title: Fingerprinting of prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes using oligodeoxyribonucleotide microarrays and virtual hybridization.
abstract: An oligonucleotide microarray hybridization system to differentiate microbial species was designed and tested. Seven microbial species were studied, including one Bacillus and six Pseudomonas strains. DNA sequences near the 5' end of 16S rRNA genes were aligned and two contiguous regions of high variability, flanked by highly conserved sequences, were found. The conserved sequences were used to design PCR primers which efficiently amplified these polymorphic regions from all seven species. The amplicon sequences were used to design 88 9mer hybridization probes which were arrayed onto glass slides. Single-stranded, fluorescence-tagged PCR products were hybridized to the microarrays at 15 degrees C. The experimental results were compared with the DeltaG(0) values for all matched and mismatched duplexes possible between the synthetic probes and the 16S target sequences of the seven test species, calculated using a 'virtual hybridization' software program. Although the observed hybridization patterns differed significantly from patterns predicted solely on the basis of perfect sequence matches, a unique hybridization fingerprint was obtained for each of the species, including closely related Pseudomonas species, and there was a reasonable correlation between the intensity of observed hybridization signals and the calculated DeltaG(0) values. The results suggest that both perfect and mismatched pairings can contribute to microbial identification by hybridization fingerprinting.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 4500-S, MS 6123, Bethel Valley Road, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reyes-López
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Méndez-Tenorio
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Mitchel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Doktycz
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Beattie
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S