title: The emergence of amphetamine use in New Zealand: findings from the 1998 and 2001 National Drug Surveys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in the use of amphetamines, measure current conditions of supply, and investigate harms related to amphetamine use, in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Drug Surveys were conducted in 1998 and 2001. In each survey, a sample of approximately 5500 people aged 15-45 years were asked about their alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drug use, using a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) system. In 2001, those who had used stimulants (uppers, speed, amphetamine, methamphetamine) within the previous year were asked a number of new questions about harms experienced from use and present conditions of supply.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Last-year use of stimulants increased from 2.9% in 1998, to 5.0% in 2001; use of ice (crystal methamphetamine) increased from 0.1% to 0.9%, while use of marijuana (19.9% and 20.3%) and LSD (3.8% and 3.2%) remained static. Forty one per cent of users thought stimulants were easier to obtain in 2001 compared to a year earlier, and 20% thought the price was lower. One fifth of stimulant users reported harmful effects on 'energy and vitality', while one in ten reported harms to 'financial position', 'health', and 'work opportunities'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulants moved from being the third most popular illicit drug type in 1998, to the second most popular by 2001. Additional research is required to adequately assess the extent of harms experienced by amphetamine users in New Zealand.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand. c.wilkins@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatta
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casswell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence