title: The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease in the 21st century.
abstract: Ten years ago Crohn's disease remained a highly complex disorder with an unknown aetiology and a poorly understood pathogenesis. Research in this field had repeatedly confirmed the presence of an activated intestinal immune system but the factors underlying this had not been identified. Since then, the significance of genetic susceptibility has been established and underlined by the discovery of the NOD2 gene. In turn, this has gone on to signal the importance of the innate immune system and the critical relationship between the gut flora and the intestinal mucosa. These factors, together with independent environmental triggers such as cigarette smoking, form the basis of Crohn's disease pathogenesis in the new century.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Radford-Smith
mesh_terms: D001062:Appendectomy; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein