title: Serum lipoproteins in the diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes intervention and complications cohort: associations with gender and glycemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To relate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-determined lipoprotein profile, conventional lipid and apolipoprotein measures, and in vitro oxidizibility of LDL with gender and glycemia in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the 1997-1999 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort, serum from 428 women and 540 men were characterized by conventional lipids, NMR, apolipoprotein levels, and LDL susceptibility to in vitro oxidation. Simple and partial correlation coefficients were calculated for each lipoprotein-related parameter versus gender, with and without covariates (age, diabetes duration, concurrent HbA(1c), DCCT randomization, hypertension, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and albuminuria). For concurrent HbA(1c), data were analyzed as above, exchanging gender for HbA(1c). Associations were significant if P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although men and women had similar total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, men exhibited the following significant percent differences in NMR profiles versus women: small VLDL 41; IDL -30; medium LDL 39; small LDL 21; large HDL -32; small HDL 35; LDL particle concentration 4; VLDL and HDL diameters -8 and -4, respectively. Small VLDL, small HDL, medium LDL (women only), small LDL (men only), and LDL particle concentration were positively correlated, and HDL size was inversely correlated, with concurrent HbA(1c). NMR profile was unrelated to prior DCCT randomization. Susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was unrelated to gender and glycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male gender and poor glycemia are associated with a potentially more atherogenic NMR lipoprotein profile. Neither gender nor glycemia influence LDL oxidation in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Deyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Otvos
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lackland
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: W Timothy
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein