title: The syndrome of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with selective antibody deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) have a selective defect of cell-mediated immunity against Candida albicans (as demonstrated by cutaneous anergy and decreased lymphoproliferative responses to Candida antigen) and intact antibody responses. Many CMC patients also develop infections with other organisms, suggesting a more extensive immunologic defect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe a patient with CMC and selective antibody deficiency and identify eight similar previously reported patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles in the English language derived from searching the MEDLINE database were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe an 18-year-old male patient who was identified with CMC as an infant and later developed immunoglobulin (Ig)G2, IgG4, and IgA deficiency at age 12 associated with poor antibody responses to vaccine antigens. We have identified eight other previously reported CMC patients with selective antibody deficiencies and bacterial infections. IgG2 deficiency was present in all nine patients, and was associated with IgG4 deficiency in 8 patients and IgA deficiency in 3 patients. Six patients had poor or absent antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and all nine patients developed severe recurrent lung infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that these cases represent a distinct phenotype of CMC and should be studied for common histocompatibility leukocyte antigen types and molecular defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology/Allergy/Rheumatology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA.
authors.forename: V Cuneyt
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Kalfa
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: E Richard
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Stiehm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002175:Candida / Q000276:immunology; D002178:Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017098:IgA Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D017099:IgG Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome