title: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor signaling and nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2.
abstract: The insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) can translocate to the nuclei and nucleoli of several types of cells. Nuclear translocation can be induced by an activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR), and by certain oncogenes, such as the Simian virus 40 T antigen and v-src. We have asked whether IRS-2 could also translocate to the nuclei. In addition, we have studied the effects of functional mutations in the IGF-IR on nuclear translocation of IRS proteins. IRS-2 translocates to the nuclei of mouse embryo fibroblasts expressing the IGF-IR, but, at variance with IRS-1, does not translocate in cells expressing the Simian virus 40 T antigen. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the IGF-IR abrogate translocation of the IRS proteins. Other mutations in the IGF-IR, which do not interfere with its mitogenicity but inhibit its transforming capacity, result in a decrease in translocation, especially to the nucleoli. Nuclear IRS-1 and IRS-2 interact with the upstream binding factor, which is a key regulator of RNA polymerase I activity and, therefore, rRNA synthesis. In 32D cells, wild-type, but not mutant, IRS-1 causes a significant activation of the ribosomal DNA promoter. The interaction of nuclear IRS proteins with upstream binding factor 1 constitutes the first direct link of these proteins with the ribosomal DNA transcription machinery.
authors.affiliation: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: HongZhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prisco
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Casiburi
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baserga
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D035463:Pol1 Transcription Initiation Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D035463:Pol1 Transcription Initiation Complex Proteins; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C063844:transcription factor UBF; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1