Sphingosine in apoptosis signaling.
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate contribute to controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Ceramide and its catabolite sphingosine act as negative regulators of cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Conversely, sphingosine 1-phosphate, formed by phosphorylation of sphingosine by a sphingosine kinase, has been involved in stimulating cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. As the phosphorylation of sphingosine diminishes apoptosis, while dephosphorylation of sphingosine 1-phosphate potentiates it, the role of sphingosine as a messenger of apoptosis is of importance. Herein, the effects of sphingosine on diverse signaling pathways implicated in the apoptotic process are reviewed.
Cuvillier
Olivier
O
Inserm U466, Institut Louis Bugnard, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. olivier.culliver@toulouse.inserm.fr
D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D055572:Ceramidases; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013109:Sphingomyelins / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
D000581:Amidohydrolases; D020169:Caspases; D055572:Ceramidases; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D013109:Sphingomyelins; D013110:Sphingosine; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; C069329:RPS6KA1 protein, human; C498527:SGPP1 protein, human; C401298:sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase