title: Paraspinous muscle flaps for the treatment and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in neurosurgery.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of paraspinous muscle flaps in preventing and managing cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in high-risk neurosurgery patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of paraspinous muscle flap coverage using a "vest-over-pants" closure in the prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have described paraspinous muscle flaps for the closure of complex spinal wounds, but none has addressed their use for the prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective clinical study evaluated nine consecutive patients with either refractory cerebrospinal fluid fistulas or high risk for cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spinal surgery. Bilateral paraspinous muscle flaps were used as primary flaps and closed using an overlapping vest-over-pants technique in eight of nine cases. The latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles were recruited as additional muscle flaps for closure of thoracolumbar and high thoracic deficits, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paraspinous muscle flaps provided immediate wound coverage in seven high-risk patients undergoing spinal surgery and two patients with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. Postoperative hospitalization averaged 14.4 days. There was no evidence of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula after an average follow-up of 176.7 days. No wound infections occurred. The only complications were a superficial hematoma, which was drained percutaneously on postoperative day 6, and a seroma, which was drained during the follow-up period and eventually resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paraspinous muscle flaps allow effective treatment and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in selected high-risk patients and provide simple durable coverage of complex spinal wounds with minimal morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. michelsaintcyr@ yahoo.ca
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saint-Cyr
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolis
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moumdjian
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frenette
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciaburro
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordoba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome