title: Comparative study of analgesic efficacy and morphine-sparing effect of intramuscular dexketoprofen trometamol with ketoprofen or placebo after major orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multimodal analgesia is thought to produce balanced and effective postoperative pain control. A combined therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opiates could result in synergistic analgesia by acting through different mechanisms. Currently there are very few parenterally administered NSAIDs suitable for the immediate postoperative period. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the analgesic efficacy, relative potency, and safety of parenteral dexketoprofen trometamol following major orthopaedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-two patients elected for prosthetic surgery, were randomized to receive two intramuscular injections (12 hourly) of either dexketoprofen 50 mg, ketoprofen 100 mg or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Postoperatively, the patient's pain was stabilized, then they were connected to a patient- controlled analgesia system (PCA) of morphine for 24 h (1 mg with 5 min lockout).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cumulative amount of morphine (CAM) used was of 39 mg in the dexketoprofen group and 45 mg in the ketoprofen group vs 64 mg in the placebo group. (Reduction in morphine use was approximately one-third between the active compounds compared with placebo (adjusted mean difference of -25 mg between dexketoprofen and placebo and -23 mg between ketoprofen and placebo. These differences were statistically significant: P </= 0.0003; 95% CI -35, -14. Pain-intensity scores were consistently lower with the active compounds, the lowest corresponded to the dexketoprofen-treated patients. Regarding sedation, there were statistically significant differences between the two active compounds and placebo only at the 2nd and 13th hours. Wound bleeding was specifically measured with no statistically significant differences found between all the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramuscular administration of dexketoprofen trometamol 50 mg has good analgesic efficacy both in terms of opioid-sparing effect and control of pain after major orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, Pain Research Unit, London, UK. magdi.hanna@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stuart-Taylor
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buggy
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Arthurs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014325:Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine; D007660:Ketoprofen; C118296:dexketoprofen trometamol