title: Tissue and serum concentrations of levofloxacin 500 mg administered intravenously or orally for antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, comprising enterobacteria, non-fermenters, Gram-positive cocci and some anaerobic species. Members of these species are common pathogens in acute and chronic cholecystitis. This suggests that levofloxacin may be used as peri-operative prophylaxis in gall-bladder surgery. The purpose of our study was to determine serum and tissue levels of levofloxacin in cholecystectomy patients following pre-operative dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with gall-bladder surgery were given levofloxacin 500 mg as a single dose either intravenously (iv) or orally pre-operatively, at the treating physician's decision. Gall-bladder tissue and serum samples were collected, and drug concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Additionally, all tissue samples underwent routine microbiological diagnostics. MICs for aerobic isolates were determined using the Etest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 61 patients (48 female, 13 male) were included. The medians of the levofloxacin concentrations in serum were 11.37 mg/L (iv) and 9.65 mg/L (oral), and in gall-bladder tissue they were 15.61 mg/kg (iv) and 17.93 mg/kg (oral). Eleven pathogens were isolated from gall-bladder samples. Post-operative wound infection was observed in two of the 61 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that levofloxacin may be considered for peri-operative prophylaxis in biliary tract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hygiene, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Stefanie_Swoboda@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swoboda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoppe-Tichy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Baum
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Geiss
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin