title: Perioperative erythropoietin administration in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: prospective randomized double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) administration on perioperative hemoglobin concentrations and on the number of blood transfusions in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Erythropoietin has been shown to improve the yield of autologously predonated blood and to reduce the subsequent requirements for homologous blood transfusions in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind placebo-controlled study, 31 cancer patients received subcutaneous r-HuEPO in a dose of 300 IU/kg body weight plus 100 mg iron intravenously (study group) and 32 patients received placebo medication and iron (control group). All patients received the medications daily for at least 7 days before and 7 days after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received erythropoietin received significantly fewer transfusions intraoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperatively, the study group had significantly higher hematocrit, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count values compared to the control group. The use of erythropoietin was also associated with a reduced number of postoperative complications and improved 1-year survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer and mild anemia benefit from perioperative erythropoietin administration in terms of stimulated erythropoiesis, reduction in the number of blood transfusions, and a favorable outcome.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosmadakis
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Messaris
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maris
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsaragakis
authors.forename: Emmanouel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leandros
authors.forename: Manoussos M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Konstadoulakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Androulakis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017701:Reticulocyte Count; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin