title: The fungicidal activity of novel nanoemulsion (X8W60PC) against clinically important yeast and filamentous fungi.
abstract: Surfactant nanoemulsions are water in oil preparations that proved to have a broad spectrum biocidal activity against a variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, spores and enveloped viruses. These preparations are non-toxic to the skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tissues at biocidal concentrations. In this study, 0.1% of the nanoemulsion designated X8W60PC has shown fungicidal activity against yeast including Candida albicans and C. tropicalis in 15 minutes. C. tropicalis was more sensitive than C. albicans, which required a longer time or a higher concentration of the nanoemulsion to achieve killing. Neutral to slightly alkaline pH was more effective in killing the yeast cells than acidic pH. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay, 0.08% of the nanoemulsion was inhibitory to C. albicans, and parapsilosis and filamentous fungi including Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. None of the individual ingredients was as effective a fungicidal as the nanoemulsion at equivalent concentration. This shows that the nanoemulsion structure is an important factor in the anti-fungal activity. The X8W60PC has great potential as a topical anti-fungal agent and further investigation into the mechanism of fungicidal action is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Center for Biologic Nanotechnology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myc
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vanhecke
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamouda
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004655:Emulsions; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents