title: Clinical course correlates poorly with muscle pathology in nemaline myopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report pathologic findings in 124 Australian and North American cases of primary nemaline myopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of 164 muscle biopsies from 124 Australian and North American patients with primary nemaline myopathy were reviewed, including biopsies from 19 patients with nemaline myopathy due to alpha-actin (ACTA1) mutations and three with mutations in alpha-tropomyosin(SLOW) (TPM3). For each biopsy rod number per fiber, percentage of fibers with rods, fiber-type distribution of rods, and presence or absence of intranuclear rods were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rods were present in all skeletal muscles and diagnosis was possible at all ages. Most biopsies contained nemaline bodies in more than 50% of fibers, although rods were seen only on electron microscopy in 10 patients. Rod numbers and localization correlated poorly with clinical severity. Frequent findings included internal nuclei and increased fiber size variation, type 1 fiber predominance and atrophy, and altered expression of fiber type specific proteins. Marked sarcomeric disruption, increased glycogen deposition, and intranuclear rods were associated with more severe clinical phenotypes. Serial biopsies showed progressive fiber size variation and increasing numbers of rods with time. Pathologic findings varied widely in families with multiple affected members.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very numerous nemaline bodies, glycogen accumulation, and marked sarcomeric disruption were common in nemaline myopathy associated with mutations in skeletal alpha-actin. Nemaline myopathy due to mutations in alpha-tropomyosin(SLOW) was characterized by preferential rod formation in, and atrophy of, type 1 fibers. Light microscopic features of nemaline myopathy correlate poorly with disease course. Electron microscopy may correlate better with disease severity and genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Genetics Division, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ilkovski
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Strickland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanoudou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Midgett
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muirhead
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dennett
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Shield
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: De Girolami
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Iannaccone
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Beggs
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001706:Biopsy; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009154:Mutation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D017696:Myopathies, Nemaline / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D014335:Tropomyosin; D006003:Glycogen