title: Effects of diet fermentability on efficiency of microbial nitrogen production in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Effect of diet fermentability on efficiency of microbial N production was evaluated. Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows (55 +/- 15.9 days in milk; mean +/- SD) were used in a duplicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Experimental diets contained either ground high moisture corn (HM) or dry ground corn (DG) at two dietary starch concentrations (32 vs. 21%). All diets were formulated for 18% CP, and the sources of dietary protein were alfalfa silage (50% of forage at DM basis), soybean meal, distillers grain, and blood meal. The amount of OM truly fermented in the rumen varied from 7.7 (DG at 21% dietary starch) to 11.3 kg/d (HM at 32% dietary starch) among treatments, and was greater for high starch diets and HM treatments compared with low starch diets and DG treatments, respectively. Microbial N flow was greater for high starch diets compared with low starch diets, but was not affected by corn grain treatment. Microbial efficiency was lower for HM compared with DG treatment (39.7 vs. 48.4 g of microbial N/kg of true ruminally degraded OM), but was not affected by dietary starch concentration. Microbial efficiency was positively correlated with rate of passage for OM and starch (r = 0.77 and 0.75, respectively). Rapid passage rate may have decreased microbial turnover in the rumen, enhancing microbial efficiency. Microbial efficiency was negatively correlated with rate of starch digestion (r = -0.55), consistent with the energy spilling theory. However, energy spilling did not appear to be from lack of ammonia or low ruminal pH. Microbial efficiency was not related to ruminal ammonia concentration, daily mean ruminal pH, or minimum ruminal pH. Rate of starch availability and rates of passage for starch and OM from the rumen are important determinants of efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014867:Water; D013213:Starch; D009584:Nitrogen