title: [Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, flt-1 and kinase insert domain-containing receptor in normal human endometrium during menstrual cycle].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors, the fms-like tyrosine (flt-1), kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) in normal human endometrium during menstrual cycle and investigate the functions of VEGF and its receptors for development and differentiation of human endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to measure the level of VEGF, flt-1 and KDR protein and mRNA in normal endometrium from 50 women. Few samples of endometrium respectively in the proliferative and secretory phase were homogenized for Western Blot analysis of VEGF subtypes. The blood vessel density was estimated by counting staining with a endothelial marker VIII factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VEGF and its receptors mainly expressed in endometrial endothelial cells and gland epithelium. The level of VEGF, protein and mRNA, as well as flt-1 in mid-secretory and menstrual phase were highest (P < 0.05). The expression in early proliferative phase was lowest. KDR was with more intense expression from mid-proliferative phase to westrual phase. The acreage of the blood vessel wall and cavity was larger in the secretory than that in proliferative phase (P < 0.05), but those number of the blood vessels didn't alter through the menstrual cycle (P > 0.05). Western Blot analysis showed stained VEGF bands in 34,000 (VEGF(121)), 46,000 (VEGF(165)), 54,000 (VEGF(189)), 68,000 (VEGF(206)), predominantly in 34,000 and 46,000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF, flt-1 and KDR, including both protein and mRNA, showed a pronounced menstrual cycle-dependent expression in cycling endometrium. VEGF and its receptors expressing higher in secretory phase and menstruation probably be involved in embryonic implantation and endometrial shedding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2