title: Afterload reduction therapy in patients following intraatrial baffle operation for transposition of the great arteries.
abstract: Patients with intraatrial baffle procedure for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) have diastolic dysfunction, decreased exercise capacity, stroke volume response and elevated systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during exercise. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors improve exercise capacity in adults with congestive heart failure by improving diastolic function and decreasing SVR. We tested the hypothesis that ACE inhibitors decrease SVR and improve exercise capacity in patients after intraatrial baffle procedure for TGA. We studied the effects of enalapril in nine patients with TGA s/p intraatrial switch (mean age, 13.8 +/- 3 years) 7 to 21 years (mean, 12 +/- 4 years) after intraatrial baffle procedure. Enalapril (0.5 mg/kg/day, maximum dosage 20 mg bid) was administered for 12 months. Patients exercised using a cycle ergometer ramp protocol (0.25 W/kg/min) before enalapril (baseline), 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment initiation. Heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2), total exercise time, work, and power were measured. SVR, cardiac index, and stroke volume index (SVI) were calculated. Two-tailed paired Student's t-test was used to compare data to those of normal control patients and the patients' baseline data. Patients had lower resting heart rate, cardiac index, maximum heart rate, cardiac index (CI), SVI, VO2, exercise time, work, and power and higher maximal SVR at baseline compared to normal control patients. There was no significant difference in total exercise time, work, power, VO2 (rest/peak), SVR, SVI, and CI after 12 months of therapy compared to patients' baseline values. We conclude that short-term (<1 year) use of enalapril does not improve exercise performance in patients with TGA in whom the intraatrial baffle procedure has been performed.
authors.affiliation: St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Heart Center for Children, Erie at Front Street, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokoloski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eshaghpour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers