title: Community treatment with azithromycin for trachoma is not associated with antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae at 1 year.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae will be a major concern in areas that receive annual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional survey was conducted of nasopharyngeal S pneumoniae isolates for susceptibility to azithromycin 1 year after administering a single dose of azithromycin to treat trachoma in a village in Nepal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S pneumoniae was isolated from 50 (86%) of 57 nasopharyngeal cultures and no resistance to azithromycin was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors were unable to demonstrate that mass azithromycin therapy for trachoma produced macrolide resistant S pneumoniae that persists until the next scheduled annual treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Francis I Proctor Foundation and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA. bgaynor@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitcher
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: J S P
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bhatta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lietman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D014141:Trachoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin