title: Uncommon manifestations of shunt infection.
abstract: Shunt infection is one of the commonest and most troublesome cause of shunt failure. According to the etiology and clinical presentations it has been divided into external and internal types.
  
  
  METHODS
  We hereby present four pediatric cases, who presented with atypical manifestations not coinciding with the above mentioned types of shunt infection. Three patients developed round, globular or diffuse fluctuant CSF filled swellings at the burr hole site, one of whom had involvement of the entire pericatheteral extent upto the abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fourth child developed spontaneous expulsion of ventricular end of shunt tube through the dehiscent and infected chest wall incision site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First three of the above children were diagnosed as having internal type of shunt infections, while the fourth had mixed manifestations of external and internal type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. rajkumar@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents