title: Percutaneous injection of human thrombin to treat iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms: short- and midterm ultrasound follow-up.
abstract: Our objective was to determine the efficacy of ultrasound-guided direct injection of human thrombin to close postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms and to evaluate the midterm results of this new percutaneous technique by ultrasound follow-up. One hundred one postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms in 100 patients were treated by direct injection of human thrombin (mean dose 200 IU, range 50-750 IU) under ultrasound guidance. Patient demographics, clinical data and ultrasonographic morphology of the pseudoaneurysms were analyzed. Midterm (mean 99 days, range 25-210 days) ultrasonographic follow-up was performed in 57 of 82 called patients (69.5%). Ninety-six of 101 pseudoaneurysms thrombosed completely after the first procedure. Of the remaining 5 pseudoaneurysms, 3 were treated successfully after the second attempt, and 2 patients underwent surgical repair; thus, the primary success rate was 95% (96 of 101), and the overall success rate was 98% (99 of 101). No changes in distal pulses or other adverse events were noted immediately or 1 day after the procedure. Ultrasound follow-up revealed complete disappearance of the pseudoaneurysm in 70% (40 of 57), presence of small, residual groin hematoma in 26% (15 of 57), and partial reperfusion of the pseudoaneurysm in 3.5% (2 of 57). Human thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance is a very effective and safe method of therapy. Failure (immediate and late) of the technique as well as procedure-related complications are very rare. In our institution, sonographically guided human thrombin injection has become the treatment of choice for postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. geert.maleux@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maleux
authors.forename: Sigfrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaninbroukx
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Desmet
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevelsteen
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D013917:Thrombin