title: Induction of invasive phenotype by Casodex in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells.
abstract: The cellular mechanisms of anti-androgen-induced tumor regression have not been investigated in great detail. We have compared the induction of cell death in the androgen-dependent, non-invasive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line by Casodex and TNF-alpha. Both agents induce a dose and time-dependent decrease in cell viability in vitro. However, Casodex does not induce classical DNA fragmentation to oligonucleosomes typically induced by TNF-alpha, but rather induces cleavage to form intermediate 60 kb DNA fragments. RT-PCR based analysis demonstrates that in LNCaP cells Casodex coordinately alters the expression of steady-state level of mRNAs of several matrix metalloproteases and their cognate inhibitors (most notably MMP2 and TIMP1). Zymography and reverse zymography confirm that the ratio of metalloprotease(s) to inhibitor(s) is altered in favor of activation of the proteases. In a small percentage of the treated LNCaP cells, the activation of the extracellular matrix (ECM)-proteases by Casodex also induces an invasive phenotype. The acquisition of an invasive phenotype is not seen when LNCaP cells are treated with TNF-alpha, and is not seen when the LNCaP cells are treated with both compounds simultaneously, suggesting that the phenomenon may be specific to particular classes of compounds. These observations have significant implications in the treatment of prostate cancer, since the appearance of a more aggressive phenotype following treatment is clearly undesirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Edmund Chun Yu
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Packman
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tenniswood
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009570:Nitriles; D010641:Phenotype; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C053541:bicalutamide