title: Prevention of peritoneal metastasis of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice by S-1, a novel oral derivative of 5-Fluorouracil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent clinical trials have suggested that oral administration of a new anti-cancer agent, S-1, seems a promising therapy for advanced gastric cancer. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of S-1 against peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer in a newly developed animal model and investigated the efficacy of S-1 from a pharmacokinetic angle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gastric cancer cells (MKN-45) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. The cancer cells were transduced using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing plasmid vector, enabling micrometastatic foci to be accurately assessed with a high level of detection sensitivity. To investigate pharmacokinetics, the concentration of 5-FU was determined in tumor, peritoneum and plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen and 21 days after intraperitoneal injection, a significant difference in the number of fluorescent foci was observed between the control group and the S-1 group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0024, respectively. The therapeutic effect of S-1 was significantly greater than that of 5-FU. Furthermore, S-1 treatment greatly improved the survival time and cachexia. The area under the curve of 5-FU in tumor was higher than in the peritoneum and plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral S-1 is a promising chemotherapy for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011725:Pyridines; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D005472:Fluorouracil