title: Clinical and endocrine follow-up of patients after testicular sperm extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of testicular damage from testicular biopsies that are carried out for testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty infertile males with azoospermia. Examination of the clinical, endocrine, biochemical, and sonographic data in average after 18 months after TESE was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements before and after TESE: hormone values, testicular size, morphologic characteristics, and power Doppler after scrotal sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of preoperative and postoperative values of basal testosterone, FSH, LH, and estradiol levels did not reveal any differences. Twelve of 26 patients had subnormal testosterone values before TESE; 14 of 39 patients had subnormal levels afterward. Postoperative sonographic measurements showed no significant difference of the testicular volume as compared with the preoperative values. Results of power Doppler sonography revealed pathological conditions (n = 5) in patients with former iliacal or testicular operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endocrine testicular function and testicular size were not impaired after testicular biopsy when compared with preoperative data. However, patients with nonobstructive azoospermia seem to be at risk for androgen deficiency due to primary testicular failure after repeated testicular biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Hannover, Oststadt Klinikum, Hannover, Germany. schillthilo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schill
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bals-Pratsch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Küpker
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandmann
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johannisson
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone