title: Nandrolone decanoate enhances hypothalamic biogenic amines in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify possible mechanisms for an anabolic-androgenic steroid induced increase in aggressive behavior and work capacity, the levels of some biogenic amines considered to be closely related to a systemic hyper-adrenergic state were measured in selected regions of the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar male rats were divided randomly into five groups: nontreated (control), oil-vehicle-treated (vehicle) or one of three (therapeutic dose and 10- or 100-fold higher dose) anabolic-androgenic steroid-treated (steroid-1, -2, -3) groups. Rats in the steroid and vehicle groups were given a single dose of nandrolone decanoate or oil vehicle, respectively, one week before tissue sampling. The levels of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunostaining for c-fos was performed as a confirmation of increased neural activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of NE and MHPG were increased by approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold in the hypothalamus of the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were approximately 40 and approximately 50% higher in the steroid-2 compared with the control and vehicle groups. A significantly higher number of c-fos expressing neurons were observed in the periventricular region of the steroid-2 than the control and vehicle groups, indicating enhanced neuronal activity after nandrolone decanoate treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results, combined with previously reported findings of physical performance enhancement after anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment, are consistent with the interpretation that elevated levels of adrenergic and serotonergic amines in the hypothalamus could contribute to aggressive behaviors as well as improved physical performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Uinversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. tamaki@is.icc-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Takemasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumiya
authors.forename: Roland R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: V Reggie
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Edgerton
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000737:chemistry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000737:chemistry; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000032:analysis*; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D009277:Nandrolone; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D009638:Norepinephrine