title: Gene expression patterns in renal cell carcinoma assessed by complementary DNA microarray.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma comprises several histological types with different clinical behavior. Accurate pathological characterization is important in the clinical management of these tumors. We describe gene expression profiles in 41 renal tumors determined by using DNA microarrays containing 22,648 unique cDNAs representing 17,083 different UniGene Clusters, including 7230 characterized human genes. Differences in the patterns of gene expression among the different tumor types were readily apparent; hierarchical cluster analysis of the tumor samples segregated histologically distinct tumor types solely based on their gene expression patterns. Conventional renal cell carcinomas with clear cells showed a highly distinctive pattern of gene expression. Papillary carcinomas formed a tightly clustered group, as did tumors arising from the distal nephron and the normal kidney samples. Surprisingly, conventional renal cell carcinomas with granular cytoplasm were heterogeneous, and did not resemble any of the conventional carcinomas with clear cytoplasm in their pattern of gene expression. Characterization of renal cell carcinomas based on gene expression patterns provides a revised classification of these tumors and has the potential to supply significant biological and clinical insights.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: John P T
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shinghal
authors.forename: Harcharan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terris
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fero
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Rijn
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000473:pathology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005810:Multigene Family; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009399:Nephrons / Q000473:pathology; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D014746:Vimentin; D007633:Keratins; D015260:Neprilysin