title: The effects of seven monophasic oral contraceptive regimens on hemostatic variables: conclusions from a large randomized multicenter study.
abstract: We investigated the effects of ethinylestradiol dose (50, 30 and 20 microg) and progestogen type [desogestrel (DSG), gestodene (GSD), levonorgestrel (LNG) and norgestimate (NGM)] in oral contraceptives on 24 hemostatic variables. In a multicenter, randomized, comparative study, 707 healthy, nonsmoking, nulliparous women were treated for six cycles with one of the seven monophasic oral contraceptives tested. Significantly greater increases in prothrombin fragment 1+2 and factor VII (activity and antigen), were found in the DSG, NGM and GSD groups compared to the LNG group. Similarly, significantly lower levels of protein S (free and total) and increased APC-sr (endogenous thrombin potential based) were found in the same groups compared with the LNG group. In addition, the estradiol dose (50 vs. 30 microg) significantly influenced these parameters. All changes were within the normal range and have not been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic event (VTE). However, raised levels of these variables are associated with prothrombotic states such as pregnancy. The significance of the haemostatic changes found in this study in relation to VTE risk remains to be determined, but results of this study probably cannot explain the differences in risk of VTE between OCs containing different progestogens.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017293:Protein S / Q000378:metabolism; D011516:Prothrombin
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011372:Progestins; D017293:Protein S; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005167:Factor VII; D011516:Prothrombin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein