title: The chondrocyte.
abstract: The chondrocyte is the resident cell of cartilage that is a prominent tissue in the embryo acting as a template for the development of skeletal elements. In the adult, the distribution of permanent cartilage is much more restricted and is necessary for mechanical support, growth and movement. The cell is isolated within a voluminous extracellular matrix (ECM) that is neither vascularised nor innervated. As a result, nutrient/waste exchange occurs through diffusion and, consequently, under normal and pathological conditions, the cell is unique in its ability to exist in a low oxygen tension environment. Partly as a result of these properties, the tissue has a low reparative potential that, in the case of articular cartilage, predisposes the tissue to degenerative conditions such as arthritis that is a significant clinical problem. Cellfacts. Cytoplasmically isolated. High matrix/cell volume ratio. Do not divide after skeletal maturity unless during pathology. Major contributor to growth of the body. Most energy requirements obtained through glycolysis.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, CF10 3US, Cardiff, UK. archer@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francis-West
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen