title: Mechanisms of acute natriuresis in normal humans on low sodium diet.
abstract: This study evaluates the relative importance of several mechanisms possibly involved in the natriuresis elicited by slow sodium loading, i.e. the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), oxytocin and nitric oxide (NO). Eight seated subjects on standardised sodium intake (30 mmol NaCl day(-1)) received isotonic saline intravenously (NaLoading: 20 micromol Na(+) kg(-1) min(-1) or approximately 11 ml min(-1) for 240 min). NaLoading did not change MAP or GFR (by clearance of (51)Cr-EDTA). Significant natriuresis occurred within 1 h (from 9 +/- 3 to 13 +/- 2 micromol min(-1)). A 6-fold increase was found during the last hour of infusion as plasma renin activity, angiotensin II (ANGII) and aldosterone decreased markedly. Sodium excretion continued to increase after NaLoading. During NaLoading, plasma renin activity and ANGII were linearly related (R = 0.997) as were ANGII and aldosterone (R = 0.999). The slopes were 0.40 pM ANGII (mi.u. renin activity)(-1) and 22 pM aldosterone (pM ANGII)(-1). Plasma ANP and oxytocin remained unchanged, as did the urinary excretion rates of cGMP and NO metabolites (NO(x)). In conclusion, sodium excretion may increase 7-fold without changes in MAP, GFR, plasma ANP, plasma oxytocin, and cGMP- and NO(x) excretion, but concomitant with marked decreases in circulating RAAS components. The immediate renal response to sodium excess appears to be fading of ANGII-mediated tubular sodium reabsorption. Subsequently the decrease in aldosterone may become important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark-Odense, 21 Winslowparken, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: N C F
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sandgaard
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Høilund-Carlsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D010121:Oxytocin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012964:Sodium