title: Pronuclear and morphological features as a cumulative score to select embryos in ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) cycles according to sperm origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze best parameter to select embryos according to sperm origin in ICSI cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-two ICSI cycles were divided among three different groups: A (ejaculated spermatozoa from nonmale factor infertility), B (ejaculated spermatozoa from oligospermia), and C (spermatozoa from azoospermia). Embryos were divided on Day 1 into two patterns: S0 (pronuclei (PN) aligned and close with normal arrangement of nucleoli) and S1 (when these characteristics were absent) and also on transfer day according to morphological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relationships of PN patterns related to sperm origin were noted. More S0 embryos were detected with better sperm quality. Higher number of good quality embryos was obtained when male factor was absent. Ejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa provide better quality embryos than do testicular spermatozoa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PN classification associated with transfer day morphology is valuable additional noninvasive criterion for elective embryo transfer, mainly in the cases with severe male factor.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Department of Fertility, Assisted Fertilization Center, São Paulo, Brazil. fertility@fertility.com.br
authors.forename: Lia Mara
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rossi-Ferragut
authors.forename: Assumpto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iaconelli
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Claudia Chagas
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Daniela Regina
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Fábio Firmbach
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pasqualotto
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D004542:Ejaculation; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004822:Epididymis / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology; D015053:Zygote / Q000648:ultrastructure*