title: Phase I/II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin and etoposide in patients with small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this phase I/II study were to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and activity of cisplatin, etoposide, and gemcitabine (PEG) in the treatment of previously untreated patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemonaive patients received fixed doses of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8) and cisplatin (70 mg/m(2) on day 2) and escalating doses of etoposide (starting dose of 50 mg/m(2) on days 3, 4, and 5) every 3 weeks. No prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From September 1998 to April 2000, 56 patients with limited- or extensive-stage SCLC were enrolled and received a total of 235 cycles. Two different etoposide doses were tested in eight patients. At the second level (75 mg/m(2)), two out of two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and no further dose-escalation was attempted, thus an etoposide dose of 50 mg/m(2) was defined as the MTD. In the subsequent phase II evaluation, 48 additional patients were enrolled, for a total of 54 patients treated at the MTD. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 66.7 and 53.7% of patients, respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild, with grade 3 diarrhea and fatigue as the main side effects. Two patients died of neutropenic sepsis (one at 75 mg/m(2) and the other at 50 mg/m(2) etoposide). Ten complete and 29 partial responses were reported, for an overall response rate of 72.2% (95% confidence interval, 56.6-85.0%). The median duration of response and median survival were 8.0 and 10 months, respectively, with a 1-year survival probability of 37.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of PEG is feasible and well tolerated as front-line chemotherapy in SCLC. A randomized comparison of this triplet is underway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lung Diseases, 5th Pulmonary Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo - Forlanini, via Portuense 332, 00149, Rome, Italy. filippo@sirio_oncology.it
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Marinis
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Migliorino
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paoluzzi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Portalone
authors.forename: Ottaviano
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ariganello
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortesi
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gamucci
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasperoni
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cipri
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D013534:Survival; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine