title: Proliferation of antigen MIB-1 in metastatic carcinoid tumours removed at liver transplantation: relevance to prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic carcinoid tumours are difficult to manage. In spite of a multidisciplinary approach, including orthotopic liver transplantation, the recurrence rate is high with a poor prognosis. Histopathology generally fails to provide prognostic information, hence it is essential to try to identify markers of prognosis in these tumours before considering orthotopic liver transplantation. The MIB-1 antibody, which detects cell proliferative activity, has been shown to be a useful prognostic marker for a variety of neoplasms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of MIB-1 immunostaining as a prognostic marker of the duration to recurrence and the survival of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for metastatic carcinoid/neuroendocrine tumours of the liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients were included in the study. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the tumours were stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin and chromogranin. The cell proliferative activity was assessed by MIB-1 antibody labelling using the immunoperoxidase method. Results were correlated with the time of tumour recurrence and the length of patients' survival after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No correlation was found between MIB-1 labelling index and age, gender, clinical and histological type of tumour (i.e. carcinoid, APUDOMA, secreting or non-secreting). The patients with higher MIB-1 indices ( 5%) showed a trend toward earlier recurrence and poorer survival than those with low MIB-1 indices ( 5%). The predictive value of a MIB-1 index of 2 indicating patient survival of 24 months was 83% (five out of six patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The correlation between MIB-1 index and patients' survival suggests that a high proliferative rate, as assessed by MIB-1 immunostaining, may detect those tumours with more aggressive biological behaviour. Prospective studies on a larger number of patients will be needed to determine if, in any individual tumour, this method will provide an additional parameter for a rational approach to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies and Carcinoid Clinic, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
authors.forename: Anjali D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Amarapurkar
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ramage
authors.forename: Arie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stangou
authors.forename: Derek G D
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Wight
authors.forename: Bernard C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Portmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D001079:Apudoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen