title: Quality of life for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to validate the SN-5 survey as a measure of longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a before and after study of 85 children aged 2 to 12 years in a metropolitan pediatric otolaryngology practice. Caregivers completed the SN-5 survey at entry and at least 4 weeks later. The survey included 5 symptom-cluster items covering the domains of sinus infection, nasal obstruction, allergy symptoms, emotional distress, and activity limitations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good test-retest reliability (R = 0.70) was obtained for the overall SN-5 score and the individual survey items (R >/= 0.58). The mean baseline SN-5 score was 3.8 (SD, 1.0) of a maximum of 7.0, with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL. All SN-5 items had adequate correlation (R >/= 0.36) with external constructs. The mean change in SN-5 score after routine clinical care was 0.88 (SD, 1.19) with an effect size of 0.74 indicating good responsiveness to longitudinal change. The change scores correlated appropriately with changes in related external constructs (R >/= 0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SN-5 is a valid, reliable, and responsive measure of HRQoL for children with persistent sinonasal symptoms, suitable for use in outcomes studies and routine clinical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and The Long Island College Hospital, USA. davidkay@pol.net
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires