title: Plasma vitamin E and A changes during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative course.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary bypass induces a generalized inflammatory reaction accompanied by free radical generation. Depletion of antioxidants could result and is reported for vitamin E and C. We investigated the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and biochemical variables (e.g., triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of all parameters were investigated by serial sampling in ten men undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Samples were taken before, during, and up to 48 h after bypass to obtain time profiles of the laboratory indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  alpha-Tocopherol and retinol decreased during cardiopulmonary bypass when not adjusted for confounders. After adjustment for hemodilution and lipids, no significant change was noted during bypass. However, a reduction in retinol was observed 48 h postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that vitamin E and A analysis to ascertain links to their consumption via the production of free radicals under conditions of cardiopulmonary bypass may be inappropriate. Specifically, during bypass a reduction in systemic vitamin E and A seems to be a response to changes in blood volume and liver function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, Kiel, Germany. rschindler@nutrfoodsc.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Suliko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rave
authors.forename: Hans-Hinrich
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sievers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein