title: Keynote Address: The Time of Pioneers.
abstract: This article, dedicated to the memory of the late professor Raimond Castaing, will evoke the birth and the first developments of electron probe microanalysis in France.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Métallurgie Structurale, BAT. 410, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Philibert