title: Treatment of high-risk African American patients: left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, renal disease, and postmyocardial infarction.
abstract: African Americans experience more mortality and morbidity from hypertension-related complications than other racial groups. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have clearly been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity in hypertensive white patients with heart failure, renal dysfunction, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction, African American patients have been underrepresented in these trials. The lack of direct evidence of the benefit of ACE inhibitors in these individuals and the suggestion that ACE inhibitors are less efficacious in this group has resulted in a reluctance to use ACE inhibitors in African Americans. However, retrospective analyses in black patients with heart failure and a recent randomized clinical trial in African Americans with renal dysfunction suggest that a regimen based on ACE inhibitors is efficacious in this racial group. Although diuretics remain first-line therapy, data now suggest that ACE inhibitors provide additional benefit and should be considered for use in patients with high-risk complications regardless of race.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. aroraro@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Rahit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Luther
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors