Modeling measured glottal volume velocity waveforms.
The source-filter theory of speech production describes a glottal energy source (volume velocity waveform) that is filtered by the vocal tract and radiates from the mouth as phonation. The characteristics of the volume velocity waveform, the source that drives phonation, have been estimated, but never directly measured at the glottis. To accomplish this measurement, constant temperature anemometer probes were used in an in vivo canine constant pressure model of phonation. A 3-probe array was positioned supraglottically, and an endoscopic camera was positioned subglottically. Simultaneous recordings of airflow velocity (using anemometry) and glottal area (using stroboscopy) were made in 3 animals. Glottal airflow velocities and areas were combined to produce direct measurements of glottal volume velocity waveforms. The anterior and middle parts of the glottis contributed significantly to the volume velocity waveform, with less contribution from the posterior part of the glottis. The measured volume velocity waveforms were successfully fitted to a well-known laryngeal airflow model. A noninvasive measured volume velocity waveform holds promise for future clinical use.
Verneuil
Andrew
A
Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90024-1624, USA.
Berry
David A
DA
Kreiman
Jody
J
Gerratt
Bruce R
BR
Ye
Ming
M
Berke
Gerald S
GS
D000392:Air Movements; D000399:Air Pressure; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D007823:Laryngeal Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods