title: Hepatitis C, iron status, and disease severity: relationship with HFE mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mild to moderate hepatic iron loading is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We sought to determine whether mutations in the hemochromatosis gene, HFE, are associated with iron overload and acceleration of disease progression in hepatitis C patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 316 patients with chronic hepatitis C were studied: 198 consecutive patients undergoing liver biopsy for compensated liver disease and 118 who underwent liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Serum iron studies, quantitative hepatic iron concentration, histologic activity index, and HFE genotype were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients with compensated liver disease, the presence of HFE mutations was independently associated with elevations in serum iron level, serum transferrin-iron saturation, serum ferritin level, and hepatic iron index (P < 0.05). After adjustment for duration of infection with hepatitis C virus, HFE mutations were also independently associated with the presence of bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis (odds ratio, 18; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-193). HFE mutations were not independently associated with iron loading in patients with end-stage liver disease. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HFE mutations between patients with compensated and end-stage liver disease (42% vs. 33%, respectively; P = 0.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of HFE mutations is independently associated with iron loading and advanced fibrosis in patients with compensated liver disease from chronic hepatitis C, especially after controlling for duration of disease. These results suggest that HFE mutations accelerate hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C but may not be responsible for progression to end-stage liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bronner
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Raaka
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cotler
authors.forename: Kris V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Kowdley
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C103673:HFE protein, human; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014168:Transferrin; D007501:Iron