title: Homo erectus calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java.
abstract: A Homo erectus calvarium [Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4)] was recovered from Pleistocene sediments at Sambungmacan in central Java. Micro-computed tomography analysis shows a modern human-like cranial base flexion associated with a low platycephalic vault, implying that the evolution of human cranial globularity was independent of cranial base flexion. The overall morphology of Sm 4 is intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus; apparent morphological specializations are more strongly expressed in the latter. This supports the hypothesis that later Pleistocene Javanese populations were substantially isolated and made minimal contributions to the ancestry of modern humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, National Science Museum, Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. baba@kahaku.go.jp
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Fachroel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Yousuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaifu
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.forename: Reiko T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Teuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed