title: Glioma tumourgenicity is decreased by iNOS knockout: experimental studies using the C6 striatal implantation glioma model.
abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has recently been shown to be an important pathophysiological regulator in experimental implantation glioma since manipulation of NOS can significantly alter tumoural blood flow and inhibit tumour growth. In this study we investigated the role of iNOS (inducible NOS) in glioma tumourogenisis using the rodent C6 striatal implantation model. We produced genetically engineered C6 clones that do not express iNOS activity even after stimulation with a mixture of lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. These iNOS knockout cells showed a similar growth rate to control cells in vivo at 5 days. We then performed an in vivo implantation glioma study using either the iNOS knockout clone or two genetically engineered control C6 clones. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of tumour mass with the iNOS knockout clone 28 days after the implantation. Immunocytochemistry indicated infiltrates of CD3 positive T cells and macrophages in the controls and the iNOS knockout group. These studies indicate that iNOS expression by tumour parenchymal cells is a critical factor for tumour growth with this model. The mechanisms that cause failure of tumour growth need clarification prior to considering that specific iNOS inhibitors might be candidates for adjuvant treatment of malignant glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Whittle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002455:Cell Division; D005910:Glioma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat