title: Systematic assessment of clinical practice guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically evaluate the quality of the development of guidelines for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica search for published guidelines, followed by independent evaluation by two reviewers, according to previously reported guideline development quality criteria, on a three-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five national COPD guidelines and two international COPD guidelines were retrieved. Reviewers demonstrated good inter-observer agreement in assessing the 10 combined guideline development criteria for the seven guidelines [kappa = 0.66]. Guidelines were only partly multi-disciplinary with little or no consumer input, were up to 48 pages in length, and often lacked practical summaries or management flow charts which could have facilitated retrieval of key management recommendations. Almost all the papers were based upon a consensus approach, rather than evidence based, and methods of resolution of differences of opinion were not stated. Patient outcomes, ethical and medico-legal implications were not addressed and six of the guidelines were sponsored directly or indirectly by a single drug company.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of COPD guidelines being reported by major national bodies for over a decade now, most fail to meet important criteria for high-quality guideline development, and evaluation of clinical impact remains undetermined.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia. brian.smith@nwahs.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hender
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheok
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spedding
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D015588:Observer Variation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results