title: Outcome of postoperative pneumonia in the Eole study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prognosis factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have been largely investigated, while the data concerning postoperative pneumonia (POP) are scarce. The aim of this multicenter, prospective study was to evaluate the predictive factors of mortality due to POP and the impact of initial antibiotic therapy on outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred centers were included. Diagnosis of POP was assessed on clinical and laboratory criteria, chest X-ray changes and microbiological criteria, when possible. Outcomes of the patients were noted. An independent committee made a retrospective assessment of appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mortality among the 556 cases of POP was 23% (126 patients). Five parameters were independently associated with mortality: American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade 3 or more ( p<0.001), age 64 years or more ( p<0.01), time to onset of pneumonia more than 3 days ( p<0.01), mottling ( p<0.05) and hypotension ( p<0.05). Among the 322 microbiologically confirmed cases of pneumonia, 92 received inappropriate antibiotic (AB) therapy (29%). No difference in mortality was observed between the patients receiving inappropriate and appropriate AB therapy (22.8 vs 16.9%). In this subgroup, three parameters remained independently associated with mortality: ASA grade 3 or higher ( p<0.001), time to onset of pneumonia more than 3 days ( p<0.05) and hypotension ( p<0.05). Inappropriate initial AB did not modify the model ( p=0.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five independent predictive factors for mortality of POP were identified. Despite a trend toward decreased mortality with appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy, no difference was observed between the groups. Polymicrobial pneumonia or non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli appeared to be a risk factor for inappropriate AB.
authors.affiliation: Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France. herve.dupont@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montravers
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gauzit
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veber
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pouriat
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000382:microbiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018579:Patient Selection; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents