title: Bile cultures and sensitivity patterns in malignant obstructive jaundice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bactibilia is one of the important factors in the development of postoperative septic complications. We undertook this retrospective analysis to identify the organisms present in bile and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bile specimens were obtained during endoscopic cholangiography (ERC; n=65), by flushing biliary stents (n=15), intra-operatively before incising the common bile duct (n=7) or during percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD; n=1). Eighty-eight samples from 65 consecutive patients were analyzed for their bacterial spectrum and sensitivity to antibiotics. Concomitant septic complications such as wound infection and cholangitis were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 65 patients (hilar block 39, distal block 26), 17 (26.1%) had bactibilia at initial ERCP; in addition, 3 of 7 bile specimens obtained during surgery, one collected during PTBD, and 13 of 15 stent flushings grew bacterial organisms. Cholangitis developed in 15 patients (12 with hilar block, 3 with distal block). Blood cultures were positive in 3 cases, and initial bile culture was positive in four patients with cholangitis. The most commonly found organisms were Escherichia coli (36.6%), Klebsiella pneumonia (18.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3%), Proteus vulgaris (8.3%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%). The organisms found on ERC were similar to those found at wound cultures in 3 of the 4 cases who developed wound infection. Amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone-sulbactam combination showed good activity against E. coli and K. pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one-fourth of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice have positive bile cultures at initial ERC. Post-ERC cholangitis is common in hilar blocks.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai 400 012.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neve
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: Rohini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelkar
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jagannath
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents