title: Altered circulating hormone levels, endothelial function and vascular reactivity in the testicular feminised mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Testicular feminised (Tfm) mice express a non-functional androgen receptor, and also have reduced levels of circulating testosterone. Recent studies support a cardio-protective role for testosterone since it elicits systemic and pulmonary vasodilatation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether androgen insensitivity and hypotestosteronaemia in the Tfm mouse are associated with abnormal vascular reactivity or hormone status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Tfm and littermate control mice were killed and the blood collected. Femoral (diameter range = 183-508 microm) and pulmonary (diameter range = 320-816 microm) arteries were dissected and loaded in either a wire or pressure myograph, at 100 mmHg or 17.5 mmHg respectively. Pharmacological assessment of the vasoreactivity to potassium chloride (KCl, 80 mmol/l) and either noradrenaline (NA, 1 nmol/l-100 micromol/l) and acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1-100 micromol/l) or testosterone (1 nmol/l-100 micromol/l) was then made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tfm mice had reduced levels of testosterone (1.8+/-0.3 nmol/l) compared with controls (9.3+/-2.0 nmol/l, P<0.001) and elevated levels of cholesterol (3.6+0.1 mmol/l) compared with controls (3.2+0.1 mmol/l, P<0.05). Femoral arteries from Tfm mice exhibited reduced vasoconstriction to 80 mmol/l KCl (3.27+/-0.23 mN/mm) compared with vessels from controls (4.44+/-0.41 mN/mm, P<0.05), and reduced endothelial-dependent vasodilatation to 0.1-100 micromol/l ACh (23.3+/-3.6% relaxation) compared with vessels from controls (41.6+/-5.4% relaxation, P<0.05). Vasoconstriction to NA (1 nmol/l-100 micromol/l) and vasodilatation to testosterone were unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Androgen receptor deficiency and hypotestosteronaemia in the Tfm mouse reduced endothelial function and impaired voltage-operated calcium channel activity, which may pre-dispose to cardiovascular disease. Testosterone-induced vasodilatation was unaffected, demonstrating no involvement of the androgen receptor in this response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK. R.D.Jones@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Channer
authors.forename: T Hugh
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D013734:Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D003187:Compliance; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009213:Myography; D011312:Pressure; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone