title: Effects of predictive mechanisms on head stability during forward trunk perturbation.
abstract: While much is known about reflex and mechanical contributions to the control of head stability, little is known about predictive control. The goal of this experiment was to determine the contribution of predictive mechanisms to head stability in space, in the pitch plane, during forward trunk perturbations. Eleven standing healthy subjects had their trunk pulled forward by a load-pulley apparatus. The perturbation was either self-triggered or imposed (triggered by the experimenter). Subjects were exposed to two loads: 2% and 4% of their body weight. The contributions of torques acting on the head-neck system were inferred from head and trunk kinematics, neck muscle EMG, and the torques acting on the head, which were computed using inverse dynamics. The results showed that both the head and trunk moved less during the self-triggered than imposed condition during both loads for most of the participants. There was no evidence of predictive neck countertorque or increased neck muscle co-contraction during the self-triggered condition. These findings suggest that most of the subjects improved head stability in the self-triggered condition by reducing trunk motion and the associated interactive torque that perturbed the head.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Medical School, 645 N. Michigan Avenue (Suite 1100), Chicago, IL 60611-2814, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simoneau
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tinker
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hain
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex; D013997:Time Factors; D019415:Torque; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*