title: Intense inflammatory reaction to heparin polymer coated intravascular Palmaz stents in porcine arteries compared to uncoated Palmaz stents.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of heparin-polymer-coated intravascular stents in the reduction of vessel stenosis. Three types of coatings for Palmaz stents were tested: 1) heparin covalently bound to a polyethylene oxide (Hp-PEO) tether; 2) heparin copolymerized with ethylene vinyl acetate (Hp-Elvax) and 3) Elvax alone. Polymer-coated stents and uncoated controls were deployed in the external iliac arteries following endothelial injury in 18 swine. The animals were maintained on an atherogenic diet and examined by angiography at 6 and 12 weeks. The stented segments were then harvested for histopathologic analysis. Both types of heparin-coated stents resulted in increased luminal narrowing as compared to the contralateral uncoated stents. At 6 weeks, average luminal stenosis was 48% for Hp-PEO stents vs 35% for uncoated stents (p <0.05). At 12 weeks, average luminal stenosis was 36% for Hp-PEO stents vs 26% for uncoated stents (p = NS). For Hp-Elvax stents, the average stenosis was 58% vs 33% for uncoated controls (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks and 47% vs 19% for uncoated controls (p <0.05) at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference between Hp-Elvax stents and Elvax stents (p = NS). Increased luminal narrowing in coated stents was primarily secondary to a marked inflammatory response. Heparin-polyethylene oxide and heparin-ethylene vinyl acetate-coated stents resulted in increased luminal narrowing as compared with uncoated stents, due to a marked inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Hyo-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abdel-Sayed
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D008422:Materials Testing; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011145:Polyvinyls; C016438:ethylenevinylacetate copolymer; D006493:Heparin