title: Effects of maternal and paternal alcohol consumption on the success rates of in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the amount and timing of female and male alcohol use during IVF and GIFT affect reproductive endpoints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinics in southern California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-one couples with female infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Egg retrieval, transfer, fertilization, pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, and multiple gestations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female alcohol consumption was associated with: (1) a 13% decrease in the number of eggs aspirated (adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2% to -23%, for one additional drink per day, 1 year before the IVF or GIFT attempt); (2) an increase in risk of not achieving pregnancy by 2.86 times (0.99-8.24, 1 month prior); and (3) an increase in risk of miscarriage by 2.21 times (1.09-4.49, 1 week before the procedure). For men, one additional drink per day increased the risk of not achieving a live birth by 2.28 (1.08-4.80) to 8.32 (1.82-37.97) times, depending on the time period; beer also affected live births (ORs = 5.49-45.64). This outcome may be due partially to increased risk of miscarriage by 2.70 to 38.04 times for men who drank <or=1 month before and during IVF and GIFT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to report an association between alcohol use and reproductive endpoints of IVF and GIFT. Because alcohol use is ubiquitous, modifying drinking habits may increase assisted reproductive technology success rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA. hklonoffcohen@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klonoff-Cohen
authors.forename: Phung
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lam-Kruglick
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018401:Sample Size; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome