title: Long-term side effects of newer-generation antidepressants: SSRIS, venlafaxine, nefazodone, bupropion, and mirtazapine.
abstract: Anecdotal reports have suggested that the long-term use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be associated with significant weight gain, sexual dysfunction, drug interactions, and discontinuation symptoms. Are these effects inevitable or can they be managed effectively with the appropriate interventions? In reviewing published, controlled clinical trials, it has been noted that many depressed patients experience weight gain during remission with or without treatment. Most antidepressants appear to produce a 3- to 4-kg weight gain after 6-12 months of therapy, which may be managed with nutritional counseling and exercise. The exception is mirtazapine, which appears to be associated with significant weight gain early in therapy. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction is also common but may be managed with the addition of an antidote or substitution. Drug interactions are most common with fluvoxamine, nefazodone, and fluoxetine because these agents are more likely to affect the metabolism of commonly prescribed medications. It may be possible to prevent discontinuation symptoms with a cross taper to another antidepressant or by slowly tapering the antidepressant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. masan001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Masand
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008803:Mianserin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D010879:Piperazines; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D016642:Bupropion; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D008803:Mianserin; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D010879:Piperazines; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014230:Triazoles; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; C051752:nefazodone