title: Can breast-feeding protect against schizophrenia? Case-control Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human milk, unlike formula feeds, contains long-chain polyunsatured fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid which are essential in the development of the central nervous system. If human milk is the optimal food for brain development, and if schizophrenia is a neurodevelopment disorder, might people who become schizophrenic in adult life be less likely to have been breast-fed?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence and length of breast-feeding in patients, siblings and normal controls and to examine the relationship between the duration of breast-feeding and age at onset of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  113 schizophrenic patients were recruited, as were 140 siblings of the patients and 113 nonschizophrenic controls. The breast-feeding history of the patients, their siblings and controls was obtained through interviews with the mothers of the patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between groups in the incidence of breast- feeding. The duration of breast-feeding was positively correlated with the age at onset of illness (r = +0.25, p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast-feeding is no less common in those who develop schizophrenia in later life. However, breast milk might postpone the onset of the illness in schizophrenic patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balista
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: McCreadie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors