title: Particle versus mercury removal efficiency of amalgam separators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intent of this project was to evaluate the efficiency of three commercial amalgam separators based on mercury and particle removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental wastewater samples were collected from a 54-chair dental clinic and a one chair private dental office. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure mercury, and a laser diffractometer method to determine the particle size distributions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mercury removal efficiency of the three units ranged from 26.5 to 61.8% for the 54-chair clinic and from 80.8 to 94.7% for the one chair office. Following treatment, the particle size range of the effluent was 8.3-19.2 microm for the 54-chair office and 27.5-41.4 microm for the one-chair clinic. For particle samples based on the silver-copper and copper standards, the three amalgam separators had a particle removal efficiency ranging from 92.3 to 99.9%. The initial particle size distributions for these samples were all under 100 microm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficiency of the amalgam separators is influenced by the initial concentration of the dental wastewater, the physical setup of the discharge system before the dental wastewater reaches the separators, and the addition of chemicals to the dental wastewater. In addition, it is likely that assessment of efficiency based on particle removal by weight may not be as effective as removal based on concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA. drummond@uic.edu
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tung Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cailas
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003461:Crystallography; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry*; D003748:Dental Equipment / Q000592:standards; D018057:Dental Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008628:Mercury / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D018057:Dental Waste; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D012834:Silver; D003300:Copper; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D008628:Mercury