title: Nosocomial and community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: comparative microbiology and therapeutic implications.
abstract: In order to compare the microbiological characteristics of nosocomial and community-acquired episodes of bacterial peritonitis, 95 consecutive, spontaneous episodes were reviewed. Seventy of these episodes were bacteriologically documented. Fifty-three (55.8%) episodes were nosocomial and 42 (44.2%) were community acquired. A total of 78 pathogens were isolated, including 40 gram-positive cocci (34 streptococci, 6 Staphylococcus aureus), 35 gram-negative bacilli (including 23 Escherichia coli), 2 gram-positive bacilli and 1 yeast. Streptococci were found more frequently in community-acquired episodes (53.8%) than in nosocomial episodes (33.3%). Gram-negative bacilli were significantly more frequent in nosocomial episodes than in community-acquired episodes (56.4% vs. 33.3%, P<0.05). Nosocomial isolates were significantly more resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (48.7% vs. 18.4%, P<0.01) and cefotaxime (33.3% vs. 13.2%, P<0.05) than community-acquired isolates, but no difference was detected regarding resistance to ciprofloxacin. The results indicate that the empirical treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis should differ for nosocomial and community-acquired cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Beaujon, 100 boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France. bertfrederic@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Degos
authors.forename: J-O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Galdbart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Branger
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lambert-Zechovsky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents