title: Resistance exercise, the Valsalva maneuver, and cerebrovascular transmural pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the acute effects of resistance exercise (RE) performed without a Valsalva maneuver (VM) versus a VM performed alone on systolic pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebrovascular transmural pressure (CVTMP) (i.e., the important pressure that stresses the cerebral arterial and aneurysmal walls and calculated as systolic pressure minus ICP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects for this study consisted of seven (mean +/- SD, Age: 39 +/- 14 yr) fully alert, cooperative, and clinically stable individuals who recently underwent various neurosurgical operations. Heart rate, systolic pressure, ICP, and CVTMP were obtained at rest, during a VM, and during submaximal (8.0 +/- 3.0 kg performed for 18 +/- 10 repetitions) unilateral bicep curl RE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VM resulted in a significantly greater increase in ICP (VM: 31 +/- 14 mm Hg vs RE: 16 +/- 7 mm Hg, P< 0.05) with a concomitant decrease in CVTMP (VM: 106 +/- 22 mm Hg vs RE: 132 +/- 14 mm Hg, P< 0.05) compared with unilateral bicep curl RE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral bicep curl RE results in a greater increase in CVTMP compared to a VM performed alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mark.haykowsky@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haykowsky
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Eves
authors.forename: Darren E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: R  Warburton
authors.forename: Max J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Findlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008875:Middle Aged; D013599:Systole; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*