title: Tracheal respiration in insects visualized with synchrotron x-ray imaging.
abstract: Insects are known to exchange respiratory gases in their system of tracheal tubes by using either diffusion or changes in internal pressure that are produced through body motion or hemolymph circulation. However, the inability to see inside living insects has limited our understanding of their respiration mechanisms. We used a synchrotron beam to obtain x-ray videos of living, breathing insects. Beetles, crickets, and ants exhibited rapid cycles of tracheal compression and expansion in the head and thorax. Body movements and hemolymph circulation cannot account for these cycles; therefore, our observations demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism of respiration in insects analogous to the inflation and deflation of vertebrate lungs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. mwestneat@fieldmuseum.org
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Westneat
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Blob
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fezzaa
authors.forename: W James
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Wah-Keat
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004058:Diffusion; D005426:Flight, Animal; D006135:Gryllidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D007313:Insecta / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion; D010100:Oxygen; D011312:Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013909:Thorax / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D013990:Tidal Volume; D014132:Trachea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014741:Video Recording; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen