title: Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts.
abstract: Seven Hawthorn extracts were tested in isolated guinea pig aorta rings. The effect on noradrenaline- (10 microM) induced contraction was investigated. The extracts were prepared using ethanol (40 to 70% v/v), methanol (40 to 70% v/v), and water as the extraction solvents. The aqueous-alcoholic extracts displayed similar spectra of constituents. They were characterised by similar procyanidin, flavonoid, total vitexin and total phenols content and by similar TLC fingerprint chromatograms. The aqueous extract, however, showed a different fingerprint and a noticeably lower concentration of procyanidins, flavonoids and total phenols but a similar total vitexin content. All 7 extracts had a relaxant effect on the aorta precontracted by noradrenaline and led to relaxations to 44 until 29% of the initial values. The EC50 values of the aqueous-alcoholic extracts varied between 4.16 and 9.8 mg/l. The aqueous extract produced a similarly strong maximal relaxation as the other extracts, but the EC50, at 22.39 mg/l, was markedly higher. The results show that Hawthorn extracts with comparable quality profiles were obtained by using aqueous-alcoholic extraction solvents (40 to 70% ethanol or methanol). The extracts exerted comparable pharmacological effects. When using water as the extraction solvent, both, the spectrum of constituents and the pharmacological effect, deviated remarkably. It is thus possible to obtain bioequivalent extracts with comparable effect profiles by using 40 to 70% ethanol or methanol as the extraction solvent.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Technischen Universität München, Germany. wolfgang.vierling@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vierling
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaedcke
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sensch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects*; D027825:Crataegus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents