title: Bumble bees alert to food with pheromone from tergal gland.
abstract: Foragers of Bombus terrestris are able to alert their nestmates to the presence of food sources. It has been supposed that this happens at least partially through the distribution of a pheromone inside the nest. We substantiate this claim using a behavioral test in which an alerting signal is transmitted from one colony to another by long distance air transport, so excluding all other modalities of information exchange. We then investigated the source of the pheromone and were able to show that a hexane extract from tergites V-VII of bumble bee workers elicits higher activity, like a successful forager does. Extracts from other glands, such as the mandibular, labial, hypopharyngeal, and Dufour's gland as well as extracts from other parts of the cuticle had no effect. This suggests that bumble bees possess a pheromone-producing gland, similar to the Nasanov gland in honey bees. Indeed, an extract from the honey bee Nasanov gland also proved to alert bumble bee workers, suggesting a possible homology of the glands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Germany. a.dornhaus@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dornhaus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chittka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005502:Food; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000378:metabolism; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification; D008334:Mandible / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D010675:Pheromones; D014020:Tissue Extracts