title: Role of the innate immune system in the development of chronic colitis.
abstract: Based on Pasteur's work on the microbial nature of fermentation, it was widely believed that the presence of bacteria in the intestine was essential for the life of the host. It has also been known for decades that gut commensal microbes effect the activation and development of the systemic immune system through gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Recent extensive studies have shown that recognition of microbes is mediated by a set of germline-encoded receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in mammals. This article reviews the role of the innate immunity system in the development of GALT and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilyama
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uraushihara
authors.forename: Teruji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Totsuka
authors.forename: Motomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamuma
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors