title: Codon 64 of K-ras gene mutation pattern in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by bleomycin and 1-nitropyrene in A/J mice.
abstract: Bleomycin is a radiomimetic antitumor agent with unique genotoxic properties. 1-nitropyrene is an environmental mutagen and carcinogen that undergoes both oxidative and reductive metabolism. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinomas were induced in male A/J mice by the intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin (120 mg/kg) followed by the intraperitoneal administration of 1-nitropyrene (total dose: 1,575 mg/kg). In order to understand the mechanism by which these two compounds induce hepatocellular carcinomas, the incidence and spectrum of mutations in the K-ras proto-oncogene in these hepatocellular carcinomas were analyzed. The hepatocellular carcinomas were induced by the administration of bleomycin and 1-nitropyrene were evaluated for point mutations in exon 1 and exon 2 of the K-ras gene by the polymerase chain reaction and a sequencing analysis. No mutation was found in the hotspots regions of the K-ras gene codon 12, 13, or 61. However, the codon 64 of the K-ras gene mutation was identified in 10 of 10 (100%) hepatocellular carcinomas. All mutations showed the same pattern, which was TAC-CAC transition. Codon 64 of the K-ras gene mutation may thus play an important role in the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas by bleomycin in the existence of 1-nitropyrene. As far as we know, this is the first report of a codon 64 mutation in the K-ras gene in a chemically induced tumor.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Xin-Hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Miiru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003062:Codon / Q000187:drug effects*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000187:drug effects*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D009154:Mutation; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D011721:Pyrenes; D001761:Bleomycin; C032668:1-nitropyrene