title: Aerosol delivery of virulent Mycobacterium bovis to cattle.
abstract: METHODS
  Although animal models of aerosol inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis have been reported using laboratory animals, a model of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle has not been reported previously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Develop and characterize a model of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle, and compare the distribution of lesions in cattle infected with either of two different strains of M. bovis, one isolated from cattle (HC2005T), and the other isolated from white-tailed deer (1315).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cattle (n=20, female and castrated males) aged 4 months, were infected with 1 x 10(3) (n=5) or 1 x 10(5) (n=5) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. bovis 1315 or 1 x 10(3) (n=5) or 1x10(5) (n=5) CFU of M. bovis HC2005T. Calves were infected using a commercially available aerosol delivery system. One hundred fifty-five days after infection, calves were euthanized, examined and tissues collected for microscopic analysis and bacteriologic culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of 20 calves developed tuberculosis. Typical tuberculous lesions were most pronounced in the lungs and tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system described provides a reliable method of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle. Lesion distribution suggests that the aerosolized inoculum was delivered deep into pulmonary alveoli and thus represents true aerosol exposure. Disease was more severe in groups receiving the highest dose of either inoculum strain; however, differences between strains were not seen. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA. mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: W Ray
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Whipple
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols