title: Evaluation of worker exposure to asphalt paving fumes using traditional and nontraditional techniques.
abstract: Forty-five workers at 11 paving sites across the United States were evaluated for exposure to paving asphalt (bitumen) fumes. Traditional measures of exposure such as total particulate matter (TPM) and benzene soluble matter (BSM) were monitored. In addition, total organic matter (TOM), which includes both the BSM residue and the more volatile components that pass through the filter and are collected on sorption material, was quantified and further characterized using a gas chromatography technique and a recently developed fluorescence test. The latter method, which indirectly estimates the content of four- to six-ring polycyclic aromatic compounds, is used as a predictor of carcinogenicity. The correlation between fluorescence emission intensity and carcinogenicity for 36 laboratory generated fume fractions, as measured in a mouse skin-painting bioassay, was then used to estimate the carcinogenic potential of worker monitoring samples. Emission levels, and therefore predicted carcinogenicity, for these samples were at least 17-fold below the value corresponding to a minimal carcinogenic effect. This result was consistent with more extensive chemical analysis (using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) of two of the samples, which showed the predominant constituents to be alkanes, monocycloparaffins, alkyl-benzenes, alkyl-naphthalenes, and alkyl-benzothiophenes. The geometric mean exposures for all worker studies were 0.21 mg/m3 (TPM), 0.06 mg/m3 (BSM), and 1.23 mg/m3 (TOM).
authors.affiliation: Heritage Research Group, 7901 West Morris Street, Indianapolis, IN 46231, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kriech
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kurek
authors.forename: Herbert L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wissel
authors.forename: Linda V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Blackburn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D002273:Carcinogens; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C006647:asphalt