title: Deletions in chromosome arms 3p and 11q are new prognostic markers in localized and 4s neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find new nonrandom chromosomal changes in neuroblastoma (NB) with a potential to forecast the patient's outcome, alterations in chromosome arms 3p and 11q were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency and prognostic potential of 3p and 11q alterations in 144 NBs were analyzed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes for 3p26 and 11q23. Aberrations were defined as deletion (monosomy of a specific region) or imbalance (at least two intact and additional 3p26- or 11q23-deleted chromosomes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two of 144 cases (29%) displayed 11q alterations (21% deletions, 8% imbalances). Most aberrations were associated with stage 4 disease (28 of 59, 47%) but were also present in localized and 4s tumors (14 of 85, 16%; P = 0.007). Patients with 11q deletion/imbalance were significantly older at diagnosis (P < 0.001). Changes in 3p were detected in 26 of 144 (18%) samples (15% deletions, 3% imbalances). These alterations were also associated with stage 4 [20 of 59 (34%) versus 6 of 85 (7%) in stages 1-3 and 4s, P = 0.007], and the median age was increased (P < 0.001). Aberrations in both chromosomes were highly associated with each other (P < 0.001). MYCN amplification (MNA) was detected in 10% and 12% of tumors with 11q and 3p alterations, and changes in 1p36 occurred in 13% and 26% of the 3p- and 11q-aberrant tumors. MYCN amplification and 11q deletion/imbalance tended to show an inverse correlation (P = 0.07) as well as 1p and 3p deletion/imbalance (P = 0.07). Patients with 3p and 11q abnormalities in localized/4s tumors showed an inferior outcome compared with those without these alterations (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0027, respectively), in particular in MYCN single copy tumors (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0006, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in 3p and 11q are frequent nonrandom aberrations in NB and define a new high-risk subgroup in MYCN single copy stage 1-3 and 4s disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, 50924 Köln, Germany. Ruediger.Spitz@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Ruediger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hero
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ernestus
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors