title: Nitric oxide inhibitory isopimarane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia.
abstract: A methanolic extract of Orthosiphon stamineus yielded six new highly oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes, orthosiphols U-Z (1-6), and 15 previously reported diterpenes. The isolated diterpenes all showed significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Orthosiphols A (7), B (8), D (9), and X (4) showed more potent inhibitory activities than a positive control, N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), and 1 displayed the strongest activity with an IC(50) value of 6.4 microM.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awale
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Arjun H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Banskota
authors.forename: I Ketut
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Adnyana
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007214:Indonesia; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D031342:Orthosiphon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide