title: Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of secondary progressive MS with interferon beta-1b.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between neutralizing antibodies (NAB) and disease progression, relapses, and MR measures of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequential serum samples from all 718 patients of the European Study Group in Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS were analyzed to investigate relations between NAB and disease progression, relapses, and MR measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study showed no attenuating effect of NAB development on progression in disability. The effects of NAB on relapse rate showed substantial variation, depending on the statistical approach and definition of positivity, though analyses comparing low- and high-NAB+ periods with NAB- periods suggested a titer-related effect. MR T2 lesion volume changes from baseline were significantly higher for NAB+ patients but remained lower than for placebo patients. A substantial proportion of NAB+ patients became NAB-. No untoward effect of NAB development on safety was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the conclusion that even though high NAB titers appear to have impact on treatment efficacy with respect to relapses, treatment decisions should be based primarily on clinical grounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ch.polman@vumc.nl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dahlke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petkau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012698:Serologic Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a