Prolonged glutamate excitotoxicity: effects on mitochondrial antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes.
Glutamate, a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter is also an endogenous excitotoxin. The present study examined the prolonged and delayed effects of glutamate excitotoxicity on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in different brain regions, namely, cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, brain stem and diencephalon. Wistar rats (male) were exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg x g body wt(-1), i.p.) for 6 consecutive days and sacrificed on 30th and 45th day after last MSG dose. MSG treatment markedly decreased the mitochondrial manganese superoxide-dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and increased the lipid peroxidation (LPx), uric acid and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. These results indicate that oxidative stress produced by glutamate in vulnerable brain regions may persist for longer periods and mitochondrial function impairment is an important mechanism of excitatory amino acid mediated neurotoxicity in chronic neurodegeneration.
Singh
Puneet
P
Neurochemistry and Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
Mann
Karun Arora
KA
Mangat
Harit Kaur
HK
Kaur
Gurcharan
G
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014527:Uric Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione