title: Toxigenic diversity of two different RAPD groups of Stachybotrys chartarum isolates analyzed by potential for trichothecene production and for boar sperm cell motility inhibition.
abstract: Thirty-one isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum from indoor and outdoor environments were analyzed for the presence of the trichodiene synthase (Tri5) gene, trichothecenes, boar sperm cell motility inhibition, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns (RAPDs). Twenty-two S. chartarum isolates tested positive for the Tri5 gene and nine were negative when tested using novel Tri5 gene-specific PCR primer pair. The Tri5 gene positive isolates contained satratoxins (five isolates) or the simple trichothecene, trichodermol (11 isolates). The Tri5 gene negative isolates did not produce satratoxins or trichodermol. Nineteen S. chartarum isolates, distributed among the Tri5 gene negative and positive groups, inhibited boar spermatozoan motility at concentrations of < or = 60 microg of crude cell extract/mL. The inhibition of motility was independent of satratoxins or atranones. Unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis of RAPD fragments clustered the 31 S. chartarum isolates in two distinct groups designated as RAPD groups 1 and 2. The grouping of S. chartarum isolates obtained by UPGMA cluster analysis of RAPD fragments was identical to the grouping obtained by Tri5 gene-specific PCR. This indicates that the S. chartarum isolates belonging to different groups were genetically distinct in a much wider area than just the Tri5 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, Finland. joanna.peltola@ktl.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salkinoja-Salonen
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008297:Male; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013191:Stachybotrys / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases; C051130:trichodiene synthetase