title: Role of amniotic membrane transplantation for conjunctival reconstruction in ocular-cicatricial pemphigoid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role and the effectiveness over time of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) as a first-step procedure to treat conjunctival reconstruction in late-stage ocular-cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective interventional noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine eyes (9 patients) with advanced OCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperatively, the ocular surface conditions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry of conjunctival biopsy and impression cytology specimens. The amniotic membrane was obtained during cesarean section from women who were 39 weeks pregnant and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis; it was processed, histologically tested, and stored at -80 degrees C. After scar tissue was removed, the preserved amniotic membrane was placed over the cornea, the bulbar, and tarsal conjunctiva, and was secured with 8-0 Vicryl sutures to the conjunctival edges and the deep fornices with double-armed 6-0 silk sutures. In 2 cases a double layer of amniotic membrane was transplanted. All patients received immunosuppressive systemic therapy and preservative-free tear substitutes and steroids topically for at least 6 months. During follow-up (average, 48 weeks; range, 28-96 weeks), a new standardized method was used to evaluate the fornix depth, and impression cytology testing was performed and conjunctival inflammation recorded and used as parameters for monitoring disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symblepharon, increased inferior fornix depth, presence of conjunctival goblet cells, and the degree of conjunctival inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conjunctival surface was free from symblepharon in all subjects for the first 16 weeks. At the week 28 examination, a small area of symblepharon was present in four eyes (44.4%). The depth of the fornix was significantly (P < 0.0001, analysis of variance) improved at weeks 4, 16, and 28. The normal conjunctival epithelium with goblet cells was restored in 6 of 9 eyes (66.7%) at the week 4 examination and in 4 eyes (44.4%) at the week 28 examination. Conjunctival inflammation was clinically but not statistically reduced. The visual acuity improved in 5 subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMT can be a first-step procedure for ocular surface reconstruction in OCP, but its effectiveness deteriorates slightly over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurologic and Visual Sciences, University of Genoa, via Saccari 14, 18038 Sanremo, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barabino
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rolando
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bentivoglio
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mingari
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calabria
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001684:Biological Dressings; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004848:Epithelium; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014021:Tissue Preservation; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone