title: HFE mutations and chronic hepatitis C: H63D and C282Y heterozygosity are independent risk factors for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of heterozygous HFE mutations on the course of chronic hepatitis C and iron indices was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS), serum iron, C282Y and H63D mutations were determined in 401 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 295 healthy controls. Liver histologies were available in 217 and HCV genotypes in 339 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele frequencies of the C282Y and H63D mutation did not differ between HCV patients and healthy controls (6.95 vs. 6.2%; 14.75 vs. 16.4%; n.s.). HFE heterozygous HCV patients had higher ferritin (349+/-37 vs. 193+/-15 microg/l; P<0.0005), TS (38+/-2 vs. 32+/-1%; P<0.0005), serum iron (144+/-6 vs. 121+/-3 microg/dl; P<0.0005), semiquantitative liver iron staining (0.26+/-0.07 vs. 0.09+/-0.03; P<0.006) and fibrosis scores (1.9+/-0.2 vs. 1.4+/-0.1; P<0.003) compared to HFE wildtypes. By multivariate regression analysis odds ratios for liver cirrhosis were 5.9 (confidence interval (CI) 1.6-22.6; P<0.009) for C282Y heterozygotes and 2.9 (CI 1.0-8.4; P<0.05) for H63D heterozygotes compared to HFE wildtypes. Considering all HFE heterozygous HCV patients, odds ratios of 3.6 (CI 1.4-9.3; P<0.009) for cirrhosis and 3.1 (CI 1.3-7.3; P<0.009) for fibrosis were calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C282Y or H63D heterozygosity is an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in HCV infected individuals. Screening for HFE mutations should be considered in HCV infection.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. erhardt@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maschner-Olberg
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mellenthin
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kappert
authors.forename: Ortwin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willers
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niederau
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Häussinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio
chemical_list: C103673:HFE protein, human; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007501:Iron