title: [Scanning electron microscopy study on different orthodontic methods of using fluoride in enamel white spot prevention].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which method of topical fluoride application could make the enamel uptake more fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups of 4 teeth each: Group 1, control and not applying fluoride; Group 2, applying fluoride during etching; Group 3, applying fluoride after etching. In each group, the teeth were treated with etching and fluoride respectively. The specimens were then examined with scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there were more reaction products on the enamel surface of Group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was more fluoride uptake into the enamel treated with fluoride after etching.
authors.affiliation: College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical