title: Initial on-line evaluations of the LF-ASD brain-computer interface with able-bodied and spinal-cord subjects using imagined voluntary motor potentials.
abstract: Previous research has focused on developing a brain-controlled switch named the low frequency asynchronous switch design (LF-ASD) that is suitable for intermittent control of devices such as environmental control systems, computers, and neural prostheses. On-line implementations of the LF-ASD have shown promising results in response to actual index finger flexions with able-bodied subjects. This paper reports the results of initial on-line evaluations of the LF-ASD brain-controlled switch with both able-bodied subjects and subjects with high-level spinal-cord injuries. This paper has demonstrated that users can activate the LF-ASD switch by imaging movement. In this paper, two able-bodied subjects were able to control the LF-ASD with imagined voluntary movements with hit (true positive) rates above 70% and false positive rates below 3% while two subjects with high-level spinal-cord injuries demonstrated hit rates ranging from 45-48% and false positive rates below 1%.
authors.affiliation: Neil Squire Foundation, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada. garyb@neilsquire.ca
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Ziba
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bozorgzadeh
authors.forename: Steve G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005385:Fingers / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009862:Online Systems; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014836:Volition / Q000145:classification