title: Effects of ganglioside GM1 on reduction of brain edema and amelioration of cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of ganglioside GM1 on reduction of brain edema and amelioration of cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  An acute experimental closed TBI model in rats was induced by a fluid-percussion brain injury model. At five and sixty minutes after TBI, the animals were intraperitoneally injected by ganglioside GM1 (30 mg/kg) or the same volume of saline. At the 6th hour after TBI, effects of ganglioside GM1 or saline on changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), contents of water, lactic acid (LA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the injured cerebral tissues were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After TBI, MAP decreased and contents of water, LA and LPO increased in brain injury group; however, MAP was back to normal levels and contents of water, LA and LPO decreased in ganglioside GM1 treated group, compared with those in brain injury group (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the saline treated group and the brain injury group (P > 0.05) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ganglioside GM1 does have obvious neuroprotective effect on early TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200003, China. zhigchen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zhi-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Guang-ji
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ji-yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006602:Hexosyltransferases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; C014866:G(M1)ganglioside synthetase; D006602:Hexosyltransferases