title: Caseinphosphopeptides in milk and fermented milk do not affect calcium metabolism acutely in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caseinphosphopeptides (CPPs) are formed in food processing or during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. CPPs prevent the formation of insoluble calcium salts; thus, the hypothesis is that CPPs increase the absorption of calcium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effect of additional caseinphosphopeptides in milk and fermented milk on acute calcium metabolism by measuring intact PTH (iPTH), ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) from serum, and 24-hour calcium from urine (U-Ca).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of two separate parts, both applying a double-blind randomized crossover study with two interventions, in nine postmenopausal women. The acute effect on calcium metabolism was analysed by measuring iPTH, iCa, Ca and P from serum during the first six hours after the administration of the study milks. U-Ca was analysed 24 hours prior to the study and 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the administration of the study milks. The study included two parts, both consisting of two study days with a one-week washout period in between. In the first part the effect of control milk and CPP-enriched milk was measured. The second part evaluated the effect of fermentation by giving subjects milk or fermented milk, both enriched with CPPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first part of the study there were no statistically significant differences in iPTH, iCa, Ca, P or U-Ca between the groups receiving control milk compared to CPP-containing milk. There was no difference in the AUC((0-6)) of iCa and iPTH. In the second part, fermentation did not affect calcium metabolism, when results from the CPP-enriched milk and CPP-enriched fermented milk groups were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One gram of caseinphosphopeptides does not affect calcium metabolism acutely in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Valio Research Centre, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mirkka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narva
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kärkkäinen
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poussa
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamberg-Allardt
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010748:Phosphopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010748:Phosphopeptides; D002118:Calcium