Non-classical pathways of cell-mediated allograft rejection: new challenges for tolerance induction?
Allograft rejection results from separate pathways primarily controlled by CD4+ T cells. Refinement of transplantation models together with investigations on rejection occurring despite co-stimulation blockade revealed unexpected pathways involving CD8+ T cells, NK cells and Th2 cytokines. In this minireview, we discuss these non-classical pathways of allograft rejection and their relevance for the induction of tolerance in the clinics.
Le Moine
Alain
A
Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Goldman
Michel
M
D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
D000941:Antigens; D000954:Antigens, Surface; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; C527203:KLRB1 protein, human; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D011506:Proteins