title: Effects of a diet rich in advanced glycation end products in the rat remnant kidney model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food-derived advanced glycation end product (AGE)-analogues, the Maillard reaction products (MRPs), are formed during heat processing. Mainly low molecular weight MRPs are absorbed partially into the circulation and subsequently excreted in urine. In the presence of renal insufficiency, their removal is impaired, with a prolonged increase in plasma levels. Although bioactivity of orally absorbed MRPs has been shown in both experimental and human studies, its relevance in renal insufficiency still is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the rat remnant-kidney model (five-sixth nephrectomy [5/6NX]), effects of an AGE-rich and an AGE-poor diet were investigated during a period of 6 weeks and compared with effects in sham-operated healthy (control [CTRL]) rats on renal function (serum creatinine level and proteinuria). In the AGE-rich diet, 25% wt/wt of cornstarch was replaced by bread crusts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite pair feeding, the AGE-rich diet resulted in a significant increase in body weight, including weight of the kidney, liver, and heart, in both the CTRL and experimental groups. The AGE-rich diet also enhanced proteinuria in CTRL rats by a factor of 2 and in 5/6NX rats by a factor of 8. Renal function (serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance) in healthy CTRLs did not change significantly. In the 5/6NX group, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tended to even higher levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of an AGE-rich diet for 6 weeks does not impair GFR, but induces an increase in proteinuria, in particular, in the 5/6NX rats, indicating detrimental effects on the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sebeková
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Faist
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schinzel
authors.forename: August
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D003404:Creatinine