Drug-induced metabolic bone disorders.
A number of drugs, either physician prescribed or those taken without the knowledge of the physician, may have metabolic effects on, and result in abnormal changes in, the musculoskeletal system. These medications may involve the developing fetus, infant, child, or adult and may manifest as drug-induced embryopathies, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, or rickets, or a combination of these, or they may be associated with proliferative changes. Not uncommonly, the radiologist may be the first physician to identify the metabolic manifestations of these medications. The radiological changes associated with such drugs will be reviewed. Certain drugs may have teratogenic effects, nonteratogenic effects, or both. These effects, dependent solely on the timing of administration, will be discussed separately.
Lawson
Jack
J
Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. jack.lawson@yale.edu
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000187:drug effects; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011859:Radiography; D012279:Rickets / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging