title: Animal models for the study of HBV infection and the evaluation of new anti-HBV strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to evaluate the anti-HBV activity of a novel L-nucleoside analog, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), in study models of HBV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Its mechanism of action was evaluated on the in vitro expressed duck HBV (DHBV) reverse transcriptase and in primary hepatocyte cultures of duck and human origin. The capacity of antiviral therapy to clear viral infection was analyzed in vivo in the duck and woodchuck models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta-L-Fd4C-TP exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on the RT activity of the DHBV polymerase than other cytidine analogs (lamivudine-TP, ddC-TP, beta-L-FddC-TP). In primary duck hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis but could not clear viral cccDNA. In vivo treatment with beta-L-Fd4C in infected ducklings and woodchucks, induced a greater suppression of viremia and intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis than with lamivudine. However, covalently closed circular DNA persistence explained the relapse of viral replication after treatment withdrawal. Viral spread was strongly reduced in the case of early therapeutical intervention, but the number of infected cells did not decline when therapy was started during chronic infection. Liver histology analysis showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis while no ultrastructural modification of liver cells was observed in electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, in human primary hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C induced a significant inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  beta-L-Fd4C is a potent inhibitor of hepadnavirus RT and inhibits viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental studies allowed as to show that beta-L-Fd4C is a promising anti-HBV agent. Combination therapy should be evaluated to eradicate viral infection.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U271 and Liver Department, Lyon, France. zoulim@lyon.inserm.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoulim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berthillon
authors.forename: F L E
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Guerhier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seigneres
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Germon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichoud
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004372:Ducks; D018347:Hepadnaviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015611:Hepatitis B Virus, Duck / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017919:Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006524:Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008392:Marmota; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016047:Zalcitabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D016047:Zalcitabine; C099405:dexelvucitabine