title: A novel human DNA glycosylase that removes oxidative DNA damage and is homologous to Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII.
abstract: Prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes possess redundant activities that remove the plethora of oxidative DNA base damages produced during normal oxidative metabolism and which have been associated with cancer and aging. Thus far, only one oxidized pyrimidine-specific DNA glycosylase has been identified in humans, hNthl. Here, we report the identification of three new putative human DNA glycosylases that are phylogenetically members of the Fpg/Nei family primarily found in the bacterial kingdom. We have characterized one of these, hNEI1, and show it to be functionally homologous to bacterial Nei, that is, its principal substrates are oxidized pyrimidines, it undergoes a lyase reaction by, beta,delta-elimination and traps a Schiff base with a substrate containing thymine glycol (Tg). Furthermore, inactivation of active site residues shown to be important in Escherichia coli Nei inactivate the human enzyme. The hNEI1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 15 that is frequently deleted in human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, The University of Vermont, Stafford Hall, 95 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA.
authors.forename: Viswanath
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bandaru
authors.forename: Sirisha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunkara
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; D043224:Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; D043224:Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D043382:DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; C468610:DNA-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase, E coli