title: Concomitant psychotropic medication for youths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reviewed the clinical research and practice literature relating to the prevalence and patterns of concomitant psychotropic medication given to youths with emotional and behavioral disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search from 1996 through spring 2002, including a review of references from relevant published articles and reports, was undertaken to identify available information on concomitant psychotropic medication for youths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data supporting concomitant psychotropic medication for youths are almost exclusively based on case reports and small-scale, nonblind assessments. In the mid-1990s, over 20% of outpatient youths treated in community mental health centers and over 40% of youths treated in inpatient psychiatric facilities were given concomitant psychotropic medication. The rate has since increased. Psychiatrists more than primary care physicians prescribe concomitant psychotropic medication, and they show great variability in their prescribing habits. Youths with aggressive behavior, male gender, severe emotional illness, and disabling social maladjustment are most likely to receive concomitant psychotropic medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantive systematic evidence is needed to clarify this increasingly common, inadequately researched child psychopharmacologic practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. dsafer@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: Julie Magno
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DosReis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008774:Methylphenidate