title: ICOS costimulation in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: For years, medical researchers have striven to develop selective immunotherapies that could specifically ameliorate pathogenic immune responses without immunocompromising the patient. Blockade of many known receptors on T cells can inhibit the initiation of immune responses. However, this approach is problematic in that it is not possible to predict the onset of disease in patients. Current immunotherapies are unsatisfactory for the sporadic exacerbating type of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), because they require either long-term treatment or acute treatment with high-dose immunosuppressants. With regard to this issue, the inducible and inflammatory site-specific molecule, inducible costimulator (ICOS), may be particularly useful as an ideal targeting molecule for the strategy of treatment of human IBD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Teruji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Totsuka
authors.forename: Katsunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; C556692:ICOS protein, human; C556694:Icos protein, mouse; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein