title: Commonly used numbers of microspheres affect cardiac vascular resistance.
abstract: The main goal of the study was to examine how the microsphere technique affects the hemodynamics and mitochondrial energy status of the Langendorff-perfused rat heart. The hearts were perfused at a constant flow with Tyrode solution. NADH videofluorometry of the surface of the left ventricle was used to record the mitochondrial energy status as indication of regional ischemia. The effects of seven successive (separated by 10 min) injections of 0.1 ml of saline or (0.05% Tween 20; polysorbate 20, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) or (0.05% Tween 20 + microspheres) were studied. The number of microspheres per injection were: #1 (2,500), #2 (5,000), #3 (10,000), #4 (20,000), #5 (40,000), #6 (40000), and #7 (80000). The anti-aggregation agent Tween always caused a biphasic response in perfusion pressure. Compared with the Tween effect, the injection of microspheres caused an initial change (mm Hg) in perfusion pressure of #1 (-10), #2 (NS), #3 (NS), #4 (+7.5), #5 (+12.3), #6 (+14.4), #7 (+18.3), and a delayed change (10 min after injection) of #1 (-22.2), #2 (-6.0), #3 (-4.1), #4 (-4.5), #5 (NS), #6 (NS), and #7 (+5.9). The microspheres caused a significant delayed increase in NADH only for injection #6 and #7. Similar results were found for different durations of the input function or when hearts were perfused at constant perfusion pressure. In hearts without flow reserve (10 microM adenosine), Tween injections were without effect, whereas three successive injections of 60,000 microspheres each only caused increases in perfusion pressure and NADH. The data demonstrate that in hearts with flow reserve present, even very low numbers of microspheres (2,000/g heart) cause large decreases in perfusion pressure without obvious signs of ischemia. When flow reserve was exhausted by either microsphere loading or adenosine addition, microspheres only caused increases in perfusion pressure and resulted in detectable ischemia (NADH). It is concluded that microspheres affect the vascular resistance of the heart and that these effects are flow reserve dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.j.zuurbier@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Coert Jozef
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zuurbier
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kruyver
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eerbeek
authors.forename: Egbert Gezinus
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Mik
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011136:Polysorbates