title: Role of nuclear stars in the light flashes observed on Skylab 4.
abstract: The astronauts on Skylab 4 observed bursts of intense visual light-flash activity when their spacecraft passed through the portion of the earth's inner trapped radiation belt known as the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). Two experimental sessions were carried out on board Skylab 4 under the auspices of Pinsky et al. who compare the flash rates with the measured flux of Z > or = 1 particles that would pass through the astronaut's eyes. They concluded that the flash rates, which became as great as 20/min, were anomalously high. We explored a number of alternative explanations for the anomalous flash rates that would be consistent with the accepted SAA flux values and the laboratory data on particle induced visual sensations and found that when one includes the effect of nuclear interactions in and near the retina which result in star formation (the emission of slow protons, neutrons and alpha particles form the nucleus in an evaporation-like process) the apparent anomaly is removed.
authors.affiliation: Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, N.Y., USA.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Filz
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rothwell
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D003624:Darkness; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010719:Phosphenes / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011522:Protons; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019445:Solar Activity; D013020:South America; D013026:Space Flight; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D011522:Protons