title: Relations between Scots pine needle element concentrations and decreased needle longevity along pollution gradients.
abstract: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shoots were sampled along transects near one urban pollution source and two smelters. Needle Mg, P and K concentrations decreased from the second to the fourth age class linearly with needle survival along the urban pollution gradient. Still, over 80% of the average concentration of these nutrients remained in the fourth needle age class. Decreased needle longevity was closely related to the increased heavy metal concentrations near the smelters. Near the urban pollution source, it was related to the increased annual needle mass and the increased needle nutrient concentrations. Decreased Mn accumulation along with needle age was detected near all pollution sources. Leaching of Mn from needles and especially from soil as a cause of decreased needle concentrations is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland. jukka.lamppu@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamppu
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huttunen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004602:Elements; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008669:Metallurgy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004602:Elements; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium