title: IL-17, produced by lymphocytes and neutrophils, is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced airway neutrophilia: IL-15 as a possible trigger.
abstract: IL-17 is a cytokine implicated in the regulation of inflammation. We investigated the role of this cytokine in neutrophil recruitment using a model of LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, LPS induced a first influx of neutrophils peaking at day 1, followed by a second wave, peaking at day 2. IL-17 levels were increased during the late phase neutrophilia (day 2), and this was concomitant with an increased number of T cells and macrophages, together with an increase of KC and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 levels in the lung tissue. Intranasal treatment with a neutralizing murine anti-IL-17 Ab inhibited the late phase neutrophilia. In the bronchoalveolar lavage cells, IL-17 mRNA was detected at days 1, 2, and 3 postchallenge, with a strong expression at day 2. This expression was associated with CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, but also with neutrophils. When challenged with LPS, despite the absence of T cells, SCID mice also developed a neutrophilic response associated with IL-17 production. In BALB/c mice, IL-15 mRNA, associated mainly with neutrophils, was evidenced 1 day after LPS challenge. In vitro, IL-15 was able to induce IL-17 release from purified spleen CD4(+) cells, but not spleen CD8(+) or airway neutrophils. We have shown that IL-17, produced mainly by CD4(+) cells, but also by neutrophils, plays a role in the mobilization of lung neutrophils following bacterial challenge. In addition, our results suggest that IL-15 could represent a physiological trigger that leads to IL-17 production following bacterial infection.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Respiratory Research Center, Wimblehurst Road, RH12 5 AB Horsham, UK.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bonneau
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trifilieff
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D019409:Interleukin-15; D020381:Interleukin-17; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger