title: Estimated folic acid intakes from simulated fortification of the New Zealand food supply.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify a folic acid food fortification programme that will maximise the percentage of women of child-bearing age receiving at least 400 microg folic acid/day, the amount shown to reduce the risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies, while not putting population groups at risk of excessive intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  1997 New Zealand National Nutrition Survey data and a computer modelling programme were used to estimate folic acid intakes from simulated fortification scenarios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breads fortified with folic acid at 150 microg/50 g, white flour at 100 microg/35 g and liquid milk at 200 microg/200 ml, were found to be the best fortification scenarios. Thirty one percent, 21% and 18% of women of child-bearing age received > or = 400 microg folic acid/day from the fortification of bread, white flour and milk respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most effective scenario for folic acid fortification is bread fortified at 150 microg/50 g. However, it is impossible to fortify food at a level that ensures the majority of women of child-bearing age receive more than 400 microg folic acid/day without exposing some people to excessive amounts of folic acid. The current public health message encouraging women to select folic acid fortified foods and take folic acid supplements, needs to continue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bourn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid