title: Ergonomic job design to accommodate and prevent musculoskeletal disabilities.
abstract: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for a major portion of the cost of work-related injury and illness in the United States. Many of these injuries and illnesses lead to temporary or permanent disability. It is generally accepted that the incidence of MSDs increases when the demands of the job exceed the capabilities of the worker. As the workforce ages and physical capabilities decline, it is anticipated that many more Americans will request disability-related leave resulting from musculoskeletal disorders because they are unable to meet the demands of the job. To prevent these disabilities and to accommodate a wider range of people in the workforce, physical job demands may have to be reduced so that a larger portion of the population will be capable of working. Providing engineering controls or alternative work arrangements allows for accommodation of workers with a wide range of capabilities and can assist in rehabilitation and early return to work following injury.
authors.affiliation: Human Factors and Ergonomics Research Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*