title: The relationship of fetal eye movements to non-stress test results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to correlate ultrasound-observed fetal eye movements with fetal heart rate reactivity to determine its potential role in fetuses with persistent non-reactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 non-stress tests (NSTs) were evaluated in 62 patients referred for fetal surveillance for standard antepartum indications. Ultrasound-observed eye movements, assessed during portions of these NSTs, were categorized as negative (0), intermittent (1-5/min), or rapid (> or = 6/min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the NSTs, 97 were reactive and seven were non-reactive. All studied fetuses were apparently healthy, as the seven patients with persistently non-reactive NSTs had biophysical profile scores of 8/10. During the NSTs, 120 reactive portions and 81 non-reactive portions were evaluated for ultrasound-observed eye movements. During reactive portions, eye movements were negative 19% of the time, intermittent 24% of the time and rapid 56% of the time. During non-reactive portions, eye movements were negative 84% of the time, intermittent 7.8% of the time and rapid 7.8% of the time. All fetuses demonstrating eye movements during non-reactive periods became reactive shortly thereafter, and all of the seven persistently non-reactive fetuses displayed negative ultrasound-observed eye movements throughout the entire observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy fetuses display a strong relationship between non-reactive heart rate tracings and absent or diminished eye movements, consistent with quiet sleep. Conversely, reactive periods are associated with a high incidence of rapid eye movement. Further study is needed in fetuses documented to be hypoxic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hobbins
mesh_terms: D015148:Cardiotocography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005324:Fetal Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal