title: Antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and ROS scavenging activities of a Rhoeo discolor ethanolic crude extract.
abstract: Rhoeo discolor is a legendary plant used for treatment of superficial mycoses in Mexican traditional medicine. Despite its extended use, it is not known whether it has side-effects. An ethanolic crude extract from Rhoeo discolor was prepared, its mutagenic capacity was investigated by the Ames test, and its genotoxic activity in primary liver cell cultures using the unscheduled DNA synthesis assay. This extract was not mutagenic when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98 and TA100, and it did not elicit unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocyte cultures. In addition, we explored the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic activities of the extract and its ROS scavenger behaviour. Our results show that Rhoeo extract is antimutagenic for S. typhimurium strain TA102 pretreated with ROS-generating mutagen norfloxacin in the Ames test, and protects liver cell cultures against diethylnitrosamine induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis even at 1.9 ng per dish, which was the lowest dose tested. A free radical scavenging test was used in order to explore the antioxidant capacity of Rhoeo extract, as compared with three commercial well-known antioxidants quercetin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. Rhoeo extract showed less radical scavenging effect than quercetin, but similar to that of alpha-tocopherol and more than ascorbic acid. It is important to note that this extract was neither mutagenic in S. typhimurium nor genotoxic in liver cell culture, even at concentrations as high as four- and 166-fold of those needed for maximal antimutagenic or chemoprotective activities, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, Mexico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Avila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriaga-Alba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Garza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Carmen HernándezPretelín
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Ortíz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fattel-Fazenda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villa-Treviño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004249:DNA Damage; D022781:Hepatocytes; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004247:DNA