title: Osmotic properties of poly(ethylene glycols): quantitative features of brush and bulk scaling laws.
abstract: From glycosylated cell surfaces to sterically stabilized liposomes, polymers attached to membranes attract biological and therapeutic interest. Can the scaling laws of polymer "brushes" describe the physical properties of these coats? We delineate conditions where the Alexander-de Gennes theory of polymer brushes successfully fits the intermembrane distance versus applied osmotic stress data of Kenworthy et al. for poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted multilamellar liposomes. We establish that the polymer density and size in the brush must be high enough that, in a bulk solution of equivalent monomer density, the polymer osmotic pressure is independent of polymer molecular weight (the des Cloizeaux semidilute regime of bulk polymer solutions). The condition that attached polymers behave as semidilute bulk solutions offers a rigorous criterion for brush scaling-law behavior. There is a deep connection between the behaviors of semidilute polymer solutions in bulk and polymers grafted to a surface at a density such that neighbors pack to form a uniform brush. In this regime, two-parameter unconstrained fits of the Alexander-de Gennes brush scaling laws to the Kenworthy et al. data yield effective monomer lengths of 3.3-3.6 A, which agree with structural predictions. The fitted distances between grafting sites are larger than expected from the nominal mole fraction of poly(ethylene glycol)-lipids; the chains apparently saturate the surface. Osmotic stress measurements can be used to estimate the actual densities of membrane-grafted polymers.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical and Structural Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-5626, USA.
authors.forename: Per Lyngs
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podgornik
authors.forename: V Adrian
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Parsegian
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008560:Membrane Fluidity; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008871:Microvilli / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols