title: Prolongation of satiety after low versus moderately high glycemic index meals in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One in 5 American children is overweight, despite a decrease in total fat consumption. This has sparked an interest in the carbohydrate composition of diets, including the glycemic index (GI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a low-GI meal replacement (LMR) produced similar metabolic, hormonal, and satiety responses in overweight adolescents as a low-GI whole-food meal (LWM) when compared with a moderately high-GI meal replacement (HMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, crossover study comparing LMR, HMR, and LWM in 16 (8 male/8 female) adolescents during 3 separate 24-hour admissions. The meal replacements consisted of a shake and a nutrition bar. Identical test meals were provided at breakfast and lunch. Metabolic and hormonal indices were assessed between meals. Measures of participants' perceived satiety included hunger scales and ad libitum food intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incremental areas under the curve for glucose were 46% and 43% lower after the LMR and LWM, respectively, compared with the HMR. Insulin's incremental area under the curve was also significantly lower after both low GI test meals (LMR = 36%; LWM = 51%) compared with the HMR. Additional food was requested earlier after the HMR than the LMR (3.1 vs 3.9 hours, respectively), although voluntary energy intake did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in insulin response between the meal replacements occurred, and prolongation of satiety after the LMR, based on time to request additional food, was observed. We speculate that the prolonged satiety associated with low GI foods may prove an effective method for reducing caloric intake and achieving long-term weight control.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Nutrition Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Shauna D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Laurie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Moyer-Mileur
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: W Daniel
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin