title: Successful toxoplasmosis prophylaxis after orthotopic cardiac transplantation with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) in the prevention of toxoplasmosis after orthotopic cardiac transplantation has been the subject of some controversy, with many transplant groups preferring to use the combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. Although effective, this latter regimen does not offer equal protection against other pathogens, such as or. To assess the value of TMP/SMX, we reviewed the experience in our heart transplant patients, all of whom received TMP/SMX (160/800 mg) three times weekly for approximately 8 months after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 417 orthotopic cardiac transplants during a 17-year period. We have 100% one-year patient follow-up after transplantation. Data was collected on pretransplantation donor and recipient anti- serology, immunosuppression, allograft rejection, survival, yearly posttransplantation anti- serology, development of acute toxoplasmosis, and the occurrence of other infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort, acute toxoplasmosis developed after transplantation in one case (0.2%). Among the highest risk patients (D+R-) who were treated for at least one episode of rejection, the risk of acute toxoplasmosis was 5% (1 of 22 patients). No change in survival was found between the different anti- IgG serogroups (D-R-, D-R+, D+R-, or D+R+). Anti- IgG seroconversion occurred in eight -seronegative recipients after transplantation; all patients, except the case already noted, were asymptomatic and required no specific anti- therapy. No cases of, or infections were identified. Five proven and two suspected cases of pneumonia were found (only 2 of these 7 patients were receiving TMP/SMX at the time of pneumonia diagnosis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that TMP/SMX prophylaxis (160/800 mg) three times per week is effective prophylaxis after orthotopic cardiac transplantation and has prophylactic benefits against other posttransplantation opportunistic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA. lbaden@partners.org.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Baden
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarcho
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000469:parasitology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination