title: Adverse airway events during brief nasal inhalations of volatile anaesthetics: the effect of humidity and repeated exposure on incidence in volunteers preselected by response to desflurane.
abstract: Twelve volunteers known to have airways that responded adversely to 2.0 MAC desflurane were recruited. Each volunteer inhaled three single breaths of each of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 MAC of sevoflurane, halothane, isoflurane, desflurane and balance air, with breaths of air between, whilst breathing nasally through a face mask attached to one of three filters that provided three different levels of humidification. The incidence of any adverse airway events was recorded. The anaesthetic inhaled significantly affected the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001), with the least to most irritant being sevoflurane, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane. Increasing the concentration of anaesthetic also significantly increased the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001). The filter used, and hence the level of humidification, did not affect the incidence of adverse airway events (p = 0.09), but repeated exposure caused a significant reduction in the incidence of adverse airway events (p < 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077335:Desflurane; D005260:Female; D006221:Halothane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000502:physiology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D006221:Halothane