title: [Blood doping and cardiovascular consequences].
abstract: THE REASONS FOR BLOOD DOPING: The aim of doping the hematological functions is to increase the quantity of oxygen supplied to the muscles in activity. THE DOPING METHODS: Self blood transfusion was one of the first methods used. The incriminated substances are blood substitutes, non-specific and specific hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, and other substances such as perfluorocarbon and RSR13. DELETERIOUS CONSEQUENCES: The major risk is that of a hyperviscosity syndrome, responsible for thrombosis and decreased cardiac output.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All physicians are concerned, since they may be confronted with the complications of doping in their daily practice. They should also know the list of prohibited substances, in order to avoid any errors in prescription.
authors.affiliation: Fédération Internationale de Football (FIFA) Club des Cardiologues du Sport, Arles.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gauthier
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011422:Propionates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D011422:Propionates; C067396:efaproxiral