[Recovery from exercise in trained smokers].
OBJECTIVE
Assess the influence of tobacco on recovery after exercise in sportsmen.


METHODS
Sixty-three smokers aged 18-33 years, practising soccer, participated in this study. These subjects belonged to second division congolese league clubs. Heart rate (HR) was studied during recovery of moderate exercise (Ruffer's test), but also recovery index and arterial pressure. Kinetics of the HR was studied for 7 min for recovery. A control group consisted of 50 non smokers, practising soccer at similar level.


RESULTS
Smokers showed heart rate values significantly higher (P < 0.001). Non smokers presented a low recovery index. The recovery has generally two components: the first is slow in smokers, while the second is a fast one. However, recovery rate for the smokers was more rapid during the alactic phase. There exists also differences with regards to smoking tobacco dependence: when compared to great smokers, lower smokers exhibited a faster first phase and a slower second phase. These differences were significant.


CONCLUSIONS
The smokers and non smokers differences are discussed with reference to the effects of nicotinemia and carbon monoxide on sympathetic-parasympathetic balance. Cardiovascular changes during exercise have a twofold control: decrease a vagal tone and increase of sympathetic activity. The comparison of smokers and non smokers concerning recovery led to suppose that there exists a difference in regards of the catecholaminergic sensitivity. The problem of thermoregulation must not be neglected during recovery. As smokers are considered, cutaneous thermolysis is perhaps important when these subjects perform exercise in ambient hot air. Here against, it is known that thermolysis mechanisms are not similar in smokers and non smokers. In conclusion, this study showed that smoking tobacco induce a lower physical condition in sportmen. Recovery rate after exercise may function as a predictor of fitness in smokers.
Packa Tchissambou
B
B
Laboratoire de physiologie de l'effort et de biomécanique, institut supérieur des sciences de l'éducation physique et du sport, université Marien-Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo.
Massamba
A
A
Mabiala Babela
J R
JR
Oniangue
R
R
Bahanguila
B A
BA
Gnama Mankoti
G
G
Nkoua
J L
JL
Messanvi
G
G
Senga
P
P
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003196:Computer Graphics; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires