title: Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men (AIR study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypothetically the atherogenic effect of the metabolic syndrome may be mediated through the increased occurrence of small LDL-particles which are easily modified to atherogenic oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The aim of this study was to test this concept by examining the association between circulating ox-LDL, LDL-particle size, and the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A population-based sample of clinically healthy 58-year-old men (n = 391) was recruited. Ox-LDL was measured by ELISA (specific monoclonal antibody, mAb-4E6) and LDL-particle size by gradient gel electrophoresis. The results showed that ox-LDL significantly correlated to factors constituting the metabolic syndrome; triglycerides (r = 0.43), plasma insulin (r = 0.20), body mass index (r = 0.20), waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.21) and HDL (r = -0.24); (P < 0.001). Ox-LDL correlated also to LDL-particle size (r = -0.42), Apo-B (r = 0.70), LDL (r = 0.65); (P < 0.001) and, furthermore, with Apo A-1 (r = -0.13) and heart rate (r = 0.13); (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolic syndrome was accompanied by high plasma ox-LDL concentrations compared with those without the syndrome. Ox-LDL levels were associated with most of the risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome and was, in addition related to small LDL-particle size. To our knowledge the present study is the first one to demonstrate that circulating ox-LDL levels are associated with small LDL-particle size in a population representative sample of clinically healthy middle-aged men. The high degree of intercorrelation amongst several factors makes it difficult to clarify the independent role of any specific factor.
authors.affiliation: Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. vilborg@wlab.wall.gu.se
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulthe
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein