title: [The significance and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor on nasal inverted papillomas].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in nasal inverted papillomas (NIP) and to clarify the function of VEGF in the establishment of NIPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGF and its receptor, fetal liver kinase-1 (flk-1) expression were examined by immunohistochemistry using SP method in sections of NIPs from 11 patients and inferior turbinates from 6 patients with chronic simple rhinitis. An automatic image analyzer was used to detect the staining results. Gray scale, a half-quantitative parameter, was used to describe the expression of VEGF and flk-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It showed that all the epithelium in NIPs, together with vascular and stroma adjacent to the epithelium, expressed different degree of VEGF. The VEGF expression in epithelium was significantly stronger in NIPs than that in inferior turbinates (P < 0.001). The expressions of both VEGF and flk-1 in vascular endothelium were more intense in NIPs than that in inferior turbinates (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Flk-1 positive expression was observed in epithelium of NIPs but not in inferior turbinates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that VEGF participate in the growth of NIPs, part of which shows the characteristics of containing plenty of blood vessels and being bloody in operation. The enhanced expression of VEGF may also play a key role in the development of edematous stroma. The expression degree of VEGF in the epithelium may be identified as one of the parameters of judging the propensity of NIPs' malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Third Affilliated College of Bethune Medical University, Changchun 130031.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2