title: Loco-regional failures in head and neck cancer: can they be effectively salvaged by nonsurgical therapeutic modalities?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective study was carried out to ascertain the extent of efficacy of nonsurgical salvage modalities, mainly chemotherapy (CT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT), for loco-regional failures in head and neck cancer (HNC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1999, 131 patients with HNC, mostly stages III and IV, who had loco-regional residual ( n = 78) or recurrent lesions ( n = 53) following curative therapy with either radiotherapy (RT), neoadjuvant CT (NACT) followed by RT, or concurrent CTRT were included in this analysis. Of these, 84 patients (residual, 58; recurrent, 26), did not receive any form of salvage therapy, while 47 had either CT alone ( n = 22) or CTRT ( n = 25). Endpoints evaluated were: loco-regional response (LRR), post-salvage survival (PS), overall survival (OS), and normal tissue acute and late morbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salvage therapy enabled a LRR in 46.8% of the patients. Both OS and PS were also significantly better for those who received salvage therapy ( P < 0.001). CTRT appears to offer significantly better salvage than CT alone for all the evaluated endpoints. Multivariate analysis for LRR, PS, and OS consistently showed the salvage RT dose to be a significant predictor. Early and late effects of salvage therapy were not influenced by either the salvage or total RT doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loco-regional failures in advanced HNC can be effectively salvaged by CTRT to significantly prolong OS and PS. However, to achieve an optimum therapeutic ratio, the choice of drugs, their schedule, and the RT dose need to be defined through randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Barelli Road, Lucknow-226014, India. nrdatta@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: Niloy Ranjan
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Yoodhvir Singh
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Laxmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naryan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil