title: Differentiation and anaerobiosis in standing liquid cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor.
abstract: Streptomyces coelicolor differentiates on solid agar media by forming aerial hyphae that septate into spores. We here show that differentiation also occurs in standing liquid minimal media. After a period of submerged growth, hyphae migrate to the air interface, where they become fixed by a rigid reflecting film. Colonies that result from these hyphae form sporulating aerial hyphae. In addition, submerged hyphae in the liquid minimal medium may attach to the surface. Liquid standing cultures easily become anoxic only 1 to 2 mm below the surface. Yet, biomass increases, implying the existence of metabolic pathways supporting anaerobic growth.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geertje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Keulen
authors.forename: Henk M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Claessen
authors.forename: Lubbert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dijkhuizen
authors.forename: Han A B
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Wösten
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003470:Culture Media; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media