title: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) update: recommendations for the identification and management of DES-exposed individuals.
abstract: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was etiologically linked to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in 1971. This article reviews on-going research and emerging information relevant to DES-related health risks, thereby enabling women's health care providers to maintain an evidence-based practice for their DES-exposed patients. To accomplish these goals, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has initiated a national education campaign. This article describes the reasons for this new initiative, the target audiences, the DES historical framework (including major studies and findings), and populations that are affected. Clinical steps for the identification and management of the DES-exposed individual and resultant implications for midwifery and women's health practices are reviewed.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hammes
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Laitman
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000139:chemically induced; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol