title: Forceps delivery and the use of synthetic opioid analgesia during epidural anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify whether the use of sufentanil during obstetric epidural anaesthesia (EA) was accompanied by an increase in the rate of instrumental extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We made a retrospective comparison of deliveries that occurred during two 3-year periods (1993-1995, and 1997-1999), before and after the introduction of sufentanil into our protocol for epidural anaesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first period covered 4694 deliveries compared with 5310 in the second; for these periods, the EA rate rose from 48.55 to 63.36% (P=0.0001). The rates of uncomplicated vaginal delivery, forceps delivery and caesarian section over the two periods were 70.24, 12.76 and 17% versus 67.08, 14.41 and 18.51%, respectively: the differences were statistically significant. The indications for the use of forceps did not differ during the two periods. During vaginal delivery, the rate of forceps use as a function of EA administration/non-administration was remarkably constant over the two periods: 25.8% with EA versus 6.2% without EA in the first period compared with 24.9 and 6.2% in the second period. The forceps delivery rate was unaffected by the fact that EA was carried out by an anaesthetist specialised in obstetrics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of sufentanil to our protocol for EA has not altered the practice of instrumental extraction in our department. With EA, the rate of forceps delivery is multiplied by 4, irrespective of the protocol used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France. yves.aubard@unilim.fr
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aubard
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fourgeaud
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grandchamp
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vincelot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017409:Sufentanil; D002045:Bupivacaine