title: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 cooperate to restrict proliferative life span in differentiating ovarian cells.
abstract: The timing of cellular exit from the cell cycle during differentiation is specific for each cell type or lineage. Granulosa cells in the ovary establish quiescence within several hours after the ovulation-inducing luteinizing hormone surge, whereas they undergo differentiation into corpora lutea. The expression of Cdk inhibitors p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p27(Kip1) is up-regulated during this process, suggesting that these cell cycle inhibitors are involved in restricting proliferative capacity of differentiating granulosa cells. Here we demonstrate that the lack of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1) synergistically renders granulosa cells extended an proliferative life span. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that corpora lutea of p27(Kip1), p21(Cip1) double-null mice showed large numbers of cells with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and high proliferative cell nuclear antigen expression, which were more remarkable than those in p27(Kip1) single-deficient mice showing modest hyperproliferation. In contrast, differentiating granulosa cells in p21(Cip1)-deficient mice ceased proliferation similarly to those in wild-type mice. Interestingly, granulosa cells isolated from p27(Kip1), p21(Cip1) double-null mice exhibited markedly prolonged proliferative life span in culture, unlike cells with other genotypes. Cultured p27(Kip1), p21(Cip1) double-null granulosa cells maintained expression of steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropin receptors through 8-10 passages and could undergo further differentiation in responses to cAMP accumulation. Thus, the cooperation of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1) is critical for withdrawal of granulosa cells from the cell cycle, in concert with luteal differentiation and possibly culture-induced senescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Siwanon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jirawatnotai
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Stocco
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: Dale B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: Geula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gibori
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016213:Cyclins / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases