title: Expression of IL-6 receptor in pancreatic cancer: involvement in VEGF induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic growth factors and its expression is correlated with MVD (microvascular density) in malignant tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in many patients with pancreatic cancer in accordance with their disease progression. In this study, we examined whether IL-6 and its receptors have any involvement in the induction of VEGF in pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two human pancreatic cancer cell lines were examined for the induction of VEGF after treatment with IL-6. Thirty-two pancreatic cancer surgical specimens were stained immunohistochemically with VEGF, IL-6 and IL-6 receptor antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFPAC-1 cells expressed IL-6 receptor whereas AsPC-1 cells rarely expressed it. IL-6 treatment induced VEGF expression significantly and dose-dependently in CFPAC-1 cells, while it did not change in AsPC-1 cells. The intensity of VEGF expression in CFPAC-1 also increased time-dependently with IL-6 treatment. In 32 surgical pancreatic cancer tissues, 19 (59%) stained positive for VEGF and 26 (87%) positive for IL-6 receptor beta subunit. The correlation between IL-6 receptors and VEGF was significant (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0019) while less correlation was seen between IL-6 and VEGF (p = 0.1937).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that IL-6 is likely to take part in VEGF expression in both paracrine and autocrine fashion in pancreatic cancer. Induction of VEGF seems to be regulated by the extent of the IL-6 receptor expression on cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. masui@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosotani
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Sidhartha Sin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tulachan
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors