title: Effect of short-term administration of garlic supplements on single-dose ritonavir pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of acute dosing of garlic supplements on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers (five male, five female) were equally randomized in a crossover design to receive 400 mg of a single dose of ritonavir within 10 min after eating breakfast either alone or with 10 mg of Natural Source Odourless Garlic. They received a total of eight doses of garlic extract (2 x 5 mg capsules) taken twice daily for 4 days. Ritonavir and the seventh garlic dose were administered simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coadministration of garlic nonsignificantly decreased area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0, infinity )) by -17% (90% confidence interval (CI), -31% to 0%; range -46% to 68%) and peak plasma concentration of ritonavir by -1% (90% CI, -25% to 31%; range -51% to 136%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute dosing of the garlic capsules over 4 days did not significantly alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir in healthy volunteers. Given the complex effects of both ritonavir and garlic on drug metabolism, the results of our study should not be extrapolated to steady-state conditions, where the possibility of an interaction still needs to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Unit, The Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. kgallicano@axelson.net
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallicano
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Shurjeel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhri
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; D019438:Ritonavir