title: Trendelenburg positioning after cardiac surgery: effects on intrathoracic blood volume index and cardiac performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of the Trendelenburg position, a common first step to treat suspected hypovolaemia, remains controversial. We evaluated its haemodynamic effects on cardiac preload and performance in patients after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs who demonstrated left ventricular 'kissing papillary muscles' by transoesophageal echocardiography, thus suggesting hypovolaemia, were positioned 30 degrees head down for 15 min immediately after cardiac surgery. Cardiac output by thermodilution, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic area by transoesophageal echocardiography and intrathoracic blood volume by thermo- and dye dilution were determined before, during and after this Trendelenburg manoeuvre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trendelenburg's manoeuvre was associated with increases in central venous pressure (9 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 3 mmHg) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (8 +/- 2 to 11 +/- 3 mmHg). The intrathoracic blood volume index increased slightly (dye dilution from 836 +/- 129 to 872 +/- 112 mL m(-2); thermodilution from 823 +/- 129 to 850 +/- 131 mL m(-2)) as did the left ventricular end-diastolic area index (7.5 +/- 2.1 to 8.1 +/- 1.7 cm2 m(-2)), whereas mean arterial pressure and the cardiac index did not change significantly. After supine repositioning, the cardiac index decreased significantly below baseline (3.0 +/- 0.6 versus 3.5 +/- 0.8 L min(-1) m(-2)) as did mean arterial pressure (76 +/- 12 versus 85 +/- 11 mmHg), central venous pressure (8 +/- 2 mmHg) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (6 +/- 4 mmHg). The intrathoracic blood volume index and left ventricular end-diastolic area index did not differ significantly from baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trendelenburg's manoeuvre caused only a slight increase of preload volume, despite marked increases in cardiac-filling pressures, without significantly improving cardiac performance.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Anaesthesiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Felbinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moerstedt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goetz
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume; D001811:Blood Volume Determination; D002302:Cardiac Output; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013815:Thermodilution; D013909:Thorax; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left