title: Using chemomechanically assisted diamond bur cutting for improved efficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surface active agents added to handpiece coolants enhance bur cutting rates, or CRs, through chemomechanical effects, or CMEs. The authors evaluate the effect of CMEs on long-term cutting by diamond burs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors tested medium-grit diamonds in a high-speed handpiece under a 147.5-gram load at 350,000 revolutions per minute, with 22 milliliters per minute coolant flow consisting of distilled water or a 1:10 mouthwash/water mixture. Repeated 6-millimeter-long edge cuts were made through machinable glass ceramic bars until the CR (determined as the time to transect the bars) had decreased by more than 75 percent. The authors used six burs for each coolant and analyzed the data via one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Scheffé tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRs with water irrigation continuously decreased with the number of cuts and declined by 87 percent over eight cuts. The authors found faster CRs with CMEs; after 12 cuts, the CR was still close to 40 percent of the initial CR, compared with only 13 percent of the initial CR for water irrigation after eight cuts. These differences between CME-enhanced CRs and those found with water irrigation were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diluted alcohol- and glycerol-based mouthwash/water mixtures significantly enhanced the CRs of diamond burs and prolonged their service life by more than 50 percent compared with water irrigation alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists can increase bur CRs and extend bur cutting life by as much as 200 percent through the addition of diluted alcohol and glycerol mouthwash to the handpiece coolant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA. AVF001@dental.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: J Anthony
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: von Fraunhofer
authors.forename: Sharon Crane
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D002516:Ceramics; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003755:Dental High-Speed Technique; D003762:Dental Instruments; D018130:Diamond; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012459:Salicylates; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012459:Salicylates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; C057473:Listerine; D018130:Diamond; C023506:Glass ceramics; D005990:Glycerol