title: Kinematics of the heart: strain-rate imaging from time-resolved three-dimensional phase contrast MRI.
abstract: A four-dimensional mapping (three spatial dimensions + time) of myocardial strain-rate would help to describe the mechanical properties of the myocardium, which affect important physiological factors such as the pumping performance of the ventricles. Strain-rate represents the local instantaneous deformation of the myocardium and can be calculated from the spatial gradients of the velocity field. Strain-rate has previously been calculated using one-dimensional (ultrasound) or two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic resonance imaging) techniques. However, this assumes that myocardial motion only occurs in one direction or in one plane, respectively. This paper presents a method for calculation of the time-resolved three-dimensional (3-D) strain-rate tensor using velocity vector information in a 3-D spatial grid during the whole cardiac cycle. The strain-rate tensor provides full information of both magnitude and direction of the instantaneous deformation of the myocardium. A method for visualization of the full 3-D tensor is also suggested. The tensors are visualized using ellipsoids, which display the principal directions of strain-rate and the ratio between strain-rate magnitude in each direction. The presented method reveals the principal strain-rate directions without a priori knowledge of myocardial motion directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden. pernilla.selskog@imt.liu.se
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selskog
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heiberg
authors.forename: Tino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebbers
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wigström
authors.forename: Matts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009200:Myocardial Contraction