title: Comparison of radiographic and photographic measurement of mandibular asymmetry.
abstract: This study compared measurement of mandibular asymmetry by digitization of mandibular outlines from standardized facial photographs and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs. Four ratios were used in calculating asymmetry: area (relative size of right and left mandibular segments), perimeter or length of outlines, compactness (shape), and moment. The records of 28 patients with varying degrees of asymmetry were used. A significant relationship was found for 3 of the ratios (area, compactness, and moment) between measurements from photographs and radiographs. A further comparison showed that measurements from the radiographs correlated more closely with those from photographs when the mastoid processes were used as a baseline, rather than latero-orbitale. Repeatability of mandibular outline digitization proved satisfactory. Although digitization from standardized photographs is the preferred approach, the results indicated that posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs can be used similarly. Unlike other cephalometric analyses for mandibular asymmetry, this method avoids problems of landmark identification, thus presenting a clinically useful method of quantifying asymmetry, eg, in auditing the surgical-orthodontic correction of asymmetry or monitoring change over time.
authors.affiliation: Norman Rowe Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton Lane, Roehampton, London SW15 5PN, United Kingdom. edler@richmond163.freeserve.co.uk
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.forename: Darrel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenhill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008416:Mastoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric