title: Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in peripheral lung cancer--analysis of 140 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell profile may reflect immunologic reactions of the lung in pulmonary malignancies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to analyse the BALF cell profile in peripheral lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective analysis of BALF samples containing tumor cells from patients with confirmed peripheral lung cancer (140 cases). Routine analysis and lymphocyte phenotyping by an immunoperoxidase technique with the monoclonal antibodies CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8, CD57, CD1, CD25, CD71 and HLA-DR were performed. The data were compared with those from healthy persons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significantly lower proportion of macrophages (60%), and significantly elevated proportions of lymphocytes (24%) and neutrophils (13%) in cases with cancer when compared with controls. The proportion of eosinophils was higher in the cancer patients (2.4%), though not significantly. Regarding the lymphocyte phenotypes, we found a significantly elevated proportion of T cells (86%), a relatively low CD4/CD8 ratio (1.7 +/- 1.3), and a relatively higher percentage of HLA-DR+ lymphocytes (6.6%) in patients with cancer. There were no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers in the cancer patients. In more than half of the cases, a positive staining for epithelial membrane antigen was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations confirm the possible participation of lymphocytes (activated and suppressor subtypes) and eosinophils in the response against tumor in peripheral airways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domagała-Kulawik
authors.forename: Josune
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Costabel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D018396:Mucin-1