title: Secondary lymphoid organ chemokines are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid during central nervous system inflammation.
abstract: Secondary lymphoid organ chemokines have been implicated in chronic inflammation. Their expression in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been studied. Here, levels of secondary lymphoid organ chemokines CCL19 (Exodus-3, MIP-3beta), CCL21 (Exodus-2, 6Ckine, SLC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) were analysed by ELISA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); acute optic neuritis (ON) with oligoclonal IgG in the CSF (i.e., first bout of MS); acute ON without oligoclonal IgG (non-MS-type ON); other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND); and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). NIND CSF contained CCL19 and CXCL12, while CCL21 was not detected. Intrathecal production of CCL19 and CCL21 was elevated in MS, MS-type ON, and OIND, but not in non-MS-type ON. In MS, CSF levels of CCL19 weakly correlated with CSF cell counts. Intrathecal production of CXCL12 was elevated only in OIND. The role of elevated CCL19 and CCL21 in MS could be retention of mature dendritic cells (DC) in the CNS, recruitment of nai;ve T cells and activated B cells, as well as de novo formation of secondary lymphoid structures in MS plaques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroimmunology, Karolinska Institute, Bipontus Building, Box 4, Alfred Nobels Allé 10, SE-14183, Stockholm, Sweden. Mikhail.Pashenkov@neurotec.ki.se
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pashenkov
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Söderström
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Link
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C515460:CCL19 protein, human; C515478:CCL21 protein, human; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054415:Chemokine CCL19; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC