title: Does mindfulness meditation contribute to health? Outcome evaluation of a German sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This exploratory study is the first systematic outcome evaluation to examine the effects of an 8-week meditation-based program in mindfulness in a German sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one (21) participants with chronic physical, psychologic, or psychosomatic illnesses were examined in a longitudinal pretest and post-treatment design with a 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. Emotional and general physical well-being, sense of coherence, overall psychologic distress, and satisfaction with life were measured with standardized instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the interventions led to high levels of adherence to the meditation practice and satisfaction with the benefits of the course, as well as effective and lasting reductions of symptoms (especially in psychologic distress, well-being, and quality of life). Changes were of moderate-to-large effect sizes. Positive complementary effects with psychotherapy were also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings warrant controlled studies to evaluate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction as an intervention for chronic physical and psychosomatic disorders in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dietz-Waschkowski
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kersig
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019122:Meditation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019222:Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome