title: Dietary protein to metabolizable energy ratios on feed efficiency and structural growth of prepubertal Holstein heifers.
abstract: Sixty Holstein heifers, 124.5 +/- 1.1 d of age and 124.9 +/- 2.5 kg of BW, were used to evaluate the influence of dietary crude protein to metabolizable energy ratio (CP:ME) on feed efficiency, structural growth, and body condition score. Treatment rations containing a specific CP:ME ratio were assigned to heifers in a complete randomized block design with treatment periods lasting 20 wk. The CP:ME ratios were 48.3, 59.1, 67.5, and 76.5 g of CP per Mcal of ME. The CP:ME ratios were altered by adjusting the concentration of CP (12.0,15.2, 17.4, and 19.7% CP) with similar amounts of ME (2.6 Mcal/kg DM) across all treatment rations. BW was recorded weekly on two consecutive days and used to adjust dry matter intake to allow approximately 0.80 kg/d gain. Average daily gain did not differ between the treatment rations, 0.74, 0.81, 0.81, 0.77 kg/d, low to highest CP:ME ratio, respectively. Dry matter intake showed a quadratic effect for the treatment rations, 3.30, 3.41, 3.48, and 3.39 kg/d, low to highest CP:ME ratio, respectively, and averaged 2.0% BW. Feed efficiency improved linearly with increasing CP:ME ratios, 4.76, 4.42, 4.35, and 4.33, respectively. The increased CP:ME ratios were accompanied by increasing levels of plasma urea N, 9.88, 13.34, 14.94, and 16.57 mg/dl, respectively. A trend toward linear increases in wither and hip height growth resulted with increasing CP:ME. Hip width growth was quadratic with increasing CP:ME ratios. Observed linear effects in feed efficiency and some structural growth measurements demonstrate positive results when feeding CP:ME ratios >48.3 to Holstein heifers between 125 and 234 kg of BW and gaining 0.80 kg/d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001824:Body Constitution; D001827:Body Height; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D011897:Random Allocation; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins