title: Ih blockers have a potential of antiepileptic effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The h current (Ih) is an inwardly mixed cationic conductance activated by membrane hyperpolarization and distributed predominantly in the apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. To verify a hypothesis that an anomalous hyperpolarization generates an abnormal excitation by way of Ih channels, we examined the effects of Ih blockers (CsCl and ZD7288) on electrically induced paroxysmal discharges (PADs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three adult male rabbits were used. We measured the PAD threshold elicited by stimulation to the apical dendritic layer of the hippocampal CA1 region before and after injecting 50 microl of each Ih blocker or saline extracellularly into the same region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Ih blocker injection groups (n = 26), we obtained a significant increase in PAD threshold (1 mM CsCl: 163%, p < 0.01; 10 mM CsCl: 265%, p < 0.01; 100 mM CsCl: 199%, p < 0.01; 100 microM ZD7288: 192%, p < 0.05; 1 mM ZD7288: 246%, p < 0.05). Conversely, we did not obtain the increase in PAD threshold in a saline injection group (n = 10, 107%). The magnitude as well as duration of the effect had a tendency to depend on concentration of Ih blockers, although a saturated or declining tendency was observed with the 100 mM CsCl injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that Ih channels might contribute to hippocampal epileptiform discharges in vivo. Our hypothesis for epileptogenesis demonstrated in the present experiment offers an idea to develop a new type of antiepileptic drug based on Ih blockers for the treatment of epileptic disorders refractory to current medications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Harue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kogure
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002586:Cesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D011743:Pyrimidines; D015222:Sodium Channels; C082246:ICI D2788; D002586:Cesium; C028019:cesium chloride