title: Location of positive surgical margins after retropubic, perineal, and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the location of positive surgical margins after retropubic, perineal, and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer (pT2).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 2001, 538 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Patient age at surgery, clinical stage, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, and Gleason score of positive biopsies were noted. Postoperatively, specimen weight, final Gleason score, and capsular, seminal vesicle, and lymph node status, as well as tumor volume, were studied. The incidence and location of positive margins and the pathologic stage were noted according to the surgical approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 371 patients (69.5%) had organ-confined tumors. Of the 371 patients, 116 underwent the retropubic, 86 the perineal, and 169 the laparoscopic approach, and positive surgical margins were noted in 22 (18.9%), 12 (13.9%), and 32 (18.9%) patients, respectively. Positive surgical margins were reported in 72 specimen locations, 32 (44.4%) at the apex, 17 (23.6%) at the bladder neck, and 29 (31.9%) posterolaterally. The distribution for the retropubic, perineal, and laparoscopic approaches was apex in 50%, 33.3%, and 44.4%, bladder neck in 29.1%, 41.7%, and 13.9%, and posterolaterally in 20.8%, 25%, and 41.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, each approach had a specific high-risk location of positive margins: the apex for the retropubic, the bladder neck for the perineal, and posterolaterally for the laparoscopic approach. Improvements in the surgical techniques should take these specific locations under consideration to decrease the incidence of positive surgical margins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Aristotelis G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Levrel
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saint
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicco
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vordos
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoznek
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: Clement Claude
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen