title: Structural analysis and sheep pituitary receptor binding of GnRH and its complexes with metal ions.
abstract: Binding of GnRH and its metal complexes to a sheep pituitary receptor have been investigated showing that Cu(II)-GnRH complex is more effectively bound to the receptor than the metal-free ligand, while Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes are less effective than the metal-free GnRH. Earlier studies have explained reasonably well the complex formation with cupric ion, while in this work extensive 1H NMR measurements have been performed for free gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its complexes with Ni(II) in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) solution. This study shows the high order of organization of the metal-free peptide in DMSO solution with two structured 'domains' whose relative orientation is modulated by the mobility of the central glycine. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were performed for the Ni(II)-GnRH complex. The data obtained in this work supports previous studies on the co-ordination of Ni(II) ions with GnRH in aqueous solutions at high pH [J. Inorg. Biochem. 33 (1988) 11] and suggest an experimental procedure to reproduce high pH in DMSO solution. In the Ni(II) complex, the metal ion was found to co-ordinate with four nitrogen atoms inducing a well definite arrangement of aromatic side-chains and a rigid backbone structure.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Centro NMR, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Amelio
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaggelli
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kochman
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kochman
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Zdzislaw
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Latajka
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mlynarz
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panek
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valensin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone