title: Prostaglandin D2 synthase enzymes and PPARgamma are co-expressed in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human tissues.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a critical regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Whilst 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2) has been identified as a putative endogenous ligand for this transcription factor, it is unclear whether the enzymes necessary for 15-d-PGJ2 biosynthesis are co-expressed with PPARgamma. Prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) enzymes represent the terminal enzymatic components responsible for 15-d-PGJ2 production. Both glutathione (GSH)-dependent and GSH-independent PGDS isoenzymes exist. We have, therefore, examined the expression of PGDS isoenzymes in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and various human tissues. The GSH-independent PGDS was found to be expressed in 3T3-L1 cells both before and after their differentiation into adipocytes. By contrast, we were unable to detect expression of the GSH-dependent PGDS at any stage during the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Quantitative analysis of mRNA levels for PPARgamma and each PGDS isoenzyme revealed their co-expression in a number of human tissues and cell types, including adipose tissue, placenta, prostate, and macrophages. These data reveal the potential for de novo 15-d-PGJ2 synthesis in the context of PPARgamma expression, suggesting that this prostaglandin may contribute to PPARgamma signalling in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK. i.r.jowsey@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Jowsey
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Murdock
authors.forename: Gary B T
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hayes
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008024:Ligands; D054834:Lipocalins; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008024:Ligands; D054834:Lipocalins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase; D005978:Glutathione