title: The anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the avian proventriculus and ventriculus.
abstract: Diseases affecting the proventriculus and ventriculus often present with similar clinical signs. It is important for the avian practitioner to be familiar with these diseases, their prevalence, and the species most commonly affected to judiciously prioritize the appropriate diagnostic techniques. A basic understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the proventriculus and ventriculus is useful in integrating the pathophysiology and clinical signs associated with variable disease processes. It is also essential to evaluate radiographs and endoscopic images, perform diagnostic techniques, make a diagnosis, and provide appropriate therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996-4543, USA. langloisi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Langlois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D001717:Birds / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011531:Proventriculus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*