title: Spinal nerve injury activates prostaglandin synthesis in the spinal cord that contributes to early maintenance of tactile allodynia.
abstract: To determine if spinal prostaglandins (PG) contribute to tactile allodynia, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with either intrathecal (i.t.) microdialysis or drug delivery catheters 3 days before tight ligation of the left lumber 5/6 spinal nerves. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) were determined using von Frey filaments. Ligated rats developed tactile allodynia within 24h, as evidenced by a decrease in PWT in the affected hindpaw (<4 g vs. >15 g control). Sham-operated controls were unchanged from baseline (>15 g). Allodynia was also characterized by a significant increase in the evoked release of PGE(2). Thus, brushing the plantar surface of the affected hindpaw with a cotton-tipped applicator, 5 days postligation, increased the [PGE(2)](dialysate) to 199+/-34% of the prestimulus control period. In contrast, brushing had no detectable effect on release before surgery or in sham-operated animals. Basal release (no brushing) was similar before and after surgery (sham-operated and ligated rats). In a separate group of rats and beginning 2 days after ligation, the acute i.t. injection of S(+)-ibuprofen, SC-51322, SC-236, or SC-560 significantly reversed allodynia (maximum effect=69+/-9, 66+/-6, 57+/-4, 20+/-5%, respectively). R(-)-ibuprofen or vehicle were without effect. The results of this study suggest that: (a). spinal PG synthesis and allodynia-like behaviour are triggered by normally innocuous brushing after spinal nerve ligation; (b). pharmacological disruption of this cascade significantly reverses allodynia; (c). COX-2 is the relevant isozyme; and (d). the PG effect is mediated by spinal EP receptors.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada NF, A1B 3V6.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hefferan
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Loomis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017551:Microdialysis; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000378:metabolism*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000293:injuries*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014110:Touch; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C119130:4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C115461:SC 560; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat