title: Untreatable pain resulting from abdominal cancer: new hope from biophysics?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visceral pain characterizing pancreatic cancer is the most difficult symptom of the disease to control and can significantly impair the quality of life which remains and increase the demand for euthanasia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a possible new method based on biophysical principles (scrambler therapy) to be used in the effective treatment of drug-resistant oncological pain of the visceral/neuropathic type.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven terminal cancer patients (3 pancreas, 4 colon, 4 gastric) suffering from elevated drug resistant visceral pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial program was related to the first ten treatment sessions. Subsequently, each patient continued to receive treatment until death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain measures were performed using the visual analogue scale before and after each treatment session and accompanied by diary recordings of the duration of analgesia in the hours following each single application. Any variation in pain-killing drug consumption was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients reacted positively to the treatment throughout the whole reference period. Pain intensity showed a significant decrease (P<0.001), accompanied by a gradual rise both in the pain threshold and the duration of analgesia. Nine (81.8%) of the patients suspended pain-killers within the first 5 applications, while the remaining two (18.2%) considerably reduced the dosage taken prior to scrambler therapy. No undesirable side effects were observed. Compliance was found to be optimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results obtained using scrambler therapy are extremely encouraging, both in terms of enhanced pain control after each treatment session and in view of the possible maintenance of effectiveness over time.
authors.affiliation: Delta Research and Development, Research Center for Medical Bioengineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. g.marineo@mclink.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marineo
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D001703:Biophysics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods