title: Transcutaneous immunization with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant suppresses IgE antibody responses via selective induction of Th1 immune responses.
abstract: Topical application of cholera toxin (CT) onto mouse skin can induce a humoral immune response to CT as well as to coadministered Ags. In this study, we examined the nontoxic cell-binding B subunit of CT (CTB) as a potential adjuvant for cutaneous immune responses when coadministered with the prototype protein Ag, OVA. CTB applied onto skin induced serum Ab responses to itself with magnitudes comparable to those evoked by CT but was poorly efficient at promoting systemic Ab responses to coadministered OVA. However, transcutaneous immunization (TCI) with either CT or CTB and OVA led to vigorous OVA-specific T cell proliferative responses. Furthermore, CTB potentiated Th1-driven responses (IFN-gamma production) whereas CT induced both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Coadministration of the toxic subunit CTA, together with CTB and OVA Ag, led to enhanced Th1 and Th2 responses. Moreover, whereas TCI with CT enhanced serum IgE responses to coadministered OVA, CTB suppressed these responses. TCI with either CT or CTB led to an increased accumulation of dendritic cells in the exposed epidermis and the underlying dermis. Thus, in contrast to CT, CTB appears to behave very differently when given by the transcutaneous as opposed to a mucosal route and the results suggest that the adjuvanticity of CT on Th1- and Th2-dependent responses induced by TCI involves two distinct moieties, the B and the A subunits, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anjuère
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: George-Chandy
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Audant
authors.forename: Déborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: Cecil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czerkinsky
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D002452:Cell Count; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497965:Cd86 protein, mouse; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; D002772:Cholera Toxin