title: Prognostic value of MCM2 immunoreactivity in stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the heterogeneous biologic behavior of stage T1 bladder carcinomas, there is a need for new markers allowing to assess the prognosis more accurately. To our knowledge, there are no reports on studies investigating minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) expression in bladder carcinomas. Thus, we investigated the prognostic value of MCM2 immunoreactivity in stage T1 bladder tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four tumors were analyzed using Biochip microarrays. Also p53 and Ki67 antigen expression were examined. Immunohistochemical scores were compared with the clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 43 months, tumor recurrence was registered in 43 and progression to stage T2 in 19 patients. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that high-level MCM2 expression was significantly associated with early tumor recurrence when using a cutoff of 60% (p=0.0035 by log-rank test), and with early tumor progression when using a cutoff of 20% (p=0.0454). There was no relationship (p=0.604) between MCM2 and p53, but a tendentious relationship (p=0.082) between MCM2 and Ki67 antigen expression. MCM2 (p=0.006), Ki67 antigen (p=0.035) and p53 expression (p=0.049) as well as tumor grade (p=0.026) and age (p=0.025) were found significantly associated with recurrence-free survival by univariate Cox regression analysis, among which only Ki67 antigen expression (p=0.015) and age (p=0.019) proved to be of independent predictive value by multivariate analysis. Concerning tumor progression, MCM2 expression was identified as the only predictive parameter by log-rank test, but it was not of independent predictive value by multivariate analysis (p=0.101).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that MCM2 expression may bear some prognostic relevance in stage T1 bladder carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538, Lübeck, Germany. krueger@patho.mu-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thorns
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stöcker
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller-Kunert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böhle
authors.forename: Alfred C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Feller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D064111:Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2