title: Thermal sensation and pain in oral lichen planus and lichenoid reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our previous findings in oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid reactions (LR) raised the question whether the histopathological changes observed in sensory and autonomic innervation produce oral sensory disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneous pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Thermal pain thresholds were measured with a contact thermostimulator and mechanical pain thresholds with an electronic algometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with OLP reported a higher intensity of spontaneous pain than LR patients (P = 0.001). Even erosive LRs were relatively painless. No thermal or mechanical hyperalgesia was detected in oral lesions. Highest separate cold pain threshold was measured in lesions affected by intense Candida growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together with previous histological findings, the present data suggest that increased somatic innervation and sympathetic denervation do not promote clinical pain sensitivity or hyperalgesia in oral mucosa and that these sensory functions are not affected by OLP and LR. Candida growth may function as secondary irritant modulating the pain responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki and Laboratory Diagnostics/Oral Pathology Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. sirkku.niissalo@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Sirkku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niissalo
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hampf
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hietanen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solovieva
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pertovaara
authors.forename: Yrjö T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D011312:Pressure; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013697:Thermosensing