title: Perinatal substance abuse intervention in obstetric clinics decreases adverse neonatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of Early Start, a managed care organization's obstetric clinic-based perinatal substance abuse treatment program, on neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were 6774 female Kaiser Permanente members who delivered babies between July 1, 1995 and June 30, 1998 and were screened by completing prenatal substance abuse screening questionnaires and urine toxicology screening tests. Four groups were compared: substance abusers screened, assessed, and treated by Early Start ("SAT," n=782); substance abusers screened and assessed by Early Start who had no follow-up treatment ("SA," n=348); substance abusers who were only screened ("S," n=262); and controls who screened negative ("C," n=5382).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants of SAT women had assisted ventilation rates (1.5%) similar to control infants (1.4%), but lower than the SA (4.0%, p=0.01) and S groups (3.1%, p=0.12). Similar patterns were found for low birth weight and preterm delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved neonatal outcomes were found among babies whose mothers received substance abuse treatment integrated with prenatal care. The babies of SAT women did as well as control infants on rates of assisted ventilation, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. They had lower rates of these three neonatal outcomes than infants of either SA or S women.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Division of Research, Perinatal Research Unit, Oakland, CA 94611, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gonzales Osejo
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pantoja
authors.forename: Gabriel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Escobar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008403:Mass Screening; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*