title: Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to develop and validate a short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (the CTQ-SF) as a screening measure for maltreatment histories in both clinical and nonreferred groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 70 original CTQ items were used to create a 28-item version of the scale (25 clinical items and three validity items) and test the measurement invariance of the 25 clinical items across four samples: 378 adult substance abusing patients from New York City, 396 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, 625 substance abusing individuals from southwest Texas, and 579 individuals from a normative community sample (combined N=1978).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that the CTQ-SF's items held essentially the same meaning across all four samples (i.e., measurement invariance). Moreover, the scale demonstrated good criterion-related validity in a subsample of adolescents on whom corroborative data were available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the viability of the CTQ-SF across diverse clinical and nonreferred populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Dealy Hall, 3rd Floor, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pogge
authors.forename: Taruna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahluvalia
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medrano
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zule
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States