title: Does antigen-specific cytokine response correlate with the experience of oculorespiratory syndrome after influenza vaccine?
abstract: During the 2000-2001 season in Canada, a newly identified oculorespiratory syndrome (ORS) was observed in patients after immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. ORS was associated with a high proportion of microaggregates of unsplit virions in the implicated vaccine and had clinical features suggesting delayed-onset hypersensitivity. We explore the association between in vitro cytokine balance (type 1 vs. type 2) and clinical ORS after influenza vaccination. We report the balance of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-5, and IL-13 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) among unvaccinated, vaccinated ORS-affected, and vaccinated ORS-unaffected persons after in vitro challenge with implicated and nonimplicated vaccines. Antigen-stimulated PBMC from vaccinated persons produced significantly more IFN-gamma than did those from unvaccinated persons. There was a statistically significant type 2 polarization among unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons. Although vaccinated ORS-affected individuals had less of a type 1 basis than did vaccinated unaffected individuals, this difference was not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Epidemiology Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. danuta.skowronski@bccdc.ca
authors.forename: Danuta M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Skowronski
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warrington
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Serres
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: HayGlass
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macnabb
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brunham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D002170:Canada; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated