title: Chemotactic role of neurotropin 3 in the embryonic testis that facilitates male sex determination.
abstract: The first morphological event after initiation of male sex determination is seminiferous cord formation in the embryonic testis. Cord formation requires migration of pre-peritubular myoid cells from the adjacent mesonephros. The embryonic Sertoli cells are the first testicular cells to differentiate and have been shown to express neurotropin-3 (NT3), which can act on high-affinity trkC receptors expressed on migrating mesonephros cells. NT3 expression is elevated in the embryonic testis during the time of seminiferous cord formation. A trkC receptor tyrophostin inhibitor, AG879, was found to inhibit seminiferous cord formation and mesonephros cell migration. Beads containing NT3 were found to directly promote mesonephros cell migration into the gonad. Beads containing other growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not influence cell migration. At male sex determination the SRY gene promotes testis development and the expression of downstream sex differentiation genes such as SOX-9. Inhibition of NT3 actions caused a reduction in the expression of SOX-9. Combined observations suggest that when male sex determination is initiated, the developing Sertoli cells express NT3 as a chemotactic agent for migrating mesonephros cells, which are essential to promote embryonic testis cord formation and influence downstream male sex differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4231, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cupp
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzumcu
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D002847:Chromatography, Agarose; D005260:Female; D024282:Genes, sry / Q000235:genetics; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008650:Mesonephros / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020933:Neurotrophin 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020812:Receptor, trkC / Q000502:physiology; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000196:embryology; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000502:physiology; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D020933:Neurotrophin 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020812:Receptor, trkC