title: Clinical relevance of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mammary sentinel lymph node procedure can increase the detection of axillary metastases by 45% compared with standard axillary dissection. Some investigators have reported that reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) increases metastasis detection even more, but it is uncertain whether a positive RT-PCR test in the face of a negative histological evaluation is clinically meaningful.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR for epithelial glycoprotein 2 and cytokeratin 19 was performed on sentinel and pooled nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes from 108 women with clinical stage I or II breast cancer who were followed up for a median of 40 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axillary metastases were detected on standard tissue sections in 26% and by RT-PCR in 30%. Results for the two tests were concordant for 80% of the cases. RT-PCR upstaged 16%. Tumors from women whose lymph nodes were positive only by RT-PCR were phenotypically similar to those from women with no metastases detected by any method. Moreover, 4-year actuarial distant disease-free survival was 100% for women with metastases detected by RT-PCR only, as compared with 74% for those with metastases detected by routine histology (P =.03) and 93% for those with no metastases detected by either method (P =.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of sentinel lymph nodes by RT-PCR for epithelial glycoprotein 2 and cytokeratin 19 is unlikely to provide clinically useful information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: Marla W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dudak
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: A Marilyn
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leitch
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saboorian
authors.forename: Adi F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gazdar
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Euhus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D007633:Keratins