title: In vitro cellular handling and in vivo targeting of E-selectin-directed immunoconjugates and immunoliposomes used for drug delivery to inflamed endothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug targeting to activated endothelial cells is now being explored as a new approach to interfere with chronic inflammation. This study compares a dexamethasone-anti-E-selectin immunoconjugate (dexa-AbEsel) with anti-E-selectin immunoliposomes (AbEsel-immunoliposomes) that contain dexamethasone, regarding in vitro binding and internalization as well as in vivo accumulation in activated endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro binding and internalization of dexa-AbEsel and the AbEsel-immunoliposomes into TNFalpha-activated HUVECs was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy and radiolabeled compounds. Tissue accumulation of both compounds was studied in a murine delayed-type hypersensitivity model using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both preparations were selectively internalized by activated endothelial cells. Dexa-AbEsel was internalized by activated HUVECs to a larger extent than the AbEsel-immunoliposomes, although in theory the high drug-loading capacity of the liposomes may enable a larger amount of dexamethasone to be delivered intracellularly. Both dexa-AbEsel and AbEsel-immunoliposomes accumulated in activated endothelial cells in murine inflamed skin. AbEsel-immunoliposomes, but not dexa-AbEsel, were additionally detected in control skin, though to a lesser extent, and in macrophages of the liver and the spleen. Studies on therapeutic effects and side effects in models of chronic inflammation are now necessary to establish pharmacodynamics of dexa-AbEsel and/or AbEsel-immunoliposomes in the treatment of chronic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: Gerben A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Koning
authors.forename: Robbert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Sigridur A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Asgeirsdóttir
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vestweber
authors.forename: Dirk K F
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: Grietje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D008081:Liposomes