title: Clonazepam treatment of lysergic acid diethylamide-induced hallucinogen persisting perception disorder with anxiety features.
abstract: An unique and intriguing characteristic of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and LSD-like substances is the recurrence of some of the symptoms which appear during the intoxication, in the absence of recent intake of hallucinogens. Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a condition in which the re-experiencing of one or more perceptual symptoms causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning and may be extremely debilitating. Benzodiazepines are one of the recommended agents for the treatment of HPPD but it is unclear which of them may be more helpful. The goal of our investigation was to assess the efficacy of clonazepam in the treatment of LSD-induced HPPD. Sixteen patients fulfilled entrance criteria. All complained of HPPD with anxiety features for at least 3 months and were drug free at least 3 months. They received clonazepam 2 mg/day for 2 months. Follow-up was continued for 6 months. They were weekly evaluated during the 2 months of clonazepam administration and monthly during the follow-up period using the Clinical Global Impression Scale, a Self-report Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Patients reported a significant relief and the presence of only mild symptomatology during the clonazepam administration. This improvement was clearly sustained and persisted during a 6-month follow-up period. This study suggests that high potency benzodiazepines like clonazepam, which has serotonergic properties, may be more effective than low-potency benzodiazepines in the treatment of some patients with LSD-induced HPPD.
authors.affiliation: Lev Hasharon Mental Medical Center, Pardessya and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. lerneram@internet-zahav.net
authors.forename: Arturo G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelkopf
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skladman
authors.forename: Dmitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudinski
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nachshon
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bleich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D006213:Hallucinogens; D002998:Clonazepam; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide