title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, PD98059, inhibits rat retinal pigment epithelial cell replication by cell cycle arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, on the replication of rat cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth-phase rat RPE cells were exposed to various concentrations of PD98059 in serum-free F12 medium containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counts using a hemocytometer. Cell viability was tested by CellTiter 96 AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay at 24 hours after PD98059 application. Hoechst 33552 and propidium iodide staining were used to assess nuclear morphology. Immunostaining with Ki67 antibody was used for cell cycle analysis because the staining patterns produced on cells are characteristic depending on their position within the cell cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD98059 inhibited cellular proliferation of cultured rat RPE cells in a dose-dependent manner but did not induce cell death. Twenty-four hours after the application of PD98059, cultured RPE cells were not immunopositive for Ki67, indicating that their cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that MAPK inhibition arrested cell cycle progression of rat cultured RPE cells at the G0/G1 phase. The pharmacological induction of cell cycle arrest could be a new approach to inhibit cellular proliferation in such conditions as proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011419:Propidium; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011419:Propidium; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one