Is the distal hyperplastic polyp a marker for proximal neoplasia?
BACKGROUND
The current literature is unclear about the association between distal hyperplastic polyps and synchronous neoplasia (adenomatous polyps and cancer) in the proximal colon.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps.


METHODS
Database searches (medline and embase from 1966 to 2001) and manual search of the bibliographies of included and excluded studies, case reports, editorials, review articles, and textbooks of Gastroenterology.


METHODS
Studies describing the prevalence of proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps.


METHODS
Demographics, clinical variables, study design, and prevalence of proximal neoplasia associated with various distal colorectal findings.


RESULTS
Of 18 included studies, 12 involved asymptomatic individuals in which the pooled absolute risk of any proximal neoplasia associated with distal hyperplastic polyps was 25% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21% to 29%). In 4 studies where colonoscopy was performed irrespective of distal findings, the absolute risk was 21% (95% CI, 14% to 28%). The relative risk of finding any proximal neoplasia in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.8) compared to those with no distal polyps. Among 6 studies of patients with symptoms or risk factors for neoplasia, the absolute risk of proximal neoplasia was 35% (95% CI, 32% to 39%) in persons with distal hyperplastic polyps. In 2 studies of screening colonoscopy, advanced proximal neoplasia (cancer, or a polyp with villous histology or severe dysplasia, or a tubular adenoma >/=1 cm) was present in 4% to 5% of persons with distal hyperplastic polyps, which was 1.5 to 2.6 times greater than in those with no distal polyps.


CONCLUSIONS
In asymptomatic persons, a distal hyperplastic polyp is associated with a 21% to 25% risk for any proximal neoplasia and a 4% to 5% risk of advanced proximal neoplasia, and may justify examination of the proximal colon. Further study is needed to determine the risk of advanced proximal neoplasia associated with size and number of distal hyperplastic polyps.
Dave
Sachin
S
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind., USA.
Hui
Siu
S
Kroenke
Kurt
K
Imperiale
Thomas F
TF
D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment