title: [Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation by salvianolic acid-A].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidative modulation of serum LDL is related to oxygen free radicals. Antioxidants have beneficial effects on oxidative modulation of LDL and development of atherosclerosis. Salvia miltriorhiza (Danshen) preparations have been widely used in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in China. Salvianolic acid A (Sal-A), one of the components of Salvia miltriorhiza, was shown to have strong antioxidative activity. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of Sal-A on human LDL oxidative modulation mediated by copper ions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidation of human LDL was performed in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline with 10 mumol.L-1 CuSO4 at 37 degrees C water for 20 h. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin and vitamin E in LDL as well as the rate of electrophoretic mobility (REM) of LDL were measured. The generation of free radicals during LDL oxidation was detected by low level-chemiluminescence (LL-CL). The chelation of Cu2+ by Sal-A was detected by UV-spectrum scanning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sal-A (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol.L-1) was shown to markedly reduce the production of MDA and lipofuscin as well as the consumption of vitamin E during LDL oxidation. Sal-A (10(-4) mol.L-1) was also shown to inhibit the increase of REM of LDL caused by oxidative modification. In addition, the spectrum of LL-CL showed that Sal-A (10(-6) to 10(-5) mol.L-1) decreased the generation of free radicals during LDL oxidation in a dose dependent manner. The differential UV-spectrum of Sal-A in the presence of Cu2+ indicated that Sal-A could chelate copper ions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sal-A has inhibitory effect on Cu2+ mediated human LDL oxidation through chelating Cu2+ and scavenging free radicals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Ying-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Geng-tao
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007773:Lactates; D008062:Lipofuscin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C066201:salvianolic acid A; D003300:Copper