title: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances anti-tumor effect of cytosine arabinoside on HL-60 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the potentiation of anti-tumor effect induced by cytosine arabinoside (AraC) with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth curve method and MTT assay were used to measure the cytotoxic effect of AraC alone or in combination with EGCG on HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry was used to study the cell cycle distribution of HL-60 cells. Nullification assay was used to examine whether EGCG would nullify the rescue effect of deoxycytidine (dCdR) to AraC. Western blot analysis was employed to investigate bcl-2 expression. Intracellular Ca2+ assay was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of HL-60 cell proliferation induced by AraC was enhanced by EGCG, with multiplication time prolonging from 48 h to 70 h and growth saturation density decreasing from 5.78 to 5.54. The MTT results indicated that IC50 was decreased from (0.34+/-0.29) micromol/L (AraC alone) to (0.11+/-0.09) micromol/L (P<0.05) (in combination with EGCG). Cell cycle analysis indicated that AraC blocked HL-60 cells in G1 phase, inhibited cells in S phase. EGCG had no effect on cell cycle at the current concentration, but enhanced the cell arrest by AraC. Nullification assay indicated that IC50 was 0.03 micromol/L (AraC alone), increased to 0.02 mmol/L when rescued with dCdR, and finally decreased to 4.8 micromol/L when addition with EGCG. The expression of bcl-2 protein was down-regulated after treatment with AraC in combination with EGCG. The intracellular Ca2+ was increased after treatment by AraC in combination with EGCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination with EGCG could enhance the anti-tumor effect of AraC on HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China. andrewfxu@sina.com
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong-Su
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhen
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D003561:Cytarabine; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D002118:Calcium