title: A randomized, controlled trial comparing long-term and short-term exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of short-term (3 months) and long-term (18 months) involvement in an exercise program on self-reported disability and physical function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 140 patients with COPD were studied in a randomized, single-blinded clinical trial. Self-reported disability and physical function were assessed using a 21-item questionnaire, a 6-minute walk, timed stair climb, and an overhead task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the completion of the trial, participants in the long-term intervention reported 12% less disability than those in the short-term intervention (adjusted mean with 95% confidence interval, 1.53 (1.43-1.63) versus 1.71 (1.61 to 1.81) units, respectively; P=.016), walked 6% farther during 6-minutes (1,815.0 [1,750.4-1,879.6] vs 1,711.5 [1,640.7-1,782.3] feet, respectively), climbed steps 11% faster (11.6 [11.0-12.2] vs 12.9 [12.3-13.5] seconds, respectively), and completed an overhead task 8% faster (46.8 [44.4-49.2] vs 50.4 [47.8-53.0] seconds, respectively) than those in the short-term intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An 18 month exercise program results in greater improvements in self-reported disability and physical function in patients with COPD when compared with a 3-month exercise program. As such, long-term exercise should be recommended for all patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA. berry@wfu.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: W Jack
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rejeski
authors.forename: Norman E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Adair
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zaccaro
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sevick
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome