title: Non-antibiotic antibacterial activity of dodecyl gallate.
abstract: Dodecyl (C(12)) gallate (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) (1) was found to possess antibacterial activity specifically against Gram-positive bacteria, in addition to its potent antioxidant activity. The time-kill curve study indicates that this amphipathic gallate exhibits bactericidal activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Dodecyl (lauryl) gallate inhibited oxygen consumption in whole cells and oxidation of NADH in membrane preparation. The antibacterial activity of this gallate comes in part from its ability to inhibit the membrane respiratory chain. As far as alkyl gallates are concerned, their antimicrobial spectra and potency depend in part on the hydrophobic portion of the molecule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, CA 94720-3112, Berkeley, USA. ikubo@uclink4.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Ken ichi
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ken ichi
authors.initials: Ki
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuoka
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C008259:lauryl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases