title: The emergence of potent forms of methamphetamine in Sydney, Australia: a case study of the IDRS as a strategic early warning system.
abstract: A striking finding of the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) in recent years has concerned the emergence in Sydney of a number of different forms of potent methamphetamine. This paper demonstrates the operation of the IDRS in detecting and documenting an increase in both the availability and use of these forms of methamphetamine in Sydney, and Australia more widely, since 1998. Data from different components of the IDRS are utilized to propose that there are currently at least three forms of methamphetamine available in Sydney that are considered by the market to be distinct commodities: methamphetamine powder ('speed'), base methamphetamine ('base') and crystalline methamphetamine ('ice'/'shabu'/'crystal meth'). Base and ice are more potent forms of methamphetamine than speed, and international experience, along with preliminary data obtained from the IDRS, suggest that their use is associated with harms in a number of domains.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Libby
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Topp
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.forename: Sharlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D019221:Mandatory Reporting; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine