title: The vanC-3 vancomycin resistance gene cluster of Enterococcus flavescens CCM 439.
abstract: Enterococcus flavescens CCM 439 is phenotypically similar to Enterococcus casseliflavus; it possesses intrinsic low-level resistance to vancomycin and has the VanC phenotype. The complete vanC-3 vancomycin resistance gene cluster was cloned and sequenced, and found to contain five open reading frames. These encoded five proteins that displayed a high degree of amino acid identity to the proteins of the vanC-2 cluster of E. casseliflavus. The serine racemases displayed the lowest degree of identity (97%), whereas the response regulators VanR(C-2) and VanR(C-3) were 100% identical. Long-PCR-RFLP analysis of the vanC-3 and vanC-2 gene clusters distinguished E. flavescens CCM 439 from E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788 due to the absence of a single EcoRV restriction endonuclease site from the E. flavescens gene cluster. However, the lack of nucleotide divergence between the sequences of the vanC-2 and vanC-3 clusters casts doubt on the validity of E. flavescens and E. casseliflavus being classed as distinct species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
authors.forename: Ireena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C079914:VanC protein, Bacteria