title: Problem-based learning in residency education: a novel implementation using a simulator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed a problem-based learning exercise with a full-scale human patient simulator to teach residents the emergency management and differential diagnosis of acute intraoperative hypotension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed the exercise through the following steps: clear definition of learning objectives, preparation of an appropriate case stem, development of clinically realistic scenarios to illustrate objectives, and an interactive instructor to stimulate discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exercise focused on the differential diagnosis of intraoperative hypotension, and the acute treatment of hypovolemia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and anaphylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercises on a full-scale patient simulator are a natural extension of problem-based learning. Recent research in learning theory provides the rationale for this teaching modality's potential as a learning tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0254, USA.
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Euliano
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mahla
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008348:Manikins; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D016544:Patient Simulation; D018794:Problem-Based Learning