title: Alterations in Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling in patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental studies indicate that interleukin-6 (IL-6)-related cytokines, signaling via the shared receptor gp130, Janus kinases (JAKs), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), provide a critical cardiomyocyte survival pathway in vivo. Little is known about the activation of this signaling pathway in the myocardia of patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a comprehensive expression and activation analysis of IL-6-related cytokines, receptors, signal transducers, and signal transduction inhibitors in left ventricular (LV) myocardia from patients with DCM (n=10) and non-failing (NF) donor hearts (n=5). Differential expression (DCM versus NF) was observed by immunoblotting at each level of the signaling cascade, including receptor ligands (IL-6: -59%, P<0.01; leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF]: +54%, P<0.05), receptor subunits (LIF receptor: -16%, P<0.05), signaling molecules (the Janus kinase TYK2: -48%, P<0.01; STAT3: -47%, P<0.01), and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS1: +97%, P<0.05; SOCS3: -49%, P<0.01). Tyrosine-phosphorylation status of gp130 was increased (+60%, P<0.05), whereas tyrosine-phosphorylation status of JAK2 was reduced in DCM (-72%, P<0.01). Moreover, as shown by immunohistochemistry, the number of STAT3-positive cardiomyocytes was reduced in DCM (-42%, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signaling via gp130 and JAK-STAT is profoundly altered in DCM. Importantly, tyrosine-phosphorylation of JAK2 is reduced in the face of increased gp130 phosphorylation, indicating impaired downstream activation of this critical pathway in DCM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Edith K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Podewski
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hilfiker-Kleiner
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilfiker
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morawietz
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lichtenberg
authors.forename: Kai C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wollert
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D002908:Chronic Disease; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C507837:LIF protein, human; C507840:LIFR protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008222:Lymphokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D053634:TYK2 Kinase; C070139:TYK2 protein, human