title: A simple intervention to improve hospital antibiotic prescribing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in prescribing behaviour after distribution of antibiotic guidelines printed on a 9 x 6 cm laminated card suitable for clipping to a hospital identification badge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescribing for 20 common and important paediatric infections were printed on a laminated 9 x 6 cm card suitable to clip to a hospital identification badge and distributed to all medical staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data from medical records for three marker conditions (tonsillitis, pneumonia, and orbital/periorbital cellulitis) on samples of patients from the six-month periods either side of the month in which the cards were distributed. Prescribers were unaware of the study and investigators analysed the prescriptions without knowledge of the period in which they were written. Prescriptions were rated for appropriate choice of antibiotic and appropriate dose. Data were also collected on antibiotic costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of cases in which antibiotic choice was appropriate; proportion of cases in which antibiotic dose was appropriate; annualised costs of third-generation cephalosporins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For tonsillitis there was little change in prescribing practice after the cards were introduced. For pneumonia, cases with appropriate choice increased from 77% to 92% (P = 0.028) and cases with appropriate dose increased from 48% to 81% (P = 0.001). For orbital/periorbital cellulitis, cases with appropriate choice increased from 19% to 78% (P < 0.001) and cases with appropriate dose increased from 30% to 51% (P = 0.11). Annualised costs of third-generation cephalosporins were $193 245 pre-cards and $89 814 post-cards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cards appeared to have a beneficial effect on prescribing practice for the three marker conditions. This simple intervention is likely to be cost-effective and useful in reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. mike.south@rch.org.au
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: South
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Royle
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Starr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D003363:Cost Control; D003657:Decision Making; D016527:Drug Costs; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents