title: Antiplatelet agents in the perioperative period: expert recommendations of the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (SFAR) 2001--summary statement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antiplatelet agents are administered to an increasing number of patients. Preoperative treatment with these agents represents a major problem for the anesthesiologist. The results of a French expert meeting on their perioperative management are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses to questions formulated by the Organizing Committee were drafted by a group of experts and reviewed by a multidisciplinary. Reading Committee. Recommendations were classified (grade) according to the evidence level of the studies supporting them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, antiplatelet agents have a variable effect on hemostasis as far as bleeding risk is concerned. Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase intra- and postoperative bleeding moderately, but not transfusion requirements. Very few data are available on clopidogrel and ticlopidin. Anti-glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa agents may increase bleeding when surgery is required in proximity with their administration. Second, the common practice of withdrawing antiplatelet agents is now challenged because an increased incidence of myocardial infarction has been reported in patients in whom treatment was interrupted. Third, aspirin should not be withdrawn for most vascular procedures and in several additional settings. When a definite increase in intraoperative bleeding is feared, or when surgical hemostasis is difficult, aspirin, clopidogrel or ticlopidine can be replaced by short-acting NSAIDS, given for a ten-day period and interrupted the day before surgery. Platelet transfusion should only be given when overt bleeding is observed. Postoperatively, antiplatelet treatment should be resumed immediately after surgery (first six hours).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthesiologists should be aware of the indications, potential complications and means of substitution of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Avicenne, Bobigny, France. cmsamama@invivo.edu
authors.forename: Charles Marc
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Samama
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forestier
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Denninger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isetta
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Juliard
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lasne
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leys
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mismetti
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D002309:Cardiology; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009462:Neurology; D019990:Perioperative Care; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors