title: Extending STR markers in Y chromosome haplotypes.
abstract: Two multiplex reactions were developed to amplify 16 Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389 I and II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA A7.1, GATA A7.2, GATA A10, GATA C4, GATA H4). Here we extend previous population studies done in a sample from northern Portugal for the GATA A7.1, GATA A7.2, GATA C4 and GATA H4 loci. A total of 199 different haplotypes identified by the 16 Y-STR markers were observed in a sample of 208 male individuals, of which 190 were unique and 9 were found twice. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9996. The haplotype diversity of the Y-STR set composed of the 8 new markers is higher than the Y-STR core set included in the Y-STR haplotype reference database. Sequence structure of new alleles for GATA C4 and GATA H4 is reported. The usefulness of the inclusion of this new set of Y-STRs in forensic casework was also assessed. The increase in haplotype diversity with the addition of any new Y-STR marker to the 8 Y-STR core set is dependent not only on the gene diversity (positively) but also (negatively) on the degree of gametic association between the markers and the haplotypes previously defined. For instance, in our sample the addition of the DYS437, DYS438 and GATA A7.2 to a 13-locus set increased haplotype diversity only by 0.0001.
authors.affiliation: IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200 Porto, Portugal. sbeleza@ipatimup.pt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beleza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Neira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lareu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carracedo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gusmão
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011174:Portugal