title: Why do physicians think parents expect antibiotics? What parents report vs what physicians believe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between parent expectations for antibiotics, parent communication behaviors, and physicians' perceptions of parent expectations for antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested cross-sectional study with parallel measures of parents presenting children for acute respiratory infections (previsit) and physicians (postvisit) and audiotaping of the encounters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten physicians in 2 private pediatric practices (1 community-based and 1 university-based) and a consecutive sample of 306 eligible parents (response rate, 86%) who were attending sick visits for their children between October 1996 and March 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communication behaviors used by parents expecting antibiotics and physicians' perceptions of parents' expectations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents' use of "candidate diagnoses" during problem presentation increased the likelihood that physicians would perceive parents as expecting antibiotics (from 29% to 47%; P=.04), as did parents' use of "resistance to the diagnosis" (an increase from 7% to 20%). In the multivariate model, parents' use of candidate diagnoses increased the odds that a doctor would perceive a parental expectation for antibiotics by more than 5 times (odds ratio, 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.74-7.31; Plt.001), and parents' use of resistance to a viral diagnosis increased these odds by nearly 3 times (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.97-3.79; Plt.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents perceived as expecting antibiotics may be seeking reassurance that their child is not seriously ill or that they were correct to obtain medical care. Physicians were significantly more likely to perceive parents as expecting antibiotics if they used certain communication behaviors. This study revealed an incongruity between parents' reported expectations, their communication behaviors, and physicians' perceptions of parents' expectations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1752, USA. tstivers@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stivers
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangione-Smith
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heritage
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010372:Pediatrics; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012938:Social Perception
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents