title: New color vision tests to evaluate faulty color recognition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and assess new color vision tests to be used in evaluating faulty color recognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed new color vision tests to evaluate faulty color recognition. The two types of color vision tests, designed to assess faulty color recognition in color vision deficiencies, are based on principles that are different from those of the conventional color vision tests. In the first test plate, the subject is asked to choose either a red, green, or gray line from among 10 lines that are randomly colored red, green, gray, yellow, or blue. The score is the difference between the number of correct answers and the number of incorrect answers. In the second test plate, the subject is asked to identify a total of 10 red azalea blossoms, which are dispersed among numerous green leaves. Seventy-five persons with congenital color deficiencies and 20 subjects with normal color vision were examined using these new test plates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores differed significantly between dichromats and anomalous trichromats, and between anomalous trichromats and subjects with normal color vision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new tests are easy to use, sensitive, and have good reproducibility for use in discriminating subjects with color vision anomalies. These tests reveal the faulty color recognition that occurs unconsciously in persons with color deficiencies, and are useful in judging the quantification of color vision required in their daily life and occupations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitahara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003119:Color Perception Tests / Q000379:methods*; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity