title: Synthesis, antibacterial activity, and toxicity of 7-(isoindolin-5-yl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. Discovery of the novel des-F(6)-quinolone antibacterial agent garenoxacin (T-3811 or BMS-284756).
abstract: The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 5-(tributylstannyl)isoindoline and its 1- and 3-methyl derivatives with 6-fluoro or 6-unsubstituted 7-bromo-1-cyclopropyl-8-methoxy (or difluoromethoxy)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate afforded the corresponding 1-cyclopropyl-7-(5-isoindolinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3- carboxylic acids: 6-fluoro, 1a-7a and 6-nonfluoro, 1b-7b. The in vitro antibacterial spectra of the newly synthesized quinolones were mostly characterized by excellent Gram-positive activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae including quinolone-resistant strains, and also by significant Gram-negative activity comparable to 7-(1-piperazinyl)fluoroquinolones. Comparative examinations of the in vitro antibacterial profiles and the in vivo toxicity in terms of intravenous lethality, micronuclei-inducing potential and convulsive activity provided 6-nonfluorinated 1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-(1-methylisoindolin-5-yl)-4- oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(+/-)-5b] as the candidate for evaluation of the stereoisomers. The enantiomers (R)-5b and (S)-5b were synthesized via the Suzuki coupling reaction of (R)- and (S)-1-methyl derivatives of 2-(triphenylmethyl)isoindolin-5-boronic acid with the corresponding 7-bromo-8-(difluoromethoxy)-4- oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate. The (R)-5b stereoisomer proved to be 2- to 4-fold more active than the (S)-5b stereoisomer against the organisms tested, with the exception of an equal potency observed with S. pneumoniae IID553 and Haemophilus influenzae ATCC49247. A noticeable in vitro antibacterial profile of (R)-5b was that it is 16- and 64-fold more active than levofloxacin (CAS 100986-85-4) and ciprofloxacin (CAS 86393-32-0), respectively, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae IID813 (MIC of 0.0313 microgram/ml), and 4-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis M-4 (MIC of 0.0313 microgram/ml). Additional studies indicate that (R)-5b (T-3811, CAS 194804-75-6) exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against a wide range of organisms including anaerobes and common respiratory pathogens, while demonstrating a high selectivity against the mammalian homolog topoisomerases. The methane-sulfonate of (R)-5b (T-3811ME, CAS 223652-90-2) is now undergoing clinical testings.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan. Kazuya_Hayashi@toyama-chemical.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Yozo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Todo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D015363:Quinolones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007211:Indoles; D009153:Mutagens; D015363:Quinolones; C419689:garenoxacin