title: Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio in children: age-related reference intervals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the L/P ratio have diagnostic value in numerous primary and acquired disorders affecting the central nervous system, but age-related reference values are not available for children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed CSF and blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio in a 4-year retrospective survey of a children's hospital laboratory database. Reference intervals (10th-90th percentiles) were established from data on 197 hospitalized children. A recent regression modeling method was used to normalize and smooth values against age. The model equation of best fit was calculated for each variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slight age-related variations were shown by the model, with an increase in lactate, a decrease in pyruvate, and a resulting increase in the L/P ratio with increasing age. However, the SD did not vary with age. We defined the upper limit of the reference intervals as the 90th percentiles, which from birth to 186 months of age varied continuously from 1.78 to 1.88 mmol/L (6%), 148 to 139 micro mol/L (6%), and 16.9 to 19.2 (14%) for lactate, pyruvate, and the L/P ratio, respectively. At a threshold of 2 (in Z-score units), the sensitivity for a subgroup of inborn errors of metabolism (respiratory chain disorders) was 73%, 42%, and 31% for lactate, pyruvate, and the L/P ratio, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children, CSF lactate and pyruvate concentrations and their ratio appear to vary slightly with age. Average 90th percentile values of 1.8 mmol/L, 147 micro mol/L, and 17, respectively, could be used in infants up to 24 months of age. In older children, age-adjusted reference intervals should be used, especially when values are close to the 90th percentile.
authors.affiliation: Service de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Benoist
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rigal
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jean-Louis
authors.forename: Hélene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogier de Baulny
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Porquet
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007297:Inpatients; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid