title: BAD and Bcl-2 regulation are early events linking neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
abstract: The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated apoptosis in neurons was examined. Using primary cortical neurons, we show that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and brefeldin A (BFA), two ER stressors, induce early ER stress as shown by Western blotting of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha (eIF2alpha), an ER stress marker. This event was associated with an enhancement of neuronal apoptosis as demonstrated by the time-dependent increase in caspase-3 activity and by nuclear fragmentation. The study of the apoptotic signaling showed the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. Further evaluation of the apoptotic process revealed that NDGA and BFA induced a rapid dephosphorylation of BAD and decrease expression of Bcl-2. Altogether, our results indicate that neuronal ER stress is associated with an apoptotic cascade involving the mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elyaman
authors.forename: Faraj
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Terro
authors.forename: Ka-Chun
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Suen
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yardin
authors.forename: Raymond Chuen-Chung
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hugon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009637:Masoprocol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494821:Bad protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D020126:Brefeldin A; D009637:Masoprocol; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases