title: Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 concentrations are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) in peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis and to identify the cells that produce this inflammatory protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen women with and 9 women without endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  ENA-78 protein and mRNA levels were compared among women with and without endometriosis in samples of peritoneal fluid, samples of endometriotic lesions obtained by biopsy during laparoscopy, and peritoneal macrophages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization methods were used. Secretion of ENA-78 protein by interleukin-1beta-stimulated endometriotic stromal cells and in the media of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were compared to that in unstimulated cell cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritoneal fluid concentrations of ENA-78 were significantly higher in affected women than in controls. Ectopic epithelial and stromal cells and peritoneal macrophages express ENA-78 messenger RNA. Interleukin-1beta stimulation of stromal cell cultures resulted in a 23-fold increase in ENA-78 concentration, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of peritoneal macrophages increased concentrations by 8-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of ENA-78 are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Ectopic glandular cells, ectopic stromal cells, and peritoneal macrophages express this inflammatory chemokine. Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. michel.mueller@insel.ch
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzucchelli
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buri
authors.forename: Dan I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Lebovic
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dreher
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger