title: Laboratory evaluation of temperature effects on the germination and growth of entomopathogenic fungi and on their pathogenicity to two aphid species.
abstract: As part of an approach to select potential mycoinsecticides for aphid biocontrol, we investigated the effects of temperature on the growth, germination and pathogenicity of some hyphomycete fungi. Commercially available mycoinsecticides (based on Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas) and other isolates of B bassiana, V lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith were evaluated. The rate of in vitro conidial germination of all isolates was slower at 10 and 15 degrees C than at 20 and 25 degrees C. Similarly, in vitro growth of most isolates was adversely affected at 10 and 15 degrees C. The greatest reduction at 10 degrees C in rates of conidial germination and colony growth, compared with other temperatures, was for M anisopliae isolates. Germination of V lecanii (isolate HRI 1.72) was fastest at 10 degrees C compared with the other fungi. It was also the most pathogenic of three isolates tested against Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae Sulzer at 10, 18 and 23 degrees C. Generally, A fabae was more susceptible than M persicae to infection by the fungal isolates tested. A significant interaction between aphid species and temperature indicated that the pathogenic nature of an isolate was dependent not only on the target aphid species but also the temperature conditions of the bioassay. The series of studies, detailed above, allowed a temperature profile to be formed for the different isolates. Verticillium lecanii isolate HRI 1.72 (commercialised as Vertalec) was the most promising isolate selected from results of the series of experiments. Temperature profiles in conjunction with infectivity assays can be useful in selecting appropriate isolates for a particular thermal environment.
authors.affiliation: Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Division, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK. helen.yeo@hri.ac.uk
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Judith K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Alderson
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors