Dendritic cell homeostasis in the regulation of self-reactivity.
Dendritic cells (DC) are known for their remarkable ability to induce specific T cell responses. However, the existing views on the role of DC in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens and induction of autoimmunity are somewhat controversial especially when the basic physiology of DC migration, function and homeostasis is considered. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview on these topics with particular emphasis on DC homeostasis and presents implications for the generation of pathological autoimmune T cell responses. Furthermore, we advocate the need for a conceptual characterization of the immune system operating in vivo. With particular focus on the contribution of DC, we suggest that a 'spatiotemporal' view of the rules for T cell responses (antigen dose and availability, duration and mode of antigen presentation) permits a better understanding of the relevant factors contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
Ludewig
Burkhard
B
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Burkhard.Ludewig@kssg.ch
Krebs
Philippe
P
Junt
Tobias
T
Bocharov
Gennady
G
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans