title: Phylogeny of the Dipsacales s.l. based on chloroplast trnL-F and ndhF sequences.
abstract: Sequences of the chloroplast trnL-F region and 3(') end ndhF gene were used to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and the delimitation of families within Dipsacales s.l. Parsimony analyses of individual and combined data were conducted using maximum parsimony method. The most parsimonious tree based on combined trnL-F and 3(') end ndhF data set recognizes seven major clades of Dipsacales s.l. with the following relationships: Apiales (Adoxaceae ((Diervillaceae, Caprifoliaceae s.str.) (Linnaeaceae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae))))). Both Sambucus and Viburnum have close relationships with Adoxaceae, supporting their inclusion in this family. Caprifoliaceae s.l. (excluding Sambucus and Viburnum) is polyphyletic, and comprises three clades or families, i.e., Linnaeaceae (Abelia, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, and Linnaea), Diervillaceae (Weigela and Diervilla) and Caprifoliaceae s.str. (Heptacodium, Leycesteria, Lonicera, Symphoricarpos, and Triosteum). This study focuses on the systematic position of Heptacodium, Triplostegia, and Morinaceae; and suggests that Heptacodium is closely related to the other Caprifoliaceae s.str.; Triplostegia is a sister to Dipsacaceae; Morinaceae, which has an affinity with Dipsacaceae, is possibly a sister group with Dipsacaceae-Valerianaceae clade. Our results are highly congruent with those of and.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Heng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Duan
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hu-Biao
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yan-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D008954:Models, Biological; D010473:Perciformes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods