title: [Adaptation and validation of the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 into Spanish and correction norms for Spanish population].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI-3) is a psychometric instrument developed to assign utilities to patients' health states. We present its Spanish adaptation and validation. Moreover, we estimate its utility in the Spanish population and compare it to Canadian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Adaptation process has been carried out following the original protocol by Furlong. A panel of experts was selected in order to warrant the process, the questionnaire translation and the training of interviewers. Two different samples were used: a modelling sample to develop the Multi Attribute Utility function (MAUF) and a directed measure sample to validate the MAUF. Both samples are representative of the Spanish population according to gender and age quota. In order to estimate the utilities associated with each health state, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Standard Gamble (SG) procedures were used. The instrument's dimensionality was assessed by means of Factor Analysis, and the convergent validity was checked against EuroQoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HUI-3 Spanish version is feasible (< 2% missing values and 7.34 1.27 minutes completion time) and reliable (Cronbach's (= 0.792 in modelling sample, 0.707 in direct measure sample, and 0.760 as a whole), showing a good test-retest correlation (0.909, p < 0.001). Convergent validity is good (correlation with EuroQoL: within 0.788 and 0.793). Factor solution met 5 factors: Speech & Dexterity, Ambulation & Pain, Vision, Emotion & Cognition, and Hearing. The Spanish and Canadian utility function differed significantly; 0.07 pts, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This questionnaire can be applied to individuals or collectively, either self-administered or through an interview. Psychometric indexes are good. Differences between Spanish and Canadian utility functions suggest the need of using the specific function for each population.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Metodología. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rejas
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rebollo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000145:classification*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations