title: Persons with C5 or C6 tetraplegia achieve selected functional gains using a neuroprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy and safety of the NESS Handmaster neuroprosthesis with subjects with C5 or C6 tetraplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional, nonrandomized case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects' residence and university research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men, 3 to 17 years after C5 (n=5) and C6 (n=2) spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects practiced with the neuroprosthesis daily to regain grasp, hold, and release ability and to restore selected functions of 1 of the 2 paralyzed hands. Subjects were observed 2 to 3 times weekly for 3 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three activities of daily living (ADL) tasks: (1) pick up a telephone, (2) eat food with a fork, and (3) perform 1 individually selected ADL task and 2 grasp, hold, and release tasks (lift a videocassette, lift a 150-g weight). Secondary outcomes were grip strength, electrically induced finger motion, and Fugl-Meyer spherical grasp. Nonparametric data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and parametric data (grip strength and finger motion) were analyzed by analysis of variance. All tests were considered significant at P equal to.01.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At study completion, all 7 subjects were 100% successful at using the Handmaster in the studied ADL and grasp, hold, and release tasks. Significant improvements occurred in grip strength (from.57+/-.98N at baseline to 16.5+/-4.4N), finger linear motion (from 0.0cm at baseline to 8.4+/-3.2cm), and Fugl-Meyer scores. No safety issues were encountered. Six of 7 subjects rated their overall performance as "excellent."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Handmaster is a safe, noninvasive neuroprosthesis that improves hand function of selected subjects with C5 or C6 SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1082, USA. galon@som.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alon
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McBride
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*