title: Final results of a randomized phase III trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil with a dose-intensified epirubicin and cyclophosphamide + filgrastim as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer: an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of a standard anthracycline-based regimen to a dose-intensified anthracycline regimen in locally advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Locally advanced breast cancer patients were randomly assigned onto a study comparing cyclophosphamide (C; 75 mg/m(2) orally days 1 to 14), epirubicin (E; 60 mg/m(2) intravenously [IV] days 1, 8), and fluorouracil (F; 500 mg/m(2) IV days 1, 8) six cycles every 28 days versus E (120 mg/m(2) IV day 1), C (830 mg/m(2) IV day 1), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim; 5 micro g/kg/d subcutaneously days 2 to 13) six cycles every 14 days. The study was designed to detect a 15% improvement; that is, from 50% to 65% in median progression-free survival (PFS) in favor of the dose-intensified regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 448 patients were enrolled over a period of 3 years. The median dose intensity delivered for C and E reached, respectively, 85% and 87% of that planned in the CEF arm and 96% and 95% of that planned in the EC arm. The dose-intensified arm was slightly more emetogenic and generated more grade 3 to 4 anemia but less febrile neutropenia episodes. After a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 277 events have been reported. The median PFS was 34 and 33.7 months for CEF and EC, respectively (P =.68), and the 5-year survival rate was 53% and 51% for CEF and EC, respectively (P =.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dose-intensified EC does not provide a measurable therapeutic benefit over CEF as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unselected locally advanced breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium. pth@eortc.be
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Therasse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mauriac
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Welnicka-Jaskiewicz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruning
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cufer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonnefoi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomiak
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Piccart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000069585:Filgrastim; D005472:Fluorouracil