title: Anoikis: roadblock to cell transplantation?
abstract: Cell therapy, in particular liver cell transplantation, holds great therapeutic potential and is partially hindered by the high rate of apoptosis during cell isolation, cryopreservation, and engraftment. Apoptosis occurring due to cell detachment from the extracellular matrix is a phenomenon termed "anoikis." The purpose of this review is to describe signaling mechanisms pertinent to anoikis in both immortalized cell lines, but particularly in primary normal epithelial cells. The mechanisms described include integrin signaling and survival molecules, caspase activation, and the role of mitochondrial proteins in anoikis. Strategies to prevent anoikis during isolation and cryopreservation of hepatocytes are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Weizmann 6, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zvibel
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smets
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soriano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D020169:Caspases