title: Interventions for the physical aspects of sexual dysfunction in women following pelvic radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following pelvic radiotherapy (RT), a proportion of women experience problems related to sexual function, which are multifactorial in origin. The physical components relate to distortion of the perineum and vagina, which may occur as a result of surgery and/or radiotherapy and compromise sexual activity resulting in considerable distress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence for treatment options addressing the physical components of sexual dysfunction arising from pelvic radiotherapy as prevention or treatment of acute or late complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concepts used included synonyms for radiation therapy and brachytherapy and synonyms for the spectrum of physical aspects of sexual dysfunction in women. randomized. We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), issue 1, 2002, MEDLINE 1966 to 2002, EMBASE 1980 to 2002, CANCERCD 1980 to 2002, Science Citation Index 1991 to 2002, CINAHL 1982 to 2002, as well as sources of grey literature. We also hand searched relevant textbooks and contacted experts in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  Any study describing the therapeutic trial of a treatment to relieve the physical aspects of female sexual dysfunction which had developed following pelvic radiotherapy was considered. The quality of each study was then assessed by two reviewers independently to determine its suitability for inclusion in statistical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two references met the inclusion criteria for the search but of these only four were suitable to be included for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest evidence for benefit is the grade IC data in the topical oestrogens and benzydamine sections which describes the treatment of acute radiation vaginal changes. The use of vaginal dilators to prevent the development of vaginal stenosis is supported by grade IIC evidence. The value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and surgical reconstruction is supported by the much weaker grade IIIC evidence in the form of case series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reflect the quality of published data regarding interventions for this aspect of the management of radiation induced complications. Although there is grade IC evidence, these studies are not recent, the allocation concealment is unclear in the text, and overall there is a variable level of assessment of the response, emphasising the need for more studies to be conducted with improved designs to clarify the investigative process and support the final result.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Treatment, Mount Vernon Hospital, Rickmansworth Rd, Northwood, Middlesex, UK, HA6 2RN. arshidenton@blueyonder.co.uk
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*