title: Can electrocardiographic criteria predict adverse cardiac events and positive cardiac markers?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine electrocardiogram (ECG) predictors of positive cardiac markers and short-term adverse cardiac events in an undifferentiated chest pain population presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The authors hypothesized that specific ECG findings, other than those previously identified in higher-risk populations, would be predictive of cardiac outcomes and positive cardiac markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used data from a prospectively collected, retrospectively analyzed Internet-based data registry of undifferentiated chest pain patients (i*trACS). Logistic regression modeling was performed to determine the ECG findings that were predictive of 1) positive cardiac markers and 2) short-term adverse cardiac events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ST-segment elevation (STE), ST-segment depression (STD), pathological Q-waves (PQW), and T-wave inversion were associated with increased odds of percutaneous coronary intervention or catheterization, myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting. The odds of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) measuring positive were increased if STE, STD, or PQW were present [odds ratio (OR) 2.495, 2.582, and 1.295, respectively]. A right bundle branch block tended to decrease the odds of CK-MB measuring positive (OR 0.658). A similar pattern of results was observed for troponin I (OR 3.608 for STE, 3.72 for STD, 1.538 for PQW). Troponin T showed an increased odds of measuring positive if any of STE, STD, left bundle branch block, or T-wave inversion were evident (OR 2.313, 2.816, 1.80, and 1.449, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial ECG criteria can be used to predict short-term cardiac outcomes and positive cardiac markers. These findings can be important aids in the risk-stratification and aggressive treatment regimens of chest pain patients presenting to EDs.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45267-0769, USA. ancra.blomkalns@uc.edu
authors.forename: Andra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Blomkalns
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lindsell
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Osterlund
authors.forename: W Brian
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Gibler
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Tiffany
authors.forename: Judd E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form