title: Symmetry and clustering of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in elderly men and women: the Framingham Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While symmetry and clustering of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) have been described in middle-aged women, these have not been studied in elderly individuals and similar investigations are lacking for symptomatic hand OA. The goal of this study was to study patterns of joint involvement in symptomatic hand OA among elderly Caucasian men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study, we defined a joint as having symptomatic OA if it had symptoms and radiographic OA (Kellgren and Lawrence grade > or =2). We assessed clustering of symptomatic OA using a chi(2)-test and evaluated the interrelationship of occurrence of symptomatic OA among different joints with generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 976 subjects (age 71-99 yr, 36% men) examined, symptomatic OA more often affected multiple hand joints in an individual than would be expected by chance (P<0.001). The presence of symptomatic OA at a particular joint was strongly associated with symptomatic OA in the same joint of the opposite hand, followed by other joints in the same row of the same hand, and then other joints in the same ray of the same hand. The symmetrical pattern of symptomatic OA was more apparent in women than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that symptomatic OA often affects multiple hand joints, and is more likely to cluster by row than by ray. The disease also occurs in a remarkably symmetrical pattern, especially in women.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA. niujp@bu.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaValley
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chaisson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aliabadi
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Felson
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D015588:Observer Variation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D017678:Sex Distribution