title: Histologic diagnosis and management of hypothalamic tumors in children by the use of newly developed flexible neuroendoscopes.
abstract: Hypothalamic tumors are difficult to treat surgically, and chemotherapy and/or radiation are given based on the histology and the neuraxis staging of the tumors. We have developed flexible neuroendoscopes (Yamadori-type 8 and 9) which have excellent image quality and maneuverability as well as capabilities for biopsy and electrocoagulative debulking of the cystic tumors. We report the successful application of the neuroendoscopes to 10 children with hypothalamic tumors diagnosed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Histologic diagnosis was obtained from all the patients. Cystic tumors were evacuated, hydrocephalus managed with endoscopic operations, and some benign tumors were removed totally. The relatively non-invasive approach reported here would represent a significant technical advance in the diagnosis and management of hypothalamic and other ventricular tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamikawa
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamadori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D001706:Biopsy; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003399:Craniotomy; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007029:Hypothalamic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery