title: In vivo inhibition of demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
abstract: Demineralization around orthodontic appliances is a problem. Suboptimal oral hygiene, long intervals between appointments, and potentially poor patient cooperation with using fluoride dentifrices and mouth rinses necessitate a compliance-free means of preventing tooth decay. The hypothesis of this study was that fluoride released by glass ionomer cement inhibits the formation of carious lesions around orthodontic brackets in vivo. Brackets were bonded on 2 first premolars in 21 randomized, consecutively selected patients 11 to 18 years old. Eleven test-group subjects were bonded with fluoride-releasing glass ionomer cement, and 10 control subjects were bonded with composite resin (no fluoride). The teeth were extracted after 4 weeks, sectioned, and evaluated quantitatively by cross-sectional microhardness testing. Fluoride levels in patient saliva were measured by the Taves diffusion method in samples taken at days 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to determine whether fluoride from the glass ionomer cement influenced the overall intraoral fluoride levels. The results demonstrated significantly more demineralization around the brackets of the control patients (P <.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). For whole-mouth salivary fluoride levels, no significant overall difference between the groups (P >.05) and no noticeable trend within groups (P >.05) were found. These results indicate that using fluoride-releasing glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets successfully inhibited caries in vivo. This cariostatic effect was localized to the area around the brackets and was statistically significant after 4 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Growth and Development, University of California at San Francisco, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gorton
authors.forename: John D B
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Featherstone
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000293:Adolescent; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001641:Bicuspid; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C065742:Transbond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D005459:Fluorides