title: Parental decision making and the choice of communication modality for the child who is deaf.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early intervention decisions for a deaf or hard of hearing child are difficult to make, partly because of the lack of definitive proof of the superiority of any particular communication approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the relative importance of the child's hearing loss and parental attitudes, beliefs, values, and aspirations in the decision process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three parents were surveyed about decision factors that may have affected their choice of communication modality, including resource availability, attitudes and beliefs about hearing loss, values, trade-offs, and goals. Parental preference ratings on hypothetical outcomes were also collected in 4 domains: communication, academic performance, social functioning, and emotional well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The child's extent of hearing loss was the most influential decision factor (P<.001). Beyond the extent of hearing loss, logistic regression further showed that parental cognitive-attitudinal factors were important in the inclination to favor an oral approach-if they believed that deafness can and should be corrected and if they desired the child to be able to speak (P =.03 and.04, respectively). Technology that aims at improving the child's ability to speak (eg, cochlear implants) had no significant impact on the decision to choose oral only training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professionals who work with deaf children and their parents should recognize the presence of many relevant issues beyond the extent of the child's hearing loss. Interventions may be most effective if aimed at balancing parental beliefs and aspirations and audiologic considerations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1029, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. yuelin@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Yuelin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Annie G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000523:psychology; D003142:Communication; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012945:Social Values