title: Sensitivity and specificity of rapid HIV testing of pregnant women in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efforts to prevent HIV transmission from mother to infants in settings like India may benefit from the availability of reliable methods for rapid and simple HIV screening. Data from India on the reliability of rapid HIV test kits are limited and there are no data on the use of rapid HIV tests for screening of pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic and delivery room in Pune agreed to participate in an evaluation of five rapid HIV tests, including (a) a saliva brush test (Oraquick HIV-1/2, Orasure Technologies Inc.), (b) a rapid plasma test (Oraquick HIV-1/2) and (c) three rapid finger prick tests (Oraquick HIV-1/2; HIV-1/2 Determine, Abbott; NEVA HIV-1/2 Cadila). Results of the rapid tests were compared with three commercial plasma enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests (Innotest HIV AB EIA, Lab systems/ELISCAN HIV AB EIA, UBI HIV Ab EIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between September 2000 and October 1, 2001, 1258 pregnant women were screened for HIV using these rapid tests. Forty-four (3.49%) of the specimens were HIV-antibody-positive by at least two plasma EIA tests. All of the rapid HIV tests demonstrated excellent specificity (96-100%). The sensitivity of the rapid tests ranged from 75-94%. The combined sensitivity and specificity of a two-step algorithm for rapid HIV testing was excellent for a number of combinations of the five rapid finger stick tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this relatively low HIV prevalence population of pregnant women in India, the sensitivity of the rapid HIV tests varied, when compared to a dual EIA algorithm. In general, the specificity of all the rapid tests was excellent, with very few false positive HIV tests. Based upon these data, two different rapid HIV tests for screening pregnant women in India would be highly sensitive, with excellent specificity to reliably prevent inappropriate use of antiretroviral therapy for prevention of vertical HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, BJ Medical College/Sassoon Hospital, Pune, India. shilpa_v_lele@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bhore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sastry
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patke
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupte
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bulakh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lele
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karmarkar
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrotri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pisal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suryawanshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Risbud
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Paranjape
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Phadke
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brookmeyer
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bollinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008403:Mass Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012463:Saliva; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic