title: Normal chiasmatic routing of uncrossed projections from the ventrotemporal retina in albino Xenopus frogs.
abstract: Albino mammals lacking melanin in the embryonic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have abnormal retinal decussation patterns at the optic chiasm: their uncrossed projections are smaller and arise from fewer, more peripheral temporal retinal ganglion cells than in con-specific wild-types. To determine whether these abnormalities generalize to nonmammalian mutants, we used anterograde and retrograde labeling methods to compare the distribution of retinal projections to the thalamus in adult normal and albino Xenopus frogs. In both pigmentation phenotypes, crossed retinal terminations covered approximately 80% of the neuropil of Bellonci (nB) and corpus geniculatum thalamicum (cgt) and uncrossed inputs occupied, respectively, approximately 75% and 25% of these two main visual centers. In the wild-type frogs and in the albinos, ganglion cells giving rise to the crossed projections were distributed throughout the retina, whereas ipsilaterally projecting cells were confined to a specific ventrotemporal retinal division. This region comprised approximately 40% of the total retinal area, was bordered by a well-defined line of decussation, and contained an average of approximately 3,000 ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells of equivalent soma sizes in the two pigmentation phenotypes. In summary, we found no evidence of chiasmatic misrouting in the uncrossed retinothalamic projections of albino Xenopus, even though these pathways are substantial in normal frogs and share features in common with mammalian retinogeniculate projections. Our findings suggest that congenital RPE melanin deficiency results in major defects in the development of the retina and its central projections only in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University, NorthamptonSquare, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom. s.grant@city.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennard
mesh_terms: D016117:Albinism, Ocular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000166:cytology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000166:cytology; D014981:Xenopus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*