title: Bicalutamide dose-dependently inhibits proliferation in human prostatic carcinoma cell lines and primary cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Androgen antagonists inhibit prostatic cell proliferation in normal and pathological conditions and are useful antitumor agents in prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Bicalutamide (BCLT) is a well-known non-steroidal antiandrogenic agent able to interfere with androgen receptor (AR). We tested the efficacy of BCLT in inhibiting proliferation of human PCa cell lines and of primary cultures from biopsies of PCa patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human prostatic carcinoma cell lines (PC3, DU145, LNCaP ALVA 31 and ND1) and short-term primary tissue cultures from PCa patients were treated with BCLT. Cell proliferation and orange acridine and ethidium bromide fluorescence staining studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BCLT was able to inhibit, significantly and dose-dependently, cell proliferation in AR-positive human PCa cell lines and in 10 cases of primary cultures with Gleason grades 4 to 8. Its action appears to be mainly apoptotic in AR-positive cells and cytotoxic in AR-negative cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BCLT, which inhibits growth in both human PCa cell lines and PCa primary cultures from patients with medium and low-grade tumors, deserves attention as a potential widely effective antiandrogenic monotherapy in prostatic carcinoma. However, its efficacy in AR-negative cells requires further research.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila Medical School, Via Vetoio, Coppito-2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vicentini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Festuccia
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelucci
authors.forename: Giovanni Luca
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gravina
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muzi
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eleuterio
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miano
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marronaro
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bologna
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004996:Ethidium; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange