The complex matter of DNA double-strand break detection.
To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a yeast protein that functions early in DNA damage signalling, and MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1), a recently identified human protein that may be involved in recruiting the MRE11 complex to radiation-induced nuclear foci. We describe a model for the DNA damage response in which factors are recruited sequentially to sites of DNA damage to form complexes that can amplify the original signal and propagate it to the multitude of response pathways necessary for genome stability.
Bradbury
J M
JM
The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
Jackson
S P
SP
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C440014:LCD1 protein, S cerevisiae; C413163:MDC1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases