title: Evaluating the spoken English proficiency of international medical graduates: detecting threats to the validity of standardised patient ratings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate potential threats to the validity of the spoken English proficiency ratings provided by standardised patients (SPs) in high-stakes clinical skills examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spoken English ratings from 43 327 patient encounters were studied. These involved over 5000 candidates, 40% of whom were female and 33% of whom self-reported English to be their native language. Over 100 SPs were involved in the study, 51% of whom were female and 90% of whom were native English speakers. Possible performance differences in English ratings were studied as a function of candidate and SP gender, and as a function of candidate and SP native language (English versus all other languages).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant candidate by SP gender effect was detected. There were no meaningful differences in mean English ratings as a function of SP or candidate gender. Likewise, English ratings did not vary as a function of either candidate or SP native language. While candidate mean English ratings were not associated with the native language of the SP, native English-speaking candidates did achieve significantly higher ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of significant interaction between candidate and SP gender, and candidate and SP native language, suggests that the SPs provided unbiased English ratings. These results, combined with the expected higher English ratings given to candidates with English-speaking backgrounds, provides additional evidence to support the validity and fairness of spoken English proficiency ratings provided by standardised patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Skills Assessment, Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. mvanzanten@ecfmg.org
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Zanten
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.forename: Danette
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Gerald P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Whelan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005550:Foreign Medical Graduates / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D013060:Speech