title: Hypertension and combinations of cardiovascular risk factors. An epidemiologic case-control study in an adult population in Guadeloupe (FWI).
abstract: Our aim was to quantify the association between hypertension and four well-known cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood glucose, smoking) and to determine the extent of their combinations in hypertensive subjects in an adult population in Guadeloupe (FWI). A case-control study was conducted in 1999. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension according to cardiovascular risk factors were calculated by a logistic regression model. In all, 4210 subjects were included in the study: 2105 hypertensives and 2105 age and sex matched non-hypertensive controls. In the hypertensives, obesity (30%) was the most frequent risk factor followed by dyslipidemia (23.2%), current smoking (11.5%) and high blood glucose (8.2%). But, prevalence of current smokers was higher in normotensives (13.9 vs. 11.5%, p < 0.01). Among cases, 44.5% had no risk factor other than hypertension. The proportion of subjects with multiple risks factors (< or = 2) was higher in hypertensives than in controls (55.5 vs. 6.5%,p < 0.001) and higher in women than in men in cases (58.1 vs. 51.8%, p = 0.005). The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of hypertension were 2.41 (2.02-2.88) for obesity, 1.39 (1.16-1.66) for dyslipidemia and 1.67 (1.20-2.32) for high blood glucose. Our study documents the high prevalence of combinations of cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive subjects in Guadeloupe and confirms the need of a global risk approach in prevention and treatment of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Information Médicale et de Santé Publique, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. lydia.foucan@chu-guadeloupe.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foucan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bangou-Brédent
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ekouévi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deloumeaux
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roset
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kangambega
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D019430:Guadeloupe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose