title: [Regulation of SWS by hormones and cytokines].
abstract: SWS is the most important component of sleep. (1) VLPO-TMN seems to generate sleep and wakefulness. The rostral basal forebrain, which was defined as PGD2-SPZ, may be involved in regulation of sleep. (2) PGD2 promotes sleep, especially SWS, while PGE2 prolongs wakefulness and depresses both SWS and REMS. (3) During SWS the activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortic axis is inhibited, while the release of growth hormone is accelerated. The soporific effects of melatonin may be attributed to its hypothermic effects. (4) Interleukin-1 prolongs sleep, especially SWS, which seems to be mediated by PGD2. Tumor necrosis factor (TFN) may promote SWS through 5-HT and its receptor. Therefore, the development of new hypnotics, which selectively prolong SWS, might follow the following ways: PGD2 and chemicals which act like PGD2; immuno-regulators; substances with effects on 5-HT receptors; hormone, such as melatonin and growth hormone, which play roles in the physiological regulation on sleep-wakefulness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006728:Hormones; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D054678:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2; C517275:PDE2A protein, human; D015230:Prostaglandin D2