title: Issues concerning consent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery-the need for patient-directed improvements: a UK perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which informed patient consent for cardiac surgery corresponds with standard guidelines and to assess patient satisfaction with the consent process.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire developed in accordance with consent guidelines published by the Medical Defence Union (MDU) and the Practicalities Of Producing Patient information (POPPi) Guide was administered to 82 patients after they were consented for cardiac surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were informed about i) type of operation [n=80, 97.5%] ii) reason for surgery [n=78, 95%] iii) surgical procedure [n=77, 94%] iv) length of hospital stay [n=73, 89%] and v) post-surgical care [n=79, 96.3%]. However, a decreasing number of patients were notified about i) possible risks of surgery [n=64, 78%] and ii) consequences of no surgery [n=62, 75.6%]. Interestingly, patients received less adequate information about i) alternative methods of treatment (n=34, 41.4%], ii) future lifestyle (n=55, 67%] and iii) medications following surgery [n=40, 48.7%]. 81% (n=67) were overall 'satisfied' with the information provided. More than 95% (n=78) patients were invited to ask questions. The most commonly asked questions were about i) quality of life ii) length of operation and hospital stay iii) surgical procedure iv) consequences of no surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has highlighted areas of informed consent in cardiac surgical patients that need attention. Although, patients were generally satisfied and well informed about the procedure, less information was presented covering alternative treatments, future lifestyle and medications. This was reflected in the questions asked by patients and their suggested improvements for the consent procedure.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals, Coventry & Warwickshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, UK. hunaidvohra@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ledsham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D030881:Disclosure; D004739:England; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services / Q000592:standards; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000592:standards*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires