title: The clinical spectrum of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in north India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a secondary form of diabetes, unique to tropical countries. In earlier reports, patients with FCPD had severe insulin-requiring diabetes, malnutrition and a dismal prognosis. With Improvements in nutrition and medical care, the presentation and prognosis of FCPD may have changed. We report on the clinical profile and prognosis of a cohort of FCPD patients from north India and compare our findings with earlier reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty consecutive FCPD patients who presented to the Diabetes, Gastroenterology and Surgical Gastroenterology services were evaluated for their nutritional status, clinical presentation, beta-cell function (fasting C-peptide) and exocrine function (faecal chymotrypsin). All patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2000 (n = 32) were followed prospectively for weight gain and glycaemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 55% of FCPD patients had a low body mass index (< 18 kg/m2). At the time of diagnosis of diabetes, only 26 (33%) patients presented with severe insulin-requiring diabetes; these patients were younger [23.7 (8.3) years v. 28.7 (10.6) years, p = 0.04], and had higher haemoglobin A1c [9.7 (3.8)% v. 7.3 (2.6)%, p = 0.005] than those requiring diet control or oral hypoglycaemic agents. FCPD patients had a wide range of fasting serum C-peptide (0.03-0.76 nmol/L). C-peptide was negatively associated with increasing duration of diabetes (r = -0.48, p = 0.001), but there was no correlation with faecal chymotrypsin. On prospective follow up (mean 2.3 years), there was significant improvement in body mass index [19.4 (2.9) kg/m2 v. 17.0 (3.7) kg/m2, p < 0.01] and haemoglobin A,c [6.4 (1.6)% v. 8.0 (3.0)%, p < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FCPD patients differed from those described in earlier reports in many respects, Including improved nutritional status, a wide range of 3cell function and a more favourable prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.lastname: Rajeswari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choudhuri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies