title: Carbohydrate-energy restriction may protect the rat brain against oxidative damage and improve physical performance.
abstract: Chronic energy restriction, alpha-tocopherol supplementation and their interaction with exhaustive exercise were investigated. Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats (n 6x 10) were fed either a control (C), a 30 % carbohydrate-energy-restricted control (R) or an alpha-tocopherol-supplemented (S) diet for 5 months. The animals in each diet were divided into exercised (E) and non-exercised (NE) groups. Before killing, the exercised rats were required to run to exhaustion (39 (se 6), 69 (se 11) and 18 (se 2) min for the C, R and S groups, respectively). Lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; TBARS), protein damage (reactive carbonyls) and alpha-tocopherol were determined in gastrocnemius, liver, brain and/or plasma. There was no difference in lipid peroxidation between the R and C groups, but in liver and muscle peroxidation appeared significantly lower in the S than the other two diets. TBARS in the brain were similar in all groups. On the other hand, reactive carbonyls showed that both the R and S diets reduced protein damage in the brain, while exhaustive exercise increased it. For liver and muscle, however, reactive carbonyl levels were similar in all groups. alpha-Tocopherol supplementation increased the vitamin concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma, but exercise decreased them in plasma and brain. Carbohydrate-energy restriction increased (P=0.0025) resistance to exhaustive exercise considerably without depleting stores of alpha-tocopherol or exacerbating oxidative damage in monitored tissues. It is concluded that while exhaustive exercise promotes a tissue-specific oxidative damage detectable only in brain proteins, both experimental diets tended to ameliorate this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amaya-Farfan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol