title: The spectrum of accidental childhood poisoning in the Caribbean.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess accidental poisoning in children in the Caribbean country of Antigua and Barbuda, including the incidence, the types of substances ingested, the age of the children involved, and the clinical outcomes. The results from Antigua and Barbuda were compared with the results of other reports from the English-speaking Caribbean and from the United States of America.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the charts of all patients less than 13 years old admitted to the Children's Ward at Holberton Hospital in Antigua for accidental poisoning between March 1989 and March 1999. Those data were compared with data from earlier reports from Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and the United States of America.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Antigua and Barbuda there were 255 hospital admissions for accidental poisoning among children below 13 years old over that 10-year period. Of the 255 ingestions, 115 of them (45%) were in 1-year-old children, 69 (27%) were in 2-year-old children, and 26 (10%) were in 3-year-old children. These proportions in Antigua and Barbuda are similar to the age patterns seen in the other countries with which we made comparisons. In Antigua and Barbuda there was an annual average of 26 hospital admissions for poisoning for the roughly 20,000 children below 13 years of age, for a rate of 1.3 per 1,000. In comparing the patterns of childhood poisoning in all the countries we studied, we found that, as economic levels rose, there was a shift in the substances ingested, with hydrocarbon and plant ingestions decreasing and chemical and medication ingestions increasing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increasing variety and complexity of poisonous substances ingested as economic conditions improve. This trend would make the establishment of a poison control center for the English-speaking Caribbean a logical step.
authors.affiliation: Holberton Hospital, Paediatric Service, St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda. martint@candw.ag
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brinkman
mesh_terms: D000958:Antigua and Barbuda / Q000453:epidemiology; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000506:poisoning; D007223:Infant; D007648:Kerosene / Q000506:poisoning; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011042:Poisons / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007648:Kerosene; D011042:Poisons; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite