title: [Diagnosis and treatment of internal jugular phlebectasia (three cases report].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of patients with rare abnormal veins: the internal jugular phlebectasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with swollen during straining or crying were diagnosed as internal jugular vein dilatation by ultra-sonography, DSA and MRI. Then an operation of envelopment of the right internal jugular vein with the sternocleidomastoid muscle was performed in two cases. In the third case, the bilateral internal jugular ectasia, the right internal jugular vein were resected and the left internal jugular vein was enveloped with the resected vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These three patients were treated satisfactorily by operation, and no recurrence in the following two years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To those who want their internal jugular phlebectasia to be treated, the operation of envelopment of internal jugular vein with sternocleidomastoid muscle is a good method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional