title: Secondary structure alterations in insulin and growth hormone water-in-oil emulsions.
abstract: Water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions have shown a promising release profile of small drug molecules and proteins. However, the major concerns are the structural stability, the retention of the activity and to avoid unwanted immunological reactions caused by the changes in protein structure. In the present study, the secondary structure of insulin and growth hormone is investigated after manufacture of w/o emulsions, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Initial investigations indicate an altered distribution in the secondary structure elements, e.g. alpha-helix and beta-sheet, measured by area overlap calculations. The changes are more pronounced for growth hormone than for insulin. The overlapping area is 0.93 +/- 0.01 for the emulsion containing insulin manufactured at 0 degrees C and homogenised for 3 min, the corresponding value for growth hormone is 0.83 +/- 0.01. The droplet size changes from 0.27 +/- 0.04 microm in the blank w/o emulsion to 0.79 +/- 0.13 and 0.66 +/- 0.21 microm when insulin or growth hormone is incorporated into the w/o emulsions, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. lej@dfh.dk
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vermehren
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Froekjaer
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008899:Mineral Oil; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007328:Insulin; D008899:Mineral Oil; D013006:Growth Hormone