The heritability of antinociception II: pharmacogenetic mediation of three over-the-counter analgesics in mice.
Chromosomal loci containing genes affecting antinociceptive sensitivity to morphine have been identified, but virtually nothing is known about the genetic mediation of sensitivity to over-the-counter analgesics. Such knowledge would be of great clinical interest, as prodigious interindividual variability has been noted in the efficacy of these ubiquitously used drugs. In the present study, we assessed heritability and genetic correlations among three over-the-counter analgesics in mice of 12 inbred mouse strains on the 0.9% acetic acid (i.p.) writhing test. Analgesics included the centrally acting analgesic, acetaminophen (150 mg/kg, s.c.), and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin (40 mg/kg, s.c.) and lysine-acetylsalicylic acid (800 mg/kg, s.c.). Significant strain differences in sensitivity to each of the drugs were observed, with narrow-sense heritability estimates ranging from 23 to 45%. Similar strains were sensitive and resistant, respectively, to the two NSAIDs (r(s) = 0.64). In contrast, a completely different pattern of sensitivities was observed for acetaminophen, implying genetic dissociation (r(s) = 0.29 and 0.02) compared with the NSAIDs. Additional experiments were performed on two strains, C57BL/6 and DBA/2, with extreme sensitivities to acetaminophen. Plasma acetaminophen levels in these strains were not significantly different during the time of antinociception assessment, suggesting the existence of genetic factors affecting acetaminophen pharmacodynamics rather than pharmacokinetics.
Wilson
Sonya G
SG
Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
Bryant
Camron D
CD
Lariviere
William R
WR
Olsen
Michael S
MS
Giles
Belinda E
BE
Chesler
Elissa J
EJ
Mogil
Jeffrey S
JS
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019342:Acetic Acid; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008239:Lysine; D019342:Acetic Acid; D001241:Aspirin; C010395:acetylsalicylic acid lysinate; D007213:Indomethacin