title: Butyrate impairs intestinal tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1alpha nuclear translocation.
abstract: Butyrate is known to stimulate proliferation of normal crypt cells, whereas it inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. We examined the effects of butyrate on colon cancer (Caco-2) cell-induced angiogenesis. HUVEC proliferation was significantly inhibited when incubated with medium conditioned by butyrate-treated Caco-2 cells. Simultaneously, levels of the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were reduced. HIF-1alpha protein, a transcription factor known to be a key regulator in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, was upregulated by butyrate. This is in contrast to its importance as a VEGF regulating component. However Western blot of nuclear extracts revealed a downregulation of HIF-1alpha protein. HIF-1alpha DNA-binding activity was also decreased by butyrate. Our findings indicate that HIF-1alpha nuclear sequestration is repressed by butyrate, through inhibition of nuclear translocation. We postulate that diminished HIF-1alpha nuclear presence and activity in butyrate-treated Caco-2 cells could be responsible for decreased VEGF expression and antiangiogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. zgouras@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zgouras
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wächtershäuser
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frings
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008222:Lymphokines; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D003676:Deferoxamine