Magnetometric evaluation of cadmium oxide-induced toxicity to pulmonary alveolar macrophages of Syrian golden hamsters.
Since alveolar macrophages play an important role in the clearance of inhaled dust from air-ways, these cells have been used as a target for various toxic chemicals. Alveolar macrophages obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage of Syrian golden hamsters were concurrently exposed in vitro to Fe(3)O(4), as an indicator for magnetometry, and various concentrations of cadmium oxide (CdO) in this study. A rapid decrease of the remnant magnetic field, called relaxation, was observed after the cessation of an external magnetic field stimulus in macrophages concurrently exposed to phosphate-buffered saline or CdO at 0.1 microg/ml, while relaxation was delayed in those concurrently exposed to 1, 25, or 50 microg/ml CdO. Therefore, the concentration of CdO affecting relaxation in vitro was estimated at between 0.1 and 1 microg/ml. Release of LDH activity from CdO-exposed macrophages into the medium significantly increased at levels of 25 and 50 microg/ml CdO. Apoptosis was not detected in macrophages exposed to CdO by the DNA ladder detection method or morphological observations. Electron-microscopic examination revealed severe membrane damage and vacuolar changes in macrophages exposed to CdO. Since delayed relaxation is thought to occur by (1). disrupted cytoskeleton-driven random rotation of phagosomes containing iron oxide particles, (2). significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity release, and (3). detachment of cell membranes, CdO is considered to affect macrophage functions.
Niitsuya
Masato
M
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. niitsuya@med.kitasato-u.ac.jp
Watanabe
Mitsuyasu
M
Okada
Mitsushi
M
Shinji
Hisako
H
Satoh
Toshihiko
T
Aizawa
Yoshiharu
Y
Cho
Young-Chae
YC
Kotani
Makato
M
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000473:pathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009336:Necrosis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility
D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C029663:cadmium oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C034236:ferrous oxide; D019256:Cadmium Chloride