title: Gender differences in recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine whether female gender is associated with poorer recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The risks and benefits associated with CABG surgery in women are not as well established as they are in men, and there are concerns that women may have worse outcomes. The recovery period after CABG (the first four to eight weeks after the surgery) is a vulnerable time, with higher risks of complications and hospital readmission. There is little information on patients' experiences during this phase, particularly among women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 1,113 patients (804 men and 309 women) who underwent first CABG consecutively between February 1999 and February 2001. Patients were interviewed at baseline and between six and eight weeks after surgery. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with men, women were older and more often had unstable angina and congestive heart failure, lower physical function (PF), and more depressive symptoms in the month before surgery. At six to eight weeks after CABG surgery, after adjustment for baseline characteristics, the rate of hospital readmission was 20.5% in women and 11.0% in men (p = 0.005), and the mean number of physical symptoms and side effects was 2.5 in women and 2 in men (p = 0.0009). Whereas, on average, PF remained unchanged in men (an increase in score of 0.3 points, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.1 to 1.8) and depressive symptoms improved (a decrease of 0.2 depressive symptoms, 95% CI, -0.4 to -0.04), women showed, on average, a 13-point decline in physical function (95% CI, -15.8 to -10.4) and an increase of 0.5 in depressive symptoms (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After CABG surgery, women have a more difficult recovery compared with men, which is not explained by illness severity, presurgery health status, or other patient characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30306, USA. lvaccar@emory.edu
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
authors.forename: Zhen Qiu
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Stanislav V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kasl
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mattera
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roumanis
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support