title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 and major trauma: time-dependent association with hepatic and renal insufficiency.
abstract: Dysbalance in the immune system is perceived as a major factor for adverse outcome after trauma. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation of cells, wound healing, and angiogenesis. The influence of TGF-beta1 on trauma patients outcome is still unclear. Injury patterns and clinical outcome parameters of 99 consecutive patients with life-threatening injury and an injury severity score (ISS) > 15 were assessed in a prospective, single-center study at a Level I trauma center. Levels of TGF-beta1 in plasma were measured over a 5-day period by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). TGF-beta1 plasma levels rise shortly after trauma and gradually drop as the 5th day approaches. Mean and maximal TGF-beta1 plasma levels were significantly higher in patients who developed sepsis and were significantly lower in patients with renal or hepatic failure. Receiver operating characteristics-curve analysis of liver failure shows an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (95%: 0.55-0.81, P = 0.02) and of an AUC of 0.63 (95%: 0.52-0.75, P = 0.03) for renal failure for maximal TGF-beta1 plasma (initial until day 2) levels if lower values represent a more positive test. The data indicate that the increase and decrease of TGF-beta1 plasma levels may contribute to clinical outcome after severe injury. Lower TGF-beta1 levels are associated with liver and renal insufficiency. Higher TGF-beta1 levels 6 h after ICU admission increase the risk of sepsis. TGF-beta1 seems to be an early onset reactant and not a second-line responsive cytokine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald and Unfallkrankenhaus, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhold Alexander
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Laun
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoppnies
authors.forename: Hans-Dietrich
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Röher
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekkernkamp
authors.forename: Klaus-Martin
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1