title: Healthy older adult performance on a modified version of the Cognistat (NCSE): demographic issues and preliminary normative data.
abstract: Normative data for a healthy sample of older adults (n = 108) ranging in age from 60 to 96 are provided for the Cognistat, a mental status exam previously known as the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE). A Cognistat Composite Score is also introduced that is intended to be used as a marker of general cognitive impairment, allowing the Cognistat to be used to match patients in terms of the severity of their cognitive dysfunction. The "screen and metric" approach of the Cognistat was abandoned in order to improve the reliability and standardization of this measure by administering the entire metric to all patients. The impact of demographic variables on Cognistat performance was examined, demonstrating that both age and education contribute uniquely to a number of Cognistat subtests as well as to the Cognistat Composite Score. This study highlights the importance of matching an examinee's demographic background to the normative sample with which his or her test score is being compared. Normative data were stratified accordingly by age and by both age and education. Current results indicate that the Cognistat is sensitive to normal aging and promises greater sensitivity to the impact of age than the commonly employed Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. ddrane@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Drane
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Yuspeh
authors.forename: Justin S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huthwaite
authors.forename: Lacey K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Klingler
authors.forename: Lori M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Marty
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mrazik
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Axelrod
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis