title: Skin temperature and chronic venous insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared lower leg skin temperatures in adults age 50 years and older with and without chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Norms and ranges of skin temperature were also established.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive comparative design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six adults recruited from hospital clinics and senior community dwellings participated in the study, which was conducted in an examination room of an outpatient clinic. To be included in the study, those with CVI showed stage 4 and 5 clinical signs. Those without CVI had no clinical signs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin temperature was measured with an infrared dermal thermometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were seated with legs extended, free of clothing and socks, and loosely covered with a draped sheet for 10 minutes to acclimatize to room temperature. The skin temperature of 4 sites on the lower legs was measured. Analysis of variance and independent t tests were used to compare groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in skin temperature at all 4 sites in the ankle area in the group with CVI compared with the comparison group (89.9 degrees F +/- 2.7 degrees F versus 88.1 degrees F +/- 2.1 degrees F, P =.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated skin temperature may be an important nursing assessment parameter to evaluate worsening or impending CVI complications such as venous ulcers.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, USA. kelechtj@musc.edu
authors.forename: Teresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kelechi
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Haight
authors.forename: JoAnne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brothers
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edlund
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013817:Thermography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology*