title: Inhibition of lipolysis improves insulin sensitivity in protease inhibitor-treated HIV-infected men with fat redistribution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatty acid concentrations are increased in patients with HIV and fat redistribution and may contribute to insulin resistance in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined the effects of acute inhibition of lipolysis on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution who were receiving a protease inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven HIV-infected men [age: 45 +/- 2 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 28.8 +/- 1.9] with a fasting insulin concentration > or= 104 pmol/L (15 micro IU/mL), combined visceral adiposity and peripheral lipoatrophy, and receiving a protease inhibitor were studied. Tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests (FSIGTTs) were performed after randomized double-blind administration of acipimox (500 mg at -90 and 0 min), a potent inhibitor of lipolysis, and placebo. The subjects completed 2 FSIGTTs separated by 3-7 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, fasting insulin and fatty acid concentrations were 27.6 +/- 5.0 micro IU/mL and 0.83 +/- 0.08 mmol/L (normal range: 0.1-0.6 mmol/L), respectively. Fatty acid concentrations were significantly reduced after acipimox compared with placebo (fatty acid area under the curve: acipimox = 73 +/- 8 compared with placebo = 122 +/- 12 mmol x 270 min/L, P = 0.002). Acipimox treatment resulted in a significant increase in the insulin sensitivity index (acipimox = 1.63 +/- 0.5 compared with placebo = 0.88 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) x min(-1) x micro IU/mL, P = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute inhibition of lipolysis and reduction in fatty acid concentrations are associated with improved insulin sensitivity in patients with HIV lipodystrophy and hyperinsulinemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether long-term antilipolytic strategies to reduce fatty acid concentrations may be useful in treating the metabolic disturbances associated with HIV lipodystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit and the Program in Nutritional Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA. chadigan@partners.org
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hadigan
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meininger
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aliabadi
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breu
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014781:Viscera
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; C027696:acipimox