title: Paroxetine as a 5-HT neuroendocrine probe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute administration of 40 mg paroxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) reportedly increases plasma cortisol in human subjects. This suggests that paroxetine may be a useful tool to probe brain serotonin function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a dose-response relationship for paroxetine administration, and to determine whether a lower dose of paroxetine is sufficient to increase plasma ACTH and cortisol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty subjects were tested on three occasions in a double-blind, cross-over design receiving: (a) placebo, (b) paroxetine 20 mg and (c) paroxetine 40 mg administered orally at 8.00 a.m. In addition, five of the 20 subjects received paroxetine 20 mg plus cyproheptadine (a 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist) 4 mg and four subjects were given paroxetine 40 mg plus cyproheptadine 4 mg in an open manner. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were measured prior to administration and every hour for 6 h thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paroxetine, particularly 20 mg rather than 40 mg, significantly increased plasma ACTH and cortisol. Paroxetine 40 mg but not 20 mg caused significantly more nausea than the placebo. Cyproheptadine attenuated ACTH and cortisol responses to 20 mg but not to 40 mg paroxetine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose (20 mg) paroxetine has greater potential utility than larger doses as a neuroendocrine challenge test. The endocrine responses to paroxetine are probably mediated at least partially by 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807--8555, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwakawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003533:Cyproheptadine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003533:Cyproheptadine; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D017374:Paroxetine; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors