title: Comparison of the ankle, knee, hip, and trunk corrective action shown during single-leg stance on firm, foam, and multiaxial surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the quantity of ankle, knee, hip, and trunk corrective actions shown during single-leg stance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Counter-balanced crossover design. Single-leg stance under the conditions of eyes open on firm, foam, and multiaxial surfaces and eyes closed on a firm surface were recorded for 12 seconds in 18 participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university neuromuscular research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen healthy and recreationally active college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average angular displacement magnitude between successive sampling instances for the ankle, knee, hip, and trunk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant condition by joint interaction was revealed. Post hoc comparisons revealed that the ankle dominated as the source of corrective action across each of the testing conditions. As the challenge became greater because of foam surface or eyes closed, more corrective action occurred at proximal joints (hip and/or knee).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ankle is of primary importance during single-leg stance on firm, foam, and multiaxial surfaces, with proximal joints having an increased role under more challenging conditions. These results provide a scientific basis for clinicians' and researchers' decisions about support surface and visual condition during single-leg postural control testing and training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-9076, USA. briemann@gasou.edu
authors.forename: Bryan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lephart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*