[Malignant hyperthermia].
Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal pharmacogenetic disease triggered by volatile anesthetics and/or succinylcholine. Dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis is the trigger of the acute crisis. Malignant hyperthermia crisis correspond to an hypermetabolic state, which occurred acutely and interesting skeletal muscular cell. Early manifestations grouped tachycardia, tachypnea, masseter spasm, mixed acidosis and raise of the end expiratory CO2 pressure. Hyperthermia is a late sign, rhabdomyolysis is a sign of the severity of the malignant hyperthermia. The successful treatment is based on an early diagnosis, immediately interruption of triggering agents, intravenous administration of Dantrolene in sufficient dosage and starting of adequate symptomatic treatment. Prevention of this complication is based on asking the patient about genetic predisposition to malignant hyperthermia. Confirmation of the susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia can be provided by in vitro contracture test with halothane or caffeine after muscle biopsy.
Bouhajja
Béchir
B
Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, CHU Mongi Slim.
Haddad
Fayçal
F
Ben Ammar
Mohamed Salah
MS
D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003620:Dantrolene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000009:adverse effects*
D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D003620:Dantrolene; D013390:Succinylcholine