title: Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on behaviour and growth of three species of amphibian larvae.
abstract: Effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on amphibian embryos have been investigated in a number of studies, but the effects on larvae have received less attention. We investigated the effects of UV-B radiation on the behaviour and growth of larvae of three amphibians (Rana arvalis, Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo) in two different experiments. First, we tested whether larvae of the three species actively avoid UV-B exposure if given a choice. We found no evidence for active avoidance of UV-B or changes in activity in the presence of UV-B in any of the species. Second, we assessed the effects of natural (1.25 kJm(-2)) and enhanced (1.58 kJm(-2)) UV-B radiation on the survival and growth of the three species and found that the exposure to UV-B radiation did not have any effect on survival rates of any of the species. However, UV-B radiation had a positive effect on the growth of R. arvalis and R. temporaria, whereas the growth of B. bufo tadpoles was unaffected by the UV-B treatments. Our results suggest that a short-term exposure to UV-B radiation does not induce any UV-B avoidance behaviour in tadpoles of these three species. Furthermore, unlike some previous studies, the results suggest that the young tadpoles of these species are not negatively affected by UV-B radiation. In fact, our results demonstrate that a moderate amount of UV-B radiation enhance tadpole growth rates in two of the three species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 d, Sweden. maarit.pahkala@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahkala
authors.forename: Anssi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurila
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merilä
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002023:Bufo bufo; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development*; D011896:Rana temporaria; D013045:Species Specificity; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*