title: Insulin resistance but not visceral adipose tissue is associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels and to examine the association of PAI-1 with visceral adiposity and other components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CC) women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  33 CC and 23 AA healthy, overweight and obese, premenopausal women (age 19-53 y, body mass index 28.1-48.9 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index, sagittal diameter, waist circumference, percentage body fat, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (by anthropometry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bioelectric impedance techniques), PAI-1, leptin, lipids, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (by HOMA IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AA women had lower triglyceride levels and less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume than CC despite similar BMI. PAI-1 levels were not significantly different in the two groups. Insulin resistance was associated with PAI-1 in both groups but only in CC women were VAT, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure related to plasma PAI-1 levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that VAT in CC and insulin resistance in AA were independent predictors of PAI-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VAT is significantly associated with circulating PAI-1 levels in overweight and obese CC but not AA premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA. msolano@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause; D014781:Viscera / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1