title: [Primary restoration for congenital malformation of external and middle ear].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To promote the hearing, improve the appearance, shorten the therapeutic course in congenital malformation of external and middle ear, the program of primary restoration has been designed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under general or local anaesthesia a Z-shaped incision is made in skin. After turn up the flap A (defective ear) and flap B(retroauricular skin), a periosteal flap C with pedicle in front is made and elevated from mastoid. Then made frameworklize on mastoid and perform tympanoplasty. Once the myringograft is put properly the flap C is turn into the mastoidal cavity to serve as the lining of anterior wall. Flap A is sutured with the edge of retroauricular incision to serve as the lower part of new auricle. Then use the flap B to wrap a siliceous frame to make the upper part of new auricle. Finally, the naked walls of mastoidal cavity are lined with free skin graft and the cavity is packed with vaseline gauze for two weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two cases of congenital malformation of external and middle ear were treated with the procedure mentioned above and were followed up for one and 3 years respectively. Both effects of shape and hearing were good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary restoration for congenital malformation of external and middle ear designed by the authors is an excellent method worthy to be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014433:Tympanoplasty