title: Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on respiratory muscle ultrastructure and mitochondrial respiration in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in rabbits whether prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) leads to ultrastructural changes in respiratory muscles and alters diaphragm mitochondrial respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental prospective study in a university laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied respiratory muscles of seven rabbits after 49+/-1 h of controlled mechanical ventilation. Ten nonventilated rabbits were used as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After mechanical ventilation electron-microscopic observations of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles revealed disrupted myofibrils, increased number of lipid vacuoles in the sarcoplasm, and smaller mitochondria with focal membrane disruptions. Volumetric and numerical densities of the mitochondria were significantly lower in the PMV group than the control group. Mitochondrial respiration was quantified in isolated diaphragm muscle-cell mitochondria using two respiratory substrates. There was no difference in oxygen consumption values in the three states of mitochondrial respiration between the two groups except for state 2 (basal state) with pyruvate/malate parameter (53.5+/-20 for the ventilated group vs. 33.8+/-10.2 nmol atom O/mg per minute for the control group). There was no significant difference between groups in ADP/O ratio or respiratory control ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMV leads to respiratory muscle cell degeneration and minor changes in oxidative phosphorylation coupling in diaphragmatic mitochondria. These phenomena may mediate part of damage of respiratory muscles after inactivity related to PMV.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation A, Hôpital Lapeyronie and UPRES EA 701, 371 avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matecki
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Py
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Capdevila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019069:Cell Respiration; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015300:Ventilator Weaning