title: Bilateral tubal pregnancies after tubal sterilization in a human immunodeficiency virus seropositive woman.
abstract: Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancies are rare occurrences. Bilateral tubal ectopic pregnancy in a patient who had undergone tubal sterilization is also very rare. The authors report a case of a 32-year-old, gravida 2, parity 1, human immunodeficiency virus seropositive who had previously undergone tubal sterilization. She presented with abdominal distention and vaginal bleeding after 12 weeks of amenorrhea. Pre-operative diagnosis was ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Emergency exploratory laparotomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed. The pathology report confirmed bilateral tubal pregnancies. She was well at the fifth day of discharge and four-week follow-up. Ectopic pregnancy should always be suspected in reproductive-age patients presenting with amenorrhea even if they have undergone tubal sterilization. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no report of bilateral tubal pregnancy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus seropositive after tubal sterilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vorapong
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Phupong
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneepanichskul
authors.forename: Tassawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rungruxsirivorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome