Characterization of a novel parainfluenza virus, caviid parainfluenza virus 3, from laboratory guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).
A novel Respirovirus was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from clinically normal laboratory guinea pigs, and was characterized and named caviid parainfluenza virus 3 (CavPIV-3). The CavPIV-3 is enveloped, is 100 to 300 nm in diameter, and has a characteristic 15-nm-diameter chevron-shaped virus ribonucleocapsid protein. Sequence analysis of the fusion glycoprotein of CavPIV-3 revealed it to be 94% identical to human and guinea pig parainfluenza 3 (PIV-3) viruses and 80% identical to bovine PIV-3. To determine whether CavPIV-3 causes clinical disease in laboratory guinea pigs and to compare the serologic response of guinea pigs to CavPIV-3 and to other paramyxoviruses, an infection study was performed, in which groups of guinea pigs were inoculated with CavPIV-3, Sendai virus, simian virus 5 (SV-5), murine pneumonia virus (PVM), or bovine PIV-3 virus. During the course of the study, guinea pigs were maintained in an infectious disease suite, housed in Micro-Isolator cages, and were only manipulated under a laminar flow hood. Clinical signs of disease were not observed in any of the paramyxovirus-inoculated guinea pigs during the eight-week course of the study, and histologic signs of disease were not evident at necropsy eight weeks after inoculation. Guinea pigs inoculated with CavPIV-3, Sendai virus, PVM, and bovine PIV-3 developed robust homologous or heterologous serologic responses. In contrast, guinea pigs inoculated with SV-5 developed modest or equivocal serologic responses, as assessed by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, use of the SV-5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay resulted in the highest degree of non-specific reactivity among all of the paramyxovirus assays. In summary, CavPIV-3 is a novel guinea pig Respirovirus that subclinically infects laboratory guinea pigs, resulting in a robust serologic response, but no observed clinical or histologic disease. The CavPIV-3 fusion glycoprotein gene sequence is available from GenBank as accession No. AF394241, and the CavPIV-3 virus is available from the American Type Culture Collection as accession No. DR-1547.
Simmons
Joe H
JH
Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, 1600 East Rollins Road, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
Purdy
Gregory A
GA
Franklin
Craig L
CL
Trottier
Pierre
P
Churchill
Anthony E
AE
Russell
Robert J
RJ
Besch-Williford
Cynthia L
CL
Riley
Lela K
LK
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins