title: Phosphorylation of serine 276 is essential for p65 NF-kappaB subunit-dependent cellular responses.
abstract: Phosphorylation of several serine residues especially in the transactivation (TA) domain of p65 NF-kappaB subunit has been suggested to be important for its transcriptional activity. However, the responsible phosphorylation site of p65 remains controversial. To investigate the biological significance of phosphorylation and to determine the critical phosphorylation sites of p65, we reconstituted murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from p65(-/-) mice with various serine to alanine (SA)-substituted mutants of p65. Unexpectedly, mutants in the TA domain, including S529A, S536A, and S529A/S536A, completely rescued the defect of p65(-/-) MEFs as assessed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- or interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced IL-6 production and protection from TNF-induced cell death. On the other hand, S276A mutant had an impaired ability to rescue these responses. Moreover, TNF-induced phosphorylation of p65 was severely impaired in S276A mutant, indicating that S276 is the major phosphorylation site of p65 and its phosphorylation is essential for p65-dependent cellular responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasazuki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012694:Serine; C498588:Tbk1 protein, mouse; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C403191:TBK1 protein, human; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000409:Alanine