title: Factors affecting esophageal motility in gastroesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are conflicting data concerning the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) on esophageal motor function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Duration of GERD might affect severity of symptoms, grade of esophageal mucosal injury, and esophageal motor behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of a defined cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two referral centers, one of them academic, for esophageal gastrointestinal motility disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty-seven patients with documented GERD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptoms, grade of mucosal injury on esophagoscopy, esophageal manometry, ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, and esophagogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with GERD had significantly decreased lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (P =.02), lower amplitude of esophageal peristalsis at all levels of measurement (P<.001), and more delayed esophageal transit (P =.007) compared with control subjects. Patients with dysphagia, severe esophagitis, and Barrett esophagus presented with a longer history of the disease, significantly worse esophageal motor function (P<.01), and more prolonged esophageal transit than patients without the above features of the disease. Impairment of esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure were significantly inversely related to the duration of the disease (P<.001). Also, delay of esophageal transit was significantly related to the duration of the disease (P =.002) and inversely related to the amplitude of esophageal peristalsis (P<.001). Unlike the manometric variables, the extent of reflux, as assessed by ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, was not related to the duration of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long history of GERD is more commonly associated with presence of dysphagia, delayed esophageal transit, severe esophagitis, presence of Barrett esophagus, and impaired esophageal motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete GR-711 10, Greece. chrysos@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chrysos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prokopakis
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Athanasakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pechlivanides
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsiaoussis
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantides
authors.forename: Evaghelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xynos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged