title: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system loci and multilocus interactions in young-onset essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system component genes have been associated to essential hypertension. Thus, we studied the association of singe locus or multilocus interactions with young-onset essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study based on a population sample of adolescent at an inner city.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 54 adolescents with hypertension and 121 age-matched normotensives, recruited from a high-school student population of 934 interviewed individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting blood pressure was measured on three different days and normalized (Z-score) by sex and age. Genotypes of ACE (I/D) angiotensinogen (T174M and M235T), ATIR (A1166C), and CYP11B2 (C-344T) were determined by PCR/RFLP or ASO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although genotype frequencies were not different in both groups, we found a significant dominant effect of ACE D and angiotensinogen 235T alleles on normalized systolic arterial blood pressure in males. This effect was confirmed by sib-pair linkage analysis taking normalized blood pressure as a quantitative trait. We independently analyzed multilocus interactions in normotensive and hypertensive adolescents searching for multiple locus deviation from Hardy-Weinberg or linkage equilibrium. We found that from 63 multilocus combinations, 4 deviated significantly from equilibrium in hypertensive adolescents but none in the normotensives. Deviations from equilibrium may indicate that the combination of alleles at different loci affects susceptibility or resistance to the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene variants, gene-gene interactions may be important causative factors in a complex disease such as young-onset essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Patricia I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Silvia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dieuzeide
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pirola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018025:Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018025:Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A