title: Adaptation of metabolism and evaporative water loss along an aridity gradient.
abstract: Broad-scale comparisons of birds indicate the possibility of adaptive modification of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total evaporative water loss (TEWL) in species from desert environments, but these might be confounded by phylogeny or phenotypic plasticity. This study relates variation in avian BMR and TEWL to a continuously varying measure of environment, aridity. We test the hypotheses that BMR and TEWL are reduced along an aridity gradient within the lark family (Alaudidae), and investigate the role of phylogenetic inertia. For 12 species of lark, BMR and TEWL decreased along a gradient of increasing aridity, a finding consistent with our proposals. We constructed a phylogeny for 22 species of lark based on sequences of two mitochondrial genes, and investigated whether phylogenetic affinity played a part in the correlation of phenotype and environment. A test for serial independence of the data for mass-corrected TEWL and aridity showed no influence of phylogeny on our findings. However, we did discover a significant phylogenetic effect in mass-corrected data for BMR, a result attributable to common phylogenetic history or to common ecological factors. A test of the relationship between BMR and aridity using phylogenetic independent constrasts was consistent with our previous analysis: BMR decreased with increasing aridity.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Laboratory, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands. i.tieleman@biol.rug.nl
authors.forename: B Irene
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Tieleman
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Paulette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bloomer
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000235:genetics; D003889:Desert Climate; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020308:Songbirds / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S