title: Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 1. Surface analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the surface composition of 34 different commercially available titanium dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface composition was evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples were divided into 4 groups, depending on their surface topography (machined, sandblasted, acid etched, or plasma sprayed).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of the data showed a clear relationship between surface composition and topography, which can be easily accounted for by the chemical effects of the surface treatment performed. On average, acid-etched and plasma-sprayed surfaces had higher titanium and lower carbon concentration than machined surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current studies aimed at the evaluation of implants with different topography should not implicitly assume that topography is the only variable controlling the biologic response. Rather, when comparing different topographies, it should be taken into account that surface chemistry may be a variable as well.
authors.affiliation: Nobil Bio Ricerche, Villafranca d'Asti, Italy. mmorra@tin.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morra
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassinelli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruzzone
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carpi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Santi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giardino
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000327:Adsorption; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008669:Metallurgy; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium