title: Waiting for scheduled services in Canada: development of priority-setting scoring systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An Achilles' heel of Canadian Medicare is long waits for elective services. The Western Canada Waiting List (WCWL) project is a collaboration of 19 partner organizations committed to addressing this issue and influencing the way waiting lists are structured and managed. The focus of the WCWL project has been to develop and refine practical tools for prioritizing patients on scheduled waiting lists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scoring tools for priority setting were developed through extensive clinical input and highly iterative exchange by clinical panels constituted in five clinical areas: cataract surgery; general surgery procedures; hip and knee replacement; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, and children's mental health. Several stages of empirical work were conducted to formulate and refine criteria and to assess and improve their reliability and validity. To assess the acceptability and usability of the priority-setting tools and to identify issues pertaining to implementation, key personnel in the seven regional health authorities (RHAs) participated in structured interviews. Public opinion focus groups were conducted in the seven western cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point-count scoring systems were constructed in each of the clinical areas. Participating clinicians confirmed that the tools offered face validity and that the scoring systems appeared practical for implementation and use in clinical settings. Reliability was strongest for the general surgery and hip and knee criteria, and weakest for the diagnostic MRI criteria. Public opinion focus groups endorsed wholeheartedly the application of point-count priority measures. Regional health authorities were generally supportive, though cautiously optimistic towards implementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the WCWL project has not 'solved' the problem of waiting lists and times, having a standardized, reliable means of assigning priority for services is an important step towards improved management in Canada and elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Policy Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGurran
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hadorn
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D017144:Focus Groups; D015276:Health Care Rationing / Q000592:standards*; D006292:Health Priorities / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D009313:National Health Programs; D018579:Patient Selection; D016730:Program Development; D011639:Public Opinion; D012040:Regional Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014850:Waiting Lists