title: Oxidation and textural characteristics of butter and ice cream with modified fatty acid profiles.
abstract: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate oxidation and firmness of butter and ice cream made with modified milkfat containing enhanced amounts of linoleic acid or oleic acid. The influence of the fatty acid profile of the HO milkfat relating to product properties as compared with the influence the fatty acid profile of the HL milkfat was the main focus of the research. Altering the degree of unsaturation in milkfat may affect melting characteristics and oxidation rates, leading to quality issues in dairy products. Three milkfat compositions (high-oleic, high-linoleic, and control) were obtained by modifying the diets of Holstein cows. Ice cream and butter were processed from milkfat obtained from cows in each dietary group. Butter and ice cream samples were analyzed to determine fatty acid profile and firmness. High-oleic milkfat resulted in a softer butter. Solid fat index of high-oleic and high-linoleic milkfat was lower than the control. Control ice cream mix had higher viscosity compared with high-oleic and high-linoleic, but firmness of all ice creams was similar when measured between -17 and -13 degrees C. Nutritional and textural properties of butter and ice cream can be improved by modifying the diets of cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. sgonzale@vt.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Herbein
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D002417:Cattle; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005524:Food Technology; D007054:Ice Cream / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011897:Random Allocation; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005227:Fatty Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002079:Butter; D019787:Linoleic Acid