title: Structural analysis of the activation of ribavirin analogs by NDP kinase: comparison with other ribavirin targets.
abstract: Ribavirin used in therapies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is potentially efficient against other viruses but presents a high cytotoxicity. Several ribavirin triphosphate analogs modified on the ribose moiety were synthesized and tested in vitro on the RNA polymerases of HCV, phage T7, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Modified nucleotides with 2'-deoxy, 3'-deoxy, 2',3'-dideoxy, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-dehydro, and 2',3'-epoxy-ribose inhibited the HCV enzyme but not the other two polymerases. They were also analyzed as substrates for nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase, the enzyme responsible for the last step of the cellular activation of antiviral nucleoside analogs. An X-ray structure of NDP kinase complexed with ribavirin triphosphate was determined. It demonstrates that the analog binds as a normal substrate despite the modified base and confirms the crucial role of the 3'-hydroxyl group in the phosphorylation reaction. The 3'-hydroxyl is required for inhibition of the initiation step of RNA synthesis by HCV polymerase, and both sugar hydroxyls must be present to inhibit elongation. The 2'deoxyribavirin is the only derivative efficient in vitro against HCV polymerase and properly activated by NDP kinase.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation Enzymatique des Activités Cellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2364, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallois-Montbrun
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dutartre
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sophys
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morera
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerreiro
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mulard
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janin
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veron
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deville-Bonne
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Canard
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D009711:Nucleotides; D012254:Ribavirin; C037827:ribavirin 5'-triphosphate; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases