title: Possible impedance of luminal reepithelialization by tracheal cartilage metalloproteinases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rapid reepithelialization of respiratory epithelium after injury to the large conducting airway (eg, trachea and bronchus) is poor. Our laboratory has developed an in vitro model of the trachea that allows us to examine reepithelialization in a complex culture system. We previously described how the presence of cartilage inhibited respiratory epithelial cell (REC) migration/proliferation. In the present study, we examined the effect of cartilage-conditioned medium (CCM) on REC proliferation. We hypothesized that a potential cause of delayed reepithelialization of the large conducting airway after injury could be excessive or aberrant secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed cartilage-derived MMP production and effects on REC proliferation by adding CCM to primary cultures of porcine RECs on type I collagen and determining the cell number and viability. Cartilage-conditioned medium-derived MMP activity was determined by means of gelatin zymography in pooled samples from different times during in vitro cartilage culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected MMP-2 and a small amount of MMP-9 in CCM. Enzyme activity was abolished by EDTA, confirming MMP identity. Cartilage-conditioned medium inhibited REC attachment and proliferation. Addition of the MMP inhibitor GM6001 to cartilage cultures yielded CCM that did not inhibit REC growth, indicating a role for cartilage-derived MMPs in modulating REC proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cartilage production and activity of MMP after injury to the large conducting airway may be a factor in the failure of luminal reepithelialization, resulting in aberrant repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sigurdson
authors.forename: Tuhina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubenfeld
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hard
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gardella
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Wesley L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases