title: Vitamin C augments lymphocyte glutathione in subjects with ascorbate deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ascorbate and glutathione play central roles in the defense against free radicals and oxidants that are implicated in chronic diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine the ability of vitamin C supplements to modulate the concentration of glutathione in human lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of vitamin C supplements was determined in a sequential study with time points before supplementation, after 13 wk of vitamin C supplements (500 or 1000 mg/d), and after 13 wk of matching placebo. The supplementation group was selected on the basis of low plasma ascorbate (<33 mmol/L) and consisted of 48 healthy men and women, smokers and nonsmokers, aged 25-64 y. Ascorbate and glutathione were measured in purified lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the mean (+/-SD) concentration of plasma ascorbate was 19.5 +/- 7.2 micro mol/L, 22.5 micro mol/L below the median of normal distribution. The ascorbate concentration in plasma was linearly associated with that in lymphocytes (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). On supplementation with vitamin C, lymphocyte ascorbate increased by 51% (from 16.7 +/- 4.9 to 25.3 +/- 6.9 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.001) and was accompanied by an increase of lymphocyte glutathione by 18% (from 22.5 +/- 4.5 to 26.6 +/- 6.5 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.001). After placebo, the ascorbate and glutathione concentrations fell to near baseline concentrations (17.1 +/- 5.4 and 23.5 +/- 6.4 nmol/mg protein, respectively). No significant interaction was observed for sex and smoking status. Finally, the changes in lymphocyte ascorbate after supplementation were strongly associated with changes in lymphocyte glutathione (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). The association suggests that every 1-mol change in ascorbate is accompanied by a change of approximately 0.5 mol in glutathione.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin C supplements increase glutathione in human lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lenton
authors.forename: Alain T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sané
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Therriault
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cantin
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Payette
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001206:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid