title: Cellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-protective factors: a comparison of HIV-exposed seronegative female sex workers and female blood donors in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
abstract: Cellular factors that may protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were investigated in 27 HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) and 27 HIV-seronegative female blood donors. Compared with blood donors, ESN FSWs had significantly decreased expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), but not of C-C chemokine receptor 5, on both memory (P<.001) and naive (P=.041) CD4(+) T cells. CXCR4 down-regulation was associated with prolonged duration of commercial sex work by ESN FSWs. CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells was significantly increased among ESN FSWs, compared with that among blood donors (P=.017). There were no differences in HLA-DR and CD62L expression between blood donors and ESN FSWs. Proportions of T cells producing the beta-chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation, normally T cell-expressed and -secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta or the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were similar in the 2 groups. These data indicate that ESN FSWs differ from HIV-seronegative female blood donors with respect to immunological factors that have no clear protective potential against HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. wjennes@itg.be
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jennes
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawadogo
authors.forename: Stéphania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koblavi-Dème
authors.forename: Bea
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuylsteke
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.forename: Thierry H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Roels
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chorba
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nkengasong
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kestens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000032:analysis; D007560:Cote d'Ivoire; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000032:analysis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis; D011477:Sex Work; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4