title: Internal thoracic artery grafts for the entire heart at a mean of 12 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is consensus today that the long-term results of bypassing the left anterior descending artery with an internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft are superior to those of a saphenous vein graft. Our hypothesis for this study was that three-vessel revascularization with only ITA grafts would also give excellent results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using our previously described techniques to enhance the length of ITA grafts by skeletonization and high mediastinal mobilization, we were able to perform tension-free, three-vessel revascularization using only ITA grafts in 125 (83%) of a consecutive series of 150 patients with three-vessel occlusive coronary disease. We followed 100% of these 125 exclusive ITA graft patients (average of 3.9 anastomoses per patient) to their time of death (59; 47.2%) or current living status (66; 52.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined intraoperative graft flows averaged 225 mL/min. Of the 125 patients in this study (average age, 63.5 years), 121 (96.8%) lived beyond 40 days. Of these 121 patients, 55 (45%) died at a mean of 7 years postoperatively and 66 (55%) are still living at a mean of 12.1 years. Of these 121 patients, 112 (93%) had angina at baseline. Of these 112, 92 (85%) were angina free at a mean of 9.1 years postoperatively. Freedom from infarction was 100% at 5 years and 97% at 10 years. Freedom from reintervention was 90% at a mean of 9.8 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of ITA grafts for three-vessel coronary revascularization provides excellent results and is both practical and appropriate for many patients.
authors.affiliation: The Hope Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA. lsauvage@hopeheart.org
authors.forename: Lester R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Sauvage
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Roby
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gartman
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Lloyd D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome