title: Characteristics of coagulation-flocculation of humic acid with effective performance of polymeric flocculant and inorganic coagulant.
abstract: Ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate as coagulants and positive charged flocculants PDDMAC ((PDDMAC = poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were used for pre-treatment of water and wastewater for removing humic substance prior to RO membrane filtration. It was found that a combination of flocculant and coagulant enhanced the coagulation-flocculation process and humic acid removal. The optimum conditions of coagulation-flocculation were established in reference to the ratio of humic acid and coagulant. Zeta potential and the ratio of E4/E6 were investigated to explore the possible micro-mechanisms of coagulation-flocculation. The ratios of E4/E6 show the molecular size variations using different coagulants and flocculants, which are expected to benefit membrane-fouling control.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil & Structural Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798. cjyu@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005374:Filtration; D005427:Flocculation; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004123:Dimethylamines; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; C034516:dimethylamine