title: Parametrial tumor spreading patterns in cervix cancer patients treated by radical hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tumor-spreading patterns in the parametrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective clinical trial between January 1998 and December 2000 to define a new method for parametrium evaluation. The parametrium was divided into three areas, paracorpus, paracervix, and paravagina. A total of 284 consecutive patients with FIGO stage IB to IIA cervical cancer who had undergone radical hysterectomy were considered for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 262 patients who were found eligible for evaluation, 135 had histopathologic analysis performed according to the new method and 127 with the traditional method. The detection of rate of parametrial invasion was 36 (26.7%) with the new and 13 (10.2%) with the traditional method (P=0.0014). The frequency of pelvic lymph node metastasis was 66.7% in patients who had tested positive for invasion of the paracorpus, 57.7% in those who had tested positive for invasion of the paracervix, and 71.4% in those who had tested positive for invasion of the paravagina. The frequency of pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients who had tested negative for invasion of the paracorpus, paracervix, or paravagina was 4.0%. Tumor cells tend to spread laterally and inferiorly in the parametrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using our classification of three parametrium areas for histologic examination can increase the detection rates of parametrial tumor invasion and help prevent failure of local treatment by allowing to implement appropriate adjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M-S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: N-F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Juang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery