title: Lorazepam substitutes for the alcohol stimulus in social drinkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The alcohol discriminative stimulus has been extensively studied in animals and demonstrated to be pharmacologically complex. In contrast, however, the alcohol stimulus has been less frequently studied in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the experiments reported here was to characterise pharmacologically an alcohol discriminative stimulus in social drinkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers were first trained to discriminate a dose of 0.2 g/kg alcohol from placebo, using an established method. We then investigated the generalisation response and subjective effects following a range of doses of the gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)(A) benzodiazepine-receptor agonist lorazepam (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg, PO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low doses of lorazepam (0.5 and 1 mg) did not cross-generalise with the alcohol stimulus and produced only minimal subjective effects. However, a dose of 2 mg lorazepam substituted (60.8%) for the stimulus ( P<0.02) and increased subjective ratings of "lightheaded" ( P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with the pre-clinical literature and indicate the cross-species generality of the GABA(A) component of the alcohol discriminative stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. jackson@biols.susx.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003221:Confusion / Q000139:chemically induced; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D000431:Ethanol; D008140:Lorazepam