title: Effect of ovaric hyper-stimulation on blood lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, leptin and nitrite among patients with unexplained infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of ovarian stimulation on TH1, TH2 and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, plasma cytokines, leptin and nitrite levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with reproductive failure were studied during the implantation window, at baseline (n = 18) and under ovarian stimulation (gonadotropins + progesterone, n = 6).
  
  
  METHODS
  eight fertile women. Lymphocyte subpopulations and NK function were determined by flow cytometry. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and leptin were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA); nitrite by the Griess reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients had higher values of NK effectors, NK activity and plasma IFN-gamma and IL-2 than controls. Conversely, TGF-beta1 values were lower. Hormones induced leukocytosis. Under stimulation, THI CD4+ cells, NK effectors and function and plasma IFN-gamma and IL-2 decreased, while transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 increased. Other variables did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormal distribution of leukocytes, high TH1 cytokines and a low TGF-beta1 associated with reproductive failure, respond to ovarian stimulation, achieving total or partial normalization.
authors.affiliation: Immunopharmacology Lab, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fornari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarto
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasqualini
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Diez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D020738:Leptin; D009573:Nitrites; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011374:Progesterone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016729:Leuprolide