title: Menstrual cycle, female hormone use and urinary incontinence in premenopausal women.
abstract: Our aim was to study the association between menstrual cycle characteristics, the use of female hormones and urinary incontinence (UI) in an age-stratified random population sample of 2158 premenopausal women who answered a questionnaire on urinary incontinence. Episodes of UI during 1997 were reported by 18.3% and one or more episodes of UI the preceding year by 3.9%. Based on multiple logistic regression, self-reported UI the day before answering the questionnaire was found to be associated with current hormone use for menstrual disorders (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.6), a recent decrease in bleeding duration (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.7), being on days 11-15 before the expected end of the menstrual cycle the preceding day (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.0), and with general UI risk factors, i.e. vaginal childbirth, childhood enuresis, BMI >/=530 and exposure to abdominal and/or gynecologic surgery. The findings are in accordance with a hypothesis of hormonal variation being a risk indicator of UI in premenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. lh@soci.au.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hvidman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foldspang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mommsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bugge Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal