title: Expansion and fixation properties of a new braided biodegradable urethral stent: an experimental study in the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biodegradable spiral urethral stents have been used with favorable results combined with thermal treatments of the prostate and for recurrent urethral strictures but the configuration of the helical spiral is not ideal. We developed a new tubular mesh configuration for the biodegradable urethral stent and evaluated its expansion and locking properties in the rabbit urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stents were made of self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer (Bionx Implants, Ltd., Tampere, Finland) blended with BaSO (Alfa Chem, New York, New York) to achieve radiopacity. Two braiding patterns, that is 1 over 1 and 2 over 2 + 1, were used to produce a tubular mesh structure. Stainless steel stents (pattern 1 over 1) served as controls. The stents were inserted into the posterior urethra of 27 male rabbits. The animals were sacrificed after 1 week, 1 and 6 months, respectively. X-rays were done immediately after stent insertion and at sacrifice. Longitudinal movement and expansion were assessed on the x-rays.(4)
  
  
  RESULTS
  All stents maintained position in the urethra without fixation. Macroscopic disorientation of the structure of the 2 over 2 + 1 braided self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer stents began before 1 month, while 1 over 1 braided stents retained their construction. At 6 months 3 of 6 biodegradable stents were degraded. Average longitudinal movement was 2 mm. (range 1 to 3) in the 1 over 1 self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer group, 2 mm. (range 0 to 7) in the 2 over 2 + 1 polylactic acid group and 3 mm. (range 3 to 3) in controls at 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biodegradable polymers are suitable materials for braided urethral stents. The expansion properties of the 2 braiding models tested in this study sufficed to fix the stents in situ in the prostatic urethra. However, the 1 over 1 braiding pattern was superior to the 2 over 2 + 1 pattern, in that it retained its macroscopic construction until the degradation of single self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer fibers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaajanen
authors.forename: Juha-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nuutinen
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isotalo
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Törmälä
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Martti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talja
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011817:Rabbits; D015607:Stents; D014521:Urethra; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)