title: Partially purified Grammostola spatulata venom inhibits stretch activated calcium signaling in bladder myocytes and improves bladder compliance in an in vitro rat whole bladder model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stretch activated nonselective cationic channels (SACs) are present in urinary bladder myocytes and thought to be activated during bladder filling. We investigated the relationship of stretch induced calcium signaling inhibition in bladder myocytes and bladder compliance modulation in an in vitro whole bladder model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grammostola spatulata venom (SpiderPharm, Yarnell, Arizona) was purified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The resulting fractions were examined for their ability to inhibit the swelling activated intracellular free Ca2+ signal in cultured bladder myocytes. An in vitro rat whole bladder model was used to examine the effect of venom fractions on compliance, emptying and spontaneous contractions during bladder filling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gadolinium ion, a SAC inhibitor, and venom fractions caused concentration dependent inhibition of the swelling activated intracellular free Ca2+ signal in bladder myocytes. When tested in a rat isolated whole bladder model, 0.1 and 0.2 mg./ml. partially purified venom produced a significant improvement in compliance (p <0.05), caused significant inhibition of the frequency of spontaneous bladder contractions (mean +/- SEM 35.8% +/- 3.7% and 62.3% +/- 4.4%, respectively, p </=0.001) and significantly reduced spontaneous bladder emptying, that is emptying in the absence of exogenous stimulation (38.8% +/- 5.6% and 43.9% +/- 2.5%, respectively, p </=0.0008). However, it produced little or no inhibition of carbachol induced bladder emptying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the activation of stretch induced signaling in bladder myocytes may have an important role in myogenic regulation of bladder contractility during bladder filling. Inhibition of SACs may improve bladder compliance.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tertyshnikova
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thalody
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lodge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003187:Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D013111:Spider Venoms