title: Recombinant human interleukin 11 and bacterial infection in patients with [correction of] haematological malignant disease undergoing chemotherapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignant disease causes substantial morbidity. Recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL-11) prevents gastrointestinal epithelial disintegrity and has immunomodulatory actions. Our aim was to ascertain whether or not treatment with rhIL-11 can prevent gut-associated infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial, to which we enrolled 40 patients with haematological malignant disease who were undergoing chemotherapy. Patients received either rhIL-11 50 microg/kg (n=20) or placebo (n=20) daily by subcutaneous injection from the day before the start of chemotherapy until resolution of neutropenia or for 21 days, whichever was longer. Our primary outcome measure was a reduction in bacteraemia. Analysis was by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly fewer patients who received rhIL-11 rather than placebo developed bacteraemia, particularly of gastrointestinal origin: the proportion of patients with at least one positive blood culture was 0.65 and 0.25, respectively (p=0.02). The numbers of patients (placebo vs rhIL-11) for each number of distinct isolates were: no organism isolated seven versus 15, one organism nine versus four, two organisms two versus one, three organisms one versus none, and four organisms one versus none (p=0.01), suggesting a lower bacterial load in the rhIL-11 than in the placebo group. Time to first bacteraemic event was longer in patients who received rhIL-11 (p=0.03) than in those who received placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rhIL-11 reduces the frequency and load of bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignant disease undergoing chemotherapy, possibly by gastrointestinal cytoprotective or immunological mechanisms [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. michael.ellis@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hedström
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poynton
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jumaa
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wassell
authors.forename: Basel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: al-Ramadi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017370:Interleukin-11; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C105308:oprelvekin