The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.
Chromosome 14 is one of five acrocentric chromosomes in the human genome. These chromosomes are characterized by a heterochromatic short arm that contains essentially ribosomal RNA genes, and a euchromatic long arm in which most, if not all, of the protein-coding genes are located. The finished sequence of human chromosome 14 comprises 87,410,661 base pairs, representing 100% of its euchromatic portion, in a single continuous segment covering the entire long arm with no gaps. Two loci of crucial importance for the immune system, as well as more than 60 disease genes, have been localized so far on chromosome 14. We identified 1,050 genes and gene fragments, and 393 pseudogenes. On the basis of comparisons with other vertebrate genomes, we estimate that more than 96% of the chromosome 14 genes have been annotated. From an analysis of the CpG island occurrences, we estimate that 70% of these annotated genes are complete at their 5' end.
Heilig
Roland
R
Genoscope-Centre National de Séquençage, 91000, Evry, France. heilig@genoscope.cns.fr
Eckenberg
Ralph
R
Petit
Jean-Louis
JL
Fonknechten
Núria
N
Da Silva
Corinne
C
Cattolico
Laurence
L
Levy
Michaël
M
Barbe
Valérie
V
de Berardinis
Véronique
V
Ureta-Vidal
Abel
A
Pelletier
Eric
E
Vico
Virginie
V
Anthouard
Véronique
V
Rowen
Lee
L
Madan
Anup
A
Qin
Shizhen
S
Sun
Hui
H
Du
Hui
H
Pepin
Kymberlie
K
Artiguenave
François
F
Robert
Catherine
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Corinne
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Brüls
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Jaillon
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O
Friedlander
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Samson
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P
Cure
Susan
S
Ségurens
Béatrice
B
Anière
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Samain
Sylvie
S
Crespeau
Hervé
H
Abbasi
Nissa
N
Aiach
Nathalie
N
Boscus
Didier
D
Dickhoff
Rachel
R
Dors
Monica
M
Dubois
Ivan
I
Friedman
Cynthia
C
Gouyvenoux
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M
James
Rose
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Madan
Anuradha
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Mairey-Estrada
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Mangenot
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Martins
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N
Ménard
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M
Oztas
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S
Ratcliffe
Amber
A
Shaffer
Tristan
T
Trask
Barbara
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Vacherie
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B
Bellemere
Chadia
C
Belser
Caroline
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Besnard-Gonnet
Marielle
M
Bartol-Mavel
Delphine
D
Boutard
Magali
M
Briez-Silla
Stéphanie
S
Combette
Stephane
S
Dufossé-Laurent
Virginie
V
Ferron
Carolyne
C
Lechaplais
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C
Louesse
Claudine
C
Muselet
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D
Magdelenat
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G
Pateau
Emilie
E
Petit
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E
Sirvain-Trukniewicz
Peggy
P
Trybou
Arnaud
A
Vega-Czarny
Nathalie
N
Bataille
Elodie
E
Bluet
Elodie
E
Bordelais
Isabelle
I
Dubois
Maria
M
Dumont
Corinne
C
Guérin
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T
Haffray
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S
Hammadi
Rachid
R
Muanga
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J
Pellouin
Virginie
V
Robert
Dominique
D
Wunderle
Edith
E
Gauguet
Gilbert
G
Roy
Alice
A
Sainte-Marthe
Laurent
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Verdier
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Verdier-Discala
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C
Hillier
LaDeana
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Fulton
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McPherson
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Matsuda
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Wilson
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Scarpelli
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C
Gyapay
Gábor
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Wincker
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Saurin
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Quétier
Francis
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Waterston
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L
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J
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D022201:Chromosomes, Artificial / Q000235:genetics; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal