title: Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthases and their allosteric regulators in heart and vessels of hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) production is regulated posttranslationally through enzyme's inhibitory interaction with the caveolar coat protein, caveolin and stimulatory interaction with the chaperone heat shock protein, Hsp90. However, changes in the expression of these regulators with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histochemical and immunoblotted signals for the NOS isoforms, caveolin and Hsp90 were compared in left ventricle (LV) and aortic or mesenteric vessels between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 18 and 63 weeks old) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. To assess functional impacts on downstream NO signaling, superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) and cGMP contents were measured in the same tissues by oxidative fluorescent hydroethidine staining and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with levels in age-matched WKY rats, endothelial NOS (eNOS) proteins were increased in aorta of SHR at 18 weeks. Conversely, aortic caveolin-1 and -3 were decreased in SHR, whereas Hsp90 remained unchanged. In LV tissue of SHR at 18 weeks, caveolin-1 and -3 were similarly decreased, but Hsp90 upregulated, together with a downregulation of eNOS. However, at 63 weeks, both eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were markedly upregulated in the LV of SHR, together with an upregulation of Hsp90. No difference in cardiac and aortic cGMP contents was found between the two strains. In LV sections, O(2)(-) generation was higher in older compared with younger rats from both strains and highest in 63 weeks SHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in NOS protein abundance in SHR rats compared with WKY controls are differentially regulated according to the age of hypertension and the tissue examined and are not necessarily correlated with cGMP contents. The coordinate expressional changes in NOS isoforms and their allosteric regulators, such as caveolin and Hsp90, may act as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the production of bioactive NO in the face of increased oxidant stress.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, FATH 5349, Université Catholique de Louvain, 53 Avenue Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piech
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dessy
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Havaux
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Balligand
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000201:enzymology*; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000201:enzymology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495537:Cav1 protein, rat; C495549:Cav3 protein, rat; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051244:Caveolin 3; D022461:Caveolins; D013481:Superoxides; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006152:Cyclic GMP