title: Biological and environmental contributions to adaptive behavior in fragile X syndrome.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited developmental disability. The purpose of the present study is to understand how both biological and environmental influences affect the development of adaptive behavior in children with fragile X. In-home assessments were conducted on 120 children (80 boys and 40 girls) with the fragile X full mutation and their unaffected siblings (58 boys and 62 girls). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized. Independent variables included biological or demographic variables specific to the child (age, gender, full-scale IQ, and FMRP percentage), as well as factors specific to his/her environment (household income, home environment, maternal psychopathology, and effectiveness of educational/therapeutic services). Results of these analyses showed that for both boys with fragile X and the control sibling group, adaptive behavior was predicted by IQ, age, gender, and home environment. For girls with fragile X, adaptive behavior was most strongly associated with IQ. Adaptive behavior was not significantly associated with FMRP in boys or girls with fragile X. By examining the relative influences of biological and environmental factors on adaptive behavior in children with fragile X, we begin to lay the foundation for the development of more specific treatment studies in children with this disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hessl
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dyer-Friedman
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wisbeck
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012923:Social Class