title: Differential outcomes effect in children and adults with down syndrome.
abstract: In previous studies, researchers have demonstrated that learning of symbolic relations is facilitated when a particular outcome is associated with each relation to be learned. In the present study, we extend this differential outcomes procedure to children and adults with Down syndrome who had to learn a symbolic conditional discrimination task. Participants showed a better terminal accuracy and a faster learning of the task when the alternative correct responses were each followed by unique different outcomes than when nondifferential outcomes were arranged. These findings confirm that the differential outcomes procedure can be a useful tool to ameliorate discriminative learning deficits and demonstrate the benefits of this procedure for people with Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Depatmento de Neurociencia y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain. mafernan@ual.es
authors.forename: Angeles F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Estévez
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: J Bruce
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Overmier
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013561:Symbolism