title: Growth hormone receptor (GH)-expressing carcinoid tumors after recombinant human GH therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy.
abstract: We describe a patient who had growth hormone receptor-expressing carcinoid tumors develop in the distal colon and rectum after he received recombinant human growth hormone therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy. This case report serves as a cautionary note regarding the use of potentially oncogenic recombinant human growth hormone therapy to treat human immunodeficiency virus-positive persons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Liron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantanowitz
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: García-Caballero
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dezube
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone