title: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa is less successful in men with nonobstructive azoospermia than in men with obstructive azoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using testicular spermatozoa in cases of nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary university-based infertility center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall, 595 couples were included. In 360 couples, the man had normal spermatogenesis. In 118, 85, and 32 couples the man had germ-cell aplasia, maturation arrest, and tubular sclerosis/atrophy, all with focal spermatogenesis present.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed 911 ICSI cycles using fresh sperm obtained after testicular biopsies: 306 ICSI cycles used testicular sperm from men with nonobstructive azoospermia, and 605 ICSI cycles used testicular sperm from men with obstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertilization, cleavage, implantation, and pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the 2PN fertilization rate was lower in the nonobstructive group: 48.5% vs. 59.7%. There were no differences in in vitro development or in the morphological quality of the embryos. In the nonobstructive group, a total of 718 embryos were transferred (262 transfers) vs. 1,525 embryos in the obstructive group (544 transfers). Both the clinical implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate per cycle were significantly lower in the nonobstructive group compared with the obstructive group: 8.6% vs. 12.5% and 15.4% vs. 24.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A statistically significant lower rate of fertilization and pregnancy results from ICSI with testicular sperm from men with nonobstructive azoospermia, compared with men with obstructive azoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium. valerie.vernaeve@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vernaeve
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osmanagaoglu
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verheyen
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Steirteghem
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology*