title: Enhancement of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells stimulated with cyclic AMP and NGF by 6-acylated ascorbic acid 2-O-alpha-glucosides (6-Acyl-AA-2G), novel lipophilic ascorbate derivatives.
abstract: It has been shown that ascorbate (AsA) and its stable derivative, ascorbic acid 2-O-alpha-glucoside (AA-2G), do not elicit neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. However, these ascorbates are synergistically enhanced by both dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt(2)cAMP)- and nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in this model. In the present study, the effects of a series of novel lipophilic ascorbate derivatives, 6-acylated ascorbic acid 2-O-alpha-glucosides (6-Acyl-AA-2G), on neurite outgrowth induced by Bt(2)cAMP and NGF were examined in PC12 cells. We found that all the tested acylated ascorbate derivatives enhanced neurite formation induced by both agents in a dose-dependent manner. Of the 6-Acyl-AA-2G derivatives, 6-octanoyl ascorbic acid 2-O-alpha-glucoside (6-Octa-AA-2G) enhanced the Bt(2)cAMP-induced phosphorylated MAPK p44 and p42 expression. A alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, castanospermine, completely abrogated the promotion of neurite outgrowth and MAPK expression by 6-Octa-AA-2G. Addition of 6-Octa-AA-2G (0.5 mM) to PC12 cells caused a rapid and significant increase in intracellular AsA content, which reached a maximum and was maintained from 12 to 24 h after the culture. These findings suggest that 6-Acyl-AA-2G is rapidly hydrolyzed to AsA within the cell and enhances neurite differentiation through the interaction with the inducer-activated MAPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007212:Indolizines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D054836:Indolizidines
chemical_list: D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007212:Indolizines; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; C065378:ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside; C037806:castanospermine; D054836:Indolizidines