title: [Liposome and complete Freund's adjuvant for the prevention of insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant(IFA), large multilamellar liposome (LML) and small cationic liposome (DOTAP) on insulitis and diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  1. 3-week-old non-obese diabetic(NOD) female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: CFA group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad, n = 16), IFA group (injected intraperitoneally, n = 16) and PBS group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad, n = 16). Three mice from each group (9 in total) were killed at the age of 12 weeks for the analysis of pancreatic pathology, and the others were not killed until they were 30 weeks old for diabetes incidence. 2. 3-week-old NOD female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and injected intraperitoneally with LML (n = 13), DOTAP (n = 13) and PBS (n = 13), respectively. The insulitis score and diabetes incidence were estimated in the same way.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1. CFA injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad could significantly reduce the insulitis score and decrease diabetes incidence in NOD mice. At the age of 30 weeks, the incidence of diabetes in the CFA group was lower than that in the PBS group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad) (9.2% vs 81.8%, P = 0.001). At the age of 12 weeks, the insulitis score in the CFA group was lower than that in the control group [(0.05 +/- 0.02) vs (0.54 +/- 0.11), P < 0.001]. 2. LML injected intraperitoneally could significantly reduce the insulitis score in NOD mice. At the age of 12 weeks, the insulitis score in the LML group was lower than that in the PBS control group (injected intraperitoneally) [(0.16 +/- 0.02) vs (0.58 +/- 0.06), P < 0.001]. At the age of 30 weeks, there were no significant differences in the diabetes incidence between the LML group and the PBS group (60% vs 90%). 3. The protective effect of CFA was better than that of LML in NOD mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFA injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad may prevent NOD mice from developing diabetes and reduce the insulitis severity. Although the protective effect of CFA is better than that of LML, LML can lessen the insulitis severity and may become a new preventive strategy in NOD mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Tie-jian
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhi-guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant