title: Emergency department investigation of deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To apply a previously validated clinical model for predicting pre-test probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) to patients attending an emergency department with symptoms suggestive of DVT and assess its reproducibility in the patient population. To measure the diagnostic value of the SimpliRED D-dimer assay in effectively excluding DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study between March 1999 and October 2000 of adult patients attending with suspected DVT. Patients were assessed using Wells' clinical prediction tool and risk stratified. SimpliRED D-dimer estimations were then performed and compression ultrasonography arranged. The pre-test probabilities of DVT in the low, moderate, and high risk groups of Wells' original cohort were compared with the authors' figures and the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the SimpliRED assay calculated for the patient population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of Wells' criteria to patients in the department permitted stratification into high, moderate, and low risk groups (prevalence of DVT 58.3%, 8.9%, and 1.5% respectively). SimpliRED D-dimer assay sensitivity was 63.4% with specificity of 74.8%, with a likelihood ratio of 2.52 for a positive test and 0.49 for a negative test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical risk stratification allowed patients to be categorised into high, moderate, and low risk groups, albeit with less discriminatory power than originally described by Wells. The low sensitivity of the SimpliRED D-dimer assay when used routinely in a busy emergency department raises substantial doubt over the use of this test to rule out DVT, even in low risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK. dakilroy@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kilroy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodacre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*