title: A posterior-based omega-shaped flap vaginoplasty in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technical modification for constructing a vagina in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency, using a narrower skin base but rich subcutaneous tissue, aiming to obtain both longer and larger vaginal segments with better cosmesis of the external genitalia.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1997 to February 2001, 28 girls (aged 5 months to 17 years) had a neovagina constructed using a posterior-based omega-shaped flap. Twenty-six patients had a low vagina entering into the urogenital sinus and two had a high vagina that entered the urogenital sinus. In those with a high vagina the flap procedure was combined with the Passerini-Glazel technique. All the patients were scheduled for vaginal "calibrations" during the first year after surgery and, according to the result, would then undergo vaginal dilatation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six children were re-operated; five had plastic surgery to correct genital folds that had regained a scrotal aspect, whereas one with a high vagina developed a urethral stricture, with urinary dribbling and infection, and had the urethra reconstructed. These six children are currently well. No hormone therapy was given to one child for 1 year who is scheduled for further surgery for a re-virilized clitoris. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Up to the last visit, 19 girls had not developed a vaginal stricture and the cosmesis of their external genitalia was deemed good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The posterior-based omega-shaped flap enabled both the construction of wider vaginal segments with a low risk of developing stenosis in those with a low vagina, and increased vaginal dimension when associated with the Passerini-Glazel technique for those with a high vagina. However, despite good cosmesis of the external genitalia, the follow-up is too short to confirm whether this technique will meet all the expectations.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Urology, Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, Rua Batista Cepelos 87-Ap 61, 04109-120 São Paulo, Brazil. lufrei@zaz.com.br
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Freitas Filho
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.forename: C E R
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calcagno Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012086:Reoperation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*