title: Isoflurane decreases ATP sensitivity of guinea pig cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channel at reduced intracellular pH.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Volatile anesthetics can protect the myocardium against ischemic injury by opening the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K(atp)) channels. However, direct evidence for anesthetic-channel interaction is still limited, and little is known about the role K(atp) channel modulators play in this effect. Because pH is one of the regulators of K(atp) channels, the authors tested the hypothesis that intracellular pH (pHi) modulates the direct interaction of isoflurane with the cardiac K(atp) channel.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of isoflurane on sarcolemmal K(atp) channels were investigated at pHi 7.4 and pHi 6.8 in excised inside-out membrane patches from ventricular myocytes of guinea pig hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At pHi 7.4, intracellular ATP (1-1,000 microm) inhibited K(atp) channels and decreased channel open probability (Po) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 8 +/- 1.5 microm, and isoflurane (0.5 mm) either had no effect or decreased channel activity. Lowering pHi from 7.4 to 6.8 enhanced channel opening by increasing Po and reduced channel sensitivity to ATP, with IC shifting from 8 +/- 1.2 to 45 +/- 5.6 microm. When applied to the channels activated at pHi 6.8, isoflurane (0.5 mm) increased Po and further reduced ATP sensitivity, shifting IC(50) to 110 +/- 10.0 microm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in pHi appear to modulate isoflurane interaction with the cardiac K(atp) channel. At pHi 6.8, which itself facilitates channel opening, isoflurane enhances channel activity by increasing Po and reduces sensitivity to inhibition by ATP without changing the unitary amplitude of single channel current or the conductance. These results support the hypothesis of direct isoflurane-K(atp) channel interaction that may play a role in cardioprotection by volatile anesthetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA. astadnic@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stadnicka
authors.forename: Zeljko J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Bosnjak
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054086:KATP Channels; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D054086:KATP Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; C092520:uK-ATP-1 potassium channel; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007530:Isoflurane; D011188:Potassium