title: Protein products of human Gas2-related genes on chromosomes 17 and 22 (hGAR17 and hGAR22) associate with both microfilaments and microtubules.
abstract: The human Gas2-related gene on chromosome 22 (hGAR22) encodes two alternatively spliced mRNA species. The longer mRNA encodes a protein with a deduced molecular mass of 36.3 kDa (GAR22alpha), whereas the shorter mRNA encodes a larger protein with a deduced molecular mass of 72.6 kDa (GAR22beta). We show that both hGAR22 proteins contain a calponin homology actin-binding domain and a Gas2-related microtubule-binding domain. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we have cloned the mouse orthologue of hGAR22, mGAR22, and found its protein products to be extremely well conserved. We also report the cDNA cloning of a human Gas2-related gene on chromosome 17 (hGAR17). hGAR17 also encodes two protein isoforms. The overall cytoskeletal binding properties of the hGAR17 and hGAR22 proteins are remarkably similar. hGAR17 mRNA expression is limited to skeletal muscle. Although hGAR22 and mGAR22 mRNAs are expressed nearly ubiquitously, mGAR22 protein can only be detected in testis and brain. Furthermore, only the beta isoform is present in these tissues. GAR22beta expression is induced in a variety of cultured cells by growth arrest. The absolute amounts of GAR22beta protein expressed are low. The beta isoforms of hGAR17 and hGAR22 appear to be able to crosslink microtubules and microfilaments in transfected cells. This finding suggests that the physiological functions of these proteins may involve integration of these two components of the cytoskeleton.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goriounov
authors.forename: Conrad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Ronald K H
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Liem
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics*; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C490936:GAS2 protein, human; C490934:GAS2L1 protein, human; C099165:Gas2 protein, mouse; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger