title: [Normal values of several acetabular angles on hip radiographs obtained from individuals living in the Eskişehir region].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the normal values of several radiographic acetabular angles in individuals of Eskişehir region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The acetabular index (AI) angle, acetabular angle (AA) of Sharp and the ACM angle were measured in 1162 normal hips (n=581, 251 males, 330 females; mean age 33 years; range 5 to 75 years). For AI angle, Hilgenreiner's line and the line connecting the lower end points of the sclerotic lines of the acetabular roofs were used for reference in subjects between five to 11 years with an open Y cartilage and in those with closed Y cartilage, respectively. AA and ACM angles were measured by the same method in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean AI angle between 5-11 years was 12.9+/-4.5 degrees; the upper normal limit for the Hilgenreiner's AI angle was derived as 22 degrees. The mean AI angle above age 11 was 3.3+/-4.7 degrees and the upper normal limit for the AI angle defined by Tönnis after age 11 was found as 13 degrees. Significant linear correlations were found between the AI angle and age for 5-11 years (p=0.002) and above 11 years (p=0.001), respectively. The mean AA angle was 39.2+/-4.6 degrees. There was a significant linear correlation between the AA angle and age (p=0.001). The upper limits for the AA angle in normal juvenile, adolescent, and adult hips were found as 52 degrees, 49 degrees, and 45 degrees, respectively. The mean ACM angle was 41.9+/-3.3 degrees. A significant linear correlation was observed between the ACM angle and age (p=0.001). The upper limit for the ACM angle in normal hips was assessed as 49 degrees in all age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors of this study propose that the normal limits of acetabular angles obtained from our own population be used as reference values in interpreting standard radiographs of the hip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali), Medicine Faculty of Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskişehir, Turkey. aozcelik@ogu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozçelik
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omeroğlu
authors.forename: Ulukan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Inan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seber
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D005270:Femur Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values