Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus: implications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Diabetes mellitus in adults is associated with an increased risk of premature vascular disease and a higher mortality rate. The presence of other risk factors, often seen in diabetic patients, such as systemic hypertension, augments the rate of vascular diseases. Evidence is growing that tight control of hyperglycemia using insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agents will modify this risk. More aggressive control of concomitant hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia is also required. Diabetic patients who have myocardial infarctions do worse than nondiabetic patients. Various strategies to improve outcomes include the use of tight blood glucose control, and various coronary interventions are currently under clinical study.
Ragucci
Enzo
E
Department of Medicine, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461-2373, USA.
Zonszein
Joel
J
Frishman
William H
WH
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000188:drug therapy
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin