title: Fast supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection for multiresidue screening of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Brazil's medicinal plants.
abstract: A description is given of a rapid and environmentally friendly method to determine organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide multiresidues--malathion, methidathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, parathion-ethyl, parathion-methyl, lindane, hexachlorobenzene, chlorothalonil, tetradifon, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and dieldrin-in Passiflora alata Dryander and pasiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg. leaves by supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection (HRGC-ECD/FPD). The mild extraction conditions [pure CO2; 100 bar (1 bar = 10(5) Pa) and 40 degrees C (p = 0.62 g/ml); 5 min static+10 min dynamic extraction time; ODS trap and elution with 1 ml n-hexane at 2 ml/min] allow for direct analysis by HRGC-ECD/FPD with no prior cleaning procedure. The method provides. in accordance with the validation criteria of the European Pharmacopoeia, analytical results that are similar or even better than the official procedures, and is simpler, faster and cheaper. Mean recoveries of 69.8-107.1% were obtained, with 1.4-14.7% reproducibility (RSD). The method was applied to analyse commercial samples of Passiflora L. from Brazil. Twenty-three percent of the samples showed the presence of the organochlorine or organophosphorus pesticide residue investigated.
authors.affiliation: Istituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 780, 13560-970 São Carlos (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Zuin
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yariwake
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bicchi
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D029598:Passiflora / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues