Cognitive and attentional changes with age: evidence from attentional blink deficits.
The attentional blink (AB) is a marked deficit in detecting a second target for up to 600 ms within a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The phenomenon of the AB has typically been investigated using college students between 18 and 25 years of age. However, the AB has not been closely studied within a senior population. Past studies have found age-related attentional deficits using cued location, visual conjunction search, and divided-attention tasks, all spatial measures of attention; however, the physiological basis of these deficits is not fully understood. The role of cognitive slowing and reduced attentional resources was examined using the AB paradigm--a temporal measure of attention. Experiment 1 found an age-related deficit independent of lag for the single-task condition and a larger more prolonged deficit for dual-task conditions. Experiment 2, using similar methods to Experiment 1, incorporated a more rigorous cognitive screen. A similar deficit was found for the dual-task condition. However, single-task trials appeared to involuntarily capture attentional resources for the older population. Comparisons revealed a significant difference in the magnitude and the time course of the AB with age. Results are discussed in the context of cognitive slowing and reduced attentional resources.
Maciokas
James B
JB
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. jbm@unr.nevada.edu
Crognale
Michael A
MA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged