title: Thoracic outlet syndrome in paediatrics: clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and outcome in a series of eight children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report reviews the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and outcome of 8 children treated for the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) during the last 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 through 2001 31 patients were admitted to our Vascular Surgery Unit with TOS. Eight of them (25.8%) were in the paediatric age group, 8 to 16 years (mean, 13 years). No sex prevalence was found. The presenting symptoms were neurologic in 2 patients (25%) and secondary to venous flow impairment in 6 (75%). At phlebography, venous thrombosis was seen in 2 cases, and functional intermittent obstruction was seen in 4. Seven patients underwent decompressive surgical partial resection of the first rib with transaxillary or supraclavicular access. One patient was treated conservatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major postoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 2.7 days. In no patient were there signs of recurrence after a mean follow-up of 18 months (range, 3 to 36 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the authors' experience TOS in paediatric patients occurs with the same symptoms and thrombotic complications as in adults. The same surgical strategy adopted in adult patients is advisable for affected children.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Unit, V Buzzi, Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vercellio
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baraldini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coletti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D012272:Ribs / Q000601:surgery; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery