title: Spectral characteristics of light sources for S-cone stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrophysiological investigations of the short-wavelength sensitive pathway of the human eye require the use of a suitable light source as a S-cone stimulator. Different light sources with their spectral distribution properties were investigated and compared with the ideal S-cone stimulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the theoretical background of the calculation of relative cone energy absorption from the spectral distribution function of the light source is summarized. From the results of the calculation, the photometric properties of the ideal S-cone stimulator will be derived. The calculation procedure was applied to virtual light sources (computer generated spectral distribution functions with different medium wavelengths and spectrum widths) and to real light sources (blue and green light emitting diodes, blue phosphor of CRT-monitor, multimedia projector, LCD monitor and notebook display). The calculated relative cone absorbencies are compared to the conditions of an ideal S-cone stimulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monochromatic light sources with wavelengths of less than 456 nm are close to the conditions of an ideal S-cone stimulator. Spectrum widths up to 21 nm do not affect the S-cone activation significantly (S-cone activation change < 0.2%). Blue light emitting diodes with peak wavelength at 448 nm and spectrum bandwidth of 25 nm are very useful for S-cone stimulation (S-cone activation approximately 95%). A suitable display for S-cone stimulation is the Trinitron computer monitor (S-cone activation approximately 87%). The multimedia projector has a S-cone activation up to 91%, but their spectral distribution properties depends on the selected intensity. LCD monitor and notebook displays have a lower S-cone activation (< or = 74%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carefully selecting the blue light source for S-cone stimulation can reduce the unwanted L-and M-cone activation down to 4% for M-cones and 1.5% for L-cones.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Automation, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany. falk.schlegelmilch@tu-ilmenau.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlegelmilch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schellhorn
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Husar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tornow
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008433:Mathematics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*