title: Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of dynamic MR imaging with dynamic double arterial phase helical CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transformation-enhanced fast gradient-echo sequences with a special spectral inversion recovery pulse and fat suppression developed for abdominal imaging, including MR angiography, can show enhanced areas clearly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dynamic MR imaging with the pulse sequences for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by comparing it with that of dynamic helical CT with double arterial phase imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with 103 hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma nodules who underwent both dynamic MR imaging with 3D Fourier transformation-enhanced fast gradient-echo sequences with a special spectral inversion recovery pulse and dynamic helical CT with double arterial phase imaging were enrolled in the study. For dynamic MR imaging, unenhanced, arterial, portal venous, and equilibrium phase images were obtained before and approximately 19, 60, and 120 sec, respectively, after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Three observers independently interpreted the images obtained with each technique in a blinded manner and in random order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean sensitivity and positive predictive values of CT for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (66% and 97%, respectively) were higher than those of MR imaging (63% and 96%, respectively), but there was no significant difference in detecting sensitivity among the observers (p < 0.05). CT and MR imaging were complementary, with some tumors undetected by CT but revealed on MR imaging. There was also no significant difference in A(z) values between CT (0.74) and MR imaging (0.71) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic MR imaging with 3D Fourier transformation-enhanced fast gradient-echo sequences with a special spectral inversion recovery pulse is recommended to improve the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in addition to the use of dynamic helical CT with double arterial phase imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Tonsok
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.forename: Syuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media