title: Chemoradiation of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma: impact of pretreatment hemoglobin level on patterns of failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma undergoing concomitant chemoradiation, the impact of pretreatment hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on the outcome in terms of clinical response, local control, metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients undergoing concomitant chemoradiation (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], 1,000 mg/m(2)/day, continuous i.v. infusion days 1-4 of radiotherapy) and external beam radiotherapy (50.4-59.4 Gy) were divided into two groups based on pretreatment median Hb value (11.5 g/dl). The potential prognostic factors examined besides Hb concentration were: tumor site (head vs body-tail), sex (female vs male), cN (cN0 vs nC1), dose of external beam radiotherapy (50.4 Gy vs 59.4 Gy), presence of jaundice at diagnosis (yes vs no), weight loss at diagnosis (> or = 5 kg vs < 5 kg), epigastric-lumbar pain at diagnosis (yes vs no), maximum tumor diameter (< 40 mm vs > or = 40 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment Hb ranged between 9.6 and 15.0 g/dl. No statistically significant differences were observed as for clinical response and local control between patients with an Hb < or = 11.5 g/dl and those with an Hb > 11.5 g/dl. Metastasis-free survival was 5.1 months in patients with an Hb < or = 11.5 g/dl and 10.7 months in patients with an Hb > 11.5 g/dl (p = 0,010). Median actuarial disease-free survival was 5.1 and 10.2 months in patients with an Hb < or = 11.5 and > 11.5 g/dl, respectively (p = 0.026). Median actuarial overall survival was 7.5 and 10.3 months in patients with an Hb < or = 11.5 and > 11.5 g/dl; respectively (p = 0.039). On multivariate analysis, Hb concentration at diagnosis was the only factor prognostically correlated with metastasis-free survival (p = 0.026), disease-free survival (p = 0.032), and overall survival (p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a group of patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma treated with chemoradiation, a significant correlation was observed between pretreatment Hb levels and metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Morganti
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macchia
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smaniotto
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trodella
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: Numa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cellini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005472:Fluorouracil