title: Clinical significance of serum levels of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in gastric cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated serum concentrations of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with gastric cancer and in healthy control subjects. Our objectives were to correlate these levels with clinicopathological features, established tumor markers, and patient survival, and to assess changes in serum levels of cell adhesion molecules after tumor surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The serum concentrations of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were investigated by ELISA in 57 gastric cancer patients, both before and 7 days after surgery, and in 47 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in gastric cancer patients were significantly higher when compared with those of healthy controls, whereas there were no differences regarding serum E-selectin levels. Serum levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 correlated significantly with each other. There was a significant association between preoperative levels of all three adhesion molecules and disease stage, gastric wall invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastases. Their concentrations decreased significantly after radical resection of the tumor, whereas they remained almost unchanged in patients with unresectable disease. Elevated preoperative serum levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels were found in 24.6%, 33.3%, and 28.1% of patients, respectively. Elevated levels of all three molecules were significant prognostic factors for patient survival but not independent of disease stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that serum concentrations of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 may reflect tumor progression and metastasis, and may be clinically useful.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexiou
authors.forename: Anastasios J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karayiannakis
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Syrigos
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zbar
authors.forename: Elefteria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sekara
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michail
authors.forename: Theophilos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diamantis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1