title: Control of particle size by coagulation of novel condensation aerosols in reservoir chambers.
abstract: The coagulation growth behavior of capillary aerosol generator (CAG) condensation aerosols was investigated in a series of reservoir chambers. Aerosols consisted of a condensed system of 0.7% w/w benzil (model drug) in propylene glycol (vehicle). These were generated into 250-, 500-, 1,000-, and 2,000-mL reservoirs in both flowing air-stream and static air experiments. Changes in drug and total aerosol particle size were measured by a MOUDI cascade impactor. In both series of experiments the CAG aerosols grew in size. Growth in flowing air-stream experiments was attributed to the amount of accumulation aerosols experienced in reservoirs during sampling and increased with increasing reservoir volume. Mean (SD) MMAD's for the total mass distribution measured for the 250- and 2,000-mL reservoirs were 0.70 (0.02) and 0.87 (0.03) microm, respectively. For the benzil mass distribution, they were 0.64 (0.02) and 0.87 (0.06) microm, respectively. Growth in static air experiments was dependent on the volume aerosol boluses were restricted to and increased with decreasing reservoir volume. Mean (SD) initial MMAD's for the benzil mass distribution for the 250- and 2,000-mL reservoirs were 1.44 (0.03) and 1.24 (0.08) microm, respectively. Holding aerosols for up to 60 sec further increased their size. Mean (SD) MMAD's for benzil after holding for 60 sec in these reservoirs were 2.28 (0.04) and 1.67 (0.09) microm, respectively. The coagulation behavior and therefore particle size of CAG aerosols may be modified and controlled by reservoir chambers for drug targeting within the respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: Aerosol Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0533, USA.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindle
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Byron
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004867:Equipment Design; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010658:Phenylglyoxal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D010658:Phenylglyoxal; C006697:benzil