title: Role of the 5'-proximal stem-loop structure of the 5' untranslated region in replication and translation of hepatitis C virus RNA.
abstract: Sequences of the untranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends (5'UTR and 3'UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome are highly conserved and contain cis-acting RNA elements for HCV RNA replication. The HCV 5'UTR consists of two distinct RNA elements, a short 5'-proximal stem-loop RNA element (nucleotides 1 to 43) and a longer element of internal ribosome entry site. To determine the sequence and structural requirements of the 5'-proximal stem-loop RNA element in HCV RNA replication and translation, a mutagenesis analysis was preformed by nucleotide deletions and substitutions. Effects of mutations in the 5'-proximal stem-loop RNA element on HCV RNA replication were determined by using a cell-based HCV replicon replication system. Deletion of the first 20 nucleotides from the 5' end resulted in elimination of cell colony formation. Likewise, disruption of the 5'-proximal stem-loop by nucleotide substitutions abolished the ability of HCV RNA to induce cell colony formation. However, restoration of the 5'-proximal stem-loop by compensatory mutations with different nucleotides rescued the ability of the subgenomic HCV RNA to replicate in Huh7 cells. In addition, deletion and nucleotide substitutions of the 5'-proximal stem-loop structure, including the restored stem-loop by compensatory mutations, all resulted in reduction of translation by two- to fivefold, suggesting that the 5'-proximal stem-loop RNA element also modulates HCV RNA translation. These findings demonstrate that the 5'-proximal stem-loop of the HCV RNA is a cis-acting RNA element that regulates HCV RNA replication and translation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA. gluo0@uky.edu
authors.forename: Guangxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shaojie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012093:Replicon; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012367:RNA, Viral