Lesional expression of a proinflammatory and antiangiogenic cytokine EMAP II confined to endothelium and microglia/macrophages during secondary damage following experimental traumatic brain injury.
We analyzed expression of Endothelial Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide II (EMAP II), a proinflammatory, antiangiogenic cytokine in rat brains after stab wound injury and observed a highly significant (p<0.0001) lesional accumulation confined to microglia/macrophages. Maximum numbers were seen at day 5 declining until 21 days after injury. Further, EMAP II(+) microglia/macrophages formed clusters in perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces. Prolonged accumulation of EMAP II(+), ED1(+) microglia/macrophages and increased lesional numbers of EMAP II(+) endothelial/smooth muscle cells during the acute postinjury period might indicate that EMAP II enrich the proinflammatory and antiangiogenic repertoire of effector molecules expressed by activated microglia/macrophages during secondary damage.
Mueller
Christian-Andreas
CA
Institute of Brain Research, Medical School, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Calwerstr.3, D-72076, Tüebingen, Germany. Christian-Andreas.Mueller@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Schluesener
Herrmann J
HJ
Conrad
Sabine
S
Meyermann
Richard
R
Schwab
Jan M
JM
D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000737:chemistry*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D016207:Cytokines; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C077219:small inducible cytokine subfamily E, member 1