title: Molecular analyses of Salmonella enterica isolates from fish feed factories and fish feed ingredients.
abstract: Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, S. enterica serovar Montevideo, S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, and S. enterica serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few S. enterica clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. live.nesse@vetinst.no
authors.forename: Live L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nesse
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordby
authors.forename: Even
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heir
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bergsjoe
authors.forename: Traute
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vardund
authors.forename: Halvor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: Gudmund
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holstad
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005399:Fishes; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012703:Serotyping