title: A review of the outcome of upper lid lowering for eyelid retraction and complications of spacers at a single unit over five years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of upper lid lowering for eyelid retraction at a single unit over five years and to report the high complication rate with mersilene mesh as a spacer material.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the case records of 48 patients who underwent upper lid lowering for lid retraction between January 1995 and January 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indication for surgery was eyelid retraction secondary to dysthyroid disease in 41 patients, seventh nerve palsy in 3 cases, overcorrection of ptosis elsewhere in 3 cases and previously treated orbital lymphoma in one patient. A good result was achieved in 80% with a single procedure. Undercorrection occurred in 10% and overcorrection occurred in 8%. Spacer material, either mersilene mesh or more recently vicryl, was used in 42% of lids. Late extrusion of mersilene mesh occurred in 20% of lids that had a spacer inserted an average of 18 months postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high extrusion rate with mersilene was unacceptable and the alternative spacer material vicryl is now used. The possibility of revisional surgery because of under- or overcorrection should be explained to patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oculoplastics, Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; C025539:Lavsan