title: The cost-effectiveness of hearing-aid fitting in the Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cost-effectiveness of hearing-aid fitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model based on aggregate data and results from a prospective intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cost-effectiveness study was based in the general community. The prospective study was hospital based, as 85% of the first-time hearing-aid users attend a hospital in the process of hearing-aid fitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prospective intervention study included adult first-time hearing-aid users with no contraindications for hearing-aid use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The usual process of hearing-aid fitting in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The QALYs were based on EuroQol scores. We included direct and indirect costs in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean improvement on the EuroQol measure was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.03 to 0.08), and on the hearing-specific visual analog scale, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.31). The base-case outcome based on the EuroQol was 15 807/QALY (US dollars 17 072/QALY) (CI, -24 239/QALY to 3718/QALY).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this base-case estimate, fitting of hearing aids is considered a cost-effective health care intervention. The CI indicates that the result is not unambiguously positive, probably because the EuroQol lacked sensitivity for the evaluation of hearing-aid fitting. Until now, no study has found an effect of hearing-aid fitting on generic quality of life. Therefore, measures are needed that are suitable for the evaluation of the effects of interventions for sensory disabilities, such as the fitting of hearing aids, on generic quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, University Hospital Maastricht, the Netherlands. Mjo@aozg.azm.nl
authors.forename: Manuela A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Joore
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Der Stel
authors.forename: Hans J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Gijs M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Boas
authors.forename: Lucien J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Anteunis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity