title: Infanticide and cannibalism in wild common marmosets.
abstract: Infanticide has been observed in many different species [1], including common marmosets [2-4], due to sexual selection, reproductive strategies or resource competition [3, 5, 6], which may ultimately lead to exploitation (cannibalism) [1, 7]. Wild callithrichids have a very flexible mating system, including monogamy, polygynandry, polyandry and polygyny [4, 8, 9], with Monteiro da Cruz [10] finding all these patterns within the same population. This results from the high degree of deforestation of their habitat [4], but non-monogamous groups cannot ensure successful rearing of infants, since helpers are crucial and should be present in high numbers [11]. In this study, we show for the first time that cannibalism can follow infanticide, and we hypothesise that it is a result of both competition for scarce resources and the need for animal protein, exacerbated by forest degradation.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mendes Pontes
authors.forename: M A O
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Monteiro da Cruz
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002144:Callithrix / Q000502:physiology*; D002190:Cannibalism; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction