title: Longitudinal follow-up of TTS-fentanyl use in patients with cancer-related pain: results of a compassionate-use study with special focus on elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This open compassionate-use prospective registration study evaluated the tolerability, ease of use and applied doses of transdermal (TTS) fentanyl in adult patients with cancer-related pain requiring strong opioid analgesia. Elderly patients were particularly focussed on.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previous pain medication was converted to an appropriate dose of TTS-fentanyl. Immediate-release morphine rescue medication was allowed as needed for breakthrough pain. Dose adjustments of TTS-fentanyl, rescue morphine requirements, the ease of use and side-effects were assessed monthly, with special emphasis paid to the severity of constipation and the use of laxatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 663 patients with cancer-related pain, including 8% opioid-naive patients, were enrolled; 661 patients used at least 1 patch of TTS-fentanyl. Of these, 455 subjects were assessed at baseline and at 1 post-baseline visit at least. Individual treatment ranged from a few days to 2 1/2 years; TTS-fentanyl doses ranged from 25 to 950 microg/h. The major reason for study termination was non-drug-related death (61%). Approximately 40% of patients reported constipation. The frequency of constipation depended on the rescue morphine dose used, but no dose-relationship was found for TTS-fentanyl. Patient acceptance of the patches was high; around 85% of patients rated convenience as good to excellent The ease of use and tolerability of TTS-fentanyl in the elderly patients were comparable to that in the total population, except for a slight increase of non-serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTS-fentanyl can be applied as long-term therapy to patients with cancer-related pain, including the elderly.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Johan.Menten@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menten
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desmedt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lossignol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mullie
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010166:Palliative Care
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl