title: Graft expression of p38 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in heart transplantation in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and its relationship with myocardial apoptosis and tumor necrosis factor-alpha during acute cardiac allograft rejection and to study the effects of tacrolimus on the expression of the kinase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into 3 groups: isograft (Lewis heart to Lewis rat; control group), allograft (Brown Norway heart to Lewis rat), and tacrolimus-treated allograft (Brown Norway heart to tacrolimus-treated Lewis rat). Grafts were collected 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation for determination of histopathological features, apoptosis of cardiac cells (by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick labeling), number of cells positive for both p38 and CD8 (by laser scanning confocal imaging), and expression of the kinase (by Western immunoblotting) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with isografts from the control group, grafts from the untreated allograft group had significantly more apoptotic cells, greater expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and more CD8-p38 double-positive cells at 5 and 7 days (P < .05). The increases were prevented by treatment with tacrolimus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings that the number of apoptotic cells, the number of CD8-p38 double-positive cells, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase all increased during the same period in the allografts in nonimmunosuppressed recipients suggests that intragraft expression of p38 would be associated with the rejection in acute cardiac allograft rejection. Tacrolimus may alleviate rejection partly by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Aihong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Yushan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006085:Graft Survival; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016559:Tacrolimus