title: Pathologic review of atypical hyperplasia identified by image-guided breast needle core biopsy.   Correlation with excision specimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of breast needle core biopsies diagnosed as atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ is controversial. Current recommendations involve excisional biopsy to rule out ductal carcinoma in situ and/or invasive carcinoma, which have been reported in more than 50% of cases in some series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine how frequently these diagnoses made on needle core biopsy are ultimately found to represent in situ or invasive carcinoma based on excisional biopsy specimens, in order to identify predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand eight hundred thirty-six image-guided needle core biopsies were performed between January 1, 1995 and May 1, 2001. Fifty-four (2.9%) patients diagnosed with atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 36), atypical lobular hyperplasia (n = 12), atypical ductal hyperplasia + atypical lobular hyperplasia (n = 3), or lobular carcinoma in situ (n = 3) subsequently underwent breast excisions. Pathologic features were reviewed in each of the needle core biopsies using Page's criteria and were then correlated with excision specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Review of the needle core biopsy cases with either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma + ductal carcinoma in situ on final excision showed that nucleoli were evident in most of the needle core cases, with foci of nuclear pleomorphism and individual cell necrosis or apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A more precise diagnosis can be made by using strict criteria for atypical ductal hyperplasia versus ductal carcinoma in situ on needle core biopsy. Cytologic atypia, even if in a small area, particularly when there is apoptosis/individual cell necrosis, correlates with the finding of a more serious lesion on excision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, USA. yehi@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: I-Tien
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Morton S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kahlenberg
authors.forename: Anatolio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008327:Mammography