title: Efficacy of a twice-daily antiretroviral regimen containing 100 mg ritonavir/400 mg indinavir in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose boosted indinavir (IDV)/ritonavir (RTV) regimen [100 mg RTV/400 mg IDV twice daily (bid)] in patients previously receiving a standard IDV regimen [800 mg three times a day (tid)].
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, open-label, cross-over trial, patients with plasma HIV RNA < 200 copies/ml receiving an IDV-containing regimen (800 mg tid) were switched to an RTV/IDV (100/400 mg bid)-containing regimen. Minimal and maximal IDV plasma concentrations ( Cmin and Cmax ) were determined before the switch (day 0), at week 2 and week 4 after the switch. The CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA were determined at day 0, week 2 and week 4, then every 8 weeks. The primary end-point was the percentage of patients with plasma HIV RNA below 200 copies ml at week 48.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients were enrolled. At baseline, on IDV 800 mg tid, median IDV Cmin was 194 ng/ml and median IDV Cmax was 8449 ng/ml. On RTV/IDV (100/400 mg), median IDV Cmin increased to 536 ng/ml at week 2 and 475 ng/ml at week 4, while Cmax decreased to 2983 ng/ml at week 2 and 2997 ng/ml at week 4 ( P < 0.001). The median area under the IDV plasma concentration-time curve measured in seven patients was 25 126 ng.h/ml, and the IDV half-life (t1/2 ) was 4.4 h. All patients had plasma HIV RNA remaining < 200 copies/ml at week 48. Tolerability of RTV/IDV was excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTV/IDV (100/400 mg bid) yields significantly higher IDV plasma Cmin and lower IDV Cmax values relative to the standard IDV regimen, thereby improving both tolerability and efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Inserm EO214, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosn
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamotte
authors.forename: Hocine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ait-Mohand
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirden
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agher
authors.forename: Luminita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bricaire
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duvivier
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peytavin
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katlama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019469:Indinavir; D019438:Ritonavir