title: Antitumor activity of Virulizin, a novel biological response modifier (BRM) in a panel of human pancreatic cancer and melanoma xenografts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the anticancer efficacy of Virulizin in vivo as a single agent or in combination with conventional drugs in human pancreatic tumor and melanoma xenografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The therapeutic effect of Virulizin was evaluated in a series of human tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Virulizin had a high level of antitumor activity against all the pancreatic tumors (BxPC-3, SU 86.86. and Mia-PaCa-2) and melanomas (C8161 and A2058), as indicated by suppression of tumor growth with an optimal T/C value of <or=40% when administered as a single agent. No significant changes in Virulizin antitumor activity were observed when different schedules (3 days/week vs 7 days/week) or routes of administration (i.p. vs i.m.) were used. In combination therapy, Virulizin significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil against pancreatic tumors and of dacarbazine against metastatic melanomas, as reflected by a further decrease in tumor growth as compared to tumors in animals treated with the conventional drugs alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that Virulizin effectively inhibits the growth of solid human pancreatic tumors and melanomas in the xenograft model.
authors.affiliation: Lorus Therapeutics Inc, 2 Meridian Road, ON M9W 4Z7, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Ningping
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hongnan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Caigan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jim A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Aiping H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C087098:virulizin