title: Obsessive-compulsive behaviors in parents of multiplex autism families.
abstract: Parents of autistic probands with high and low rates of repetitive behaviors were compared for rates of obsessive-compulsive traits and disorder. The rate of repetitive behaviors was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in 176 autistic probands from 57 multiplex families. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in parents was determined by direct interview using a parental history questionnaire, with screening for obsessive-compulsive traits using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale checklist. Children who had high total scores on the repetitive behavior domain of the ADI-R were significantly more likely to have one or both parents with obsessive-compulsive traits or disorder compared with children who had low total scores on this domain. Children with high scores on D1/D2 of the ADI-R (narrow restricted interests and rituals) were significantly more likely to have one or both parents with OCD, especially fathers, than those with low D1/D2. The occurrence of obsessive-compulsive traits or disorder in parents of autistic children in multiplex families is significantly more likely if autistic children have a high occurrence of repetitive behaviors. Dichotomizing autistic probands by severity and type of repetitive behaviors (circumscribed interests and compulsive rituals) may yield more homogenous groups, which could be helpful in genetic linkage studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Research Center, Box 1230, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. eric.hollander@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior