title: Cognitive and psychosocial outcome of infants dialysed in infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To contribute further to the understanding of cognitive and psychosocial outcome of children with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 16 surviving infants at a single centre beginning peritoneal dialysis in the first year of life were studied. The age range of the children at assessment was 1.6-12.1 years. Children were assessed using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition UK, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Information regarding the child's hospital stay and family background was also collated. A Pearson's Product Moment correlation was used to analyse the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 67% of the children's scores fell within the average range, 87% were within at least two SDs of the norms (mean IQ = 86.6). Psychosocial adjustment measures revealed that 50% of scores fell within the borderline to abnormal category, suggesting that the frequency of psychological difficulties was above that of the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings lend support to recent studies indicating that, developmentally, children undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis are faring better than in the past. This may indeed be a reflection of improvements in renal treatment and diet. The behavioural results suggest the need to monitor psychological adjustment in this group of children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ledermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Blanco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Trompeter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012917:Social Adjustment