title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor: single center experience comparing clamping and no clamping techniques of the renal vasculature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed a nonrandomized retrospective comparison of 2 techniques for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, that is without and with clamping the renal vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1997 and February 2002, 28 consecutive patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor. In group 1 (12 patients) partial nephrectomy was performed with ultrasonic shears and bipolar cautery without clamping the renal vessels, while in group 2 (16 patients) the renal pedicle was clamped before tumor excision. In group 2 patients intracorporeal kidney cooling was achieved by a ureteral catheter connected to 4C solution. Intracorporeal freehand suturing techniques were used to close the collecting system when opened and approximate the renal parenchyma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were successfully completed laparoscopically. Mean renal ischemia time +/- SD was 27.3 +/- 7 minutes (range 15 to 47) in group 2 patients. Mean laparoscopic operating time was 179.1 +/- 86 minutes (range 90 to 390) in group 1 compared with 121.5 +/- 37 minutes (range 60 to 210) in group 2 (p = 0.004). Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (708.3 +/- 569 versus 270.3 +/- 281 ml., p = 0.014). Three patients in group 1 and 2 in group 2 required blood transfusions. Immediately postoperatively mean creatinine was 1.26 +/- 0.36 and 1.45 +/- 0.61 mg./dl. in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.075). Surgical margins were negative in all specimens. Pathological examination revealed renal cell cancer in 18 cases (stages pT1 in 17 and pT3a in 1), oncocytoma in 4, angiomyolipoma in 5 and renal adenoma in 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy represents a feasible option for patients with small renal masses. Clamping the renal vessels during tumor resection and suturing the kidney mimics the open technique and seems to be associated with less blood loss and shorter laparoscopic operative time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guillonneau
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bermúdez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Fettouh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adorno Rosa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baumert
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cathelineau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fromont
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vallancien
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies