title: Subjective social status: its determinants and its association with measures of ill-health in the Whitehall II study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was twofold-(1) investigate the role of subjective social status as a predictor of ill-health, with a further exploration of the extent to which this relationship could be accounted for by conventional measures of socioeconomic position; (2) examine the determinants of a relatively new measure of subjective social status used in this study. A 10 rung self-anchoring scale was used to measure subjective social status in the Whitehall II study, a prospective cohort study of London-based civil service employees. Results indicate that subjective status is a strong predictor of ill-health, and that education, occupation and income do not explain this relationship fully for all the health measures examined. The results provide further support for the multidimensional nature of both social inequality and health. Multiple regression shows subjective status to be determined by occupational position, education, household income, satisfaction with standard of living, and feeling of financial security regarding the future. The results suggest that subjective social status reflects the cognitive averaging of standard markers of socioeconomic situation and is free of psychological biases.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Health and Society, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK. archana@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh-Manoux
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006077:Government Agencies; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors