title: "Onco-tese": testicular sperm extraction in azoospermic cancer patients before chemotherapy-new guidelines?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the usefulness of pretreatment testicular sperm extraction because some patients have tumor-induced azoospermia. In view of the high cure rates for testicular germ cell tumors and malignant lymphomas, increasing clinical importance is attached to protecting fertility. High-dose cytostatic therapy may be expected to cause long-term infertility. Thus, the standard procedure for fertility protection is cryopreservation of ejaculated spermatozoa before therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contralateral testicular biopsies were taken from 14 azoospermic patients with malignant testicular germ cell tumors. In addition, 17 patients with malignant lymphomas underwent unilateral (n = 6) or bilateral (n = 11) testicular biopsy. The tissue specimens were cryopreserved, and the histologic workup was performed at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 14 patients with malignant testicular germ cell tumors, 6 had spermatozoa in their testicular biopsies. Sertoli cell-only syndrome was found in 5 patients, and 3 had maturation arrest without detection of spermatozoa. Successful sperm recovery was possible in 8 of the 17 patients with malignant lymphoma, 4 had Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and 5 had maturation arrest. None of the patients had evidence of secondary wound healing or treatment delay because of the testicular biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that testicular sperm extraction is a useful technique for obtaining spermatozoa before cytotoxic therapy in azoospermic cancer patients. This procedure should be considered as an option for fertility preservation in azoospermic cancer patients, because high cumulative cytostatic doses can cause irreversible fertility alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sofikitis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D012707:Sertoli Cell Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D013076:Sperm Count; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents