title: Causes, investigation and treatment of leg ulceration.
abstract: Chronic ulceration of the lower leg is a frequent condition, with a prevalence of 3-5% in the population over 65 years of age. The incidence of ulceration is rising as a result of the ageing population and increased risk factors for atherosclerotic occlusion such as smoking, obesity and diabetes. Ulcers can be defined as wounds with a 'full thickness depth' and a 'slow healing tendency'. In general, the slow healing tendency is not simply explained by depth and size, but caused by an underlying pathogenetic factor that needs to be removed to induce healing. The main causes are venous valve insufficiency, lower extremity arterial disease and diabetes. Less frequent conditions are infection, vasculitis, skin malignancies and ulcerating skin diseases such as pyoderma gangrenosum. But even rarer conditions exist, such as the recently discovered combination of vasculitis and hypercoagulability. For a proper treatment of patients with leg ulcers, it is important to be aware of the large differential diagnosis of leg ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.r.mekkes@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mekkes
authors.forename: M A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loots
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van Der Wal
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000209:etiology; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000150:complications; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000150:complications