title: Cutaneous metabolism of vitamin B-6.
abstract: Vitamin B-6 is important for skin development and maintenance. We examined vitamin B-6 metabolism in human and mouse skin collected at different phases of the hair cycle; in hamster melanomas; in normal and immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and several human melanoma cell lines. Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate content was higher in mouse and hamster than in human skin. Activity of both pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase was significantly increased in rapidly growing melanomas compared to either normal skin or slower growing skin tumors. Reducing the pyridoxine content of the culture medium significantly increased the activity of pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase has been proposed as a regulatory enzyme for vitamin B-6, but we found B-6 vitamer content to be significantly correlated only with kinase and oxidase activity and not with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase activity. Although pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase activity is usually attributed to tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase knockout mice showed preservation of normal histology of the skin and adnexal structures. Furthermore, expression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase mRNA was not detected in either HaCaT cells or human skin, both of which exhibited significant pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase activity. This suggests that an enzyme different from the classical tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase may perform cutaneous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrolase activity.
authors.affiliation: Fort Wayne State Developmental Center, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46835, USA. coburn@ipfw.edu
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Coburn
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slominski
authors.forename: J Dennis
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mahuren
authors.forename: Jacobo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wortsman
authors.forename: Lovisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hessle
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Millan
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011731:Pyridoxal Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C034030:pyridoxal oxidase; D011731:Pyridoxal Kinase; D006867:Hydrolases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase