title: Analysis of the three-dimensional tongue shape using a three-index factor analysis model.
abstract: Three-dimensional tongue shape during vowel production is analyzed using the three-mode PARAFAC (parallel factors) model. Three-dimensional MRI images of five speakers (9 vowels) are analyzed. Sixty-five virtual fleshpoints (13 segments along the rostral-caudal dimension and 5 segments along the right-left direction) are chosen based on the interpolated tongue shape images. Methods used to adjust the alignment of MRI images, to set up the fleshpoints, and to measure the position of the fleshpoints are presented. PARAFAC analysis of this 3D coordinate data results in a stable two-factor solution that explains about 70% of the variance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa-Johnson
authors.forename: Shamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pizza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003196:Computer Graphics; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D012016:Reference Values; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology