title: Associations between air emissions from sour gas processing plants and indices of cow retainment and survival in dairy herds in Alberta.
abstract: This paper describes the results of an investigation into the effects of air emissions from sour gas processing plants on indices of retainment or survival of adult female dairy cattle on farms in Alberta; namely, the productive lifespan of individual animals, and annual herd-level risks for culling and mortality. Using a geographical information system, 2 dispersion models--1 simple and 1 complex--were used to assess historical exposures to sour gas emissions at 1382 dairy farm sites from 1985 through to 1994. Multivariable survival models, adjusting for the dependence of survival responses within a herd over time, as well as potential confounding variables, were utilized to determine associations between sour gas exposure estimates and the time from the first calving date to either death or culling of 150210 dairy cows. Generalized linear models were used to model the relationship between herd-level risks for culling and mortality and levels of sour gas exposure. No significant (P < 0.05) associations were found with the time to culling (n = 70052). However, both dispersion model exposure estimates were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with a decreased hazard for mortality; that is, in cases where cattle had died on-farm (n = 8743). There were no significant associations (P > 0.05) between herd culling risks and the 2 dispersion model exposure estimates. There was no measurable impact of plant emissions on the annual herd risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3. hmscott@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: H Morgan
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Colin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Soskolne
authors.forename: Kerry D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lissemore
authors.forename: S Wayne
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoukri
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Coppock
authors.forename: Tee L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Guidotti
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D000416:Alberta; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D003612:Dairying; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide