Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis in bone marrow transplantation recipients: an overview.
Invasive central nervous system aspergillosis is being seen with an increased frequency, particularly due to the increased number of immunosuppressed patients. The major cause of invasive central nervous system aspergillosis is bone marrow transplantation. In most cases, aspergillosis develops in the paranasal sinuses and in the lungs, and secondarily spreads to the brain. Imaging of cerebral aspergillosis may present different patterns depending on the lesion's age and the immunologic status of the patient. Lesions of the spinal cord are far less common but has been encountered in our series. In this article we review the clinical and radiologic features of aspergillosis affecting the central nervous system in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation. Different CT and MR patterns are presented, including pertinent clinical and pathologic material. Significant morbidity and mortality can be associated with this fungal infection, and it is therefore incumbent upon the radiologist to identify intracranial aspergillosis as early as possible so that appropriate therapy can be administered.
Guermazi
Ali
A
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 350 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 150, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA. ali.guermazi@oarg.ucsf.edu
Gluckman
Eliane
E
Tabti
Bachir
B
Miaux
Yves
Y
D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020953:Neuroaspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed