title: EGFR family signaling and its association with breast cancer development and resistance to chemotherapy (Review).
abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGFRs) and signaling pathways activated by these receptors have been associated with development of breast cancer as well as its resistance to treatment with cytotoxic drugs. This review describes the current understanding of EGFRs and their downstream signaling pathways. Emphasis is placed upon Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling pathways and their relationship to regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Also discussed is the relationship between these signaling pathways and response of breast cancer to chemotherapeutic treatment. An appreciation of how these signaling pathways relate to development of breast cancer and its response to chemotherapy may lead to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Navolanic
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Steelman
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubrey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D018773:Genes, erbB-1; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020880:Neuregulins / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D006133:Growth Substances; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020880:Neuregulins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D066246:ErbB Receptors