title: Treatment compliance, passive smoking, and asthma control: a three year cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of treatment compliance and parents' smoking on asthma control in children with recently diagnosed mild or moderate persistent asthma who were prescribed inhaled anti-inflammatory treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 167 children aged 6-12 years (64% boys). Patients were examined at inclusion and followed up for three years with a visit every four months. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured twice a day during the week before each visit. Two control criteria were monitored: (1) symptom control = having diurnal or nocturnal exacerbations less than once a week and no symptoms between exacerbations, at all visits; and (2) PEF control = daily PEF variability <20% on each of the seven days before each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptom control was achieved by 25.1% of children and PEF control by 53.3%. Symptom control was positively related to having understood the way in which the medication worked and taking the prescribed doses (odds ratios (OR) = 3.38 and 4.82 respectively). It was inversely related to smoking within the home (OR = 0.34). PEF control was positively related to taking the prescribed doses (OR = 3.58). It was less frequently achieved if the mother smoked within the home (OR = 0.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that, to maximise the benefits of available asthma medication and to improve health outcomes, further efforts should be made to convince the parents of asthmatic children not to smoke in the house, and to improve compliance by increasing the patients' understanding of the disease and its treatment.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U408 Epidémiologie, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, B.P. 416, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France. dsoussan@bichat.inserm.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soussan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zureik
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Touron
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rogeaux
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neukirch
mesh_terms: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017835:Nedocromil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D017835:Nedocromil; D004205:Cromolyn Sodium