title: Human cerebellar activation in relation to saccadic eye movements: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The functional organization of the human cerebellum involved in saccadic eye movements was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 7 normal volunteers aged 18-34 years. Visual stimuli were back-projected onto a screen placed at the subjects' feet. The stimulation period of 30 s consisted of a saccade target jumping back and forth horizontally by 20 degrees once per second. The control period of 30 s consisted of a fixed target. The stimulation and control periods were alternated 10 times during the presentation. Functional images were collected with a 1.5-tesla clinical MRI scanner. The significance of activation was determined by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM 99) at a threshold of p < 0.001 (uncorrected), and significantly activated areas were superimposed on the T(1)-weighted images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly activated areas related to visually guided saccades were observed in the cerebellar vermis (declive and folium), in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres (mainly the superior semilunar lobule) of the cerebellum, in the frontal eye field, in the supplementary eye field and in parts of the parietal lobule of the cerebrum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the cerebellar posterior vermis and bilateral hemispheres are related to saccades in humans. These results are consistent with neurophysiological data obtained in primates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduated School of Medicine and Dental Science, Niigata University, Japan. yhaya@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011859:Radiography; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis