title: Comparison of exhaled and nasal nitric oxide and exhaled carbon monoxide levels in bronchiectatic patients with and without primary ciliary dyskinesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with chronic airway inflammation resulting in bronchiectasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), carbon monoxide (eCO) and nasal NO (nNO) from bronchiectatic patients with PCD (n=14) were compared with those from patients with non-PCD bronchiectasis without (n=31) and with cystic fibrosis (CF) (n=20) and from normal subjects (n=37) to assess the clinical usefulness of these measurements in discriminating between PCD and other causes of bronchiectasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exhaled NO levels were lower in patients with PCD than in patients with non-PCD non-CF bronchiectasis or healthy subjects (median (range) 2.1 (1.3-3.5) ppb v 8.7 (4.5-26.0) ppb, p<0.001; 6.7 (2.6-11.9) ppb, p<0.001, respectively) but not lower than bronchiectatic patients with CF (3.0 (1.5-7.5) ppb, p>0.05). Nasal levels of nNO were significantly lower in PCD patients than in any other subjects (PCD: 54.5 (5.0-269) ppb, non-PCD bronchiectasis without CF: 680 (310-1000) ppb, non-PCD bronchiectasis with CF: 343 (30-997) ppb, control: 663 (322-1343) ppb). In contrast, eCO levels were higher in all patient groups than in control subjects (PCD: 4.5 (3.0-24.0) ppm, p<0.01, other bronchiectasis without CF: 5.0 (3.0-15.0) ppm, p<0.001; CF: 5.3 (2.0-23.0) ppm, p<0.001 v 3.0 (0.5-5.0) ppm). Low values in both eNO and nNO readings (<2.4 ppb and <187 ppb, respectively) identified PCD patients from other bronchiectatic patients with a specificity of 98% and a positive predictive value of 92%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous measurement of eNO and nNO is a useful screening tool for PCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loukides
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wodehouse
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csiszér
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kharitonov
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002925:Ciliary Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D009666:Nose; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide