title: Folate and vitamin B-12 and risk of fatal cardiovascular disease: cohort study from Busselton, Western Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that the incidence of fatal coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in a general population is related to serum and red cell folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study with follow up of 29 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Busselton, Western Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  1419 men and 1531 women aged 20 to 90 years, who were alive more than three years after their participation in the 1969 Busselton health survey. 2314 (78.4%) had no cardiovascular disease at the initial survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hazard ratios for fatal coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in men and women according to baseline concentrations of serum and red cell folate and serum vitamin B-12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  213 men and 159 women died from coronary heart disease, and 342 men and 302 women died from cardiovascular disease. Serum and red cell folate concentrations showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.26, P<0.001) but otherwise serum and red cell folate and serum B-12 concentrations were not strongly correlated with each other or with other standard risk factors. After age and standard risk factors were adjusted for, there was no independent association between folate and B-12 concentrations and death from coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease in the full cohort or the subcohort with no cardiovascular disease at baseline. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratio for death from cardiovascular disease in the lowest versus the highest category of red cell folate concentration was 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.43) in men and 1.10 (0.81 to 1.51) in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings do not support the hypothesis that lower folate and B-12 concentrations increase the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in a general population. The routine use of these vitamins for preventing cardiovascular disease should await evidence from clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia. jhung@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Beilby
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Knuiman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divitini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12