title: PMMA particles and pressure--a study of the osteolytic properties of two agents proposed to cause prosthetic loosening.
abstract: Amongst the wear debris particles implicated in the particle hypothesis for prosthetic loosening are polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and particularly PMMA with barium sulphate contrast agent. Another suggested cause for loosening is hydrostatic pressure. PMMA particles were combined with hydrostatic pressure in a study to investigate whether there could be a synergistic or additive effect between these two factors. Titanium plates were fastened onto tibiae of 59 rats. After osseointegration, PMMA particles with barium sulphate were administered to the bone-implant interface. Further, PMMA particles were introduced into a previously published model for hydrostatic pressure induced osteolysis. There was measurable resorption in response to the PMMA particles but no additive or synergistic effect from introducing particles to the pressure model, and the effect of pressure was far greater than that of particles. These results suggest that, whereas particles can be shown to elicit an osteolytic response, the much less studied osteolytic effects of pressure could be far more important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion/Division of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, INR, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skoglund
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aspenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001860:Bone Plates; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010316:Particle Size; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate