title: Antinociceptive effects of Cremophor EL orally administered to mice.
abstract: Surfactants are frequently used to improve solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Cremophor EL (CrEL) is a polyoxyethylated castor oil surfactant used to solubilize water-insoluble drugs such as anesthetic, antineoplastic, immunosuppressive and analgesic drugs, vitamins and new synthetic compounds, including potential analgesics. The antinociceptive effect of CrEL (3.2, 6.4 and 10.6 g/kg, in 10 ml/kg body weight, by gavage) on the abdominal writhing response induced by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (0.8%, 10 ml/kg body weight) and on the tail immersion test was investigated in mice. Control animals received castor oil (10 ml/kg body weight) or saline (0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg body weight). CrEL reduced nociception in a dose-dependent manner in both tests. At 10.6 g/kg, CrEL caused antinociception similar to that induced by dipyrone (300 mg/kg, by gavage) in the abdominal writhing test, and antinociception similar to that induced by morphine (20 mg/kg, by gavage) in the tail immersion test. The effect of castor oil was similar to that of saline in both assays. These data indicate that the appropriate controls should be used when evaluating the effects of potential antinociceptive agents dissolved in CrEL.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tabarelli
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Berlese
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sauzem
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004177:Dipyrone; C000515:cremophor EL; D009020:Morphine; D002368:Castor Oil; D005990:Glycerol