title: Addition of exogenous cytokines in mixed lymphocyte culture for selecting related donors for bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mixed lymphocyte culturing has led to conflicting opinions regarding the selection of donors for bone marrow transplantation. The association between a positive mixed lymphocyte culture and the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is unclear. The use of exogenous cytokines in mixed lymphocyte cultures could be an alternative for increasing the sensitivity of culture tests.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To increase the sensitivity of mixed lymphocyte cultures between donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical siblings, using exogenous cytokines, in order to predict post-transplantation GVHD and/or rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with hematological malignancies and their respective donors selected for bone marrow transplantation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard and modified mixed lymphocyte culturing by cytokine supplementation was carried out using donor and recipient cells typed for HLA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous and allogenic responses in mixed lymphocyte cultures after the addition of IL-4 or IL-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with the standard method, average responses in the modified mixed lymphocyte cultures increased by a factor of 2.0 using IL-4 (p < 0.001) and 6.4 using IL-2 (p < 0.001), for autologous donor culture responses. For donor-versus-recipient culture responses, the increase was by a factor of 1.9 using IL-4 (p < 0.001) and 4.1 using IL-2 (p < 0.001). For donor-versus-unrelated culture responses, no significant increase was observed using IL-4, and a mean response inhibition of 20% was observed using IL-2 (p < 0.001). Neither of the cytokines produced a significant difference in the unrelated control versus recipient cell responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-4 supplementation was the best for increasing the mixed lymphocyte culture sensitivity. However, IL-4 also increased autologous responses, albeit less intensively than IL-2. Thus, with this loss of specificity we believe that it is not worth modifying the traditional mixed lymphocyte culture method, even with IL-4 addition.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. jelvisentainer@ibest.com.br
authors.forename: Jeane Eliete Laguila
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Visentainer
authors.forename: Sofia Rocha
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: L gia Beatriz Lopes
authors.initials: Lg
authors.lastname: Persoli
authors.forename: Afonso Celso
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vigorito
authors.forename: Francisco Jos Penteado
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Aranha
authors.forename: C rmino Antonio de
authors.initials: Cr
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma