title: Circumcision for phimosis and other medical indications in Western Australian boys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence rate of circumcision for phimosis and other medically indicated reasons in Western Australian boys from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based incidence study using hospital discharge data of all circumcisions performed in all WA hospitals during the study period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in the incidence rate of circumcision for medically indicated reasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of medically indicated circumcisions increased in boys aged less than 15 years during the study period. Phimosis was the most common medical indication for circumcision in all age groups. The rate of circumcision associated with phimosis was eight times that associated with balanoposthitis and 21 times that of balanitis xerotica obliterans. Boys aged less than five years had the highest rate of circumcision to treat phimosis, at 4.6 per 1000 person-years, representing about 300 circumcisions per year. Boys aged less than five years living in country areas were 1.5 times more likely to be circumcised for phimosis than boys living in metropolitan Perth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of circumcision to treat phimosis in boys aged less than 15 years is seven times the expected incidence rate for phimosis. Many boys are circumcised before reaching five years of age, despite phimosis being rare in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Services Research, School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009. skatrina@sph.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spilsbury
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Semmens
authors.forename: Z Stan
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: C D'Arcy J
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014904:Western Australia