Pain management content in curricula of U.S. schools of pharmacy.
OBJECTIVE
To identify individuals in schools of pharmacy in the United States who are responsible for covering the topic of pain management in courses for doctor of pharmacy students and to describe how and at what depth pain management is covered in pharmacy school curricula.


METHODS
One-time qualitative assessment.


METHODS
Schools of pharmacy in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight faculty members with the rank of professor, associate professor, or assistant professor who had been employed in their current positions for at least 2 years and who were directly involved in preparing and teaching didactic courses that address pain management.


METHODS
In-depth telephone interviews.


METHODS
Qualitative responses to open-ended interview questions.


RESULTS
While pain management was included in the curricula of all 28 schools of pharmacy, it was generally covered in a fragmented way, usually as part of presentations on diseases with pain as a prominent feature (e.g., cancer pain addressed during oncology lectures) or as part of discussions of analgesics. Only two schools offered stand-alone courses in pain management, and both of those courses were electives that were taken by an average of 15 students per year. Three-fourths of respondents believed that pain was being given too little emphasis in their schools' curricula. Palliative care and the use of medications in the treatment of cancer pain was not presented in a standardized manner, and respondents were unsure of how the subject was covered in pharmacy law classes. Instruction about the diagnosis of pain, patient assessment, and physical examination was reported as "minimal" by most respondents. Respondents perceived a need for a single, complete reference and teaching resource that would address the entire spectrum of pain management as it applies to pharmacy.


CONCLUSIONS
The topic of pain management is poorly presented and inadequately developed in the curricula of many U.S. schools of pharmacy.
Singh
Rubina M
RM
American Pharmaceutical Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. rsingh@aphanet.org
Wyant
Susan L
SL
D003479:Curriculum; D004514:Education, Pharmacy, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013663:Teaching; D014481:United States