title: A molecular variant of angiotensinogen is associated with idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with failed maternal physiologic changes such as abnormal spiral artery remodeling and reduced maternal blood volume. A polymorphism of angiotensinogen Thr235 has been considered a risk factor for preeclampsia. We genotyped maternal and fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for angiotensinogen Thr235 to estimate whether the polymorphism is also a risk factor for intrauterine growth restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined maternal blood DNA in 174 patients with intrauterine growth restriction and 60 patients with both preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. The control group comprised 400 consecutive cases of women with term pregnancies and infants with birth weight between the fifth and 95th percentiles. We also examined 162 DNA samples from fetal blood with intrauterine growth restriction for the Thr235 polymorphism, and 240 normal fetuses were used as the control group. The angiotensinogen genotype was determined using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction. The products were size fractionated on an agarose gel. Angiotensinogen genotypes were divided into three groups: MM (homozygous for angiotensinogen Met235 allele), TT (homozygous for angiotensinogen Thr235 allele), and MT (heterozygous).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal genotyping revealed a significantly higher Thr235 allele frequency in intrauterine growth restriction (.60) and preeclampsia/intrauterine growth restriction (.63) than in the control group (.36) (P <.001). Fetal genotyping revealed a Thr235 allele frequency of.59 in intrauterine growth restriction fetuses, as compared with the control group (.38) (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal and fetal angiotensinogen Thr235 genotypes are associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction in our study population. The angiotensinogen Thr235 allele may predispose women to deliver growth-restricted fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Xiu Quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dizon-Townson
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen