title: FosB is highly expressed in normal mammary epithelia, but down-regulated in poorly differentiated breast carcinomas.
abstract: FosB is a member of the AP-1 family of transcription factors which represent important regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on prior results which indicated a role of FosB in breast cancer, we studied FosB protein and mRNA expression by immunohistochemistry and, partly, in situ hybridization in 68 mammary carcinomas and normal breast tissues. We found strong nuclear FosB immunoreactivity in epithelial cells of normal lobules and ducts, whereas carcinomas frequently showed loss of FosB expression (n = 8) or weak immunostaining (n = 24). Reduced FosB protein expression in tumors correlated with high grading (p = 0.005), negative estrogen and progesterone receptor status (p < 0.001), and strong HER2/neu expression (p = 0.025). Comparison with expression of seven cell-cycle regulators revealed an association of low/absent FosB staining with p16MTS1 overexpression (p = 0.005). RT-PCR showed expression of full-length FosB and the smaller splice variant FosB2 in most carcinomas and cell lines with and without FosB protein expression, indicating that both proteins are differentially regulated mainly at a post-transcriptional level. By sequence analysis of the coding region in four cell lines and 17 carcinomas we detected a mutation in HBL-100 cells. Our results indicate that high FosB expression might be necessary for normal proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, and reduced FosB protein levels might be involved in dedifferentiation during breast tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. milde@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Milde-Langosch
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kappes
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riethdorf
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Löning
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bamberger
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008875:Middle Aged; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C064269:FOSB protein, human