title: Changes in blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during water drinking in humans.
abstract: To investigate the possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in pressor response during water drinking, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured in healthy young volunteers throughout the experiments of a 5-min control, 2 min of drinking 500 ml water, and a 28-min recovery. To avoid the effects of water passing through the oropharyngeal and esophageal regions and/or effects of swallowing, an equal amount of water was directly infused to the stomach through a stomach tube for 2 min. Water drinking caused a transient increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR immediately after drinking (DeltaMAP, 12.6 +/- 2.1 mmHg; DeltaHR, +19.9 +/- 1.7 beats/min at the peak). An abrupt decrease of MSNA was observed directly during water drinking (Deltaburst rate, -6.9 +/- 1.3 bursts/min; Deltatotal activity, -2,606 +/- 491 U/min), and it increased to the baseline level thereafter. Gastric infusion had little or no effect on MAP, HR, and MSNA. The present study demonstrated that a pressor response during water drinking was associated with the attenuation of MSNA and not generated by gastric infusion of water at the same rate as in this drinking manner. In conclusion, the rapid rise in BP might be caused through stimulations from the oropharyngeal region, swallowing-induced factors, and/or a feedforward mechanism by a central descending signal from the higher brain centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555 Japan. endoyuta@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Zenzaburo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Sueko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water