title: Identification of a functionally important conformation-sensitive region of the secretory Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1).
abstract: The secretory Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is a member of a small gene family of electroneutral salt transporters that play essential roles in salt and water homeostasis in many mammalian tissues. We have identified a highly conserved residue (Ala-483) in the sixth membrane-spanning segment of rat NKCC1 that when mutated to cysteine renders the transporter sensitive to inhibition by the sulfhydryl reagents 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) and 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSET). The mutation of Ala-483 to cysteine (A483C) results in little or no change in the affinities of NKCC1 for substrate ions but produces a 6-fold increase in sensitivity to the inhibitor bumetanide, suggesting a specific modification of the bumetanide binding site. When residues surrounding Ala-483 were mutated to cysteine, only I484C was sensitive to inhibition by MTSEA and MTSET. Surprisingly I484C showed increased transport activity in the presence of low concentrations of mercury (1-10 microm), whereas A483C showed inhibition. The inhibition of A483C by MTSEA was unaffected by the presence or absence of sodium and potassium but required the presence of extracellular chloride. Taken together, our results indicate that Ala-483 lies at or near an important functional site of NKCC1 and that the exposure of this site to the extracellular medium is dependent on the conformation of the transporter. Specifically, our results indicate that the cysteine introduced at residue 483 is only available for interaction with MTSEA when chloride is bound to NKCC1 at the extracellular surface.
authors.affiliation: Membrane Biology Section, Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dehaye
authors.forename: Akos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.forename: R James
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008628:Mercury / Q000494:pharmacology; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008698:Mesylates; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; C578877:SLC12A2 protein, human; C578879:Slc12a2 protein, rat; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; C093171:methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium; C109154:(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate; D008628:Mercury; D003545:Cysteine; D000409:Alanine