title: [Ureteral stricture after ESWL for ureteral calculi].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many reports on the effects of ESWL, but few reports on the complications, especially remaining ureteral stricture after this treatment. Therefore we have retrospectively reviewed our cases to define the predisposing factors of this complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1991 we have treated urolithiasis with ESWL using a Siemens Lithostar for the first therapy. We had 16 cases of ureteral stricture after this treatment. Ureteral stricture is the most common complication after ESWL treatment. To define the risk factor of the stricture we have compared 549 cases that were successfully treated between 1994 and 1996 without this complication. In these two groups we examined ages, sexes, chief complaints, size, position and components of the calculi, the degree of hydronephrosis, the frequency of ESWL, the presence of urinary tract infection, the duration of stone impaction and the after endourological treatment using multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with the stone incidentally found and those with the UTI seemed to be more frequently associated with ureteral stricture, however there was not a significant difference. The hydronephrosis more than grade 3 (p = 0.025), the frequency of ESWL (p = 0.0325) and the after endourological treatment, especially TUL (p = 0.0184) were statistically significant among the other factors. The stricture occurred in 5 out of 29 patients with the hydronephrosis of grade 4 and 5 between 1994 and 1996.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We should carefully treat patients with grade 3 or more hydronephrosis with ESWL. We should not repeatedly treat the patients with ESWL. We should take care of TUL treatment after ESWL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tachikawa Kyosai Hospital, Tachikawa City, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujioka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*