title: Reproducibility and validity of the secondary level School-Based Nutrition Monitoring student questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the School-Based Nutrition Monitoring (SBNM) secondary level student questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reproducibility was evaluated using a test-retest study design by administering the questionnaire on the same day (morning and afternoon, n=254) and, when appropriate, 9 to 14 days apart (n=259). Validity was assessed by comparing foods selected on the questionnaire with foods reported from a single 24-hour recall covering the same referent period (yesterday) in 209 students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighth grade students in middle schools from central Texas were used: male and female, approximately 75% white, for the reproducibility study, with 15% Hispanic, 6% African American; for the validation study, approximately 38% white, 41% Hispanic, and 17% African American.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spearman rank order correlation, kappa statistic, and percentage agreement were used for both reproducibility and the validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the reproducibility study, agreement for questions about food intake "yesterday" were 70% to 98%, with kappa statistics ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 and correlations between 0.66 and 0.97. Questions on recent physical activity had high agreement (66% to 89%) as did "usual" physical activity items, weight loss, and food selection behaviors. Nutrition knowledge items showed relatively weaker reliability: agreements ranged from 47% to 92%, with kappa statistics between 0.30 and 0.56. Attitude questions had weaker agreement (50% to 87%), kappa statistics (0.27 to 0.52), and correlations (0.33 to 0.63). For the validation study, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 for breads to 0.68 for milk and beans. Percentage agreement ranged from 38% for breads to 89% for gravy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most questions on the SBNM secondary questionnaire were found to have acceptable reproducibility, whereas validation of food choice behaviors showed results similar to or better than other dietary assessment instruments for this age group. This questionnaire is a useful epidemiologic tool for surveillance, assessing broad intervention effects among groups or providing needs assessment data on selected nutrition and physical activity-related constructs.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Center, University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA. Deanna.M.Hoelscher@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hoelscher
authors.forename: R Sue
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kelder
authors.forename: Jerri L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data