title: One-year growth hormone therapy improves granulocyte function without major effects on nutritional and anthropometric parameters in malnourished hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growth hormone (GH) resistance leads to enhanced protein catabolism and contributes to the malnutrition of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). In short-term trials anabolic effects of rhGH therapy have been demonstrated in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was initiated to determine the effects of 12 months of rhGH therapy on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function as well as on nutritional and anthropometric parameters. 0.125 IU/kg rhGH was given 3 times a week during the first 4 weeks and 0.25 IU/kg thereafter to 19 malnourished hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 59.3 +/- 13.4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations rose significantly from 169.2 +/- 95.6 to 262.9 +/- 144.4 ng/ml (p < 0.01) in the first 3 months, but declined thereafter. Phagocytic activity of PMNLs also increased significantly in response to rhGH therapy and this activation remained stable over the whole 12-month period. Other parameters of PMNL function were not influenced by rhGH therapy. In addition, nutritional parameters such as albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, cholinesterase, predialytic creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were not affected by rhGH therapy. A decline of total body fat (TBF) was observed after 3 and 9 months of rhGH therapy (17.5 +/- 10 vs. 16.7 +/- 10% after 3 months, p < 0.017 and 16.8 +/- 8.7% after 9 months, p < 0.049), whereas lean body mass remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twelve months of rhGH therapy caused a significant increase in IGF-I levels, stimulated phagocytic activity of PMNLs and induced a decline of TBF. Other anthropometric and nutritional parameters were not affected, which might be related to the persistence of GH resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria. harald.kotzmann@utanet.at
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kotzmann
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lercher
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Herwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hörl
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luger
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I