title: The development and evaluation of the UK national telepathology network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As technology advances and costs fall, it may be anticipated that soon every histopathologist will expect to be able to exchange electronic images with colleagues. Arguing that the value of a network increases as more people are connected, we sought to install a simple, low-cost telepathology system into any histopathology laboratory which requested it within the UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assumed that laboratories had microscopes, computers and internet access. We offered low-cost video cameras, video input cards, software and training to any histopathology department requesting installation, limited only by resources supplied by the UK government. We also established central servers and a website with 'help' files. After 1 year we studied system use and pathologists' opinions by circulating a questionnaire. Installations were completed in 35 laboratories; there are currently 66 registered users of the system, with 16 identified 'experts' covering most organ systems. Serious difficulties were caused by institutional firewalls and reluctance of local information technology (IT) staff to make changes to facilitate the installation or to help resolve subsequent network problems. After installation, many of the telepathology systems remain unused. Concerns were expressed about image quality, though mainly by pathologists who had not used the system for diagnostic work. The system remains available, but the level of use is low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This project has not achieved its aims. The reasons are complex, but mainly relate to human attitudes. Pathologists with excessive workloads were reluctant to use time to learn new skills which were not directed to reducing workload. IT staff did not perceive the project as part of their routine work. There were also numerous technological problems, but although image quality was cited by many, it was not a complaint of those who actively used the system. These problems have not been encountered by previous projects which involved small groups of committed enthusiasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK. wmb2@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rashbass
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Furness
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019113:Telepathology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom