title: Molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates.
abstract: A network was established to acquire basic knowledge of Cryptococcus neoformans in IberoAmerican countries. To this effect, 340 clinical, veterinary, and environmental isolates from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Spain were typed by using M13 polymerase chain reaction-fingerprinting and orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase (URA5) gene restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with HhaI and Sau96I in a double digest. Both techniques grouped all isolates into eight previously established molecular types. The majority of the isolates, 68.2% (n=232), were VNI (var. grubii, serotype A), which accords with the fact that this variety causes most human cryptococcal infections worldwide. A smaller proportion, 5.6% (n=19), were VNII (var. grubii, serotype A); 4.1% (n=14), VNIII (AD hybrid), with 9 isolates having a polymorphism in the URA5 gene; 1.8% (n=6), VNIV (var. neoformans, serotype D); 3.5% (n=12), VGI; 6.2% (n=21), VGII; 9.1% (n=31), VGIII, and 1.5% (n=5) VGIV, with all four VG types containing var. gatii serotypes B and C isolates.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. w.meyer@usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castañeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002489:Central America; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009962:Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D010311:Parrots; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013020:South America; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D009962:Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase