title: [Risk for congenital malformations in pregnant women exposed to pesticides in the state od Nayarit, Mexico].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the association between the use of pesticides and congenital malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 279 newborn from mothers living in rural area of Nayarit, a state in the northwest region of México. Cases (n = 93) were defined as newborn with central nervous, face, genital, hip, foot or finger congenital malformations. Controls (n = 186) were newborns without any malformation. We considered as exposure any type of contact with any of the agrochemicals used as pesticides. We evaluated other risk factors such as medical drugs, fever, exposure to radiation, obstetric and family factors, as confoundings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We registered 22 genital malformations, 20 from hip, 19 from the central nervous system, 18 from extremities and 14 cleft-lip or palate. Exposed mothers had high risk of having a malformed child (OR = 3.5, CI95% 2.05-6.34, p < 0.05). Risk was higher if the mother had occupational exposure to pesticides (OR = 6.33, CI95% 2.95-13.7, p < 0.0001) and in mothers living near areas under pesticides treatment (OR = 3.47, CI95% 1.91-6.33, p < 0.0001). Among obstetric factors, abortion and early delivery (OR = 15.05, CI95% 1.82-124.30, p < 0.01) were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows association between exposure to pesticides and congenital malformation. This is a public health problem in Nayarit state and in other rural areas with similar exposure to pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tepic, Nayarit.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Medina-Carrilo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivas-Solis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Argüelles
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides