title: Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults, and seniors of Catalonia, Spain.
abstract: This study was designed to estimate the dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain. The concentrations of these elements were determined in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia between June and August 2000. A total of 11 food groups were included in the study. As, Cd, Hg, and Pb levels were measured by ICP-MS and AAS. The dietary intake of these elements was determined by a total diet study. Calculations were carried out on the basis of recent data on the consumption of the selected food items. Trace element intake was estimated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male and female adults, and seniors. The highest dietary intakes of As (223.6 microg/day), Cd (15.7 microg/day), Hg (21.2 microg/day), and Pb (28.4 microg/day) corresponded to male adults. For all analyzed elements, fish and shellfish was the group showing the highest contribution to the respective intakes. In comparison with previous results, a general decrease in As, Cd, Hg, and Pb intake has occurred. The dietary intake of these elements was also compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by the population of Catalonia are currently well below the respective PTWIs.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Llobet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falcó
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixidó
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Domingo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008628:Mercury / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic