title: A simple, low cost and non-invasive method for screening Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent investigations emphasized a high prevalence of Y-chromosome microdeletions in men having severely impaired spermatogenesis. Screening of these men is recommended prior to assisted reproduction techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to define a reliable and efficient method to detect Y-chromosome deletions in infertile men. At first the feasibility of using a cytobrush to collect buccal cells as a source of DNA was tested. Then, a multiplex PCR in accordance with European recommendations (European Andrology Academia: EAA) was compared with a commercial kit. The test population consisted of 18 infertile male patients (with a known Y-deletion). Both buccal and blood cells were used for DNA extraction. A specific DNA extraction protocol was carried out on the buccal cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 4-10 micro g of DNA were retrieved per brush, allowing for several PCR attempts. The commercial kit failed to detect an AZFa deletion. Furthermore, markers sY130, sY133 and sY153, included in the kit, are not reliable. Both false negative and false positive results were generated by the commercial kit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multiplex PCR performed pursuant to EAA recommendations is proposed. When the testing is conducted with DNA extracted from buccal cells, this protocol is simple, accurate and affordable.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital Nord, 42055 Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Aknin-Seifer
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Touraine
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lauras
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D002610:Cheek; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D017353:Gene Deletion; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000592:standards; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins; D004247:DNA