title: Post-traumatic pseudomyopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many clinicians have noted that patients demonstrate a myopic refractive change following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This apparent myopic shift disappears with cycloplegia, yet stubbornly reappears as soon as the pharmaceutical effect wears off. We propose that this shift is secondary to an irritative lesion that affects the parasympathetic innervation, resulting in ciliary body contracture. The dilemma for the clinician is whether to provide the immediate relief of clear distance vision by prescribing additional minus lenses, or to work toward attempting to re-establish the baseline refractive error.
  
  
  METHODS
  The natural history of post-traumatic pseudomyopia in our experience involves one of the following three courses: (1) a transient condition that will occasionally resolve; (2) the typical case, a recalcitrant condition that will resolve under cycloplegic intervention, but immediately return as the cycloplegic wears off; or (3) a less-common subgroup of patients who continue to show an increase in myopia over time. Our description of these cases demonstrates management strategies (including atropinization) to relax accommodative spasm, traditional vision therapy techniques aimed at loosening the accommodative system, and refractive corrections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pseudomyopia is one of many ocular and behavioral sequelae following TBI. By understanding the natural course and potential management options for post-traumatic pseudomyopia, the clinician will be better prepared to deal with these challenging cases. Flexibility is required, since options that work with one patient may prove ineffective with another. Counseling the patient as to potential outcomes given the natural history of this condition helps establish more-realistic expectations by the patients being treated.
authors.affiliation: Pacific University, College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116, USA. londonr@pacificu.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirschen
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine