title: Leukoplakia and intraoral malignancies: female cases increase in Greece.
abstract: In the developed world, intraoral malignancies are more frequent in males than females. Recent observations from Greece suggest that the number of females is increasing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigates gender and age statistics among subjects with cancers of the mouth or leukoplakia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and twelve subjects of Greek origin participated in this analysis. Chi-square and logistic regression statistics were used to compare if there are differences in participants' gender and age, stratified by histological type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epithelial cancers and leukoplakia exhibited equal distributions among men and women. Men were diagnosed at a much younger age than women. Our data also indicates a progression in the process of epithelial cancer development, as benign leukoplakia was diagnosed 2-4 years earlier than epithelial dysplasia and 8 years earlier than squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). The same age difference was observed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, although the male to female ratio was 3:1. In regards to anatomy, 47% of SSC appeared in the tongue. The most prevalent site for the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the gingival (50%), followed by the palate (40%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although oral cancer occurs earlier in men than women, the risk of females tends to be similar to that of males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Policy & Epidemiology, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. thanos_zavras@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Zavras
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laskaris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kittas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laskaris
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors