title: Metabolic buffering exerted by macromolecular crowding on DNA-DNA interactions: origin and physiological significance.
abstract: Crowding, which characterizes the interior of all living cells, has been shown to dramatically affect biochemical processes, leading to stabilization of compact morphologies, enhanced macromolecular associations, and altered reaction rates. Due to the crowding-mediated shift in binding equilibria toward association, crowding agents were proposed to act as a metabolic buffer, significantly extending the range of intracellular conditions under which interactions occur. Crowding may, however, impose a liability because, by greatly and generally enhancing macromolecular association, it can lead to irreversible interactions. To better understand the physical determinants and physiological consequences of crowding-mediated buffering, we studied the effects of crowding, or excluded volume, on DNA structures. Results obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and UV melting experiments indicate that crowding-induced effects are marginal under conditions that a priori favor association of DNA strands but become progressively larger when conditions deteriorate. As such, crowding exerts "genuine" buffering activity. Unexpectedly, crowding-mediated effects are found to include enthalpy terms that favorably contribute to association processes. We propose that these enthalpy terms and preferential stabilization derive from a reconfiguration of DNA hydration that occurs in dense DNA-rich phases obtained in crowded environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Rivka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goobes
authors.forename: Nava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kahana
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minsky
mesh_terms: D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D020029:Base Pairing; D002021:Buffers; D002151:Calorimetry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019277:Entropy; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003911:Dextrans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009692:Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions; C051802:triplex DNA; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004247:DNA