title: [Vocational rehabilitation in German vocational retraining centres and results of Berufsförderungswerk Heidelberg gGmbH].
abstract: The article focuses on the results of vocational integration over the last two decades and on actual results from client-surveys as presented by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Berufsförderungswerke (ADB) (working group of the German vocational retraining centres) and the Berufsförderungswerk Heidelberg (BFW Heidelberg, the vocational retraining centre in Heidelberg). Process quality of vocational rehabilitation can be indicated by data like the number of persons dropping out of their training - the ratio to be found in the vocational retraining centres is on a lower level than in other institutions of vocational training. Clients have changed: during the last decade the average age of the clients in the BFW Heidelberg has increased by 3 years, there is a higher proportion of women, but there also are more clients with psychological disorders. A new group of clients is growing - non-handicapped persons who pay for their training themselves. Process quality has improved, with graduates of the BFW Heidelberg saying significantly more often that they can use much or very much of the training courses' contents within their later occupational activities -- the proportion increases with the level of training they had undergone. Additionally the proportion of those is growing who see themselves in an -- according to their training -- adequate occupational situation. These are certainly positive results referring to the indicators of process quality. Concerning outcome quality one has to take the levels of occupational integration into account. Compared with the results of German vocational retraining centres overall, graduates of the Heidelberg centre constantly had a higher level of vocational integration over the last 20 years, one of the reasons being that the vocational training offered in Heidelberg reaches up to the level of degree of a university of applied sciences. The situation on the job market strongly influences occupational integration: it is evident that a high rate of unemployment will extend the time span necessary for placement. But in the long run occupational integration proves to be amazingly high. Variables that influence the results are: level of disability, sex, age and marital status. The level of vocational qualification is a characteristic with high evidence: integration of graduates at the level of "Fachschule" (highly skilled technician or the like) is 10 % higher and that of graduates at the level of "Fachhochschule" (university of applied sciences) another 10 %. Participation in vocational rehabilitation generally is highly estimated -- estimation as given two years after the training increases with the level of qualification. In the Heidelberg centre progress is seen in expanding the proportions of special target groups (which of course is politically aimed at): women now account for some 30 %, there are more elderly clients and for example also more clients with psychological disorders. The vocational integration of these various groups has to be regarded under different aspects. For example, the situation of severely disabled clients is quite ambivalent: their proportion is falling and their rate of occupational integration is relatively low -- yet there are effects that may compensate. So the importance of the disability decreases with a rising level of vocational training. The data presented may permit the conclusion that vocational rehabilitation at the Heidelberg centre has become more successful over the last decade.
authors.affiliation: Berufsförderungswerk Heidelberg gGmbH, SRH, Heidelberg.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Tews
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004518:Education, Professional, Retraining; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014830:Vocational Guidance