title: HIV type 1 subtypes among bar and hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania.
abstract: The HIV-1 prevalence among bar and hotel workers in Tanzania suggests they are a high-risk group for HIV-1 infection. We determined the HIV-1 subtype of 3'-p24/5'-p7 gag and C2-C5 env sequences from 40 individuals representing this population in Moshi. Genetic patterns composed of A(gag)-A(env), C(gag)-C(env), and D(gag)-D(env) were found in 19 (48.0%), 8 (20.0%), and 3 (8.0%) samples, respectively. The remaining 10 samples (25%) had different subtypes in gag and env, indicative of intersubtype recombinants. Among these recombinants, two contained sequences from HIV-1 subsubtype A2, a new genetic variant in Tanzania. Five bar and hotel workers may have been infected with viruses from a common source, based on phylogenetic analysis. The information obtained by surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes in a high-risk population should be useful in the design and evaluation of behavioral, therapeutic, and vaccine trial interventions aimed at reducing HIV-1 transmission.
authors.affiliation: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Ireen E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kiwelu
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renjifo
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: Watoky M M M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nkya
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Saidi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essex
mesh_terms: D015752:Genes, env; D015750:Genes, gag; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012147:Restaurants; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments