title: Pulmonary vein diameter reduction after radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation evaluated by contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a promising intervention to treat atrial fibrillation. However, pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis after RFCA has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and time course of pulmonary vein stenosis after RFCA within a period of 3 months. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to visualize pulmonary veins and was compared with radiographic angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had RFCA in the orifice of 138 pulmonary veins. Comparison of diameters measured in 44 untreated vessels either by radiographic angiography or with MRA established the reliability of MRA (r=0.934). MRA measurements revealed an incidence of relevant diameter reductions of > or =25% or stenosis of > or =50% after RFCA of 25 of 138 (18.1%) treated vessels 1 day and/or 3 months after ablation. A progression of diameter reduction after RFCA was observed in 8.3% (maximum 75%), whereas a regression was observed in 6.3% of treated PVs. Ablation at a radial angle of >180 degrees of a pulmonary vein orifice increased the risk of diameter reduction significantly compared with ablation at a radial angle < or =180 degrees (P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence and progression of PV stenosis is a potential significant complication of RFCA in the orifice of pulmonary veins. These findings may have an impact on the technical performance of this intervention. In addition, long-term studies will be necessary to evaluate lumen reduction over time. MRA is a noninvasive, reproducible imaging modality for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany. thorsten.dill@kerckhoff.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dill
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ekinci
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Breidenbach
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Heinz-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pitschner
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media