title: The hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of a zeolite-containing root filling material in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study characterized the hemolysis and cytotoxicity of ZUT, an experimental glass ionomer cement (GIC) sealer with an added antimicrobial-containing zeolite (0.2% Zeomic w/w).
  
  
  METHODS
  ZUT, Ketac-Cem (GIC component of ZUT), Ketac-Endo, and two AH 26 sealer formulations were tested at various times after mixing. Hemolysis produced by standardized specimens was determined spectrophotometrically (n = 6/material). Cytotoxicity was assessed by using a Millipore Filter test with a HeLa cell monolayer (n = 10/material). Tests were repeated, and results were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (alpha = .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Disks of AH 26 containing silver produced the most hemolysis of all test groups (P < .0001). Compared to controls, GICs and AH 26 formulations were noncytotoxic at 1 and 6 hours after mixing, respectively (P > .05). Addition of Zeomic did not increase the cytotoxic and hemolytic activity of Ketac-Cem (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall results suggest ZUT is less cytotoxic than AH 26 and possesses characteristics similar to the other GIC formulations tested.
authors.affiliation: Master of Science Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. D.Thom@attcanada.ca
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Thom
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Santerre
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D017641:Zeolites / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C074934:Ketac Endo; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017641:Zeolites; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; C040235:Ketac-cem; D014025:Titanium; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth