title: Active K+ secretion through multiple KCa-type channels and regulation by IKCa channels in rat proximal colon.
abstract: Colonic K+ secretion stimulated by cholinergic agents requires activation of muscarinic receptors and the release of intracellular Ca2+. However, the precise mechanisms by which this rise in Ca2+ leads to K+ efflux across the apical membrane are poorly understood. In the present study, Northern blot analysis of rat proximal colon revealed the presence of transcripts encoding rSK2 [small conductance (SK)], rSK4 [intermediate conductance (IK)], and rSlo [large conductance (BK)] Ca2+-activated K+ channels. In dietary K+-depleted animals, only rSK4 mRNA was reduced in the colon. On the basis of this observation, a cDNA encoding the K+ channel rSK4 was cloned from a rat colonic cDNA library. Transfection of this cDNA into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells led to the expression of Ca2+-activated K+ channels that were blocked by the IK channel inhibitor clotrimazole (CLT). Confocal immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of IK channels in proximal colonic crypts, and Western blotting demonstrated that IK protein sorted to both the apical and basolateral surfaces of colonic epithelia. In addition, transcellular active K+ secretion was studied on epithelial strips of rat proximal colon using unidirectional 86Rb+ fluxes. The addition of thapsigargin or carbachol to the serosal surface enhanced net 86Rb+ secretion. The mucosal addition of CLT completely inhibited carbachol-induced net 86Rb+ secretion. In contrast, only partial inhibition was observed with the BK and SK channel inhibitors, iberiotoxin and apamin, respectively. Finally, in parallel with the reduction in SK4 message observed in animals deprived of dietary K+, carbachol-induced 86Rb+ secretion was abolished in dietary K+-depleted animals. These results suggest that the rSK4 channel mediates K+ secretion induced by muscarinic agonists in the rat proximal colon and that transcription of the rSK4 channel is downregulated to prevent K+ loss during dietary K+ depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, P. O. Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: Srisaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basavappa
authors.forename: Sadasivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidyasagar
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nehrke
authors.forename: Selvi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Emile L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Boulpaep
authors.forename: Vazhaikkurichi M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rajendran
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D051660:Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; C491575:Kcnn4 protein, rat; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D001030:Apamin; C064719:iberiotoxin; D002217:Carbachol; D003022:Clotrimazole; D011188:Potassium