title: Surface and buildup dose characteristics for 6, 10, and 18 MV photons from an Elekta Precise linear accelerator.
abstract: Understanding head scatter characteristics of photon beams is vital to properly commission treatment planning (TP) algorithms. Simultaneously, having definitive surface and buildup region dosimetry is important to optimize bolus. The Elekta Precise linacs have unique beam flattening filter configurations for each photon beam (6, 10, and 18 MV) in terms of material and location. We performed a comprehensive set of surface and buildup dose measurements with a thin window parallel-plate (PP) chamber to examine effects of field size (FS), source-to-skin distance (SSD), and attenuating media. Relative ionization data were converted to fractional depth dose (FDD) after correcting for bias effects and using the Gerbi method to account for chamber characteristics. Data were compared with a similar vintage Varian linac. At short SSDs the surface and buildup dose characteristics were similar to published data for Varian and Elekta accelerators. The FDD at surface (FDD(0)) for 6, 10, and 18 MV photons was 0.171, 0.159, and 0.199, respectively, for a 15x15 cm2, 100 cm SSD field. A blocking tray increased FDD(0) to 0.200, 0.200, and 0.256, while the universal wedge decreased FDD(0) to 0.107, 0.124, and 0.176. FDD(0) increased linearly with FS (approximately 1.16%/cm). FDD(0) decreased exponentially for 10 and 18 MV with increasing SSD. However, the 6 MV FDD(0) actually increased slightly with increasing SSD. This is likely due to the unique distal flattening filter for 6 MV. The measured buildup curves have been used to optimize TP calculations and guide bolus decisions. Overall the FDD(0) and buildup doses were very similar to published data. Of interest were the relatively low 10 MV surface doses, and the 6 MV FDD(0)'s dependence on SSD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8224, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA. klein@radonc.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esthappan
authors.forename: Zuofeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D010315:Particle Accelerators / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation