title: Weight control and the management of obesity after menopause: the role of physical activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postmenopausal women have an increased tendency for gaining weight. The declines of endogenous estrogen, together with physical inactivity, are probably the major causes of this phenomenon. Postmenopausal overweight and obesity leads to increased rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and all cause mortality. Additional consequences may include hormone-dependent cancer, gallstones, nephrolithiasis, and osteoarthritis. Weight loss can reverse many of these complications, reduce the number and dosages of medications used, and improve longevity. This difficult task requires lifestyle modification.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the current information about the effects of physical activity on postmenopausal weight gain and its consequences and to provide basic strategies to treat obesity during the menopause transition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search together with a manual search of selected articles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several options for weight loss are available, yet lifestyle modification is essential in managing postmenopausal obesity and overweight. While this demands dietary and behavioral changes, a major element of this modification is regular physical activity, which reduces obesity-related morbidity and mortality. The amendment to a healthier lifestyle is achievable at the postmenopausal years. All medical personnel should advocate against overweight and obesity and provide tools for their management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubnov
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzezinski
authors.forename: Elliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017698:Postmenopause; D015431:Weight Loss