title: Smoking cessation interventions in U.S. racial/ethnic minority populations: an assessment of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking prevalence rates in some ethnic minority groups are elevated relative to the majority population. Thus, identifying cessation interventions that are effective for these groups is important. This article reviews published studies that examine effects of smoking cessation interventions relevant to racial ethnic minority populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of tobacco interventions, reporting smoking cessation outcomes (including quit rates) in U.S. minority populations, was conducted for the period 1985 to 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six studies met preset criteria for inclusion. Twenty-three reported quit rates for African Americans, 4 for Asian/Pacific Islanders, 3 for Native Americans, and 10 for Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disproportionate number of studies that focused on African American smokers compared with the other major racial/ethnic groups suggests the need for continued efforts to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for all ethnic minority populations. Abstinence rates varied considerably depending on study design and intervention strategy. Moreover, a relatively small percentage of studies that were randomized trials reported statistically significant findings, and most used intervention strategies that do not reflect the current state-of-the-art. These results strongly suggest that more research is needed to identify successful smoking cessation interventions in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN Suite 4005, MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892-7344, USA. DL177n@nih.gov
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Graber
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Helen I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warnecke
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001213:Asian; D003376:Counseling; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States