title: Locally advanced/inflammatory breast cancers treated with intensive epirubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy: are there molecular markers in the primary tumour that predict for 5-year clinical outcome?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locally advanced and/or inflammatory breast cancer (LABC) is a heterogeneous disease. Molecular markers may help to understand this heterogeneity. This paper reports the results of a study assessing the potential prognostic or predictive value of HER-2, p53, cyclinD1, MIB1, ER and PgR expression by immunohistochemistry from patients included in an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 448 patients with a cytological or histological diagnosis of LABC were randomised into a trial comparing two anthracycline-based neoadjuvant regimens. Chemotherapy was followed by standard locoregional therapy. Survival was comparable in both arms. We collected and analysed centrally paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 187 (72.5%) of 258 patients that had a histological diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients included in this molecular marker study 114 relapsed and 91 died. In the multivariate analysis p53 positivity was associated with a shorter progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.96; 95% CI 1.33-2.91; P = 0.0008) and a shorter overall survival (HR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.28-3.06; P = 0.002). PgR positivity predicted for a longer overall survival (HR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.35-0.83; P = 0.0045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p53 was an independent factor predicting for survival. In order to clarify whether p53 is a pure prognostic and/or a predictive factor, a phase III trial is being conducted (EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 study) using functional assay in yeast from frozen tumour samples.
authors.affiliation: Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland. Herve.Bonnefoi@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonnefoi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diebold-Berger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Therasse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Vijver
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: MacGrogan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drijkoningen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larsimont
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccart
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019938:Cyclin D1; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015251:Epirubicin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53