title: Thoracic trauma in foals: post mortem findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracic trauma occurs in newborn foals and may cause associated clinical signs; this condition remains poorly documented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the pathological features of thoracic trauma in newborn foals presented for necropsy examination between 1990 and 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Necropsy reports of foals with thoracic trauma from 1990-2000 were reviewed. Subject details, clinical signs, thoracic and abdominal lesions were noted and analysed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven (9%) of 760 necropsied foals had thoracic trauma. In 19 foals, fractured ribs were considered to be the cause of death (Group A). The remaining foals had fractured ribs (Group B, n = 20) or rib contusions (Group C, n = 28) that were incidental findings. Ribs 3 to 8 accounted for 86% of the traumatised bones. The most common site of injury was the costochondral junction and an area immediately above it (94%). In Group A, all but 2 foals died within the first 8 days postpartum. Haemothorax and subsequent pulmonary collapse was cited most commonly as the cause of death (53%). Diaphragmatic rupture and hernia (n = 2) also occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The focal site, consistent location and presence of lesions during the first week post partum, all suggest that thoracic trauma in newborn foals probably occurs during parturition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The description of lesions and site of occurrence of thoracic trauma in foals will increase awareness and improve the diagnosis and treatment of this life threatening condition.
authors.affiliation: Département de Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M6, Canada.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schambourg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laverty
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mullim
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000293:injuries*; D001344:Autopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*