title: Calcification in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to investigate the prevalence of intratumoral calcification in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and to review computed tomography (CT) and histological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1992 through March 2000, 35 out of 1183 surgically resected lung cancer patients were histologically diagnosed as having LCNEC at our institute. We reviewed the plain radiographs and CT scans of these 35 LCNEC patients. In LCNEC cases with intratumoral calcification, we examined the size, number, distribution and pattern of intratumoral calcifications visible on the CT scans and the histological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases (9%) exhibited calcification. The calcifications were recognized by CT scans alone. The CT scans showed punctate or eccentric intratumoral calcifications, which are considered to be a malignant feature, in all three cases. In two cases, the calcifications were histologically confirmed to be located within the necrotic areas of a tumor nest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found three LCNEC cases with intratumoral calcification. The prevalence of LCNEC calcification was similar to that in previous reports on lung cancer. The mechanism of the intratumoral calcification in our LCNEC cases is speculated to be dystrophic calcification.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East and Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takamochi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokose
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmatsu
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed