title: [Ischemic stroke: transesophageal echocardiographic findings].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since its initial application in 1976, the transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) has improved the detection of cardiovascular emboligenic sources. Even though its indication in patients with stroke is still controversial, its use has contributed to the identification of potential embolic stroke sources.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the transesophageal echocardiographic findings in ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed case series of 162 TEE performed on a total of 576 ischemic events dated between 01/01/99 to 01/05/01. The required information was collected prospectively in the Stroke Data Bank of the Neurology Department at Policl nico Bancario in Buenos Aires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEE was carried out in 162 (28.1%) cases. Of theses cases 13% belonged to the clinical subtype TACI, 37% to PACI, 17% to POCI, and 37% to LACI subtype. Pathologic findings corresponded to cardiac level: spontaneous contrast in 29% of the cases, and to aortic level: plaques grade IV in 34% and debris in 13% of the cases. According to the etiology of ischemic stroke, 67 patients had been registered under the diagnosis of lacunar infarct (60 in the anterior region and 7 in the posterior region), 93 had been diagnosed medium and grand artery infarct (73 in the anterior region and 29 in the posterior region), and 2 had remained unclassified. Emboligenic sources were found in 69.5% of TACI, 65% of PACI, 52% of POCI, and 53% of LACI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high percentage of aortic artheroembolic pathology was detected in the population under study. However, spontaneous contrast was the echocardiographic phenomenon more frequently reported. It is to be pointed out the presence of potential cardiac and/or aortic emboligenic sources in 48% of the population with lacunar infarct
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Policlínica Bancaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. neurologia@osba.com.ar
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Melcón
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rotta-Escalante
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Curatolo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carosella
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Torres-Lynch
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gestro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubachin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lourido
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology