title: Crab louse infestation in pre-Columbian America.
abstract: Until now, Pthirus pubis infestation in ancient human populations had only been recorded in the Old World. We found crab lice on South American mummified bodies from the Atacama Desert region. Crab louse eggs were found attached to the pubic hairs of a 2,000-yr-old Chilean mummy. Well-preserved adults were found in sediment and clothing from a Peruvian mummy dated 1,000 yr ago. Paleoparasitological evidence expands the knowledge of the distribution of this ectoparasite in ancient populations. As with many other parasites, pubic lice recorded in Andean populations show the antiquity of this parasite in the New World. It is likely that P. pubis entered the continent with early human migration to the New World.
authors.affiliation: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rick
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dittmar
authors.forename: C E A
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouchet
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000266:history*; D009106:Mummies / Q000469:parasitology*; D010164:Paleopathology; D010568:Peru; D020061:Phthirus / Q000145:classification*