title: HIV-related lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence and outcome of patients with HIV-related lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with HIV-related lung cancer were identified from a prospective HIV data base of 8400 patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2001. Patients diagnosed with HIV-related lung cancer before 1996 were in the pre-HAART cohort whereas the remainder were in the post-HAART cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of HIV-related lung cancer in the pre- and post-HAART cohorts was compared with the age and sex-matched population of south east England. Clinicopathological features, treatments and outcomes were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of HIV-related lung cancer increased from 0.8 (95% CI 0.2-3.2)/10(5) patient-years follow-up in the pre-HAART era to 6.7 (95% CI 3.1-13.9)/10(5) patient-years follow-up in the post-HAART era. The age and sex-matched incidence of lung cancer in south east England was 0.75 (95% CI 0.63-0.87)/10(5) patient-years, suggesting that HIV-related lung cancer only occurred more frequently in the post-HAART era (relative risk 8.93, 95% CI 4.92-19.98). The patient characteristics and outcomes were similar in the pre- and post-HAART eras, although the time interval between testing HIV positive and developing HIV-related lung cancer was longer in post-HAART patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study HIV-related lung cancer occurred more frequently in the post-HAART era, when compared with the HIV-negative population. Unfortunately, the outcome of these patients remains poor despite HAART.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK. m.bower@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Powles
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Pallav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Sundhiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandelia
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gazzard
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors