title: Transmembrane adapters: attractants for cytoplasmic effectors.
abstract: Transmembrane adapter proteins (TRAPs) are a relatively new and growing family of proteins that include linker for activation of T cells (LAT), phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched micro domains (PAG)/C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) binding protein (Cbp), SHP2-interacting transmembrane adapter protein (SIT), T cell receptor interacting molecule (TRIM), and the recently identified non-T cell activation linker (NTAL) and pp30. TRAPs share several common structural features, but more importantly they possess multiple sites of tyrosine phosphorylation, by which they act as scaffolds for recruiting cytosolic adapter and/or effector proteins. The membrane association of TRAPs places them near to the immunoreceptors, a position from which they coordinate and modulate the signals they receive to produce an appropriate cellular response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: Burkhart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schraven
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C110810:LAT protein, human; C491734:Lat protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C498710:PAG1 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C114030:TRAT1 protein, human; C490245:GEM protein, human; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins