title: Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are absorbed from moderate and sustained doses of virgin olive oil in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the absorption of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol from moderate and sustained doses of virgin olive oil consumption. The study also aimed to investigate whether these phenolic compounds could be used as biomarkers of virgin olive oil intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ingestion of a single dose of virgin olive oil (50 ml). Thereafter, for a week, participants followed their usual diet which included 25 ml/day of the same virgin olive oil as the source of raw fat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unitat de Recerca en Farmacologia. Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in 24 h urine of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, after both a single-dose ingestion (50 ml) and short-term consumption (one week, 25 ml/day) of virgin olive oil (P<0.05) was observed. Urinary recoveries for tyrosol were similar after a single dose and after sustained doses of virgin olive oil. Mean recovery values for hydroxytyrosol after sustained doses were 1.5-fold those obtained after a single 50 ml dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are absorbed from realistic doses of virgin olive oil. With regard to the dose-effect relationship, 24 h urinary tyrosol seems to be a better biomarker of sustained and moderate doses of virgin olive oil consumption than hydroxytyrosol.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca en Farmacologia, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miró-Casas
authors.forename: M-I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farré-Albadalejo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marrugat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Torre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D015930:Diet Records; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; C011867:4-hydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol