title: The impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neurosurgical unit: a growing problem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a growing problem worldwide. To investigate the severity of the problem, the authors surveyed the incidence of MRSA colonization and infection in the neurosurgical unit at their institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients colonized or infected with MRSA who had been treated in the neurosurgical unit between 1993 and 1999 were retrospectively identified from laboratory records. There were 203 patients with MRSA-positive cultures, and the incidence of infection increased between 1993 (16 cases; 1.9% of admissions) and 1999 (60 cases; 6.7% of admissions). The mean duration of hospital stay was longer in patients with MRSA than in all patients treated in the unit (33.6 compared with 10.3 days, p < 0.001). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated from the nose in 89 patients, the throat in 79, the perineum in 52, surgical wounds in 16, sputum in 15, blood in 10, and from multiple sites in 69 patients. Fifty-six patients (28%) were infected with MRSA, and there were 15 deaths, of which three (20%) were likely to be due to the infection. The sources of MRSA included the neurosurgical ward in 84 patients, the intensive care unit in 28, other hospitals in 39, and the community in 17. The common strains of MRSA isolated were epidemic (E)MRSA- 16 (110 cases) and EMRSA-15 (31 cases). The microorganism was eradicated in 16 cases, not eradicated in 20, and 167 patients were discharged from the hospital before eradication was achieved. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin and there was reduced sensitivity to mupirocin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection with MRSA is a growing problem in the neurosurgical population, and most cases are hospital-acquired and are associated with longer hospital stays. Asymptomatic colonization by this organism is far more common than infection of the surgical wound, although there is still morbidity due to MRSA sepsis. Most patients with MRSA are discharged before eradication of infection is achieved, thus increasing the risk that the infection will spread in the community. Strict adherence to the basic principles of infection control is the key to eradication of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom. kannagnana@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kanna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gnanalingham
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elsaghier
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kibbler
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shieff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors