Measurement of acute pain after eye surgery in children.
This study was performed to assess the degree of acute pain in children following eye surgery using a Face Pain Rating Scale (FPRS), with a validity and reliability test employing a Numeric/Word Graphic Rating Scale (NWGRS). The degree of pain was obtained at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after surgery using the FPRS and NWGRS. The changes in pain intensities were analyzed using a RM-ANOVA, while the relationship between the FPRS and NWGRS was analyzed by a Pearson coefficient in SPSS/WIN. Two third of the children experienced pain equal to, or greater, than moderate to severe, and about one fifth of the subjects expressed the most severe pain at 2 hours after surgery. At 4 hours after surgery, 95.3% of the children still complained of pain, and 8 hours after surgery, 82.8% of the patients experienced 'a little bit' or 'a little more' pain or discomforts. At 1 day after surgery, only 34.4% of children were free of pain. A high correlation between the FPRS and NWGRS was identified over 5 time-points (.887 < r < .735). The gender, type of the surgery and past operation experience had no effects on the degree of pain. Our results suggest that FPRS is a reliable and valid measurement for acute pain assessment in Korean children following eye surgery, and warrants application in the integrated clinical protocol, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of acute pediatric pain reduction following surgery.
Paik
Hae Jung
HJ
Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center, Inchon, Korea.
Ahn
Young Mee
YM
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results