title: Frequency characterization of blood glucose dynamics.
abstract: Examples of the frequency range of blood glucose dynamics of normal subjects and subjects with diabetes are reported here, based on data from the literature. The frequency band edge was determined from suitable, frequently sampled blood glucose recordings using two methods: frequency domain estimation and signal reconstruction. The respective maximum acceptable sampling intervals, or Nyquist sampling periods (NSP), required to accurately represent blood glucose dynamics were calculated. Preliminary results based on the limited data available in the literature indicate that although blood glucose NSP values are higher in most diabetic subjects, values in some diabetic subjects are indistinguishable from those of normal subjects. High fidelity monitoring sufficient to follow the intrinsic blood glucose dynamics of all diabetic subjects requires a NSP of approximately 10 min, corresponding to a continuous frequency band edge of approximately 1 x 10(-3) Hz. This analysis provides key information for the design of clinical studies that include blood glucose dynamics and for the design of new glucose monitoring systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. dgough@bioeng.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreutz-Delgado
authors.forename: Troy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bremer
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose