title: Mouse Sprr locus: a tandem array of coordinately regulated genes.
abstract: Small PRoline Rich (SPRR) proteins are primary constituents of the cornified cell envelope, necessary to create a permeability barrier across the body's surface. The family of murine Sprr genes has diversified, enabling the body to construct slightly different types of barriers as needed for backskin, mouth, tongue, etc. The Sprr genes have remained tandemly arrayed within 220 kb on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 3. On the basis of sequence similarity, we identified a novel member of the family, the murine ortholog of SPRR4. We present a sequence-verified physical map of the region and identify the complete coding sequence of the Sprr2 genes. Highly specific RNase protection assays based on the 3' untranslated sequences were used to query the expression of these genes in a model of barrier deficiency, mice with a targeted ablation of the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4-/-). Twelve of the 15 members of the Sprr family are upregulated in the Klf4-/- mice. The sequences upstream of the start of transcription of the Sprr2 genes contain common regulatory elements conserved with the human SPRR2 genes. The clustering of the genes and their misregulation suggest that these genes may be held together in a tandem array to allow coordinate regulation.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Biology Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20898-4442, USA.
authors.forename: Satyakam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Tonja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kartasova
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Segre
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D055233:Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C491986:SPRR2B protein, human; C491987:SPRR2D protein, human; C444462:SPRR4 protein, human; C114978:Sprr2b protein, mouse; C491983:Sprr2d protein, mouse; C491984:Sprr2e protein, mouse; C491982:Sprr2f protein, mouse; C491981:Sprr2g protein, mouse; C491980:Sprr2h protein, mouse; C491979:Sprr2i protein, mouse; C491978:Sprr2j-ps protein, mouse; C491977:Sprr2k protein, mouse; C499095:Sprr4 protein, mouse; D012260:Ribonucleases