title: Prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus infection and its effect on renal graft survival in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about the prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection in renal transplant recipients (RTxs) and its effects on allograft survival. We investigated the prevalence of TTV and its effects on liver injury and graft survival in RTxs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 33 consecutive RTxs (8 females, 25 males) and 100 blood donors (35 females, 65 males). A nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TTV DNA in serum. Serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and 24-h protein excretion were determined in both TTV-positive and-negative patients. The total number of blood transfusions, the duration of hemodialysis and the total duration after transplantation were recorded in RTxs. In addition, hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus DNA antibodies were determined in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TTV DNA was detected in 51.5% of RTxs and in 7% of the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In the RTx group, 64.7% of TTV-positive and 56.2% of TTV-negative patients had undergone a previous blood transfusion. However, the blood transfusion replacement rate, total duration of dialysis therapy and posttransplant period did not differ between these two groups. Five (15.1%) patients in the RTx group had abnormal liver function tests (ALT >40 IU/l). Of these patients, 2 were anti-HCV-positive, 1 was HBsAg-positive and anti-HCV- plus TTV DNA-positive and the serologic tests of the remaining 2 patients were all negative. Among the TTV-positive patients, 2 (11.7%) were anti-HCV-positive, 1 (5.8%) was HBsAg-positive and 3 (17.6%) were HGV DNA-positive. The baseline serum creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the TTV-positive and-negative patients, being 1.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.4 +/- 0.6 mg/dl, respectively ( p > 0.05). Two of the TTV-positive patients and 1 of the TTV-negative patients had proteinuria. A 1-year follow-up of TTV-positive and-negative patients demonstrated neither acute nor chronic graft rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In RTxs, TTV infection was more prevalent than in the normal population. In our patients the virus did not have an important effect on renal graft rejection and did not cause liver injury. However, the question of whether TTV infection may affect graft survival requires further long-term investigation in larger groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Uludağ, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dilek
authors.forename: Alpaslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Resit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mistik
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vuruskan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gullulu
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yurtkuran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D022783:Torque teno virus
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral