CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation.
Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.
Aldrin
Andrew
A
Students of the International Space University Summer Session Program 2001, Bremen, Germany.
Amara
Adam
A
Aris
Lodewijk
L
Baierl
Nida
N
Beatty
Patrick
P
Beaulieu
Catherine
C
Behnke
Torsten
T
Castegini
Roberta
R
Chauhan
Amitabh
A
Cojanis
Philip
P
Dayawansa
Pelawa
P
Diop
Marie
M
Eito
Kinya
K
Engle
Steve
S
Feretti
Stefano
S
Gassama
Hamet
H
Genova
Bojana
B
Goulding
Colin
C
Janjua
Jameel
J
Jansaeng
Thidarat
T
Jousset
Frederic
F
Kopik
Anatoly
A
Laurin
Catherine
C
Leggatt
Jason
J
Li
Hengnian
H
Mezzadri
Monica
M
Miura
Amane
A
Nolet
Simon
S
Ogami
Satoshi
S
Patry
Johanne
J
Patten
Laryssa
L
Payerne
Cyril
C
Peer
Guy
G
Prampolini
Marco
M
Rheaume
Caroline
C
Saary
Joan
J
Spehar
Daniela
D
Sufi
Atiya
A
Sun
Baosheng
B
Thompson
J Barry
JB
Thomson
Ward
W
Trautner
Roland
R
Tursunmuratov
Murat
M
Venet
Vrata
V
Wilems
Elizabeth
E
Wilson
Helen
H
Wittwer
Karl
K
Wokke
Frank
F
Wu
Yansheng
Y
Zhou
Shaobin
S
Zilioli
Ilaria
I
D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics; D003132:Commerce / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D040541:Marketing; D008422:Materials Testing; D011998:Recreation; D012106:Research; D013026:Space Flight / Q000191:economics* / Q000639:trends*; D018531:Spacecraft; D018581:Technology Transfer; D014893:Weightlessness