title: Both fasting-induced leptin reduction and GH increase are blunted in Cushing's syndrome and in simple obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simple obesity and Cushing's syndrome (CS) are two clinical models of leptin hypersecretion coupled with GH hyposecretion. Fasting inhibits leptin while stimulating GH secretion in normal human subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the effect of fasting on leptin and GH secretion in obesity and CS. PATIENTS AND PROTOCOL: We studied six women with CS [age 17-66 years; body mass index (BMI) 28.6 kg/m2], seven women with visceral obesity (OB; 20-41 years; BMI 42.9 kg/m2) and seven normal women (NS; 25-31 years; BMI 19.3 kg/m2). The effects of 36-h fasting on 8-h diurnal mean leptin, GH, insulin and glucose concentrations (mLEPTc, mGHc, mINSc and mGLUc) as well as on the IGF/IGFBP system were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before fasting, mLEPTc in OB and in CS were similar and both were higher (P < 0.01) than in NS. OB and CS showed similar mGHc, which were lower (P < 0.05) than in NS. Fasting induced a reduction in mLEPTc that was significant in NS and CS (P < 0.04) but not in OB. The mLEPTc in OB and CS after fasting remained higher (P < 0.05) than in NS. After fasting, OB and CS showed no increase in mGHc, although this clearly increased (P < 0.02) in NS. IGF-I but not IGFBP-3 levels decreased in all groups (P < 0.05). Fasting reduced mINSc and mGLUc while increasing IGFBP-1 in all groups. After fasting, mINSc in OB and CS remained higher (P < 0.03) than in NS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term fasting has less inhibitory effect on leptin and no stimulatory effect on GH secretion in patients with Cushing's syndrome as well as simple obesity. After fasting, insulin levels in hypercortisolaemic and also in obese patients remained higher than in normal subjects suggesting that hyperinsulinism could play a role in the altered response of leptin and GH to starvation in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grottoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gauna
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aimaretti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corneli
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strasburger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieguez
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maccario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone