Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in humans during pregnancy. A preliminary report.
BACKGROUND
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), the most commonly used plasticizer, is a widespread ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The potential health hazards from exposure to DEHP and its main metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), have been well documented. Exposure to DEHP and MEHP in humans at risk, such as pregnant women and human fetuses, has not been tested.


METHODS
Plasma DEHP and MEHP concentrations were measured in a total of 24 consecutive mother-infant pairs by high performance liquid chromatography. Associations between DEHP/MEHP and infant characteristics were tested using Fisher's exact test, unpaired t tests and univariate linear regression analysis.


RESULTS
Measurable DEHP and MEHP concentrations were found in 17/24 (70.8%) and 18/24 (75%) maternal plasmas, respectively, and in 11/25 (44%) and 18/25 (72.0%) cord samples, respectively. Either DEHP or MEHP were detectable in 21/24 (87.5%) maternal plasmas and 19/25 (76%) cord samples. The mean DEHP concentrations in maternal and cord plasmas were 1.15 +/- 0.81 and 2.05 +/- 1.47 microg/ml, respectively. The mean MEHP concentrations were 0.68 +/- 0.85 and 0.68 +/- 1.03 microg/ml, respectively. No significant correlations were found between maternal and cord blood DEHP, maternal and cord blood MEHP, maternal DEHP and cord blood MEHP, or maternal MEHP and cord blood DEHP plasma concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the effects of perinatal exposure to phthalates need further research, our findings: (i) confirm the high frequency of DEHP and/or MEHP exposure in human pregnancies; (ii) indicate that the exposure to these environmental contaminants begins during intrauterine life, and (iii) suggest that fetal exposure is closely related to the maternal exposure.
Latini
G
G
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Perrino Hospital of Azienda Ospedaliera A. Di Summa, IFC-CNR, Lecce Section, Piazza Antonio Di Summa, I-72100 Brindisi, Italy. gilatini@tin.it
De Felice
C
C
Presta
G
G
Del Vecchio
A
A
Paris
I
I
Ruggieri
F
F
Mazzeo
P
P
D000328:Adult; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C016599:mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate