title: The single-plasma-sample method for determining the glomerular filtration rate with Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in childhood and adolescence: is it age-dependent?
abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of the pre-existing single-plasma-sample method (SPSM) to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) in children and adolescents. In addition, the age-independent SPSM is evaluated with two algorithms (Bubeck and Russell) applied for Tc-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m-MAG3) SPSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 14 patients (12 men and 2 women; age range 3 to 19 yr) with renal diseases. Tc-99m-DTPA (5 MBq/kg) was injected intravenously and thereafter blood samples were taken at 5, 15, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min via the indwelling tube. Radioactivity in the injection syringe and plasma was measured by means of a double-well single-plastic scintillation counter. The "true" GFR as a reference was determined by two methods: 1) 2-exponential curve fitting 7 samples (GFR7) and 2) 1-exponential curve fitting 3 samples between 90 and 150 min (GFR3) in a slow clearance phase. The GFR7 and GFR3 were searched for to the clearance (GFR1) estimated from a plasma concentration at various sample times by means of 3 equations designed for children (Groth & Aasted, Ham-I and -II) and 3 for adults (Christensen & Groth, Jacobsson, Itoh).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the SPSM showed close correlations (r > 0.95) with the reference methods. Among them, Jacobsson's equation at sample time = 120 min tended to be the most accurate (r = 0.9826, RMSE = 7.8 ml/min)). On the other hand, Ham-I's equation at sample time = 120 min was the most accurate, when it was referred to GFR3 in correction for overestimation (r = 0.9951, RMSE = 4.60 ml/min). The Bubeck and Russells' algorithms showed that the regression equation between the GFR7 and the estimates was different in 2 groups of adults (49 cases) and children/adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that Jacobsson's and Christensen & Groth's equations designed for adults are also applicable in determining the GFR with Tc-99m-DTPA in children and adolescents. The algorithms applied for age-independent SPSM with Tc-99m-MAG3 appears to be applicable to SPSM with Tc-99m-DTPA in children, adolescents and adults, but the single age-independent equation with Tc-99m-DTPA will need further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, JR Sapporo General Hospital, Japan. itohka51@ra2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011786:Quality Control; D011866:Radioisotope Renography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate