title: Nodal yield in neck dissection and the likelihood of metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to begin investigating the relationship between nodal yield in neck dissection and the likelihood of finding cervical metastases in T1 and T2 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). No clinical implications are drawn from this preliminary work.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective analysis of 564 patients with T1 and T2 HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registry. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between nodal yield in neck dissection and the discovery of cervical metastases. Other independent factors included in the analysis were gender, age, race, and primary site of tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with nodal yield < 13, cervical metastases were more likely to be found for nodal yield 21-28 (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 3.68), 29-40 (P = 0.021, OR = 1.98), and >40 (P < 0.001, OR = 3.52). Increased age, male sex, and oropharynx and hypopharynx primaries were also associated with a significantly increased likelihood of finding cervical metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In T1 and T2 cases of HNSCC, nodal yield >20, increased age, male sex, and primary site correspond with an increased likelihood of finding cervical metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Agrama
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topham
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Keane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies