title: Soluble HLA-A,-B,-C and -G molecules induce apoptosis in T and NK CD8+ cells and inhibit cytotoxic T cell activity through CD8 ligation.
abstract: There is convincing evidence that soluble HLA-A,-B,-C (sHLA-A,-B,-C) and soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) antigens can induce apoptosis in CD8(+) activated T cells although there is scanty and conflicting information about the mechanism(s) by which sHLA-A,-B,-C antigens and sHLA-G antigens induce apoptosis. In this study we have compared the apoptosis-inducing ability of sHLA-A,-B,-C antigens with that of sHLA-G1 antigens in CD8(+) T lymphocytes and CD8(+) NK cells. Furthermore we have compared the inhibitory effect of sHLA-A,-B,-C antigens and of sHLA-G1 antigens on the activity of EBV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). sHLA molecules were purified from serum and from the supernatant of HLA class I-negative cells transfected with one gene encoding either classical or non-classical HLA class I antigens. Both classical and non-classical sHLA class I molecules trigger apoptosis in CD8(+) T lymphocytes and in CD8(+) NK cells, which lack the T cell receptor, and their apoptotic potency is comparable. The binding of sHLA-A,-B,-C and sHLA-G1 molecules to CD8 leads to Fas ligand (FasL) up-regulation, soluble FasL (sFasL) secretion and CD8(+) cell apoptosis by Fas/sFasL interaction. Moreover, classical and non-classical sHLA class I molecules inhibit the cytotoxic activity of EBV-specific CD8(+) CTL. As the amount ofsHLA-G molecules detectable in normal serum is significantly lower than that of sHLA-A,-B,-C molecules, the immunomodulatory effects of sHLA class I molecules purified from serum are likely to be mainly attributable to classical HLA class I antigens. As far as the potential in vivo relevance of these findings is concerned, we suggest that classical sHLA class I molecules may play a major immunoregulatory role in clinical situations characterized by activation of the immune system and elevated sHLA-A,-B,-C serum levels. In contrast, non-classical HLA class I molecules may exert immunomodulatory effects in particular conditions characterized by elevated sHLA-G levels such as pregnancy and some neoplastic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Contini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filaci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Indiveri
authors.forename: Soldano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrone
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puppo
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016827:CD8 Antigens; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006680:HLA Antigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019014:fas Receptor