Goal-referenced selection of verbal action: modeling attentional control in the Stroop task.
This article presents a new account of the color-word Stroop phenomenon (J. R. Stroop, 1935) based on an implemented model of word production, WEAVER++ (W. J. M. Levelt, A. Roelofs, & A. S. Meyer, 1999b; A. Roelofs, 1992, 1997c). Stroop effects are claimed to arise from processing interactions within the language-production architecture and explicit goal-referenced control. WEAVER++ successfully simulates 16 classic data sets, mostly taken from the review by C. M. MacLeod (1991), including incongruency, congruency, reverse-Stroop, response-set, semantic-gradient, time-course, stimulus, spatial, multiple-task, manual, bilingual, training, age, and pathological effects. Three new experiments tested the account against alternative explanations. It is shown that WEAVER++ offers a more satisfactory account of the data than other models.
Roelofs
Ardi
A
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. ardi@mpi.nl
D001288:Attention; D003118:Color Perception; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012660:Semantics; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014825:Vocabulary