title: Characterization of the human beta-globin downstream promoter region.
abstract: The human beta-globin gene is abundantly expressed specifically in adult erythroid cells. Stage-specific transcription is regulated principally by promoter proximal cis-regulatory elements. The basal promoter contains a non-canonical TATA-like motif as well as an initiator element. These two elements have been shown to interact with the TFII-D complex. Here we show that in addition to the TATA and initiator elements, conserved E-box motifs are located in the beta-globin downstream promoter. One of the E-box motifs overlaps the initiator and this composite element interacts with USF1 and TFII-I in vitro. Another E-box, located 60 bp 3' to the transcription initiation site, interacts with USF1 and USF2. Mutations of either the initiator or the downstream E-box impair transcription of the beta-globin gene in vitro. Mutations of a putative NF-E2-binding site in the downstream promoter region do not affect transcription in vitro. USF1, USF2, TFII-I and p45 can be crosslinked to a beta-globin promoter fragment in MEL cells in vivo, whereas only TFII-I and USF2 crosslink to the beta-globin gene in K562 cells. The summary data demonstrate that in addition to the well-characterized interactions of the TFII-D complex with the basal promoter, E-box motifs contribute to the efficient formation of transcription complexes on the adult beta-globin gene.
authors.affiliation: Center for Mammalian Genetics, Powell Gene Therapy Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, PO 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Sung-Hae Lee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslanian
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teichmann
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bungert
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; C104259:GTF2I protein, human; C486330:Gtf2i protein, mouse; D050983:NF-E2 Transcription Factor; D050984:NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit; C494692:NFE2 protein, human; C494693:Nfe2 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; C497181:USF1 protein, human; C497184:USF2 protein, human; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; C497183:Usf1 protein, mouse; C497186:Usf2 protein, mouse; D005914:Globins