title: The toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to the fish, Catla catla (Hamilton).
abstract: The acute toxicity of unionized ammonia; nitrite and nitrate to the Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton) was determined using static and continuous flow through systems for 24 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for 24 h of ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) were 0.045 mg/l, 120.84 mg/l and 1565.43 mg/l in static test respectively and were 0.036 mg/l, 117.43 mg/l and 1484.08 mg/l in continuous flow through test respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar-522 510, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tilak
authors.forename: S Jhansi
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lakshmi
authors.forename: T Anitha
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Susan
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D014873:Water Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia