title: Genetic characterisation of adenovirus type 8 isolated in Hiroshima city over a 15 year period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the genetic differences among the strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) circulating in Hiroshima city, Japan, and to study their circulation pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty nine strains of adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) were isolated in Hiroshima City over a 15 year period (1983-97) from patients with keratoconjunctivitis, and analysed with six restriction enzymes-BamHI, HindIII, PstI, SacI, SalI, and SmaI-to investigate possible relations among the isolates and their genetic variability. Seven hypervariable regions of the hexon gene that carry the type specific epitope were also sequenced to investigate the variation among the genome types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restriction endonuclease analyses yielded three known genome types (Ad8A, 13 samples; Ad8B, seven samples; and Ad8E, 35 samples) and a novel genome type (Ad8I, 74 samples). Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E were closely related, with 96% homology, whereas Ad8I had only 71% homology. Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E shared 91.8% and 96.4% homology with regard to their amino acid and nucleotide sequences, respectively, with the isolate 1127 (accession no X74663). However, when compared with Ad8A, Ad8B, Ad8E, and isolate 1127, Ad8I shared only 62.7% and 69.9% homology with regard to amino acid and nucleotide sequences, respectively. Ad8A, Ad8B, and Ad8E had a unique 31 amino acid deletion in the hypervariable region 1 of the hexon gene, whereas Ad8I had a 33 residue deletion. The Ad8E strain that circulated from 1984 to 1995 was stable among the study population. Ad8I was isolated from an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in 1995 and was also isolated from sporadic cases until 1997.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirmed that genetic variability occurs in Ad8 in the microenvironment and revealed the emergence of a new genome type (Ad8I).
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Surveillance Centre, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Adhikary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Numaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaburaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukoyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okabe
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D022801:Complementarity Determining Regions; D004279:DNA, Viral