title: Toxicokinetic of HEMA in guinea pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Unconverted 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) can be released from dental resin materials and can enter the body in humans. In the present study the uptake, distribution and excretion of 14C-HEMA applied via different routes were examined in vivo in guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  HEMA (0.02 mmol/kg bw labelled with a tracer dose 14C-HEMA 0.3 Bq/g bw) was administered by gastric tube or by subcutaneous injection. Urine, feces, and exhaled carbon dioxide were collected for 24 h after administration. Guinea pigs were killed 24 h after the beginning of the experiment and various organs removed and 14C radioactivity measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low fecal 14C levels (about 2% of the dose) and urinary levels of about 15% after 24 h were noted with either route of administration. Direct measurement of exhaled CO(2) showed that about 70% of the dose left the body via the lungs. Two pathways for the metabolism of 14C-HEMA can be described. It is likely that 14C-pyruvate is formed in vivo resulting in the formation of toxic 14C-HEMA intermediates. 14C-HEMA was taken up rapidly from the stomach and small intestine after gastric administration and was widely distributed in the body following administration by each of the routes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clearance from most tissues following gastric and intradermal administration was essentially complete within one day. The peak HEMA levels in all tissues examined after 24 h were at least onemillion-fold less than known toxic levels.
authors.affiliation: Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nussbaumstr 26, 80336 Munich, Germany. reichl@lmu.de
authors.forename: F-X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Reichl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Durner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kehe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manhart
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folwaczny
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kleinsasser
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001944:Breath Tests; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D008689:Methacrylates; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate