title: Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with porphyromonas gingivalis infection have atherosclerotic vascular diseases. A total of 134 non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (96 men and 38 women, aged 36 to 84 years, body mass index [BMI] 20.1 to 26.9 kg/m(2)) were studied. In conjunction with BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fasting glucose, and serum lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol) were measured. LDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula. Using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scan, we measured intimal medial thickness (IMT) in plaque-free segments of bilateral common carotid arteries, and the mean of IMT in 2 vessels was used for the analysis. Furthermore, we calculated the degree of stenosis in plaque segments of bilateral common carotid arteries. The degree of carotid atherosclerosis was expressed as a percentage ratio between the area of plaque and that of the lumen using the formula (Lumen Area Residual - Lumen Area)/Lumem Area x 100. Both the areas were automatically measured by the system on a frozen transverse scanning plane at the site of maximal narrowing. When 2 or more plaques were present in the vessel, only that causing the greatest degree of stenosis was considered for analysis. Values represent mean+/-SEM unless otherwise stated. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer against porphyromonas gingivalis was 245 +/- 65 (mean +/- 2 SD) in nondiabetic healthy subjects. In contrast, there was a wide variation in IgG titer against porphyromonas gingivalis in type 2 diabetic patients studied (range, 16 to 26,800). Thus, we classified our type 2 diabetic patients into 2 subpopulations according to the value of mean +/- 2 SD (= 310) of nondiabetic healthy subjects: one with high IgG titer against porphyromonas gingivalis (>310) (1,422 +/- 408) and the other with normal IgG titer against porphyromonas gingivalis (<310) (152 +/- 10, P =.002). The populations did not differ with respect to age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, HbA(1c), serum triglycerides, total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels. Although the mean IMT in plaque-free segments was not different between the 2 groups (0.73 +/-0.03 v 0.68 +/- 0.02 mm, P =.098), the degree of stenosis in plaque segments was significantly higher in the high IgG titer group (12.0% +/- 2.2%) than in normal one (5.5% +/- 1.4%, P =.009). From these results, it can be concluded that porphyromonas gingivalis infection, although still a subclinical infection, is associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Kansai-Denryoku Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ataru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Fusanori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroe
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000150:complications*; D001835:Body Weight; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis