title: Prospective study on incidence and functional impact of transient neurologic symptoms associated with 1% versus 5% hyperbaric lidocaine in short urologic procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to compare the incidence, onset, duration and pain scores of transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) with 1% versus 5% hyperbaric lidocaine in spinal anesthesia for short urological procedures in a large prospective study. This study would also evaluate patient satisfaction, and impact of TNS on functional recovery to assess the clinical significance of TNS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Four hundred fifty-three patients undergoing short transurethral procedures were randomized to receive 1% or 5% hyperbaric lidocaine. Eighty milligrams of 1% or 5% hyperbaric lidocaine was administered. During the first 3 days after surgery, the presence of TNS, its intensity and duration, and patient functional level were recorded. An intention-to-treat analysis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the incidence of TNS (21% vs. 18%) between 1% versus 5% lidocaine. Patients with TNS had significantly higher pain scores (5.3 +/- 3 vs. 2.3 +/- 3) than patients without TNS during the first 24 h. This difference in pain scores persisted until 72 h postoperatively. There was a significant difference in the daily activities functional scores (2.2 +/- 1 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.8) of TNS non-TNS patients during the first 24 h postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in the incidence of TNS between the 1% versus 5% spinal lidocaine groups. Pain scores were higher in patients with TNS than those who did not have TNS. During the first 48 h postop, a small proportion of patients who had TNS experienced functional impairment of walking, sitting, and sleeping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bremang
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mezei
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Streiner
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine; D003061:Codeine