title: Influence of postoperative immobilization on tendon length after radiofrequency-induced shrinkage. An in vivo rabbit study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the widespread use of radiofrequency-induced shrinkage of collagenous tissues, there have been no animal studies on the effects of postoperative immobilization after such treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of postoperative immobilization after radiofrequency energy treatment, with special emphasis on any tissue length increases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The right patellar tendon of 60 New Zealand White rabbits was shrunk with a radiofrequency probe. Tendon length was measured intraoperatively before and after shrinkage and via radiographs immediately postoperatively and at 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Twenty rabbits were not immobilized, 20 were immobilized for 3 weeks, and 20 were immobilized for 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nonimmobilized limbs, the tendon length increased 34.9% at 3 weeks and another 2.5% at 6 weeks, versus 11.2% at 3 weeks and 6.6% at 6 weeks in the immobilized limbs. Ten of the 20 rabbits that were immobilized for 6 weeks were sacrificed at 9 weeks and were found to have a further length increase of 10.8%. At 9 weeks, the tendons of this group were no longer significantly shorter than the tendons from rabbits that had not been immobilized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful postoperative rehabilitation is imperative after radiofrequency-induced shrinkage. Without protection, exposure to normal physiologic loads places the shrunken tissue at risk of stretching out beyond the preshrinkage length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shrunken tissue is at risk of stretching out after radiofrequency-induced shrinkage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pötzl
authors.forename: Kai-Axel
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heusner
authors.forename: Joern
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D007103:Immobilization / Q000502:physiology*; D010329:Patella / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D012307:Risk Factors; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors