title: Mimicking phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin on serine-59 is necessary and sufficient to provide maximal protection of cardiac myocytes from apoptosis.
abstract: AlphaB-crystallin (alphaBC), a small heat shock protein expressed in high levels in the heart, is phosphorylated on Ser-19, 45, and 59 after stress. However, it is not known whether alphaBC phosphorylation directly affects cell survival. In the present study, constructs were prepared that encode forms of alphaBC harboring Ser to Ala (blocks phosphorylation) or Ser to Glu (mimics phosphorylation) mutations at positions 19, 45, and 59. The effects of each form on apoptosis of cultured cardiac myocytes after hyperosmotic or hypoxic stress were assessed. Compared with controls, cells that expressed alphaBC with Ser to Ala substitutions at all three positions, alphaBC(AAA), exhibited more stress-induced apoptosis. Cells expressing either alphaBC(AAE) or (EEE) exhibited 3-fold less apoptosis than cells expressing alphaBC(AAA), indicating that phosphorylation of Ser-59 confers protection. alphaBC is known to bind to procaspase-3 and to decrease caspase-3 activation. Compared with cells expressing alphaBC(AAA), the activation of caspase-3 was decreased by 3-fold in cells expressing alphaBC(AAE). These results demonstrate that mimicking the phosphorylation of alphaBC on Ser-59 is necessary and sufficient to confer caspase-3 inhibition and protection of cardiac myocytes against hyperosmotic or hypoxic stress. These findings provide direct evidence that alphaBC(S59P) contributes to the cardioprotection observed after physiologically relevant stresses, such as transient hypoxia. Identifying the targets of alphaBC(S59P) will reveal important details about the mechanism underlying the cytoprotective effects of this small heat shock protein.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, Calif 92182, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thuerauf
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Glembotski
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D018716:Molecular Mimicry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain; D013012:Sorbitol; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases