title: Induction of IkappaB-kinase by cholecystokinin is mediated by trypsinogen activation in rat pancreatic lobules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supramaximal concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) or cerulein induce the intracellular activation of trypsinogen and the transcription factor NF-kappaB, a key regulator of inflammatory gene expression. Both events occur early in the development of an acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intracellular trypsinogen and NF-kappaB activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We detected NF-kappaB-binding activity in electromobility shift assays, IkappaB proteolysis in Western analysis and endogenous IkappaB-kinase (IKKalpha and beta) activation using immune complex kinase assays following treatment with CCK in rat pancreatic lobules. To block intrapancreatic trypsinogen activation, a potent and cell-permeable serine-protease inhibitor, Pefabloc, was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCK-induced IkappaBalpha degradation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation correlated closely with the catalytic activity of IKKs to phosphorylate IkappaBalpha in vitro. Activation is dose-dependent and peaked at 30 min. Doses of Pefabloc sufficient to inhibit trypsin activation reduced CCK-induced activation of NF-kappaB whereas TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation was not blocked but slightly increased. Moreover, treatment with Pefabloc as well as another serine protease inhibitor, FUT175, inhibited CCK-induced IKK activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen may contribute to NF-kappaB signaling via IKK activation in cerulein pancreatitis. This also explains the fact that only doses of CCK which activate trypsinogen induce NF-kappaB activation in pancreatic acinar cells. Thus, trypsinogen activation is likely to modulate signaling events in acinar cells in the initial phase of acute pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tando
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Algül
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Christoph K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weidenbach
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Roland M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001550:Benzamidines; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001550:Benzamidines; D006146:Guanidines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C002010:4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride; D014362:Trypsinogen; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C032855:nafamostat