title: Cephalometric norms for the Chinese: a compilation of existing data.
abstract: The intention of this paper is to compile Chinese cephalometric norms for a more objective orthodontic diagnosis of Chinese patients so that their orthodontic treatment may be better planned. Studies on cephalometric norms of Chinese and subjects of Chinese descent were reviewed. Some important studies were available only in the Chinese journals and they were especially procured and translated for this purpose. A normal range of anteroposterior apical base differences, concomitant nterincisal inclinations and locations, were derived from different Chinese groups and were tabulated. The differences between Chinese and Caucasian norms are discussed. A distinctive craniofacial and dental pattern of the people of Chinese origin was found and is reflected in the cephalometric measurements. Compared with Caucasian norms, Chinese norms have skeletal, dental and soft-tissue variations. The Chinese have a shorter cranial base and a larger ANB. The Chinese dentition demonstrates greater bimaxillary-alveolar protrusion, with a decreased interincisal angle. The Chinese soft-tissue profile shows a less prominent nose, with a less obtuse nasolabial angle, and more protrusive lips.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moate
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darendeliler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000175:diagnosis; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D044465:White People