title: 19F NMR spectroscopic investigation into the absorption and metabolism of 3-trifluoromethylaniline in Eisenia veneta.
abstract: 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used as a specific tool to investigate the metabolism of 3-trifluoromethylaniline (3-TFMA) in the earthworm species Eisenia veneta. Exposure was via a filter-paper contact toxicity test using five exposure levels (1000, 100, 10, 1, and 0.1 microg/cm(2)). Instant lethality was observed at the two highest levels. Worms exposed at the lower levels appeared to tolerate the compound. The 19F label of 3-TFMA allowed the uptake and metabolism of the earthworms to be monitored by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Metabolism of 3-TFMA was observed at 10 microg/cm(2) and, to a lesser extent, at 1 microg/cm(2). The possibility of 3-TFMA accumulation in specific organs was also investigated. As a simplified model, worms were cut into distinct anatomical regions (head, testes, crop, clitellum, and gut). At the two highest exposure levels, "uniform distribution" was observed. However, accumulation appeared to be proportional to the "size" of the extracted segments at the lower levels.
authors.affiliation: Biological Chemistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. eva.lenz@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lindon
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osborn
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D009835:Oligochaeta; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C000197:3-aminobenzotrifluoride