[Risk factors of malignant skin melanoma in Italian population: review of results of a case-control study].
Cutaneous melanoma incidence rates are rapidly increasing worldwide, including in the Mediterranean countries. Sunlight exposure has been associated with melanoma, but the mechanisms of UV radiation-induced carcinogenesis is still largely unknown. In mammalian cells, UV radiation induces DNA damage that can be repaired mostly by the nucleotide excision repair system. We summarize here the results of a case-control study conducted at the Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, Italy to assess host and environmental risk factors for melanoma. We recruited 183 incident cutaneous melanoma cases and 179 controls selected predominantly among partners or close friends of the cases. Presence of dysplasticlatypical nevi (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.4-7.4), low propensity to tan (OR: 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.0), light skin (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.4-12.1), and light eye color (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2) were the strongest risk factors for melanoma in this population. A chart identifying melanoma risk associated with multiple combinations of these factors is presented. We used the host-cell reactivation assay on subjects' lymphocytes to measure individual DNA repair capacity (DRC) after UV-induced DNA damage. Subjects with low tanning ability and low DRC had a higher melanoma risk (OR: 8.6; 95% CI: 2.7-27.5) than those with higher tanning ability and high DRC. Subjects with dysplastic nevi and low DRC had a higher risk (OR: 6.7; 95% CI: 2.4-18.6) than those lacking dysplastic nevi and with high DRC. These results may help identify high-risk subjects in the Mediterranean populations who would the benefit from preventive measures.
Baccarelli
Andrea
A
Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute/NIH 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 7110, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA. baccarea@mail.nih.gov
Landi
Maria Teresa
MT
D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects