title: Chloroplast movement: dissection of events downstream of photo- and mechano-perception.
abstract: The study of chloroplast photorelocation movement is progressing rapidly now that mutants for chloroplast movement have become available in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, mechanistic approaches in cell biology still stand to elucidate the mechanisms and regulations of such movement. The fern Adiantum capillus-veneris and the moss Physcomitrella patens are particularly suitable materials for analyzing the kinetics of intracellular chloroplast movement. In these plants, chloroplast movement is induced by red light as well as blue light, mediated by phytochrome and blue light receptor, respectively. In this paper, we review the unique force-generating system for chloroplast motility in P. patens. In addition to light-induced chloroplast movement, we also summarize mechanically induced chloroplast movement in these plants and the motility systems involved. Finally, the different dependency of mechano- and photo-relocation movement on external Ca(2+) is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Akeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D035681:Adiantum / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008027:Light; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D010834:Phytochrome; D002118:Calcium