title: International Academy of Astronautics 5th cosmic study--preparing for a 21st century program of integrated, Lunar and Martian exploration and development (executive summary).
abstract: This report is an initial review of plans for a extensive program to survey and develop the Moon and to explore the planet Mars during the 21st century. It presents current typical plans for separate, associated and fully integrated programs of Lunar and Martian research, exploration and development, and concludes that detailed integrated plans must be prepared and be subject to formal criticism. Before responsible politicians approve a new thrust into space they will demand attractive, defensible, and detailed proposals that explain the WHEN, HOW and WHY of each stage of an expanded program of 21st century space research, development and exploration. In particular, the claims of daring, innovative, but untried systems must be compared with the known performance of existing technologies. The time has come to supersede the present haphazard approach to strategic space studies with a formal international structure to plan for future advanced space missions under the aegis of the world's national space agencies, and supported by governments and the corporate sector.
authors.affiliation: Aerospace Institute, Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Koelle
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Stephenson
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005101:Expeditions; D018535:Mars; D019110:Meteoroids; D016081:Moon; D016730:Program Development; D013026:Space Flight / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D018531:Spacecraft; D014893:Weightlessness