title: Prediction of risk of coronary events in middle-aged men in the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study (PROCAM) using neural networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Logistic regression (LR) is commonly used to estimate risk of coronary heart disease. We investigated if neural networks improved on the risk estimate of LR by analysing data from the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study (PROCAM), a large prospective epidemiological study of risk factors for coronary heart disease among men and women at work in northern Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) to estimate the risk of myocardial infarction or acute coronary death (coronary events) during 10 years' follow-up among 5159 men aged 35-65 years at recruitment into PROCAM. In all, 325 coronary events occurred in this group. We assessed the performance of each procedure by measuring the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUROC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUROC of the MLP was greater than that of the PNN (0.897 versus 0.872), and both exceeded the AUROC for LR of 0.840. If 'high risk' is defined as an event risk >20% in 10 years, LR classified 8.4% of men as high risk, 36.7% of whom suffered an event in 10 years (45.8% of all events). The MLP classified 7.9% as high risk, 64.0% of whom suffered an event (74.5% of all events), while with the PNN, only 3.9% were at high risk, 58.6% of whom suffered an event (33.5% of all events).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intervention trials indicate that about one in three coronary events can be prevented by 5 years of lipid-lowering treatment. Our analysis suggests that use of the MLP to identify high-risk individuals as candidates for drug treatment would allow prevention of 25% of coronary events in middle-aged men, compared to 15% and 11% with LR and the PNN, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Assmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors