title: Surgical management of urogenital injuries at a war hospital in Bosnia-Hrzegovina, 1992 to 1995.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our experience with urogenital surgery during the Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict of 1992 to 1995 is compared with data from previous wars and peacetime practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5,370 wounded patients, including 136 (2.5%) with 1 or more urogenital injuries, were treated at a war hospital in northern Bosnia-Herzegovina during 37 months. The hospital was based at a village school and was poorly equipped but it was only 10 to 16 km. from the front line and average transportation time was 30 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 136 patients 72 (52.9%) were injured by explosive weapons, while the other 64 (47.1%) had bullet wounds. The 169 urogenital injuries were to the kidney in 65 cases (38.5%), scrotum in 44 (26%), bladder in 23 (13.6%), penis in 16 (9.5%), urethra in 9 (5.3%), ureter in 6 (3.6%) and other in 6. There was associated damage to organs other than the urogenital system in 116 patients (85.3%). Preference was given to organ sparing operations when possible, but 33.8% of renal injuries required nephrectomy and orchidectomy was performed for 58.3% of testicular injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In war settings when injuries are often severe and multiple, and the hospital may lack staff, instruments and other medical supplies, the surgeon frequently must improvise. Even so, the results achieved need not fall far below those of peacetime surgery provided that, as in this hospital in Bosnia-Herzegovina, wounded patients present to the surgeon rapidly, they are young and the surgeons are experienced with the management of war injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zagreb University Hospital, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tvrtko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hudolin
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hudolin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014857:Warfare; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*