title: Rigid external distraction osteogenesis for a patient with maxillary hypoplasia and oligodontia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this report, the orthodontic treatment combined with rigid external distraction osteogenesis in a 5.5-year-old girl with midfacial hypoplasia and oligodontia is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  The child presented with a reduced maxilla, protruding lower lip, skeletal Class III jaw relationship with a low mandibular plane angle, a short and flattened nose, anterior crossbite, and aplasia of 16 permanent teeth. The patient was treated with rigid external maxillary distraction osteogenesis, maxillary protraction headgear, and Class III elastics. Following treatment, the maxilla was displaced in a forward direction with new bone formation at the tuberosities and the mandible rotated backward in relation to the anterior cranial base. The anterior crossbite was corrected, and the skeletal jaw relationship changed from a Class III to a Class I skeletal pattern. The soft tissue facial profile showed that the nasal projection had been increased, the nasolabial angle increased, and the lower lip protrusion was reduced. Postoperative treatment results were acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report documents that early maxillary advancement with rigid external osteogenesis offers a promising treatment alternative for a very young patient with maxillary hypoplasia and oligodontia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitai
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kogo
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreiborg
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D000848:Anodontia / Q000150:complications*; D002508:Cephalometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D013577:Syndrome