title: Evidence of Wallerian degeneration in normal appearing white matter in the early stages of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a HMRS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wallerian degeneration in normal appearing white matter in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and its correlation with the number of relapses and disease duration. Background Recent pathological studies have demonstrated Wallerian degeneration in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS), in established RRMS, and in chronic MS. However, the presence of Wallerian degeneration early in the disease and its correlation with relapse and with disease duration has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in 21 MS patients, and 4 healthy controls, age and gender matched, aged under 45 years, with a maximum of 4 years since first bout, and an EDSS score of less than 3.0. N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) (an index of axonal integrity) was measured in the NAWM from the pons and the cerebellar peduncles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the NAA levels were abnormally low in the NAWM in the early RRMS patients (p = 0.04, Student's t-test). The decrease in the NAA concentration correlated with disease duration in the two areas studied (p = 0.03 for pons and p = 0.04 for cerebellar peduncle); and with the number of previous relapses (Pearson's correlation = -0.582, p < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wallerian degeneration measured by the NAA concentration at pons and cerebellar peduncles is present early in the disease and correlates with the number of relapses and disease duration.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Service, Hospital La Fe, Avd Campanar 21, València 46009, Spain. bcasanovae@meditex.es
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Bisbal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Celda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martí-Bonmatí
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Landente
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coret
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003404:Creatinine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003404:Creatinine