title: Increased polymorphonuclear infiltration and iatrogenic amniotic band after closure of fetoscopic access sites with a bioactive membrane in the rabbit at midgestation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of closing the fetoscopy access site in a midgestational rabbit model by using a commercially available bioactive membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetoscopy was performed in a total of 100 gestational sacs in 20 does at midgestation (23 days, term = 31 days). In 50 cases (group 1), the fetoscopic access port was closed with a 5-mm patch of biocompatible matrix derived from porcine small intestine containing growth factors (transforming growth factor-beta and fibroblast growth factor-beta). Fifty sacs served as positive controls (group 2) and 55 unoperated fetuses were used as negative controls (group 3). At 30 days of gestation, a second-look laparotomy was performed. Outcome parameters were fetal weight, fetal lung weight, fetal lung-to-body weight ratio, and microscopy of the plugging site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Membrane integrity after fetoscopy was restored in 28 of the 40 (70%) of cases in group 1 versus 13 of the 32 (41%) in group 2 (P =.012). Birth weights were comparable (group 1: 30.65 +/- 5.68 g; group 2: 29.70 +/- 5.05 g; group 3: 29.52 +/- 6.25 g; NS), but fetal lung weight (group 1: 0.964 +/- 0.20 g; group 2: 0.798 +/- 0.17 g; P <.01) and fetal lung-to-body weight ratio (group 1: 0.032 +/- 0.0067; group 2: 0.027 +/- 0.0082; P <.05) were significantly higher in the study group. In group 1, cellular proliferation was significantly increased. Polymorphonuclear infiltration was observed in 19 of the 40 (48%) cases in group 1 versus 5 of the 32 (16%) cases in group 2 (P <.05). In one treated sac, a fibrous band joining the two fetal legs without constriction was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a bioactive membrane improved fetal membrane repair rates and decreased incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia in the rabbit but increased polymorphonuclear infiltration. In one amniotic sac, a situation comparable to amniotic band syndrome was documented.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals, K. U. Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devlieger
authors.forename: Hilko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ardon
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verbist
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratacós
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pijnenborg
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Deprest
mesh_terms: D000652:Amniotic Band Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000002:abnormalities; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D011817:Rabbits; D012449:Safety; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013552:Swine; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2