title: Further aspects on cellular and cordless telephones and brain tumours.
abstract: We included in a case-control study on brain tumours and mobile and cordless telephones 1,617 patients aged 20-80 years of both sexes diagnosed during January 1, 1997 to June 30, 2000. They were alive at the study time and had histopathology verified brain tumour. One matched control to each case was selected from the Swedish Population Register. The study area was the Uppsala-Orebro, Stockholm, Linköping and Göteborg medical regions of Sweden. Exposure was assessed by a questionnaire that was answered by 1,429 (88%) cases and 1,470 (91%) controls. In total use of analogue cellular telephones gave an increased risk with odds ratio (OR)=1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-1.6, whereas digital and cordless phones did not overall increase the risk significantly. Ipsilateral use of analogue phones gave OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.2-2.3, digital phones OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.02-1.8 and cordless phones OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.9-1.6. The risk for ipsilateral use was significantly increased for astrocytoma for all studied phone types, analogue phones OR=1.8,95% CI=1.1-3.2, digital phones OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.8, cordless phones OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.9. Use of a telephone on the opposite side of the brain was not associated with a significantly increased risk for brain tumours. Regarding anatomical area of the tumour and exposure to microwaves, the risk was increased for tumours located in the temporal area on the same side of the brain that was used during phone calls, significantly so for analogue cellular telephones OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.2-4.1. For acoustic neurinoma OR=4.4, 95% CI=2.1-9.2 was calculated among analogue cellular telephone users. When duration of use was analysed as a continuous variable in the total material, the risk increased per year for analogue phones with OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.08. For astrocytoma and ipsilateral use the trend was for analogue phones OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02-1.19, digital phones OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.01-1.22, and cordless phones OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.19. There was a tendency of a shorter tumour induction period for ipsilateral exposure to microwaves than for contralateral, which may indicate a tumour promotor effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, S-701 85 Orebro, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hardell
authors.forename: Kjell Hansson
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mild
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000145:classification; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013689:Telephone; D013702:Temporal Lobe; D013997:Time Factors