title: Ocular hypotensive effects of cholinergic and adrenergic drugs may be influenced by prostaglandins E2 in the human and rabbit eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) in vivo. Various cholinergic and adrenergic compounds are traditionally used as antiglaucoma drugs, and their effect on IOP reduction is antagonised by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indicating a role for eicosanoids in their hypotensive activity. One of the most potent antiglaucoma drugs, PG2 alpha (Latanoprost), reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow and also increases PGE2 production by the iris and ciliary body in vivo. We investigated whether cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma drugs induce the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro by: 1) the iris-ciliary body (ICB) of rabbits and, 2) irises of glaucoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilocarpine 2%, epinephrine 1% and echothiophate iodide 0.125% were applied topically to both eyes of Albino rabbits. Control groups were treated with the corresponding vehicles, or untreated completely. Human iris specimens were obtained from nine untreated cataract eyes, and five eyes under antiglaucoma medication undergoing surgery. PGE2 were determined by a radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGE2 production by the ICB of treated rabbits in vitro was twice that of vehicle-treated or untreated rabbit eyes (p<0.001, for either group). In vitro PGE2 production by treated glaucoma patients' irises was three times higher (p<0.001) than in cataract control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study found an increase in in vitro production of PGE2 by the irises of eyes treated with cholinergic and adrenergic antiglaucoma medications. This suggests a role for endogenous PG production in the hypotensive effect of both classes of drug.
authors.affiliation: Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Tsrifin, Israel. Audrey_messas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaplan-Messas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naveh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D007498:Iris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015814:Ocular Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D004456:Echothiophate Iodide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004837:Epinephrine