title: Single photon emission computed tomography dual isotope myocardial perfusion imaging in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Predictive factors for perfusion abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have reported that 40% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had abnormal myocardial perfusion studies. Here we investigated risk factors for abnormal myocardial perfusion in a cohort of women with SLE without history of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive women with SLE followed at a large lupus clinic underwent single photon emission computed tomography dual isotope myocardial perfusion imaging (DIMPI) following pharmacological stress using dipyridamole. At the time of study each patient had a clinical and laboratory assessment performed by a standard protocol. We compared traditional risk factors as well as disease and therapy related factors in those with and without perfusion abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 129 patients were studied. The mean +/- SD age was 44.8 +/- 10.9 yrs, and mean SLE Disease Activity Index was 4.2 +/- 5.1. Forty-nine (38%) patients had an abnormality of myocardial perfusion. Factors associated with an abnormal DIMPI included current hypertension (OR 2.11, p = 0.05), elevated cholesterol ever (OR 2.51, p < 0.05), and total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (OR 1.96 for each increase of 1.0, p < 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial perfusion abnormalities are common in women with SLE without known coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting a high burden of subclinical CAD. Several metabolic and therapy related factors appear to be associated with the process of atherogenesis in SLE. These results suggest that SLE should be considered a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Dafna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Gladman
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibañez
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Urowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon