title: Mast cell chymase induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis by a mechanism involving fibronectin degradation and disruption of focal adhesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chymase released from activated mast cells has been shown to induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. The proteolytic activity of chymase is essential for the proapoptotic effect, but the mechanism of chymase-induced apoptosis has remained unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we show by means of FACS analysis, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting that mast cell-derived chymase induces SMC apoptosis by a mechanism involving degradation of an extracellular matrix component, fibronectin (FN), with subsequent disruption of focal adhesions. The FN degradation products induced SMC apoptosis of similar magnitude and with similar changes in outside-in signaling, as did chymase. Sodium orthovanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, inhibited the chymase-induced SMC apoptosis. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), one of the key mediators of integrin-extracellular matrix interactions and cell survival, was rapidly degraded in the presence of chymase or FN degradation products. Loss of phosphorylated FAK (p-FAK) resulted in a rapid dephosphorylation of the p-FAK-dependent downstream mediator Akt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that chymase-secreting mast cells can mediate apoptosis of neighboring SMCs through a mechanism involving degradation of pericellular FN and disruption of the p-FAK-dependent cell-survival signaling cascade.
authors.affiliation: Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leskinen
authors.forename: Ken A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindstedt
authors.forename: Yenfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Petri T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Kovanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053818:Chymases; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases