title: Substrate-specific function of the translocon-associated protein complex during translocation across the ER membrane.
abstract: Although the transport of model proteins across the mammalian ER can be reconstituted with purified Sec61p complex, TRAM, and signal recognition particle receptor, some substrates, such as the prion protein (PrP), are inefficiently or improperly translocated using only these components. Here, we purify a factor needed for proper translocation of PrP and identify it as the translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex. Surprisingly, TRAP also stimulates vectorial transport of many, but not all, other substrates in a manner influenced by their signal sequences. Comparative analyses of several natural signal sequences suggest that a dependence on TRAP for translocation is not due to any single physical parameter, such as hydrophobicity of the signal sequence. Instead, a functional property of the signal, efficiency of its post-targeting role in initiating substrate translocation, correlates inversely with TRAP dependence. Thus, maximal translocation independent of TRAP can only be achieved with a signal sequence, such as the one from prolactin, whose strong interaction with the translocon mediates translocon gating shortly after targeting. These results identify the TRAP complex as a functional component of the translocon and demonstrate that it acts in a substrate-specific manner to facilitate the initiation of protein translocation.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Ryen D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fons
authors.forename: Brigitte A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bogert
authors.forename: Ramanujan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D008861:Microsomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011328:Prions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011328:Prions; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011510:Proteolipids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C020485:proteoliposomes; C066973:signal sequence receptor