title: Portal vein embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles and coils in preparation for major liver resection for hepatobiliary malignancy: safety and effectiveness--study in 26 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils is safe and effective for inducing lobar hypertrophy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  PVE was performed in 26 patients. All patients had malignancy: metastases (n = 11), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 9), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 5), and gallbladder carcinoma (n = 1). One patient had underlying liver disease caused by hepatitis. PVE was performed if the future liver remnant (FLR) was estimated to be less than 25% of the total liver volume. PVE was performed with a percutaneous transhepatic approach (right, 25 patients; left, one patient). PVA particles and coils were used to occlude the right portal system and veins supplying segment IV to promote FLR hypertrophy (segments I-III +/- IV). FLR hypertrophy was assessed with comparison of computed tomographic scans obtained before and 2-4 weeks after PVE. Effectiveness evaluation was based on changes in absolute FLR size and ratio of FLR to total estimated liver volume (TELV). Safety of PVE and hepatic resection was determined with postprocedure complication rate and median hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients underwent hepatic resection (right trisegmentectomy [n = 13], right lobectomy [n = 3]) without mortality. Ten patients did not undergo resection (complete remission after medical therapy [n = 1], lack of regeneration [n = 2], extrahepatic disease undetected prior to PVE [n = 7]). Six patients had biliary obstruction; five were treated percutaneously before PVE. No patient developed postembolization syndrome or signs of fulminant hepatic insufficiency after PVE or resection. Two patients had complications after PVE that did not preclude successful resection. Median hospital stays were 1 day (PVE) and 7 days (liver resection). Mean absolute FLR increased from 325.0 to 458.6 cm3 (increase, 41.1%). Mean TELV was 1,784.8 cm3. FLR/TELV ratio increase was 8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative PVE with PVA particles and coils is safe and effective for inducing lobar hypertrophy in patients with advanced hepatobiliary malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 325, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Madoff
authors.forename: Marshall E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Eddie K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Vauthey
mesh_terms: D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D011169:Portal Vein; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol