title: Calculations for plane-parallel ion chambers in 60Co beams using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code.
abstract: The EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation system is used to obtain, for 10 plane-parallel ionization chambers in 60Co beams, the correction factors Kcomp and Pwall that account for the nonequivalence of the chamber wall material to the buildup cap and the phantom material, respectively. A more robust calculation method has been used compared to that used in previous works. A minor conceptual error related to the axial nonuniformity correction factor, Kan, has been identified and shown to have an effect of about 0.2%. The assumption that Pwall in-phantom is numerically equal to Kcomp calculated for a water buildup cap is shown to be accurate to better than 0.06%, thereby justifying the use of Kcomp calculations which are much more efficient. The effect on the calculated dose to the air in the cavity of the particle production threshold and transport energies used in the simulations is studied. Uncertainties in the calculated correction factors due to uncertainties in the photon and electron cross-section data are studied. They are 0.14% and 0.24%, respectively (1 standard deviation), for Kcomp factors. The uncertainties on Kwall factors are 0.03% from photon cross-section uncertainties and negligible from electron cross-section uncertainties. A comparison with previous EGS4/PRESTA calculations shows that present results are systematically higher by an average of 0.8%, ranging from 0.4% up to 1.4%. The present results are in better agreement with reported experimental values.
authors.affiliation: Ionizing Radiation Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A OR6, Canada. mainegra@irs.phy.nrc.ca
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mainegra-Hing
authors.forename: Iwan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawrakow
authors.forename: D W O
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D002138:Calibration; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes