title: Autoregulation of glucocorticoid receptor by cortisol in rainbow trout hepatocytes.
abstract: We used primary cultures of trout hepatocytes and a physiological dose of cortisol (100 ng/ml), mimicking stressed levels in salmonid fish, to address the impact of glucocorticoid stimulation on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA abundance and protein content. Cortisol significantly elevated GR mRNA content over a 24-h period; this increase was abolished by actinomycin D, suggesting transcriptional control of GR. However, cortisol significantly decreased GR protein content, leading us to hypothesize that lower GR protein content may be regulating GR mRNA abundance. Indeed, treatment of hepatocytes with MG-132, a proteasomal inhibitor shown to prevent GR degradation by cortisol, abolished cortisol-mediated GR mRNA upregulation. Also, geldanamycin, a heat shock protein 90-specific inhibitor, abolished the GR mRNA increase evident with cortisol but did not modify cortisol-induced increases in abundance of mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a glucocorticoid-responsive gene, or hepatocyte glucose release. Together, our results suggest a negative feedback loop for GR gene regulation by cortisol in trout hepatocytes. The autoregulation of GR may be a crucial step in the physiological stress response process, especially in modulating energy-dependent processes that are glucocorticoid dependent, including gluconeogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sathiyaa
authors.forename: Mathilakath M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vijayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D011809:Quinones; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C069767:phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D006854:Hydrocortisone; C001277:geldanamycin