title: Morphological characterization of the Alpha A- and Alpha B-crystallin double knockout mouse lens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One approach to resolving some of the in vivo functions of alpha-crystallin is to generate animal models where one or both of the alpha-crystallin gene products have been eliminated. In the single alpha-crystallin knockout mice, the remaining alpha-crystallin may fully or partially compensate for some of the functions of the missing protein, especially in the lens, where both alpha A and alpha B are normally expressed at high levels. The purpose of this study was to characterize gross lenticular morphology in normal mice and mice with the targeted disruption of alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin genes (alpha A/BKO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lenses from 129SvEvTac mice and alpha A/BKO mice were examined by standard scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy methodologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equatorial and axial (sagittal) dimensions of lenses for alpha A/BKO mice were significantly smaller than age-matched wild type lenses. No posterior sutures or fiber cells extending to the posterior capsule of the lens were found in alpha A/BKO lenses. Ectopical nucleic acid staining was observed in the posterior subcapsular region of 5 wk and anterior subcapsular cortex of 54 wk alpha A/BKO lenses. Gross morphological differences were also observed in the equatorial/bow, posterior and anterior regions of lenses from alpha A/BKO mice as compared to wild mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that both alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin are necessary for proper fiber cell formation, and that the absence of alpha-crystallin can lead to cataract formation.
authors.affiliation: Kansas State University, Division of Biology, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS, USA. dboyle@ksu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Eric F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wawrousek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D038202:alpha-Crystallin A Chain / Q000502:physiology*; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D038202:alpha-Crystallin A Chain; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain