title: [Properties and infiltration arts of machinable infiltration ceramic(MIC)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to explore the infiltration arts of MIC and study the effects of different packing density of Al2O3 matrix on the properties of MIC.
  
  
  METHODS
  alpha-Al2O3 specimens were fabricated by pouring alpha-Al2O3 slip with different powder/liquid ratios(P/L = 3.5, 7.5, 10.5) into a mold, and subsequently pre-fired at 1160 degrees C for 6 hours to form Al2O3 matrix. The packing density of the matrices were measured. Infiltration concepts were introduced into this study by infiltrating molten mica micro-crystalline glass into the porous Al2O3 matrix at 1160 degrees C for 6 hours to form a continuous interpenetrating composite. The composite then underwent micro-crystallization by nucleating at 550 degrees C for 1 hour and crystallizing at 900 degrees C for 1 hour, which resulted in the MIC. Mechanical properties including three point flexural strength, elastic modulus, Vicker's hardness, indentation fracture toughness and Weibull's modulus of flexural strength were determined. Parameters of machinability(H/KIC)2 of MIC were calculated. XRD and SEM were employed to study its microstructure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resulted matrices reached packing densities of 63%, 76%, 78% with P/L of 3.5, 7.5 and 10.5. The MIC attained high strength and good machinability after infiltration. Three-point flexural strength and indentation fracture toughness were 342, 431, 374 MPa and 4.05, 4.14, 5.02 MPa m1/2 for MIC with packing density of 63%, 76%, 78% separately. And parameters of machinability were 5.41, 6.84 and 7.39 respectively. Packing density of Al2O3 matrix significantly influenced the mechanical properties. Maximum properties were obtained with a matrix packing density of 75%(P/L = 7.5), with a Weibull's modulus of flexural strength of 6.8. Machinability decreased with the increase of P/L ratio. Micro-crystallizing treatment resulted in the formation of evenly distributed mica crystalline in the composite, which contributed to the high strength of this composite material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIC is a new infiltrated ceramic with favorable strength and machinability which can satisfy the prosthodontic requirements as all ceramic crown and bridge materials, it also shows promising outlook for future developments and clinical usage.
authors.affiliation: College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chai
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D004548:Elasticity; D005898:Glass; D006244:Hardness; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D000537:Aluminum Oxide