title: Dry eye and delayed tear clearance: "a call to arms.".
abstract: Dry eye may activate components of the ocular surface early warning system. Ocular surface stresses in dry eye, such as hyperosmolarity, could activate cellular stress pathways such as MAPKs. IL-1 and MMP-9 produced by the ocular surface epithelial cells may mediate initial events in the inflammatory cascade of dry eye through a dynamic interplay between them on the ocular surface.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pflugfelder
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.forename: De-Quan
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9