title: [A study of the mechanism of effects of solution containing trace elements on remineralization layer formation of enamel carious lesions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of several remineralization solutions with different composition on the artificial demineralization lesions of bovine enamel and the mechanism of remineralization layer formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 bovine teeth were selected and artificial carious lesions were formed with lactic acid gel. Then all specimens were divided into 4 groups which contained no fluoride, fluoride, fluoride-calcium-phosphate-tin, and de-ionic water separately, and the de-ionic group was taken as control. The structure and composition of the sediments on the enamel surface were evaluated and detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Histological change of enamel section was examined by polarized microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, all the solutions had remineralization effects, especially the solutions containing trace elements. XPS showed that there were sediments formed on the surface of carious lesion, the compositions of the sediments were CaF2, HAP and non-specifically absorbed fluoride (NSAF). Irregular, crystal deposits were also found under SEM on the enamel surface. The polarized microscopy results showed that the observed demineralization areas decreased after exposure to the solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Solutions containing fluoride and trace elements were effective on remineralization. The possible mechanism is that CaF2 and NSAF, instead of FA formed in the remineralization layer. Moreover, the remineralization effects of the fluoride solutions containing trace elements are more outstanding than that without trace elements. The potential mechanism is the synergistic action of fluoride and trace elements.
authors.affiliation: College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D014131:Trace Elements