title: Expression of neuropeptide FF, prolactin-releasing peptide, and the receptor UHR1/GPR10 genes during embryogenesis in the rat.
abstract: Recently, several RF-amide peptides have been identified in mammals. These peptides have a similar C-terminal RF-motif and share some G-protein coupled receptors. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) are expressed in the same brain areas in the adult rat and act both in prolactin release and cardiovascular regulation. Here, we characterized the embryonal expression from embryonal day 14 to postnatal day 0 of both peptide mRNAs and the mRNA distribution of UHR1/GPR10-like receptor by using in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. NPFF mRNA was found in the spinal cord, caudal solitary tract nucleus, and surprisingly, in the medullary reticular formation. The only peripheral organs displaying NPFF mRNA expression were the lungs and the spleen. PrRP gene expression was seen in the caudal solitary tract nucleus, medullary reticular formation, pontine isthmus and liver, kidney, and testis. The receptor UHR1/GPR10 gene was expressed consistently in the medullary reticular formation and the adrenal gland but also transiently in several locations. All three genes showed weak but even ISH signal in the pituitary. These findings suggest different roles for the peptides during development and indicate that UHR1/GPR10-like receptor could also bind other ligands in addition to PrRP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nystedt
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panula
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D056690:Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D009479:Neuropeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; C534377:PRLH protein, human; C112345:PRLHR protein, human; C534379:Prlh protein, rat; D056690:Prolactin-Releasing Hormone; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C053651:phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide