title: Soy-enhanced lunch acceptance by preschoolers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate acceptance of soy-enhanced compared with traditional menus by preschool children. Soy-enhanced foods were substituted on a traditional cycle menu, and the amount eaten, energy, and nutrient values for traditional and soy-enhanced lunches were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  A traditional three-week cycle menu, using the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) meal pattern guidelines, was used to develop a comparable soy-enhanced menu. Traditional and soy-enhanced lunches were randomly assigned to respective days. Foods were portioned onto individual plates using standardized measuring utensils. Individual plate waste techniques were used to collect food waste. Subjects/setting Participants were preschool children, three to six years of age and of white and Hispanic origin, attending a part-day Head Start program. Statistical analyses performed Analysis of covariance was used to adjust lunch and food intakes for differences in average amounts of foods served. The Nutrient Data System was used to calculate energy and nutrient content of lunches. Analysis of variance was used to calculate differences in amounts eaten, energy values, and nutrient values of traditional and soy-enhanced lunches and foods. Data analyses were performed with the Statistical Analysis Software (version 8.0, 1999, SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soy-enhanced foods were successfully substituted for 23 traditional foods included in the cycle menus. Soy-enhanced foods tended to be higher in energy, protein, and iron. Traditional lunches tended to be higher in fat, saturated fat, and vitamin A. Consumption was significantly less for energy, protein, fiber, and iron from foods eaten from traditional compared with soy-enhanced lunch menus. Applications/conclusions Acceptance of soy-enhanced lunches was shown because there were no significant differences in the average amount eaten (grams per meal) between traditional and soy-enhanced lunches. Preschool programs can substitute soy-enhanced for traditional foods, which will add variety to the diet without sacrificing taste, energy, or nutrient value. The fat and energy content of the lunches was higher than recommended, and soy-enhanced foods were not always lower in fat. There is a need for the food industry and foodservice personnel to address the energy and fat content of all foods served in lunches to preschool children because a few extra calories added to the daily intakes can contribute to weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. jendres@siu.edu
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barter
authors.forename: Perseli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Theodora
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004045:Dietary Services / Q000592:standards; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D002149:Energy Intake; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005518:Food Preferences; D005522:Food Services / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013025:Glycine max; D013649:Taste; D014481:United States; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins