title: Pharmacological management of erectile dysfunction.
abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common medical condition that affects the sexual life of millions of men worldwide. Many drugs are now available for treating ED; oral pharmacotherapy represents the first-line option for most patients with ED. Sildenafil, an inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5, is currently the most widely prescribed oral agent and has a very satisfactory efficacy-safety profile in all patient categories. Apomorphine SL is a dopamine D1- and D2-receptor agonist which has recently been approved for marketing in Europe. It is best selected for treating patients with mild to moderate ED. Vardenafil and tadalafil are new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors which are expected to be approved this year. Both of them have significant positive efficacy-safety profiles. Patients who do not respond to oral pharmacotherapy or who cannot use it are good candidates for intracavernosal and intraurethral therapy. Alprostadil is the most widely used drug, both for injection therapy and for the intraurethral route. The efficacy of second-line treatment is high but the attrition rate remains significant.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. montorsi.francesco@hsr.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deho'
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stief
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000527:Alprostadil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002243:Carbolines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011687:Purines; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D000068581:Tadalafil; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D002243:Carbolines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068581:Tadalafil; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D010208:Papaverine; D000527:Alprostadil; D001058:Apomorphine; D010646:Phentolamine