title: Immature rat myeloid dendritic cells generated in low-dose granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor prolong donor-specific rat cardiac allograft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because the differential polarization of T cells in response to antigen presentation is dependent on the maturational state of dendritic cells (DCs), we hypothesized that the adoptive transfer of immature myeloid DCs (iMDCs) would prolong graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied the effects of transfer of iMDCs and mature myeloid DCs (mMDCs) on rat cardiac allograft survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas iMDCs that do not express costimulatory molecules induce allogeneic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in coculture studies, mMDCs that express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II costimulatory and maturation molecules induce a robust allostimulatory T-cell response. Adoptive transfer of Wistar Furth iMDCs, unlike mMDCs, 7 days before cardiac transplantation significantly prolonged graft survival. It was important that adoptive transfer of iMDCs combined with 0.5 mL antilymphocyte serum (ALS) transient immunosuppression on day -7 led to donor-specific permanent graft survival in 50% of recipients. In contrast, adoptive transfer of mMDCs combined with ALS led to graft survival similar to that in recipients treated with ALS alone. Stimulation of CD4 T cells isolated from the spleen of unresponsive allograft recipients with donor antigen resulted in donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta but not IL-4 and interferon-gamma. The tolerant T-cell unresponsiveness was reversed by the addition of IL-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirming the immunoregulatory effect of immature DCs indicate that induction of transplant tolerance by iMDCs is partly dependent on in vivo generation of regulatory T cells. This finding suggests that immunization with immature donor DCs has therapeutic potential for the induction of transplant tolerance and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Hector A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: DePaz
authors.forename: Olakunle O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Oluwole
authors.forename: Ayotunde O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Adeyeri
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Ming-Xing
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Soji F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Oluwole
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor