title: Mobile radiography CQI: an inter-national study.
abstract: Mobile or bedside radiography has been and is a staple diagnostic and follow-up tool used readily by the many medical disciplines, such as cardiology, surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics, neonatology, etc. Ironically, in the past a student or the least qualified technologist was sent to perform the bedside exam. Moreover, it was almost expected that poor but acceptable film quality would result or that repeat films were almost always to be taken. Inefficiency with respect to quality of exam, the time the exam takes, or film repeats can be costly. The price of inefficiency is the cost involved in doing things incorrectly or not in the most efficient manner, i.e., incurring inefficiencies instead of operating in an ideal manner. The purpose of this study was to compare the total cost of inefficiently organized, scheduled and performed mobile radiography at three large teaching hospitals in various locations and of diverse patient loads, as a means of determining how best to increase utilization and performance. The study was performed at the 489-bed New England Deaconess Hospital (NEDH), the 644-bed Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), and the 1500-bed Rheinische Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) in Aachen, Germany. Similar standardized study methods were utilized at all three institutions where extended observation of mobile utilization, areas of inefficiency, time wasted per episode and number of episodes per time period were determined. Data were loggedin at three standardized time periods, summated, and then multiplied by technologist hourly pay rate. This sum was extrapolated over 52 weeks to give the total annual cost of inefficiently organized mobile radiography. For NEDH the cost of total inefficiency was $75,453, for SNGH $49,586, while for RWTH it was $9,519. Eighteen areas of inefficiency were identified and grouped, such as lack of spatial cohesiveness and lack of communication leading to film duplication, etc. While inefficiencies in the delivery of hospital based health care are well known, this study attempts to quantify and determine a dollar value for each process found as inefficient. Key inefficiencies were found to be common at large hospitals no matter whether in the United States or Europe. These impairments are responsible for a disproportionate share of overall inefficiency, and their elimination (achievable by simple solutions) would result in drastic cost reductions (ranging from 40-75% at the institutions studied). Thus this study is important in view of spiralling costs, as it is a key component of total quality management (TQM) in radiology and a continuous quality improvement (CQI) tool for mobile radiology specifically.
authors.affiliation: Norfolk General Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohan
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics; D005858:Germany; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D006746:Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009511:New England; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D011859:Radiography / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D013679:Technology, Radiologic / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014768:Virginia