title: Report of three cases of Alzheimer's disease with focal motor symptoms: clinical correlates of neuroimaging findings.
abstract: We report clinical and neuroimaging findings for three patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) with focal motor symptoms. These patients initially showed cognitive deficits and subsequently featured myoclonus and awkward movements in the unilateral upper limb while progressing to paresis. Paresis was noted in the unilateral upper limb. All patients held the unilateral arm flexed at the wrist and elbow, closely adducted to the body and the hand fisted and pronated. No signs of cerebellar ataxia, sensory disturbance or long tract signs were observed, nor any of the initial non-cognitive behavioural changes typical of frontotemporal dementia. EEGs of these patients showed marked slowing of basic activity without epileptic discharges. MRIs showed progressive brain atrophy in the contralateral frontoparietal lobes as well as the hippocampal formation. Cases 2 and 3 featured extensive long T2 lesions on MRI. 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT revealed blood flow hypoperfusion in the corresponding regions. The cerebellum and brain stem showed neither morphological abnormalities nor blood flow hypoperfusion. On the basis of these clinical and neuroimaging observations, the focal motor symptoms were attributed to contralateral frontoparietal cortical atrophy with or without white matter lesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, 13-1, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa-ken 920-8641, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashima
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010091:Oximes; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D010091:Oximes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C068296:hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime