title: PPAR-gamma, TNF-alpha messenger RNA levels and lipase activity in the pregnant and lactating rat.
abstract: Dramatic alternations in maternal metabolism occur during gestation and lactation, especially glucose and fat metabolism. For example, in rats, the amount of body fat mass increases during gestation, then decreases just prior to delivery, and remains low after parturition. To investigate the factors involved in such changes in maternal fat mass, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of adipocytokines, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were examined in the intraabdominal adipose tissue of non-pregnant rats, pregnant rats and postpartum rats. We also examined the issue of whether apoptosis, which could be promoted by PPAR-gamma and TNF-alpha, is involved in any of the changes in maternal fat mass The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue was also measured. PPAR-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA levels remained constant during the gestational and postpartum periods. Apoptosis was not detected at any time as evidenced by DNA laddering and in situ staining. LPL activity was significantly increased at day 5 and remained elevated until day 14 of gestation. HSL activity was significantly increased at day 10 of gestation and then decreased after delivery, at day 10 of lactation. In conclusion, during the gestational and postpartum period of rats, changes in maternal fat mass did not directly correlate with the levels of expression of PPAR-gamma and TNF-alpha mRNA. Apoptosis also does not appear to influence on fat mass change. The changes in LPL and HSL activities during gestation suggest that these enzymes might be regulators of maternal adipose tissue level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Mie, 514-8507, Tsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hibasami
authors.forename: Nagayasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000473:pathology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000378:metabolism; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic