title: Relationship between steroid hormone contraceptives and HPV, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma.
abstract: Available data demonstrate an increase in the transcription of high-risk papillomaviruses by the 16alpha-hydroxylation of estrogens, which is in line with the epidemiologic data showing an increased cervical carcinogenesis risk for long-term contraceptive-using, HPV-infected women. No evidence exists for an increase in HPV-negative contraceptive users.
authors.affiliation: Division for the Characterization of Tumor Viruses, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany. e.devilliers@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Ethel-Michele
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Villiers
mesh_terms: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens