title: Mutational analysis of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit gene in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence for association of an intronic polymorphism with attention problems.
abstract: Recent studies suggest the presence of genetically distinct subtypes of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and that attention problems can be treated with receptor subtype selective nicotine agonists. In this study, individuals with two independent familial subtypes of ADHD defined by latent class analysis were systematically screened for sequence variations in the coding regions and intron/exon junctions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit gene (CHRNA4). Common polymorphisms were used for transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analyses. A significant association was found for a 5' intron 2 single nucleotide polymorphism and severe inattention problems (P = 0.007, effect size = 4, 95% CI 1.3-14.1). The location of the polymorphism is compatible with it affecting pre-mRNA stability or splicing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. toddr@psychiatry.wustl.edu
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lobos
authors.forename: L-W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Neuman
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics; D007438:Introns; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic