title: Structure and promoter activity of the human glia maturation factor-gamma gene: a TATA-less, GC-rich and bidirectional promoter.
abstract: Human glia maturation factor-gamma (hGMFG) was recently identified as a gene that is homologous to glia maturation factor-beta (GMFB). In this study, we determined the organization of the 9.5-kb hGMFG gene and characterized its promoter activity. The 5'-flanking region of the first exon has putative elements for binding transcription factors Sp-1, GATA-1, AML-1a, Lyf-1 and Ets-1, but there were no TATA or CAAT boxes within a 226-bp sequence upstream from the initiation codon. Primer extension analysis and 5'RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends) identified multiple transcription initiation sites within the region -84 to -70 nucleotides from the first ATG codon in a Kozak consensus sequence. A core promoter region was determined by transfecting a series of deletion constructs with a dual luciferase reporter system into rat astrocyte-derived ACT-57 cells. We found that 226 bp of the core promoter region exhibited bidirectional promoter activity.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya City University School of Nursing, Mizuho-ku, 467-8601, Nagoya, Japan. yokowai@med.nogoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D020904:Glia Maturation Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site
chemical_list: D020904:Glia Maturation Factor; C117487:glia maturation factor gamma