title: Atopy and serum eosinophil cationic protein in 110 white children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis: differences between tarsal and limbal forms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A predominance of Th2 response has been suggested in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), and a high prevalence of IgE-sensitized (IgE-S) patients has been reported (positive skin prick test or serum-specific-IgE). Palpebral and bulbar VKC are considered to be expressions of the same disease and only occasional racial and histopathological differences are described between the two forms. Tear levels of eosinophil cationic proteins have been correlated with the severity of ocular symptoms; however, there is no published study that demonstrates the presence of serum markers of disease activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of IgE-sensitization in palpebral, bulbar and mixed VKC and to determine possible useful markers of disease activity in peripheral circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 white VKC patients (mean age 8.3 years, range 3.2-18 years) were evaluated for ocular score in the active phase of the disease. Skin prick tests and serum-specific IgE for common allergens, serum-total IgE, peripheral blood eosinophil counts (PBECs) and serum eosinophil cationic protein (s-ECP) were determined. Fifteen age-matched non-IgE-S control children underwent the same determinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  s-ECP, PBECs and s-total IgE were significantly higher in IgE-S than in non-IgE-S VKC patients and in non-IgE-S VKC patients than in controls. A lower prevalence of IgE-S patients was found in bulbar vs. tarsal (P = 0. 050) or mixed forms (P = 0.002). The score of giant papillae was strongly correlated with s-ECP levels (P < 0.001) and with PBECs (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that an overall eosinophilic response is present in VKC independently of IgE-sensitization; bulbar forms, unlike tarsal and mixed forms, were associated with a low prevalence of IgE-sensitization. Serum ECP was a useful marker of disease activity in tarsal and mixed forms.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Florence, Via Luca Giordano 13, 50132 Florence, Italy. n.pucci@meyer.it
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novembre
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianferoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Massai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vierucci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D012260:Ribonucleases; D012621:Seasons; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D012260:Ribonucleases