title: Glioma surgery evaluated by intraoperative low-field magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To give an overview on intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in glioma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging was performed using a 0.2T scanner, located in a radiofrequency-shielded operating theatre. Two setups were used: surgery either in a neighbouring operating theatre, or directly at the 5G line. Additionally, in gliomas adjacent to eloquent brain areas microscope- or pointer-based neuronavigation with integrated functional data was applied. 106 gliomas were among the 330 patients investigated in the last 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not observe complications attributable to intraoperative MR imaging. Image quality was sufficient to evaluate the extent of the tumour resection in the majority of cases. Intraoperative imaging revealed remaining tumour in 63%. In a total of 26% patients further tumour could be removed due to the results of intraoperative imaging, increasing the rate of complete tumour removal especially in the low-grade tumours. The additional use of functional neuronavigation prevented an increased morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative MR imaging offers the possibility of further tumour removal during the same surgical procedure in case of tumour remnants, increasing the rate of complete tumour removal. The effects of brain shift can be compensated for using intraoperative image data for updating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nimsky
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ganslandt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchfelder
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahlbusch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038361:Neuronavigation; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care