title: Angiopoietin-1 is expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the potential role of the angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in inflammatory arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen synovial tissue samples were obtained from 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared with six synovial tissue samples from six patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Ang-1 expression in synovial tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Ang-1 mRNA and protein expression were also examined by northern blot analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cultured synovial fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) before and after treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ang-1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 16/18 RA synovial tissue samples. Ang-1 protein was frequently observed in the synovial lining layer and in cells within the sublining synovial tissue, in both perivascular areas and in areas remote from vessels. In contrast, Ang-1 was only weakly detected in these sites in OA samples. Ang-1 mRNA and protein were also expressed in cultured synovial fibroblasts derived from patients with RA. In addition, induction of Ang-1 mRNA and protein was observed by northern blot analysis and ELISA after stimulation of RA synovial fibroblasts, but not HUVECs, with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ang-1 mRNA and protein are expressed in the synovium of patients with RA, and are up regulated in synovial fibroblasts by TNF alpha. Ang-1 may therefore be an important regulator of angiogenesis in inflammatory arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gravallese
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pettit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goldring
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldring
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oettgen
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D046508:Culture Techniques; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C467630:ANGPT1 protein, human; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha