title: Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To see whether mortality among men with angina can be reduced by dietary advice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled factorial trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male patients of general practitioners in south Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3114 men under 70 y of age with angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly allocated to four groups: (1) advised to eat two portions of oily fish each week, or to take three fish oil capsules daily; (2) advised to eat more fruit, vegetables and oats; (3) given both the above types of advice; and (4) given no specific dietary advice. Mortality was ascertained after 3-9 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance was better with the fish advice than with the fruit advice. All-cause mortality was not reduced by either form of advice, and no other effects were attributable to fruit advice. Risk of cardiac death was higher among subjects advised to take oily fish than among those not so advised; the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.00, 1.58; P=0.047), and even greater for sudden cardiac death (1.54; 95% CI 1.06, 2.23; P=0.025). The excess risk was largely located among the subgroup given fish oil capsules. There was no evidence that it was due to interactions with medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advice to eat more fruit was poorly complied with and had no detectable effect on mortality. Men advised to eat oily fish, and particularly those supplied with fish oil capsules, had a higher risk of cardiac death. This result is unexplained; it may arise from risk compensation or some other effect on patients' or doctors' behaviour.
authors.affiliation: University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. michael.burr@bro-taf-ha.wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Burr
authors.forename: P A L
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ashfield-Watt
authors.forename: F D J
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fehily
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Breay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zotos
authors.forename: N A A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Haboubi
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elwood
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D018554:Avena; D004032:Diet; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D014852:Wales; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D019207:beta Carotene; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid