title: Evaluation of air displacement for assessing body composition of collegiate wrestlers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) by using the BOD POD in comparison with hydrostatic weighing (HW) in a collegiate wrestling population in hydrated and acutely dehydrated states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition was determined by ADP, HW, and three-site skinfolds (SK) in 66 NCAA Division I collegiate wrestlers before and after acute dehydration (2.6% reduction in body mass). For all methods, body density (D(b)) was converted to percent body fat (%BF) by using the Brozek equation for Euro-Americans and the Schutte equation for African-Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between ADP and HW for D(b), %BF, and fat-free mass (FFM) in either the hydrated or dehydrated states. The standard errors of the estimate for %BF estimated from ADP with HW as the reference method were 2.12% (hydrated) and 2.16% (dehydrated); prediction errors were 2.35% (hydrated) and 2.49% (dehydrated). Bland-Altman plots of D(b) and %BF showed no systematic bias, and 64 out 66 subjects fell within the 95% limits of agreement (mean difference +/- 2 SD) for both variables. For SK, %BF was significantly higher than HW in both the hydrated and dehydrated state. All methods (ADP, HW, and SK) showed a significant decrease in FFM from the hydrated to the dehydrated state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the BOD POD air displacement method provides similar estimates of D (b), %BF, and FFM when compared with HW in a heterogeneous collegiate wrestling population during hydrated and acutely dehydrated states. Pretest guidelines to ensure normal hydration status before body composition assessment using any method must be followed to minimize measurement error in %BF.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health, Leisure, and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. utterac@appstate.edu
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Utter
authors.forename: Frederic L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: Pamela D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Trone
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D014952:Wrestling / Q000502:physiology*