title: Homocysteine as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. It is uncertain whether tHcy is also an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 95 stroke subjects 3 months after their strokes, and 55 healthy comparison subjects, with a detailed neuropsychological assessment, and MRI brain scans in a proportion (n = 97). Baseline measurements of tHcy, serum folate and B(12), creatinine and plasma fibrinogen levels were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  tHcy levels were higher in the stroke subjects by a mean 34%. These levels were significantly correlated with the first factor of a principal component analysis of the neuropsychological data, after controlling for age, folate, B(12) and creatinine levels. The correlation of Hcy levels was particularly significant with frontal-executive functioning and attention. tHcy levels were significantly correlated with number of infarcts and total stroke volume in the stroke group, but not with T(2)-weighted deep white matter hyperintensity scores, after correction for age. In the control group, tHcy levels were significantly correlated with ventricle-to-brain ratios as measures of brain atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that high tHcy levels are associated with cognitive impairment, in particular that of frontal-executive function. The major component of this association is accounted for by small and large strokes, but non-vascular neurotoxic effects of tHcy also appear to play a role. tHcy must receive greater attention as a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. p.sachdev@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Perminder S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brodaty
authors.forename: Xing Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lorentz
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Alessandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zagami
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: David E L
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wilcken
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine