title: Impaired financial abilities in mild cognitive impairment: a direct assessment approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess financial capacity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using a standardized psychometric capacity measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 21 cognitively normal older controls, 21 patients with amnestic MCI, and 22 patients with mild AD. The Financial Capacity Instrument (FCI), a psychometric capacity measure consisting of 18 financial ability tests (tasks), 9 domains (activities), and 2 total scores, was administered to participants along with a battery of neuropsychological tests sensitive to dementia. Group differences were examined on the neuropsychological and financial capacity variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to controls, the MCI group demonstrated impairments in episodic memory, and also semantic knowledge, executive function, written arithmetic, and spatial attention. MCI participants demonstrated impairments in FCI domains of conceptual knowledge, cash transactions, bank statement management, and bill payment, and in overall financial capacity. The control and MCI groups performed significantly better than patients with AD on most financial capacity and cognitive measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On direct assessment, patients with amnestic MCI as a group demonstrate impairments across a range of financial abilities. These impairments are mild and may only apply to a subset of patients with MCI. However, existing diagnostic criteria for MCI should be applied flexibly to include mild impairments in higher order activities of daily life such as financial capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233-7340, USA.
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belue
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sicola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krzywanski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zamrini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrell
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Marson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000407:Alabama; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology; D001288:Attention; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005376:Financial Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values