title: Normative data on cognitive measures of depression.
abstract: The assessment of cognition and cognitive change is important for case conceptualization, monitoring the efficacy of specific interventions, and evaluating treatment outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Unfortunately, a paucity of normative data exists on cognitive measures used for psychotherapy outcome research in depression, and little information is available to guide a practitioner's understanding of the magnitude and clinical significance of a patient's cognitive change. This article presents normative data on 6 self-report instruments that assess negative and positive automatic thoughts, hopelessness, cognitive biases and errors, and dysfunctional attitudes. Normative data were derived from studies published from the date of inception of a given cognitive index to the year 2000. Recommendations for the use of these normative data are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. ddozois@uwo.ca
authors.forename: David J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dozois
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Covin
authors.forename: Jay K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Brinker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003071:Cognition; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires