title: The interaction of glass-ionomer cements containing vinylphosphonic acid with water and aqueous lactic acid.
abstract: A glass-ionomer cement containing an acrylic acid/vinyl phosphonic acid copolymer, has been investigated for its interaction with water and with aqueous lactic acid and the results compared with those from conventional glass-ionomers based on polyacrylic acid. Cylindrical specimens (12 mm high x 6 mm diameter) were placed in 8 cm3 of aqueous lactic acid (20 mmol dm(-3); pH 2.7) for 1 week, at the end of which the pH was determined. Each specimen was then placed in a fresh 8 cm3 volume of lactic acid and the pH determined after a further week. This procedure was continued for a total of 13 weeks for each specimen. Experiments were also carried out on similar specimens exposed to 8 cm3 of water for 1 week only. Further experiments were carried out in which discs of cement were exposed to thin films (0.15 mm) of lactic acid at pH 4.5, with pH values determined at 30 s, 1, 2, 5 and 10 min. After 1 week, cements had changed the pH of the lactic acid to a mean value of 3.63 (SD 0.08) while in weeks 2-13 they changed it to a mean value of 3.31 (SD 0.11). After 1 week in aqueous lactic acid the cements had gained mass by a mean of 1.26% (SD 0.59%) compared with 1.22% (SD 0.14%) in water. After 13 weeks in lactic acid, cements had lost a mean of 2.83% (SD 0.74%) in mass. Thin films of aqueous lactic acid changed from pH 4.5-5.1 at 30 s and to a steady value of 5.6 (SD 0.3) between 2 and 10 min. These results were similar to those for conventional glass-ionomer cements based on carboxylic acid polymers. Hence, it was concluded that the presence of the vinylphosphonic acid units made no significant difference to the interaction of cements with aqueous solutions.
authors.affiliation: Dental Biomaterials Department, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Dental Institute, King's College London, UK. j.w.Nicholson@gre.ac.uk
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Limanowska-Shaw
mesh_terms: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D063065:Organophosphonates; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C433467:vinylphosphonic acid; D019344:Lactic Acid