title: Acetylcysteine for prevention of acute deterioration of renal function following elective coronary angiography and intervention: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antioxidant acetylcysteine prevents acute contrast nephrotoxicity in patients with impaired renal function who undergo computed tomography scanning. However, its role in coronary angiography is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether oral acetylcysteine prevents acute deterioration in renal function in patients with moderate renal insufficiency who undergo elective coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from May 2000 to December 2001 at the Grantham Hospital at the University of Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred Chinese patients aged mean (SD) 68 (6.5) years with stable moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min [1.00 mL/s]) who were undergoing elective coronary angiography with or without intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral acetylcysteine(600 mg twice per day; n = 102) or matching placebo tablets (n = 98) on the day before and the day of angiography. All patients received low-osmolality contrast agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of more than a 25% increase in serum creatinine level within 48 hours after contrast administration; change in creatinine clearance and serum creatinine level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve control patients (12%) and 4 acetylcysteine patients (4%) developed a more than 25% increase in serum creatinine level within 48 hours after contrast administration (relative risk, 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.96; P =.03). Serum creatinine was lower in the acetylcysteine group (1.22 mg/dL [107.8 micromol/L]; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33 mg/dL vs 1.38 mg/dL [122.9 micromol/L]; 95% CI, 1.27-1.49 mg/dL; P =.006) during the first 48 hours after angiography. Acetylcysteine treatment significantly increased creatinine clearance from 44.8 mL/min (0.75 mL/s) (95% CI, 42.7-47.6 mL/min) to 58.9 mL/min (0.98 mL/s) (95% CI, 55.6-62.3 mL/min) 2 days after the contrast administration (P<.001). The increase was not significant in the control group (from 42.1 to 44.1 mL/min [0.70 to 0.74 mL/s]; P =.15). The benefit of acetylcysteine was consistent among various patient subgroups and persistent for at least 7 days. There were no major treatment-related adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acetylcysteine protects patients with moderate chronic renal insufficiency from contrast-induced deterioration in renal function after coronary angiographic procedures, with minimal adverse effects and at a low cost.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Medical Unit, Grantham Hospital, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Rd, Aberdeen, Hong Kong. flkay@netvigator.com
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Wing Hing
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Tak Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Sing Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: On Hing
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Chi Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wai Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003287:Contrast Media; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D003404:Creatinine; D007479:Iopamidol; D000111:Acetylcysteine