title: Prevention of neurotoxicity in hypoxic cortical neurons by the noble gas xenon.
abstract: Hypoxia-induced neuronal damage and glutamate release were investigated in a N(2)- or in xenon-atmosphere for embryonic rat cortical neurons; cellular damage and glutamate over-release were observed in N(2)-treated cells whereas xenon protected the cells from the hypoxic insult. The protective effect of xenon was strongly reduced by pre-incubating neurons with the calcium-chelator BAPTA-AM indicating a role for calcium in this process. The results demonstrate (a) the neuroprotective properties of xenon, suggest (b) a relationship between the prevention of neurotransmitter release in a hypoxic situation and neuroprotection and present (c) evidence that such neuroprotection may be based on yet other xenon-dependent mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Charité, Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Experimental Anesthesiology, FH 31, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany. christian.petzelt@charite.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petzelt
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmehl
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kox
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006371:Helium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014978:Xenon / Q000633:toxicity*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001596:Benzylamines; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002614:Chelating Agents; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006371:Helium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009584:Nitrogen; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014978:Xenon; C072105:KN 93; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester