title: The symptoms and clinical course of acute bullous myringitis in children less than two years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  the most characteristic symptom of acute bullous myringitis (inflammation of the tympanic membrane) is a sudden onset of severe ear pain. However, in infants and young children a precise symptom history is more difficult to obtain and the symptoms may be less specific. Our objective was to determine the occurrence of different symptoms, signs and the recovery of symptoms during the course of acute bullous myringitis in children less than 2 years. We also evaluated whether there were any specific features in bullous myringitis in comparison with acute otitis media (AOM).
  
  
  METHODS
  2028 children (aged 7-24 months) at primary care level in a prospective longitudinal cohort study in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  during the follow-up there were 86 office visits with bullous myringitis in 92 ears and 1876 office visits with acute otitis media in 2683 ears. Middle ear fluid developed in 97% of cases of bullous myringitis during the course of disease. Earache was present in 58% and fever (>or=38 degrees C) in 62% of cases of bullous myringitis. The symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (rhinitis in 93% and cough in 73% of events) were present in a majority of cases. Earache, fever, rubbing of the ear, restless sleeping, excessive crying and poor appetite were present more often in bullous myringitis than in acute otitis media. The symptoms were relieved in 1-2 days in a majority of cases. There were no recognized cases of bullous myringitis in ears with patent tympanostomy tubes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  acute bullous myringitis in children represents a special form of AOM with more severe symptoms. Earache and fever were more common in bullous myringitis than in AOM. However, the condition resolved rapidly and the short-term outcome was good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland. kotikoski@koti.tpo.it
authors.forename: Mikko J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kotikoski
authors.forename: Arto A I
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Palmu
authors.forename: Heikki J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Puhakka
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines