Lysyl oxidase: properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell.
Lysyl oxidase (LO) plays a critical role in the formation and repair of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by oxidizing lysine residues in elastin and collagen, thereby initiating the formation of covalent crosslinkages which stabilize these fibrous proteins. Its catalytic activity depends upon both its copper cofactor and a unique carbonyl cofactor and has been shown to extend to a variety of basic globular proteins, including histone H1. Although the three-dimensional structure of LO has yet to be determined, the present treatise offers hypotheses based upon its primary sequence, which may underlie the prominent electrostatic component of its unusual substrate specificity as well as the catalysis-suppressing function of the propeptide domain of prolysyl oxidase. Recent studies have demonstrated that LO appears to function within the cell in a manner, which strongly modifies cellular activity. Newly discovered LO-like proteins also likely play unique roles in biology.
Kagan
Herbert M
HM
Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. kagan@biochem.bumc.bu.edu
Li
Wande
W
D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C445313:LOXL1 protein, human; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase