title: Cross-cultural differences in the conceptualisation of patients' satisfaction with psychiatric services--content validity of the English version of the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The VSSS is a multi-dimensional questionnaire developed to address methodological concerns about measurement of satisfaction with services on the part of psychiatric patients. The acceptability, sensitivity, content validity and test-retest reliability of the original version of the VSSS, in Italian, have already been demonstrated [1, 2]. The internal consistency [3] and test-retest reliability [4] of the English translation have been shown to be within acceptable ranges. The content validity of the original 82-item and the 54-item English version has not yet been assessed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to assess the content validity of the English translation of the VSSS and to compare it with that of the original version in Italian.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data collected as part of the first wave (T1) of the PRiSM Psychosis Study [5] and repeated the methods used to assess the content validity of the original Italian version of the VSSS [1, 2]. Content elements derived from answers to four open questions were rated independently by CH and HH in terms of their equivalence to VSSS items or dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  were compared to those from the content validity study of the Italian version. Results Inter-rater agreement was very high. The largest proportion of the content elements of the answers were rated as equivalent or related to a questionnaire item or a dimension of the VSSS. The dimension 'Professionals' Skills and Behaviour' appears the most significant contributor to satisfaction, as it was most often related to content elements in answers to all four key questions (39.1 %). The second most frequently mentioned dimension was that of 'Types of Intervention' for three out of four open questions, while 'Access' was second most frequent for the fourth. Of the content elements, 17.2 % did not include items or dimensions covered by the VSSS; the three most frequently mentioned were other patients, food and security.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 82-item English version of the VSSS captures sharply most contents relevant to patients' satisfaction. Consideration of contributors to satisfaction so far neglected may refine the conceptualisation of satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: HSRD, Box P029, David Goldberg Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hales
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
mesh_terms: D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002965:Classification; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004739:England; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016743:Mental Competency; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*