title: Evaluation of responses to chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors used computed tomography (CT) scans to correlate the changes in tumor vascularity, necrosis, and size with response and survival after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with advanced, unresectable, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied 72 patients with biopsy-proven, unresectable HCC and focused on 186 individual tumor masses. A baseline, multiphase, helical CT was performed and at least three follow-up CT scans were performed after treatment by TACE. Tumors were classified as hypervascular or hypovascular and patients were classified as responders or nonresponders based on CT evidence of altered tumor size, tumor necrosis, and the appearance of new tumors. A new scoring system was used to monitor patient response to TACE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients were responders and 34 were nonresponders. Patient survival was significantly increased (P = 0.009) in patients who were hypervascular responders. Survival also was increased in hypervascular nonresponders compared with hypovascular nonresponders (P = 0.008) and in hypovascular responders compared with hypovascular nonresponders (P = 0.002). Response to chemoembolization was found to be significantly (P = 0.02) and inversely proportional to tumor size, but the number of tumor foci in an individual patient was not predictive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TACE appears to result in improved survival among HCC patients with hypervascular tumors who responded to therapy. However, even patients classified by CT as hypervascular nonresponders and hypovascular responders have improved survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Osama M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ebied
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Federle
authors.forename: Brian I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pealer
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amesur
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zajko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed