title: Neuropsychiatric manifestations in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [NPSLE] and prognostic factors were studied in 91 patients. There were 98 NP episodes, of which 78 (79.6%) occurred within the first year of the disease. Twenty-six patients (6.7%) had NPSLE as an initial presentation of the disease. There were seizures in 53 episodes (54.1%), psychosis in 13 (13.3%), acute confusion state in 11 (11.2%), abnormal consciousness in 6 (6.1%), transverse myelitis in 6 (6.1%), peripheral neuropathy in 5 (5.1%), cerebral infarction in 2 (2.0%) and aseptic meningitis in 2 (2.0%). Most forms of NPSLE responded well to high dose corticosteroids. Anti-convulsant therapy could be discontinued within a median duration of 3 months after the SLE activity was under control, and without significant recurrence of seizures. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of patients with NPSLE were 75.9% and 50.6%, respectively. Patients with NPSLE had significantly more cutaneous vasculitis and less arthritis than those without.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nuntana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasitanon
authors.forename: Worawit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Louthrenoo
authors.forename: Sucheep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piyasirisilp
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sukitawu
authors.forename: Ramjai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wichainun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013785:Thailand; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide