title: A short course of cyclosporine immunosuppression inhibits rejection but not tolerance of rat liver allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthotopic liver transplants in many animal models are spontaneously accepted without requiring immunosuppression. Liver transplant acceptance is associated with early immune activation, and immunosuppressive drugs such as methylprednisolone inhibit acceptance. We investigated whether cyclosporine (CsA) inhibits rat liver transplant acceptance. We also examined the effects of CsA on infiltration and cytokine gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in the PVG donor to Dark Agouti recipient rat strain combination, which accepts the graft (tolerance; TOL), and in the PVG-to-Lewis combination, which rejects the graft in 9 to 16 days (rejection; REJ). CsA (1.5 mg/kg per day subcutaneously) was given to recipients for 5 days, starting from the day of transplantation to day 4 or from day 3 to day 7. In a separate experiment, transplanted livers were collected at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation and examined for infiltration by immunohistochemistry and for expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, and interferon-gamma mRNA by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both early and delayed treatment with CsA significantly increased survival in the REJ strain combination, with a median survival time of 81 days and more than 100 days, respectively, compared with 13 days in the untreated group. Neither treatment affected survival of TOL animals, and all TOL groups had a median survival time of more than 100 days. Delayed treatment did not reduce survival; more animals survived for greater than 100 days after delayed treatment, although this did not reach significance ( P=0.08). T-cell infiltrate was inhibited in CsA-treated TOL animals compared with untreated animals at all times after treatment, whereas CD25 cells were only inhibited on day 3. CsA treatment of TOL grafts markedly reduced expression of IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma compared with untreated recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CsA did not significantly inhibit liver transplant acceptance and allowed some activation of T cells and CD25 expression but almost completely inhibited IL-2 and IL-4, which are required for survival of activated T cells.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, QE II Medical Centre, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Wen Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yiqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Bastiaan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: G Alex
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Anthony K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: House
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016572:Cyclosporine