title: Gene expression profile after peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligand administration in dextran sodium sulfate mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Ligands of PPARgamma, thiazolidione derivatives, have been reported to be the one of the candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Given the fact that PPARgamma is a transcription regulator, expression pharmacogenomics, including differential gene expression profiling of drug responses in a colitis model, is thought to be a useful approach for finding relevant genes that can serve as the target for new drug treatment of IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a global analysis for differential gene expression of the intestine in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis mouse model following PPARgamma ligand administration. By applying a high-density oligonucleotide array method, the expression patterns of approximately 12000 genes were analyzed, and selected genes were confirmed by a real-time quantitative PCR method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of downregulated genes in the DSS mice following PPARgamma administration revealed several functional gene clusters with altered expression: (1) oncogene families such as GRO1 oncogenes, (2) inflammatory mediator-related genes such as the interferon-gamma gene, (3) water electrolyte-associated genes, and (4) others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first demonstration of global gene expression analysis using the DSS colitis mouse model with a PPARgamma ligand, and these results provide new insight for finding novel target genes for treating IBD.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saubermann
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aburatani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016264:Dextran Sulfate