title: Characterization of a stapes ankylosis family with a NOG mutation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the otologic phenotype in a family with autosomal dominant stapes ankylosis, hyperopia, and skeletal abnormalities caused by a mutation in the noggin gene (NOG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight affected and 3 unaffected family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  History, physical and radiologic examination, and surgical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although affected members were initially presumed to have typical nonsyndromic otosclerosis, the clinical data were most consistent with an autosomal dominant congenital stapes ankylosis syndrome. Eight of eight affected family members had bilateral low-frequency conductive hearing loss. Six of eight underwent fenestration procedures and/or stapedectomies. All members with initial postoperative closure of the air-bone gap returned to their baseline conductive loss within 2 years. Two affected family members had documented maximal conductive hearing loss by age 4, and two members without previous otologic surgery have not experienced sensorineural hearing loss. High-resolution temporal bone computed tomography showed stapes ankylosis and indistinction of the incudomalleal junction bilaterally and bony regrowth over the stapedotomy for those with stapedectomies. Detailed physical and radiologic examination identified multiple other skeletal abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this phenotype may present as classic otosclerosis to the otolaryngologist, detailed investigation revealed a congenital stapes ankylosis syndrome. Because is essential in regulating normal bone development and maturation, mutations in this gene may be associated with excessive bony overgrowth and refixation of the stapes footplate after initial successful surgery. Patients with hereditary conductive hearing loss should be assessed to rule out subtle features of a skeletal syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Theresa B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Strouse
authors.forename: Sayoko E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moroi
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gebarski
authors.forename: Marci M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lesperance
mesh_terms: D000844:Ankylosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004550:Elbow / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005385:Fingers / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013199:Stapes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000099176:Noggin Protein