title: Breathing pattern and workload during automatic tube compensation, pressure support and T-piece trials in weaning patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Automatic tube compensation has been designed as a new ventilatory mode to compensate for the non-linear resistance of the endotracheal tube. The study investigated the effects of automatic tube compensation compared with breathing through a T-piece or pressure support during a trial of spontaneous breathing used for weaning patients from mechanical ventilation of the lungs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients were studied who were ready for weaning after prolonged mechanical ventilation (10.2 +/- 8.4 days) due to acute respiratory failure. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded. Thirty minutes of automatic tube compensation were compared with 30 min periods of 7 cmH2O pressure support and T-piece breathing. Breathing patterns and workload indices were measured at the end of each study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During T-piece breathing, the peak inspiratory flow rate (0.65 +/- 0.20 L s(-1)) and minute ventilation (8.9 +/- 2.7L min(-1)) were lower than during either pressure support (peak inspiratory flow rate 0.81 +/- 0.25 L s(-1) minute ventilation 10.2 +/- 2.3 L min(-1), respectively) or automatic tube compensation (peak inspiratory flow rate 0.75 +/- 0.26L s(-1); minute ventilation 10.8 +/- 2.7 L min(-1)). The pressure-time product as well as patients' work of breathing were comparable during automatic tube compensation (pressure-time product 214.5 +/- 104.6 cmH2O s(-1) min(-1), patient work of breathing 1.1 +/- 0.4 J L(-1)) and T-piece breathing (pressure-time product 208.3 +/- 121.6 cmH2O s(-1) min(-1), patient work of breathing 1.1 +/- 0.4 J L(-1)), whereas pressure support resulted in a significant decrease in workload indices (pressure-time product 121.2 +/- 64.1 cmH2O s(-1) min(-1), patient work of breathing 0.7 +/- 0.4 J L(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In weaning from mechanical lung ventilation, patients' work of breathing during spontaneous breathing trials is clearly reduced by the application of pressure support 7 cmH2O, whereas the workload during automatic tube compensation corresponded closely to the values during trials of breathing through a T-piece.
authors.affiliation: University of Aachen Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Aachen, Germany. Ralf.Kuhlen@post.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuhlen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Max
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dembinski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terbeck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014939:Work of Breathing