title: Lifetime total radiation risk of cosmonauts for orbital and interplanetary flights.
abstract: This paper presents results of calculations of total radiation risk for cosmonauts over their lifetimes and assessments of possible shortening of life expectancy on the basis of generalized doses calculated for cosmonauts after a long term interplanetary and orbital space missions on "MIR" station and International Space Station with the use of mathematical expressions coming from a model of change mortality rate of mammals after irradiation. Tumor risk assessments for cosmonauts over lifetime after flights are also given. Dependences of the delayed radiation consequences mentioned above on flight duration, spacecraft shielding thicknesses, solar activity and cosmonauts' age are analyzed.
authors.affiliation: State Research Centre of the RF-Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shafirkin
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kolomensky
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shurshakov
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018480:Astronauts; D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000528:radiation effects; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft
chemical_list: D011522:Protons