title: Talampanel, a new antiepileptic drug: single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and initial 1-week experience in patients with chronic intractable epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Talampanel (LY300164), a potent and selective alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-receptor antagonist, is a potential new antiepileptic drug (AED). This study examines the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of talampanel in patients with intractable epilepsy and assesses the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven of 14 patients entered into the study completed. Fourteen patients were evaluated for safety, 13 patients were used in the single-dose, and 11 patients in the multiple-dose pharmacokinetic analysis. Each patient initially received a single 35-mg dose of talampanel followed by the measurement of pharmacokinetic profiles. A 21-day t.i.d. dosing regimen was then determined for each patient based on his or her initial pharmacokinetic profile. Adverse events were recorded by patients or their carers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After oral ingestion, talampanel was rapidly absorbed, with maximal plasma concentrations achieved within 1-3 h. Talampanel concentrations in patients taking enzyme-inducing AEDs were 50% lower than those seen in healthy volunteers. Mean talampanel t1/2 values were 3.0 h compared with 4.2 h in healthy volunteers. After multiple-dose and steady-state, talampanel t1/2 values were increased to 5.6 h Talampanel and valproic acid (VPA) appear to inhibit each other's metabolism mutually. Talampanel had no effect on plasma concentrations of other AEDs. Multiple-dose talampanel administration was associated with nonlinear pharmacokinetics. No serious adverse events were reported; the most frequently reported being dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, and headaches
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Talampanel dosing strategies may be reliant on concomitant AED medication, as enzyme-inducing AEDs enhance, whereas VPA inhibits its metabolism. Talampanel was well tolerated, although adverse events occurred at lower doses compared with those in healthy subjects, probably because of the additive effect of concomitant AEDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, London, and The National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK.
authors.forename: Yvonne M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Langan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Haley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toublanc
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Josemir W A S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Patsalos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C085266:talampanel