The mouse C-type transient receptor potential 2 (TRPC2) channel: alternative splicing and calmodulin binding to its N terminus.
Channels of the C-type transient receptor potential (TRPC) are involved in agonist-stimulated and capacitative calcium entry. There are seven TRPCs, all of which have a Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain in their C termini. We now tested binding of CaM to TRPC N termini and show that only that of TRPC2 binds CaM in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Four TRPC2 cDNAs have been reported: a (also clone 14), b (also clone 17), alpha, and beta. Sequences responsible for CaM binding in TRPC2 a and b are absent from the alpha and beta isoforms. The alpha and beta cDNAs of TRPC2 were reported as alternative forms, when recloning of TRPC2 a and b proved impossible. Here we analyzed total RNA samples from brain and testis for presence of TRPC2 a and b and describe the splicing patterns responsible for their formation, as well as those leading to the alpha and beta forms of TRPC2. We re-assert existence of RNA encoding the TRPC2 a and b, encoded in 21 exons with an initiator ATG in exon 2 for TRPC2a and in exon 4 for TRCP2b. The analysis of alpha and beta TRPC2 cDNAs indicates that although the TRPC2 beta mRNA may exist, the TRPC2 alpha cDNA is derived from an incompletely processed TRPC2a mRNA: It includes in its presumed 5'-untranslated sequence, 713 nt of TRPC2a cDNA fused to 291 nt of an incompletely excised intron. While encoding an active channel in the mouse, the human TRPC2 appears to be a pseudogene. We searched for the human gene in the data bank and located approximately one-half of it in a chromosomal region syntenic to that of the mouse, with similar intron-exon structure. We conclude that the human TRPC2 gene may never have been an active gene because of incomplete ancestral duplication or, if it was complete at one point, that it became inactive upon loss of chromosomal sequences.
Yildirim
Eda
E
Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Dietrich
Alexander
A
Birnbaumer
Lutz
L
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005091:Exons; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism
D015220:Calcium Channels; D002147:Calmodulin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007473:Ion Channels; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; C491859:TRPC2 protein, human; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels; C121934:TRPM2 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002118:Calcium