title: Determinants of fracture risk in osteoporosis.
abstract: Osteoporosis is a major public health issue, with fragility fractures of the hip, vertebrae, and distal radius considered the most important consequences. These lead to increased morbidity, mortality, hospital care, and dependency. The risk factors for the development of fragility fractures are numerous and involve genetic and environmental influences, as well as an interaction between the two. In this review, the recent literature examining genetic factors, possible candidate genes, the evolving area of intrauterine fetal programming, and anthropometric and environmental factors will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: The MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D003094:Collagen