title: Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the equine corpus luteum.
abstract: Precise pharmacological control of the corpus luteum is important in the manipulation of the oestrous cycle in mares. Angiogenesis plays a key role in the growth and regression of the corpus luteum; therefore, influencing the vasculature of the corpus luteum may offer a novel method for controlling its lifespan. In the present study, changes in angiogenesis and vascular expression of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated throughout the luteal phase and after PGF(2alpha)-induced luteolysis. Corpora lutea were collected from mares in the early luteal phase (days 3-4), mid-luteal phase (day 10), early regression (day 14), late regression (day 17), and at 12 and 36 h after administration of PGF(2alpha) on day 10 of the oestrous cycle. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize Von Willebrand factor and Ki67 in endothelial and proliferating cells, respectively. VEGF mRNA and protein were localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation index of endothelial cells was intense in the early luteal phase. The early and mid-luteal phases were characterized by a dense network of capillaries. The microvasculature started to regress by day 14. After administration of PGF(2alpha), vasodilation was observed after 12 h, but after 36 h, luteal degeneration was accompanied by a significant decrease in vascularity. VEGF mRNA and protein were expressed mainly in the luteal cells during the early and mid-luteal phases and expression declined at early regression (day 14). However, immunostaining for VEGF protein was high in late luteal regression (day 17) and 36 h after PGF(2alpha) administration. These findings indicate a close temporal association between VEGF expression and angiogenesis in the equine corpus luteum during its functional lifespan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Al-zi'abi
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002196:Capillaries; D002455:Cell Division; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D015237:Dinoprost