title: Protocol for laboratory testing of crude-oil bioremediation products in freshwater conditions.
abstract: In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (EPA, NRMRL), with the National Environmental Technology Application Center (NETAC), developed a protocol for evaluation of bioremediation products in marine environments [18]. The marine protocol was adapted for application in freshwater environments by using a chemically defined medium and an oil-degrading consortium as a positive control. Four products were tested using the modified protocol: two with nutrients and an oleophilic component; one with nutrients, sorbent, and organisms; and one microbial stimulant. A separate experiment evaluated the use of HEPES and MOPSO buffers as replacements for phosphate buffer. The oleophilic nutrient products yielded oil degradation similar to the positive control, with an average alkane removal of 97.1+/-2.3% and an aromatic hydrocarbon removal of 64.8+/-1.2%. The positive control, which received inoculum plus nutrients, demonstrated alkane degradation of 98.9+/-0.1% and aromatic degradation of 52.9+/-0.1%. The sorbent-based product with inoculum failed to demonstrate oil degradation, while the microbial stimulant showed less oil degradation than the positive control. Replacement of phosphate buffer with other buffers had no significant effect on one product's performance. Differences in product performance were easily distinguishable using the protocol, and performance targets for alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation are suggested.
authors.affiliation: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA. haines.john@epa.gov
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koran
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Venosa
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002021:Buffers; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical