title: Constituents of Holothuroidea, 13. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside molecular species from the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus.
abstract: Three ganglioside molecular species, SCG-1, SCG-2, and SCG-3, were obtained from the lipid fraction of the chloroform-methanol extract of the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of these gangliosides have been determined to be 1-O-[(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (SCG-1), 1-O-[8-O-sulfo(major)-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (SCG-2), and 1-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->11)-(N-glycolyl-alpha-D-neuraminosyl)-(2-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide (SCG-3). The ceramide moieties were composed of heterogeneous long-chain base and fatty acid units. SCG-3 is the first type of ganglioside containing a fucopyranose in the sialosyl trisaccharide moiety. Moreover, these three gangliosides exhibited neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in the presence of nerve growth factor.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kisa
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides