title: Physiological changes with periodized resistance training in women tennis players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the physiological and performance adaptations between periodized and nonperiodized resistance training in women collegiate tennis athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women (19 +/- 1 yr) were assigned to either a periodized resistance training group (P), nonperiodized training group (NV), or a control group (C). Assessments for body composition, anaerobic power, VO2(max), speed, agility, maximal strength, jump height, tennis-service velocity, and resting serum hormonal concentrations were performed before and after 4, 6, and 9 months of resistance training performed 2-3 d.wk (-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine months of resistance training resulted in significant increases in fat-free mass; anaerobic power; grip strength; jump height; one-repetition maximum (1-RM) leg press, bench press, and shoulder press; serve, forehand, and backhand ball velocities; and resting serum insulin-like growth factor-1, testosterone, and cortisol concentrations. Percent body fat and VO2(max) decreased significantly in the P and NV groups after training. During the first 6 months, periodized resistance training elicited significantly greater increases in 1-RM leg press (9 +/- 2 vs 4.5 +/- 2%), bench press (22 +/- 5 vs 11 +/- 8%), and shoulder press (24 +/- 7 vs 18 +/- 6%) than the NV group. The absolute 1-RM leg press and shoulder press values in the P group were greater than the NV group after 9 months. Periodized resistance training also resulted in significantly greater improvements in jump height (50 +/- 9 vs 37 +/- 7%) and serve (29 +/- 5 vs 16 +/- 4%), forehand (22 +/- 3 vs 17 +/- 3%), and backhand ball velocities (36 +/- 4 vs 14 +/- 4%) as compared with nonperiodized training after 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrated that periodization of resistance training over 9 months was superior for enhancing strength and motor performance in collegiate women tennis players.
authors.affiliation: Deaprtment of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA. kraemer@uconnvm.uconn.edu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hakkinen
authors.forename: N Travis
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Triplett-Mcbride
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: L Perry
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Koziris
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ratamess
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Robert U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauth
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pullo
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mazzetti
authors.forename: Howard G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Knuttgen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*