title: Complex correlation structure in consumption rates of major food groups: implications for the assessment of radiation exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An extensive dataset on individual food consumption was analysed in order to study all pairwise correlations between the consumption rates of 11 major food groups. Additionally, the project aimed to examine and quantify the accuracy of a recently proposed estimator of total food consumption to be used for the estimation of radiation exposure by food. Such an inquiry seems justified, because the proposed estimator implicitly presumes an essentially positive correlation structure in food consumption rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis using representative data gathered in Germany in a nation-wide food consumption survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals aged between 4 and 94 years namely 10,901 males and 12,308 females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consumption rates of 11 major food categories showed several significantly positive, but also a number of significantly negative, correlations. Negative associations between cereal and potato products persisted consistently over all age groups, independent of sex. Other significantly negative correlations were limited to certain age groups. Reflecting these negative correlations, a subsequent analysis of relative ranks of consumption revealed that no person in the sample had the highest consumption rates in all food groups simultaneously. Based on representative samples, overestimations of 34 to 53% were obtained if--as recently suggested in the context of radiation exposure prediction--the 95th percentiles of total food consumption were determined as sums of the corresponding percentiles of the food groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complex correlation structure of food group consumption rates, as identified in this study, bears important implications for various health-related issues. Ignoring them could lead to overly conservative estimations of radiation exposure due to food ingestion or to confounding effects in epidemiological studies on nutritional risk factors of diseases. The results also indicate that a distinction into different dietary patterns might be useful in characterising different consumption habits.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Goethestrasse 55, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Breuninger
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Schachtel
authors.forename: Petra M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lührmann
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuhäuser-Berthold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged