title: Organohalogens and metals in marine fish and mussels and some relationships to biological variables at reference localities in Norway.
abstract: The main goals of this study were to define, for the Norwegian coast, "high background" levels of micropollutants routinely monitored within the the Oslo and Paris Commission Joint Assessment and Monitoring Programme, and to reassess the present Norwegian reference levels used as the basis for a classification of environmental quality. The indicator organisms analysed as bulked/individual samples were cod (Gadus morhua, n approximately 1170; n approximately 240 for organochlorines), dab (Limanda limanda, n approximately 75), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa, n approximately 55) lemon sole (Microstomus kitt, n approximately 13). and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis, n approximately 200) collected between 1991-2000. Based on the 90-95 percentiles of measurements at localities far from point sources, we propose for liver of cod a reference level for SigmaPCB(7) (CBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) of 500 microg kg(-1) w.w. and further for DDE 200 microg kg(-1), SigmaHCHs 30 microg kg(-1), HCB 20 and OCS 5 microgkg(-1) w.w. In the same order the proposed reference levels for liver of dab are: 150, 60, 15, 5, and 2 microgkg(-1) w.w.; and for the soft body of mussels: 3, 1, 1, 0.1 and 0.1 microg kg(-1) wet weight. Reference levels of metals are 0.1 mgHg kg(-1) w.w. in fish fillet, and for Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu in mussels 0.2, 2, 3, 200 and 10 mg kg(-1) d.w., respectively. Hg in fillet of cod and dab were positively correlated with length and weight. PCB levels in liver of cod and dab showed a positive but weak correlation with length, whereas no co-variation was found between PCBs and liver fat. The results of introductory recordings of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans, polychlorinated naphtalenes, Toxaphene and brominated flame retardants in liver of cod from reference sites are also presented.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), P.O. Box 173 Kjelsås, N-0411 Oslo, Norway. norman.green@niva.no
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knutzen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009664:Norway; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D014873:Water Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls