title: The constitutive and inducible expression of Nurr1, a key regulator of dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, in human neural and non-neural cell lines.
abstract: Nur-related factor 1 (Nurr1), nerve growth factor-induced gene B (NGFI-B) and neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (NOR-1) constitute the orphan nuclear receptor subfamily of transcription factors. Previous studies showed that midbrain dopaminergic neuronal precursor cells failed to differentiate in Nurr1-deficient mice. To investigate a role of Nurr1 in human neuronal function, Nurr1 mRNA expression was studied in human neural cell lines by RT-PCR and northern blot analysis. Nurr1, NGFI-B and NOR-1 mRNA were coexpressed in all human neural and nonneural cell lines under the serum-containing culture condition, except for SK-N-SH neuroblastoma, in which Nurr1 mRNA was undetectable. The levels of Nurr1, NGFI-B and NOR-1 mRNA were elevated markedly in NTera2 teratocarcinoma-derived neurons (NTera2-N), a model of differentiated human neurons, following a 1.5 or 3 h-exposure to 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 100 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. NGFI-B mRNA levels were also elevated in NTera2-N cells by exposure to 100 ng/mL brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To identify Nurr1-target genes, the mRNA expression of 27 genes potentially involved in dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and survival, including BDNF, glia-derived neurotrophic factor, their receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase and alpha-synuclein, were studied in HEK293 cells following overexpression of Nurr1. None of these genes examined, however, showed significant changes. These results indicate that Nurr1, NGFI-B and NOR-1 mRNA are expressed constitutively in various human neural and non-neural cell lines under the serum-containing culture condition, and their levels are up-regulated in human neurons by activation of protein kinase A or protein kinase C pathway, although putative coactivators expressed in dopaminergic neuronal precursor cells might be required for efficient transcriptional activation of Nurr1-target genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. satoj@ncnp.go.jp
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020536:Enzyme Activators; C539821:NR4A1 protein, human; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; C490412:NR4A3 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C539818:Nr4a1 protein, mouse; C539883:Nr4a2 protein, mouse; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003994:Bucladesine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate