title: Alteration of the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bax, Fas, and Fas ligand in the involved skin of psoriasis vulgaris following topical anthralin therapy.
abstract: Anthralin (dithranol) is frequently used for the treatment of psoriasis. However, the mode of action of anthralin has not been completely elucidated as yet. Recent findings suggest that psoriatic keratinocytes are resistant to the apoptotic process. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of apoptosis-regulated protein in the involved psoriatic skin following topical anthralin therapy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from back skins treated with topical anthralin or white petrolatum (control) in 4 patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that psoriatic keratinocytes expressed high levels of Bcl-x, which was significantly reduced after anthralin treatment. Bax was not detected in the epidermal keratinocytes in the petrolatum-treated skin, while it was present in the upper keratinocytes after anthralin therapy. Bcl-2 was detected only in basal layers of psoriatic epidermis following both petrolatum and anthralin application. Psoriatic keratinocytes expressed higher levels of Fas in the lower epidermis, while only weak expression was detected in anthralin-treated plaques. On the other hand, hyperproliferative keratinocytes strongly expressed Fas ligand (FasL) on their plasma membranes as well as infiltrating lymphocytes in the upper dermis. Furthermore, anthralin-treated psoriatic epidermis did not express FasL. In normal skin, keratinocytes expressed low to absent levels of Bcl-x and Bax, while Bcl-2 was detected only in melanocytes in basal layers. Neither Fas nor FasL were detected in the epidermis of normal skin. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining revealed positive labeling on the majority of psoriatic keratinocytes through the epidermis in petrolatum-treated skin, whereas anthralin treatment markedly reduced TUNEL-positive keratinocytes. These in vivo results may reflect improvement of the psoriatic skin following effective anthralin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yamamoto.derm@med.tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishioka
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000875:Anthralin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000875:Anthralin