Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study.
OBJECTIVE
To study the association between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and infant death in the first year of life.


METHODS
Prospective follow up study.


METHODS
Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989-96.


METHODS
18 478 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about coffee consumption during pregnancy.


METHODS
Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at > or =28 weeks' gestation) and infant death (death of a liveborn infant during the first year of life).


RESULTS
Pregnant women who drank eight or more cups of coffee per day during pregnancy had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with women who did not drink coffee (odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.9). After adjustment for smoking habits and alcohol intake during pregnancy, the relative risk of stillbirth decreased slightly. Adjustment for parity, maternal age, marital status, years of education, occupational status, and body mass index did not substantially change the estimates of association. There was no significant association between coffee consumption and death in the first year of life after adjustment for smoking habits during pregnancy.


CONCLUSIONS
Drinking coffee during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth but not with infant death.
Wisborg
Kirsten
K
Perinatal Epidemiological Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. kiwi@perinatal.dk
Kesmodel
Ulrik
U
Bech
Bodil Hammer
BH
Hedegaard
Morten
M
Henriksen
Tine Brink
TB
D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
D003069:Coffee