title: Risk factors for injury in middle school football players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the frequency of or risk factors for injuries in middle school or junior high school football players.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations of player characteristics (injury history, conditioning, player position, special equipment) and physical parameters (body mass index, weight, height, grip strength) with risk of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We documented risk factors for injury in 646 middle school football players, 10 to 15 years of age, in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, school district during the 1998 and 1999 seasons. Player characteristics and physical parameters were measured at the beginning of both seasons. Logistic regression methods were used to determine whether baseline variables were associated with the odds of subsequent injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More playing experience was the only variable significantly associated with the risk of injury in multivariate analyses. This association was observed regardless of the type of injury and even after indirectly controlling for time at risk of injury by restricting analyses to first-string players. Increasing age was significantly associated with the risk of fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that physical characteristics play a minor role in risk of injury from football in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73118, USA.
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Turbeville
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Nabih R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Asal
authors.forename: Willis L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D001824:Body Constitution; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013178:Sports Medicine