title: The dissipation, distribution and fate of a branched 14C-nonylphenol isomer in lake water/sediment systems.
abstract: A single tertiary isomer which is believed to be one of the major branched isomers of the isomeric nonylphenol was synthesized for use in investigations on its metabolism and estrogenicity in aquatic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of the isomer were determined to enable the prediction of its behaviour in aquatic environments. From laboratory investigations on its dissipation and distribution in lake water, which are reported in this paper, it was found that it had a half-life of dissipation of 38.1 days and 20.1 days in an open lake water and in an open lake water/ sediment system, respectively, and to be rapidly partitioned in to sediment giving a high concentration factor of 1.76 after 28 days with an initial dose concentration of 2.52 ppm. The main dissipation route was found to occur through volatilization and co-distillation. The isomer was, however, found to be resistant to biodegradation in both the lake water and sediment, showing only a slight 9% loss (after 56 days) and 4.2% loss (after 28 days), of the 14C-residues in lake water and lake water/sediment systems, respectively, by microbial activity. Transformation to other more polar metabolites possibly by hydroxylation was also found to be minimal in both lake water and sediment samples after 14 days by HPLC analysis. After 7 days, only 2.25 and 7.4% transformation to a more polar metabolite was detected in lake water and sediment samples, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, PO Box 333, Maseno, Kenya. lalah64@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lalah
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henkelmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behechti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kettrup
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006207:Half-Life; D007536:Isomerism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C025256:nonylphenol