title: Use of anti-inflammatory and non-narcotic analgesic drugs and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether exposures to anti-inflammatory and non-narcotic analgesic drugs are associated with risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted among women living in upstate New York. The study involved 376 cases of NHL identified through the New York State Cancer Registry and 463 controls randomly selected from the Medicare beneficiary files and New York State driver's license records. Information regarding use of common medications in the past 20 years and potential confounding variables was obtained by telephone interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using an unconditional logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were non-significant increases in risk associated with ever use of cortisone injections and oral cortisone (OR = 1.44 (CI 0.98-2.11) for injections and 1.21 (CI 0.73-2.00) for oral cortisone, although there was no clear dose-response relationship with either type. On the other hand, the risk of NHL progressively increased with the frequency of use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and non-narcotic analgesic drugs (NSAID/NNAD) (p-value for trend 0.008). Women who used any of these medications daily for more than 10 years had an OR of 1.90 (CI 1.01-3.57), compared with those who used it less than once a month on average. The risk associated with long-term use was most pronounced for ibuprofen, intermediate for aspirin, and least for acetaminophen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the population-attributable risk associated with NSAID/NNAD use is potentially large, our results need to be verified in further epidemiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University of School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. katoi@karmanos.org
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baptiste
authors.forename: Patricia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lillquist
authors.forename: Glauco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frizzera
authors.forename: Jerome S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents