title: Effects of epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation in pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative intestinal hypoperfusion is a major contributing factor leading to organ dysfunction. It can be caused by stress as a result of surgical manipulation or hypoxia. Additionally, anaesthesia can affect intestinal oxygenation. This animal study was designed to assess the effects of reduced regional sympathetic nervous activity induced by thoracic epidural anaesthesia on intestinal oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After ethical approval, 16 anaesthetized and acutely instrumented pigs were randomly assigned to two groups (epidural anaesthesia alone vs epidural anaesthesia plus volume loading). The epidural anaesthesia aimed for a T5-T12 block. Measurements were at baseline and after 1 and 2 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidural anaesthesia was associated with a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and pronounced mesenteric vasodilatation. Mesenteric blood flow did not change. Intestinal oxygen uptake, mucosal tissue oxygen partial pressure and tissue carbon dioxide partial pressure remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite marked systemic hypotension, epidural anaesthesia did not affect intestinal oxygenation. There was no benefit obtained from volume loading.
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesiologische Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vagts
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iber
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haberstroh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reising
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puccini
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: G F E
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Nöldge-Schomburg
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine