title: Microbiological quality of take-away cooked rice and chicken sandwiches: effectiveness of food hygiene training of the management.
abstract: During August 2001 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat cooked rice from take-aways and of chicken sandwiches made on the premises from sandwich bars was undertaken. The intention was to identify risk factors in the production, storage and handling of cooked rice and sandwiches, and to establish their effect on microbiological quality. Examination of cooked rice revealed that the majority of samples (87%; 442 of 508) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality; 50 (10%) were unsatisfactory, and 16 (3%) were of unacceptable quality due to Bacillus cereus and/or other Bacillus spp in excess of 10(5) cfu/g. The microbiological quality of cooked rice was associated with cuisine type (p < 0.00001), rice type (p < 0.01), cooking (p < 0.01), serving methods (p < 0.00001), and management food hygiene training (p < 0.01). Examination of chicken sandwiches found that most (75%; 335 of 449) were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological quality and 114 (25%) were unsatisfactory. Acceptable microbiological quality of sandwiches was associated with sandwich bars that had hazard analysis in place (p < 0.05). Smaller businesses, as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors' Consumer at Risk scores, were more likely to have samples classified as unsatisfactory or unacceptable compared to larger businesses (p < 0.001). The majority (90%) of premises had hand-washing facilities accessible and available for use, although only over half (55%) were correctly used as judged by the sampling officer. Where the manager of the premises had received some form of food hygiene training, food safety procedures such as the hazard analysis system were more likely to be in place (p < 0.0001).
authors.affiliation: Environmental Surveillance Unit, Public Health Laboratory Service (CDSC), 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ. clittle@phls.org.uk
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005522:Food Services / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008131:London; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000592:standards