title: HIV-1 infection among civilian applicants for US military service, 1985 to 2000: epidemiology and geography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined demographic and geographic correlates of HIV-1 prevalence among civilian applicants for US military service.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1 test results and demographic and geographic data were available for 5.3 million applicants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between October 1985 and December 2000, a total of 5,340,694 individuals applied to join one of the armed service branches of the US military. Overall, HIV-1 prevalence was 0.80 per 1000 applicants (95% CI: 0.78-0.82), with 4276 applicants testing positive for HIV-1 infection. Prevalence declined over the 16-year period from a high of 2.89 per 1000 applicants in 1985 to 0.36 per 1000 applicants in 2000. The majority of applicants (82.7%) were male, and the majority of HIV-1 cases (89.4%) occurred in men. HIV-1 prevalence was higher among African Americans (2.47/1000) and Hispanics (0.90/1000) than among white applicants (0.36/1000). HIV-1 prevalence was lowest in the West North Central region of the United States (0.33/1000) and highest in the Middle Atlantic region (1.61/1000) and Puerto Rico (3.56/1000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Civilian applicants for US military service comprise a unique cohort for following trends in the evolving HIV-1 epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, 1 Taft Court, Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. WSateren@hivresearch.org
authors.forename: Warren B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Sateren
authors.forename: Philip O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Renzullo
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Birx
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McNeil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015497:HIV-1; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008889:Military Personnel; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People