title: Visual and electrical evoked response recorded from subdural electrodes implanted above the visual cortex in normal dogs under two methods of anesthesia.
abstract: Sensitive methods are required to record electrical evoked potentials over the visual cortex to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a retinal prosthesis before it can be implanted on the retinal surface of patients afflicted by outer retinal diseases. This study was designed to examine subdural electrodes as a mean to evaluate cortical evoked potentials in response to light and electrical stimulation of the retina in three dogs under two methods of anesthesia-halothane and propofol. Results showed that subdural electrodes could be stabilized over the visual cortex for several (3-5) months, and that they were 6.95 times more sensitive than subdermal electrodes in recording cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and 4.31 times more sensitive in recording cortical electrical evoked potentials under both methods of anesthesia. The waveforms' shape changed for each electrode in the subdural array during 6/6 (100%) and 20/38 (52%) multi-channel recording sessions under halothane and propofol, respectively. This change could point to a cortical retinotopic organization versus hierarchical organization of different cortical areas for a given retinal stimulus. In summary, subdural electrodes show promising results for recording visual and electrical evoked responses (EERs) and thus for evaluation of the retinal prosthesis.
authors.affiliation: The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Margalit
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clatterbuck
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tameesh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: D'Anna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Piyathaisere
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006221:Halothane; D015742:Propofol