title: Bridging long ureteral defects using the Yang-Monti principle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new technique for replacing the ureter based on the Yang-Monti principle is introduced to overcome the drawbacks of the classic ileal ureter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2001 and June 2002 ureteral replacement by ileum was indicated in 10 patients, including 9 with long or multiple strictures due to bilharzial (6), tuberculosis (3) and a low grade lower ureteral tumor (1). The technique involved isolation of a 5 to 7.5 cm. ileal segment, which was further subdivided into 2 or 3 equal parts. Paramesenteric incision along the longitudinal axis of these segments followed by unfolding resulted in a 12 to 18 cm. ileal strip. Tubularization of this strip led to the formation of an ileal tube with a suitable caliber. The latter was implanted into the bladder by submucosal (nonrefluxing) ileovesicostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup +/- SD was 9.6 +/- 2.4 months (range 6 to 13). Mean serum creatinine remained stable in all patients. Split kidney function (mercaptoacetyltriglycine clearance) was stable in 7 cases and improved in 3. Antegrade urography revealed dynamic unidirectional nonobstructed flow. Reflux was noted in only 1 case. Excretory urography and/or magnetic resonance urography showed excellent configuration of the substitute without evidence of dilatation or obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new technique offers certain distinct advantages. A short bowel segment is included with the consequent absence of metabolic complications. It allows construction of an ileal ureter with a suitable cross-sectional diameter without the need for tailoring and makes possible the use of an antireflux technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Bedeir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali-el-Dein
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000637:transplantation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D014567:Urography