title: Comparison of sliced lungs with whole lung sets for a torso phantom measured with Ge detectors using Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP).
abstract: Lung counters are generally used to measure low energy photons (<100 keV). They are usually calibrated with lung sets that are manufactured from a lung tissue substitute material that contains homogeneously distributed activity; however, it is difficult to verify either the activity in the phantom or the homogeneity of the activity distribution without destructive testing. Lung sets can have activities that are as much as 25% different from the expected value. An alternative method to using whole lungs to calibrate a lung counter is to use a sliced lung with planar inserts. Experimental work has already indicated that this alternative method of calibration can be a satisfactory substitute. This work has extended the experimental study by the use of Monte Carlo simulation to validate that sliced and whole lungs are equivalent. It also has determined the optimum slice thicknesses that separate the planar sources in the sliced lung. Slice thicknesses have been investigated in the range of 0.5 cm to 9.0 cm and at photon energies from 17 keV to 1,000 keV. Results have shown that there is little difference between sliced and whole lungs at low energies providing that the slice thickness is 2.0 cm or less. As the photon energy rises the slice thickness can increase substantially with no degradation on equivalence.
authors.affiliation: Human Monitoring Laboratory, Environmental Radiation Hazards Division, Radiation Protection Bureau, 775 Brookfield Road, PL6302D1, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada. gary_h_kramer@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerriere
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D005857:Germanium / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D005857:Germanium