title: [The patient and medicine in contemporary Kazakhstan, attitudes towards bio-medicine and complementary medicine].
abstract: The article discusses society's attitudes towards bio-medicine and complementary medicine in Kazakhstan around the end of the 20th century. It presents the transformation of the health-care system in independent Kazakhstan and its influence on the health situation of the population as well as public opinion on bio-medicine. Presented is a broad spectrum of various fields of complementary medicine which achieved great popularity especially during the 1990s. Among the reasons for that growing popularity appears to be public disenchantment with the collapsing state health-care system which is costly and ineffective. At the same time, an important factor is the durability of traditional beliefs of a magical type which is behind the wide use of nonconventional magic-religious practices -- spells and prayers. Overall public socio-economic malaise and a fear of the future are conducive to a general increase of interest in mystical beliefs and occult practices as well as a paranormal phenomena, and the flourishing of complementary medicine naturally fits into that scheme.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Penkala-Gawecka
mesh_terms: D001690:Biological Science Disciplines / Q000266:history*; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000266:history*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007623:Kazakhstan; D008273:Magic / Q000266:history*; D010361:Patients / Q000266:history*; D012068:Religion and Medicine