title: Significance of reduction surgery in multidisciplinary treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple intrahepatic lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By comparing the survival rates of patients treated with or without surgery, the significance of, and the indication for, reduction surgery in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions, cumulative survival rates were determined and compared for 28 patients (group S) who underwent reductive hepatic resection and 43 (group N) who were treated nonsurgically by transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), or percutaneous transhepatic ethanol injection therapy. In group S, 20 patients had adjuvant therapy, consisting of ethanol injection therapy or microwave coagulonecrotic therapy for the remaining satellite lesions during hepatectomy, and all patients in this group underwent TAI or TACE postoperatively. The influence of surgery on patient survival was examined by multiple regression analysis using the Cox's hazard model; then, for each prognostic factor, survival rates were obtained and compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group S, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 58.2%, 27.1%, and 21.7%, whereas the corresponding values in group N were 34.3%, 4.7%, and 4.7%, the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.0239). In group S, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates for patients without intraoperative adjuvant therapy were 25%, 0%, and 0%, whereas those for patients with intraoperative adjuvant therapy were 72.7%, 41.3%, and 33.0% (P = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that hepatic resection, the Child-Pugh score, and the size of the main tumor affected survival independently. Univariate analysis of differences in the cumulative survival rates between the groups as a function of prognostic factor showed that group S had statistically significant better survival rates than group N in those subgroups of patients who were <60 years old, with HBV infection, with a Child-Pugh score of 5 or 6, with a main tumor of <5-cm diameter, with <5 tumors, or without portal thrombi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When combined with intraoperative adjuvant therapy for remaining satellite tumors, reduction surgery provided survival benefit for patients with HCC with multiple intrahepatic lesions in those groups of patients selected by criteria determined in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Takamatsu National Hospital, Takamatsu-city, Kagawa, Japan. hisao-w@mxi.netwave.or.jp
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izuishi
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Seishiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000431:Ethanol