title: Erectile dysfunction risk factors in noninsulin dependent diabetic Saudi patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the prevalence of and analyzed risk factors for erectile dysfunction in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 562 male diabetic Saudi patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were screened for erectile dysfunction using the International Index of Erectile Function. At the time of screening patients were also interviewed for sociodemographic data, including age, education, occupation, marital status and smoking. Medical history included diabetes, diabetes related complications, risk factors for diabetes and erectile dysfunction, and current medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the study sample was 53.7 years (range 27 to 84). Of the patients 86.1% had various degrees of erectile dysfunction, including mild in 7.7%, moderate in 29.4% and severe in 49.1%. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 25% in patients younger than 50 years, which increased to 75% in those older than 50 years. Of those without erectile dysfunction 70% were younger and 30% were older than 50 years (p = 0.0001). Patients with a history of diabetes of greater than 10 years were 3 times as likely to report erectile dysfunction as those with a history of less than 5 years. Men with poor metabolic control were 12.2 times as likely to report erectile dysfunction as those with good metabolic control. Of diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction 53% had 1 or more diabetic related complications compared with 20.5% with no erectile dysfunction (p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erectile dysfunction is common in diabetic Saudi men. This study provides a quantitative estimate of the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its main risk factors in diabetic Saudi patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, School of medicine, Ismailia, Egypt and Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Diabetic Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: El-Sakka
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tayeb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin