title: Effects of oral soy protein on markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women with mild hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) may protect arteries against atherosclerosis, as suggested by experimental studies. Estrogen therapy enhances the bioactivity of NO in the vasculature of healthy postmenopausal women, but is not acceptable for long-term use by many women. Observational studies have demonstrated beneficial cardiovascular effects of soy protein in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We examined whether the consumption of isolated soy protein may improve markers of vascular inflammation in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 24 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia received 25 g of soy protein or a placebo daily for 6 weeks, with treatment periods separated by 1 month. Markers of vascular inflammation were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, including: soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r), E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). There was no effect of soy protein in comparison with placebo on the inflammatory markers: the sIL-2r level was 942.2 +/- 335.3 pg/mL with soy protein and 868.5 +/- 226.9 pg/mL with placebo (P =.311); E-selectin was 39.6 +/- 16.5 ng/mL with soy protein and 42.1 +/- 17.6 ng/mL with placebo (P =.323); P-selectin was 157.9 +/- 67.9 ng/mL with soy protein and 157.5 +/- 47.6 ng/mL with placebo, (P =.977); ICAM-1 was 266.0 +/- 81.3 ng/mL with soy protein and 252.5 +/- 82.7 ng/mL with placebo (P =.435); VCAM-1 was 402.7 +/- 102.1 ng/mL with soy protein and 416.4 +/- 114.8 ng/mL with placebo (P =.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of 25 g of isolated soy protein daily for 6 weeks does not substantially affect markers of vascular inflammation in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine A, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. navablum@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Nesia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vigder
authors.forename: Pnina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Israeli
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumanovsky
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lupovitz
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elgazi
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben-Ami
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D007529:Isoflavones; D008894:Milk Proteins; D019007:P-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide