title: Predictors of success for state vocational rehabilitation clients with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the characteristics of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who request state vocational rehabilitation services and to determine the best predictors of their successful vocational outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vocational services data from the Missouri Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight individuals with TBI who requested services from the Missouri DVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, injury severity, neuropsychologic variables, vocational services offered, and vocational status at time of case closure (successful, unsuccessful, services interrupted, no services provided).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals requesting DVR services were primarily men (71%), white (82%), single (47%), of low average intelligence (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-III full scale IQ score, 84.8), and of limited education (11.8 y). The majority experienced a significant TBI (ie, 66% were hospitalized after their TBI; 56% reported loss of consciousness; 37% reported posttraumatic amnesia; 32% reported multiple TBIs; avg time since injury, 9.2 y). At DVR case closure, 17% were rated as being successfully employed, with nearly all working in industrial, service, or clerical positions (2 in a sheltered workshop, 1 in a professional position). Stepwise logistic regressions indicated that delivery of DVR services (ie, vocational guidance and counseling, on-the-job training) predicted vocational outcome and demographic, injury severity, and neuropsychologic variables did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DVR clients have multiple impairments that affect them several years postinjury; the provision of DVR services may be more important in determining vocational outcomes than traditional medical, psychologic, and demographic variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, School of Health Professions, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA. johnstoneg@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: Brick
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vessell
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bounds
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational