title: Cryotherapy influences joint laxity and position sense of the healthy knee joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influences of cryotherapy on the anteroposterior (AP) laxity and the joint position sense of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers (10 men, 10 women; age range, 21-28y) were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cooling pad was applied to the knee for 15 minutes under the circulating medium at 4 degrees C. The subject's skin temperature over the anteromedial aspect of the knee was measured during the 15 minutes of cooling and again 15 minutes later. The accuracy of the knee joint position sense was evaluated before and after cooling by using a modified Skinner's method. AP displacement and anterior terminal stiffness (ATS) of the knee were obtained with a KT-2000 trade mark knee arthrometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total (AP) laxity and anterior knee laxity decreased by 1.0 and 1.2mm after 15 minutes of cooling (P=.003, P=.017), respectively. ATS and inaccuracy of position sense increased by 21N/mm and 1.7 degrees (P<.001, P=.003), respectively. All parameters had normalized at 15 minutes postcooling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cooling for 15 minutes makes the knee joint stiffer and lessens the sensitivity of the position sense. These findings may be significant and should be taken into account for therapeutic programs that involve exercise immediately after a period of cooling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane Medical University, Izumo-shi, Shimane-ken, Japan. uchio@shimane-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchio
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011434:Proprioception; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012881:Skin Temperature