title: High molecular weight hyaluronan promotes repair of IL-1 beta-damaged cartilage explants from both young and old bovines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The addition of exogenous high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) reverses cartilage damage caused by fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) added to explant cultures of bovine and human cartilage and by Fn-fs in an experimental in vivo model of rabbit knee joint damage. Our objective was to test whether HA was also effective in an IL-1 damage model and whether this repair was stable and occurred in older bovine cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine cartilage explants from 18-month-old or 6-year-old bovines in 10% serum/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium were exposed to Fn-f or to IL-1 and the ability of 1mg/ml HA of 800 kDa to block damage or promote restoration of proteoglycan (PG) after the damage was measured. The damage phase as well as the exposure to HA were varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of exogenous HA decreased Fn-f-mediated damage, but did not decrease IL-1 beta-induced cartilage damage. If explants from 18-month-old bovines were damaged by a 7-day exposure to Fn-f or IL-1 beta and then exposed for 7 days to HA, PG was restored. This reparative activity persisted up to 4 weeks after the removal of HA from the culture medium. The restoration of PG did not occur in 0.1% serum-free cultures, was less when the exposure to the Fn-f was doubled and failed when exposure to IL-1 beta was doubled. In explants from 6-year-old bovines damaged with IL-1 beta for 7 days, HA fully restored PG content to normal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reparative activities of HA occur not only in a Fn-f damage model, but also in an IL-1 damage model and occur with older bovine cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical College at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612-3864, USA. ghomandb@medicine.nodak.edu
authors.forename: Gene A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Homandberg
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ummadi
authors.forename: Hellan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid