title: Cricoid area of the larynx: its physiological and pathological significance.
abstract: The three-dimensional distribution of the cricoid area was investigated using computer graphics and its histological structure and pathology were studied using whole-organ serial sections. A total of 26 adult human larynges were examined. The findings were as follows: 1. Cricoid areas were located along the superior portion of the cricoid arch on both sides. 2. The cricoid area was surrounded by the perichondrium of the cricoid cartilage, the conus elasticus and the fibrous layer of the subglottic mucosa. 3. The cricoid area was a loose areolar area, mainly composed of adipose tissue and loose elastic and collagenous fibers. 4. Many vessels were present in the cricoid area and a superficial branch of the cricothyroid artery ran through it. 5. Vessels in the cricoid area penetrated the anteroinferior portion of the conus elasticus and extended into the prelaryngeal region. 6. In larynges with laryngeal carcinoma, cancer invasion into the cricoid area and intravascular tumor invasion facilitated metastasis to the prelaryngeal, pretracheal and/or paratracheal regions and stomal recurrence. Cricoid areas were related to the growth pattern of laryngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tetsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeno
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography