1,4-Dichlorobenzene-Induced liver tumors in the mouse: evaluation of the role of chlorohydroquinones.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) is a wide-spread environmental contaminant and well-described hepatotoxicant for rats and mice. The prolonged oral or inhalation exposure to 1,4-DCB is associated with an increased frequency of hepatic tumors in mice, but not in rats. Evidence is lacking of direct genotoxicity with 1,4-DCB or its metabolites, and no generally accepted mechanism has been found to account for the increased numbers of 1,4-DCB-induced hepatic tumors in mice. No information is available on the carcinogenic effects of 1,4-DCB in humans. Here we consider evidence that the biotransformation of 1,4-DCB to substituted hydroquinone species contributes to hepatic adenoma and carcinoma formation in mouse liver. This phenomenon has implications for human carcinogenesis.
Muller
Michael
M
Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute Concord RG Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia. mmuller@med.usyd.edu.au
D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats
D002273:Carcinogens; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D006873:Hydroquinones; C018511:4-dichlorobenzene