title: Glenohumeral translations are only partially restored after repair of a simulated type II superior labral lesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect on joint stability of repair of type II superior labrum and biceps anchor lesions is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Increased translations of the glenohumeral joint after a simulated type II lesion will be reduced after the lesion is repaired.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A robotic/universal force-moment testing system was used to simulate load-and-shift and apprehension tests on eight cadaveric shoulders to determine joint kinematics of the shoulder after venting, creation of a type II lesion, and repair of the lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 30 degrees of abduction, anterior translation of the vented joint in response to an anterior load was 18.7 +/- 8.5 mm and was significantly increased to 26.2 +/- 6.5 mm after simulation of a type II lesion. Repair did not restore anterior translation (23.9 +/- 8.6 mm) to that of the vented joint. The inferior translation that also occurred during application of an anterior load was 3.8 +/- 4.0 mm in the vented joint and increased significantly to 8.5 +/- 5.4 mm with a simulated type II lesion. After repair, the inferior translation decreased significantly to 6.7 +/- 5.3 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repair of a type II lesion only partially restored glenohumeral translations to that of the vented joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical techniques including improved repair of passive stabilizers injured in the type II lesion should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burkart
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Debski
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Musahl
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation; D012399:Rotation; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019415:Torque; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*