title: Epithelial ovarian tumors in children: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epithelial tumors of the ovary account for about 15% of pediatric ovarian masses. The authors reviewed a 14-year experience with ovarian masses to understand the spectrum of pathology, presentation, and outcome of children with epithelial lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  All ovarian masses resected or biopsied at the authors' institution from 1988 to the present were reviewed retrospectively. Patient age, presenting symptoms, operative procedures, postoperative treatment, and outcome were obtained from the medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 240 cases were identified. A total of 123 (51.2%) were nonneoplastic in nature. Of the 117 neoplastic masses, 79 (67.5%) were germ cell tumors and nineteen (16.2%) were epithelial-derived tumors. Patients with epithelial tumors had a mean age of 13.9 +/- 4 years. Ten patients (52.6%) presented with abdominal pain, and 9 (47.4%) presented with an asymptomatic mass. Eleven underwent oophorectomy, 6 underwent cystectomy, and 2 had biopsy alone. Four patients (21%) had ascites, and 1 (5.3%) had a pleural effusion. The histopathologic diagnoses for the epithelial tumors included 9 serous cystadenomas (47%) and 3 mucinous cystadenomas (16%), 3 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (16%), and 4 serous tumors of borderline malignancy (21%). Two patients (11%) had bilateral disease. Four patients (21%) underwent a subsequent laparotomy for either staging or recurrence, and 2 patients (11%) required chemotherapy. One patient (5.3%) died of ovarian adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epithelial tumors comprise a small but significant proportion of pediatric ovarian masses. The pediatric surgeon must understand the biologic characteristics, operative management, and follow-up treatment of these tumors, and how these differ from germ cell lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morowitz
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Allmen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018282:Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000453:epidemiology; D018291:Cystadenoma, Mucinous / Q000453:epidemiology; D018293:Cystadenoma, Serous / Q000453:epidemiology; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome