Refinement of a 400-kb critical region allows genotypic differentiation between isolated lissencephaly, Miller-Dieker syndrome, and other phenotypes secondary to deletions of 17p13.3.
Deletions of 17p13.3, including the LIS1 gene, result in the brain malformation lissencephaly, which is characterized by reduced gyration and cortical thickening; however, the phenotype can vary from isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) to Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). At the clinical level, these two phenotypes can be differentiated by the presence of significant dysmorphic facial features and a more severe grade of lissencephaly in MDS. Previous work has suggested that children with MDS have a larger deletion than those with ILS, but the precise boundaries of the MDS critical region and causative genes other than LIS1 have never been fully determined. We have completed a physical and transcriptional map of the 17p13.3 region from LIS1 to the telomere. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we have mapped the deletion size in 19 children with ILS, 11 children with MDS, and 4 children with 17p13.3 deletions not involving LIS1. We show that the critical region that differentiates ILS from MDS at the molecular level can be reduced to 400 kb. Using somatic cell hybrids from selected patients, we have identified eight genes that are consistently deleted in patients classified as having MDS. In addition, deletion of the genes CRK and 14-3-3 epsilon delineates patients with the most severe lissencephaly grade. On the basis of recent functional data and the creation of a mouse model suggesting a role for 14-3-3 epsilon in cortical development, we suggest that deletion of one or both of these genes in combination with deletion of LIS1 may contribute to the more severe form of lissencephaly seen only in patients with MDS.
Cardoso
Carlos
C
Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Leventer
Richard J
RJ
Ward
Heather L
HL
Toyo-Oka
Kazuhito
K
Chung
June
J
Gross
Alyssa
A
Martin
Christa L
CL
Allanson
Judith
J
Pilz
Daniela T
DT
Olney
Ann H
AH
Mutchinick
Osvaldo M
OM
Hirotsune
Shinji
S
Wynshaw-Boris
Anthony
A
Dobyns
William B
WB
Ledbetter
David H
DH
D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D017931:DNA Primers; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; C084102:PAFAH1B1 protein, human; C513190:Pafah1b1 protein, mouse