title: EGF signaling patterns the feather array by promoting the interbud fate.
abstract: Feather buds form sequentially in a hexagonal array. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling from the feather bud inhibits bud formation in the adjacent interbud tissue, but whether interbud fate and patterning is actively promoted by BMP or other factors is unclear. We show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling acts positively to establish interbud identity. EGF and the active EGF receptor (EGFR) are expressed in the interbud regions. Exogenous EGF stimulates epidermal proliferation and expands interbud gene expression, with a concurrent loss of feather bud gene expression and morphology. Conversely, EGFR inhibitors result in the loss of interbud fate and increased acquisition of feather bud fate. EGF signaling acts directly on the epidermis and is independent of BMP signaling. The timing of competence to interpret interbud-promoting signals occurs at an earlier developmental stage than previously anticipated. These data demonstrate that EGFR signaling actively promotes interbud identity.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. l-niswander@ski.mskcc.org
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Atit
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niswander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002455:Cell Division; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D004817:Epidermis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005241:Feathers / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine