title: Central CO2 chemoreception in developing bullfrogs: anomalous response to acetazolamide.
abstract: Central CO(2) chemoreception and the role of carbonic anhydrase were assessed in brain stems from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and frogs. Buccal and lung rhythms were recorded from cranial nerve VII and spinal nerve II during normocapnia and hypercapnia before and after treatment with 25 microM acetazolamide. The lung response to acetazolamide mimicked the hypercapnic response in early-stage and midstage metamorphic tadpoles and frogs. In late-stage tadpoles, acetazolamide actually inhibited hypercapnic responses. Acetazolamide and hypercapnia decreased the buccal frequency but had no effect on the buccal duty cycle. Carbonic anhydrase activity was present in the brain stem in every developmental stage. Thus more frequent lung ventilation and concomitantly less frequent buccal ventilation comprised the hypercapnic response, but the response to acetazolamide was not consistent during metamorphosis. Therefore, acetazolamide is not a useful tool for central CO(2) chemoreceptor studies in this species. The reversal of the effect of acetazolamide in late-stage metamorphosis may reflect reorganization of central chemosensory processes during the final transition from aquatic to aerial respiration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001, USA. barbara.e.taylor@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: E Lee
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gdovin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leiter
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva; D008168:Lung / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000086:Acetazolamide