title: Effects of mass flow rate and droplet velocity on surface heat flux during cryogen spray cooling.
abstract: Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to protect the epidermis during dermatologic laser surgery. To date, the relative influence of the fundamental spray parameters on surface cooling remains incompletely understood. This study explores the effects of mass flow rate and average droplet velocity on the surface heat flux during CSC. It is shown that the effect of mass flow rate on the surface heat flux is much more important compared to that of droplet velocity. However, for fully atomized sprays with small flow rates, droplet velocity can make a substantial difference in the surface heat flux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karapetian
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimel
authors.forename: Enrique J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lavernia
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000335:Aerosol Propellants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000392:Air Movements; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D014159:Transducers; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C063006:norflurane; D004980:Ethane; D005466:Fluorocarbons