title: Computer simulation of convective and diffusive transport of controlled-release drugs in the vitreous humor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biodistribution of drugs in the eye is central to the efficacy of pharmaceutical ocular therapies. Of particular interest to us is the effect of intravitreal transport on distribution of controlled-released drugs within the vitreous.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer model was developed to describe the three-dimensional convective-diffusive transport of drug released from an intravitreal controlled release source. Unlike previous studies, this work includes flow of aqueous from the anterior to the posterior of the vitreous. The release profile was based on in vitro release of gentamicin from poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres into vitreous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For small drugs, convection plays a small role, but for large (slower diffusing) drugs, convection becomes more important. For the cases studied, the predicted ratio of drug reaching the retina to drug cleared by the aqueous humor was 2.4 for a small molecule but 13 for a large molecule. Transport in neonatal mouse eye, in contrast, was dominated by diffusion, and the ratio decreased to 0.39.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interaction among convection, diffusion, and geometry causes significant differences in biodistribution between large and small molecules or across species. These differences should be considered in the design of delivery strategies or animal studies.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Scientific Computation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stay
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Theodore W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Victor H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Barocas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations