title: Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pioglitazone is considered to reduce insulin resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and clinical profile of pioglitazone in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with pioglitazone (30 mg q.d.) orally for 16 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant reductions in HbA1C, FPG and postprandial plasma glucose at week 16. As adverse events, oedema, hypoglycaemia-like reaction, increases in LDH, CPK, etc. were noted. There was no significant change in TNF-alpha. Leptin levels increased significantly at week 16 and were still increasing 4 weeks after the treatment. Per cent body fat was almost constant throughout the study period. When efficacy was classified by demographic variables, pioglitazone was found to be more effective in the subjects who had a higher postprandial 2-h plasma glucose level, leptin level or per cent body fat value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pioglitazone was considered to be effective when used in patients whose type 2 diabetes were poorly controlled with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor alone or alpha-glucosidase in combination with sulfonylurea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kariya General Hospital, Kariya, Japan First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan. y.h-naika@kariya-gh.or.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones