title: Therapeutic extradural cortical stimulation for movement disorders: a review.
abstract: Extradural motor cortex stimulation was introduced in 1989 for control of central pain. In recent years this has been found useful in several patients with movement disorders. This paper attempts to bring together all the relevant literature, discuss mechanisms and lay out guidelines for future research and clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Molinette, Hospital, Turin, Italy. solara@infinito.it
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canavero
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bonicalzi
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paolotti
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greco-Crasto
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Ottavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Davini
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004388:Dura Mater; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000628:therapy*