title: The effects of nitric oxide on magnocellular neurons could involve multiple indirect cyclic GMP-dependent pathways.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to regulate the release of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON). The aim of the current study was to identify in these nuclei the NO-producing neurons and the NO-receptive cells in mice. The determination of NO-synthesizing neurons was performed by double immunohistochemistry for the neuronal form of NO synthase (NOS), and AVP or OT. Besides, we visualized the NO-receptive cells by detecting cyclic GMP (cGMP), the major second messenger for NO, by immunohistochemistry on hypothalamus slices. Neuronal NOS was exclusively colocalized with OT in the PVN and the SON, suggesting that NO is mainly synthesized by oxytocinergic neurons in mice. By contrast, cGMP was not observed in magnocellular neurons, but in GABA-, tyrosine hydroxylase- and glutamate-positive fibers, as well as in GFAP-stained cells. The cGMP-immunostaining was abolished by incubating brain slices with a NOS inhibitor (L-NAME). Consequently, we provide the first evidence that NO could regulate the release of AVP and OT indirectly by modulating the activity of the main afferents to magnocellular neurons rather than by acting directly on magnocellular neurons. Moreover, both the NADPH-diaphorase activity and the mean intensity of cGMP-immunofluorescence were increased in monoamine oxidase A knock-out mice (Tg8) compared to control mice (C3H) in both nuclei. This suggests that monoamines could enhance the production of NO, contributing by this way to the fine regulation of AVP and OT release and synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, POB 616, European School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteit Maastricht, the Netherlands. Claire-Marie.Vacher@snv.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hardin-Pouzet
authors.forename: H W M
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Steinbusch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000502:physiology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000502:physiology; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D005971:Glutamates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012701:Serotonin; D010121:Oxytocin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D009638:Norepinephrine