title: Role of endothelin-1 in osteoblastic bone metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Certain solid tumors metastasize to bone and cause an osteoblastic response. The mechanisms by which tumor cells stimulate this new bone formation are not completely understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors identified three breast cancer lines that cause osteoblastic metastases in female nude mice and provided evidence that tumor-produced endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates the osteoblastic response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor conditioned media, as well as exogenous ET-1, stimulated osteoblast proliferation and new bone formation in cultures of mouse calvariae. These effects were blocked by antagonists of the endothelin A (ET(A)), but not ET(B), receptors. Mice inoculated with the ZR-75-1 breast cancer line and treated with a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist (ABT-627) had significantly fewer osteoblastic bone metastases and less tumor burden compared with untreated mice. In contrast, there was no effect of ABT-627 on osteolytic bone metastases caused by ET-1-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB-231. ABT-627 had no effect on growth in vitro or at the orthotopic site of ZR-75-1 or MDA-MB-231 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, the data suggested that tumor-produced ET-1 mediates osteoblastic bone metastases by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and new bone formation. ET(A) receptor blockade may be useful for prevention and the treatment of osteoblastic bone metastases due to breast or prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA. tag4n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Guise
authors.forename: Juan Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Khalid S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mohammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A