title: Noninvasive serial evaluation of myocardial mechanics in pressure overload hypertrophy of rabbit myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The determination of progression from afterload mismatch to myocardial failure in small animals requires invasive monitoring to assess ventricular pressure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to (1) validate the noninvasive determination of blood pressure using optical plethysmography, and (2) determine the time course and progression from afterload mismatch to myocyte failure in neonatal rabbits with coarctation (aortic banding at 7-10 days of life) compared to normal rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of continuous arterial pressure determined by optical plethysmography with high-fidelity intraarterial recording was performed in nine animals. An accuracy of 5.9 +/- 4.7 and 9.2 +/- 6.9 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was noted. Fourier analysis confirmed similar frequency components. Simultaneous transthoracic echocardiography and optical plethysmography were serially performed in 33 banded and 13 control animals. Load-dependent and -independent measures of myocardial function were obtained. Midwall contractility, initially normal, showed a gradual significant deterioration (0.22 +/- 1.68 [week 3] to -1.36 +/- 1.24 [week 6]; Z-scores).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel noninvasive method for determination of myocardial mechanics allows for serial evaluation of cardiac function and the determination of the time course from compensated hypertrophy to myocyte failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friehs
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stamm
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Francis X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: del Nido
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Colan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology