title: Neopterin and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha in the cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients: no evidence of intrathecal inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous reports support the idea that inflammatory and/or immunological processes contribute to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Most of the data are, however, based on findings from body compartments outside the central nervous system (CNS). We measured the concentrations of the inflammatory marker neopterin and the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-alpha (MIP-1alpha) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acutely psychotic schizophrenic patients and of healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of neopterin was measured in the CSF of 11 schizophrenic patients by radioimmunoassay, and of MIP-1alpha in the CSF from 8 patients using ELISA. Control CSF was collected from 10 and 8 healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences in CSF neopterin or MIP-1alpha were detected between patients and controls or between the patient samples obtained on hospital admission and after the treatment period associated with clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings argue against the hypothesis that active inflammatory processes are part of the pathophysiology of acute psychotic episodes in schizophrenia. The possible mechanisms explaining the previously reported aberrations of mononuclear cells and cytokines in schizophrenia are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland. heikki.nikkila@hus.fi
authors.forename: Heikki V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nikkilä
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahokas
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wahlbeck
authors.forename: Ranan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rimón
authors.forename: Leif C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019798:Neopterin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019798:Neopterin