title: Major bleeding complications after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: impact of thrombolytic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of bleeding complications caused by thrombolysis in patients with cardiac arrest and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation is unclear. We evaluate the complication rate of systemic thrombolysis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by acute myocardial infarction, especially in relation to duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as retrospective cohort study, the risk factor being systemic thrombolysis and the end-point major haemorrhage, defined as life-threatening and/or need for transfusion. Over 10.5 years, emergency cardiac care data, therapy, major haemorrhage and outcome of 265 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to an emergency department after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed major haemorrhage in 13 of 132 patients who received thrombolysis (10%, 95% confidence interval 5-15%), five of these survived to discharge, none died because of this complication. Major haemorrhage occurred in seven of 133 patients in whom no thrombolytic treatment had been given (5%, 95% confidence interval 1-9%), two of these survived to discharge. Taking into account baseline imbalances between the groups, the risk of bleeding was slightly increased if thrombolytics were used (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 0.9-7.4) but this was not significant (P = 0.09). There was no clear association between duration of resuscitation and bleeding complications (z for trend = 1.52, P = 0.12). Survival was not significantly better in patients receiving thrombolysis (odds ratio 1.6, 0.9-3.0, P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bleeding complications after cardiopulmonary resuscitation are frequent, particularly in patients with thrombolytic treatment, but do not appear to be related to the duration of resuscitation. In the light of possible benefits on outcome, thrombolytic treatment should not be withheld in carefully selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pathology, General Hospital of Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20/6D, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurkciyan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meron
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sterz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müllner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Domanovits
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bankl
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Laggner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*