title: Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists improve lung function and health status in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereas inhaled corticosteroids reduce the frequency of acute episodes of symptom exacerbation and delay deterioration in health status. We postulated that a combination of these treatments would be better than each component used alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  1465 patients with COPD were recruited from outpatient departments in 25 countries. They were treated in a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study with either 50 microg salmeterol twice daily (n=372), 500 microg fluticasone twice daily (n=374), 50 microg salmeterol and 500 microg fluticasone twice daily (n=358), or placebo (n=361) for 12 months. The primary outcome was the pretreatment forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) after 12 months treatment' and after patients had abstained from all bronchodilators for at least 6h and from study medication for at least 12h. Secondary outcomes were other lung function measurements, symptoms and rescue treatment use, the number of exacerbations, patient withdrawals, and disease-specific health status. We assessed adverse events, serum cortisol concentrations, skin bruising, and electrocardiograms. Analysis was as predefined in the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All active treatments improved lung function, symptoms, and health status and reduced use of rescue medication and frequency of exacerbations. Combination therapy improved pretreatment FEV1 significantly more than did placebo (treatment difference 133 mL, 95% CI 105-161, p<0.0001), salmeterol (73 mL, 46-101, p<0.0001), or fluticasone alone (95 mL, 67-122, p<0.0001). Combination treatment produced a clinically significant improvement in health status and the greatest reduction in daily symptoms. All treatments were well tolerated with no difference in the frequency of adverse events, bruising, or clinically significant falls in serum cortisol concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists and corticosteroid combination treatment produces better control of symptoms and lung function, with no greater risk of side-effects than that with use of either component alone, this combination treatment should be considered for patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK. pmacal@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calverley
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestbo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pride
authors.forename: Amund
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulsvik
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maden
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003288:Contusions / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol; D006854:Hydrocortisone