title: Randomized cross-over trial of insulin glargine plus lispro or NPH insulin plus regular human insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on intensive insulin regimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare blood glucose control and incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on multiple injection regimens managed with either an insulin analog combination or NPH insulin plus regular human insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized cross-over study, 28 adolescents with type 1 diabetes on multiple injection therapy received either insulin glargine prebedtime plus lispro preprandially (LIS/GLAR) or NPH insulin prebedtime plus regular human insulin preprandially (R/NPH). During each 16-week treatment arm, subjects completed home blood glucose profiles, and at the end of each treatment arm, they were admitted for an overnight metabolic profile. A total of 25 subjects completed the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with R/NPH therapy, LIS/GLAR was associated with lower mean blood glucose levels (LIS/GLAR versus R/NPH): fasting (8.0 vs. 9.2 mmol/l, P < 0.0001), 2 h postbreakfast (8.1 vs. 10.7 mmol/l, P < 0.0005), prelunch (8.9 vs. 10.1 mmol/l, P < 0.01), and 2 h postlunch (8.0 vs. 9.5 mmol/l, P < 0.002). However, there was no difference in mean blood glucose levels before or after the evening meal. Incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia on overnight profiles was 43% lower on LIS/GLAR compared with R/NPH therapy; however, there was no difference in rates of self-reported symptomatic hypoglycemia. Total insulin dose required to achieve target blood glucose control was lower on LIS/GLAR (1.16 IU/kg) compared with R/NPH therapy (1.26 IU/kg, P < 0.005), but there was no significant difference in HbA(1c) levels (LIS/GLAR versus R/NPH: 8.7 vs. 9.1%, P = 0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy with insulin glargine plus lispro reduced the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia and was at least as effective as R/NPH insulin therapy in maintaining glycemic control in adolescents on multiple injection regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Nuala P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Ken K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ford-Adams
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: Carlo L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Acerini
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting