title: Isoflurane alters energy substrate metabolism to preserve mechanical function in isolated rat hearts following prolonged no-flow hypothermic storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoflurane enhances mechanical function in hearts subject to normothermic global or regional ischemia. The authors examined the effectiveness of isoflurane in preserving mechanical function in hearts subjected to cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic no-flow storage. The role of isoflurane in altering myocardial glucose metabolism during storage and reperfusion during these conditions and the contribution of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(atp)) channel activation in mediating the functional and metabolic effects of isoflurane preconditioning was determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to cardioplegic arrest with St. Thomas' II solution, hypothermic no-flow storage for 8 h, and subsequent aerobic reperfusion. The consequences of isoflurane treatment were assessed during the following conditions: (1) isoflurane exposure before and during storage; (2) brief isoflurane exposure during early nonworking poststorage reperfusion; and (3) isoflurane preconditioning before storage. The selective mitochondrial and sarcolemmal K(atp) channel antagonists, 5-hydroxydecanoate and HMR 1098, respectively, were used to assess the role of K(atp) channel activation on glycogen consumption during storage in isoflurane-preconditioned hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoflurane enhanced recovery of mechanical function if present before and during storage. Isoflurane preconditioning was also protective. Isoflurane reduced glycogen consumption during storage under the aforementioned circumstances. Storage of isoflurane-preconditioned hearts in the presence of 5-hydroxydecanoate prevented the reduction in glycogen consumption during storage and abolished the beneficial effect of isoflurane preconditioning on recovery of mechanical function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflurane provides additive protection of hearts subject to cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic no-flow storage and favorably alters energy substrate metabolism by modulating glycolysis during ischemia. The effects of isoflurane preconditioning on glycolysis during hypothermic no-flow storage appears to be associated with activation of mitochondrial K(atp) channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. bfinegan@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Finegan
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Legatt
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Clanachan
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D007530:Isoflurane; D005947:Glucose