title: Over expression of metallothionein predicts resistance of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder to intravesical mitomycin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metallothionein, a low molecular weight intracellular protein, binds mitomycin with high affinity protecting the tumor DNA. We prospectively studied the relationship of metallothionein expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and resistance to intravesical mitomycin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 45 consecutive patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma treated with intravesical mitomycin were studied. Resected tumor tissues were stained with metallothionein monoclonal antibody E9. Two pathologists scored staining intensity and distribution. All patients were followed with regular flexible cystoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age was 73 years (range 44 to 89). Tumor grade was 1 to 3 in 6, 33 and 6 cases, respectively. In 20 patients (44.44%) tumor recurred after mitomycin therapy. Median cytoplasmic staining scores for recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors were 5 (range 0 to 61) and 0 (0 to 14), respectively. Median nuclear staining scores for recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors were 3 (range 0 to 56) and 0 (0 to 11), respectively. Median followup of patients without recurrence was 18 months (range 12 to 36). Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining scores were significantly higher in recurrent than in nonrecurrent tumors. There was no significant relationship of metallothionein expression with tumor grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over expression of metallothionein predicts the resistance of bladder transitional cell carcinoma to intravesical mitomycin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Naing N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Miles C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Gerald N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016685:Mitomycin; D008668:Metallothionein