
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000592:standards*; D005161:Facility Regulation and Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D006291:Health Policy; D007753:Laboratories / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D051381:Rats; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000592:standards*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States