title: Geometric differences of the mitral apparatus between ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy with significant mitral regurgitation: real-time three-dimensional echocardiography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to elucidate the geometric differences of the mitral apparatus in patients with significant mitral regurgitation caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM-MR) and by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM-MR) by use of real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients with ICM-MR caused by posterior infarction, 18 patients with DCM-MR, and 8 control subjects were studied. With the 3D software, commissure-commissure plane and 3 perpendicular anteroposterior (AP) planes were generated for imaging the medial, central, and lateral sides of the mitral valve (MV) during mid systole. In 3 AP planes, the angles between the annular plane and each leaflet (anterior, Aalpha; posterior, Palpha) were measured. In ICM-MR, Aalpha measured in the medial and central planes was significantly larger than that in the lateral plane (39+/-5 degrees, 34+/-6 degrees, and 27+/-5 degrees, respectively; P<0.01), whereas Palpha showed no significant difference in any of the 3 AP planes (61+/-7 degrees, 57+/-7 degrees, and 56+/-7 degrees, P>0.05). In DCM-MR, both Aalpha (38+/-8 degrees, 37+/-9 degrees, and 36+/-7 degrees, P>0.05) and Palpha (59+/-6 degrees, 58+/-5 degrees, and 57+/-6 degrees, P>0.05) revealed no significant differences in the 3 planes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of MV deformation from the medial to the lateral side was asymmetrical in ICM-MR, whereas it was symmetrical in DCM-MR. RT3DE is a helpful tool for differentiating the geometry of the mitral apparatus between these 2 different types of functional mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Agler
authors.forename: Zoran B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Jian Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gillinov
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Delos M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging