title: Astaxanthin limits exercise-induced skeletal and cardiac muscle damage in mice.
abstract: Dietary antioxidants may attenuate oxidative damage from strenuous exercise in various tissues. Beneficial effects of the antioxidant astaxanthin have been demonstrated in vitro, but not yet in vivo. We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on oxidative damage induced by strenuous exercise in mouse gastrocnemius and heart. C57BL/6 mice (7 weeks old) were divided into groups: rested control, intense exercise, and exercise with astaxanthin supplementation. After 3 weeks of exercise acclimation, both exercise groups ran on a treadmill at 28 m/min until exhaustion. Exercise-increased 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified protein and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in gastrocnemius and heart were blunted in the astaxanthin group. Increases in plasma creatine kinase activity, and in myeloperoxidase activity in gastrocnemius and heart, also were lessened by astaxanthin. Astaxanthin showed accumulation in gastrocnemius and heart from the 3 week supplementation. Astaxanthin can attenuate exercise-induced damage in mouse skeletal muscle and heart, including an associated neutrophil infiltration that induces further damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan. waoi@basic.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aoi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuchide
authors.forename: Harukuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maoka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyokuni
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000975:Antioxidants; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C005948:astaxanthine; D009195:Peroxidase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine