title: Cyclooxygenase is regulated by ET-1 and MAPKs in peripheral lung microvascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: We examined the hypothesis that the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin (ET)-1 regulates both its own production and production of the vasodilator prostaglandins PGE(2) and prostacyclin in sheep peripheral lung vascular smooth muscle cells (PLVSMC). Confluent layers of PLVSMC were exposed to 10 nM ET-1; expression of the prepro (pp)-ET-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 genes was examined by RT-PCR and Western analysis. Intracellular levels of ET-1 were measured by ELISA with and without addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor brefeldin A (50 microg/ml). Prostaglandin levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Through use of ET(A) and ET(B) antagonists (BQ-610 and BQ-788, respectively), the contribution of the ET receptors to COX-1 and -2 expression and ppET-1 gene expression was examined. The contribution of phosphorylated p38 and p44/42 MAPK on COX-1 and COX-2 expression was also examined with MAPK inhibitors (p38, SB-203580 and p44/42, PD-98056). ET-1 resulted in transient increases in ppET-1, COX-1, and COX-2 gene and protein expression and release of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) and PGE(2) (P < 0.05). Both internalization of ET-1 and synthesis of new peptide contributed to an increase in intracellular ET-1 (P < 0.05). Although increased ppET-1 was regulated by both ET(A) and ET(B), COX-2 expression was upregulated only by ET(A); COX-1 expression was unaffected by either antagonist. ET-1 treatment resulted in transient phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 MAPK; inhibitors of these MAPKs suppressed expression of COX-2 but not COX-1. Our data indicate that local production of ET-1 regulates COX-2 by activation of the ET(A) receptor and phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 MAPK in PLVSMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2650, USA.
authors.forename: Daohong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Balyakina
authors.forename: Mayme
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Christman
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016232:Endothelins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010880:Piperidines; D011498:Protein Precursors; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D044023:Receptor, Endothelin B; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C087220:BQ 610; C086539:BQ 788; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone