title: Functional evidence for an intramolecular side chain interaction between residues 6 and 10 of receptor-bound parathyroid hormone analogues.
abstract: The N-terminal domain of PTH(1-34) is critical for PTH-1 receptor (P1R) activation and has been postulated to be alpha-helical when bound to the receptor. We investigated the possibility that the side chains of residues 6 (Gln) and 10 (Gln or Asn) of PTH analogues, which would align on the same face of the predicted alpha-helix, could interact and thereby contribute to the PTH/P1R interaction process. We utilized PTH(1-11), PTH(1-14), and PTH(1-34) analogues substituted with alanine at one or both of these positions and functionally evaluated the peptides in cell lines (HKRK-B7 and HKRK-B28) stably expressing the P1R, as well as in COS-7 cells transiently expressing either the P1R or a P1R construct that lacks the amino-terminal extracellular domain (P1R-DelNt). In HKRK-B7 cells, the single substitutions of Gln(6) --> Ala and Gln(10) --> Ala reduced the cAMP-stimulating potency of [Ala(3),Gln(10),Arg(11)]rPTH(1-11)NH(2) approximately 60- and approximately 2-fold, respectively, whereas the combined Ala(6,10) substitution resulted in a approximately 2-fold gain in potency, relative to the single Ala(6) substitution. Similar effects on P1R-mediated cAMP-signaling potency and P1R-binding affinity were observed for these substitutions in [Aib(1,3),Gln(10),Har(11),Ala(12),Trp(14)]rPTH(1-14)NH(2). Installation of a lactam bridge between the Lys(6) and the Glu(10) side chains of [Ala(3,12),Lys(6),Glu(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]rPTH(1-14)NH(2) increased signaling potency 6-fold, relative to the nonbridged linear analogue. Alanine substitutions at positions 6 and/or 10 of [Tyr(34)]hPTH(1-34)NH(2) did not affect signaling potency nor binding affinity on the intact P1R; however, Ala(6) abolished PTH(1-34) signaling on P1R-DelNt, and this effect was reversed by Ala(10). The overall data support the hypothesis that the N-terminal portion of PTH is alpha-helical when bound to the activation domain of the PTH-1 receptor and they further suggest that intrahelical side chain interactions between residues 6 and 10 of the ligand can contribute to the receptor interaction process.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Petroni
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khatri
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gardella
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000737:chemistry; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D007769:Lactams / Q000737:chemistry; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009893:Opossums; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D051381:Rats; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007769:Lactams; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; C454802:parathyroid hormone (1-11); C430893:parathyroid hormone (1-14)amide; C025076:parathyroid hormone (1-34), bovine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D008239:Lysine