title: Factors predictive of 5-year survival after transarterial chemoembolization for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is widely used for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the long-term survival benefit remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment variables were analysed for factors predictive of actual 5-year survival from a prospective database of patients with inoperable HCC treated by TACE between 1989 and 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete 5-year follow-up (median 91 months) was obtained for 320 patients who underwent a median of 4 (range 1-41) TACEs. Median tumour size was 9 (range 1-28) cm. There were 25 5-year survivors (8 per cent), including eight with tumours larger than 10 cm in diameter and three with portal vein branch involvement. On univariate analysis, female gender (P = 0.037), absence of ascites (P = 0.028), platelet count below 150 x10(9) per litre (P = 0.011), albumin concentration greater than 35 g/l (P = 0.04), alpha-fetoprotein level below 1000 ng/ml (P = 0.007), unilobar tumour (P = 0.027), fewer than three tumours (P = 0.015), absence of venous invasion (P = 0.011), and tumour diameter less than 8 cm (P = 0.021) were significant predictors of 5-year survival. Albumin concentration greater than 35 g/l (P = 0.011), unilobar tumour (P = 0.012) and alpha-fetoprotein level below 1000 ng/ml (P = 0.014) were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five-year survival is possible with TACE for inoperable HCC, even in some patients with advanced tumours. Unilobar tumours, alpha-fetoprotein level below 1000 ng/ml and albumin concentration greater than 35 g/l were factors predictive of 5-year survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Centre for the Study of Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'Suilleabhain
authors.forename: R T P
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D007459:Iodized Oil; D002945:Cisplatin