title: Decreased cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E after subarachnoid hemorrhage: correlation with injury severity and clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele has been associated with unfavorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), suggesting that apoE plays an important role in the response of the brain to SAH. We determined the concentration of apoE in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH and a control group to test the hypothesis that alterations in CSF apoE reflect the response of the brain to SAH and are correlated with the severity of injury and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  ApoE and S100B (a marker of brain injury) were measured by ELISA in CSF from a non-brain-injured control group and patients with SAH. The severity of SAH was determined from the Glasgow Coma Scale, and the clinical outcome was determined from the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to increased CSF concentration of S100B, CSF apoE concentration was significantly lower in patients after SAH than in control subjects (Mann-Whitney test, P<0.0001). SAH patients with more severe injury and less favorable outcome had lower CSF apoE concentration than did patients with milder injury and better clinical outcome (Fisher exact test, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of apoE in the CSF decreases after SAH, despite the likely leakage of plasma apoE into the CSF. We speculate that apoE is retained within the parenchyma of the central nervous system in response to injury, where, in view of previous data, it may have a protective role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Glasgow, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK. adk4z@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014696:Ventriculostomy
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; D012709:Serum Albumin