title: The LONFLIT4-Concorde--Sigvaris Traveno Stockings in Long Flights (EcoTraS) Study: a randomized trial.
abstract: The LONFLIT1/2 studies have established that in high-risk subjects after long ( > 10 hours) flights the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) may be between 4% and 6%. The LONFLIT4 study was aimed at evaluating the control of edema and DVT prevention in low-medium-risk subjects. In this study prophylaxis of edema with specific travel stockings was evaluated in 2 separate studies involving flights lasting 7 hours and 10-12 hours. Part I. Subjects at low-medium risk for DVT were contacted; 55 subjects were excluded for several nonmedical, travel-related problems or inconvenient evaluation time; the remaining 211 were randomized into 2 groups to evaluate prophylaxis with elastic stockings in 7-8-hour, long-haul flights. The control group had no prophylaxis; the treatment group used below-knee, Sigvaris Traveno elastic stockings (Ganzoni, Switzerland, producing 12-18 mm Hg of pressure at the ankle). Color duplex scanning was used to evaluate the possible presence of DVT; edema/swelling were evaluated with a composite score including the presence of edema (with an edema tester), variations in ankle circumference and leg volumetry, subjective swelling, and discomfort (scale ranging from 0 to 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 103 included subjects in the stockings group and 108 in the control group (total 211), 195 subjects completed the study. Dropouts (16) were due to low compliance or traveling and connection problems. Age, sex distribution, and risk factors distributions were comparable in the 2 groups. Stockings Group: Of 97 subjects none had DVT or superficial thromboses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 98 subjects none had thrombosis. The level of edema at inclusion was comparable in the 2 groups of subjects. After flights there was an average score of 6.4 (1.3) in the control group, while in the stockings group the score was on average 2.4 (SD 1), 2.6 times lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the control group 83% of the subjects had an evident increase in ankle circumference and volume that was visible at inspection and associated with discomfort. The control of edema with stockings was clear, considering both parametric data (circumference and volume) and nonparametric (analogue scale lines) measurements. Part II. In this part of the study 200 subjects at low-medium risk for DVT were contacted; 35 subjects were excluded for several nonmedical, travel-related problems or inconvenient evaluation time; the remaining 165 were randomized into 2 groups to evaluate prevention in flights lasting between 11 and 12 hours. The control group had no prophylaxis; the treatment group used Traveno stockings. Of the 83 included subjects in the stockings group and 82 in the control group (total 165), 146 subjects completed the study. Dropouts were due to low compliance or connection problems. Age/sex distribution were comparable. Of 75 subjects completing the study in the stockings group and 71 in the control group, none had thrombosis. The average level of edema at inclusion was comparable in the 2 groups (1.1). After the flight there was a score of 8.9 (2) in controls; in the stockings group the score was 2.56 (1.3) (p < 0.05). The control of edema and swelling with stockings even after 11 hours of flight was clear, considering both parametric (circumference, volume) and nonparametric (analogue scale lines) measurements. The tolerability of the stockings was very good and there were no complaints or side effects. In conclusion Sigvaris Traveno stockings are very effective in controlling edema in long-haul flights.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine Vascular Laboratory, Chieti University, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geroulakos
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lennox
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moia
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brandolini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramaswami
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bavera
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugall
authors.forename: Edmondo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000401:Aircraft; D001458:Bandages; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*