Possible biomarkers for ionizing radiation exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Biomarkers to indicate past exposure to radiation have not been entirely satisfactory. Using cDNA microarray hybridization to find new potential biomarkers, we identified highly expressed genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) after irradiation 1 Gy ex vivo. The present set of radiation markers in PBLs was identified 12 h after radiation. A total of 44 genes were identified. However, when RT-PCR was performed with mRNA from the PBLs of five individuals, only four genes, including TRAIL receptor 2, DRAL (now known as FHL2), cyclin G, and cyclin protein gene, showed greater than 50% agreement between gene induction as detected by microarray analysis and by RT-PCR. When more than 32 donors were tested for the above four genes, greater than 85% agreement was obtained between gene induction measured by microarray analysis and by RT-PCR. There was a linear dose-response relationship between 0.5 and 4 Gy 12 h after irradiation; however, there was less linearity at later times. These results suggested that the relative expression levels of genes such as TRAIL receptor 2, FHL2, cyclin G, and cyclin protein gene in PBLs may provide estimates of radiation exposures.
Kang
Chang-Mo
CM
Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-706, Korea.
Park
Kyoung-Phil
KP
Song
Ji-Eun
JE
Jeoung
Doo-Il
DI
Cho
Chul-Koo
CK
Kim
Tae-Hwan
TH
Bae
Sangwoo
S
Lee
Su-Jae
SJ
Lee
Yun-Sil
YS
D015415:Biomarkers; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D056746:Cyclin G; D056766:Cyclin G1; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015415:Biomarkers; C534702:CCNG1 protein, human; D056746:Cyclin G; D056766:Cyclin G1; D016213:Cyclins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C105987:FHL2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors