title: Lepirudin use in a neonate with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in a premature infant and the doses of danaparoid and lepirudin needed to achieve appropriate therapeutic endpoints.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 30-week gestational age infant was diagnosed with HIT with heparin antibodies. Danaparoid 2.0-2.4 units/kg/h achieved anti-Xa levels of 0.2-0.4 U/mL, but thrombocytopenia failed to resolve. Lepirudin was started in place of danaparoid. Lepirudin doses of 0.03-0.05 mg/kg/h achieved target activated partial thromboplastin time values of 1.5-2.0 times baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dosing information for danaparoid in neonates is limited, and information for lepirudin appears only in German literature at this time. HIT is well documented in newborns, and lepirudin use in these situations is likely to increase. This report provides some guidance for optimal dosing. It also provides some guidance for HIT evaluation in preterm infants, in whom blood volume for laboratory tests is a major issue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIT is an important and potentially fatal problem in neonates. Lepirudin may be the drug of choice, especially since danaparoid is now unavailable. Initial lepirudin dosing should not exceed 0.05 mg/kg/h.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care, The Women's Hospital of Greensboro, Moses Cone Health System, Greensboro, NC 27401-1020, USA.
authors.forename: Thuy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gal
authors.forename: J Laurence
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carlos
mesh_terms: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006629:Hirudins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D010976:Platelet Count; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C035838:danaparoid; C083544:lepirudin