title: Self-management education and regular practitioner review for adults with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health outcomes is less well established. This review was conducted to examine the strength of evidence supporting Step 6 of the Australian Asthma Management Plan: "Educate and Review Regularly"; to test whether health outcomes are influenced by education and self-management programmes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effects of asthma self-management programmes, when coupled with regular health practitioner review, on health outcomes in adults with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised trials of self-management education in adults over 16 years of age with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for confirmation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty six trials, which compared self-management education with usual care, were included. Self-management education reduced hospitalisations (relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.82); emergency room visits (relative risk 0.82, 95% confidence interval (0.73 to 0.94); unscheduled visits to the doctor (relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.81); days off work or school (relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.93); nocturnal asthma (relative risk 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.0.56 to 0.79); and quality of life (standard mean difference 0.29, confidence interval 0.11 to 0.47). Measures of lung function were little changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Education in asthma self-management which involves self-monitoring by either peak expiratory flow or symptoms, coupled with regular medical review and a written action plan improves health outcomes for adults with asthma. Training programmes that enable people to adjust their medication using a written action plan appear to be more effective than other forms of asthma self-management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Mail Centre, NSW, Australia. mdpgg@mail.newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coughlan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D004630:Emergencies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012648:Self Care