title: Cigarette use among male and female grade 8-10 students of different ethnicity in South African schools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide data on the prevalence of cigarette use by male and female South African students of different ethnic backgrounds in grades 8-10 (ages < or = 11 to > or = 17 years), their age of initiation of cigarette use, as well as their access to cigarettes through underage sales.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationally representative survey was conducted using self administered questionnaires translated into seven languages.
  
  
  METHODS
  School based.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students in grades 8-10 in all of South Africa's nine provinces.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence data for current users of cigarettes (smoked on one or more days in 30 days preceding the survey), and for the age of initiation (first smoking cigarettes before the age of 10) were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 160 selected schools, 123 schools participated in the survey. The completed survey comprised 6045 of 7074 selected students; 23% of the sample reported being current users of cigarettes. Significantly more males (28.8%) than females (17.5%), and significantly more "Coloured" students than "Black/African" students were classified as current smokers. Sex was the strongest contributor to the prediction of current smoking status. On the issue of age of initiation, 18.5% of students reported having first smoked cigarettes before the age of 10 years with more "Black/African" students than "Coloured" having done so.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to tailor tobacco control programmes to the needs of students, historical "racial"/ethnic and sex differences have to be taken into account. Specific determinant studies are needed to understand these differences and to develop appropriate responses.
authors.affiliation: National Health Promotion Research and Development Group, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa. dehran.swart@mrc.ac.za
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: R A C
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ruiter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data