title: Whole body 18FDG-PET and the response of esophageal cancer to induction therapy: results of a prospective trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging before and after induction therapy was prospectively evaluated in patients with esophageal cancer to determine whether changes in PET images could measure response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1997 and April 1999, 39 patients (34 men and five women; median age, 59 years; range, 36 to 76 years) with esophageal cancer were prospectively enrolled in a single-institution clinical trial of staging, including PET, induction therapy, restaging including PET, and esophagectomy. All patients undergoing esophagectomy after induction therapy (n = 17) were followed either to recurrence, to death, or through a disease-free interval of at least 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PET after standard staging studies and before therapy imaged undetected sites of metastatic disease in six patients (15%). Restaging (including PET) after induction therapy did not identify any patients with disease progression or any patients with loco-regionally unresectable disease at exploration. The median decrease in the standardized uptake value (SUV) during induction therapy was 59%. After R0 esophagectomy, the 2-year disease-free and overall survival was 38% and 63%, respectively, among patients who had a less than 60% decrease in SUV, and 67% and 89%, respectively, among patients who had a greater than 60% decrease in SUV (P =.055 and P =.088, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with conventional imaging, PET detects additional sites of metastatic disease at initial evaluation. After induction therapy, PET did not add to the estimation of loco-regional resectability and did not detect new distant metastases. However, changes in [18F]FDG PET may predict disease-free and overall survival after induction therapy and resection in patients with esophageal cancer. Further evaluation in larger trials is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Service and Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. downeyr@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akhurst
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ilson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: Manjit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koong
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gollub
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Minsky
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakowski
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rusch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18