title: [Histopathological changes in sympathetic ganglia of patients treated surgically for palmar-axillary hyperhidrosis. A study of 55 biopsies].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) mainly affects the sympathetic ganglia. This study aims to analyze the histopathological changes in the sympathetic ganglia of patients with PPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 55 tissue samples from 35 patients with PPH who underwent T2-T3 gangliectomy for definitive treatment of their disease, analyzing the presence of inflammation, chromatolysis and lipofuscin accumulation. Findings were analyzed in relation to age, compensatory sweating and type of surgery: unilateral, synchronic bilateral or sequential bilateral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found inflammation in 5.5%, chromatolysis in 61.8% and lipofuscin accumulation in 41.8% of the samples. Chromatolysis and lipofuscin were found without inflammation in 32.1%. Chromatolysis and lipofuscin accumulation were each found in 60% of the samples from synchronic bilateral sympathectomies. However, those percentages decreased between the first and second sympathectomies in sequential procedures, such that chromatolysis was found in 71.4% of first-procedure samples and 42.8% of second-procedure samples; the rates for lipofuscin accumulation changed from 64.2% to 14.2%. Although findings were unrelated to age, they did correlate with compensatory sweating, which was found in 79.7% of patients undergoing synchronic bilateral sympathectomy, 78.5% of sequential bilateral sympathectomy patients and only 56.25% of unilateral sympathectomy patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuronal death and lipofuscin accumulation unrelated to inflammation are evident in sympathetic ganglia from patients with PPH. Such changes are atypical for a group of patients whose mean age is 29 years, unless such lesions are the result of functional hyperstimulation. Surgery performed sequentially does not lead to overloading of contralateral T2-T3 ganglia; on the contrary, decreased injury is evident.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Departament d'Anatomia Humana i Embriologia. Universitat de Barcelona. Spain. jmoya@bell.ub.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villalonga
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008062:Lipofuscin; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008062:Lipofuscin