title: Corticosteroid use after prostate brachytherapy reduces the risk of acute urinary retention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of short-term steroids after prostate brachytherapy to reduce oedema and thus the risk of urinary retention associated with brachytherapy, as this can require surgical intervention and may even result in incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted on 400 consecutive patients with early-stage prostate cancer who underwent ultrasonography-guided transperineal brachytherapy. Androgen deprivation was given to 146 patients for 3 months before the implant and 280 received a 2-week course of dexamethasone (4 mg twice daily for 1 week then 2 mg twice daily). Forty-five patients developed acute urinary retention at a median of 12 days after implantation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for urinary retention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute urinary retention developed in 11.1% of the patients and the risk was predicted by increasing prostate volume at the time of diagnosis. This risk was higher (18.8%) for men receiving no dexamethasone and lower (8.2%) for those who did. In the multivariate analysis the volume at diagnosis and the use of dexamethasone remained significant. The use of steroids counterbalanced the effect of increasing prostate volume on the incidence of retention. The risk of retention was higher in those men receiving androgen deprivation to shrink their prostates than in those whose prostates were of suitable size for implantation at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing prostate volume by androgen deprivation before brachytherapy may be less important in preventing brachytherapy-related urinary retention than the use of corticosteroids to reduce oedema afterward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daller
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grocela
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Babayan
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zietman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone