title: Effect of soy protein isolate and conjugated linoleic acid on the growth of Dunning R-3327-AT-1 rat prostate tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic and animal model studies suggest that consumption of soy isoflavones may be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PC). In addition, animal model studies suggest that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a natural positional isomer of linoleic acid, inhibits tumor growth in various models, including models of PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the above-mentioned data, the objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that supplementation of the diet with combinations of isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate and CLA would act to inhibit the growth of androgen-independent R-3327-AT-1 rat prostate tumor cells inoculated ectopically into male Copenhagen rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study indicate that neither an isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate (SPI), nor CLA inhibit the in vivo growth and development of prostate tumor cells when administered in the diet either singly or in combination. Moreover, at the highest concentrations SPI and CLA (i.e., 20% SPI, 1% CLA), there was a statistically significant increase in tumors volume over controls. Administration of SPI at 10% in the diet also enhanced tumor growth, whereas at 5%, SPI exerted no measurable effect. CLA administration alone had no observable effects on AT-1 tumor growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results, in an established rat model, suggest caution in using isoflavone-rich SPI in human studies involving advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer until further investigation of these effects are completed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Endocrinology, Institute for Cancer Prevention, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA. lcohen@ifcp.us
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scimeca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D019787:Linoleic Acid