title: Functional electrical stimulation cycle ergometer exercise for spinal cord injured patients.
abstract: The purpose of this collective review on functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycle ergometer training is to describe the pathologic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the structure and function of the FES cycle ergometers, which reverse the devastating systemic and life-threatening effects of SCI. The pathophysiologic consequences of SCI include diminished cardiopulmonary and circulatory function as well as lower extremity muscle atrophy and bone mass reduction. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the two FES cycle ergometers offer promise in reversing these devastating consequences of SCI, which can shorten patients' lives. On the basis of this collective review, it is recommended that all patients with SCI have the benefits of this potentially life-sustaining clinical modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0376, USA. rpw4n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.forename: Elizabeth V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Tyler C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wind
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Edlich
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome