title: Digoxin increases mortality among women with congestive heart failure.
abstract: Digoxin increases mortality in women with congestive heart failure, compared with men; however, the clinical significance of this is unknown since gender is a nonmodifiable risk factor. More importantly, there is a suggestion of harm when looking at women treated with digoxin versus placebo. Since there are other therapies with definite benefit in congestive heart failure (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, spironolactone), it is prudent to reconsider the use of digoxin in women with ejection fractions less than 45%.
authors.affiliation: St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Jamaica, NY, USA. sees@stjohns.edu
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruno