title: Adaptation of ovine fetal pancreatic insulin secretion to chronic hypoglycaemia and euglycaemic correction.
abstract: Fetal pancreatic adaptations to relative hypoglycaemia, a characteristic of intra-uterine growth restriction, may limit pancreatic beta-cell capacity to produce and/or secrete insulin. The objective of this study was to measure beta-cell responsiveness in hypoglycaemic (H) fetal sheep and ascertain whether a 5 day euglycaemic recovery period would restore insulin secretion capacity. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was measured in euglycaemic (E) control fetuses, fetuses made hypoglycaemic for 14 days, and in a subset of 14-day hypoglycaemic fetuses returned to euglycaemia for 5 days (R fetuses). Hypoglycaemia significantly decreased plasma insulin concentrations in H (0.13 +/- 0.01 ng ml(-1)) and R fetuses (0.11 +/- 0.01 ng ml(-1)); insulin concentrations returned to euglycaemic control values (0.30 +/- 0.01 ng ml(-1)) in R fetuses (0.29 +/- 0.04 ng ml(-1)) during their euglycaemic recovery period. Mean steady-state plasma insulin concentration during the GSIS study was reduced in H fetuses (0.40 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.10 ng ml(-1) in E), but increased (P < 0.05) in R fetuses (0.73 +/- 0.10 ng ml(-1)) to concentrations not different from those in the E group. Nonlinear modelling of GSIS showed that response time was greater (P < 0.01) in both H (15.6 +/- 2.8 min) and R (15.4 +/- 1.5 min) than in E fetuses (6.3 +/- 1.1 min). In addition, insulin secretion responsiveness to arginine was reduced by hypoglycaemia (0.98 +/- 0.11 ng ml(-1) in H vs. 1.82 +/- 0.17 ng ml(-1) in E, P < 0.05) and did not recover (1.21 +/- 0.15 ng ml(-1) in R, P < 0.05 vs. E). Thus, a 5 day euglycaemic recovery period from chronic hypoglycaemia reestablished GSIS to normal levels, but there was a persistent reduction of beta-cell responsiveness to glucose and arginine. We conclude that programming of pancreatic insulin secretion responsiveness can occur in response to fetal glucose deprivation, indicating a possible mechanism for establishing, in fetal life, a predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Research Center, Division of Perinatal Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Sean W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Limesand
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007328:Insulin; D001120:Arginine; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen