title: Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza vaccine blended and filled at two manufacturing facilities.
abstract: This study was designed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent live-attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV-T) blended and filled at two different manufacturing facilities (Medeva and Aviron-PA). The vaccines contained approximately 10(7) TCID(50) (median tissue culture infectious dose) of each of the three recommended 1997-1998 influenza vaccine components, A/Shenzhen/227/95 (H1N1) (A/Bayern/7/95 (H1N1)-like strain), A/Wuhan/359/95 (H3N2), and B/Ann Arbor/1/94 (B/Beijing/184/93-like strain). Two hundred and twenty-five healthy Australian children aged 12-42 months were enrolled and randomized in a 3:2 ratio to receive CAIV-T blended and filled either at Medeva or at Aviron-PA. Two doses of CAIV-T were given 4-6 weeks apart as an intranasal spray. Three blood specimens were collected (immediately before doses one and two, and 28 +/- 5 days following dose two) for measuring hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses. Adverse events occurring within 10 days and serious adverse events occurring within 42 days were collected. Serum HAI antibody levels were measured against the three vaccine strains. Equivalent immunogenicity between the two vaccine groups was pre-specified as: (1) within 20% difference in seroconversion rates (HAI titers > or =4-fold rise); and (2) within 4-fold difference in the 90% confidence interval of geometric mean titer ratio. Among 10 pre-specified adverse events, only vomiting had significantly different incidence rates in the two vaccine groups following dose one (3% versus 13%, P = 0.01) but the difference disappeared following dose two (4% versus 4%). Differences in seroconversion rates following dose two between the two vaccine groups in pre-vaccination seronegative children were all <20% for the three vaccine strains (16% for H1N1, 0% for H3N2, and 0% for B). The results indicate that CAIV-T blended and filled in the two facilities had equivalent profiles of safety and immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vict, Australia.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Min-Shi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cordova
authors.forename: Iksung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Marilyn J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: August
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Coelingh
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mendelman
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004345:Drug Industry; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated