title: The relationship between pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) expression and in vitro hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human pituitary adenomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) is a recently identified protooncogene, ubiquitously expressed in pituitary tumours at levels higher than those detected in normal pituitary. Although the precise function of PTTG protein is unknown, in vitro experiments have shown that it induces angiogenesis. In this study, we have examined the potential relationship between the level of PTTG expression and tumour phenotype, tumour size, in vitro pituitary hormone secretion and release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pituitary tumours (12 somatotroph, five lactotroph, five corticotroph and 18 non-functioning) were studied by cell culture, measuring the basal secretion of anterior pituitary hormones and VEGF in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the clinical diagnosis and tumour phenotype. PTTG mRNA expression was investigated by comparative RT-PCR. Tumour Volume was quantitated from pre-operative MRI scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTTG expression was significantly increased 2.7-fold in somatotroph tumours compared with non-functioning adenomas (P<0.01, ANOVA). A positive correlation was demonstrated between PTTG expression and in vitro GH secretion (r=0.41, P<0.01, Spearman) but no correlations were found for any of the other pituitary hormones. In 16 out of 40 pituitary tumours, we were able to determine the in vitro secretion of VEGF and relate this to PTTG expression. All of the adenomas tested secreted measurable VEGF but there was no correlation between the amount of VEGF secreted and either the tumour phenotype or PTTG expression. Neither PTTG expression nor VEGF secretion correlated with tumour Volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our studies have confirmed the presence of PTTG in pituitary adenomas and demonstrated a higher level of expression in somatotroph tumours and a significant correlation with GH secretion. We failed to demonstrate a relationship between PTTG expression and production of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, or tumour Volume. Thus, although PTTG induces angiogenesis experimentally, it seems unlikely that a VEGF-mediated angiogenic mechanism occurs during pituitary tumour progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Skelly
authors.forename: S J B
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aylwin
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geddes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evanson
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Besser
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrin
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064249:Securin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D064249:Securin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C578002:pituitary tumor-transforming protein 1, human; D019382:Human Growth Hormone