title: Cerebral vascular abnormalities in a murine model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1) is an autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia caused by mutations in the endoglin gene and characterized by dilated vessels and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). To understand the etiology of this disorder, we evaluated the cerebral vasculature of endoglin heterozygous (Eng+/-) mice, which represent the only animal model of HHT1.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cerebral vasculature of Eng+/- and Eng+/+ mice from C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/Ola (129) strains with a differential susceptibility to HHT1 was studied with corrosion casting. Casts were observed by scanning electron microscopy to detect malformations and evaluate arterial diameters and orientation of endothelial nuclei. Measurements were taken to assess relative constriction at arteriolar branching points and downstream relative dilatation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of 10 Eng+/- mice demonstrated abnormal vascular findings including AVMs, while none of 15 Eng+/+ mice did. The incidence of relative constriction at arteriolar branching points was significantly less in both Eng+/- groups than in their Eng+/+ counterparts. The occurrence of relative dilatation was significantly greater in B6-Eng+/- than in B6-Eng+/+ mice. Endothelial nuclei were significantly rounder and deviated more from the direction of blood flow in Eng+/- than in Eng+/+ mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eng+/- mice showed significant structural alterations in cerebral blood vessels, indicating that the level of endoglin on endothelium is critical for maintenance of normal vasculature. Since endoglin haploinsufficiency is associated with HHT1, such changes in arteriolar structures might occur in HHT1 patients and predispose them to AVMs and their sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Blood Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mount
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toporsian
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: M Christopher
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letarte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006579:Heterozygote; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000235:genetics; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure