title: From the roots of rhinology: the reconstruction of nasal injuries by Hippocrates.
abstract: The goal of this report is to describe the therapeutic methods and surgical techniques used by Hippocrates (5th century BC) in the treatment of nasal injuries. We studied the original Greek texts of the (generally considered genuine) Hippocratic book Mochlicon and, especially, the analytical On Joints. We identified the treatments and techniques applied to the restoration of injured noses. We found that Hippocrates classified nasal injuries, from simple contusions of soft tissues to complicated fractures. Hippocrates provided detailed instructions for each case, from poultice application and bandaging to reconstruction and reshaping of the nasal bones in cases of fractures and deviation. Hippocrates' texts reflect the interest of the classical period in nasal injuries, a common enough accident in athletics. Hippocratic conservative and surgical management for each form of injury was adopted by later physicians and influenced European medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of the History of Medicine, Medical School, National Athens University, Athens. Greece.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lascaratos
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Segas
authors.forename: Constantinos C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Trompoukis
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
mesh_terms: D001458:Bandages / Q000266:history; D003288:Contusions / Q000266:history*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000266:history*; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000266:history*; D013165:Splints / Q000266:history