title: Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and infant death in the first year of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective follow up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989-96.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 478 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about coffee consumption during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at > or =28 weeks' gestation) and infant death (death of a liveborn infant during the first year of life).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant women who drank eight or more cups of coffee per day during pregnancy had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with women who did not drink coffee (odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.9). After adjustment for smoking habits and alcohol intake during pregnancy, the relative risk of stillbirth decreased slightly. Adjustment for parity, maternal age, marital status, years of education, occupational status, and body mass index did not substantially change the estimates of association. There was no significant association between coffee consumption and death in the first year of life after adjustment for smoking habits during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drinking coffee during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth but not with infant death.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Epidemiological Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. kiwi@perinatal.dk
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wisborg
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kesmodel
authors.forename: Bodil Hammer
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedegaard
authors.forename: Tine Brink
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee