title: Small- and large-scale biosimulation applied to drug discovery and development.
abstract: Biosimulation uses mathematics to quantitatively represent the dynamics of biological systems and thereby analyze and predict system behavior. Biosimulations can be classified into two general categories: small-scale models designed to address a specific problem, and large-scale models of detailed regulatory mechanisms used to address a broad scope of questions. Both classes of biosimulations have been applied to problems important for drug discovery and development. Small-scale biosimulations have been particularly useful for interpreting clinical data and developing novel biomarkers. Large-scale biosimulations typically integrate a wide variety of data and can provide insights into how complex biological systems are regulated in both health and disease. Because large-scale biosimulations represent detailed regulatory mechanisms and their interactions, they can predict the overall clinical effect of modulating individual pathways or targets. In this mini-review, we describe several examples of how small- and large-scale biosimulations have been applied to problems important for drug development in diabetes, HIV, heart disease and asthma.
authors.affiliation: Entelos, Inc.,4040 Campbell Ave., Ste. 200, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. musante@entelos.com
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Musante
authors.forename: Annette K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose