title: Intensive induction chemotherapy with CBOP/BEP in patients with poor prognosis germ cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite a high cure rate in patients with testicular cancer, there remain patients in the poor prognosis group who have a less favorable outcome. Intensive induction chemotherapy using a regimen consisting of carboplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin, followed by bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (CBOP/BEP), developed at the Royal Marsden Hospital, is designed to overcome the rapid proliferation seen in germ cell tumors. This study assesses the outcome of patients with poor-prognosis nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) treated with CBOP/BEP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with NSGCT from three centers, classified as poor prognosis according to International Germ Cell Classification Consensus Group criteria, were treated with CBOP/BEP regimen during the period from 1989 to 2000. Data on treatment toxicity, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were collected prospectively on a hospital database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four male patients with poor prognosis NSGCT were treated with CBOP/BEP. The RFS at 3 and 5 years for all patients was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.8% to 91.3%). After a median follow-up of 4 years, the OS of the 54 patients was 91.5% (95% CI, 78.6% to 96.8%) at 3 years and 87.6% (95% CI, 71.3% to 94.9%) at 5 years. Three-year OS in patients with a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor was 77.1% (95% CI, 34.5% to 93.9%) compared with 95.4% (95% CI, 82.8% to 98.8%) in patients with a testicular primary tumor (P =.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results reported here compare favorably with the historical results of alternative regimens used in the management of poor-prognosis NSGCT. We suggest a phase III trial to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom. j.christian@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Huddart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fossa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aass
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Nicholl
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dearnaley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horwich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin