title: Overexpression of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein/immunoglobulin-binding protein (GRP78/BiP) inhibits tissue factor procoagulant activity.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of GRP78/BiP, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone, in mammalian cells inhibits the secretion of specific coagulation factors. However, the effects of GRP78/BiP on activation of the coagulation cascade leading to thrombin generation are not known. In this study, we examined whether GRP78/BiP overexpression mediates cell surface thrombin generation in a human bladder cancer cell line T24/83 having prothrombotic characteristics. We report here that cells overexpressing GRP78/BiP exhibited significant decreases in cell surface-mediated thrombin generation, prothrombin consumption and the formation of thrombin-inhibitor complexes, compared with wild-type or vector-transfected cells. This effect was attributed to the ability of GRP78/BiP to inhibit cell surface tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) because conversion of factor X to Xa and factor VII to VIIa were significantly lower on the surface of GRP78/BiP-overexpressing cells. The additional findings that (i) cell surface factor Xa generation was inhibited in the absence of factor VIIa and (ii) TF PCA was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to human TF suggests that thrombin generation is mediated exclusively by TF. GRP78/BiP overexpression did not decrease cell surface levels of TF, suggesting that the inhibition in TF PCA does not result from retention of TF in the ER by GRP78/BiP. The additional observations that both adenovirus-mediated and stable GRP78/BiP overexpression attenuated TF PCA stimulated by ionomycin or hydrogen peroxide suggest that GRP78/BiP indirectly alters TF PCA through a mechanism involving cellular Ca(2+) and/or oxidative stress. Similar results were also observed in human aortic smooth muscle cells transfected with the GRP78/BiP adenovirus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that overexpression of GRP78/BiP decreases thrombin generation by inhibiting cell surface TF PCA, thereby suppressing the prothrombotic potential of cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8V 1C3, Canada.
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Anthony K C
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Leslie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sudesh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dickhout
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Geoff H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Werstuck
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bajzar
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Klamut
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D013925:Thromboplastin; D013917:Thrombin