Insulin analogues: new therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Insulin therapy is ultimately necessary for the control of blood glucose in a majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of previously available rapid-, intermediate-, and long-acting preparations make sustained normoglycemia almost impossible. Advances in molecular genetic engineering have made possible the development of insulin analogues with pharmacokinetics that more closely mimic the needs of patients with type 2 diabetes. In the following article, we explore the insulin analogues currently available for clinical use, their pharmacokinetics, and the rationale for their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and follow-up with a brief examination of future developments.
Bethel
M Angelyn
MA
Department of Medicine, Box 3921, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. bethe002@mc.duke.edu
Feinglos
Mark N
MN
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D061267:Insulin Aspart