title: Is axillary lymph node dissection necessary in elderly patients with breast carcinoma who have a clinically uninvolved axilla?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary dissection in elderly patients with early-stage breast carcinoma who do not have palpable axillary lymph nodes is controversial because of the associated morbidity of the surgery, reduced life expectancy of the patients, and efficacy of hormone therapy in preventing recurrences and axillary events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 671 consecutive patients with breast carcinoma who were age >or= 70 years and who underwent conservative breast surgery with axillary dissection (172 patients) or without axillary dissection (499 patients). Tamoxifen always was given. The effects of axillary dissection compared with no axillary dissection on breast carcinoma mortality and distant metastasis were analyzed using multiple proportional-hazards regression models. Because the assignment to axillary treatment was nonrandom, covariate adjustments were made for baseline variables that influenced the decision to perform axillary dissection and for prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude cumulative incidence curves for breast carcinoma mortality and distant metastasis did not appear to differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.530 and P = 0.840, respectively). The crude cumulative incidences of axillary lymph node occurrence at 5 years and 10 years were 4.4% and 5.9%, respectively (3.1% and 4.1%, respectively, for patients with pT1 tumors).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with breast carcinoma who have no evidence of axillary lymph node involvement may be treated effectively with conservative surgery and tamoxifen. Immediate axillary dissection is not necessary but should be performed in the small percentage of patients who later develop overt axillary lymph node involvement.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diagnostic Oncology and Outpatient Clinic, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. gabriele.martelli@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Palo
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coradini
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zucali
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marubini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D013629:Tamoxifen