title: Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake requires sustained Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
abstract: We analyzed the role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i) in powering mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and (ii) in maintaining a sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)). For this purpose, we expressed in HeLa cells aequorin-based Ca(2+)-sensitive probes targeted to different intracellular compartments and studied the effect of two agonists: histamine, acting on endogenous H(1) receptors, and glutamate, acting on co-transfected metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1a), which rapidly inactivates through protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation and thus causes transient inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production. Glutamate induced a transient [Ca(2+)](c) rise and drop in ER luminal [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](er)), and then the ER refilled with [Ca(2+)](c) at resting values. With histamine, [Ca(2+)](c) after the initial peak stabilized at a sustained plateau, and [Ca(2+)](er) decreased to a low steady-state value. In mitochondria, histamine evoked a much larger mitochondrial Ca(2+) response than glutamate ( approximately 15 versus approximately 65 microm). Protein kinase C inhibition, partly relieving mGluR1a desensitization, reestablished both the [Ca(2+)](c) plateau and the sustained ER Ca(2+) release and markedly increased the mitochondrial Ca(2+) response. Conversely, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake evoked by histamine was drastically reduced by very transient ( approximately 2-s) agonist applications. These data indicate that efficient mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake depends on the preservation of high Ca(2+) microdomains at the mouth of ER Ca(2+) release sites close to mitochondria. This in turn depends on continuous Ca(2+) release balanced by Ca(2+) reuptake into the ER and maintained by Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology, and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabadkai
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simoni
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzuto
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006632:Histamine; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C052128:inositol 3-phosphate