title: Genetic susceptibility for emphysematous changes of the lung in Japanese.
abstract: Risk of chronic pulmonary emphysema from exposure to tobacco smoke varies widely from person to person, depending in part on the status of particular genes and acquired susceptibilities. Certain genes determine how cells activate and/or detoxify tobacco smoke products. We aimed to determine whether any genetic susceptibility exists in the development of emphysematous changes confirmed by chest computed tomography (CT). Genotypes of various enzymes involved in the activation or detoxification of tobacco smoke, epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1), cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1 and CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1/P1/T1), and hemoxygenase-1 (HMOX1), were determined by PCR-based assays in a total of 235 heavy smokers (Brinkman index >/=400). They were divided into two groups according to the CT findings: 63 and 172 subjects with and without emphysematous changes, respectively. Although the allele frequency of any genetic polymorphism was not statistically different between the two groups, the frequency of the individuals having combination of the genotype representing very slow activity for epoxide hydrolase and at least one allele with large size of (GT)n repeats in the HMOX1 gene promoter region was higher in the subjects with emphysematous changes (p=0.03; odds ratio 2.8; 95% CI = 1.07-7.5) among the stratified individuals (age >/=51 years). These findings suggest that combination of several polymorphisms in the enzymes that activate or detoxify the tobacco smoke, such as EPHX1 and HMOX1, might be associated with its affects on the development of emphysematous changes of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Antariksa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budhi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiyama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases