title: Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis in gastric cancer patients by immunomagnetic separation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Micrometastasis to the bone marrow can predict widespread disease and a poor prognosis of cancer patients after surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of detecting micrometastasis in the bone marrow of gastric cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 53 gastric cancer patients at the time of surgery. These samples were enriched by immunomagnetic separation and immunostained with an anti-cytokeratin antibody. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and erbB-2/HER2 was examined in the primary tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokeratin-positive cancer cells were observed in the bone marrow of 16 (30%) of 53 patients. Among them, two patients also had cancer cells in the peripheral blood. The presence of bone marrow micrometastasis was correlated with the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis but was not associated with peritoneal dissemination. Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis was not correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor or HER2 expression in the primary tumors. Four patients with micrometastasis had recurrence in the liver or lungs, but this did not occur in patients without micrometastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of cancer cells in the bone marrow might be an indicator of postoperative hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunami
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007633:Keratins; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007633:Keratins; D008222:Lymphokines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors