title: Survey non-response in the Netherlands: effects on prevalence estimates and associations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in respondent characteristics may lead to bias in prevalence estimates and bias in associations. Both forms of non-response bias are investigated in a study on psychosocial factors and cancer risk, which is a sub-study of a large-scale monitoring survey in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents of a cross-sectional monitoring project (MORGEN; N = 22,769) were also asked to participate in a prospective study on psychosocial factors and cancer risk (HLEQ; N = 12,097). To investigate diverse aspects of non-response in the HLEQ on prevalence estimates and associations are studied, based on information gathered in the MORGEN-project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A response percentage of 45% was obtained in the MORGEN-project. Response rates were found to be lower among men and younger people. The HLEQ showed a response percentage of 56%, and respondents reported higher socioeconomic status, better subjective health and healthier lifestyle behaviors than non-respondents. However, associations between smoking status and either socioeconomic status or subjective health based on respondents only were not statistically different from those based on the entire MORGEN-population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-response leads to bias in prevalence estimates of current smoking, current alcohol intake, and low physical activity or poor subjective health. However, non-response did not cause bias in the examined associations.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. jeanne.van.loon@rivm.nl
authors.forename: A Jeanne M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Van Loon
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tijhuis
authors.forename: H Susan J
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Picavet
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Surtees
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015982:Bias; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors