title: Transmitter characteristics of cutaneous, renal and skeletal muscle small arteries in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied transmitter characteristics of proximal and distal arteries supplying skin (saphenous artery and its medial tarsal branch), kidneys (terminal branches of renal artery and interlobar arteries) and skeletal muscle (proximal and distal sections of external sural artery).
  
  
  METHODS
  Artery segments were mounted in an isometric myograph and intramural nerves were activated by electrical field stimulation. Adrenergic and purinergic components of the neurogenic response were blocked using phenoxybenzamine and alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate (mATP), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arteries from skin or kidney developed rapid and prominent neurogenic contractile responses, with half-maximal amplitude reached within 5-15 s; responses in proximal vessels were greater than in distal vessels. Arteries from skeletal muscle responded to sympathetic stimulation with a moderate contraction developing over 1 min or more, the response of distal segments was greater than that of proximal segments. In skeletal muscle vessels the sympathetically evoked contraction was completely blocked by phenoxybenzamine, whereas in skin and renal vessels it was the combined effect of noradrenaline and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Given alone, mATP did not change the magnitude of the response to nerve stimulation, but increased its latency and also potentiated the response to exogenous noradrenaline. In all vascular beds, distal vessels were more sensitive to noradrenaline and mATP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It thus appears that the noradrenaline/ATP ratio of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response differs between vascular beds in a way that is consistent with known differences in the selective regulation of regional vascular resistance by the sympathetic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Animal Physiology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tarasova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sjöblom-Widfeldt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000502:physiology; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; D009638:Norepinephrine