title: Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele: surgical correction by the Chula technique.
abstract: This study reevaluates a surgical technique known as the Chula technique, previously reported in 1991 for correction of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele. From 1986 to 1999, 108 patients were operated on with this technique, which could remove the herniation mass, repair dural and bone defects, reconstruct the naso-orbital area, and restore aesthetic facial appearance in a single stage. Formal frontal craniotomy was not necessary. The result has been very satisfying in terms of safety, cure rate, and aesthetic outcome. Spontaneous improvement of lacrimal passage obstruction occurred in 85.2 percent of cases, and dacryocystorhinostomy was required in the rest. There was no mortality. Complications (e.g., wound infection, 6.5 percent; wire extrusion, 3.7 percent; meningitis, 2.8 percent; cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 2.8 percent; and postoperative increased intracranial pressure, 2.8 percent) were much less frequent than in other reports. With a mean follow-up period of 439 days (maximum, 12 years), there has been no recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. charan.m@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Charan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahatumarat
authors.forename: Nond
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rojvachiranonda
authors.forename: Chopoew
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taecholarn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000601:surgery*; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*