title: Retinotopic accommodation responses in myopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reduced sensitivity to retinal image blur has been reported in myopes. Diminished blur detection reduces the error signal to the retinotopic (blur-induced) accommodation system and results in impaired accommodation responses under retinotopic conditions. This study was conducted to investigate retinotopic accommodation responses in emmetropia and myopia under dynamic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Static accommodation responses to a blur-only target with vergences of 0 to 4.5 D were measured with an optometer. Microfluctuations of accommodation were recorded with the subject viewing the target at a vergence of 4 D, and dynamic step responses were measured for step stimuli from 2.5 to 3.5 D and 2.0 to 4.0 D, with the optometer in dynamic recording mode. Measurements were obtained from a group of 32 visually normal emmetropes (EMMs) and subjects with progressing myopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stimulus-response curves were not significantly different between the refractive groups. Subjects with late-onset myopia (LOMs) demonstrated significantly larger accommodation microfluctuations compared with emmetropes and subjects with early-onset myopia (EOMs). Fourier analysis revealed that the increase in the magnitude of the fluctuations was mediated by the low-frequency components. Accommodation step responses revealed longer reaction times in LOMs. Further analysis showed that LOMs responded to accommodation step stimuli only between 43% and 64% of the time. In contrast, the other groups showed a response rate of almost 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experiments demonstrate a reduction in retinotopic processing in LOMs, which results in an increased variability in their dynamic accommodation response to stationary near targets and reduced performance for dynamic step tasks. The results demonstrate a reduced blur appreciation under dynamic conditions in these refractive groups that may lead to periods of retinal image blur of varying magnitude during near work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. d.seidel@gcal.ac.uk
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Lyle S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heron
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors