title: Application of genomics to toxicology research.
abstract: Traditional models of toxicity have relied on dissecting chemical action into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. However, the integration of genomic information with toxicology will enhance our basic understanding of these processes and significantly change the way we apply toxicological information to risk assessment and regulatory problems. In this article, we summarize the application of gene expression information and polymorphism discovery to four areas in toxicology: toxicity testing, cross-species extrapolation, understanding mechanism of action, and susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. rthomas@kalypsys.com
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rank
authors.forename: Sharron G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Penn
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zastrow
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pande
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Stevan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jovanovich
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bradfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D005544:Forecasting; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014116:Toxicology / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants