Pathogenic role of glial cells in Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The loss of these neurons is associated with a glial response composed mainly of activated microglial cells and, to a lesser extent, of reactive astrocytes. This glial response may be the source of trophic factors and can protect against reactive oxygen species and glutamate. Alternatively, this glial response can also mediate a variety of deleterious events related to the production of pro-oxidant reactive species, and pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and cytokines. We discuss the potential protective and deleterious effects of glial cells in the SNpc of PD and examine how those factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.
Teismann
Peter
P
Neuroscience Research, Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Tieu
Kim
K
Cohen
Oren
O
Choi
Dong-Kug
DK
Wu
Du Chu
DC
Marks
Daniel
D
Vila
Miquel
M
Jackson-Lewis
Vernice
V
Przedborski
Serge
S
D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents; C495040:Gdnf protein, mouse; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016627:Oxidopamine; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine