title: Partial splenic embolization: long-term outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial splenic embolization (PSE) was introduced in the 1980s. We studied the long-term follow-up results of a PSE-treated patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six severely ill patients (median age 63.5 years) were treated with a graded PSE a total of 52 times, mainly due to bleeding esophageal varices and thrombocytopenia. The aggregated follow-up time was 1715 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of hemoglobin, leukocytes and thrombocytes increased significantly after PSE. The frequency of bleeding episodes from esophageal varices was significantly reduced. No effect was observed concerning blood liver parameters in cirrhotic patients. The integrated PSE effect was judged as improvement in 19 patients, status quo in 5, and deterioration in 2. Median survival time was 50.5 months (range 0.5-272 months). Two patients underwent liver transplantation. Complications consisted mainly of fever, atelectasis, and abdominal pain. Two patients died of PSE-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A standardized and graded PSE is reasonably safe even in patients with advanced disease in whom it is hazardous to splenectomize. It gives a long-term effect on the hematological parameters, bleedings from esophageal varices and good palliation, and improved clinical status contributing to symptomatic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, Lund, Sweden. birger.palsson@skane.se
authors.forename: Birger
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pålsson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallén
authors.forename: Annika Mandahl
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alwmark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006971:Hypersplenism / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome