title: Myocardial scarring in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to ascertain whether myocardial scarring occurs in living unselected patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myocardial scarring is known to occur in select HCM patients, who were highly symptomatic prior to death or who died suddenly. The majority of HCM patients, however, are minimally symptomatic and have not suffered sudden death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cine and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 21 HCM patients who were predominantly asymptomatic. Gadolinium hyperenhancement was assumed to represent myocardial scar, and the extent of scar was compared to left ventricular (LV) morphology and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scarring was present in 17 patients (81%). Scarring occurred only in hypertrophied regions (> or =10 mm), was patchy with multiple foci, and predominantly involved the middle third of the ventricular wall. All 17 patients had scarring at the junction of the interventricular septum and the right ventricular (RV) free wall. On a regional basis, the extent of scarring correlated positively with wall thickness (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001), and inversely with wall thickening (r = -0.21, p < 0.0001). On a per patient basis, the extent of scarring (mean, 8 +/- 9% of LV mass) was minimally related to maximum wall thickness (r = 0.40, p = 0.07) and LV mass (r = 0.33, p = 0.15), and correlated inversely with ejection fraction (r = -0.46, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial scarring is common in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic HCM patients who have not suffered sudden death. When present, scarring occurs in hypertrophied regions, is consistently localized to the junctions of the septum and RV free wall, and correlates positively with regional hypertrophy and inversely with regional contraction.
authors.affiliation: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahrholdt
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Klocke
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bonow
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology