title: Early and late reactions following the use of iopamidol 340, iomeprol 350 and iodixanol 320 in cardiac catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of early (< 24 hours) and late (> 24 hours to 7 days) reactions to 3 contrast agents commonly used in cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,108 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization in a Regional Cardiothoracic Unit were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 commonly used contrast agents in a prospective, double-blind study. The contrast agents were iopamidol 340 (Niopam ), a nonionic monomer; iomeprol 350 (Iomeron ), a nonionic dimer; and iodixanol 320 (Visipaque ), a nonionic dimer. The main outcome measures were the incidence of early (< 24 hours) reactions following catheterization and the incidence of late (24 hours to 7 days) reactions. Early reactions, excluding patients with heat on left ventriculography as the sole symptom, were relatively common (7.4%), but there was no significant difference between the 3 agents (p = 0.35). Late skin reactions, excluding reactions solely at the site of the arterial puncture and continuations of early urticarial reactions, were also relatively common (5.4%), but the incidence differed between the 3 agents. Such reactions occurred in 2.7% of those receiving iopamidol 340 (Niopam ), 3.5% of those receiving iomeprol 350 (Iomeron ) and 10.4% of those receiving iodixanol 320 (Visipaque ) (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of early adverse reactions is similar with these 3 contrast agents. However, late skin reactions are significantly more common with iodixanol 320 (Visipaque ) than with the other 2 agents. Although such reactions were rarely troublesome, patients should be advised accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Division, the James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A G C
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Linker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Belder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003287:Contrast Media; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C057937:iomeprol; C044834:iodixanol; D007479:Iopamidol