title: Pyramidal tract mapping by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: improving correlations with disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome measures such as T2 lesion load correlate poorly with disability in multiple sclerosis. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain can provide unique information regarding the orientation and integrity of white matter tracts in vivo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use this information to map the pyramidal tracts of patients with multiple sclerosis, investigate the relation between burden of disease in the tracts and disability, and compare this with more global magnetic resonance estimates of disease burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 17 healthy volunteers were studied with DTI. An algorithm was used that automatically produced anatomically plausible maps of white matter tracts. The integrity of the pyramidal tracts was assessed using relative anisotropy and a novel measure (L(t)) derived from the compounded relative anisotropy along the tracts. The methods were compared with both traditional and more recent techniques for measuring disease burden in multiple sclerosis (T2 lesion load and "whole brain" diffusion histograms).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative anisotropy and L(t) were significantly lower in patients than controls (p < 0.05). Pyramidal tract L(t) in the patients correlated significantly with both expanded disability status scale (r = -0.48, p < 0.05), and to a greater degree, the pyramidal Kurtzke functional system score (KFS-p) (r = -0.75, p < 0.0001). T2 lesion load and diffusion histogram parameters did not correlate with disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tract mapping using DTI is feasible and may increase the specificity of MRI in multiple sclerosis by matching appropriate tracts with specific clinical scoring systems. These techniques may be applicable to a wide range of neurological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK. doctormartin.wilson@virgin.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tench
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Blumhardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D017281:Cost of Illness; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software