title: Using Medicare data to estimate the prevalence of breast cancer screening in older women: comparison of different methods to identify screening mammograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare different methods for defining screening mammograms with Medicare claims and their impact on estimates of breast cancer screening rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicare outpatient facility and physician claims for 61,962 women in 1993 and 59,652 women in 1998 were reviewed for evidence of receipt of screening mammography. We compared the estimates of screening mammography use derived from CPT (Current Procedure Terminology) codes to categorize mammograms as screening or diagnostic versus using an algorithm that uses CPT codes plus breast-related diagnoses in the prior two years. We also compared estimates obtained from review of physician claims alone, facility claims alone, or the combination of the two sources of claims.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of physician claims alone produced estimates of screening rates similar to rates calculated from use of both physician and outpatient (facility) claims. In 1993, the CPT code for screening mammography underestimated the rate of screening compared to estimates generated by using the algorithm (8.3 percent versus 18.0 percent prevalence, p<0.001). By 1998, the screening prevalence rate generated from using the CPT code for screening mammography more closely approximated the rate generated by the algorithm (23.0 percent versus 25.1 percent). By all methods of estimating screening mammography with Medicare claims, its prevalence increased substantially between 1993 and 1998.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providers increased their use of the screening mammography code in their charges to Medicare during the 1990s. This has improved the claims' ability to distinguish screening from diagnostic mammograms, but screening rates computed with claims continue to fall below those generated from self-reports of mammography use among general populations of older women.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Whitney M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mahnken
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D039702:Current Procedural Terminology; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008327:Mammography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*