title: Cardiac troponin T and malondialdehyde modified plasma lipids in haemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), treated with haemodialysis, a high overall mortality is observed. A previous study showed that cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a strong independent predictor of outcome in this population. In this study we investigated possible causes of cTnT increase and its relationship with a marker of oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a group of 71 haemodialysis patients (36 male, 35 female, mean age 68.7+/-1.5 years) we determined cTnT and compared its presence with several biochemical parameters and with malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of oxidative stress. None of the patients suffered an acute coronary event during the observation period. Three measurements of cTnT and MDA were performed with a 2-week interval. Forty-nine patients underwent a transthoracic echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients (or 40.8%) had a positive cTnT determination (defined as cTnT >/=0.10 ng/ml). cTnT positive patients had significantly higher levels of MDA (P=0.0125), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P=0.04) and pre-dialysis urea (P=0.04). Regression analysis showed that both pre-dialysis urea and MDA independently influenced cTnT. No correlation was found with age, dialysis adequacy, post-dialysis urea, total cholesterol, white blood cell count, fibrinogen or any of the echocardiographical parameters. Presence of heart failure, diabetes or use of medication could not discriminate between cTnT positive and cTnT negative patients. MDA levels correlated positively with time on haemodialysis (P=0.0021). Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 88% of the examined patients and impaired wall motion in 35%. Patients with clinical signs of heart failure had a lower ejection fraction and worse wall motion score index. No correlation existed between echocardiographic findings and cTnT or MDA. Survival was independently predicted by cTnT (P=0.0025), MDA (P=0.0007), CRP (P=0.006) and age (P=0.0143). Patients with both cTnT and CRP increase had a survival of <50% at 1 year, compared with 90% in patients with both cTnT and CRP within the normal range and 80% when either CRP or cTnT was increased (chi(2)=12.127; P=0.0023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the presence of cTnT predicts prognosis in ESRD. The presence of cTnT is linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and uraemia. The absence of specific findings on EKG and echocardiography points towards subclinical myocardial damage caused by endothelial disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deman
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van den Branden
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stolear
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Camp
authors.forename: Dierik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verbeelen
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D020107:Troponin T; D008315:Malondialdehyde