title: A two-year follow-up of psychodynamic psychotherapy for internalizing disorders in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate short- and long-term effects of time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy (PP) for children with internalizing disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight outpatient children (6.3-10.9 years old), seen in a process of routine care and meeting criteria for depressive or anxiety disorder, were assigned to either active treatment or community services. Subjects were measured at baseline, after 6 months, and at a 2-year follow-up, by Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major improvements in the experimental group were found in C-GAS and CBCL. These differences are noted at different times, with the C-GAS findings seen at 6 months and the CBCL findings at 2-year follow-up. Significant differences were found also for externalizing syndrome scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PP is effective in treating internalizing disorders in routine outpatient care. The benefits of treatment are manifest both immediately and with delayed onset (sleeper effect). The finding that PP patients sought mental health services at a significantly lower rate than comparison conditions represents an important economic impact of PP.
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Italy. f.muratori@inpe.unipi.it
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picchi
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patarnello
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome