title: Blood extracellular superoxide dismutase levels in hemodialysis patients pre- and post-hemodialysis and its association with lipoprotein lipase mass and free fatty acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodialysis (HD) is a method of chronic therapy for patients with renal failure. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common underlying disease among HD patients in Japan. A characteristic problem associated with this condition is endothelial cell damage. We have been using extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) attached to the heparan sulfate on the endothelial cell surface as a marker of vascular damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the pre- and post-HD levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The increase in free fatty acid (FFA) is affected by a type of cytokine-like substances, which induces insulin resistance and causes abnormal lipid metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-HD blood samples showed highly significant correlations between EC-SOD and LPL mass (r = 0.792) and between EC-SOD and FFA (r = 0.675) (p < 0.0001). EC-SOD, LPL mass, and FFA were remarkably high among the patients who had been placed on HD treatment for over 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because EC-SOD and LPL mass represent heparin-binding proteins, these results were considered to reflect severe vascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Central Clinical Laboratories, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 1 Kanda Izumi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8643, Japan. hshimo@mitsuihosp.or.jp
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maehata
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Tsugikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C062991:AZU1 protein, human; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase