title: Pathogenic role of glial cells in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The loss of these neurons is associated with a glial response composed mainly of activated microglial cells and, to a lesser extent, of reactive astrocytes. This glial response may be the source of trophic factors and can protect against reactive oxygen species and glutamate. Alternatively, this glial response can also mediate a variety of deleterious events related to the production of pro-oxidant reactive species, and pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and cytokines. We discuss the potential protective and deleterious effects of glial cells in the SNpc of PD and examine how those factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research, Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teismann
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tieu
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Dong-Kug
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Du Chu
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Vernice
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jackson-Lewis
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Przedborski
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents; C495040:Gdnf protein, mouse; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016627:Oxidopamine; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine