title: DNA damage-processing in E. coli: on-going protein synthesis is required for fixation of UV-induced lethality and mutation.
abstract: UV irradiation of E. coli produces photoproducts in the DNA genome. In consequence, some bacteria lose viability (colony-forming ability) or remain viable as mutant cells. However, the end-points of viability inactivation (lethality) or mutation are determined by cellular processes that act on the UV-damaged DNA. We have investigated the in vivo time course for processes that deal with cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) which can be specifically removed by photoreactivation (PR). At different times during post-UV incubation, samples were challenged with PR and assayed for viability or mutation. We used excision-defective E. coli B/r cells and worked under yellow light to avoid background PR. During post-UV incubation (0-100min) in fully supplemented defined medium, inactivation and mutation were initially significantly reversed by PR but the extent of this reversal decreased during continued incubation defining "fixation" of lethality or mutation, respectively. In contrast, if protein synthesis was restricted during the post-UV incubation, no fixation developed. When chloramphenicol was added to inhibit protein synthesis after 30min of supplemented post-UV incubation, at a time sufficient for expression of UV-induced protein(s), fixation of lethality or mutation was still annulled (no change in the effectiveness of PR developed). Lethality fixation did progress when protein synthesis was restricted and the cells were incubated in the presence of puromycin or were either clpP or clpX defective. We discuss these and related results to suggest (1) on-going protein synthesis is required in the fixation process for lethality and mutation to sustain an effective level of a hypothetical protein sensitive to ClpXP proteolysis and (2) this protein plays a critical role in the process leading to exchange between Pol III activity and alternative polymerase activities required as each cell deals with damage in template DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bockrath
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects; D004261:DNA Replication; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011691:Puromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology; D013489:Suppression, Genetic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D011691:Puromycin; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D004258:DNA Polymerase III; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C483573:ClpXP protease, E coli; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases