Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy.
Atrophy of skeletal muscle is a serious consequence of numerous diseases, including cancer and AIDS. Successful treatments for skeletal muscle atrophy could either block protein degradation pathways activated during atrophy or stimulate protein synthesis pathways induced during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. This perspective will focus on the signalling pathways that control skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, including the recently identified ubiquitin ligases muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), as a basis to develop targets for pharmacologic intervention in muscle disease.
Glass
David J
DJ
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-6707, USA. david.glass@regeneron.com
D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008025:Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
D019703:Calcineurin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D008025:Ligases; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C440907:FBXO32 protein, human; C440908:TRIM63 protein, human