title: The incidence and severity of adverse events affecting patients after discharge from the hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of hospitalized patients identify safety as a significant problem, but few data are available regarding injuries occurring after discharge. Patients may be vulnerable during this transition period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence, severity, preventability, and "ameliorability" of adverse events affecting patients after discharge from the hospital and to develop strategies for improving patient safety during this interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  400 consecutive patients discharged home from the general medical service.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three main outcomes were adverse events, defined as injuries occurring as a result of medical management; preventable adverse events, defined as adverse events judged to have been caused by an error; and ameliorable adverse events, defined as adverse events whose severity could have been decreased. Posthospital course was determined by performing a medical record review and a structured telephone interview approximately 3 weeks after each patient's discharge. Outcomes were determined by independent physician reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients had adverse events after discharge (19% [95% CI, 15% to 23%]). Of these, 23 had preventable adverse events (6% [CI, 4% to 9%]) and 24 had ameliorable adverse events (6% [CI, 4% to 9%]). Three percent of injuries were serious laboratory abnormalities, 65% were symptoms, 30% were symptoms associated with a nonpermanent disability, and 3% were permanent disabilities. Adverse drug events were the most common type of adverse event (66% [CI, 55% to 76%]), followed by procedure-related injuries (17% [CI, 8% to 26%]). Of the 25 adverse events resulting in at least a nonpermanent disability, 12 were preventable (48% [CI, 28% to 68%]) and 6 were ameliorable (24% [CI, 7% to 41%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse events occurred frequently in the peridischarge period, and many could potentially have been prevented or ameliorated with simple strategies.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, F654-1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Murff
authors.forename: Josh F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Tejal K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D019300:Medical Errors; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011446:Prospective Studies