title: [Diagnosis and therapy of thrombophlebitis with special consideration of low molecular weight heparin].
abstract: The clinical diagnosis of superficial thrombophlebitis is characterized by the occurrence of painful and inflamed cords along superficial veins and varices. Duplex sonography is recommended to rule out asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis which may be present in about 20% and to check potential sources of entrance of the thrombotic process into deep veins, like the junctions of great and small saphenous veins. Classic therapy is based on firm compression therapy and walking exercises. Incisions with expression of clots and anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce pain and inflammation. When phlebitis involves also the thigh and especially the proximal part of the great saphenous vein surgical ligation of the junction and local thrombectomy can be considered, preferably on an outpatient basis. Recent data from one randomised controlled trial demonstrate the efficacy of unfractionated heparin in a dose of 12,500 I.U. s. c. twice a day in this indication. According to another randomised controlled trial low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may reduce the development of thromboembolic complications and also the relatively frequent extension of the thrombi in the superficial veins. Therapeutic doses seem to be more effective than prophylactic doses. While conventional therapy with compression and walking is sufficient for the majority of cases, the additional use of low molecular heparin is recommended in increased thromboembolic risk and when the thigh is involved. In the few studies available treatment time of 6-12 days is reported. More studies with special focus on indication, dosage and duration of therapy with LMWH are needed for the recommendation of clear therapeutic guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Dermatologische Abteilung des Wilhelminenspitals der Stadt Wien. Hugo.Partsch@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Partsch
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight