title: Scalp arteriovenous malformation draining into the superior sagittal sinus associated with an intracranial arteriovenous malformation: just a coincidence? Case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent experimental and clinical evidence suggests that hemodynamic changes in the venous system can induce the formation of new arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). In a rat model, increased venous pressure induces the formation of soft tissue and dural AVMs. We report a clinical observation that may support these data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-year-old boy with a midline scalp AVM draining into the superior sagittal sinus had an associated intracranial/parenchymal AVM. The cerebral AVM increased venous pressure in the superior sagittal sinus as revealed by angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scalp AVM was resected, and the intracranial AVM was treated by use of the gamma knife.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of reported experimental data and the morphological and hemodynamic characteristics in this patient's two lesions, we suggest that the scalp AVM might have been induced by hypertension in the superior sagittal sinus. This clinical observation supports the notion suggested by experimental studies that hemodynamic changes can induce the formation of associated AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanzino
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passacantilli
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lemole
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spetzler
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000098:blood supply; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply*; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply; D014690:Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology