title: Concordance of patient and family report of neurobehavioral symptoms at 1 year after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine concordance between patient and family report of neurobehavioral symptoms and problems across 6 domains of function and 3 levels of injury severity at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal design with follow-up between 10 and 14 months postinjury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 267 adults with primarily moderate and severe TBI who had completed self-ratings and whose neurobehavioral symptoms had also been rated by their significant others.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory-Revised, a 70-item scale with subscales assessing frequency of symptoms in motor, somatic, memory and attention, depression, communication, and aggression domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three items showed significant differences or trends between the self- and other ratings; 18 of these were in the direction of the injured individual reporting less frequent problems. Differences were most pronounced on the depression, aggression, and memory and attention subscales. On the latter 2 subscales, patient-family concordance was higher for those with less severe injuries. However, severity effects were not clear cut. Analyses of selected rating patterns indicating clinically significant "underreporting" of symptoms revealed that these affected the depression, aggression, and memory and attention subscales more than the motor or somatic subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 1 year post-TBI, concordance between self- and other report of neurobehavioral symptoms was moderately high overall, but varied by symptom domain. For persons with moderate and severe TBI, reports from significant others may be needed for a full picture of the range, severity, and clinical importance of the patient's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. thart@einstein.edu
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polansky
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Millis
authors.forename: Flora M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bushnik
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001519:Behavior; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D011446:Prospective Studies