title: Retinopathy of prematurity and other ocular problems in premature infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and other ocular problems in a population of preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included all infants with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and birth weight (BW) <1500 g cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of nine years (1992-2000). Ophthalmological examination was started the 4th week of life and included refractive examination, examination of the cornea and funduscopy under mydriasis. An ocular motility test was done after the 2nd month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 194 infants. Stage I and II retinopathy occurred in 51 infants but regressed spontaneously. Five of the 194 (2.5%) had to undergo cryopexy. Optic disc atrophy was observed in association with peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIIVH) (grade IV) in seven infants. Fifteen infants (7.7%) had retinal hemorrhages which were absorbed by three months of age. Almost 20% of the study infants developed high refractive errors and 13.4% strabismus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only retinopathy of prematurity, but other serious ocular problems were observed in this population of preterm infants. The role of PIIVH III-IV in the pathogenesis of certain ocular problems needs further elucidation.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Clinic, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Asproudis
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Andronikou
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hotoura
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kalogeropoulos
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Kitsos
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Psilas
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery; D005865:Gestational Age; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology*