title: Passage of heme-iron across the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: The cell wall envelope of Gram-positive pathogens functions as a scaffold for the attachment of virulence factors and as a sieve that prevents diffusion of molecules. Here the isd genes (iron-regulated surface determinant) of Staphylococcus aureus were found to encode factors responsible for hemoglobin binding and passage of heme-iron to the cytoplasm, where it acts as an essential nutrient. Heme-iron passage required two sortases that tether Isd proteins to unique locations within the cell wall. Thus, Isd appears to act as an import apparatus that uses cell wall-anchored proteins to relay heme-iron across the bacterial envelope.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Microbiology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Sarkis K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mazmanian
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Skaar
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: Munir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humayun
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gornicki
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jelenska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joachmiak
authors.forename: Dominique M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Missiakas
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schneewind
mesh_terms: D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008248:Lysostaphin / Q000378:metabolism; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase / Q000378:metabolism; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D006418:Heme; D007501:Iron; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases; C120542:sortase A; D010450:Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D008248:Lysostaphin; C021816:mutanolysin; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase