title: [Esophageal perforations and fistulas: clinical management].
abstract: Aim of this study was the literature review regarding esophageal perforations and fistulas. We examined the most common causes, clinical findings (symptoms and signs), laboratory and imaging studies for differential diagnosis and complications. Finally, we examined the surgical or endoscopic treatment and the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Roma.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogliolo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ierfone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Fulvio
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stragapede
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
mesh_terms: D004937:Esophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans