title: Shoulder deformities in obstetric brachial plexus paralysis: a computed tomography study.
abstract: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy invariably involves the upper roots. If left untreated, characteristic deformities of the shoulder are common sequelae. The most objective way to investigate these shoulder deformities is computed tomographic (CT) scanning of bilateral upper limbs. In this study, specific measurements on CT scans of bilateral upper extremities were performed in a population of patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy before and after reconstruction (nerve repairs and secondary procedures). The measurements showed that the restoration of external rotation and the scapula stabilization procedure correct the inclination of the humeral head, improve the joint congruency significantly, and decrease the winging of the scapula, thus improving the kinetics of the shoulder. Periodic CT measurement is an objective method of measuring the changes at the shoulder joint that occur over time during the natural evolution of the obstetric brachial plexus palsy lesion and of documenting the benefits of microsurgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23501, USA. mrc1@erols.com
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Terzis
authors.forename: Marios D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Vekris
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Panayiotis N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Soucacos
mesh_terms: D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010246:Paralysis, Obstetric / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012782:Shoulder / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed