Quantification of PCDD/F concentrations in animal manure and comparison of the effects of the application of cattle manure and sewage sludge to agricultural land on human exposure to PCDD/Fs.
PCDD/Fs were quantified in samples of cattle, pig, sheep and chicken manure. TEQs ranged from 0.19 ng TEQ/kg dw for the pig manure to 20 ng TEQ/kg dw for one cattle manure sample. Exposure assessments were carried out to compare the effect of various sewage sludge and cattle manure land application scenarios on human PCDD/F exposure. Background exposure was estimated at 4.9 pg TEQ/kg bw/day and it was found that land application of sewage sludge and cattle manure at contemporary rates did not increase PCDD/F TEQ background exposure. It was concluded that the application of sewage sludge, under the new UK guidelines, and cattle manure to agricultural land, do not make a significant contribution to human exposure to PCDD/Fs.
Stevens
Joanna L
JL
Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
Jones
Kevin C
KC
D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012756:Sheep; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D006113:United Kingdom
D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D008372:Manure; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants