title: Sternal cleft: a surgical opportunity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the results from the surgical techniques utilized to repair congenital sternal cleft.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January, 1987 to January, 2001, 5,182 patients were seen for chest wall malformations. Eight (0.15%) had sternal cleft. The age at presentation ranged from 15 days to 5 years. Six were girls (75%). The associated malformations were congenital cardiac malformations (2 patients), maxillofacial hemangioma (1 patient). All of them underwent a surgical repair, which could be classified into 3 methods: group 1 had primary closure of the defect (3 patients); group 2 underwent partial resection of the first, second, and third costal cartilages, disruption of the sternoclavicular junction, and closure of the sternal bars with stainless steel wire (3 patients); and group 3 had mobilization and approximation of the sternocleidomastoid muscles with closure achieved with costal homograft and prosthetic mesh (2 patients). The interval for postoperative follow-up was 1 to 8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 patients developed well, although 2 of them had a slight degree of pectus excavatum in the long term not requiring surgical correction. Group 2 Patients developed without problems in all cases. One of the patients from group 3 had unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results. He underwent reoperation with the second technique, achieving an improved result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary closure of the sternal cleft is the easiest technique. It should be performed in young infants. In the long term it can lead to a mild degree of pectus excavatum. The costal cartilage resection with mobilization of the clavicle achieved excellent results and allowed ready approximation of both sternal halves avoiding the use of costal grafts and prosthetic material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Acastello
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majluf
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Lucrecia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peredo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D013249:Sternum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery*; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery