title: Global expression profiling of sulfur-starved Arabidopsis by DNA macroarray reveals the role of O-acetyl-l-serine as a general regulator of gene expression in response to sulfur nutrition.
abstract: To investigate the changes in profiles of mRNA accumulation in response to sulfur deficiency, approximately 13 000 non-redundant Arabidopsis thaliana ESTs corresponding to approximately 9000 genes were analyzed using DNA macroarray. Three-week-old Arabidopsis plants grown on an agarose-solidified control medium were transferred to a sulfate-free medium and grown for 48 h for the analyses of sulfur-related metabolites and global gene expression profiles. Concentrations of sulfate, O-acetyl-l-serine (OAS), a positive regulator of sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, cysteine and glutathione (GSH) were determined. Plants transferred to sulfate-free media had reduced concentrations of sulfate and GSH, and OAS concentrations increased. Macroarray analysis revealed a number of genes, including APR2 and Sultr1;2, whose mRNA accumulation was increased by sulfur deficiency. Profiling was also carried out with plants treated with OAS under sulfate-sufficient condition. Scatter plot analysis revealed a positive correlation between the changes of expression levels by sulfur deficiency and by OAS treatment among the clones tested, suggesting that mRNA accumulation of a number of genes under sulfur deficiency is mainly controlled by OAS concentrations in tissues. It was also revealed that the sets of genes regulated under sulfur deficiency in leaves and roots differ considerably.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami Yokota
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awazuhara
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noji
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D013455:Sulfur / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D013431:Sulfates; C455459:Sultr1;1 protein, Arabidopsis; D012694:Serine; D013455:Sulfur; C043943:O-acetylserine; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine