title: Angioedema in pediatric liver transplant recipients under tacrolimus immunosuppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors report on their experience with food-induced angioedema in tacrolimus-immunosuppressed pediatric liver recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 121 children treated with tacrolimus after liver transplantation, those who presented with angioedema are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve children (10%) experienced angioedema related to food allergy while on tacrolimus. Mean ages at transplantation and angioedema were 1.3 years and 3.75 years, respectively. Angioedema occurred within a mean of 28 months from onset of tacrolimus. Eleven children experienced two or more angioedema attacks without consequences. One child presented with anaphylactic shock that caused postischemic cerebral damage. Besides eviction of food allergens, eight children were switched from tacrolimus to cyclosporine, whereas tacrolimus dosage was decreased in four. Reintroduction of food allergens was successfully performed only in those who were switched to cyclosporine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A causal relationship between tacrolimus and the occurrence of food-induced angioedema is suggested. The switch from tacrolimus to cyclosporine should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Panayotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lykavieris
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frauger
authors.forename: Dalila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Habes
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Debray
mesh_terms: D000799:Angioedema / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus