title: Nuclear export of the APC tumour suppressor controls beta-catenin function in transcription.
abstract: The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is inactivated in most colorectal tumours. APC loss is an early event in tumorigenesis, and causes an increase of nuclear beta-catenin and its transcriptional activity. This is thought to be the driving force for tumour progression. APC shuttles in and out of the nucleus, but the functional significance of this has been controversial. Here, we show that APC truncations are nuclear in colorectal cancer cells and adenocarcinomas, and this correlates with loss of centrally located nuclear export signals. These signals confer efficient nuclear export as measured directly by fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), and they are critical for the function of APC in reducing the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin in complementation assays of APC mutant colorectal cancer cells. Importantly, targeting a functional APC construct to the nucleus causes a striking nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin without changing its transcriptional activity. Our evidence indicates that the rate of nuclear export of APC, rather than its nuclear import or steady-state levels, determines the transcriptional activity of beta-catenin.
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosin-Arbesfeld
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cliffe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brabletz
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bienz
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin