title: Growth factor expression in a murine model of cryoglobulinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased expression of growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are thought to play pivotal roles during mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) transgenic mice develop mixed cryoglobulinemia and a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Here we describe the renal expression of isoforms of PDGF and TGF-beta in relation to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) components and markers of cell proliferation and activation in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 123 mice, including 61 TSLP transgenic mice and 62 wild-type controls, were sacrificed at defined intervals. PDGF-A chain, -B chain, PDGF alpha- and beta-receptor (beta-R) and TGF-beta1 mRNA were analyzed by in situ hybridization. Expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), collagen type I, collagen type IV, laminin, and a marker of proliferating cells (PCNA) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Slides also were studied by combined immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization with an antibody that recognizes monocytes/macrophage and with riboprobes that detect PDGF B-chain, PDGF beta-R or TGF-beta1 mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased numbers of proliferating glomerular cells appeared early in the disease course, associated with de novo expression of alphaSMA. Expression of PDGF B-chain and beta-R mRNA was increased in the mesangium and in parietal epithelial cells of TSLP transgenic mice and correlated with the number of PCNA positive cells. Increased TGF-beta1 mRNA expression paralleled the deposition of type IV collagen. A significant proportion of Mac-2 positive macrophages expressed TGF-beta1 mRNA, while only a small percentage of glomerular macrophages expressed PDGF B-chain mRNA. No PDGF beta-R mRNA expression by macrophages was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSLP transgenic mice develop a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in which glomerular cell proliferation and matrix deposition are associated with an increased expression of PDGF B-chain, PDGF beta-R and TGF-beta1. These findings extend the paradigms covering these growth factors established in the rat Thy 1 model of mesangiolysis and repairs to a murine model of progressive glomerulonephritis closely resembling human MPGN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Sekiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneda
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hudkins
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Farr
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Alpers
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segerer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000235:genetics; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D016207:Cytokines; D007797:Laminin; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin; C000721967:TSLP protein, mouse