title: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) could be a candidate gene for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the relationship of the eNOS Glu(298)-->Asp and T(786)-->C polymorphisms with the presence and severity of CAD in the Italian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 415 unrelated individuals who underwent coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was expressed by means of the Duke score. The eNOS Glu(298)-->Asp and T(786)-->C variants were analyzed by PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant linkage disequilibrium between the two eNOS polymorphisms (P <0.0001). Both variants were significantly associated with the occurrence and severity of CAD (P = 0.01 and 0.004 for Glu(298)-->Asp and T(786)-->C, respectively). The risk of CAD was increased among individuals homozygous for the C allele of the T(786)-->C polymorphism compared with individuals homozygous for the T allele (odds ratio = 2.5; P <0.01) and was independent of the other common risk factors (P = 0.04). Moreover, individuals with both the Asp/Asp genotype of the Glu(298)-->Asp polymorphism and at least one C allele of the T(786)-->C variant in the promoter region of the eNOS gene had an increased risk of CAD (odds ratio = 4.0; P <0.001) and a significantly higher mean Duke score (26.2 +/- 2.9 vs 45.2 +/- 3.7; P = 0.002) compared with individuals with the TT genotype and the Glu allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides evidence that the Glu(298)-->Asp and T(786)-->C polymorphisms of the eNOS gene are associated with the presence and severity of angiographically defined CAD in the Italian population and that those individuals carrying both eNOS variants simultaneously might have a higher risk of developing CAD.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, G. Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia SUD-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Paradossi
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Andreassi
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Botto
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biagini
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerico
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III