title: Effect of NOS2 gene deficiency on the development of autoantibody mediated arthritis and subsequent articular cartilage degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of NOS2 gene deletion on articular cartilage degradation in autoantibody mediated arthritis (AMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Female C57BL/6Ai-[ko] NOS2 N5 (NOS2-/-) mice (7-8 weeks old) and the counterpart C57/Bl6 Crj mice (wild-type, WT) were studied. Arthritis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4 mg of an arthritogenic cocktail of 4 monoclonal antibodies raised against type II collagen twice on Day 0 and Day 1 followed by intraperitoneal injection of 50 micro g of lipopolysaccharide on Day 2. Individual limbs were scored for arthritis in 4 grades; the total maximum score per mouse was 16. Femoral condyles and tibial plateaus of both knee joints were collected on Day 15 for immunohistological studies on nitrotyrosine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9. DNA fragmentation in chondrocytes was detected by the nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Blood was also collected on Day 15 to determine serum levels of nitrite/nitrate and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both NOS2-/- and WT mice with AMA developed clinically apparent arthritis. In WT mice, the arthritis progressed rapidly and reached the peak score 11.4 +/- 2.9 on Day 12, whereas the arthritis in NOS2-/- mice was milder and the peak score was 7.7 +/- 2.8 on Day 13 (p < 0.05). The serum nitrite/nitrate levels, histological grades of articular cartilage degradation, and numbers of apoptotic chondrocytes and nitrotyrosine positive chondrocytes were significantly lower in NOS2-/- mice with AMA than in WT mice with AMA. Conversely, significant differences were not observed in MMP-3 or -9 expression in chondrocytes, or in serum IL-1 beta levels between these 2 groups of mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NOS2 gene deletion did not affect the inflammatory responses, but reduced the cartilage degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Itsuro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCown
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001323:Autoantibodies; D024043:Collagen Type II; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9