title: Breast cancer chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction.
abstract: Cognitive side effects of systemic chemotherapy have become an increasing concern among breast cancer survivors, their families, and health care professionals. A growing body of research supports the hypothesis that chemotherapy can produce long-term cognitive changes in at least a subgroup of cancer survivors. We review evidence implicating systemic chemotherapy as the cause of cognitive changes; describe the limitations due to lack of longitudinal studies and gaps in knowledge (ie, no clear mechanism by which chemotherapy can produce cognitive changes has been proposed); discuss possible factors like age, intelligence quotient/education, and psychological, genetic, and hormonal factors that might increase risk for chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes; and outline future directions for research. Such future research includes large-scale, longitudinal studies of pretreatment neuropsychological assessments, use of imaging techniques and the development of animal models to study the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced changes in cognitive functioning, and the development of interventions to prevent or reduce the negative cognitive effects of chemotherapy
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Psychiatry and Center for Psycho-Oncology Research, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. tim.a.ahles@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ahles
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saykin
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index