title: Possible biomarkers for ionizing radiation exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Biomarkers to indicate past exposure to radiation have not been entirely satisfactory. Using cDNA microarray hybridization to find new potential biomarkers, we identified highly expressed genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) after irradiation 1 Gy ex vivo. The present set of radiation markers in PBLs was identified 12 h after radiation. A total of 44 genes were identified. However, when RT-PCR was performed with mRNA from the PBLs of five individuals, only four genes, including TRAIL receptor 2, DRAL (now known as FHL2), cyclin G, and cyclin protein gene, showed greater than 50% agreement between gene induction as detected by microarray analysis and by RT-PCR. When more than 32 donors were tested for the above four genes, greater than 85% agreement was obtained between gene induction measured by microarray analysis and by RT-PCR. There was a linear dose-response relationship between 0.5 and 4 Gy 12 h after irradiation; however, there was less linearity at later times. These results suggested that the relative expression levels of genes such as TRAIL receptor 2, FHL2, cyclin G, and cyclin protein gene in PBLs may provide estimates of radiation exposures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-706, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyoung-Phil
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Doo-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Jeoung
authors.forename: Chul-Koo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Su-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D056746:Cyclin G; D056766:Cyclin G1; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C534702:CCNG1 protein, human; D056746:Cyclin G; D056766:Cyclin G1; D016213:Cyclins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C105987:FHL2 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors