title: Trends in the surgical management of ischemic mitral regurgitation.
abstract: The surgical approach to ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) remains a topic of considerable controversy. Will coronary artery bypass alone suffice, or should the valve be intervened upon? The poor late survival of patients with IMR is well recognized, but it remains unknown if this can be altered by addressing the valve directly. And if surgery is undertaken, should the valve be repaired or replaced? The underlying mechanisms of IMR remain incompletely understood, and although current theory focuses on the role of alterations in ventricular geometry in its pathogenesis, IMR is most often addressed by annuloplasty alone. Is this sufficient, or does the ventricle itself require "remodeling?" The debate is confounded by imprecise terminology that fails to distinguish between acute and chronic disease, and active ischemia from completed infarction. Available clinical information is from retrospective studies with all of their inherent limitations and potential for bias. Still, progress is being made as increasing attention is focused on this clinically important entity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Chad E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hamner
authors.forename: Thoralf M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sundt
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000639:trends*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology