title: Incidence of and risk factors for additional tympanostomy tube insertion in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and risk factors that account for additional tympanostomy tube placement among children who have undergone an initial placement of ventilation tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review of consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-year consecutive series of 2121 children cared for in a hospital-based, tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subsequent need for additional ventilation tube surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred twenty-three (19.9%) of the 2121 children who underwent initial placement of bilateral myringotomy tubes (BMTs) between April 20, 1995, and May 25, 1998, subsequently had a second set of tubes placed by May 25, 2000. Children 18 months or younger at the time of initial BMT placement were nearly twice as likely (26.3% vs 15.9%) to undergo a second BMT procedure when compared with children who were older than 18 months at initial surgery (P<.005). The probability of having a second BMT procedure was reduced if adenoidectomy was performed at the first BMT procedure (0.08 vs 0.24, P<.001). Adenoidectomy status, craniofacial deformities, and a family history of adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy with or without BMTs were independent risk factors for multiple BMTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidemiologic analysis of this consecutive series of patients who underwent BMT placement in a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice suggests that 1 in 5 patients will subsequently require a second set of ventilation tubes. Age younger than 18 months at the time of the initial BMT procedure is associated with an increased risk for additional surgery but is not an independent risk factor. Adenoidectomy reduces the incidence of subsequent BMTs following initial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boston
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCook
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derkay
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology