title: Metabolomics and differential gene expression in anthocyanin chemo-varietal forms of Perilla frutescens.
abstract: We have investigated metabolite profiles and gene expression in two chemo-varietal forms, red and green forms, of Perilla frutescens var. crispa. Striking difference in anthocyanin content was observed between the red and green forms. Anthocyanin, mainly malonylshisonin, was highly accumulated in the leaves of the red form but not in the green form. Less obvious differences were also observed in the stems. However, there was no remarkable difference in the contents and patterns of flavones and primary metabolites such as inorganic anions, organic anions and amino acids. These results suggest that only the regulation of anthocyanin production, but not that of other metabolites, differs in red and green forms. Microscopic observation and immunohistochemical studies indicated that the epidermal cells of leaves and stems are the sites of accumulation of anthocyanins and localization of anthocyanidin synthase protein. By differential display of mRNA from the leaves of red and green forms, we could identify several genes encoding anthocyanin-biosynthetic enzymes and presumptive regulatory proteins. The possible regulatory network leading to differential anthocyanin accumulation in a form-specific manner is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Jun-ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Mutsuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanashi
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Springob
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awazuhara
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003116:Color; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D031344:Perilla frutescens / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D010105:Oxygenases; C118159:anthocyanidin synthase