title: New applications of electron diffraction in the pharmaceutical industry: polymorph determination by using a combination of electron diffraction and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction techniques.
abstract: Electron diffraction has been recently used in the pharmaceutical industry to study the polymorphism in crystalline drug substances. While conventional X-ray diffraction patterns could not be used to determine the cell parameters of two forms of the microcrystalline GP IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist roxifiban, a combination of electron single-crystal and synchrotron powder diffraction techniques were able to clearly distinguish the two polymorphs. The unit-cell parameters of the two polymorphs were ultimately determined using new software routines designed to take advantage of each technique's unique capabilities. The combined use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron patterns appears to be a good general approach for characterizing complex (low-symmetry, large-unit-cell, micron-sized) polymorphic pharmaceutical compounds.
authors.affiliation: Central Research & Development, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Experimental Station, DuPont Company, Wilmington, DE 19880-0228, USA.
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Harlow
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Foris
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Vickery
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Toby
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004345:Drug Industry; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D033362:Powder Diffraction / Q000379:methods*; D011208:Powders; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D007555:Isoxazoles; D011208:Powders; C118235:roxifiban