title: Diamond planar refractive lenses for third- and fourth-generation X-ray sources.
abstract: The fabrication and testing of planar refractive hard X-ray lenses made from bulk CVD diamond substrates is reported. The lens structures were generated by electron-beam lithography and transferred by reactive-ion etching into the diamond. Various lens designs were fabricated and tested at 12.4 and 17.5 keV photon energy. Efficiencies of up to 71% and gains of up to 26 were achieved. A line focus of 3.2 micro m (FWHM) was measured. These lenses should be able to withstand the extreme flux densities expected at the planned fourth-generation X-ray sources.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. bernd.noehammer@psi.ch
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nöhammer
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoszowska
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: David