title: Risk factors for atherosclerosis of cervicocerebral arteries: intracranial versus extracranial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for factors determining the site of atherosclerosis of the cervicocerebral arteries in patients from Bangkok (Thailand) with ischemic stroke in the carotid territory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the clinical syndrome of stroke or transient ischemic attack in the carotid territory or with ocular stroke were retrospectively studied. They were divided into an intracranial and an extracranial carotid stenosis group based on their vascular imaging. The stroke risk factors were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 49 cases with extracranial carotid stenosis and 51 with intracranial stenosis. Among the patients with extracranial stenosis, 98% had associated intracranial disease, whereas none of those with intracranial stenosis had more than 50% of extracranial carotid stenosis. The presence of diabetes mellitus and a history of ischemic heart disease were found to be significantly more prevalent among patients with extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus as well as a history of ischemic heart disease were found to be more significantly prevalent in patients with combined extracranial internal carotid artery and intracranial stenosis. Extracranial carotid stenosis might represent a more severe atherosclerotic process of the cervicocerebral circulation when compared with intracranial stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. fmednsu@md2.md.chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Nijasri C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Suwanwela
authors.forename: Auruma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chutinetr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed