title: Rho kinase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors cooperate to inhibit angiogenesis and growth of human prostate cancer xenotransplants.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of inhibitors of Rho kinase (ROK) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on angiogenesis and tumor growth and to evaluate ROK activity in human prostate cancer PC3 cells and endothelial cells (HUVECs). Vacuolation by endothelial cells and lumen formation, the earliest detectable stages of angiogenesis, were inhibited by the ROK inhibitor Wf-536. Combining Wf-536 with the MMP inhibitor Marimastat greatly enhanced in vitro inhibition of endothelial vacuolation, lumen and cord formation, and VEGF- and HGF-stimulated endothelial sprout formation from aorta. Inhibition of sprout formation by the two inhibitors was synergistic. Both agents inhibited migration of HUVECs. The regulatory subunit (MYPT1) of the myosin phosphatase was phosphorylated in PC3 cells and HUVECs, and phosphorylation of MYPT1 and the myosin regulatory light chain was reduced by Wf-536, providing direct evidence of ROK activity. Early treatment of immuno-incompetent mice bearing xenotransplants of PC3 cells with a combination of Wf-536 plus Marimastat with or without Paclitaxel, significantly inhibited tumor growth, prevented tumor growth escape after discontinuation of Paclitaxel, and increased survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0736, USA. avs5u@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Avril V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Somlyo
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dipierro
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: M Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Burnitz
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Somlyo
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; C100342:marimastat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D017239:Paclitaxel