title: Pathological alterations in the archaic Homo sapiens cranium from Eliye Springs, Kenya.
abstract: This paper reports on the results of a first computerized tomography (CT)-based study of the Middle Pleistocene matrix-filled skull KNM-ES 11693 from Eliye Springs at Lake Turkana. Ectocranially, the hominid cranium exhibits a remarkable enlargement of the vault symmetrical to the sagittal suture and a porotic surface covering most of the vault. CT analysis further revealed a strong thickening of the cranial vault as well as other relevant aspects. Differential diagnosis suggests that the changes of the Eliye Springs cranium were probably caused by chronic anemia in the childhood or youth of this individual.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Biology, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Guenter.Braeuer@uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Groden
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delling
authors.forename: Kornelius
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kupczik
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mbua
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005580:Fossils; D049690:History, Ancient; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D010164:Paleopathology / Q000379:methods; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed