title: Effects of endogenous flour lipids on the quality of semisweet biscuits.
abstract: Fractionation and reconstitution techniques were used to study the contribution of endogenous flour lipids to the quality of semisweet (Rich Tea-type) biscuits. Biscuit flour was defatted with chloroform and baked with bakery fat but without endogenous lipid addition. Semisweet biscuits baked from defatted flour were flatter, denser, and harder and showed collapse of gas cells during baking when compared with control biscuits. Defatted flour semisweet doughs exhibited a different rheological behavior from the control samples showing higher storage and loss moduli (G' and G' ' values), that is, high viscoelasticity. Functionality was restored when total nonstarch flour lipids were added back to defatted flour. Both the polar and nonpolar lipid fractions had positive effects in restoring flour quality, but the polar lipid fraction was of greatest benefit. Both fractions were needed for complete restoration of both biscuit quality and dough rheological characteristics.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papantoniou
authors.forename: Eugene W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Amalia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tsiami
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scriven
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schofield
mesh_terms: D001939:Bread; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D003296:Cooking; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005524:Food Technology; D006244:Hardness; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011786:Quality Control; D012212:Rheology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D008055:Lipids