title: Interictal epileptic spiking during sleep and wakefulness in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative study of scalp and foramen ovale electrodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess distribution of temporal lobe spikes across different states of sleep and wakefulness in simultaneous scalp and foramen ovale (Fo) recordings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 12 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). As part of their presurgical evaluation, patients underwent long-term video-EEG monitoring with combined scalp and foramen ovale electrodes (FoEs). In addition to traditional sleep scoring, waking was subdivided into eyes-opened and eyes-closed states, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep was divided into phasic and tonic states. Spike counts were carried out visually for scalp and FoEs, and spiking rates were determined for each state. A ratio between FoE and scalp spiking rates also was calculated for each state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scalp spiking showed a significant increase during NREM3,4, whereas FoE spiking increased during NREM2. The scalp/FoE ratio significantly increased during NREM3,4. A significant difference in spiking rate also was found between phasic and tonic REM states as well as between waking with eyes opened and closed in FoE recordings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide evidence of a discrepancy in spike distribution across different states of sleep and waking monitored by scalp and FoE recordings. We suggest that these discrepancies may reflect differences in archicortical and neocortical spike synchronization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Budapest, Hungary. clemenszofia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Békésy
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halász
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods*; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D012598:Sclerosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*