title: Coagulative disorders in human acute pancreatitis: role for the D-dimer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated coagulative disorders, particularly the role of the D-dimer, in acute pancreatitis where coagulation abnormalities related to disease severity are known to occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  D-dimer levels in 30 patients with acute pancreatitis were evaluated; pancreatitis was mild and uncomplicated in 11 patients, accompanied by complications in 15, and severe in 4. We attempted to find a relationship between the D-dimer level and the antithrombin III level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, the C-reactive protein level, and results of routine laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 11 patients with uncomplicated pancreatitis, the D-dimer level increased about 1.5 times over the limit, while in the 15 patients with complications and the four patients with severe pancreatitis, the D-dimer level increased about seven times above the normal limit; this difference was highly significant (p < 0.0001). The rise in the D-dimer level was inversely related to albumin and calcium levels (p = 0.0001) and directly related to the C-reactive protein level, fibrinogen level and leukocyte count (p = 0.0001), prothrombin time (p = 0.006), partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.03), and acute abdominal collections and lung involvement (p = 0.0001). The increase appeared early on, lasting for the entire study and peaking on days 3-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The D-dimer is the expression of pancreatitis and the extension of systemic involvement; it may be considered a prominent link in the chain of events leading to severe disease.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salomone
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.forename: Gualtiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palareti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomassetti
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guariento
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saieva
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raiti
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romboli
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gullo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000097:blood*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D000990:Antithrombin III