title: NF-kappa B nuclear localization and its prognostic significance in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the subcellular localization of NF-kappa B (p65) in human prostate cancer tissues of different histological grades, and to test whether NF-kappa B localization alone, or combined with the histological grade, can be used to predict patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate cancer tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens; the histological grade was determined using the Gleason grading system. Clinical outcomes were defined as good (5-year disease-free survival with undetectable levels of prostate specific antigen) or poor (progression to bone metastases). The subcellular localization of NF-kappa B was visualized by immunohistochemistry using an anti-p65 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NF-kappa B subcellular localization was initially assessed in 45 specimens; in these samples a nuclear localization of NF-kappa B was specific to cancer tissues, but did not correlate with the Gleason score (P = 0.089). NF-kappa B was then assessed as a prognostic marker to complement Gleason score in predicting cancer progression. Tumour tissues from 30 men with a known clinical outcome were included; 10 of 17 patients who had a poor outcome were positive for NF-kappa B nuclear staining, whereas only two of 13 with a good outcome were positive (P = 0.026). When NF-kappa B subcellular localization and Gleason score were combined, two risk categories of progression were defined. Eleven of 13 specimens from those with a good outcome were in the low-risk category (Gleason 2-4 or Gleason 5-7 with negative nuclear NF-kappa B) and 12 of 17 in the poor outcome group were in the high-risk category (Gleason 8-10 or Gleason 5-7 with positive nuclear NF-kappa B; P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-kappa B is detectable in the nucleus in prostate cancer tissues and positivity can be used to help predict patient outcome. Multivariate analyses using other clinical and molecular variables are underway, and will validate the usefulness of NF-kappa B as a prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche, CHUM, Hopital Notre Dame, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lessard
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mes-Masson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamarre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lattouf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins