title: Waiting for the doctor: gender differences in the timing of an intervention by the occupational physician.
abstract: This study aims to answer the question whether the relatively high inflow risk into disability for women, compared to that for men, is related to a lower chance of being called by the occupational physician during sickness absence. This chance is influenced by sociodemographic, health-related, and work-related factors, as well as by the duration of sickness absence. Using a proportional hazards model, the "risk" of being called by the physician within a certain time period (the so-called hazard rate) is estimated. Kaplan-Meier curves show a gender difference in the hazard rate. Women appear to have a higher chance of being called by the occupational physician (i.e., a shorter waiting time). The influence of the covariates on the hazard rate is estimated using a Weibull model. The Weibull estimations show a negative duration dependence for women, while for men there is no duration dependence. It is concluded that the higher chance for women to be called by the occupational physician is not associated with a gender difference in treatment. Rather, it is the result of a difference in underlying characteristics. Underlying characteristics that significantly predict the waiting time for the occupational physician are in particular related to the labor market position of the employee: educational qualifications, firm size, industry, occupational workload, and job tenure. Other significant predictors are duration and diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Maastricht Health Research Institute for Prevention and Care, Netherlands School of Primary Care Research, Department of Health Organisation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. c.joling@beoz.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Catelijne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joling
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Peter P M
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010819:Physician's Role; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D013997:Time Factors