title: Argatroban, specific thrombin inhibitor, induced phenotype change of cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: To investigate whether argatroban ((2R,4R)-4-methyl-1-[N(2)-((RS)-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfonyl)-L-arginyl]-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrate, a selective thrombin inhibitor, exerts a direct action on phenotype conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells, cultured rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were employed. Myosin heavy chain isoforms (SM1, SM2, and SMemb) mRNA expressions were evaluated by in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing argatroban (10 and 50 microg/ml) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (10 and 50 ng/ml) for 3 h, total RNA was extracted. In situ hybridization demonstrated that myosin heavy-chain isoform mRNAs were homogenously expressed in argatroban- and PDGF-BB-treated cells. RT-PCR revealed that SM1/SM2 mRNA expressions were not changed with argatroban, while SMemb mRNA expression was increased to 1.6-fold with a statistical significance (P<0.05). Treatment with argatroban (10 and 50 microg/ml) at 24 h did not change SM1/SM2 mRNA expressions. Although SMemb mRNA expression was slightly increased, there was no statistical significance. Other phenotype markers including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and beta-actin mRNAs were also significantly increased by argatroban. In conclusion, argatroban can directly induce phenotype conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells with the resultant up-regulation of SMemb, PAI-1, and beta-actin mRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunagawa
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosugi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013449:Sulfonamides; D001120:Arginine; D013917:Thrombin; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains; C031942:argatroban