title: Global transcriptional responses of fission yeast to environmental stress.
abstract: We explored transcriptional responses of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to various environmental stresses. DNA microarrays were used to characterize changes in expression profiles of all known and predicted genes in response to five stress conditions: oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, heavy metal stress caused by cadmium, heat shock caused by temperature increase to 39 degrees C, osmotic stress caused by sorbitol, and DNA damage caused by the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate. We define a core environmental stress response (CESR) common to all, or most, stresses. There was a substantial overlap between CESR genes of fission yeast and the genes of budding yeast that are stereotypically regulated during stress. CESR genes were controlled primarily by the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase Sty1p and the transcription factor Atf1p. S. pombe also activated gene expression programs more specialized for a given stress or a subset of stresses. In general, these "stress-specific" responses were less dependent on the Sty1p mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and may involve specific regulatory factors. Promoter motifs associated with some of the groups of coregulated genes were identified. We compare and contrast global regulation of stress genes in fission and budding yeasts and discuss evolutionary implications.
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dongrong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W Mark
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Toone
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lyne
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kivinen
authors.forename: Alvis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brazma
authors.forename: Nic
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bähler
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide