title: Glanular reconstruction and preputioplasty repair for distal hypospadias: a unique day-case method to avoid urethral stenting and preserve the prepuce.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the early outcome of >200 boys who underwent a glanular reconstruction and preputioplasty (GRAP) repair for distal hypospadias, to assess the functional and anatomical outcome of the penis at least 10 years after surgery, and to compare these data with otherwise "normal" aged-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GRAP repair is a novel method for the day-case reconstruction of distal hypospadias, and uniquely allows the anatomical reconstruction of the prepuce as part of penile reconstruction for hypospadias. We retrospectively reviewed the notes of 205 consecutive cases of distal hypospadias who had a GRAP repair carried out by one surgeon. Of these, there were 63 consecutive patients who had been repaired using the GRAP > or = 10 years earlier. In these patients a questionnaire was used to assess their perception of the appearance of their penis, the urinary stream, any problems with the foreskin and their recollection of surgery. Similar questionnaire data, except for the latter, were obtained from aged-matched controls for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 205 patients, 183 (89%) were day cases; the remaining 22 remained in hospital overnight for medical or social reasons. Sixteen (7%) developed a urethral fistula, the incidence of which correlated positively with the length of the repair. Four children (2%) were circumcised, in two for phimosis resulting in a spraying stream, in a third for dribbling after voiding, and the fourth for a cosmetically unsatisfactory foreskin. Questionnaire responses were received from 45 boys (71%), while 18 were untraceable. The mean (sd) age at surgery and at survey was 3.25 (2.6) and 14.26 (2.8) years, respectively. Forty-two (95%) children felt their penis was normal or only slightly different in appearance, two (5%) felt it looked fairly different and only one mostly avoided communal situations because of this. On voiding three boys (7%) sprayed most of the time while the remainder either never or sometimes sprayed. One youth sometimes had to sit to void because of difficulties in directing the stream; the rest (98%) always stood to void. There were no further circumcisions. These results were not significantly different from those of the age-matched controls. Most children had no (68%) or only slight (30%) recollection of hypospadias surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complication rate and patient satisfaction with GRAP is comparable with those of other techniques. GRAP is a simple day-case procedure with few complications, thus avoiding an overnight hospital admission for most patients. Importantly, the prepuce can be preserved and refashioned to give a good cosmetic result, with no phimosis, which is increasingly important as circumcision becomes less acceptable to both the general public and the medical profession.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Paediatric Surgical Service, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, 180 Falls Road, Belfast BT12 6BE, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Boston
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology