title: The effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase levels in normal dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine adult mixed breed dogs weighing between 18 and 27 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty micro L of 0.25% demecarium bromide were applied to one eye of each dog every 8 h for 6 days. Blood was analyzed for AChE levels prior to commencement of eye drops, and at 45 min, 1 h 45 min, 4 h 45 min, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days following commencement of eye drops using a 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetylcholinesterase levels declined over the first 24 h following commencement of demecarium administration in most dogs. This decline was highly variable and was statistically significant by 24 h. In some individuals AChE levels were suppressed to levels approaching clinical toxicity. By day 3 AChE levels had risen to levels above baseline in most dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical ocular application of demecarium causes transient suppression of systemic acetylcholinesterase levels in most dogs. Acetylcholinesterase levels generally do not fall to toxic levels, but may do so in certain individuals. Demecarium bromide eye drops generally do not cause AChE toxicity, but dogs receiving such therapy should be monitored for signs of AChE toxicity, and concomitant use of other AChE inhibitors should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071, USA. dward@utk.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abney
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C100193:demecarium