title: Protection against hypoxia-induced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability: role of tight junction proteins and NFkappaB.
abstract: Co-culture with glial cells and glia-conditioned media can induce blood-brain barrier properties in microvessel endothelial cells and protect against hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown. We examined the effect of two types of glia-conditioned media on brain microvessel endothelial cell permeability and tight junction protein expression, and studied potential mechanisms of action. We found that C6-glioma-conditioned media, but not rat astrocyte-conditioned media, protected against an increase in permeability induced by exposure to 1% oxygen for 24 hours. This hypoxic stress caused an increase in the expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and actin, particularly in cells treated with C6-conditioned media. We found that C6-conditioned media has a significantly higher level of both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Treatment with C6-conditioned media for 1 or 3 days protects against hypoxia-induced permeability increases, and this protective effect may be mediated by signal transduction pathways terminating at the transcription factor NFkappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Egleton
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Burroughs
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D062445:Claudin-1; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D062445:Claudin-1; C568114:Cldn1 protein, rat; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2