Treatment of lung cancer in the elderly. Part I: non-small cell lung cancer.
There is a general trend worldwide of an increasing incidence of elderly population. Age is the greatest risk factor for cancer; therefore, this demographic shift is the main reason for an increase of cancer incidence. Lung cancer is a typical disease of the elderly patients. This review summarizes the issues of treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the elderly. Early stage NSCLC is usually treated with radical surgery, locally advanced NSCLC with radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CHT) and metastatic disease with CHT, but the evidence for these approaches is based on studies which are usually performed with highly selected patients while elderly patients are under-represented. We used the data from studies addressing particularly elderly or providing subgroup information on age to analyse the feasibility of current standard approaches for elderly and discuss alternative approaches. Surgery is an effective method in elderly patients with early stage NSCLC although some approaches bear a somewhat higher risk of operative morbidity and mortality. RT for early stage may be an alternative with curative potential. For locally advanced stage RT alone, or combined radiochemotherapy in selected cases, is feasible for elderly patients with locally advanced NSCLC when a careful assessment of pre-therapeutic status is made and appropriate drugs are selected. Advanced age alone also should not preclude CHT, although the risk of adverse effect may be higher in certain cases. New generation drugs seem to be particularly feasible and efficient in elderly patients. In general, age itself does not seem to preclude patients from standard treatments although in some cases co-morbidity forces to alternative approaches. Currently, single-agent CHT should be considered as the standard treatment of advanced NSCLC elderly patients.
Weinmann
Martin
M
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076, Tubingen, Germany. martin.weinmann@med.uni.tuebingen.de
Jeremic
Branislav
B
Toomes
Heikki
H
Friedel
Godehard
G
Bamberg
Michael
M
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors