title: Transabdominal vesical sonography of urethral syndrome and stress incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to study the bladder neck morphology in women with urethral syndrome or stress urinary incontinence, in order to determine the ultrasonographic findings of these conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 210 female patients with a normal bladder, asymptomatic trigonitis, urethral syndrome, and stress incontinence were studied. The mucosal thickness around the bladder neck, the length of the anterior base plate of the bladder, and the anteroposterior vesical wall angle (APVA) at the bladder neck were measured on sagittal transabdominal vesical ultrasonograms with the patient in the supine position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with asymptomatic trigonitis or urethral syndrome had thicker mucosa around the bladder neck than the subjects with a normal bladder, and the subjects with stress incontinence had normal mucosa. The APVA was 158 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) degrees in the subjects with a normal bladder. It was smaller in symptomatic patients and decreased to 109 +/- 10 degrees in those with conservative therapy-resistant incontinence. The anterior edge of the vesical base plate was visible approximately 2 cm from the bladder neck in subjects without incontinence, while it tended to be absent in patients with incontinence and an APVA of less than 126 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small APVA appears to reflect bladder neck descent, while a small APVA without a visible anterior base plate edge may reflect hypotonia of the vesical base plate. Transabdominal vesical ultrasonography with the patient in the supine position provides useful information and can be carried out as a routine examination in female patients with micturition disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. sugaya@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owan
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashitomi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazato
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morozumi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003556:Cystitis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016683:Supine Position; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology