title: Use of strain imaging in detecting segmental dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The distribution and magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy are not uniform in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previous echocardiographic studies have focused on global left ventricular function. Recently, myocardial Doppler strain (epsilon) imaging, a newly developed technique, has allowed the quantification of regional myocardial motion. The aim of this study was to characterize regional left ventricular systolic function by myocardial Doppler epsilon imaging in patients with HCM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in this study were 31 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and HCM, and 41 age-matched healthy patients. Regional longitudinal axial systolic epsilon was assessed at the basal, mid, and apical segments of the septal and lateral walls and compared between both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with HCM had reduced epsilon at the ventricular septum (-10.3 +/- 5.7%) compared with control patients (-19.4 +/- 3.3%, P <.001). In the HCM group, epsilon in the midseptum (-1.3 +/- 8.2%) was significantly less than at the basal (-12.2 +/- 8.7%, P <.01) and apical septum (-17.3 +/- 10.4%, P <.01), and was also less than at the midlateral wall (-9.4 +/- 5.3%, P <.05). There was a significant correlation between midseptal epsilon and intraventricular septum to posterior wall thickness ratio (r = 0.81, P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midseptal longitudinal epsilon was markedly decreased, even reversed in patients with HCM (paradoxic longitudinal systolic expansion), which was directly related to the degree of septal hypertrophy. Myocardial Doppler epsilon imaging could offer a unique approach to quantify regional systolic dysfunction in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Clevelnad OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Harry M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.forename: Zoran B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Jeanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Drinko
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology