title: [mRNA expression of muscarinic receptors in spinal cord and brainstem in morphine dependent rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe mRNA expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in spinal cord and brainstem in morphine dependent or withdrawal rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA expression level of m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5 were determined by RT-PCR, the beta-actin mRNA expression was used as internal control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA level of m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5 in spinal cord and m1 and m2 in brainstem were increased significantly during morphine dependence, and the levels of m1, m2, m3 and m4 in spinal cord and m1 in brainstem were decreased 1 h after the injection of naloxone (4 mg.kg-1, i.p.) in morphine dependent rats. Either scopolamine (0.5 mg.kg-1) or pirenzepine (10 mg.kg-1) was shown to significantly decrease the morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats. The levels of m1, m2, m3 and m5 in spinal cord were increased by pretreatment with pirenzepine and the levels of m2, m3 and m4 in spinal cord were increased by pretreatment with scopolamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adaptive expression of muscarinic receptors at spinal and supraspinal levels play important role in mediating morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Microcirculation and Henbane, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Ningbo 315010, China.
authors.forename: Wen-hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hui-fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiao-hu
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shuai-en
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Guo-dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qi-xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D009020:Morphine