title: Highly-oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus of Indonesia and their nitric oxide inhibitory activity.
abstract: From the methanolic extract of Indonesian Orthosiphon stamineus, nine new highly-oxygenated isopimarane-type diterpenes [7-O-deacetylorthosiphol B (1), 6-hydroxyorthosiphol B (2), 3-O-deacetylorthosiphol I (3), 2-O-deacetylorthosiphol J (4), siphonols A-E (5-9)] have been isolated together with nine known diterpenes [orthosiphols H (10), K (11), M (12) and N (13); staminols A (14) and B (15); neoorthosiphols A (16) and B (17); norstaminol A (18)]. Their structures were determined based on the spectroscopic data. The isolated diterpenes inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Compounds 4-7, 9, 10, 14, and 17 showed inhibitory activities more potent (IC(50), 10.8-25.5 microM) than a positive control N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; IC(50), 26.0 microM).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awale
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Arjun H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Banskota
authors.forename: I Ketut
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Adnyana
authors.forename: Shigetoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007214:Indonesia; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D031342:Orthosiphon; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D004224:Diterpenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; C115138:isopimaric acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010100:Oxygen