title: Quantification of immunosuppression by flow cytometry in stable renal transplant recipients.
abstract: The current standard of monitoring transplant patients by drug levels is not optimal because it does not take into account the different and individual effects of immunosuppressive drugs on each patient. In this study, the authors tested immune function assays for monitoring transplant patients. Blood was collected from stable renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone (n = 8), and from healthy volunteers (n = 12). Lymphocyte proliferation, expression of T-cell surface activation antigens (CD25, CD71, CD11a, CD95, CD154), production of intracellular cytokines (IL-2, INFgamma, TNFalpha), and lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20) were assessed by flow cytometry. Lymphocyte proliferation, expression of T-cell surface activation antigens, and production of intracellular cytokines were significantly decreased in transplant recipients compared with healthy control volunteers. The combined effects of several immunosuppressive drugs in renal transplant recipients can be quantitated with immune function assays in whole blood. This new method may be helpful to achieve an optimal level of immunosuppression for each patient.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Immunology, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stalder
authors.forename: Tudor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bîrsan
authors.forename: Bari
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haririfar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scandling
authors.forename: Randall E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric