title: Intrapartum fever at term: serum and histologic markers of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to determine whether intrapartum fevers at term are associated with markers of acute inflammation in maternal, fetal, and placental compartments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Term cases with intrapartum fever (temperature >/=100.4 degrees F) were recruited with gestational age-matched controls. Maternal serum and umbilical vein blood were collected and assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Placentas were examined for histologic chorioamnionitis. Demographic and clinical data were collected and compared between cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven case-control pairs were analyzed. Maternal IL-6 levels were higher in cases than in controls (median of 145 pg/mL vs 42 pg/mL, P <.0001). Umbilical vein IL-6 levels also were higher in cases than controls (median 9 pg/mL vs 3.5 pg/mL, P =.01), but more than half of levels in cases were below 11 pg/mL. Only 31.1% of febrile cases had moderate or severe histologic chorioamnionitis. Multivariable logistic regression identified maternal serum IL-6 levels, nulliparity, and number of vaginal examinations as the major predictors of intrapartum fever at term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maternal inflammatory response as measured by maternal serum IL-6 levels is a strong marker for term intrapartum fever. The much weaker association of fetal and placental inflammatory responses suggest a smaller than expected contribution of intra-amniotic inflammation to term intrapartum fevers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smulian
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vintzileos
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen-Schwarz
authors.forename: Carlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quashie
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lai-Lin
authors.forename: Cande V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ananth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005315:Fetal Diseases; D005334:Fever; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010298:Parity; D010808:Physical Examination; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013610:Tachycardia; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D014621:Vagina
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6