title: Cardiovascular disease prevention.
abstract: In this chapter, we have reviewed many of the steps necessary for effective CHD risk reduction. The first step in the office setting is to assess the individual CHD risk. This combines the evaluation of current CHD or a "secondary risk equivalent" with the counting of risk factors and in many cases, the absolute risk calculation. The next steps are to consider each of the major modifiable risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking status) to set goals for each and then work to achieve those goals through lifestyle changes and medication therapy. We reviewed each of these risk factors in detail and then turned to a discussion of emerging risk factors that may help "fine-tune" the risk assessment in some borderline cases. We also discussed additional non-invasive testing that is available to the clinician to help refine the assessment of current burden of disease. Finally, we discuss some of the barriers that exist on both a global and local level to effective treatment of CHD risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, #3248 600 Highland Avenue H6/349, Madison, WI 53792, USA. jgk@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Keevil
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D011314:Preventive Health Services; D011322:Primary Prevention; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids