title: Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection.
abstract: Nod2 activates the NF-kappaB pathway following intracellular stimulation by bacterial products. Recently, mutations in Nod2 have been shown to be associated with Crohn's disease, suggesting a role for bacteria-host interactions in the etiology of this disorder. We show here that Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through the recognition of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal bioactive peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria. Moreover, the 3020insC frameshift mutation, the most frequent Nod2 variant associated with Crohn's disease patients, fully abrogates Nod2-dependent detection of peptidoglycan and MDP. Together, these results impact on the understanding of Crohn's disease development. Additionally, the characterization of Nod2 as the first pathogen-recognition molecule that detects MDP will help to unravel the well known biological activities of this immunomodulatory compound.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U389, Paris Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Girardin
authors.forename: Ivo G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Boneca
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viala
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamaillard
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labigne
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Dana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Philpott
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sansonetti
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine