title: Role of flagellin in the pathogenesis of shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: therapeutic opportunities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the role of flagellin as an immunostimulatory and proinflammatory factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic overview of the literature on this subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  An office equipped with a computer and Internet access to PubMed.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE citations between 1960 and 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flagellin, a protein of 40-60 kD, is the principal constituent of the flagellum, a prominent surface structure found in motile bacteria. Recent work reveals that monomeric flagellin, a protein component of flagellated bacteria, can act as a soluble immunostimulatory and proinflammatory factor, activating the immune/inflammatory axis via the toll-like receptor 5-nuclear factor-kappaB axis. Monocytes, macrophages, and intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cells respond to monomeric flagellin at low concentrations. Monomeric flagellin can induce prominent local and systemic immune/inflammatory responses and.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the flagellin-toll-like receptor 5 pathway offers novel opportunities for the experimental therapy of various forms of shock, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Inotek Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Beverly, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szabó
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005408:Flagellin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005408:Flagellin