title: Pigtail catheter for the treatment of ascites associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is potentially dangerous. The study aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous pigtail catheter drainage for the management of ascites complicating severe OHSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective trial conducted at a private IVF centre and a tertiary teaching medical centre. A total of 26 patients with severe OHSS was recruited. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 (n = 13) were hospitalized, while patients in group 2 (n = 13) were managed on an outpatient basis. A pigtail catheter was inserted under transabdominal ultrasound guidance and kept in place until drainage ceased. The main outcome measures were resolution of OHSS as determined by symptomatology and laboratory values, time to removal of catheter, patient tolerance of the procedure and complication rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The catheter was successfully placed in all patients following one attempt and was kept in place for a mean +/- SD of 12.9 +/- 4.3 days (range 7-24). Average amount of fluid drained was 11.2 +/- 4.3 l (range: 3.35-18.5). An improvement of symptoms and signs was noted 24-48 h after catheter placement in all patients in both groups. Procedure was well tolerated and no complications reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous placement of a pigtail catheter is a safe and effective treatment modality for severe OHSS. It may represent an attractive alternative to multiple vaginal or abdominal paracentesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI 48503, IVF Michigan, Rochester Hills, MI 48307, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Abuzeid
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Massaad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fakih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001201:Ascites / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization; D004322:Drainage; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography