title: Regulation of hematopoietic-specific G-protein Galpha15 and Galpha16 by protein kinase C.
abstract: Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate cell growth and differentiation by coupling cell surface receptors to intracellular effector enzymes. The G-protein alpha subunit, Galpha(16), and its murine homologue Galpha(15), are expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells and their expression is highly regulated during differentiation of normal and leukemic cells. In this study, we examined the phosphorylation of Galpha(15)/Galpha(16) and its role in receptor and effector coupling. We observed a PMA-stimulated intact cell phosphorylation of Galpha(15) in COS7 cells transfected with Galpha(15) and protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha), and phosphorylation of endogenous Galpha(16) in HL60 cells. We also showed that peptides derived from the two G-proteins were phosphorylated in vitro using purified brain PKC. Furthermore, we identified the putative phosphorylation site and showed that mutation or deletion of this PKC phosphorylation site inhibited phospholipase C (PLC) activation. The behavior of double mutants with the constitutively active G-protein mutation (QL-mutant) and mutation in the putative phosphorylation site suggests that the phosphorylation site of Galpha(15/16) is essential for receptor-coupled activation of PLC, but not for direct interaction of the G-protein with PLC-beta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chunzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xiushan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mingyao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019556:COS Cells; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; C112631:G protein alpha 16; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins