title: Neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (NOR-1) modulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
abstract: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation play a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. However, the transcription factors that regulate VSMC activation are not completely characterized. By a mRNA-differential display approach, we have identified neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (NOR-1), a transcription factor within the NGFI-B subfamily of nuclear receptors, as a immediate-early gene in VSMCs. Two NOR-1 isoforms (alpha and beta) were identified and cloned from serum-induced porcine VSMC that shared high homology with the human isoforms. Northern blot analysis revealed a strong and transient (1 to 6 hours) upregulation of NOR-1 in both porcine and human coronary SMCs by growth factors (serum, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and epidermal growth factor) and alpha-thrombin but not by cytokines. NOR-1 upregulation is processed through G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, and involves Ca2+ mobilization, protein kinase C activation, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This induction was closely dependent of the cAMP response elements present in NOR-1 promoter as transfection assays indicate. Human coronary atherosclerotic lesions overexpress NOR-1, and balloon angioplasty transiently induces NOR-1 in porcine coronary arteries with a pattern similar to that observed in VSMCs in culture. Antisense oligonucleotides against NOR-1 inhibited human coronary SMC proliferation (reduced de novo DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and VSMC wound repair) as efficiently as antisense against the protooncogene c-fos. These results show that NOR-1 modulates VSMC proliferation, and suggest that this transcription factor may play a role in both spontaneous and accelerated atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Cardiovascular de Barcelona, CSIC-ICCC-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rius
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castelló
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cases-Langhoff
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D008934:Mitogens; C539821:NR4A1 protein, human; C490412:NR4A3 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C539818:Nr4a1 protein, mouse; C490411:Nr4a3 protein, mouse; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013917:Thrombin