title: [Integrated treatments of rectal carcinoma (review)].
abstract: We have reviewed the international literature regarding the treatment of rectal carcinoma. Over the last decades the evolution of treatment methods has led to a drastic fall in the incidence of local recurrences which has gone from a wide range (15-40%) to a much lower figure (10%). This favourable result has been reached also due to improvement in surgical techniques (total mesorectal excision) and to the use of an association of preoperative radio and chemotherapy. However, the drugs and dosage of these as well as of the RT still have to be defined. In our experience the integrated treatment has brought a downstaging of the T in 60% of cases and of the N in 15%.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doci
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eboli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brocchi
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*