title: Evaluation of the efficiency of extraction of PAHs from diesel particulate matter with pressurized solvents.
abstract: Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE) was evaluated for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-derivatives from diesel particulate matter. Extraction conditions were set up by performing several tests in which temperature, solvent strength, pressure, and static time were gradually increased. The results obtained on a laboratory test material made of a "lean" (low content of soluble fraction) Diesel particulate matter indicate that very severe conditions were needed in order to obtain better recoveries of the higher molecular weight molecules. Moreover, extraction efficiency seems to be influenced by the amount of soluble matter in the particulate, so that a "lean" particulate appears more difficult to extract. Recoveries of the deuterated standards of certain PAHs (i.e. indeno[1,2,3- cd]pyrene) were incomplete even with the toughest conditions tested. Experiments carried out on a certified material (SRM 1650 from NIST) also indicate that PFE can perform a better extraction of some of the PAHs than the method used for certification, but still incomplete. Comparison of results obtained on the SRM with different extraction techniques suggests that the composition of the extract varies considerably with the extraction technique and conditions. It is relevant to notice that recent Diesel engines produce leaner particulate: for future materials more drastic extraction conditions will be required.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. lturrio@iss.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turrio-Baldassarri
authors.forename: Chiara Laura
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Battistelli
authors.forename: Anna Laura
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Iamiceli
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003903:Deuterium; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000592:standards; D011312:Pressure; D012015:Reference Standards; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D003903:Deuterium