title: Plasma chromogranin A in patients with sporadic gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As circulating chromogranin A (CgA) has been claimed to be the best general neuroendocrine marker so far available, we evaluated the usefulness of CgA determination in the clinical assessment of patients with sporadic gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma CgA levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 61 patients with sporadic GEP NET and in 25 with MEN 1 including 16 with GEP NET. Controls were 50 healthy volunteers, 46 patients with pituitary adenoma and 35 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cutoff value for CgA established in our healthy subjects (as mean+2 s.d.) was 20 U/l. CgA levels were above the normal range in 71/77 patients with sporadic or MEN 1-related GEP NETs (92%), in four out of nine MEN 1 patients without GEP NETs (44%), and only in 22/81 control patients with pituitary or parathyroid disease (27%). Furthermore, CgA levels of over 100 U/l occurred in 36/77 patients with GEP NETs (47%) and only in one patient with a non-functioning pituitary adenoma. In the patients with GEP NETs, both tumor burden and secretory activity affected CgA levels, and successful surgical resection was associated with markedly decreased CgA values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma CgA was confirmed to be a reliable marker for GEP NETs. Moreover, in MEN 1 patients the finding of very high CgA levels strongly suggests the presence of a GEP NET, as both primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenomas rarely cause marked CgA increases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Padiglione Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy. maddalena.peracchi@unimi.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peracchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gebbia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Penati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pizzinelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arosio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spada
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015408:Gastrinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C506150:CHGA protein, human; D053379:Chromogranin A; D002864:Chromogranins