title: Atriobiventricular pacing improves exercise capacity in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the efficacy of biventricular pacing with respect to both peak and submaximal measures of exercise in patients with New York Heart Association class III heart failure (HF) and intraventricular conduction delay in a randomized, blinded study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Submaximal and maximal changes in exercise capacity need evaluating in this patient population with this novel therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graded exercise and 6-min walk tests were performed in patients randomized to three months each of active (atrio-biventricular) and inactive pacing. Minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO(2)), ventilated carbon dioxide (VCO(2)) and heart rate were measured in patients achieving a respiratory quotient >1 (n = 30). Oxygen pulse, anaerobic threshold (AT) and ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO(2)) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active biventricular pacing increased peak VO(2) (15.8 +/- 4.3 vs. 14.4 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min, p = 0.02), exercise time (501 +/- 223 s vs. 437 +/- 233 s, p < 0.001) and oxygen pulse (9.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 8.1 +/- 3.1 ml/beat, p < 0.01) compared with inactive pacing. The submaximal measures of exercise capacity significantly increased with active pacing: AT (11.2 +/- 4.1 ml/kg/min vs. 9.5 +/- 2.3 ml/kg/min, p = 0.02) and 6-min walk (414 +/- 94 m vs. 359 +/- 94 m, p = 0.001). Minute ventilation/ventilated carbon dioxide improved (32 +/- 9 vs. 36 +/- 11, p = 0.03) with normalization of the VE/VCO(2) slope in 59% of patients (chi-square test, p = 0.002) with active pacing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biventricular pacing may improve maximal and submaximal exercise capacity in patients with advanced HF and intraventricular conduction delay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firoozi
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Daubert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors