title: Triggering of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and contraction by reverse mode Na+/Ca2+ exchange in trout atrial myocytes.
abstract: Whole cell patch clamp and intracellular Ca(2+) transients in trout atrial cardiomyocytes were used to quantify calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and examine its dependency on the Ca(2+) trigger source. Short depolarization pulses (2-20 ms) elicited large caffeine-sensitive tail currents. The Ca(2+) carried by the caffeine-sensitive tail current after a 2-ms depolarization was 0.56 amol Ca(2+)/pF, giving an SR Ca(2+) release rate of 279 amol Ca(2+). pF(-1). s(-1) or 4.3 mM/s. Depolarizing cells for 10 ms to different membrane potentials resulted in a local maximum of SR Ca(2+) release, intracellular Ca(2+) transient, and cell shortening at 10 mV. Although 100 microM CdCl(2) abolished this local maximum, it had no effect on SR Ca(2+) release elicited by a depolarization to 110 or 150 mV, and the SR Ca(2+) release was proportional to the membrane potential in the range -50 to 150 mV with 100 microM CdCl(2). Increasing the intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]) from 10 to 16 mM enhanced SR Ca(2+) release but reduced cell shortening at all membrane potentials examined. In the absence of TTX, SR Ca(2+) release was potentiated with 16 mM but not 10 mM pipette [Na(+)]. Comparison of the total sarcolemmal Ca(2+) entry and the Ca(2+) released from the SR gave a gain factor of 18.6 +/- 7.7. Nifedipine (Nif) at 10 microM inhibited L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) and reduced the time integral of the tail current by 61%. The gain of the Nif-sensitive SR Ca(2+) release was 16.0 +/- 4.7. A 2-ms depolarization still elicited a contraction in the presence of Nif that was abolished by addition of 10 mM NiCl(2). The gain of the Nif-insensitive but NiCl(2)-sensitive SR Ca(2+) release was 14.8 +/- 7.1. Thus both reverse-mode Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) and I(Ca) can elicit Ca(2+) release from the SR, but I(Ca) is more efficient than reverse-mode NCX in activating contraction. This difference may be due to extrusion of a larger fraction of the Ca(2+) released from the SR by reverse-mode NCX rather than a smaller gain for NCX-induced Ca(2+) release.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain. lhove@hsp.santpau.es
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hove-Madsen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llach
authors.forename: Glen F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Tibbits
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tort
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000502:physiology*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002110:Caffeine; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium