title: Financial and vocational outcomes 1 year after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize financial and vocational outcomes among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in terms of employment status, earned and private income, and public assistance received at the time of injury and at 1 year after injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonexperimental, longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient TBI rehabilitation unit and participants' community of residence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five persons with new TBI from 1 national Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employment status, earned and private monthly income, and public assistance received monthly at the time of injury and at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the time of injury until 1-year follow-up, the percentage of persons employed decreased from 69% to 31%; the percentage unemployed increased from 11% to 49%; the average earned monthly income declined 51% (from US dollars 1,491 to US dollars 726); and the mean total public assistance received per month increased 275% (from US dollars 153 to US dollars 421).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assuming that this study sample is representative of national statistics for TBI, during the first year after injury, TBI is associated with an estimated $642 million in lost wages, US dollars 96 million in lost income taxes, and US dollars 353 million in increased public assistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Health Professions, Colombia, MO, USA. johnstoneg@health.missouri.edu
authors.forename: Brick
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mount
authors.forename: Laura H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schopp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011632:Public Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*