title: Clinical advances in adult asthma.
abstract: From October 2001 through September 2002, reports of clinical research on asthma in adults focused on the epidemiology of asthma, the investigation of pharmacologic and immunologic therapy in the context of new national guidelines, and discussions of medical economics. Epidemiologic findings include the observation that overall mortality has declined and hospitalizations have remained constant in the United States since 1995, although these rates are at least twice as high in Blacks. Socially and economically disadvantaged groups receive poorer health care for asthma. Young children who have fewer than 5 episodes of wheezing in conjunction with respiratory infections generally have a good prognosis and do not have compromised lung function as adults. Pharmacologic reports and the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Update recommend low- to medium-dose inhaled steroids combined with a long-acting beta-agonist as the preferred therapy for moderate persistent asthma. The use of chlorofluorocarbon-free medications for asthma is increasing. Medications comprise the largest cost category for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Apter
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006854:Hydrocortisone