title: Interleukin-13 and tumor necrosis factor-beta differentially regulate the production of cytokines by cultured human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of interleukin (IL)-13, a T-helper (Th)2 cytokine, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, a Th1 cytokine, on the production of IL-6 family cytokines and chemokines by endometrial stromal cells (ESC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of IL-13 and TNF-beta, on the production of IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), IL-8, growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and eotaxin were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory at a medical university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen endometrial specimens in the late proliferative phase were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ESC were incubated for 24 hours with recombinant human IL-13 and recombinant human TNF-beta.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of IL-6, IL-11, LIF, IL-8, GROalpha, MCP-1, RANTES, and eotaxin in the culture media was measured using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and eotaxin in the culture media of ESC paralleled the addition of increasing amounts of IL-13 and TNF-beta, whereas the levels of IL-11 and LIF were decreased with increasing amounts of IL-13, but were increased with increasing amounts of TNF-beta. Tumor necrosis factor-beta enhanced the production of GROalpha and RANTES in dose-dependent manner; however, IL-13 did not affect the expression of GROalpha or RANTES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-13 and TNF-beta secreted in the cyclic endometrial tissue and in the decidua may differentially regulate the production of IL-6 family cytokines and chemokines by ESC. The controlled expression of these cytokines in the endometrium may contribute to the modulation of the immune reaction during the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy by the regulation of leukocyte trafficking and functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan. nasu@oita-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kaei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins