title: Low-density-lipoprotein peak particle size in a Mediterranean population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles ('LDL phenotype B') has been associated with a three-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction, but the feasibility of the identification of small, dense LDL as independent predictors of coronary artery disease risk in population studies remains questioned. Design We evaluated the LDL peak particle size and its relation with other established risk factors for coronary heart disease in a group of 156 randomized subjects living on the Mediterranean island of Ustica (71 males and 85 women, range of age 20-69 years), representing approximately 30% of the total population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of LDL phenotype B subjects was low (approximately 15% in both men and women) and there was a clear trend for both genders in reducing the LDL peak particle size with age. Moreover, LDL phenotype B subjects had higher BMI values, prevalence of diabetes and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and lower plasma HDL-C concentrations in comparison with LDL phenotype A individuals; in a multivariate analysis, plasma TG levels were the only variable independently associated with LDL peak particle size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population, which appears to be somewhat protected by premature coronary artery disease, a low prevalence of the LDL pattern B was found in both men and women, and plasma TG could have a key role in regulating the LDL peak particle size. The follow up, still ongoing, will provide useful information on the predictive role of LDL peak particle size on cardiovascular risk, at least in a low-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Polizzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Onorato
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cefalù
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Notarbartolo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Averna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008521:Mediterranean Islands; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides