title: [Surgical procedures improvements thanks to navigators and robots].
abstract: Navigator is a three-dimensional C-T scan image localization device, which supplies the surgeon with a real time relationship of surgical instruments with pathological lesion and vital organs. Robot controls surgical devices movements according to a various sophisticated programming, in order to palliate the imperfection of their manual use. Navigators and robots, frequently connected, allow a precise control of the instruments course, improving accuracy and efficiency of most surgical procedures. It is necessary to contribute to their improvement and development, taking in count the economic, ethic and legal problems which may be encountered.
authors.forename: Claude-Henri
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chouard
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D012371:Robotics; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods*