title: Changes of biochemical markers and functional tests for clot formation during long-haul flights.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-haul flights have been suggested to be associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic events. Until now, changes in the coagulation system during an actual flight have not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  To explore whether any changes occur in the coagulation system during a real long-haul flight molecular markers for coagulation and fibrinolysis were measured in 20 volunteers (10 subjects with a low and 10 with a moderate risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE)) during and after a return flight from Vienna to Washington. In addition, functional measurements of coagulation were performed using activated thrombelastography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombelastographic measurements revealed activation of coagulation in all passengers, who showed an increased activity of FVII and FVIII as well as suppressed fibrinolysis. There was no evidence of a pronounced thrombin and fibrin formation. We did not find any differences between both groups concerning coagulation changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-haul flights induce a certain activation of the coagulation system. This activated coagulation could be a risk factor for VTE during long-haul flights mainly when other risk factors are present.
authors.affiliation: Department for General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. wolfgang.schobersberger@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schobersberger
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittermayr
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Innerhofer
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sumann
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schobersberger
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klingler
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stöllnberger
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: Hanns Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gunga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013916:Thrombelastography; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005167:Factor VII; D005169:Factor VIII