title: Management and outcome differences in supraglottic cancer between Ontario, Canada, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results areas of the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the management and outcome of supraglottic cancer in Ontario, Canada, with that in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program areas in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic, clinical, and hospital data were linked to cancer registry data and supplemented by chart review where necessary. Stage-stratified analyses compared initial treatment and survival in the SEER areas (n = 1,643) with a random sample from Ontario (n = 265). We also compared laryngectomy rates at 3 years in those patients 65 years and older at diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radical surgery was more commonly used in SEER, with absolute differences increasing with increasing stage: I/II, 17%; III, 36%; and IV, 45%. The 5-year survival rates were 74% in Ontario and 56% in SEER for stage I/II disease (P =.01), 55.7% in Ontario and 46.8% in SEER for stage III disease (P =.40), and 28.5% in Ontario and 29.1% in SEER for stage IV disease (P =.28). Cancer-specific survival results mirrored the overall survival results with the exception of stage IV disease, for which 34.6% of Ontario patients survived their cancer compared with 38.1% in SEER (P =.10). This stage IV difference was more pronounced when we further controlled for possible cause of death errors by restricting the comparison to patients with a single primary cancer (P =.01). Three-year actuarial laryngectomy rates differed. In stage I/II, these rates were 3% in Ontario compared with 35% in SEER (P < 10(-3)). In stage III disease, the rates were 30% and 54%, respectively (P =.03), and in stage IV disease they were 33% and 64% (P =.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are large differences in the management of supraglottic cancer between the SEER areas of the United States and Ontario. Long-term larynx retention was higher in Ontario, where radiotherapy is widely regarded as the treatment of choice and surgery is reserved for salvage. In stages I to III, survival was similar in the two regions despite the differences in treatment policy. In stage IV, there may be a small survival advantage in the U.S. SEER areas related to the higher use of primary surgery.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Departments of Oncology and Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
authors.forename: Patti A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Groome
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rothwell
authors.forename: Karleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Padraig R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Warde
authors.forename: Ken M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: D Ian
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.forename: J Alex
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Sunil P P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gulavita
authors.forename: Libni J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bissett
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mackillop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009864:Ontario; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D013534:Survival; D014481:United States