title: Increased cortical GABA concentrations in depressed patients receiving ECT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations have been reported in the plasma, CSF, and cortex of depressed subjects. Of interest is that ECT, one of the most effective treatments for severe refractory depression, produces considerable anticonvulsant effects that may be related to increased GABAergic transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine if cortical GABA concentrations increase following a course of ECT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occipital cortex GABA concentrations in eight depressed patients were measured by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after a course of ECT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in occipital cortex GABA concentrations was seen following ECT treatment of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occipital cortex GABA concentrations increase two-fold following ECT. This suggests possible GABAergic involvement in ECT's mechanism of anticonvulsant and antidepressant actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. gerard.sanacora@yale.edu
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanacora
authors.forename: Graeme F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Fahmeed
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hyder
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ciarcia
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ostroff
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krystal
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid