title: Effect of spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the effects of spironolactone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Aldosterone prevents the uptake of norepinephrine and promotes structural remodeling of the heart. Spironolactone, an aldosterone receptor blocker, improves LV remodeling in patients with DCM, but its influence on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity has not been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 30 patients with DCM who were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic. Fifteen patients were assigned to receive spironolactone additionally, whereas the remaining 15 patients continued their current regimen. The delayed heart/mediastinum (H/M) count ratio, delayed total defect score (TDS), and washout rate (WR) were determined from iodine-123 ((123)I)-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images before and six months after treatment. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were determined by echocardiography, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the spironolactone group, the TDS decreased from 36 +/- 9 to 24 +/- 13 (p < 0.0001), the H/M ratio increased from 1.64 +/- 0.20 to 1.86 +/- 0.27 (p < 0.0001), and WR decreased from 55 +/- 12% to 41 +/- 15% (p < 0.0005). In addition, the LVEDV decreased from 187 +/- 26 to 154 +/- 41 ml (p < 0.005), and LVEF increased from 33 +/- 6% to 39 +/- 6% (p < 0.005). However, there were no significant changes in these parameters in the control group. There was a significant correlation between changes in the (123)I-MIBG findings and changes in LVEDV with spironolactone treatment (TDS: r = 0.684, p = 0.0038; H/M ratio: r = -0.878, p < 0.0001; and WR: r = 0.737, p = 0.0011). The NYHA functional class improved in both groups but showed a greater improvement in the spironolactone group than in the control group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spironolactone improves cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and LV remodeling in patients with DCM.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0034, Japan. s-kasama@bay.wind.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasama
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumakura
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone