title: Warm ischemia time does not correlate with recipient graft function in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has been shown to be a safe and effective option for renal procurement. Studies comparing open nephrectomy and hand-assisted laparoscopy have emphasized decreased warm ischemia time when compared with "pure" laparoscopic retrieval. However, no data exist that define exactly what constitutes a prolonged warm ischemia time in terms of recipient graft function. The aim of this study was to use a large, single-institution experience with LDN to determine if warm ischemia time correlates with recipient graft function as measured by serum creatinine levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 640 LDNs were performed from March 1996 to August 2001. Warm ischemia times were prospectively collected and were defined as the time from renal artery occlusion to immersion in iced saline. Serial recipient creatinine levels were measured at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (when possible) from the transplant. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis at a confidence interval of 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean warm ischemia time was 151 s with a standard error of 3.4 s and ranged from 35 to 720 s. Recipient creatinine mean at 1 week was 1.94 mg/dl with a standard error of 0.06 mg/dl and ranged from 0.5 to 10.5 mg/dl. Recipient creatinine mean at 1 month was 1.68 mg/dl with a standard error of 0.06 mg/dl and ranged from 0.6 to 8.5 mg/dl. Recipient creatinine mean at 3 months was 1.60 mg/dl with a standard error of 0.04 mg/dl and ranged from 0.6 to 8.8 mg/dl. Recipient creatinine mean at 6 months was 1.63 mg/dl with a standard error of 0.06 mg/dl and ranged from 0.7 to 13.5 mg/dl. Recipient creatinine mean at 12 months was 1.70 mg/dl with a standard error of 0.07 mg/dl and ranged from 0.5 to 14.5 mg/dl. No correlation was found between warm ischemia time and recipient creatinine levels at 1 week (p = 0.4737), 1 month (p = 0.9180), 3 months (p = 0.6227), 6 months (p = 0.8349), or 12 months (p = 0.2835).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warm ischemia time does not correlate with recipient graft function in LDN within the range of times studied. Shorter warm ischemia time associated with open donor nephrectomy and hand-assisted LDN does not necessarily offer a measurable advantage in recipient graft function. During extraction of the kidney, expediency to minimize warm ischemia time should not supersede controlled and safe maneuvers in renal vessel division and extraction of the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Maryland Center for Videoscopic Surgery, and the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Buzdon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarrell
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flowers
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007053:Ice; D007511:Ischemia; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012996:Solutions; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003404:Creatinine