title: Kinetics of indocyanine green dye after intraocular surgeries using indocyanine green staining.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the elimination kinetics of indocyanine green (ICG) after intraocular operations using ICG staining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraocular fluorescence of ICG was determined using the ICG angiographic mode of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (in vivo) and fluorescence microscopy (in vitro) after circular curvilinear capsulorhexis with ICG staining during cataract surgery and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with ICG staining during macular hole surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 9 eyes of 7 patients with white cataracts and 14 eyes of 14 patients with idiopathic macular holes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy revealed fluorescence in the anterior segment of patients with cataracts on the first postoperative day, and fluorescence remained for a mean +/- SD of 6.0 +/- 2.2 days postoperatively. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy also revealed fluorescence in the posterior pole of patients with macular holes, and it remained for a mean +/- SD of 2.7 +/- 1.4 months postoperatively. Fluorescence microscopy showed fluorescence of the entire tissues, suggesting that ICG had stained not only the surface of the membranes but had also entered them. In both operations, visual outcomes were not significantly different from the results obtained without ICG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because entire tissues were stained, the differences in ICG kinetics might also be caused by factors other than differences in stainability, such as the environment surrounding the tissues or molecular structural differences between the lens capsule and the ILM. Although we found complete disappearance of fluorescence and good functional recovery, the longer resident time of the dye after macular hole surgery may suggest a potential risk to intraocular tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan. masayuki@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000378:metabolism*; D019923:Capsulorhexis; D002386:Cataract / Q000378:metabolism*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green