Fenitrothion: toxicokinetics and toxicologic evaluation in human volunteers.
An unblinded crossover study of fenitrothion 0.18 mg/kg/day [36 times the acceptable daily intake (ADI)] and 0.36 mg/kg/day (72 X ADI) administered as two daily divided doses for 4 days in 12 human volunteers was designed and undertaken after results from a pilot study. On days 1 and 4, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis of fenitrothion and its major metabolites, as well as plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities, and biochemistry and hematology examination. Pharmacokinetic parameters could only be determined at the higher dosage, as there were insufficient measurable fenitrothion blood levels at the lower dosage and the fenitrooxone metabolite could not be measured. There was a wide range of interindividual variability in blood levels, with peak levels achieved between 1 and 4 hr and a half-life for fenitrothion of 0.8-4.5 hr. Although based on the half-life, steady-state levels should have been achieved; the area under the curve (AUC)(0-12 hr) to AUC(0-(infinity) )ratio of 1:3 suggested accumulation of fenitrothion. There was no significant change in plasma or red blood cell cholinesterase activity with repeated dosing at either dosage level of fenitrothion, and there were no significant abnormalities detected on biochemical or hematologic monitoring.
Meaklim
Jean
J
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Yang
Jinming
J
Drummer
Olaf H
OH
Killalea
Sheila
S
Staikos
Voula
V
Horomidis
Soumela
S
Rutherford
David
D
Ioannides-Demos
Lisa L
LL
Lim
Stephen
S
McLean
Allan J
AJ
McNeil
John J
JJ
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D007306:Insecticides; D002802:Cholinesterases; D005278:Fenitrothion