title: Antitumour 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles generate DNA adducts in sensitive tumour cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: 2-(4-Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles represent a potent and highly selective class of antitumour agent. In vitro, sensitive carcinoma cells deplete 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles from nutrient media; cytochrome P450 1A1 activity, critical for execution of antitumour activity, and protein expression are powerfully induced. 2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole-derived covalent binding to cytochrome P450 1A1 is reduced by glutathione, suggesting 1A1-dependent production of a reactive electrophilic species. In vitro, 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole-generated DNA adducts form in sensitive tumour cells only. At concentrations >100 nM, adducts were detected in DNA of MCF-7 cells treated with 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203). 5F 203 (1 microM) led to the formation of one major and a number of minor adducts. However, treatment of cells with 10 microM 5F 203 resulted in the emergence of a new dominant adduct. Adducts accumulated steadily within DNA of MCF-7 cells exposed to 1 microM 5F 203 between 2 and 24 h. Concentrations of the lysylamide prodrug of 5F 203 (Phortress) > or = 100 nM generated adducts in the DNA of sensitive MCF-7 and IGROV-1 ovarian cells. At 1 microM, one major Phortress-derived DNA adduct was detected in these two sensitive phenotypes; 10 microM Phortress led to the emergence of an additional major adduct detected in the DNA of MCF-7 cells. Inherently resistant MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells incurred no DNA damage upon exposure to Phortress (< or = 10 microM, 24 h). In vivo, DNA adducts accumulated within sensitive ovarian IGROV-1 and breast MCF-7 xenografts 24 h after treatment of mice with Phortress (20 mg kg(-1)). Moreover, Phortress-derived DNA adduct generation distinguished sensitive MCF-7 tumours from inherently resistant MDA-MB-435 xenografts implanted in opposite flanks of the same mouse.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: C-O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaskell
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Heydon
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bibby
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Double
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: M F G
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C111133:2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018736:DNA Adducts; D013844:Thiazoles