title: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SAR and X-ray crystallographic study for the interaction of sugar sulfamates/sulfamides with isozymes I, II and IV.
abstract: A series of sugar sulfamate/sulfamide derivatives were prepared and assayed as inhibitors of three carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV. Best inhibitory properties were observed for the clinically used antiepileptic drug topiramate, which is a low nanomolar CA II inhibitor, and possesses good inhibitory properties against the other two isozymes investigated here, similarly with acetazolamide, methazolamide or dichlorophenamide. The X-ray structure of the complex of topiramate with hCA II has been solved and it revealed a very tight association of the inhibitor, with a network of seven strong hydrogen bonds fixing topiramate within the active site, in addition to the Zn(II) coordination through the ionized sulfamate moiety. Structural changes in this series of sugar derivatives led to compounds with diminished CA inhibitory properties as compared to topiramate.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antel
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scozzafava
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldeck
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D024401:Carbonic Anhydrase I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D030741:Carbonic Anhydrase IV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077236:Topiramate; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; C005741:sulfamic acid; D024401:Carbonic Anhydrase I; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II; D030741:Carbonic Anhydrase IV; D015032:Zinc