title: Diet patterns and the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to identify food intake patterns that might be associated with the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 461 cases (210 females, 251 males) were age frequency matched to population controls. Diet factors were created using factor analysis of 69 food items from a food-frequency questionnaire. These factors were modelled using logistic regression to identify those associated with renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the role of diet in the aetiology of renal cell carcinoma using a population-based case--control study conducted in Ontario between 1995 and 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were Ontario residents 20 to 74 years of age identified through review of pathology reports in the Ontario Cancer Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 'dessert' diet factor was positively associated with disease for both sexes (odds ratio estimate (OR) for males = 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-6.9; OR for females = 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.2, for the highest vs. lowest quartile). In males, a 'beef' diet factor was identified and was associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, a 'juices' diet factor also showed an association with increased risk in males (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). For females, a positive association was observed between renal cell carcinoma and an 'unhealthy' diet factor (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirmed that high-fat and high-protein diets might be risk factors for renal cell carcinoma. The data also suggest an increased risk associated with juice intake, a finding not previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kiren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kreiger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins