title: Relationship of slow conduction detected by pace-mapping to ventricular tachycardia re-entry circuit sites after infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to characterize the relationship of conduction delays detected by pace-mapping, evident as a stimulus to QRS interval (S-QRS) delay >or=40 ms, to ventricular tachycardia (VT) re-entry circuit isthmuses defined by entrainment and ablation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Areas of slow conduction and block in old infarcts cause re-entrant VT.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 patients with VT after infarction, pace-mapping was performed at 890 sites. Stimulus to QRS intervals were measured and plotted in three-dimensional reconstructions of the left ventricle. Conduction delay was defined as >or=40 ms and marked delay as >80 ms. The locations of conduction delays were compared to the locations of 14 target areas, defined as the region within a radius of 2 cm of a re-entry circuit isthmus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pacing captured at 829 sites; 465 (56%) had no S-QRS delay, 364 (44%) had a delay >or=40 ms, and 127 (15%) had a delay >80 ms. Sites with delays were clustered in 14 discrete regions, 13 of which overlapped target regions. Only 1 of the 14 target regions was not related to an area of S-QRS delay. Sites with marked delays >80 ms were more often in the target (52%) than sites with delays 40 to 80 ms (29%) (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of abnormal conduction during pace-mapping can be used to focus mapping during induced VT to a discrete region of the infarct. Further study is warranted to determine if targeting regions of conduction delay may allow ablation of VT during stable sinus rhythm without mapping during VT.
authors.affiliation: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Corinna B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Brunckhorst
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delacretaz
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Shlomo A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ben-Haim
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome