title: Clinical features associated with recurrence of tumours of the spinal cord and cauda equina.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review of consecutive cases of recurrent spinal cord and cauda equina tumours.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify factors and conditions resulting in re-operation to treat recurrences of spinal cord and cauda equina tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Re-operation was performed in 39 patients with spinal cord and cauda equina tumours. Times of operation, interval between operations, affected spinal level, tumour site on cross section, configurations among dumb-bell tumours, and pathologic diagnoses were analysed. Recurrence rates were defined in terms of the number of cases with re-operation due to tumour recurrence relative to the total number of surgical cases for the same period at our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence rates were relatively high for intradural, extramedullary tumours and for tumours located anteriorly rather than laterally. Of patients with intradural, extramedullary plus extradural tumours who underwent initial surgery at our hospital, 75% (9/12) recurred; all tumours had dumb-bell-type configurations. The overall rate of re-operation due to tumour recurrence in 249 cases was 7.2% at our institution. By tumour types, 40% of malignant schwannomas recurred (2/5), as did 35.7% of neurofibromas (5/14), and 33.3% of ependymomas (6/18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for tumour recurrence were anterior location, an intradural, extramedullary plus extradural site, extensive dumb-bell tumours, and pathologic diagnoses of neurofibroma, ependymoma, or malignant schwannoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asazuma
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002420:Cauda Equina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery