A randomised controlled trial of misoprostol versus oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour.
Our objective was to compare oral misoprostol with intramuscular oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Four hundred and ninety-six women were randomised to receive either 600 microg misoprostol orally or 10 IU oxytocin intramuscularly after delivery. There were no significant differences between the misoprostol and oxytocin groups with regard to the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (1% vs. 0% respectively, relative risk (RR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-28.88) or drop in haemoglobin concentration (0.71 g/dl vs. 0.68 g/dl, respectively, P = 0.699). The length of the third stage of labour and the percentage of women requiring manual removal of placenta, further oxytocics or blood transfusion were also similar. Shivering was significantly higher with misoprostol (57% vs. 14%; RR 4.06, CI 2.93-5.62), but there were no differences in other side effects. We conclude that oral misoprostol can replace intramuscular oxytocin in reducing postpartum haemorrhage in low-risk women, in developing countries, especially as it is administered orally and it is thermostable in tropical conditions.
Oboro
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Maternity Unit, Zonal General Hospital, Kwale, Delta State, Nigeria. oborovo@yahoo.com
Tabowei
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D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy
D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol; D010121:Oxytocin