title: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among bar and hotel workers in northern Tanzania: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type-specific serological tests have allowed for a better understanding of the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection in Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to determine risk factors for HSV-2 among bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 515 workers in randomly selected bars and hotels in Moshi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 43.5%. Women were more likely to be HSV-2-seropositive than men (age-adjusted OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 2.5-5.8). In multivariate analyses, age was positively associated with HSV-2 in both women and men. HIV-1-seropositive women had a significantly increased risk of HSV-2 infection (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.5-5.1). Other predictors of HSV-2 were religion and sexual behavior for women and level of education, frequency of alcohol use, and concurrent partners for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common genital infection was that with HSV-2. Control of HSV-2 might be an important strategy for HIV-1 infection prevention in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. skapiga@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Saidi H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.forename: Noel E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Elisante J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Masenga
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renjifo
authors.forename: Ireen E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kiwelu
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manongi
authors.forename: Wafaie W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essex
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000437:Alcoholism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace