title: The seriously ill hospitalized patient: preferred role in end-of-life decision making?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to further our understanding of the decision-making process near the end of life. Specifically, we ascertained the seriously ill patients' preferred role in the decision-making process, what factors were associated with this role, and how this stated preference related to physicians' perception of preferred role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with end-stage congestive heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, or metastatic cancer. Eligible patients were interviewed to ascertain their personal views on end-of-life decision making, desired role, and level of symptoms experienced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 135 patients were enrolled in this study. The majority of patients (103, 76%) had thought about end-of-life issues although only 48 (36%) had discussed them with their doctor in the hospital. With respect to preferred role in decision making, in the scenario of a competent patient, 14 (10%) preferred to leave all decisions to the doctor, 12 (9%) preferred that the doctor make the final decision after considering their opinion, 43 (32%) preferred that the doctor shared responsibility with them to make the decision, 32 (24%) patients preferred to make the final decision after considering the doctor's opinion, 21 (16%) preferred to make the treatment decision alone, and 13 (10%) did not answer. Physicians were not able to accurately predict patient's preferred role nor could the variability in patient choice be accounted for by demographic or symptom covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seriously ill hospitalized patients desire to discuss end-of-life issues with their physicians but their preferred role in decision making is variable and difficult to predict.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. dkh2@post.queensu.ca
authors.forename: Daren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Heyland
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tranmer
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Amiram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gafni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000458:organization & administration*