title: Reproduction of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) after feeding or food deprivation in winter.
abstract: The wild raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Canidae, Carnivora) goes through autumn fattening followed by winter sleep. Farmed raccoon dogs also exhibit autumn fattening but not winter sleep, as a result of daily feeding and lack of nests. We studied the effects of food deprivation and winter sleep or active winter feeding on the physiology and reproduction of farm-born raccoon dogs. Eighty-six animals were put on a 2-month fast in November-December. The fast caused no deleterious effects on the health of the raccoon dogs. In the spring the food-deprived animals had slightly more cubs per mated female than the fed animals. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of cubs obtained and the mean body mass of the females at the beginning of the mating season. The highest mean number of cubs was obtained by the females that weighed 5-7 kg. The results indicate that the raccoon dog is finely adapted to a long period of food deprivation in the winter. Furthermore, winter sleep and food deprivation could be introduced to farm conditions by providing the raccoon dogs with nestboxes and withholding food for a period of 6-8 weeks in mid-winter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, Finland. juha.asikainen@joensuu.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asikainen
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasanen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araja-Matilainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyvärinen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001831:Body Temperature; D002335:Carnivora / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D009425:Nesting Behavior; D011897:Random Allocation; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons