Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the Hyperbaric Oxygen in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial Pilot Study.
OBJECTIVE
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has promise as a treatment for acute stroke. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of using HBO in acute ischemic stroke.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized, prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study of 33 patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke who did not receive thrombolytics over a 24-month period. Patients were randomized to treatment for 60 minutes in a monoplace hyperbaric chamber pressurized with 100% O2 to 2.5-atm absolute (ATA) in the HBO group or 1.14 ATA in the sham group. Primary outcomes measured included percentage of patients with improvement at 24 hours (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]) and 90 days (NIHSS, Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale). Secondary measurements included complications of treatment and mortality at 90 days.


RESULTS
Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. There were no differences between the groups at 24 hours (P=0.44). At 3 months, however, a larger percentage of the sham patients had a good outcome defined by their stroke scores compared with the HBO group (NIHSS, 80% versus 31.3%; P=0.04; Barthel Index, 81.8% versus 50%; P=0.12; modified Rankin Scale, 81.8% versus 31.3%; P=0.02; Glasgow Outcome Scale, 90.9% versus 37.5%; P=0.01) with loss of statistical significance in a intent-to-treat analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Although our HBO protocol appears feasible and safe, it does not appear to be beneficial and may be harmful in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Rusyniak
Daniel E
DE
Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. drusynia@iupui.edu
Kirk
Mark A
MA
May
Jason D
JD
Kao
Louise W
LW
Brizendine
Edward J
EJ
Welch
Julie L
JL
Cordell
William H
WH
Alonso
Robert J
RJ
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome