title: Intraneural colchicine inhibition of adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vector remote spinal cord gene delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of remote viral gene delivery to the spinal cord is unknown. The present experiment demonstrates that intraneural injection of colchicine is capable of inhibiting remote delivery of both adenoviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, implicating axonal transport in this process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The right sciatic nerves of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 5) or 10 (n = 7) or 100 (n = 4) microg colchicine. Two days later, the nerves of all animals were initially injected with 1.2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of Ad5RSVntLac-Z. Two separate groups were injected concurrently with vector and PBS (n = 5) or 10 microg colchicine (n = 5). In a second experiment, the right sciatic nerves of CD1 mice were preinjected with PBS (n = 6) or 10 microg colchicine (n = 5). Two days later, the nerves were injected with rAAVCAG-EGFPwpre (an adeno-associated vector carrying the green fluorescent protein gene). In both experiments, sciatic nerves and spinal cords were removed and analyzed for gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sciatic nerve vector injection resulted in expression in both the nerve injection site and neuronal cell bodies located predominantly in the ipsilateral ventral horn. Analysis of variance revealed a significant treatment effect for 10 and 100 microg intraneural colchicine with inhibition of remote adenoviral delivery at 10 microg and blockade of remote delivery at 100 microg (P < 0.001). Colchicine injection concurrent with and before vector injection had similar inhibitory effects. Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant colchicine inhibition of remote delivery in both adenovirus- and AAV-injected animals (P < 0.003) but no dose-by-vector interaction, suggesting that both vectors are equally inhibited by colchicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colchicine inhibits remote spinal cord delivery of adeno-associated and adenoviral vectors in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that remote delivery is dependent on retrograde axonal transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. boulisn@ccf.org
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Boulis
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Willmarth
authors.forename: Debbie K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Eva L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Imperiale
mesh_terms: D017498:Adenovirus E1 Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000187:drug effects*; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008845:Microinjections; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017498:Adenovirus E1 Proteins; D003078:Colchicine