title: Dietary fat attenuates the benefits of an elemental diet in active Crohn's disease: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although an elemental diet has been established as the primary treatment for patients with Crohn's disease, the influence of dietary fat on the elemental diet remains unclear. We have designed the first randomized, controlled trial for elemental diets containing different fat percentages in patients with active Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient was randomized to receive one of three dose levels of fat in an elemental diet (Elental) for 4 weeks: 10 patients received low fat (3.06 g/day), 10 patients received medium fat (16.56 g/day) and eight patients received high fat (30.06 g/day). The additional fat was composed of long-chain fatty acids. All patients were evaluated using the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease rating, plus C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which were measured at weekly intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease rating, C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the low-fat group decreased, the values in the medium- and high-fat groups fluctuated during the study. The remission rate after 4 weeks in each group was 80%, 40% and 25% for patients in the low-, medium- and high-fat groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the fat consisted of long-chain triglycerides, a high amount of this fat in the elemental diet formula decreased its therapeutic effect against active Crohn's disease.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-Seta, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192 Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujikawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koganei
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munakata
authors.forename: Shinsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshitani
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hiwatashi
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oriuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitahora
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D002097:C-Reactive Protein