title: International variation in hip replacement rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarise epidemiological data on the frequency of hip replacements in the countries of the developed world, especially in countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and to investigate whether missing consensus criteria for the indication for total hip replacement (THR) result in different replacement rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Country-specific hip replacement rates were collected using the available literature, different data sources of national authorities, and estimates of leading hip replacement manufacturers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to administrative and literature data sources the reported crude primary THR rate varied between 50 and 130 procedures/100000 inhabitants in OECD countries in the 1990s. The crude overall hip implantation rate, summarising THR, partial hip replacement, and hip revision procedures, was reported to range from 60 to 200 procedures/100000 inhabitants in the late 1990s. Moreover, large national differences were seen in the relationship between total and partial hip replacement procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported differences in hip replacement rates in OECD countries are substantial. They may be due to various causes, including different coding systems, country-specific differences in the healthcare system, in total expenditure on health per capita, in the population age structure, and in different indication criteria for THR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics (RKU), University of Ulm, D 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merx
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dreinhöfer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schräder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stürmer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Puhl
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000601:surgery*; D012846:Singapore; D014481:United States