title: Influence of socioeconomic status and job control on plasma fibrinogen responses to acute mental stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An elevation in plasma fibrinogen may be one of the pathways through which low socioeconomic status increases cardiovascular disease risk. This study assessed the influence of socioeconomic status, job control, and social isolation on fibrinogen responses to acute stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted with 125 white men and 96 white women aged 47 to 58 years, drawn from the Whitehall II cohort. Socioeconomic status was indexed by grade of employment, with 82 high, 75 intermediate, and 64 low grade participants. Plasma fibrinogen and hematocrit were assessed at baseline, immediately after performance of color-word and mirror tracing tasks, and 45 minutes later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma fibrinogen increased from baseline to stress (from 2.85 +/- 0.57 to 2.92 +/- 0.58 g/liter), remaining elevated 45 minutes after stress (2.89 +/- 0.58 g/liter, p <.001). Fibrinogen concentration was greater in the low than in the high or intermediate employment grade groups, independently of sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and hematocrit. Fibrinogen responses to acute stress did not differ across employment grades. Women had higher fibrinogen levels than men, but this pattern was abolished in women taking hormone replacement therapy. Men experiencing low job control showed greater fibrinogen responses to acute stress than did those with high job control (p =.003). Fibrinogen levels were greater in socially isolated individuals, but social isolation did not affect responses to acute stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socioeconomic status and acute stress had independent effects on the plasma fibrinogen level. Low job control may influence cardiovascular disease risk in men partly through provoking greater fibrinogen stress responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom. a.steptoe@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunz-Ebrecht
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: Gordon D O
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marmot
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006439:Hemodynamics; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D012934:Social Isolation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen