title: Oncostatin M, an interleukin-6 family cytokine, upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 through the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in cultured smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of atherosclerotic lesions. Oncostatin M (OSM) regulates ECM metabolism in various kinds of cells. Thus, we sought to investigate whether OSM regulates MMP-9 expression in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and, if so, to determine the signaling pathway for MMP-9 induction by OSM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that OSM upregulated MMP-9 mRNA expression, peaking at 4 hours and returning to unstimulated levels by 24 hours. Gelatin zymography revealed that MMP-9 activity was increased in the conditioned medium after the 24-hour OSM treatment. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that OSM transiently induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylations with a peak at 15 and 5 minutes, respectively. A MEK1 inhibitor, PD98059, not only blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation but also abolished the OSM-induced MMP-9 upregulation, whereas the MMP-9 induction was not affected by overexpressing dominant-negative STAT3. In addition, OSM slightly upregulated MMP-2 and downregulated tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 and -3 through different mechanisms from that in case of MMP-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSM upregulates MMP-9 expression in SMCs through the MEK-ERK but not STAT3 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute and Internal Medicine III, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Mitsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C508352:Osm protein, mouse; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D015534:Trans-Activators; D053683:Oncostatin M; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9