title: Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: factors predicting recurrence and survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) Determine the patient and tumour characteristics for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma--towards developing a unique risk classification for our largely Chinese population. 2) Assess extent of thyroid surgery required. 3) Document prognostic value of UICC and AMES classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 175 patients treated for primary thyroid epithelial malignancy by the Department of General Surgery at the Singapore General Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 78% papillary carcinomas (PC) and 19% follicular carcinomas (FC). Female: male ratio was 3:1. Patient distribution in the UICC stages I, II, III, IV is respectively 56, 11, 31 and 2%. Twenty-six percent had hemithyroidectomy, and 74% total thyroidectomy. Neck dissections were required in 6% of FC compared to 34% of PC. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Extent of surgery did not affect PC/FC survival nor recurrence rates (p=0.53 and 0.06 respectively). Recurrences occurred in 15% FC and 9% PC. Death occurred in one FC and two PC. Survival correlated with UICC stage I/II and stage III/IV groups (p=0.04), and recurrence correlated with AMES High and Low Risk groups (p=0.004). No statistically significant difference was shown for survival between PC and FC or AMES groups and recurrence between PC and FC or UICC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extent of thyroid surgery does not significantly affect local recurrences of PC/FC. The characterisation of thyroid carcinoma here is an important step towards developing a risk classification unique to our largely Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
authors.forename: L H Y
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Soo
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome