title: Specific expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the synovium of the diseased temporomandibular joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) specimens obtained arthroscopically from diseased TMJs was investigated by using immunohistochemistry and compared with clinical, arthroscopic, and histologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial biopsies were obtained arthroscopically from 18 TMJs in 15 patients with symptomatic internal derangement (ID) or osteoarthritis (OA). We also obtained arthroscopic biopsies from 8 control TMJs (3 with habitual luxation of the mandible, one with ID with clicking, and 4 with mandibular condyle fractures). The expression of iNOS was examined by immunohistochemistry and was compared with clinical, arthroscopic, and histologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Definite or intense iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in both the synovial lining cells and the endothelial cells of TMJs with symptomatic ID or OA. Weaker immunoreactivity was present in synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, in TMJs without synovitis (eg, those with habitual luxation of the mandible) the expression of iNOS was weak or marginal. The expression of iNOS correlated significantly with arthroscopic evidence of synovitis (r = 0.406, P <.05) but not with cartilaginous degeneration (P >.05). The expression of iNOS also correlated with the histologic grade of the synovial lining cell layers (r = 0.530, P <.05). However, in patients with ID or OA of the TMJ, there was no statistically significant correlation between the intensity of iNOS immunoreactivity and clinical, arthroscopic, or histologic findings (P >.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data clearly suggest that nitric oxide is locally produced in the synovial lining of the TMJ in ID and OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan. tetsu@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Toshirou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000201:enzymology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000201:enzymology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II