title: Potential pitfalls in cranial sonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present several anatomic variants of the brain and artifacts related to scanning techniques which could be misinterpreted as lesions on neonatal cranial sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings were derived from US studies performed on 176 premature infants and 26 full-term newborns, using the anterior, posterior and mastoid fontanelles as acoustic windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pseudolesions are divided into three groups: ventricular system (asymmetric lateral ventricle size and coarctation of the lateral ventricles); choroid plexus ("split" choroid, "truncated" choroid and choroid cyst); and brain parenchyma (peritrigonal blush, thalamic pseudolesion, pseudo-absence of the inferior vermis, occipital pseudomass and calcar avis simulating intraventricular clot). We provide images of these pseudolesions and clues to their differentiation from true brain pathology. Images of several brain disorders are included for comparison. Knowledge of these potential pitfalls is essential for proper interpretation of US brain studies and will help to avoid the use of other more invasive diagnostic tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misleading images seen on US examination of the neonatal brain that could be misinterpreted as pathology are presented, with clues to their differentiation from true lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Ps. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain. enriquez@cs.vhebron.es
authors.forename: Goya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enríquez
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucaya
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piqueras
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Aranzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D004453:Echoencephalography; D006801:Humans; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000009:adverse effects*