title: Selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors is protective against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists protect rat hepatocytes against hypoxic death. Here, we have examined whether mGlu5 receptor antagonists are protective against liver damage induced by oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Toxicity of isolated hepatocytes was induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) after pretreatment with the mGlu5 receptor antagonists, MPEP, SIB-1757 and SIB-1893. The effect of these drugs was also examined in mice challenged with toxic doses of acetaminophen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of tBuOOH (0.5 mM) to isolated hepatocytes induced cell death (70+/-5% at 3 h). Addition of MPEP or SIB-1893 to hepatocytes reduced both the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell toxicity induced by t-BuOOH (tBuOOH=70+/-5%; tBuOOH+MPEP=57+/-6%; tBuOOH+SIB-1893=40+/-4%). In mice, a single injection of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg, i.p.) induced centrilobular liver necrosis, which was detectable after 24 h. MPEP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) substantially reduced liver necrosis and the production of ROS, although it did not affect the conversion of acetaminophen into the toxic metabolite, N-acetylbenzoquinoneimine. MPEP, SIB-1893 and SIB-1757 (all at 20 mg/kg, i.p.) also reduced the increased expression and activity of liver iNOS induced by acetaminophen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that pharmacological blockade of mGlu5 receptors might represent a novel target for the treatment of drug-induced liver damage.
authors.affiliation: I.N.M. Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, 86077 (Isernia), Pozzilli, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storto
authors.forename: Richard Teke
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ngomba
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffini
authors.forename: Plinio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richelmi
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Mariapia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vairetti
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010621:Phenazopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C120147:SIB 1757; C120148:SIB 1893; D000082:Acetaminophen; C121465:6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D010621:Phenazopyridine