title: Stunned, infarcted, and normal myocardium in dogs: simultaneous differentiation by using gadolinium-enhanced cine MR imaging with magnetization transfer contrast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To simultaneously differentiate stunned, infarcted, and normal myocardial regions by using gadolinium-enhanced cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with magnetization transfer contrast.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve dogs were imaged on days 1 and 8 after transient 90-minute coronary artery occlusion. A magnetization transfer contrast with echo-train readout (MTET) MR sequence was performed before and 30 minutes after gadolinium contrast enhancement. Ex vivo analysis consisted of MR imaging, microsphere blood flow analysis, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. A paired two-tailed t test was used to compare wall thickening from day 1 to day 8. Linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare infarct size depicted with MTET imaging with that seen on TTC-stained tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe wall motion abnormalities were detected in all dogs. At TTC analysis, seven dogs had evidence of myocardial infarction and five had evidence of stunned myocardium. The mean percentages of left ventricular wall thickening in infarcted, stunned, and remote myocardial regions were 2% +/- 4 (SD), 4% +/- 8, and 33% +/- 5, respectively. Wall thickening did not improve in the infarcted zones, but it improved to nearly normal levels in the stunned region 1 week after induced occlusion (mean, 40% +/- 8; P <.02). MTET images clearly depicted infarcted myocardium as brighter than both the normal and stunned myocardial regions but darker than the blood pool. In vivo MTET infarct volume correlated with ex vivo TTC analysis data (y = 1.01x + 0.00, R = 0.98, standard error of the estimate = 0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One day after myocardial ischemia, MTET during one MR imaging examination enabled simultaneous differentiation of infarcted, stunned, and normal myocardial regions on the basis of gadolinium enhancement and regional function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 10 Center Dr, Bldg 10, Rm B1D416, MSC 1061, Bethesda, MD 20892-1061, USA.
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Aletras
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Joni L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Frederick H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wassmuth
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Balaban
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004285:Dogs; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D016014:Linear Models; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA