title: Postoperative hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration and receiving butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine frequency and severity of postanesthetic hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and given butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  0 healthy dogs weighing > 10 kg (22 lb).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were anesthestized with acepromazine, glycopyrrolate, thiopental, and isoflurane, and butorphanol (n = 10) or hydromorphone (10) was used for perioperative analgesia. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed 10 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after extubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In dogs that received hydromorphone, mean PaCO2 was significantly higher, compared with the preoperative value, 10 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, and 3 hours after extubation. Mean PaCO2 was significantly higher in dogs given hydromorphone rather than butorphanol 10 and 30 minutes and 1 and 2 hours after extubation. Mean PaO2 was significantly lower, compared with preoperative values, 30 minutes and 1 and 2 hours after extubation in dogs given hydromorphone and 30 minutes after extubation in dogs given butorphanol. Mean PaO2 was significantly lower in dogs given hydromorphone rather than butorphanol 1 hour after extubation. Four dogs had PaO2 < 80 mm Hg 1 or more times after extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that administration of hydromorphone to healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration may result in transient increases in PaCO2 postoperatively and that administration of hydromorphone or butorphanol may result in transient decreases in PaO2. However, increases in PaCO2 and decreases in PaO2 were mild, and mean PaCO2 and PaO2 remained within reference limits.
authors.affiliation: Section of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Drobatz
authors.forename: Sandra Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Perkowski
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004091:Hydromorphone; D002077:Butorphanol; D010100:Oxygen