title: Effect of adrenergic stimulation on action potential duration restitution in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhanced sympathetic activity facilitates complex ventricular arrhythmias and fibrillation. The restitution properties of action potential duration (APD) are important determinants of electrical stability in the myocardium. Steepening of the slope of APD restitution has been shown to promote wave break and ventricular fibrillation. The effect of adrenergic stimulation on APD restitution in humans is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Monophasic action potentials were recorded from the right ventricular septum in 18 patients. Standard APD restitution curves were constructed at 3 basic drive cycle lengths (CLs) of 600, 500, and 400 ms under resting conditions and during infusion of isoprenaline (15 patients) or adrenaline (3 patients). The maximum slope of the restitution curves was measured by piecewise linear regression segments of sequential 40-ms ranges of diastolic intervals in steps of 10 ms. Under control conditions, the maximum slope was steeper at longer basic CLs; eg, mean values for the maximum slope were 1.053+/-0.092 at CL 600 ms and 0.711+/-0.049 at CL 400 ms (+/-SEM). Isoprenaline increased the steepness of the maximum slope of APD restitution, eg, from a maximum slope of 0.923+/-0.058 to a maximum slope of 1.202+/-0.121 at CL 500 ms. The effect of isoprenaline was greater at the shorter basic CLs. A similar overall effect was observed with adrenaline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adrenergic agonists isoprenaline and adrenaline increased the steepness of the slope of the APD restitution curve in humans over a wide range of diastolic intervals. These results may relate to the known effects of adrenergic stimulation in facilitating ventricular fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: The Hatter Institute, Department of Cardiology, University College London HospitalsLondon, WC1E 6DB. peter.taggart@uclh.org.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chalabi
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boyett
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Jaswinder S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D007545:Isoproterenol; D004837:Epinephrine