title: Intravascular ultrasound of the elastic pulmonary arteries: a new approach for the evaluation of primary pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the structural and functional characteristics of pulmonary arteries by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in the setting of primary pulmonary hypertension, and to correlate the ultrasound findings with haemodynamic variables and mortality at follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital (tertiary referral centre).
  
  
  METHODS
  20 consecutive patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (16 female; mean (SD) age, 39 (14) years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac catheterisation and simultaneous IVUS of pulmonary artery branches at baseline and after infusion of epoprostenol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  33 pulmonary arteries with a mean diameter of 3.91 (0.80) mm were imaged, and wall thickening was observed in all cases, 64% being eccentric. Mean wall thickness was 0.37 (0.13) mm, percentage wall area 31.0 (9.3)%, pulsatility 14.6 (4.8)%, and pulmonary/elastic strain index 449 (174) mm Hg. No correlation was observed between IVUS findings and haemodynamic variables. Epoprostenol infusion increased pulsatility by 53% and decreased the pulmonary/elastic strain index by 41% (p = 0.0001), irrespective of haemodynamic changes. At 18 (12) months follow up, nine patients had died. A reduced pulsatility and an increased pulmonary/elastic strain index were associated with increased mortality at follow up (12.0 (4.4)% v 16.4 (4.4)%, p = 0.03; 369 (67) v 546 (216) mm Hg, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVUS demonstrated pulmonary artery wall abnormalities in all patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, mostly eccentric. The severity of the changes did not correlate with haemodynamic variables, and epoprostenol improved pulmonary vessel stiffness. There was an association between impaired pulmonary artery functional state as determined by IVUS and mortality at follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. joseprodes@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodés-Cabau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majó
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anívarro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tardif
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler-Soler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004548:Elasticity; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology