title: Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in a Swedish male criminal population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Swedish male criminal population was grouped into personality disorder subgroups and investigated with regard to personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The main aim of the study was to examine the possibility of a risk factor combination by having low platelet MAO activity as well as belonging to a certain diagnostic DSM-IV axis I (drug abuse in the present series) and/or II subgroup.
  
  
  METHODS
  Personality disorders were grouped into clusters according to the cluster system used in DSM-IV axis II. The prisoners were grouped into five subgroups and each subject completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality self-report questionnaire. The comparison group for the personality data comprised 51 non-criminal males from a longitudinal Swedish project. Platelet MAO activity was assessed for the criminals as well as for a control group including 60 non-criminal healthy male Caucasians. For testing the existence of syndromes, a configuration frequency analysis (CFA) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed low scores on the socialisation and high scores on the sensation seeking-related traits impulsiveness and monotony avoidance, and the somatic anxiety-related muscular tension in the criminals with any DSM-IV mental disorder, however most markedly in cluster AB and cluster B subjects. In addition, cluster AB subjects had significantly lower platelet MAO activity than controls. Two significant 'types' were found among the criminals: one was characterised by low platelet MAO activity, cluster B personality diagnosis as well as drug abuse disorder diagnosis; and the other by a pattern of normal platelet MAO activity, no cluster B personality disorder and no drug abuse disorder diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aggregation of certain risk factors in the same individual has been shown to contribute to the development of criminal behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Longato-Stadler
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: af Klinteberg
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garpenstrand
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oreland
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology*; D003415:Crime; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000097:blood*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D008995:Monoamine Oxidase