title: Human polyomavirus DNA is not detected in Guthrie cards (dried blood spots) from children who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological evidence has suggested that some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be initiated in utero and may have an infectious etiology. The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) has been discussed as a candidate virus, but its presence has not been demonstrated in leukemia cells from children with ALL. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate if prenatal human polyomavirus infection could still indirectly be correlated to the development of childhood ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four Guthrie cards (stored, dried blood spots filter papers, routinely collected from newborns for different screening analyses), collected at 3-5 days of age, from Swedish children who subsequently developed ALL, as well as from 37 healthy controls, were investigated by nested PCR for the presence of human polyomaviruses JCV and BK virus (BKV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  JCV and BKV DNA were not detected in any of the Guthrie cards from ALL patients or from healthy controls, although all tested samples had amplifiable DNA as confirmed by an HLA DQ PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JCV or BKV were not found in any of the dried blood spots of children who later developed ALL or in the healthy controls. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that childhood ALL is associated with an in utero infection with JCV or BKV, although it is not possible to exclude an association with an in utero infection that has become latent in the kidneys with very low levels of circulating virus at birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Priftakis
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalianis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carstensen
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lewensohn-Fuchs
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winiarski
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007577:JC Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral