title: Prostate carcinoma: defining therapeutic objectives and improving overall outcomes.
abstract: The development and progression of a prostate carcinoma from prediagnosis to death can be characterized as a series of clinical states. The states are milestones that can be used to assess prognosis, define therapeutic objectives, and assess outcomes. The antitumor effects of hormone therapies and cytotoxic agents in patients with prostate carcinoma are placed in context along with the bidrectional tumor-host interactions that contribute to the growth and resistance of osseous lesions. Identifying the factors that contribute to the growth of the disease at different points in the illness has lead to novel, systemic approaches. Proving the benefit of these approaches requires a series of unique trials with unique endpoints relevant to the clinical state of the patients and the specific therapy under evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. scherh@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Scher
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019938:Cyclin D1; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen