title: Hip fracture surgery: is the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score a predictor of functional outcome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies have identified specific demographic, social, health or life-style pre-operative indicators of long-term outcome among older hip fracture patients who underwent surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of peri- and intra-operative factors, and more specifically of the pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score on functional outcome in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire designed to assess pre-fracture functional and health status was administered to surgically treated hip fracture patients. Post-fracture functional and health status was further ascertained by in-home interview one year after the operation. Among 140 consecutive eligible patients older than 65 years, 10 either refused subsequent interviews or could not be contacted; an additional 16 patients died during the year of follow-up, leaving 114 patients available for this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the patients was 82.4 years. Almost two-thirds of them suffered from severe systemic disease, whether or not incapacitating (ASA grades III-IV). Subjects classified in these categories presented more frequently with cardiovascular disorders, were more frequently disoriented, and already had some pre-fracture difficulty with ambulation. The mortality at one year was almost nine times higher in severely impaired patients (grades III-IV) than in healthy or mildly affected patients (grades I-II). Functional outcome and/or ambulatory ability assessed at one year did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the ASA I-II and III-IV groups. The most pronounced difference was noticed for the functional independence measured by the ADL score (p = 0.236). Better prognoses were consistently recorded for patients with an intracapsular fracture, for those who were operated within 24 hours, for those treated with a prosthesis as opposed to internal fixation, and for those whose operating time was less than 1 1/2 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the ASA classification is a good predictor of long-term mortality, the findings of the present investigation do not conclusively associate ASA score with post-operative restoration of mobility and functional independence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, University Hospitals, University Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, Geneva, Switzerland. jean-pierre.Michel@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klopfenstein
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffmeyer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grab
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome