Lysosome-related organelles: a view from immunity and pigmentation.
Lysosomes are ubiquitous organelles that carry out essential household functions. Certain cell types, however, contain lysosome-related organelles with specialized functions. Their specialized functions are usually reflected by specific morphological and compositional features. A number of diseases that develop due to genetic mutations, pathogen exposure or cell transformation are characterized by dysfunctional lysosomes and/or lysosome-related organelles. In this review we highlight adaptations and malfunction of the endosomal/lysosomal system in normal and pathological situations with special focus on MHC class II compartments in antigen presenting cells and melanosomes in pigment cells.
Raposo
Graça
G
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France. graposo@curie.fr
Fevrier
Benoit
B
Stoorvogel
Willem
W
Marks
Michael S
MS
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016464:Lysosomal Storage Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II