title: Paying for quality improvement: compliance with tobacco cessation guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification and treatment of routine tobacco use in medical practice is an effective intervention but is not used consistently. A study was conducted at HealthPartners, a large network-model health plan in Minnesota, to determine the effect of an outcomes recognition strategy that involved bonus funds and the rates at which network physicians document that tobacco users are identified and advised to quit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Audits of 14,489 ambulatory patient records from 19-20 medical groups were conducted to determine the proportion of charts from each medical group that demonstrated identification of smoking status and counseling to encourage quitting at the most recent office visit in each year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall mean tobacco use identification increased from 49% +/- 7% (95% confidence interval [CI]) in 1996 to 73% +/- 7% in 1999 (p < .001), while advice to quit increased from 32% +/- 10% in 1996 to 53% +/- 10% CI in 1999 (p < .005). The number of medical groups with tobacco status identified at > 80% of visits and > 80% of tobacco users advised to quit increased from 0 in 1996 to 8 in 1999.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data feedback combined with a financial incentive appear to be an effective way for a health plan to improve physician compliance with the tobacco treatment guideline. Other health plans might consider similar reporting and incentive approaches to effectively engage medical group leadership and to improve the health of their members who use tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Quality and Utilization Improvement, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, USA. Gail.M.Amundson@HealthPartners.com
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amundson
authors.forename: Leif I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: E Mary
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006123:Group Practice / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007193:Independent Practice Associations / Q000592:standards*; D008485:Medical Audit; D008910:Minnesota; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans / Q000191:economics*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000191:economics