title: [The design, functions and clinic applications of lip bumper].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper introduced the principle of design, methods of fabrication, indications and functions of lip bumper, and advocated the application of lip bumper in orthodontic clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two typical cases treated with lip bumper were introduced. Some notices and experiences of applying lip bumpers were summed up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were following functions of lip bumper: as a space maintainer, Fränkel effect, headgear effect, post-maxillary expansion retention, derotation of molars, and combined using with headgear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of lip bumper are inclusions of a wide range of indication, wearing for 24 hours per day, easily fabricating and prefabricating, comfortable and hidden for patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003817:Dentition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D013027:Space Maintenance, Orthodontic