title: Regulation of Kupffer cell TNF gene expression during experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and NF-kappaB.
abstract: We have demonstrated that Kupffer cell-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediates pancreatitis-associated liver injury. The aim of this study was to determine the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular stress-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in TNF gene expression within Kupffer cells. TNF and TNF-mRNA were measured in rat livers perfused with elastase. TNF, TNF-mRNA, NF-kappaB activation, and phosphorylated p38-MAPK, SAPK/JNK, and ERK1/2 were determined in Kupffer cells treated with elastase. Elastase increased TNF and upregulated TNF-mRNA in livers (P<0.03) and Kupffer cells (P<0.001). Phosphorylated p38-MAPK, SAPK/JNK, and ERK1/2 and activated NF-kappaB were detected in Kupffer cells at 7 minutes; at 60 minutes, TNF-mRNA peaked and NF-kappaB returned to baseline, whereas all three kinases remained activated. Gadolinium inhibited elastase-induced upregulation of TNF-mRNA (P < 0.001), TNF production (P<0.001), and attenuated SAPK/JNK, as well as ERK1/2, but not p38-MAPK. Both UO126 and SB203580 significantly inhibited elastase-induced upregulation of TNF-mRNA and TNF production (P<0.001), but only UO126 inhibited activation of NF-kappaB. It was concluded that pretranscriptional regulation of TNF gene expression in Kupffer cells follows an orderly activation of p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, and SAPK/JNK that may not converge on NF-kappaB. The seemingly limited duration of NF-kappaB activation may be important in "switching off" the cytokine cascade during acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, James A Haley VA Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA. mmurr@hsc.us.edu
authors.forename: Michel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murr
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fier
authors.forename: Scott F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Gay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015151:Immunoblotting; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000494:pharmacology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005682:Gadolinium; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase