title: Monensin by fat interactions on trans fatty acids in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous fermentors fed corn or barley.
abstract: In previous studies, monensin (M) and unsaturated plant oils independently increased trans fatty acid concentrations in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. This study was conducted to determine if combining M with plant oil yielded interactions on trans fatty acid concentrations in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms or their effects were additive. Four continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of dry feed per day (divided equally between two feedings), consisting of alfalfa hay pellets (30% of DM) and either a high corn (HC) or a high barley (BB) concentrate (70% of DM) in each of two fermentors. Within each grain type, one fermentor was supplemented with M (25 ppm), and the other fermentor was supplemented with 5% soybean oil (SBO) during d 5 to 8. Monensin and SBO were added together in all fermentors during d 9 to 12. Samples were taken at 2 h after the morning feeding on the last day of each period and analyzed for fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. A second run of the fermentors followed the same treatment sequence to give additional replication. Average pH across all treatments was 6.15, which was reduced by M but not affected by SBO. Monensin reduced the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P), which averaged 2.03 across all treatments; fat decreased A:P in cultures not receiving M but increased it in the presence of M. Monensin and SBO altered the concentration of several trans fatty acids, but the only interaction was a grain x M x SBO interaction for trans-10 C18:1. The increase in trans-10 C18:1 by the M and SBO combination exceeded the sum of increases in trans-10 C18:1 for each individual feed additive, but only for KB. For the HC diet, M increased trans-10 C18:1 more than fat alone and more than the M and SBO combination. The results of this study show that M and SBO effects are additive for all trans FA except for trans-10 C18:1. In the case of trans-10 C18:1, M and SBO interacted to give higher trans-10 C18:1 concentrations in ruminal contents than would be expected simply by adding their individual effects, but only for HB. Because some trans fatty acid isomers have been associated with milk fat depression in dairy cows, these results suggest more severe depressions in milk fat content when cows are fed M along with unsaturated plant oils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. tjnkns@Clemson.edu
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fellner
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: McGuffey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D002417:Cattle; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D001467:Hordeum; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008985:Monensin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008985:Monensin