title: Inactivation of viral and prion pathogens by gamma-irradiation under conditions that maintain the integrity of human albumin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The administration of therapeutic plasma protein concentrates has been associated with the real risk of transmitting viral diseases and the theoretical risks of prion transmission. Our objective was to determine if gamma-irradiation can inactivate viral or prion infectivity without damaging a protein biotherapeutically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human albumin 25% solution, spiked with four model viruses (including porcine parvovirus) or with brain homogenate from scrapie-infected hamsters, was gamma-irradiated at constant low-dose rates and assayed for viral and prion infectivity or for albumin integrity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a radiation dose of 50 kGy, viruses were inactivated by >/= 3.2 to >/= 6.4 log10 and scrapie by an estimated 1.5 log10, whereas albumin was only moderately aggregated and fragmented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  gamma-Irradiation can preferentially inactivate viral and prion pathogens without excessive damage to albumin structure.
authors.affiliation: Clearant, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. SMiekka@Clearant.com
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Miekka
authors.forename: R-Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Forng
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rohwer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacAuley
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Drohan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000592:standards; D006224:Cricetinae; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D011328:Prions / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012608:Scrapie / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D014780:Viruses / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D011328:Prions; D012709:Serum Albumin