title: Rapid MR imaging of articular cartilage with steady-state free precession and multipoint fat-water separation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain high-quality high-resolution images of articular cartilage with reduced imaging time, we combined a novel technique of generalized multipoint fat-water separation with three-dimensional (3D) steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cartilage of 10 knees in five healthy volunteers was imaged with 3D SSFP imaging and a multipoint fat-water separation method capable of separating fat and water with short TE increments. Fat-saturated 3D spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) images were obtained for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality images of the knee with excellent fat-water separation were obtained with 3D SSFP imaging. Total imaging time required was 58% less than that required for 3D SPGR imaging with a comparable cartilage signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution. Unlike 3D SPGR images, 3D SSFP images exhibited bright synovial fluid, providing a potential arthrographic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-quality high-resolution images of articular cartilage with improved fat-water separation, bright synovial fluid, and markedly reduced acquisition times can be obtained with 3D SSFP imaging combined with a fat-water separation technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Ave., Rm. H1306, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: Norbert J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Pelc
authors.forename: Marcus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alley
authors.forename: Garry E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male