title: The proton transfer step catalyzed by yeast pyruvate kinase.
abstract: The nature of the proton donor to the C-3 of the enolate of pyruvate, the intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by yeast pyruvate kinase, was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and physical and kinetic analyses. Thr-298 is correctly located to function as the proton donor. T298S and T298A were constructed and purified. Both mutants are catalytically active with a decrease in k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m)(,PEP). Mn(2+)-activated T298S and T298A do not exhibit homotropic kinetic cooperativity with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in the absence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, although PEP binding to enzyme-Mn(2+) is cooperative. The pH dependence of k(cat) for T298A indicates the loss of pK(a)(,2) = 6.4-6.9. Thr-298 affects the ionization (pK(a) approximately 6.5) responsible for modulation of k(cat). Fluorescence studies show altered dissociation constants of ligands to each enzyme complex upon Thr-298 mutations. The rates of the phosphoryl transfer and proton transfer steps in the pyruvate kinase-catalyzed reaction are altered; pyruvate enolization is affected to a greater extent. Proton inventory studies demonstrate solvent isotope effects on k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m)(,PEP). Fractionation factors are metal-dependent and significantly <1. The data suggest that a water molecule in a water channel is the direct proton donor to enolpyruvate and that Thr-298 affects a late step in catalysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Susan-Resiga
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002384:Catalysis; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011522:Protons; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D011522:Protons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase