title: Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have reported beneficial effects of bisphosphonates in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI); however, these studies have differed in the protocols they used, and none has been independently replicated. We intended to confirm the efficacy of a specific intravenous bisphosphonate protocol in children with moderate to severe OI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the protocol described by Glorieux et al and performed a prospective clinical trial in 6 children who were aged 22 months to 14 years. Each patient received intravenous pamidronate therapy for a minimum of 2 years in cycles of 1 mg/kg daily over 3 consecutive days at a mean cycle interval of 3.8 months. Outcome measures included lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (BMD) and z score, fracture rate, and occupational therapy functional assessment with serial Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While on therapy, the average annual increase in areal BMD was 48% and the average annual increase in BMD z score was 1.0. This increase in z score is statistically significant. There was no clear correlation between changes in BMD and fracture rate. All patients experienced functional improvement in mobility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the findings of Glorieux et al that cyclic administration of intravenous pamidronate in children with OI has beneficial effects with respect to BMD z scores and physical disability. Long-term follow-up will be required to determine whether bisphosphonate therapy will decrease fracture rates and increase mobility in children with moderate to severe OI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Marni J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Shauna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heeger
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: DeCaro
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bohach
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Warman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010013:Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077268:Pamidronate; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D000077268:Pamidronate