title: Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin rapidly decreases membrane barrier permeability of polarized MDCK cells.
abstract: Epsilon toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D which are responsible for fatal intestinal diseases in animals. The main biological activity of epsilon toxin is the production of oedema in various organs. We have previously found that epsilon toxin forms a large membrane complex in MDCK cells which is not internalized into cell, and induces cell volume enlargement and loss of cell viability (Petit, L., Gibert, M., Gillet, D., Laurent-Winter, C., Boquet, P., Popoff, M. R. (1997) J Bacteriol 179, 6480-6487). Here, we show that epsilon toxin is very potent to decrease the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of polarized MDCK cells grown on filters without altering the organization of the junctional complexes. The dose-dependent decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance, more marked when the toxin was applied to the apical side than to the basal side of MDCK cells, was associated with a moderate increase of the paracellular permeability to low-molecular-weight compounds but not to macromolecules. Epsilon toxin probably acts by forming large membrane pores which permit the flux of ions and other molecules such as the entry of propidium iodide and finally to the loss of cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Maryse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibert
authors.forename: Abdelkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gourch
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bens
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vandewalle
authors.forename: Michel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Popoff
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D002452:Cell Count; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011419:Propidium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C039811:Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C064270:hemolytic toxin, Clostridium septicum; D011419:Propidium