The effects of losartan and enalapril therapies on the levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione in patients with essential hypertension.
Several recent studies have shown that essential hypertension is associated with increased oxidative stress, which may cause hypertension via enhanced oxidation and inactivation of nitric oxide. In this study, we investigated the malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and glutathione levels in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients and whether or not there was any effect of antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, losartan or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril on plasma malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and glutathione values. We selected 17 patients (F/M: 10/7, mean age: 46.12 +/- 9.2 years) for enalapril therapy (10-20 mg/d) and 14 patients (F/M: 8/6, mean age: 47.7 +/- 7.5 years) for losartan therapy (50-100 mg/d), and compared them with 12 normotensive controls. At the beginning of the study, both treated groups showed significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde and lower glutathione and nitric oxide in exhaled air compared to the control group. After 9 weeks of enalapril and losartan treatment, both systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly reduced. Both enalapril and losartan produced a significant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde and a significant increase in plasma glutathione levels and nitric oxide in exhaled air after 9 weeks. Initial values of plasma nitrate levels in patient groups were similar to the control group and increased significantly after the treatment period. In conclusion, both losartan and enalapril may be regulators between oxidant stress and the antioxidant system.
Donmez
Gulzade
G
Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06510 Turkey.
Derici
Ulver
U
Erbas
Deniz
D
Arinsoy
Turgay
T
Onk
Ayhan
A
Sindel
Sukru
S
Hasanoglu
Enver
E
D000328:Adult; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D004656:Enalapril; D005978:Glutathione; D019808:Losartan