title: Intermittent testicular pain: fix the testes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the presenting features, signs and operative findings of children presenting with intermittent testicular pain, as testicular torsion is a relatively common and serious emergency in children that can lead to testicular loss in up to 80%, although half of these children have previous episodes of pain suggestive of intermittent torsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prospectively for all patients presenting with recurrent pain between December 2000 and June 2001. Variables assessed included presenting symptoms, age, size, lie and position of the testis when supine and erect, the operative findings and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight children had at least two previous episodes of testicular pain; four of these were admitted on six occasions. Two had undergone previous scrotal exploration. On clinical examination, six boys had a transverse testicle and two a discrepancy in testicular size. All children had their testes fixed. At operation in all patients there was abnormal attachment of the tunica vaginalis with a typical 'bell clapper' deformity. On follow-up only one patient still complains of pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of high incidence of abnormalities we consider that to improve the testicular salvage rate and prevent testicular atrophy, bilateral testicular fixation is recommended for boys with intermittent testicular pain and positive clinical findings.
authors.affiliation: Welsh Centre of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamaledeen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000601:surgery*