title: Pattern of Salmonella excretion in amphibians and reptiles in a vivarium.
abstract: During a period of about three years the faeces of five species of amphibians (35 individuals) and of 23 species of reptiles (103 individuals) living in one vivarium with terrariums imitating different types of ecosystems were examined for salmonellae. From 54 out of 376 faecal samples Salmonella spp. was isolated (= 14%). Twenty-one different Salmonella strains were found. Salmonellae could be isolated about twice as often from animals kept under arid or mesic conditions than from animals living in humid or aquatic environments although this was not statistically significant. Statistically significant for the rate of Salmonella excretion was the animals' diet and the class the animals are belonging to. Animals feeding on mice (p = 0.04) and reptiles in general (p = 0.04) were more commonly excreting Salmonella. Duration of stay was also a significant factor (p = 0.0005), whereby the relative risk for Salmonella excretion increased with the factor 2.91 per year during the investigation period. Salmonella strains were not necessarily transferred among animals living in the same terrarium or among the inhabitants of different terrariums. The pattern of Salmonella excretion was generally fragmentary. The outsides as well as the insides of the walls of the terrariums were also tested for salmonellae several times, but salmonellae have never been isolated.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria. silvia.pfleger@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfleger
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benyr
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassl
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000382:microbiology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D012104:Reptiles / Q000382:microbiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000635:transmission