title: Combined dendritic cell- and CpG oligonucleotide-based immune therapy cures large murine tumors that resist chemotherapy.
abstract: The use of dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor antigen is one of the most advanced approaches in cancer immunotherapy. CpG motifs within microbial DNA detected by toll-like receptor 9 are responsible for the favorable properties of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as immune modulators. In this study, mature antigen-pulsed DC or peritumoral injections of CpG ODN, both effective for the treatment of small established tumors, were almost ineffective against large established tumors (1-cm diameter) in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. For large tumors, the antitumor activity of mature antigen-pulsed DC was strongly increased by coinjection of CpG ODN, resulting in a transient control of tumor growth. Rejection of large tumors and long-term cure of mice was achieved by combining injection of antigen-pulsed DC plus CpG ODN at a site distant to the tumor with peritumoral injections of CpG ODN. Depletion of CD8 T cells abrogated the therapeutic activity. Large numbers of DEC-205-positive DC infiltrated the tumor in treated mice. Therapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin was unable to control tumors of the same size. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the immune system, provided that appropriate stimulation with DC and CpG ODN is given, has the potential to cure animals of large solid tumors in situations where even chemotherapy is not efficient.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heckelsmiller
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rall
authors.forename: Bence
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlamp
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuma
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rothenfusser
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil