title: Effects of the intermittent Pringle manoeuvre on hepatic gene expression and ultrastructure in a randomized clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intermittent Pringle manoeuvre during hepatectomy results in a better clinical outcome when the accumulated ischaemia time is less than 120 min. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic gene expression related to microcirculatory modulation and ultrastructural changes in patients having the intermittent Pringle manoeuvre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver tumours were randomly assigned to liver transection with intermittent Pringle manoeuvre (Pringle group, n = 20) or without the manoeuvre (control group, n = 20). The clinical data and hepatic expression of endothelin (ET) 1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) combined with liver ultrastructure were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Pringle manoeuvre resulted in less blood loss (8.9 versus 12.4 ml/cm(2); P = 0.034), a shorter transection time (2.7 versus 4.1 min/cm(2); P = 0.015) and a lower serum bilirubin level on postoperative day 2 (26 versus 35 microm/l; P = 0.04). The hepatic messenger RNA content of ET-1 decreased by 38 per cent of the basal level in the Pringle group, whereas it increased by 28 per cent in the control group (P = 0.026). More patients in the control group showed swelling of mitochondria in hepatocytes and disruption of sinusoidal lining cells (12 of 20 patients versus three of 20 in the Pringle group; P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intermittent Pringle manoeuvre results in less disturbance of the hepatic microcirculation and better preservation of liver sinusoids after hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Centre for the Study of Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z-W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T K-W
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I O-L
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008026:Ligation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III