title: Thymidylate synthase protein expression in primary colorectal cancer: lack of correlation with outcome and response to fluorouracil in metastatic disease sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of quantitating thymidylate synthase (TS) in the primary tumor as a surrogate for metastatic disease sites to predict the likelihood of response and outcome to fluorouracil (FU) treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  TS protein expression was evaluated using the TS 106 antibody and the avidin biotin labeling immunohistochemical technique in primary tumor samples from 219 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The patients were a representative sample of those patients enrolled into the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E2290 protocol that evaluated five separate FU-containing regimens in patients with metastatic residual or recurrent colorectal carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our retrospective analysis found that the level and extent of TS protein expression in the primary tumor did not correlate with overall survival in patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer. A trend toward a direct correlation between the level of TS protein expression and response was noted in tumors that expressed high TS levels. This response advantage for patients expressing high TS levels in the primary tumor was apparent regardless of what FU-based treatment the patient received but was most apparent in the subgroup treated with leucovorin, in which the level of TS expression and response to FU and leucovorin reached statistical significance (P =.034). No significant interaction could be detected between the addition of leucovorin to FU and the level of TS expression in the primary tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that measurement of TS protein levels in the primary tumor tissue does not aid in predicting outcome or response to FU in a metastatic disease site. These assays must be performed on biopsy tissue from the metastatic disease site that is used to radiologically assess response and outcome to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland. oncology@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Al B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: M Sambasiva
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
authors.forename: Carmen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Allegra
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011379:Prognosis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C013195:sparfosic acid; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D010746:Phosphonoacetic Acid; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil