title: Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.
authors.affiliation: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhartiya
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Nihar R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Sudarshan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khokhar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002230:Carbidopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D002230:Carbidopa