title: Adeno-associated virus integrates site-specifically into human chromosome 19 in either orientation and with equal kinetics and frequency.
abstract: Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) establishes latency by site-specific integration into a unique locus, AAVS1, on human chromosome 19 (chr19). To study the kinetics and frequency of chr19-specific integration, a rapid, sensitive and quantitative real-time PCR assay specific for AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR)-chr19 junction sequences was developed. Since the assay only detected right-hand AAV ITR-specific integration events, the development of a complementary left-hand ITR-specific real-time PCR assay is described. The time-course of left-hand ITR-dependent AAV integration at AAVS1 of chr19 was determined in AAV-2-infected HeLa cells. Both the kinetics and frequencies of left-hand ITR-dependent integration were found to be similar to those of the right-hand ITR. In addition, left-hand ITR-specific fusion sequences and chromosomal breakpoints within AAVS1 were variable, yet were the same as those found in right-hand ITR-chr19 junction sequences. Thus, the AAV-2 genome integrates site-specifically into chr19 with similar efficiency in either orientation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Universitätsklinik Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hüser
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Universitätsklinik Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heilbronn
mesh_terms: D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D013997:Time Factors; D016662:Virus Integration