title: The chemical UV-filter 3-benzylidene camphor causes an oestrogenic effect in an in vivo fish assay.
abstract: Chemical UV-filters are used in sun protection products and various kinds of cosmetics. The lipophilic chemical UV-filter 3-benzylidene camphor was investigated for its capability to cause vitellogenin induction, possibly via oestrogen receptor binding, in a well-established in vivo fish assay (juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, vitellogenin ELISA). A clear relationship was demonstrated between the dose of injected 3-benzylidene camphor and the concentration of plasma vitellogenin with a 105-times induction from 68 mg 3-benzylidene camphor /kg/injection and above compared to the control vitellogenin level. The relationship between the injected dose of 3-benzylidene camphor and the percent of responding fish (vitellogenin) was evaluated by logistic regression analysis and effective dose-values (ED-values) were determined. ED10, ED50 and ED90 of 3-benzylidene camphor after 6 days (2 injections) were 6.4, 16 and 26 mg/kg/ injection, respectively. These ED-values place 3-benzylidene camphor among the more potent xenooestrogens discovered to date and necessitates investigations on the distribution, concentration, persistence and bioaccumulation of 3-benzylidene camphor and other UV-filters in nature.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. hol@biology.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holbech
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nørum
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korsgaard
authors.forename: Bjerregaard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004958:Estradiol