title: Prognostic significance of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate-specific antigen in metastatic prostate cancer: a nested study within CALGB 9583.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-positive cells is a prognostic factor for survival in hormone refractory prostate cancer and to validate the prognostic importance of this test in relation to other known prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single centralized laboratory received and analyzed whole blood for RT-PCR for PSA for a subset of patients enrolled on two Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) randomized trials (CALGB 9583 and CALGB 9480). Using 9583, a prognostic model was developed and an independent data set (CALGB 9480) was used to validate the fitted model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 162 patients in 9583, 91 (56%) patients were negative for RT-PCR for PSA and 71 (44%) patients were positive. The median survival time was 21 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 27 months) for RT-PCR-negative patients compared with 11 months (95% CI, 8 to 15 months) for RT-PCR-positive patients (P < or =.001). In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for death was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4; P =.006) for positive RT-PCR patients compared with negative RT-PCR patients. A fitted model that incorporated RT-PCR for PSA and other factors was used to classify patients from 9480 into one of two risk groups: low or high. We observed good agreement between the observed and predicted survival probabilities for the two risk groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT-PCR to detect PSA-positive circulating cells is confirmed to be a significant prognostic factor of survival in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. This model could be used to stratify patients in randomized phase III trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and CALGB Statistical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA. susan.halabi@duke.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013534:Survival
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen