title: Enzymatically modified LDL induces cathepsin H in human monocytes: potential relevance in early atherogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modification with proteases and cholesterylesterase transforms LDL to a moiety that resembles lipoproteins isolated from atherosclerotic lesions and possesses atherogenic properties. To identify changes in monocyte-derived foam cells laden with enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), we compared patterns of the most abundant transcripts in these cells after incubation with LDL or E-LDL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial analyses of gene expression (SAGE) libraries were constructed from human monocytes after treatment with LDL or E-LDL. Several tags were differentially expressed in LDL-treated versus E-LDL-treated cells, whereby marked selective induction by E-LDL of cathepsin H was conspicuous. We show that cathepsin H is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions in colocalization with E-LDL. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LDL modified with cathepsin H and cholesterylesterase can confer onto LDL the capacity to induce macrophage foam cell formation and to induce cathepsin H.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cathepsin H could contribute to the transformation of LDL to an atherogenic moiety; the process might involve a self-sustaining amplifying circle.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Department for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Hochhaus am Augustusplatz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Shan-Rui
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strach
authors.forename: Prapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suriyaphol
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paprotka
authors.forename: Shin Ihi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torzewski
authors.forename: Sucharit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhakdi
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Husmann
mesh_terms: D056655:Cathepsin H; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D002403:Cathepsins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C534126:CTSH protein, human; D056655:Cathepsin H