title: A new porous hydroxyapatite for promotion of bone regeneration in maxillary sinus augmentation: clinical and histologic study in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate clinically, histologically, and immunohistochemically the use of a new porous hydroxyapatite (HA) (B. Agra, Cabon, Milan, Italy) as a grafting material for maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 28 titanium implants were placed in 12 patients with an average of 4.5 mm of bone on the sinus floor. HA granules were packed around the implants in the sinus cavity. After a healing period of 5 to 6 months, second-stage surgery was carried out. In 5 patients, bone cores were harvested from grafted areas and processed for histology and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants were clinically stable at second-stage surgery and were followed for an average of 3 years. The histology showed newly formed bone in direct contact with the HA granules. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of large quantities of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in and around the granules of HA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a new porous HA accommodated sinus floor augmentation in patients with 3 to 5 mm of bone height preoperatively. By possibly attracting circulating biocomponents at sites of tissue repair, it may promote bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: camangan@tin.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Enrico G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzocco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D016062:Porosity; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; C546871:IBSP protein, human; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D053495:Osteopontin; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium