title: Enflurane as an internal standard in monitoring halogenated volatile anaesthetics by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Recently. we proposed the use of a run-only headspace-GC-MS method for the biological monitoring of ppb concentrations of unmodified volatile anaesthetics (isoflurane, sevoflurane and halothane, plus nitrous oxide) in post-shift urine of operating theatre personnel. The adoption of enflurane (a volatile anaesthetic no longer used in clinical practice) as a poper and viable internal standard improves intra-day and inter-day accuracy in halide quantitation, providing a GC-MS reference method useful in the practice of biomonitoring of exposure of operating theatre personnel to modern volatile anaesthetics (isoflurane. sevoflurane, halothane).
authors.affiliation: Safety, Hygiene and Occupational Medicine Service, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi 9, Bologna, 40138 Italy. accorsi@orsola-malpighi.med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Accorsi
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Giovanni Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Raffi
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Violante
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000737:chemistry*; D004737:Enflurane / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004737:Enflurane