title: An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of enterotoxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk.
abstract: An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning occurred in Kansai district in Japan. As many as 13,420 cases frequently ingested dairy products manufactured by a factory in Osaka City. The main ingredient of these dairy products was powdered skim milk manufactured by a factory in Hokkaido. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) (< or = 0.38 ng/ml) was detected in low-fat milk and approx. 3.7 ng/g in powdered skim milk. The total intake of SEA per capita was estimated mostly at approx. 20-100 ng. The assumed attack rate was considerably lower than those reported in previous outbreaks. SEA exposed at least twice to pasteurization at 130 degrees C for 4 or 2 s retained both immunological and biological activities, although it had been partially inactivated. The present outbreak was unusual in that the thermal processes had destroyed staphylococci in milk but SEA had retained enough activity to cause intoxication.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haruki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013202:Staphylococcal Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal