title: Depressive symptoms among amphetamine and cocaine users before and after substance abuse treatment.
abstract: This study examined whether higher rates of depressive symptoms among amphetamine compared with cocaine users result from amphetamine use itself, polydrug use, or experiencing a major lifetime depressive episode and whether depressive symptoms among amphetamine users are more likely to persist 12 months after treatment. The association between amphetamine use and depressive symptoms disappears when controlling for polydrug use and lifetime major depressive episode. Polydrug use and lifetime depressive episode are significantly related to depressive symptoms in the year preceding treatment. Amphetamine use at intake does not predict depressive symptoms among individuals who are abstinent at follow-up, and amphetamine users are no more likely than cocaine users to report depression at a 12-month follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Drug Policy Research Center, RAND, 1700 Main Street. P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA. riehman@rand.org
authors.forename: Kara S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Riehman
authors.forename: Martin Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: M Douglas
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Anglin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012494:Sampling Studies