title: Telemedicine for acute stroke: triumphs and pitfalls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Telemedicine is emerging as a potential timesaving, efficient means for evaluating patients experiencing acute stroke. In areas where local stroke care specialists are not available, telemedicine can link an emergency department physician with a specialist in a stroke treatment center. This consultation provides an opportunity for administration of thrombolytic drugs within the short therapeutic time window associated with ischemic stroke. Here, we describe our stroke treatment center experiences and report safe administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) during telemedicine consultation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The University of Maryland Medical Center uses a triplexed integrated services digital network line providing a 30--frames-per-second video link to St Mary's Hospital >100 miles away. The system uses a pan, tilt, and zoom camera with remote site control, allowing 2-way, real-time, audiovisual communication and CT image transfer. We retrospectively reviewed all acute stroke consultations provided to St Mary's Hospital between 1999 and 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed 50 consultations. Of the 50, 23 were attempted through telemedicine linkage, and 27 were by traditional telephone conversation, followed by transfer. Of the 23 telemedicine consultations, 2 were aborted because of technical difficulties. Of the patients evaluated by traditional means, 1 of 27 (3.8%) received intravenous rtPA; 5 of 21 (23.8%) received rtPA after telemedicine consultation. No patients experienced complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telemedicine consultation provided treatment options not previously available at the remote hospital. Administration of rtPA during telemedicine consultation was feasible and safe, and the system was well received. Lack of reimbursement for telemedicine services will hinder widespread adaptation of this promising technology for remote acute stroke treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Maryland Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Room N4W46, Baltimore MD 21201, USA. mlamonte@som.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Marian P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: LaMonte
authors.forename: Mona N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bahouth
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Mohammed Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Pathan
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Yarbrough
authors.forename: Ruwani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gunawardane
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crarey
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008396:Maryland; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018401:Sample Size; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D013689:Telephone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator