title: Expression of pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in human pituitary adenomas: relationships to clinical tumour behaviour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) encodes a multifunctional protein that is implicated in initiating and perpetuating pituitary adenoma growth. PTTG appears to have key regulatory functions in determining control of many fundamental cellular events including mitosis, cell transformation, DNA repair and gene regulation. Several of these events are mediated through interactions with PTTG binding factor (PBF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Given this background, we have determined the expression of PTTG, PBF, FGF-2 and its receptor FGF-R-1 in a large cohort of pituitary adenomas and have sought associations between levels of gene expression and clinical markers of tumour behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses to measure PTTG, PBF, FGF-2 and FGF-R-1 expression in ex vivo pituitary tumours (N = 121). Clinical data, including accurate radiological assessment of tumour characteristics, were used to determine any associations between gene expression and tumour behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTTG was increased significantly (fivefold, P = 0.005) in adenomas compared with normal pituitaries. We also demonstrated that PBF was similarly raised in adenomas (sixfold, P = 0.0001), and was significantly correlated with PTTG expression. FGF-2 and its receptor FGF-R-1 were also raised in adenomas compared with normal pituitary tissue. Moreover, significantly enhanced expression of FGF-R-1 was observed in invasive adenomas compared with other pituitary tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a fundamental role for PTTG-mediated upregulation of FGF-2 signalling in pituitary tumorigenesis and growth, and suggest that receptor-mediated mechanisms of growth factor action may be critically important. Further prospective studies are required to determine whether measurement of FGF-R-1 mRNA will be of clinical use as a prognostic marker in patients with pituitary adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. mccabcjz@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Khaira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boelaert
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Heaney
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tannahill
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olliff
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Franklyn
authors.forename: N J L
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gittoes
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D064249:Securin; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C112633:PTTG1IP protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D064249:Securin; C578002:pituitary tumor-transforming protein 1, human; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1