title: A field survey of chemicals and biological products used in shrimp farming.
abstract: This study documented the use of chemicals and biological products in marine and brackish water shrimp farming in Thailand, the world's top producer of farmed shrimp. Interviews were conducted with 76 shrimp farmers in three major shrimp producing regions, the eastern Gulf coast, the southern Gulf coast and the Andaman coast area. Farmers in the study used on average 13 different chemicals and biological products. The most commonly used products were soil and water treatment products, pesticides and disinfectants. Farmers in the southern Gulf coast area used a larger number of products than farmers in the other two areas. In the study, the use of more than 290 different chemicals and biological products was documented. Many of the pesticides, disinfectants and antibiotics used by the farmers could have negative effects on the cultured shrimps, cause a risk for food safety, occupational health, and/or have negative effects on adjacent ecosystems. Manufacturers and retailers of the products often neglected to provide farmers with necessary information regarding active ingredient and relevant instructions for safe and efficient use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. sara@ecology.su.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gräslund
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holmström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wahlström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D017756:Aquaculture; D003625:Data Collection; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D017747:Seafood; D013785:Thailand; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D010575:Pesticides; D014873:Water Pollutants