title: LBNP as useful tool for pilot candidates selection to the Polish Air Force: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candidates to the Polish Air Force are to fulfill strict medical conditions. Every candidate, wanting to become a fighter pilot or not, has to pass a rigorous centrifuge examination. This is a costly and especially stressful process for the candidates, as first-timers. This article explores possibility for different approach to candidates fitness to fly assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 candidates (21-22 yrs old) were subjected to a regular GOR centrifuge profile (0.1 G/s; up to +7.0 Gz; unprotected) and to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) examination (2 min. rest period followed by 3 min. at -40 mm Hg; supine position). Both, centrifuge and LBNP examinations were carried out the same day, with about 1 hour gap between them. ECG and impedance cardiography (ICG) were being recorded during both tests. The following parameters were calculated: HR and QZ (time between ventricular depolarization [beginning of the Q wave in ECG] and local maximum of the first derivative [dZ/dt] in ICG). QZ was considered to be an effective measure of dynamic heart function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  +Gz tolerance for the group was +5.94 +/- 0.98 Gz. Correlation between +Gz tolerance and QZ values during LBNP test (-40 mm Hg) for all subjects was equal to r=0.6. Correlation between sets of parameters (canonical analysis) for LBNP and centrifuge was equal to r=0.78. Both results were statistically insignificant (p<0.09). Baseline HR values were 121 +/- 19 bpm and 75 +/- 12 bpm, and maximal HR values were 172 +/- 21 bpm and 81 +/- 13 bpm, respectively for centrifuge and LBNP. For both, baseline and maximal HR during LBNP and G exposure canonical correlation was equal to r=0.72. The results were statistically not significant, however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Centrifuge examination is much more stressful than LBNP test. This could have implication on the objective results of centrifuge test. The results may suggest that LBNP test could be a used in pilot candidates selection, especially those presenting high baseline HR values.
authors.affiliation: Polish Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romuald
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mariusz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Artur
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krzysztof
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002498:Centrifugation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008889:Military Personnel; D010560:Personnel Selection; D011044:Poland