title: Preventive effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on hypoxemia induced by oleic acid in Guinea pigs.
abstract: Oleic acid-induced hypoxemia is an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of hypoxemia in lung injury. Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of ATP in the cells. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an endogenous substance that is one of the ATP precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of PEP on oleic acid-induced lung injury in guinea pigs. An intravenous injection of oleic acid (15 microl/kg) caused severe hypoxemia. Pretreatment with PEP at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the oleic acid-induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PEP attenuated the oleic acid-induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of PEP with ATP (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on oleic acid-induced lung injury, compared with PEP alone. We suggest that PEP is a promising candidate to prevent hypoxemia in acute lung injuries associated with increased vascular permeability, such as ARDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golbidi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriuchi
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irikura
authors.forename: Tetsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Naotaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019301:Oleic Acid; D005070:Evans Blue; D010728:Phosphoenolpyruvate; D010100:Oxygen