title: [First results on the influence of polymorphisms at glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, and tumor necrosis factor gene loci on the development of multiple head and neck cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The polymorphic gene loci of the detoxifying enzymes GST and CYP are susceptibility factors for single head and neck cancer. In patients with multiple cancer development a cumulation of genetic risk factors can be assumed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accordingly, we have examined genotype frequencies at GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3, GSTP1, CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and TNF loci, in patients with single and multiple squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck, and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTT1 0 was increased in multiple SCC patients (36.8 %) compared with single SCC patients (21.2 %) and controls (22.2 %). GSTM3 AA was more frequent in the single SCC patients (76.6 %) and multiple SCC patients (82.1 %) compared with controls (66.5 %) but lacked significance. The TNF allele B3 was significantly increased in the single SCC group (B3-allele: 22.5 %, B3/B3 : 10.8 %) and showed a further cumulation in the multiple SCC group (B3 : 30.3 %, B3/B3 : 15.8 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients suffering from multiple SCC development showed a cumulation of high risk genotypes at GST and TNF gene loci. Specific genetic variations could not be determined.
authors.affiliation: HNO-Klinik und Poliklinik der Charité, Humboldt-Universität Berlin. christoph.matthias@charite.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matthias
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000235:genetics*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000235:genetics*; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase