Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children: do we really know how?
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a frequent, albeit underdiagnosed problem in children. If left untreated, OSAS may lead to substantial morbidities affecting multiple target organs and systems. The immediate consequences of OSAS in children include behavioral disturbance and learning deficits, pulmonary hypertension, as well as compromised somatic growth. However, if not treated promptly and early in the course of the disease, OSAS may also impose long-term adverse effects on neurocognitive and cardiovascular function, thereby providing a strong rationale for effective treatment of this condition. This review provides a detailed description of the current treatment modalities for pediatric OSAS, and uncovers the potential limitations of the available data on these issues. Furthermore, we postulate that OSAS will persist relatively often after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, and that critical studies need to be conducted to identify such patients and refine the clinical management algorithm for pediatric OSAS.
Lipton
Andrew J
AJ
Kosair Children's Hospital Sleep Medicine and Apnea Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA.
Gozal
David
D
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013256:Steroids
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013256:Steroids