title: Specific and non-specific KGF inhibition of KGF-induced breast cancer cell motility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, is a mesenchymally derived mediator of epithelial cell proliferation and migration. In a previous study, we reported that KGF enhanced the motility of human breast cancer cells. The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of specific and non-specific KGF inhibitors on KGF-induced motility and proliferation in ER-positive MCF-7 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study three KGF inhibitors were employed [Heparin, Innohep, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and KGFR2 beta (IIIb)/Fc, a chimeric KGFR fragment]. Heparin and LMWH bind to low affinity sites on KGF and produce non-specific inhibition, while KGFR2 beta (IIIb)/Fc, a soluble chimera of an extracellular KGFR fragment, is a more specific KGF inhibitor. Cellular motility was measured using two methods: culture wounding over a period of 48 hours; and secondly, time-lapse videomicroscopy (TLVM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these experiments KGF was found to produce a dose-dependent enhancement of MCF-7 cell motility over a dosage range of 5 to 500 ng/ml. In the TLVM experiments, Heparin (30 ng/ml), LMWH (30 ng/ml) and KGFR2 beta (IIIb)/Fc (50 micrograms/ml) completely inhibited KGF-induced motility of MCF-7 cells during the initial 2-hour observation period. In the culture wounding assay, LMWH produced a greater reduction in KGF-induced motility than heparin at 48 hours post-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that KGF-mediated enhancement of breast cancer cells motility and proliferation is inhibited by both specific and non-specific KGF inhibitors. LMWH appears to produce an inhibition of KGF with a much longer duration of action than Heparin. Our results suggest that KGF inhibition may be a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Thao-Nguyen
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Pento
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000737:chemistry; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006493:Heparin; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; C065104:keratinocyte growth factor receptor