title: In vivo biocompatibility of gelatin-based hydrogels and interpenetrating networks.
abstract: The in vivo host response to two gelatin-based hydrogel systems of varying crosslinking modalities and loaded with the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone sodium phosphate was investigated. Either gelatin was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, or polyethyleneglycol diacrylate was photopolymerized around gelatin to form interpenetrating networks. The subcutaneous cage implant system was utilized to determine differential leukocyte concentrations in the inflammatory exudate surrounding the materials as indices for biocompatibility and drug efficacy in vivo. Most of the crosslinked gelatin-based materials, either via glutaraldehyde fixation or interpenetrating network formation, elicited stronger inflammatory responses than either of the starting materials, gelatin and polyethyleneglycol diacrylate. In general, dexamethasone delayed and intensified the inflammatory response. The loss of material mass did not correlate directly with the degree of cellular inflammatory response, but increased with longer implantation time and decreased with more extensive fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Einerson
authors.forename: Jeanine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burmania
authors.forename: Weiyuan John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010777:Photochemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020100:Hydrogels; C004180:dexamethasone 21-phosphate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005780:Gelatin; D005976:Glutaral