title: A set of loop-1 and -3 structures in the novel vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family member, VEGF-ENZ-7, is essential for the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling.
abstract: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays important roles in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Novel members of the VEGF family encoded in the Orf virus genome, VEGF-E, function as potent angiogenic factors by specifically binding and activating VEGFR-2 (KDR). VEGF-E is about 45% homologous to VEGF-A at amino acid levels, however, the amino acid residues in VEGF-A crucial for the VEGFR-2-binding are not conserved in VEGF-E. To understand the molecular basis of the biological activity of VEGF-E, we have functionally mapped residues important for interaction of VEGF-E with VEGFR-2 by exchanging the domains between VEGF-E(NZ-7) and PlGF, which binds only to VEGFR-1 (Flt-1). Exchange on the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions had no suppressive effect on biological activity. However, exchange on either the loop-1 or -3 region of VEGF-E(NZ-7) significantly reduced activities. On the other hand, introduction of the loop-1 and -3 of VEGF-E(NZ-7) to placenta growth factor rescued the biological activities. The chimera between VEGF-A and VEGF-E(NZ-7) gave essentially the same results. These findings strongly suggest that a common rule exists for VEGFR-2 ligands (VEGF-E(NZ-7) and VEGF-A) that they build up the binding structure for VEGFR-2 through the appropriate interaction between loop-1 and -3 regions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiba
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yabana
authors.forename: Masabumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019281:Dimerization; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D018411:Spodoptera; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008222:Lymphokines; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2