title: Assessment of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis: effect of interferon treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic viral hepatitis and its treatment with interferon (IFN) have an impact on patients' quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of depression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis before and during IFN therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study group comprised 132 patients, 38 with chronic hepatitis C (26 males, 12 females), 36 with chronic hepatitis B (29 males, 7 females), and 58 individuals with no chronic disease (24 males, 34 females). Depression was assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the corresponding SDS index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients with viral hepatitis and healthy controls had similar SDS indexes. During treatment, a significant increase in the SDS index was observed in both HBV and HCV patients (p < 0.001), which returned to the baseline levels after treatment. During IFN therapy, the SDS indexes were higher in HCV compared to HBV patients and women compared to men (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively), and there was a >5- fold increased frequency to develop severe depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-induced depression occurs more frequently in HCV than HBV patients and in women than men. Monitoring during treatment is mandatory in order to maximize treatment adherence.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Medicine, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskinas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merkouraki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manesis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadziyannis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin