title: Muscle activity in the classical singer's shoulder and neck region.
abstract: The objective of this study is to characterize the level of use of the trapezius (TR) and the sternocleidomastoideus (STM) muscles by singing students. We further try to lower the activity in both muscles by use of biofeedback (BF) from electromyographic recordings (EMG). We finally examine whether the experiences from the BF session can be transferred into regular singing by maintaining a mental focus on the experiences made in the BF session. Two groups, each consisting of eight conservatory singing students, all in their first or second year of study, volunteered as subjects. Two singing procedures were used, a song and a sustained tone of maximum possible duration. EMG activity was recorded bilaterally from the TR and STM by use of an ambulatory monitoring system. EMG BF appeared to lower muscle activity in the two muscles, thus the experiences made in the BF session could be transferred into regular singing. We conclude that singers, although having an enhanced awareness of posture, still may have overuse of especially the TR muscle, but probably also the STM muscle.
authors.affiliation: Stavanger University College, School of Art Education, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. viggo.pettersen@kf.his.no
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pettersen
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Westgaard
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009333:Neck; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012782:Shoulder; D013060:Speech; D013997:Time Factors