title: In vivo leukocyte cytokine mRNA responses to biomaterials are dependent on surface chemistry.
abstract: An in vivo mouse cage implant system was used to determine whether leukocyte cytokine mRNA responses to implanted biomaterials were dependent on surface chemistry. Surfaces displaying various chemistries (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic, and cationic) were placed into stainless steel cages and implanted subcutaneously. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that hydrophilic surfaces showed a decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, and pro-wound healing cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-beta by adherent cells, and mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1beta, and the pro-wound healing cytokine IL-13 were decreased in surrounding, exudate cells. Cytokine responses by adherent and exudate cells to hydrophobic, anionic and cationic surfaces were similar and indicative of a strong inflammatory response at the earliest time point followed by a wound healing response at later time points. However, no differences in the types or levels of exudate cells for any of the surfaces or the empty cage at each of the respective time points were observed, indicating their respective biocompatibility. These studies identify hydrophilic surface chemistries as having significant effects on leukocyte cytokine responses in vivo by decreasing the expression of inflammatory and wound healing cytokines by inflammatory cells adherent to the biomaterial as well as present in the surrounding exudate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Brodbeck
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voskerician
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Ziats
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002459:Cell Fusion; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger