title: Deaths associated with restraint use in health and social care in the UK. The results of a preliminary survey.
abstract: Many aspects of the management of acutely disturbed behaviour have only relatively recently come under systematic scrutiny. Perhaps regrettably one of the last amongst the range of strategies that may be employed to be subjected to rigorous examination has been physical restraint. Considerable debate has recently taken place around what represents good practice in this sensitive and controversial area but the continuing dearth of research in some aspects of this area of practice has meant that this discussion has arguably been over reliant on 'expert' opinion. Questions continue regarding some fundamental issues of restraint, including the relative risks involved in alternative approaches, and anxieties have been expressed about the potential for injuries and death to result from restraint. This article outlines the results of a survey that sought to explore the incidence of deaths associated with restraint in health and social care settings in the UK. The outcome of an initial analysis of the cases identified is then discussed, with reference to the literature on restraint-related deaths, in order to identify the implications for practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, UK. b.a.paterson@stir.ac.uk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saddler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leadbetter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006268:Health Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology