title: Therapeutic angiogenesis: protein-based therapy for coronary artery disease.
abstract: Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising treatment for ischaemic heart disease, particularly for patients who are not candidates for current methods of revascularisation. The goal of angiogenic therapy is the relief of symptoms of coronary artery disease and improvement of cardiac function by increasing perfusion to the ischaemic myocardium. Angiogenic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor have been studied extensively in preclinical studies. Protein-based therapy with these growth factors has produced functionally significant angiogenesis in several animal models. Enthusiasm following these preclinical results led the way to clinical trials, which so far have shown only modest improvements in myocardial perfusion and clinical outcome. The attenuated angiogenic response to growth factor therapy observed in patients with coronary artery disease may be related to associated conditions such as endothelial dysfunction, regimens of single as opposed to multiple angiogenic agents and inefficiency of current delivery modalities, as illustrated by the disappointing results of the Phase II clinical trials using intravascular techniques of administration. The ultimate role angiogenesis will play clinically in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease will be determined by adequately powered, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that include multi-agent angiogenic therapy and intramyocardial methods of delivery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Dana 801, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Tanveer A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sellke
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Laham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor