title: Comprehensive deep venous thrombosis prevention strategy after total-knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venous thromboembolism after total-knee arthroplasty represents a common early postoperative complication resulting in significant morbidity. Despite this, the optimal prophylactic regimen is controversial. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism has been cited as high as 35% in patients receiving pharmacologic prevention alone. We investigated the efficacy of a comprehensive prevention protocol encompassing the use of epidural anesthesia, aspirin, venous foot compression pumps, and early mobilization in a series of consecutive total-knee arthroplasties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 100 consecutive total-knee arthroplasty patients were enrolled into the prospective trial. All patients were allowed full weight bearing on the first postoperative day and ambulation as tolerated. Venous foot compression pumps and aspirin were used immediately after surgery in the totality of subjects. Seventy-five percent of the patients were transferred to an acute rehabilitation service during the first postoperative week. The presence of deep-vein thrombosis was subsequently determined with the routine use of venous duplex scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients (3%) demonstrated evidence of distal deep-vein thrombosis. No patient had symptomatic pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of epidural anesthesia, aspirin, immediate postoperative venous foot compression pumps, and early ambulation together seem to be a more effective approach to prevent the occurrence of thromboembolic events after knee replacements than pharmacologic prevention alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ragucci
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leali
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moroz
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fetto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001458:Bandages; D004434:Early Ambulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin