title: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) partner, raptor, binds the mTOR substrates p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 through their TOR signaling (TOS) motif.
abstract: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls multiple cellular functions in response to amino acids and growth factors, in part by regulating the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Raptor (regulatory associated protein of mTOR) is a recently identified mTOR binding partner that also binds p70S6k and 4E-BP1 and is essential for TOR signaling in vivo. Herein we demonstrate that raptor binds to p70S6k and 4E-BP1 through their respective TOS (conserved TOR signaling) motifs to be required for amino acid- and mTOR-dependent regulation of these mTOR substrates in vivo. A point mutation of the TOS motif also eliminates all in vitro mTOR-catalyzed 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and abolishes the raptor-dependent component of mTOR-catalyzed p70S6k phosphorylation in vitro. Raptor appears to serve as an mTOR scaffold protein, the binding of which to the TOS motif of mTOR substrates is necessary for effective mTOR-catalyzed phosphorylation in vivo and perhaps for conferring their sensitivity to rapamycin and amino acid sufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.forename: Sujuti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hidayat
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avruch
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076223:Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011506:Proteins; C463659:RPTOR protein, human; D000076223:Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases