title: Adipose tissue cellularity and apoptosis after intracerebroventricular injections of leptin and 21 days of recovery in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of leptin and post-treatment recovery on adipose tissue cellularity and apoptosis. In addition, to investigate whether Bcl-2 and/or Bax is involved in the mechanism of leptin-induced adipose tissue apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.c.v. with either 10 microg mouse leptin or 10 microl vehicle once per day for 4 days. At 24 h after the last injection, one group was killed while the other was monitored for 21 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA fragmentation and Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels were determined in inguinal (ING), epididymal (EPI) and retroperitoneal (RP) white adipose tissues and the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). Cellularity was determined in ING and EPI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin significantly reduced the masses of all white fat pads [RPINGEPI] but not BAT. Cell volume was significantly reduced in EPI and ING. Only ING had a significantly reduced cell number from leptin treatment plus exhibited apoptosis by increased DNA fragmentation and DNA laddering, and upregulation of pro-apoptosis Bax protein. The other fat pads exhibited a general trend to increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Recovery allowed for normalization of white fat pad mass, cell number and cell volume; however, BAT mass increased 42% over control. After recovery, apoptosis was not detected, Bcl-2 protein had increased in ING, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio had risen overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Central administration of mouse leptin in the rat targets white fat depots individually to reduce mass by a reduction in cell volume plus adipocyte deletion in, at least, the ING fat pad by Bax-mediated apoptosis. Even after a dramatic loss in adipose tissue mass and change in cellularity, the rat demonstrates a resilient return to control levels together with an increase in factors that prevent adipocyte loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Gullicksen
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hausman
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hartzell
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baile
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D020738:Leptin; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein