title: Histologic changes on stapedial footplate in otosclerosis. Correlations between histologic activity and clinical findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the relationship between the stage of histologic changes of the stapedial footplate in otosclerosis and the magnitude of preoperative hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular disorder, and postoperative improvement of hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 97 patients (ears) (69 female and 28 male patients), with conductive or mixed hearing loss who were operated on for otosclerosis. The criterion for including a patient in the study was otosclerosis established by tympanoscopy and confirmed by histologic examination of a piece of the stapedial footplate.
  
  
  METHODS
  By the histologic features of the stapedial footplate fragments, the stage of the otosclerotic lesion was classified as spongiotic, fibrotic, or sclerotic. The patients were carefully matched for sex, age, duration of hearing impairment, presence of tinnitus, and vestibular symptoms. Preoperative and postoperative air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds were calculated as an average of four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). Analysis was subsequently carried out on the preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap and bone-conduction threshold improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to the histologic stage of otosclerotic lesions, tinnitus and vestibular disorders were present more frequently in patients with the sclerotic type of lesion. The type of otosclerotic lesion had no significant influence on the mean preoperative air-conduction threshold, bone-conduction threshold, and air-bone gap or on postoperative air-conduction threshold and bone-conduction threshold, but the postoperative air-bone gap was higher in patients with the fibrotic type of otosclerotic lesion and was highest in patients with the spongiotic type of otosclerotic lesion (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tinnitus, vestibular disorders, and better postoperative closure of the air-bone gap are present more frequently in patients with a sclerotic type of otosclerotic lesion on the stapedial footplate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia. anton.gros@guest.arnes.si
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gros
authors.forename: Jagoda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vatovec
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sereg-Bahar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D013199:Stapes / Q000473:pathology*; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery