title: The relationship between aortic wall distensibility and rupture of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A more accurate means of prediction of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture would improve the clinical and cost effectiveness of prophylactic repair. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AAA wall distensibility can be used to predict time to rupture independently of other recognized risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, six-center study of 210 patients with AAA in whom blood pressure (BP), maximum AAA diameter (Dmax), and AAA distensibility (pressure strain elastic modulus [Ep] and stiffness [beta]) were measured at 6 months with an ultrasound scan-based echo-tracking technique. A stepwise, time-dependent, Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect on time to rupture of age, gender, BP, Dmax, BP, Ep, beta, and change in Dmax, Ep, and beta adjusted for time between follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median (interquartile range) AAA diameter was 48 mm (41 to 54 mm), median age was 72 years (68 to 77 years), and median follow-up period was 19 months (9 to 30 months). In the Cox model, female gender (hazards ratio [HR], 2.78; 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.28; P =.014), larger Dmax (HR, 1.36 for 10% increase in Dmax; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.66; P =.002), higher diastolic BP (HR, 1.13 for 10% increase in BP; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.92; P =.004), and a decrease in Ep (increase in distensibility) over time (HR, 1.38 for 10% decrease in Ep over 6 months; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.78; P =.010) significantly reduced the time to rupture (had a shorter time to rupture).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women have a shorter time to AAA rupture. The measurement of AAA distensibility, diastolic BP, and diameter may provide a more accurate assessment of rupture risk than diameter alone.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Unit, University Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, the Medical Statistics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: F Gerry R
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Fowkes
authors.forename: C Vaughan
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ruckley
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bradbury
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors