[Identification and classification of beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of bacteria].
Emergence of bacterial resistance has rendered ineffective a number of previously valuable antibiotic treatments and now threatens the effectiveness of others. beta-Lactam resistance is no longer predominantly a hospital-treated problem; it has now become an important issue in community medicine. More than 100-beta-lactamases have been identified and classified according to their structure, substrate specificity, and whether they are chromosomal or plasmid-mediated. beta-Lactamase production is rare among Gram-positive pathogens, important exceptions being Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. By contrast, many Gram-negative pathogens are beta-lactamase-positive; inducible and/or hyper-productive strains are particularly challenging in the clinical setting. Surveillance programs have shown that, in general, beta-lactam resistance is on the increase, and that the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase have developed rapidly over past decade such as ESBLs and carbapenemases.
Inoue
Matsuhisa
M
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and Environmental Infection Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kitasato University.
Nakano
Ryuichi
R
Hosaka
Yoshio
Y
Okitsu
Naohiro
N
Kaneko
Kenichi
K
Komatsu
Yoko
Y
Kitasato
Hidero
H
Okamoto
Ryoichi
R
D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D001618:beta-Lactamases