title: Influence of fever on the hypermetabolic response in burn-injured children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Burn injury typically elicits a hypermetabolic response characterized by increased energy expenditure and muscle protein catabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Fever further increases energy expenditure and muscle loss in otherwise highly hypermetabolic burn patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four children (aged 2-18 years) with burns covering 40% or more of total body surface area.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simultaneous measurements of indirect calorimetry and leg net balance of phenylalanine (as an index of muscle protein catabolism) were obtained. Patients were stratified by their rectal temperature taken at the time of these metabolic measurements: afebrile (n = 28; temperature, <39.0 degrees C); mild fever (n = 26; temperature, 39.0 degrees C-39.4 degrees C); moderate fever (n = 18; temperature, 39.5 degrees C-39.9 degrees C); or severe fever (n = 12; temperature, > or =40.0 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Febrile and afebrile patients were similar in age, body weight, and extent of burn area. Severe fever was associated with significantly increased resting energy expenditure (mean +/- SD resting energy expenditure-predicted basal, 1.38 +/- 0.39 for afebrile patients vs 1.68 +/- 0.30 for patients with severe fever; P<.05) and a greater net loss of phenylalanine from the leg (net balance of phenylalanine, -6.0 +/- 6.2 mg/min per 100 mL of leg volume for afebrile patients vs -10.8 +/- 7.2 mg/min per 100 mL for patients with severe fever; P<.05). Patient groups were similar in plasma glucose concentration and extent of leukocytosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate the association of severe fever with further increase in energy expenditure and muscle protein catabolism in otherwise hypermetabolic burned children. This suggests a possible metabolic benefit in attenuating fever in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery-Trauma, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Route 1172, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chinkes
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D002056:Burns / Q000378:metabolism*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002648:Child; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010649:Phenylalanine