title: Exercise training in women with heart disease: influence of hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the central and peripheral cardiovascular effects of exercise training in postmenopausal women with CAD with and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT and N-HRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight female cardiac patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation were divided into HRT ( N= 18) or N-HRT (N = 20) groups. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) peak and ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (AT) were determined, in addition to submaximal cardiac output (Q). Peripheral measures of resting and peak ischemic blood flows (BF) were also measured. Measurements were all repeated after 12 and 26 wk of exercise training consisting of 1 h of walking at 75-80% of the measured VO2peak at baseline (T1) for 5 d.wk(-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VO2peak mL.kg(-1).min(-1) at baseline (14.9 +/- 0.4) increased by 5% after 12 wk (15.6 +/- 0.4) and significantly by 15% (17.2 +/- 0.5) after 26 wk of exercise training (P < 0.001). The HRT group was significantly younger than the N-HRT group (58 vs 65 yr; P < 0.01) and had significantly higher VO2peaks at baseline (15.7 vs 14.2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1); P < 0.05), yet either did not influence changes in other variables. At fixed submaximal work rates, there was a significant training bradycardia ( P < 0.01), but insignificant changes in Q or stroke volume regardless of HRT status. Resting and peak ischemic calf BF and vascular conductance increased significantly ( P < 0.001) at 12 and 26 wk, with no difference found according to HRT status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cardiovascular responses to training in postmenopausal women with CAD appear to be consistent regardless of HRT status and dominated by peripheral adaptations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto & Toronto Rehavilitation Institute, Cardiac Program, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Lori D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: Don J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D017698:Postmenopause; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016896:Treatment Outcome