title: [Psychological evaluation of patients with a nodular goiter before and after surgical treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Association between endocrine and mental disorders has been recognized a long time ago, as well as their mutual dependence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological structure of patients with thyroid nodule before and after surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to establish the type and degree of psychological disorders, we have examined 60 patients with thyroid nodule before and after surgical treatment by using DSM-IV classification of mental disorders and psychological instruments: semistructured psychiatric interview, MMPI, Zung Depression Scale and a list of panic symptoms. Patients with nonautonomous ("cold") nodules presented as euthyroid, and those with autonomous ("hot") nodules (after a period of drug therapy if they were hyperthyroid), required surgery. After a period of drug therapy two groups of patients were compared: group 1--euthyroid with "cold" nodules and group 2--euthyroid with "hot" nodules. Before surgical treatment both groups underwent psychological evaluation. Group 2 presented with: anxiety, depression and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (72%, 46%, 28%) while group 1 presented with following results: 48%, 23%, 14% respectively. After surgical treatment patients from group 1 presented with psychologic disorders in less than 1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In some physical disorders, psychologic factors contribute directly or indirectly to the etiology, in others, psychologic symptoms are the direct results of a lesion affecting neural or endocrine organs. One of the key etiological factors is often a short-time or long-time stress and its direct consequence is altered functioning of various hormonal systems. Unexpected high percentage of psychological disorders in patients with thyroid disorders suggests that psychological evaluation before and after surgical treatment is unavoidable for good assessment and choice of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinika za internu medicinu, Beograd, KBC Dr Dragisa Misović-Dedinje. capar@EUnet.yu
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Caparević
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diligenski
authors.forename: Dragos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stojanović
authors.forename: Gradimir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bojković
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged