title: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, a short-lived protein of endoplasmic reticulum with multiple control mechanisms.
abstract: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. SCD is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. The intracellular concentration of SCD fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. A combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid protein degradation produces transient elevations of SCD enzyme activity in response to physiologic demands. Dysregulation of SCD has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA.
authors.forename: F Scott
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Juris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ozols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase