Covalent coupling of reduced glutathione with ribose: loss of cosubstrate ability to glutathione peroxidase.
Glycation (nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins) is known to be increased as a result of hyperglycaemia in diabetes. Moreover, cell glutathione concentration has been found to be lower in diabetics and such depletion may impair the cell defence against toxic radical species. Ribose being a potent reducing sugar expected to be increased in cells of diabetics where the pentose phosphate pathway is enhanced, its putative condensation with glutathione was investigated. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was incubated with ribose and the structure of the resultant product was assessed by mass spectrometry, as well as the measurement of its remaining thiol group. A covalent reaction clearly occurred between the reducing sugar and GSH, to give an adduct named N-ribosyl-1-glutathione. This adduct appears to be the Amadori product resulting from the condensation of the primary amine group of GSH with the aldehyde group of ribose. Interestingly, the adduct could not be used as a proper substrate by glutathione peroxidase although it keeps its thiol group. We conclude that the coupling of GSH with a monosaccharide such as ribose might contribute to the decreased cell GSH and glutathione peroxidase activity observed in diabetics.
Januel
Caroline
C
INSERM U 352, Biochimie et Pharmacologie, INSA-Lyon, Bât. Louis Pasteur, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Fay
Laurent B
LB
Ruggiero
Daniel
D
Lagarde
Michel
M
Véricel
Evelyne
E
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012266:Ribose / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
D012266:Ribose; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione