title: Biallelic expression of HRAS and MUCDHL in human and mouse.
abstract: At least eight genes clustered in 1 Mb of DNA on human chromosome (Chr) 11p15.5 are subject to parental imprinting, with monoallelic expression in one or more tissues. Orthologues of these genes show conserved linkage and imprinting on distal Chr 7 of mice. The extended imprinted region has a bipartite structure, with at least two differentially methylated DNA elements (DMRs) controlling the imprinting of two sub-domains. We previously described three biallelically expressed genes ( MRPL23, 2G7 and TNNT3) in 100 kb of DNA immediately downstream of the imprinted H19 gene, suggesting that H19 marks one border of the imprinted region. Here we extend this analysis to two additional downstream genes, HRAS and MUCDHL (mu-protocadherin). We find that these genes are biallelically expressed in multiple fetal and adult tissues, both in humans and in mice. The mouse orthologue of a third gene, DUSP8, located between H19 and MUCDHL, is also expressed biallelically. The DMR immediately upstream of H19 frequently shows a net gain of methylation in Wilms tumors, either via Chr 11p15.5 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or loss of imprinting (LOI), but changes in methylation in CpG-rich sequences upstream and within the MUCDHL gene are rare in these tumors and do not correlate with LOH or LOI. These findings are further evidence for a border of the imprinted region immediately downstream of H19, and the data allow the construction of an imprinting map that includes more than 20 genes, distributed over 3 Mb of DNA on Chr 11p15.5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Luwa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Vundavalli V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Murty
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tycko
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D000091363:Protocadherins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013447:Sulfites / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C413024:CDHR5 protein, human; D000070585:Cadherin Related Proteins; D015820:Cadherins; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; C504543:Mucdhl protein, mouse; D000091363:Protocadherins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D013447:Sulfites; C042345:hydrogen sulfite