title: Intrathecal chemotherapy in carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer.
abstract: Meningeal metastases occur in 2-3% of patients with breast cancer, leading to neurological morbidity and increased mortality. The criteria for treatment choice are controversial and intrathecal chemotherapy (ITC) has no documented role in the management of this disorder. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of an ITC regimen for patients presenting with carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with meningeal carcinomatosis with or without concomitant parenchymal brain metastasis, were treated with repeated courses of intrathecal chemotherapy according to the following alternated weekly schedule: Day 1: Thiotepa 10 mg, methotrexate 15 mg, hydrocortisone 30 mg; Day 5: cytarabine (Ara-C) 70 mg, methotrexate 15 mg, hydrocortisone 30 mg. Folinic acid 15 mg was given orally, every six hours after methotrexate on days 2-3 and 6-7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen consecutive patients were treated. The median age was 45 (range 30-67) years. Eleven patients had performance status (PS) 2-3. Nine patients had other metastatic sites; synchronous parenchymal brain metastasis were present in 5 patients. Concomitant systemic chemotherapy was administered in 5 patients and external whole brain radiotherapy in 7 patients. With 12 evaluable patients we observed no responses or improvement in symptoms. Side-effects were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series of patients, ITC failed to provide objective response or relief in clinical symptoms. Despite evidence reported in the literature indicating symptomatic improvement after ITC in a number of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis, the results of our study confirm the controversial role of ITC. New drugs and new modalities of treatment should be studied in order to efficiently control meningeal involvement of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy. laura.orlando@ieo.it
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curigliano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colleoni
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nole
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinieri
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graffeo
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peruzzotti
authors.forename: Aron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008581:Meningitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D013852:Thiotepa / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D013852:Thiotepa; D005492:Folic Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D008727:Methotrexate