title: Diesel exhaust particles in lung acutely enhance experimental peripheral thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pollution by particulates has consistently been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but a plausible biological basis for this association is lacking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) were instilled into the trachea of hamsters, and blood platelet activation, experimental thrombosis, and lung inflammation were studied. Doses of 5 to 500 micro g of DEPs per animal induced neutrophil influx into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with elevation of protein and histamine but without lactate dehydrogenase release. The same doses enhanced experimental arterial and venous platelet rich-thrombus formation in vivo. Blood samples taken from hamsters 30 and 60 minutes after instillation of 50 micro g of DEPs yielded accelerated aperture closure (ie, platelet activation) ex vivo, when analyzed in the Platelet Function Analyser (PFA-100). The direct addition of as little as 0.5 micro g/mL DEPs to untreated hamster blood significantly shortened closure time in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intratracheal instillation of DEPs leads to lung inflammation as well as a rapid activation of circulating blood platelets. The kinetics of platelet activation are consistent with the reported clinical occurrence of thrombotic complications after exposure to pollutants. Our findings, therefore, provide a plausible explanation for the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality accompanying urban air pollution.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pneumology, Unit of Lung Toxicology, Kapholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Abderrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
authors.forename: Peter H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hoet
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinsdale
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vermylen
authors.forename: Marc F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hoylaerts
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemery
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010316:Particle Size; D015539:Platelet Activation; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions