title: Public health education/importance and experience from the field. Educational impact of community-based ultrasound screening surveys.
abstract: The public health educational impact of community-based ultrasound (US) surveys for cystic echinococcosis (CE) can form an important part of the development about the awareness of the importance of the disease in an endemic area. In addition to identifying asymptomatic carriers and thereby facilitating early diagnosis and treatment, such surveys can be used to impart important educational messages at the individual, household, community, regional and national levels. US surveys are usually appealing to rural communities where such services are not available but where the technique is generally appreciated by its application in a wide field of medical applications. The qualities of the test (painless, non-invasive and gives instant recordable results) are also attractive to participants during such surveys and the majority of the population in a selected study area choose to be screened. Two such surveys were carried out amongst the Berber people of the mid-Atlas mountains in central Morocco in May 2000 and 2001. Over 11,000 people were screened in the two 10-day surveys. Informed consent had been obtained through community meetings and with the chiefs of villages prior to the surveys being conducted. Individuals who volunteered to be screened entered the study and as far as is known there were no refusals. The concept of voluntary participation, the explanation of the life cycle and clinical manifestations of the disease and its prevention are all-important educational messages. The occurrence of CE is almost always known in an endemic community but is usually very poorly understood leading in many cases to a fear of the disease, especially amongst families with an infected individual who has previously undergone surgery. During the US survey considerable attention was paid to provide educational input before, during and after the survey. Information was provided at the start of the survey to local leaders, doctors, veterinarians and school teachers on the aims of the study and to obtain informed consent. At the start of the study everyone was individually schooled about the route of transmission of the parasite and how this may be best prevented. The knowledge level of those screened was assessed by showing hydatid cysts, either freshly obtained from the abattoir of from photographs. Animal cysts were recognised by almost everyone but its transmission and link to human disease was invariably unknown. Patients found to be infected with CE were always confidentially counselled and followed up for treatment, if required. Treatment options were explained to the individual or to parents in the case of a child. Local physicians participated in discussions on the WHO guidelines for the treatment of CE and all cases were fully discussed providing an educational element for the local doctors. The 1% US prevalence found sent an important message to the local politicians and the perceived importance of the disease had an impact at the leadership level. Local leaders made calls for a control programme. The long term educational impact remains to be evaluated as does the role such surveys play in the future collaboration of communities with the implementation of a control programme.
authors.affiliation: Département de Parasitologie, IAV Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kachani
authors.forename: C N L
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyagoubi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berrada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouslikhane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kachani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Hasnaoui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D015995:Prevalence; D015980:Public Health Practice; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography