title: Childhood tuberculosis: treatment strategies and recent advances.
abstract: Over the past 20 years, several major studies have shown that 6-month therapy, initially using isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide, is highly effective and extremely safe for the treatment of most forms of childhood tuberculosis. The various drug schedules and frequency of administration will be reviewed. Directly observed therapy is an essential component of a paediatric tuberculosis treatment plan, though using it does not solve all problems with adherence to treatment. As the rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis increase around the world, special aspects of paediatric tuberculosis will have to be considered when designing treatment regimens for children. Finally, the next frontier of antituberculosis therapy may be the manipulation of the host immune system.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Hospital, MC 3-2371, 1102 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jstarke@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Starke
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents