Inhibition of adaptive Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T-cell responses during active mycobacterial coinfection of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac-infected monkeys.
Adaptive immune responses of gammadelta T cells during active mycobacterial coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans have not been studied. Macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac were employed to determine the extent to which a coincident AIDS virus infection might compromise immune responses of mycobacterium-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells during active mycobacterial infection. Control SIVmac-negative macaques developed primary and recall expansions of phosphoantigen-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells after Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection and BCG reinfection, respectively. In contrast, SIVmac-infected macaques did not exhibit sound primary and recall expansions of Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells in the blood and pulmonary alveoli following BCG infection and reinfection. The absence of adaptive Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T-cell responses was associated with profound CD4(+) T-cell deficiency and subsequent development of SIVmac-related tuberculosis-like disease in the coinfected monkeys. Consistently, Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells from coinfected monkeys displayed a reduced capacity to expand in vitro following stimulation with phosphoantigen. The reduced ability of Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to expand could be restored to some extent by coculture of these cells with CD4(+) T cells purified from PBL of SIV-negative monkeys. Furthermore, naïve monkeys inoculated simultaneously with SIVmac and BCG were unable to sustain expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T cells at the time that the coinfected monkeys developed lymphoid depletion and a fatal tuberculosis-like disease. Nevertheless, no deletion in Vdelta2 T-cell receptor repertoire was identified in SIVmac-BCG-coinfected macaques, implicating an SIVmac-induced down-regulation rather than a clonal exhaustion of these cells. Thus, an SIVmac-induced compromise of the adaptive Vgamma2Vdelta2(+) T-cell responses may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of the SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease in macaques.
Zhou
Dejiang
D
Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Lai
Xiaomin
X
Shen
Yun
Y
Sehgal
Prabhat
P
Shen
Ling
L
Simon
Meredith
M
Qiu
Liyou
L
Huang
Dan
D
Du
George Z
GZ
Wang
Qifan
Q
Letvin
Norman L
NL
Chen
Zheng W
ZW
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008251:Macaca; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta