title: Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus throughout a coordinated sequence of events during warm weather.
abstract: Mechanical transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) throughout a coordinated sequence of events that replicated common farm worker behavior during warm weather (10 degrees C to 16 degrees C) was assessed using a field-based model. The model involved fomites (boots and containers), vehicle sanitation, transport, and personnel movement. In a previous study, the model successfully demonstrated mechanical transmission of PRRSV in 8 out of 10 replicates during cold weather. A field strain of PRRSV was inoculated into carriers consisting of soil samples, which were adhered to the undercarriage of a vehicle. The vehicle was driven approximately 50 km to a commercial truck washing facility where the driver's boots contacted the carriers during washing, introducing the virus to the vehicle interior. The vehicle was then driven 50 km to a simulated farm site, and the driver's boots mechanically spread virus into the farm anteroom. Types of containers frequently employed in swine farms contacted drippings from the footwear on the anteroom floor. The truck wash floor, vehicle cab floor mats, boot soles, anteroom floor, and the ventral surface of containers were sampled to track the virus throughout the model. Ten replicates were conducted, along with sham-inoculated controls, and control replicates. In 2 replicates, infectious PRRSV was detected on the anteroom floor and in 1 replicate, infectious PRRSV was detected on the surface of the container by swine bioassay. All sham-inoculated controls and protocol controls were negative. These results indicate that mechanical transmission of PRRSV throughout a coordinated sequence of events in warm weather can occur, but in contrast to data from studies conducted during cold weather, it appears to be a relatively infrequent event.
authors.affiliation: Swine Disease Eradication Center, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. deexx004@umn.edu
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dee
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deen
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eliason
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: Han Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pijoan
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D008910:Minnesota; D008954:Models, Biological; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000635:transmission*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012621:Seasons; D012775:Shoes; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles