title: Adsorption of metals to membrane filters in view of their speciation in nutrient solution.
abstract: Filtration of a solution may lower metal concentrations through adsorption of metal species to the filter. Processes such as filter-sterilizing nutrient solution and filtration of field water are sensitive to these sorption artifacts, yet basic data on the affinity of different filters for metals are lacking. This article describes the adsorption of five metals to eight types of 0.2-microm membrane filters used for sterilizing a plant (Lemna minor L.) culture medium. Filters of cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, mixed cellulose ester, nylon, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, and polyvinylidene fluoride were tested for their affinity toward mono- (K), di-(Mn, Cu, Zn), and trivalent (lanthanum [La]) metals. Metal concentrations were quantified using radioisotopes and speciation was calculated. Results showed that metals had the lowest affinity for polycarbonate and nylon filters and the highest affinity for cellulose- and polyester-type filters. Furthermore, it was shown that the metal load on cellulose filters correlated best with free ion concentrations (indicating electrostatic attraction), while loads on other filters correlated better with total metal concentrations. Filtering a 5-ml solution of pH 5 did not affect its metal concentrations, ranging from 10 nM (La) to 49 microM (K). To minimize filtration artifacts, we propose using polycarbonate or nylon filters, especially when dealing with low volumes of high pH and low metal species concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiochemistry, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands. weltje@ihi-zittau.de
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weltje
authors.forename: Wim Den
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Hubert Th
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wolterbeek
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media / Q000592:standards; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000737:chemistry; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008851:Micropore Filters; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012996:Solutions; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008670:Metals; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012996:Solutions; D008345:Manganese; D007811:Lanthanum; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium