Impairment of antimicrobial activity and nitric oxide production in alveolar macrophages from smokers of marijuana and cocaine.
Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) were recovered from the lungs of healthy nonsmokers (NS) or smokers of tobacco (TS), marijuana (MS), or crack cocaine (CS) and challenged in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus. AMs from NS and TS exhibited potent antibacterial activity that correlated with the production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of NO synthase without the requirement for priming with exogenous cytokines. In contrast, AMs from MS and CS exhibited minimal antibacterial activity and failed to produce NO unless primed with additional cytokines. These results confirm that NO plays a significant role as an effector molecule used by normal human AMs, but this capacity is suppressed in AMs from MS and CS because of a lack of intrinsic cytokine priming.
Shay
Angela Hanchi
AH
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Choi
Ruth
R
Whittaker
Katherine
K
Salehi
Ken
K
Kitchen
Christina M R
CM
Tashkin
Donald P
DP
Roth
Michael D
MD
Baldwin
Gayle Cocita
GC
D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II