title: Regulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and/or steroids given in vivo of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by bronchoalveolar macrophages in response to Aspergillus conidia.
abstract: Production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and of the chemotactic chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha by bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAMs) from mice in response to Aspergillus conidia was tested after in vivo administration of saline, dexamethasone, cortisone acetate, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or a combination. Dexamethasone suppressed production of IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1 alpha; GM-CSF reduced secretion slightly but antagonized dexamethasone suppression when the two were given in combination. Cortisone acetate gave results similar to dexamethasone, but cortisone acetate suppression of BAM responses lasted 7 days, > or = 4 days longer than dexamethasone suppression. The effect of GM-CSF on cortisone acetate suppression lasted at least 7 days. GM-CSF could promote resistance to conidia by maintaining proinflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California 95128-2669, USA. stevens@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Elmer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brummer
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamberi
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D003348:Cortisone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003907:Dexamethasone; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003348:Cortisone