title: Ancillary community pharmacy services provided to older people in a largely rural and ethnically diverse region: a survey of consumers in West Texas.
abstract: Little is known about the quality of pharmacy services provided to the rural elderly population. This exploratory study examines rural/urban and ethnic differences in perceived access to ancillary pharmacy services among elderly people. Two telephone surveys were conducted using directory listings in West Texas to generate a longitudinal sample. Persons aged 65 years and older who were not cognitively impaired were asked to complete the survey. The number of participants in both rounds of the survey was 3,689. Seven ancillary pharmacy services were examined: delivery of medications, medication counseling, written medication information, blood pressure monitoring, blood glucose monitoring, osteoporosis screening, and immunization. The sample was stratified by county of residence (urban, rural, or frontier) and racial/ethnic background. Chi-square tests were performed to detect rural/urban and racial/ethnic differences in access to the seven ancillary services. The association between proficiency in English and access to the services was also examined. Rural residents were more likely than urban residents to report that their pharmacies provide delivery of medications, medication counseling, and immunization services, but they were less likely than their urban counterparts to report that their pharmacies provide blood pressure monitoring. Access to ancillary pharmacy services was reported as poorer by older Hispanic people compared with non-Hispanics. Deficiency in English was significantly related to inequality in reported access to ancillary pharmacy services. It is essential to consider the special needs of rural and Hispanic elderly people to ensure equitable access to ancillary pharmacy services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research and Management, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Room 1C165, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. somktx@ttuhsc.edu
authors.forename: K Tom
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rojas-Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D013781:Texas; D014505:Urban Population