title: Sustained induction of ERK, protein kinase B, and p70 S6 kinase regulates cell spreading and formation of F-actin microspikes upon ligation of integrins by galectin-8, a mammalian lectin.
abstract: Galectin-8, a member of the galectin family of mammalian lectins, is a secreted protein that promotes cell adhesion and migration upon binding to a subset of integrins through sugar-protein interactions. Ligation of integrins by galectin-8 triggers a distinct pattern of cytoskeletal organization, including formation of F-actin-containing microspikes. This is associated with activation of integrin-mediated signaling cascades (ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)) that are much more robust and are of longer duration than those induced upon cell adhesion to fibronectin. Indeed, formation of microspikes is enhanced 40% in cells that overexpress protein kinase B, the downstream effector of PI3K. Inhibition of PI3K activity induced by wortmannin partially inhibits cell adhesion and spreading while largely inhibiting microspike formation in cells adherent to galectin-8. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of wortmannin are markedly accentuated in cells overexpressing PKB or p70S6K (CHO(PKB) and CHO(p70S6K) cells), whose adhesion and spreading on galectin-8 (but not on fibronectin) is inhibited approximately 25-35% in the presence of wortmannin. The above results suggest that galectin-8 is an extracellular matrix protein that triggers a unique repertoire of integrin-mediated signals, which leads to a distinctive cytoskeletal organization and microspike formation. They further suggest that downstream effectors of PI3K, including PKB and p70 S6 kinase, in part mediate cell adhesion, spreading, and microspike formation induced by galectin-8.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bershadsky
authors.forename: Yehiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zick
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D006224:Cricetinae; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D037161:Galectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005353:Fibronectins; D037161:Galectins; D016023:Integrins; D037102:Lectins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D050717:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; C091991:LGALS8 protein, human