title: Integrins expressed with bladder extracellular matrix after stretch injury in vivo mediate bladder smooth muscle cell growth in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unknown how bladder smooth muscle cells sense extrinsic mechanical stimuli. The integrins are a large versatile family of transmembrane mechanoreceptors that transduce extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations into the cell, thereby, regulating proliferation, differentiation and ECM synthesis. To our knowledge we provide the first evidence that the integrins may be involved in responses to whole bladder distention and bladder smooth muscle cell stretch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladders from 100 to 120 gm. rats were stretched to 40 cm. H2O for 5 minutes. Five to 96 hours after distention whole bladder mRNAs were isolated for analysis of temporal expression of collagen and integrin genes. Separately quiescent primary culture bladder smooth muscle cells from 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were stretched cyclically for 4 hours. Relative expression of select integrin subunit mRNAs was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Integrin blockade with asparagine-glycine-arginine peptides was used to determine the role of integrins in stretch induced proliferation and the cell cycle in bladder smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 24 hours bladder distention stimulated collagen expression 2-fold (type I) and 5-fold (type III). Collagen levels beyond 24 hours were 8-fold (type I) and 2-fold (type III) greater than in controls, revealing an inverse temporal type I-to-III ratio beyond 24 hours. Coordinate alterations were observed in integrin and collagen expression. In vitro bladder smooth muscle cell integrin beta1, beta3 and alphav subunit expression was increased by mechanical stretch 2.5, 3.8 and 5-fold, respectively, while alpha1 expression decreased. Asparagine-glycine-arginine peptide inhibition of integrin function significantly inhibited stretch induced bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation and exit from the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge these results demonstrate for the first time that that bladder distention initiates dynamic alterations in ECM expression. The ability of integrin blockade to suppress stretch induced bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation and the coordinate changes in bladder ECM and integrin expression suggest that integrins mediate key responses to mechanical stimuli in the bladder. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis of resting and stretched bladder smooth muscle cells revealed novel avenues for the examination of integrin and stretch regulation of bladder smooth muscle cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair Division, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute and Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damdar
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolduc
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bagli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004548:Elasticity; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016023:Integrins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D012333:RNA, Messenger