title: Effect of keratinocyte growth factor on the proliferation, clonogenic capacity and colony size of human epithelial tumour cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) on the proliferation, clonogenic capacity and colony size of low-passage human epithelial tumour cells was tested in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five tumour cell cultures derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, three cultures derived from pleural effusions of carcinomas of different origin and normal human nasal epithelial cells were analysed in passages 2-4. Expression of FGF7 and its receptor (FGFR2) were determined by the RNase protection assay. Cells were incubated with rHuKGF (10-200 ng ml(-1)) 3 days before or immediately after plating for clonal growth in serum-depleted media. To determine cellular radiosensitivity, single doses of 1-8 Gy X-rays were applied. Colony formation as well as colony size, reflecting the number of cell divisions, was determined after 10-15 days of growth in rHuKGF-treated and control cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal nasal epithelial cells showed a two- to threefold increase in the number of cell divisions due to rHuKGF-treatment. In tumour cell cultures, significant stimulation of proliferation occurred in only one of eight samples. Tumour cells expressed FGF7 mRNA and protein, and low levels of FGFR2 mRNA. The addition of rHuKGF to the medium of the tumour cell cultures influenced neither radiation-induced impairment of proliferation nor clonogenic cell survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rHuKGF has been shown to ameliorate the radiation tolerance of normal epithelia. The minimum in vitro tumour cell response to rHuKGF compared with normal epithelial cells suggests a potential for selective protection of normal epithelia during radiotherapy. The low FGFR2 expression as well as the FGF7 expression in the tumour cells may contribute to their resistance to rHuKGF treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hille
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rave-Fränk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dörr
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jäckel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidberger
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2