title: [The establishment of a guinea pig model of inflammatory pleural effusion and the effect of batroxobin in the prevention of pleural encapsulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an animal model of inflammatory pleural effusion and to investigate the role of batroxobin in preventing encapsulation of pleural effusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Forty guinea pigs were divided into two groups: the animal model group received injection of 1% carrageenan (0.8 approximately 1.0 ml) in the right chest cavity; the control animals received injection of normal saline (1 ml). (2) Sixty guinea pigs were injected with 1% carrageenan (0.8 approximately 1.0 ml) in the right chest cavity, and then divided into a treatment group and a control group. Batroxobin (3 BU) was injected into the right chest cavity of the animals in the treatment group, while normal saline was used in the control group. The animals were killed at different time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the animal model group, pleural effusion appeared in 24 hours and reached maximum amount within 2 approximately 3 days. Neutrophils accumulated in the effusion and pleural inflammation intensified at the same time. Fibrosis and pleural adhesion appeared by the seventh day, became prominent by the tenth day, and encapsulated pleurisy was evident by the fourteenth day. With batroxobin treatment, pleural effusion and inflammation attenuated. The fibrinogen (Fbg) level decreased, and the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and D-dimer increased in the effusion. No pleural encapsulation was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carrageenan was successfully used to establish an animal model of inflammatory pleural effusion in guinea pigs. Batroxobin was effective in reducing inflammation and pleural effusion and in preventing pleural fibrosis and encapsulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Kaisheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012103:Batroxobin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007249:Inflammation; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D002351:Carrageenan; D012103:Batroxobin