title: Effect of the selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib in rat acute models of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the action of celecoxib and rofecoxib, two selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in two acute models of inflammation, carrageenan (Cg)-induced rat pleurisy, and paw oedema formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (N = 4-10 per group) were used. A fixed volume of PBS or carrageenan was injected into the pleural cavity or into the paw. Furthermore, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and PGE2 were also assessed in the paw tissue or in pleural exudate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone (DEX, 0.5 mg kg(-1), s.c., -4 h) and indomethacin (INDO, 3 mg kg(-1), p.o., -1 h) suppressed Cg-induced pleural exudate accumulation by 84 and 77% and inflammatory cell influx by 66 and 47%, respectively. In contrast, celecoxib (CLX, 10 mg kg(-1), p.o., -1 h) or rofecoxib (RFX, 10 mg kg(-1) , p.o., -1 h) only reduced the Cg-induced pleural exudate volume by 44 and 40%, respectively, but had no significant effect over inflammatory cell influx. At the same doses used for pleurisy, DEX, INDO, CLX, RFX and SC-560 (a selective COX-1 inhibitor, 40 mg kg(-1), p.o., -1 h), inhibited the Cg-induced paw oedema by 49, 31, 21, 21 and 17%. DEX, INDO or SC-560 reduced the level of MPO by 71, 78 and 59%, while CLX or RFX produced a small, but significant increase (28 or 16%) in MPO activity. In the rat model of pleurisy, PGE2 levels in cell-free exudates were significantly attenuated by 91, 89, 57 and 65% in animals treated with DEX, INDO, CLX or RFX. In contrast, INDO reduced significantly the whole bloodTXB, synthesis (59%) while DEX and INDO reduced the pleural content of NOx significantly. Treatment of animals with CLX or RFX did not alter the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta or TNF-alpha in the pleural exudate, but CLX reduced IL-1beta levels in the rat paw tissue and RFX increased TNF-alpha in this tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together these results provide consistent evidence indicating that the selective COX-2 inhibitors CLX and RFX, in contrast to DEX, INDO or SC-560, despite reducing greatly the Cg-induced pleural exudation, PGE2 content and paw oedema have only partial acute anti-inflammatory properties in two different rat acute models of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88015-420, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Calixto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013450:Sulfones; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007783:Lactones; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C116926:rofecoxib; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000068579:Celecoxib; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin