title: Liquid chromatography with electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry for the determination of anatoxins in cyanobacteria and drinking water.
abstract: Anatoxin-a (AN) and homoanatoxin-a (HMAN) are potent neurotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacterial species. A new, sensitive liquid chromatography/multiple tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)) method has been developed for the determination of these neurotoxins. The LC system was coupled, via an electrospray ionisation (ESI) source, to an ion-trap mass spectrometer in positive ion mode. The [M+H](+) ions at m/z 166 (anatoxin-a) and m/z 180 (homoanatoxin-a) were used as the precursor ions for multiple MS experiments. MS(2)bond;MS(4) spectra displayed major fragment ions at m/z 149 (AN), 163 (HMAN), assigned to [Mbond;NH(3)+H](+); m/z 131 (AN), 145 (HMAN), assigned to [Mbond;NH(3)bond;H(2)O+H](+), and m/z 91 [C(7)H(7)](+). Although the chromatographic separation of these neurotoxins is problematic, reversed-phase LC, using a C(18) Luna column, proved successful. Calibration data for anatoxin-a using spiked water samples (10 mL) in LC/MS(n) modes were: LC/MS (25-1000 microg/L), r(2) = 0.998; LC/MS(2) (5-1000(microg/L), r(2) = 0.9993; LC/MS(3) (2.5-1000 microg/L), r(2) = 0.9997. Reproducibility data (% RSD, N = 3) for each LC/MS(n) mode ranged between 2.0 at 500 microg/L and 7.0 at 10 microg/L. The detection limit (S/N = 3) for AN was better than 0.03 ng (on-column) for LC/MS(3) which corresponded to 0.6 microg/L.
authors.affiliation: PROTEOBIO, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Ambrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehane
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052998:Microcystins; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014326:Tropanes; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D014326:Tropanes; C073221:homoanatoxin; C509783:anatoxin a