title: Insulin- and exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose uptake in obese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin resistance in obese subjects results in the impaired use of glucose by insulin-sensitive tissues, e.g., skeletal muscle. In the present study, we determined whether insulin resistance in obesity is associated with an impaired ability of exercise to stimulate muscle blood flow, oxygen delivery, or glucose uptake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine obese (body mass index = 36 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) and 11 age-matched nonobese men (body mass index = 22 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) performed one-legged isometric exercise during hyperinsulinemia. Rates of femoral muscle blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose uptake were measured simultaneously in both legs using [(15)O]H(2)O, [(15)O]O(2), [(18)F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose, and positron emission tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obese subjects exhibited resistance to insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in resting muscle, regardless of whether glucose uptake was expressed per kilogram of femoral muscle mass (p = 0.001) or per the total mass of quadriceps femoris muscle. At similar workloads, oxygen consumption, blood flow, and glucose uptake were lower in the obese than the nonobese subjects when expressed per kilogram of muscle, but similar when expressed per quadriceps femoris muscle mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that obesity is characterized by insulin resistance of glucose uptake in resting skeletal muscle regardless of how glucose uptake is expressed. When compared with nonobese individuals at similar absolute workloads and under identical hyperinsulinemic conditions, the ability of exercise to increase muscle oxygen uptake, blood flow, and glucose uptake per muscle mass is blunted in obese insulin-resistant subjects. However, these defects are compensated for by an increase in muscle mass.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre and. Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hällsten
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yki-Järvinen
authors.forename: Pauliina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peltoniemi
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Oikonen
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takala
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Geremia B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bolli
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knuuti
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015444:Exercise; D005215:Fasting; D005269:Femur; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose