title: Disparities in trends of hospitalization for potentially preventable chronic conditions among African Americans during the 1990s: implications and benchmarks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared trends in prevalence rates of preventable cardiovascular- and diabetes-related hospitalizations between African Americans and members of other major US racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized rates for 1991 to 1998 were derived from hospital and US census data for California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African Americans had significantly higher hospitalization rates in 1991, and discrepancies in rates continued to widen through 1998. Overall male and female rates were approximately 3 times higher for angina, 7 times higher for hypertension, between 7 and 8 times higher for congestive heart failure, and 10 times higher for diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Widening disparities in cardiovascular- and diabetes-related health conditions were observed in this study, possibly owing to racial inequalities in provision of effective primary care.
authors.affiliation: Morehouse School of Medicine, Social Epidemiology Research Division, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA. skdavis@msm.edu
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000208:ethnology*; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019985:Benchmarking; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D040361:Healthy People Programs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data