title: Low-T3 syndrome: a strong prognostic predictor of death in patients with heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical and experimental data have suggested a potential negative impact of low-T3 state on the prognosis of cardiac diseases. The aim of the present prospective study was to assess the role of thyroid hormones in the prognosis of patient population with heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 573 consecutive cardiac patients underwent thyroid function profile evaluation. They were divided in two subgroups: group I, 173 patients with low T3, ie, with free T3 (fT3) <3.1 pmol/L, and group II, 400 patients with normal fT3 (>or=3.1 pmol/L). We considered cumulative and cardiac death events. During the 1-year follow-up, there were 25 cumulative deaths in group I and 12 in group II (14.4% versus 3%, P<0.0001); cardiac deaths were 13 in group I and 6 in group II (7.5% versus 1.5%, P=0.0006). According to the Cox model, fT3 was the most important predictor of cumulative death (hazard ratio [HR] 3.582, P<0.0001), followed by dyslipidemia (HR 2.955, P=0.023), age (HR 1.051, P<0.005), and left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 1.037, P=0.006). At the logistic multivariate analysis, fT3 was the highest independent predictor of death (HR 0.395, P=0.003). A prevalence of low fT3 levels was found in patients with NYHA class III-IV illness compared with patients with NYHA class I-II (chi(2) 5.65, P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-T3 syndrome is a strong predictor of death in cardiac patients and might be directly implicated in the poor prognosis of cardiac patients.
authors.affiliation: C.N.R. Clinical Physiology Institute and Scuola Superiore di Studi Univeritari S. Anna, Pisa, Italy. iervasi@ifc.cnr.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iervasi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pingitore
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raciti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ripoli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarlattini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: L'Abbate
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate; D013577:Syndrome; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine