Human uterine vascular structures in normal and diseased states.
Menstrual bleeding disorders are one of the most common problems presenting to the gynaecologist. There is increasing evidence that alterations in human uterine vascular structures are associated with spontaneous and sex steroid-induced changes in menstrual bleeding patterns. This article will discuss the normal anatomy and physiology of uterine vascular growth, breakdown, and repair and will indicate where altered anatomy and function may contribute to menstrual disorder. In particular, impact of low-dose progestogens on the endometrial vasculature and endometrial vascular fragility will be discussed. Disturbances of myometrial vascular growth and remodeling, including fibroids, adenomyosis, implantation, and arterio-venous malformations will also be addressed.
Hickey
Martha
M
University of Western Australia, School of Women's and Infants' Health, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia. mhickey@obsgyn.edu.au
Fraser
Ian
I
D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology*; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology