title: Immunohistochemically detected micrometastasis in lymph nodes from superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine the incidence and clarify the patterns of nodal micrometastasis, to elucidate the histopathologic parameters of tumor extension correlating with micrometastasis, and to evaluate whether nodal micrometastasis has clinical significance in patients with superficial esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymph nodes resected from 78 patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3 to define histologically undetectable micrometastasis. Clinical records and pathologic features of all cases were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 78 patients, 34 had neither micro- nor overt disease in the lymph nodes, 12 had nodal micrometastasis only, and 32 had histologically overt metastasis. Nodal micrometastasis was found in carcinomas reaching the muscularis mucosae or deeper tissues of the esophagus. Multivariate analysis showed that intraesophageal multicentric cancer and venous invasion had significant correlation with nodal micrometastasis (P = 0.005 and 0.017, respectively). However, no clinical impact of nodal micrometastasis could be detected regarding patient outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nodal micrometastasis is not rare in patients with superficial esophageal cancer, but it does not appear to have clinical significance in these patients. Nodal micrometastasis correlates with intraesophageal multicentric cancer and venous invasion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. tadashi@giga.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimaki
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ajioka
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akazawa
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komukai
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal