title: Waist circumference predicts metabolic cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal Chinese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to compare the differences in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among postmenopausal Chinese women with or without abdominal obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a cross-sectional, population-based, comparative cohort study. Each participant received anthropometric measurements and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and the insulin sensitivity index, ISI, were used as measures of insulin resistance. A "metabolic cardiovascular risk score" was calculated from fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure. General linear models (GLM) were fit to examine the relation of waist circumference (WC) to insulin resistance and metabolic risk scores.(0,120).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the International Obesity Task Force obesity criteria for Asians, 57 women had abdominal obesity (WC >/= 80 cm), and 58 had WCs less than 80 cm. The two groups were comparable in demographic variables and body mass index (BMI). The women with larger WCs were more insulin-resistant than their counterparts. The metabolic risk scores were significantly higher in women with abdominal obesity than in those without it. The results from the GLM showed that WC was an independent predictor of insulin resistance and metabolic risk scores after controlling for demographic variables (0.06- and 0.29-unit increases in homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and metabolic risk scores per 1 cm change in WC). Moreover, BMI neither correlated with metabolic risk scores nor affected the WC effects on insulin resistance and metabolic risk scores in the GLM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal Chinese women with abdominal obesity may carry higher metabolic cardiovascular risk than those without it. It is WC, not BMI, that predicts metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in these women.
authors.affiliation: Sections of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. chhwu@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Chii-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: Jong-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuh
authors.forename: Chin-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Shuu-Jiun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shiang-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Mei-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wei-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Li-Chuan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Low-Tone
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016387:Women's Health