title: Time-based risk assessment after myocardial infarction. Implications for timing of discharge and applications to medical decision-making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated timing of adverse cardiac events after thrombolysis to guide length of stay after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kaplan-Meier survival curves described timing of major postinfarction complications in 41021 fibrinolytic-treated patients in GUSTO-I. Using model-fitting, these data were best explained by a mixed-exponential survival model: an acute curve describing most adverse events and a chronic curve describing a lower background rate. We replicated this strategy in 15059 fibrinolytic-treated patients in GUSTO-III. From the relation between time and events described by the model's acute curve in GUSTO-III, we proposed times for hospital discharge. The acute curve explained 97% of deaths and 68%-96% of various event composites. Of complications within 10 days, 90% of deaths and 70% of acute curve death, stroke, shock, heart failure, or reinfarction occurred by 24 h. By 2.7 days, 95% of deaths, stroke, shock, heart failure, or reinfarction occurred. Most major ventricular arrhythmias occurred within 24 h, after which the hazard curve was flat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mixed-exponential survival modelling describes timing of post-infarction complications and supports discharge 4 days after uncomplicated infarction. Such time-based risk assessment could guide decision-making in other settings in which randomized studies are impractical.
authors.affiliation: The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27715-7969, USA.
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hasselblad
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van de Werf
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors