title: Optimisation of extraction procedures for metallothionein-isoforms and superoxide dismutase from liver samples using spiking experiments.
abstract: The speciation of trace element species in solid matrices like liver samples is still problematic due to two reasons. On the one hand direct methods with sufficient selectivity and sensitivity are currently not available. Therefore extraction procedures have to be applied which are often problematic in respect to species stability. On the other hand there are no reference materials with known amounts of metal proteins like metallothionein-isoforms (MT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for quality control. So the aim of this study was to develop and optimise procedures for the species-preserving extraction of the model compounds MT and SOD from liver samples. Spiking experiments were performed to overcome the lack of appropriate reference materials. In a first step the stability of the model species without liver matrix was investigated by the variation of several extraction parameters. The extractant and exposure to ultrasonic energy especially had a great influence on the recovery of the species while temperature, buffer concentration and atmospheric conditions were less critical. In a second step spiked liver samples were extracted with a selection of procedures taken from the literature. Most of these methods provided recoveries between 70% and 100%. Additionally the buffer concentration and the extractant-to-liver ratio were varied for optimisation. The metal balance of an extraction showed recoveries of 81% for Cd, 94% for Cu and 87% for Zn.
authors.affiliation: GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nischwitz
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Michalke
authors.forename: Antonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kettrup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis*; D023421:Models, Animal; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis*; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D008668:Metallothionein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase