title: High-normal blood pressure and microalbuminuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-normal blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk compared with optimal BP, but no study has specifically examined the association between high-normal BP and microalbuminuria, an established predictor of future cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of normotensive (systolic BP [SBP] < 140 mm Hg, diastolic BP [DBP] < 90 mm Hg) individuals without diabetes with no hypertension history enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BP was categorized as high normal (SBP, 130 to 139 mm Hg or DBP, 85 to 89 mm Hg), normal (SBP, 120 to 129 mm Hg or DBP, 80 to 84 mm Hg), and optimal (SBP < 120 mm Hg and DBP < 80 mm Hg). We also separately examined SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure. Microalbuminuria was defined using sex-specific cutoff values (urine albumin-creatinine ratio > or = 17 and < or = 250 microg/mg [> or =1.0 and < or =28 mg/mmol] for men and > or = 25 and < or = 355 microg/mg for women [> or =3 and < or =40 mg/mmol]). We used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association between different BP measurements and microalbuminuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with optimal BP, high-normal BP was significantly associated with increased odds of microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 3.01). Similarly, MAP (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.74 per 10-mm Hg increment), SBP (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.48 per 10-mm Hg increment), and DBP (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.57 per 10-mm Hg increment) were significantly associated with microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-normal BP is significantly associated with microalbuminuria compared with optimal BP and may be a biomarker of the increased cardiovascular risk observed in this population.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. elknight@partners.org
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Holly M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Curhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D044469:Racial Groups; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology