title: Prognostic value of abnormal vasoreactivity of epicardial coronary arteries to sympathetic stimulation in patients with normal coronary angiograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate prospectively whether patients with normal coronary angiogram but abnormal epicardial vasoreactivity to cold pressor test (CPT) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vasoreactivity in response to CPT and dilation of epicardial arteries to intracoronary application of nitroglycerin were assessed quantitatively (percent change of luminal area, DeltaLA%) in 130 patients with normal coronary angiograms. Cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass grafting, ischemic stroke, or peripheral revascularization) were assessed as clinical outcome parameters over a mean follow-up period of 45+/-9 months. Based on their vascular responses to CPT, patients were assigned into the following 3 groups: group 1, patients with normal vasodilator response (DeltaLA >0%; n=37); group 2, patients with moderate vasoconstrictor response (DeltaLA between 0% and -15%; n=42); and group 3, patients with severe vasoconstrictor response (DeltaLA < or =-15%; n=51). Although patients from groups 2 and 3 had significantly increased vasoconstrictor response to CPT (group 2, DeltaLA -6+/-3% and group 3, DeltaLA -24+/-6% versus group 1, DeltaLA 11+/-9%; P< or =0.0001), they showed normal endothelial-independent epicardial vasodilation to intracoronary application of nitroglycerin similar to patients from group 1 (DeltaLA 39+/-16% and 34+/-14% versus 41+/-14%; P=NS, respectively). During follow-up, none of the patients from group 1 developed cardiac events. However, 7 cardiovascular events occurred in group 2 and 30 occurred in group 3 in 4 and 22 patients, respectively (P< or =0.0001, univariate by log-rank test). After adjustment for known risk factors for coronary artery disease, impaired epicardial coronary vasoreactivity to CPT remained significantly associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular events (P=0.040, multivariate by Cox regression model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with normal coronary angiogram, abnormal vasoreactivity of epicardial coronary arteries in response to sympathetic stimulation is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital of the Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany. tschindler@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hornig
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Buser
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magosaki
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.forename: Egbert U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Nitzsche
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Solzbach
authors.forename: Hanjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Just
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol