title: Delay in seeking medical care for self-detected breast symptoms in New Zealand women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the extent of patient delay in new patients with self-detected breast symptoms referred to a specialist breast clinic. To examine the association between delay and sociodemographic factors, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), how the breast symptom was discovered, and personal experience of breast cancer in family and friends.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty five women referred to the South Auckland Health Breast Clinic completed a questionnaire and interview after arrival at the clinic and prior to their consultation with the medical specialist. Delay was measured as the time interval between initial self-detection of a breast symptom and first contact with a general practitioner (GP) for evaluation of the symptom. Analysis of patient characteristics and delay time was conducted using Pearson product moment correlations, t-test for independent samples and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) where appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median delay time between initial breast symptom detection and seeing a GP was 14 days. Of the total sample of 85 women, 40% had seen their doctor within 7 days, 52% within 14 days, 69% within 30 days, and 14% had waited over 90 days. Delay time was not significantly associated with any sociodemographic factors. No difference in delay time was found between the ethnic groups of European, Maori or Pacific women. No difference in delay was shown between those women who performed regular BSE and those who did not. However, women who discovered their breast symptom by chance or through BSE had a shorter delay time than women experiencing breast pain. Although experience of a friend or family member with breast cancer was not significantly associated with delay, there was a trend for women who had a family member with breast cancer to have a longer delay time before seeing their GP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first in New Zealand to investigate the extent of patient delay for women with self-detected breast symptoms and the factors influencing this delay. The majority of women saw their doctor within one month of self-detection of a breast symptom, however 14% delayed over three months before seeing their GP. Women who had a family member with breast cancer tended to respond to their breast symptom by delaying seeking medical attention, suggesting that risk perceptions of developing breast cancer may influence delay times in seeking medical help. Results from this study are taken from women referred by their GP to a specialist breast clinic. Certainly, further clarification of the factors that influence delay involving broader patient groups is vital to the development of public education initiatives aiming to encourage women to seek prompt medical evaluation of breast symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meechan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D016353:Self-Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors