title: An examination of perceived stress in family caregivers of older adults with heart failure.
abstract: This investigation evaluates the moderating influence of social support on the negative effects of stress for family caregivers and validates the Perceived Stress Scale as a standard of measurement. Seventy-five family caregivers to older adults with heart failure were interviewed in their homes about perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social support after hospital discharge. The Perceived Stress Scale demonstrated internal consistency. Social support did not moderate the effects of stress on depressive symptoms. Lack of a significant association between salivary cortisol and the Perceived Stress Scale did not support testing of construct validity. Stress levels, however, frequently vary due to caregiving demands and additional influencing factors.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA. karen12@uakron.edu
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunphy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone