title: Clinical presentations in combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: This article investigated subtypes of symptom patterns among male combat veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through a cluster analysis of their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Graham, Ben-Porath, Tellegen, Dahlstrom, & Kaemmer, 2001) clinical and validity scales. Participants were 126 veterans seeking outpatient treatment for combat-related PTSD at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Two well-fitting MMPI-2 cluster solutions (a four-cluster solution and a three-cluster solution) were evaluated with several statistical methods. A four-cluster solution was determined to best fit the data. Follow-up analyses demonstrated between-cluster differences on MMPI-2 "fake bad" scales and content scales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Bernstein & Putnam, 1986), Mississippi Combat PTSD scale (M-PTSD; Keane, Caddall, & Taylor, 1988), and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-1; Blake et al., 1990). Clusters also were different in disability-seeking status, employment status, and income. Implications for research and clinical practice using the MMPI-2 with combat veterans presenting with PTSD are briefly addressed.
authors.affiliation: Disaster Mental Heealth Institute, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, 57069-2390, USA. jonelhai@homail.com
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Elhai
authors.forename: B Christopher
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Frueh
authors.forename: Joanne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hamner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*