title: Drosophila matrix metalloproteinases are required for tissue remodeling, but not embryonic development.
abstract: The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is heavily implicated in many diseases, including cancer. The developmental functions of these genes are not clear, however, because the >20 mammalian MMPs can be functionally redundant. Drosophila melanogaster has only two MMPs, which are expressed in embryos in distinct patterns. We created mutations in both genes: Mmp1 mutants have defects in larval tracheal growth and pupal head eversion, and Mmp2 mutants have defects in larval tissue histolysis and epithelial fusion during metamorphosis; neither is required for embryonic development. Double mutants also complete embryogenesis, and these represent the first time, to our knowledge, that all MMPs have been disrupted in any organism. Thus, MMPs are not required for Drosophila embryonic development, but, rather, for tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. andrea@fruitfly.berkley.edu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Page-McCaw
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serano
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santé
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases