title: Free nipple reduction mammaplasty with a horizontal scar in high-risk patients.
abstract: Women with extremely large and ptotic breasts have many complaints and difficulties during daily life. Conventional reduction mammaplasty techniques are not convenient because the presence of excess tissue beneath and over a long pedicle may cause nipple-areola complex necrosis. These patients mostly have systemic health problems so they benefit from a shorter operative procedure. The amputation method is an option providing rapid surgical operation time and little blood loss but it may lead to a flat, unaesthetic breast with poor projection. In this paper we present an alternative amputation with the use of a backfolded dermoglandular flap and free nipple graft. The inferior pole is amputated. The deepithelialized breast tissue is left on the superior pedicle extending below the 7-cm vertical limb mark. This deepithelialized tissue is tucked to give more central mound projection. The aesthetic outcomes, such as well-rounded breasts with good projection and a hidden scar at the submammary sulcus, have led us to perform this technique, which was first described by the Mansteins in 1997.
authors.affiliation: aylink@superonline.com
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bilgin-Karabulut
authors.forename: Burçak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tümerdem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors