title: Urodynamic testing predicts long-term urological complications following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined pancreas-kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with type I diabetes mellitus associated with chronic renal failure. The introduction of the bladder drainage technique constituted a marked improvement of the surgical technique with a reduction of life-threatening complications. However, drainage of pancreatic secretions via the urinary bladder causes urological complications leading, in some cases, to cystoenteric conversion. We retrospectively analysed whether pre-operative urodynamic findings may predict the subsequent development of urological complications and influence the choice of exocrine secretion drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1987 to 1997, 39 bladder-drained simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations were performed in 16 men and 23 women with a mean age of 38.5 yr. All patients underwent a complete urological assessment prior to surgery, including medical history, physical examination, urethrocystography and urodynamic assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients are alive with a mean follow-up of 62 +/- 8 months. In 60% of cases, both kidney and pancreas remain functional. Seven patients experienced recurrent lower urinary tract infections. Six patients suffered from chemical urethritis (four men and two women) and six suffered from recurrent haematuria (blood transfusions were required in two patients). One patient had incrusted stones at the site of duodenal staples. Urological complications were mostly observed in the 22 patients (79%) with abnormal urodynamic characteristics (Relative risk: 5.1). Intravenous Somatostatin failed to definitively cure these complications in most cases. Seven patients (17%) (five with urethritis, two with haematuria) required cystoenteric conversion. Two patients developed post-operative ileal fistula, one cutaneous and one into the bladder. All urinary symptoms resolved in these seven patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of specific urinary complications is high (28%) in bladder-drained simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation patients. These complications are statistically more frequent in the case of an abnormal pre-transplant urodynamic assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, Paris-Sud University School of Medicine, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droupy
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eschwege
authors.forename: Yacine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hammoudi
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durrbach
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology