title: Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pulmonary arteries of smokers and patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with structural and functional changes in the pulmonary circulation that commence at an early stage. To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) might be implicated as a mediator in COPD-associated pulmonary vascular changes, we studied surgical specimens obtained from 19 nonsmokers, 21 smokers with normal lung function, 28 patients with moderate COPD, and 10 patients with severe emphysema. The expression of VEGF in pulmonary muscular arteries was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, its protein content in lung tissue by Western blot analysis, and VEGF mRNA and its isoforms were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The immunohistochemical expression of VEGF was increased in pulmonary arteries of smokers (median, 68% [interquartile range, 60-88]) and patients with moderate COPD (77% [63-82]), compared with nonsmokers (53% [40-63]) (p < 0.05 each). The expression of VEGF in smooth muscle cells correlated with the thickness of the vessel wall (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). VEGF protein content in lung tissue was reduced in severe emphysema, where reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a lower proportion of the VEGF189 isoform. In conclusion, the expression of VEGF varies according to the severity of COPD and might be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling at early stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital ClínicUniversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morales-Blanhir
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Roisin
authors.forename: Joan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barbera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004646:Emphysema / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000737:chemistry*; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors