title: [Research of ultra-structural pathological changes of nervous, endocrine and immune system in heroin addicts].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate ultrastructural pathological changes of Heroin-Addicts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heroin-Addicts' central nervous system, endocrine system, immune system and reproductive system in 4 cases are observed by using transmission electron microscope(TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes of central nervous system are mitochondrion swelling, crista fragmentation and disappear. Endoplasmic reticulum dilation, nervous fibres and cell organelles reduction; mitochondrion swelling, Partial crista fragmentation and endoplasmic reticulum dilation are also found in endocrine system; Lymphocytes reduction, cytoplasm ingredient reduction and dead lymphocytes increase in immune system; in reproductive system, spermatogenic cells and cell organelles are reduced in the male and follicle disappeared in the female.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultra-structural pathological changes of heroin-addicts are presented acute, chronic oxygen deficiency degeneration and necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650031.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Z T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron