title: Cost of community gastroenteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroenteritis is a common illness that causes considerable morbidity in developed countries. Endemic gastroenteritis that is not associated with outbreaks causes the greatest number of cases, but information is limited about the burden of this disease, and the resources required to manage its impact on society. In the present study, we estimated the rate of endemic gastroenteritis, the number of visits to the local doctor, use of medication, and the cost of gastroenteritis in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a community-based study of gastroenteritis, a general practice surveillance network, the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Health Insurance Commission were used to measure endemic gastroenteritis and other study outcomes. The results were then extrapolated to the Australian Community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were an estimated 0.8 cases of gastroenteritis per person per year in Australia. This equated to 15,173,430 cases of gastroenteritis in Australia annually. The age-standardized estimate of the total number of visits to the general practitioner (GP) for gastroenteritis was 1024,214 at a cost of 26,722,691 Australian dollars. The average cost of prescribed medication per visit was 6.83 Australia dollars; the estimated total cost of prescribed medication was 6995,381 Australian dollars. The estimated cost of over-the-counter medication was 14,587,477 Australia dollars. It was estimated that people working full or part-time had 0.13 days-off per person per year because of gastroenteritis, at a cost of 137,924,170 Australian dollars. The estimated total cost of endemic gastroenteritis in Australia was 342,855,616 Australian dollars of which 75,908,274 Australian dollars was direct medical costs and 266,947,342 Australian dollars was time costs and the costs for time off work to care for a sick family member.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endemic gastroenteritis is an important illness in both developed and developing countries. Although in developed countries, the majority of individual cases are mild to moderate in their severity; the overall costs are significant. The results highlight the need for ongoing research to identify the main causes of endemic gastroenteritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. margaret.hellard@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hellard
authors.forename: Marthai I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Fairley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000191:economics; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures / Q000191:economics; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000191:economics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents