title: Defining characteristics of expertise in Japanese clinical nursing using the Delphi technique.
abstract: A four-round Delphi technique was conducted on 127 experienced Japanese nurses to develop a consensus of opinion on the defining characteristics underlying expertise, and the prime requirements for the development of expertise in clinical nursing. Sixteen statements identified as the prime defining characteristics underlying expertise indicated that experienced Japanese nurses' picture of expertise is general, comprehensive and focused on task expertise. Four prime requirements for the development of expertise identified indicated that neither experience nor accumulation of theoretical knowledge alone is sufficient to develop expertise; but that motivation and attitude do play an essential role in the development of expertise.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, USA. ynojima@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomikawa
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makabe
authors.forename: Mariah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003697:Delphi Technique; D007564:Japan; D009042:Motivation; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards*; D009729:Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires