title: Cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity predicts long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The baroreceptor reflex arc is important in the short-term regulation of the cardiovascular system, and small studies have reported impaired cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) after acute stroke. However, the prognostic significance of impaired BRS is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four patients underwent simultaneous ECG and noninvasive beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring within 72 hours of neuroradiologically confirmed acute ischemic stroke. Cardiac BRS was assessed from the combined alpha-index by means of power spectral analysis techniques. Baseline data for acute stroke patients were compared with those of a control group matched for age, sex, and casual BP. Patients were followed up for a median of 1508 days (range, 9 to 2656 days), and outcome was compared between patients with and without impaired BRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median BRS values were significantly lower in stroke patients than in controls (5 [interquartile range, 3.5 to 7.4] versus 6.2 [interquartile range, 4.5 to 8.3] ms/mm Hg; P=0.04). Sixty-one (33 male) patients (mean age, 70.2 [SD 10.5] years) had impaired BRS (< or =5.0 ms/mm Hg) compared with 63 (35 male) patients (mean age, 70.6 [SD 11.7] years) without impaired BRS (>5.0 ms/mm Hg). Stroke patients with impaired BRS values had a significantly poorer prognosis (28% versus 8% mortality rate during the follow-up period) although there were no differences in age, stroke severity, stroke type, or casual or 24-hour BP parameters between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired cardiac BRS is associated with increased long-term mortality after acute ischemic stroke, irrespective of age, sex, stroke type, and BP. This may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown, although therapies that improve cardiac BRS after stroke warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine for the Elderly, Leicester Warwick Medical School, Leicester, UK. tgr2@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Thompson G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Penelope J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Eames
authors.forename: Ronney B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Panerai
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome