title: Prevention of preterm birth by cervical cerclage compared with expectant management: a systematic review.
abstract: Our objective was to review the evidence on the use of cervical cerclage to prevent preterm births compared with expectant management. An OVID, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, and Science Citation Index search using the medical subject headings and terms "cervical cerclage," "cervical incompetence" and "preterm delivery" was conducted for the period 1966 to 2002. We included all randomized trials that evaluated the effectiveness of cervical cerclage in preventing preterm birth. Using a standardized data collection instrument, we reviewed trial designs, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and maternal and neonatal outcome. Fixed or random effects model were used to pool both dichotomous and continuous outcomes where appropriate. Seven trials were identified; six met our inclusion criteria. A total of 2190 women enrolled into the trials were identified with 1110 receiving cerclage and 1080 managed expectantly. There were a total of 278 of 2190 (12.7%) deliveries before 34 weeks of gestation. The meta-analysis demonstrated a trend toward cervical cerclage preventing preterm delivery at less than 34 weeks (OR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.59, 0.99; P =.049). However, there was no demonstrable improvement in neonatal mortality (OR of 0.0.86, 95% CI, 0.56, 1.33; P =.50). There is a trend toward cervical cerclage reducing preterm births before 34 weeks. The use of cerclage is, however, associated with an increased risk of postpartum fever.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After completion of this article, the reader will be able to compare the evidence on the use of cervical cerclage with preventing preterm births and to criticize the various articles evaluating the use of cervical cerclage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA. aodibo@mail.obgyn.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Anthony O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Odibo
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elkousy
authors.forename: Serdar H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Macones
mesh_terms: D023802:Cerclage, Cervical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000601:surgery*