title: Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.
abstract: The 3,308,274-bp sequence of the chromosome of Lactobacillus plantarum strain WCFS1, a single colony isolate of strain NCIMB8826 that was originally isolated from human saliva, has been determined, and contains 3,052 predicted protein-encoding genes. Putative biological functions could be assigned to 2,120 (70%) of the predicted proteins. Consistent with the classification of L. plantarum as a facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium, the genome encodes all enzymes required for the glycolysis and phosphoketolase pathways, all of which appear to belong to the class of potentially highly expressed genes in this organism, as was evident from the codon-adaptation index of individual genes. Moreover, L. plantarum encodes a large pyruvate-dissipating potential, leading to various end-products of fermentation. L. plantarum is a species that is encountered in many different environmental niches, and this flexible and adaptive behavior is reflected by the relatively large number of regulatory and transport functions, including 25 complete PTS sugar transport systems. Moreover, the chromosome encodes >200 extracellular proteins, many of which are predicted to be bound to the cell envelope. A large proportion of the genes encoding sugar transport and utilization, as well as genes encoding extracellular functions, appear to be clustered in a 600-kb region near the origin of replication. Many of these genes display deviation of nucleotide composition, consistent with a foreign origin. These findings suggest that these genes, which provide an important part of the interaction of L. plantarum with its environment, form a lifestyle adaptation region in the chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands. genome@WCFS.nl
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleerebezem
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boekhorst
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Kranenburg
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: Oscar P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leer
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarchini
authors.forename: Sander A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Hans M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sandbrink
authors.forename: Mark W E J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fiers
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stiekema
authors.forename: René M Klein
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lankhorst
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: Sally M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hoffer
authors.forename: Masja N Nierop
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerkhoven
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ursing
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: Roland J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siezen
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018741:Replication Origin
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon