title: Renal cell cancer risk and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene: results of a consecutive case-control study in Arnsberg, Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  German studies of high exposure prevalence have been debated on the renal carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene (TRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive hospital-based case-control study with 134 renal cell cancer (RCC) cases and 401 controls was conducted to reevaluate the risk of TRI in this region which were estimated in a previous study. Exposure was self-assessed to compare these studies. Additionally, the job history was analyzed, using expert-based exposure information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The logistic regression results, adjusted for age, gender, and smoking, confirmed a TRI-related RCC risk in this region. Using the database CAREX for a comparison of industries with and without TRI exposure, a significant excess risk was estimated for the longest held job in TRI-exposing industries (odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.20). Any exposure in "metal degreasing" was a RCC risk factor (OR 5.57, 95% CI 2.33-13.32). Self-reported narcotic symptoms, indicative of peak exposures, were associated with an excess risk (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.80-7.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study supports the human nephrocarcinogenicity of trichloroethylene.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brüning
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pesch
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiesenhütter
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rabstein
authors.forename: Marga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lammert
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumüller
authors.forename: Hermann M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bolt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014241:Trichloroethylene