Mercury in saliva and the risk of exceeding limits for sewage in relation to exposure to amalgam fillings.
The concentration of total mercury in stimulated saliva was studied in humans with dental amalgam fillings and in 2 nonamalgam groups. The probability of exceeding the limits of mercury permitted in wastewater increased proportionally as the number of amalgam-filled surfaces increased. The mercury limit for sewage is 0.05 mg/l (= 250 nmol/l) effluent, according to the Council of European Communities directive 84/156/EEC. In neither of the nonamalgam groups was this limit exceeded, but 20.5% in the amalgam group exceeded the limit (p < .001). The risk of exceeding the limit increased 2-fold for every 10 additional amalgam-filled surfaces (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 3.3). These results demonstrate that humans, especially in populated areas, can be a significant source of mercury pollutants. As a consequence of mercury release, bacteria may acquire mercury resistance, as well as resistance to other antimicrobial agents, thus resulting in failure of antibiotic treatment.
Leistevuo
Jorma
J
National Public Health Institute, Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Turku, Finland.
Leistevuo
Tiina
T
Helenius
Hans
H
Pyy
Lauri
L
Huovinen
Pentti
P
Tenovuo
Jorma
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012722:Sewage; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury