Inducible nitric oxide synthase is involved in acid-induced gastric hyperemia in rats and mice.
The role of different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the gastric mucosal hyperemia, induced by 155 mM luminal hydrochloric acid (pH approximately 0.8) without a barrier breaker, was investigated. Rats were anesthetized with Inactin (120 mg/kg ip), and mice were anesthetized with Forene (2.2% in 40% oxygen gas at 150 ml/min); the gastric mucosa was exteriorized. Gastric mucosal blood flow was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in rats treated with Nomega-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; unspecific NOS inhibitor), l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine [l-NIL; inducible (i) NOS inhibitor], or S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline [SMTC; neuronal (n) NOS inhibitor], 10 mg/kg, followed by 3 mg. kg-1. h-1 iv, in iNOS-deficient (-/-) and nNOS(-/-) mice. mRNA was isolated from the gastric mucosa in iNOS(-/-) and wild-type (wt) mice, and real-time RT-PCR was performed. The effect of 155 mM acid on gastric mucosal permeability was determined by measuring the clearance of 51Cr-EDTA from blood to lumen. LDF increased by 48 +/- 13% during 155 mM HCl luminally, an increase that was abolished by l-NNA, SMTC, or l-NIL. In iNOS wt mice, LDF increased by 33 +/- 8% during luminal acid. The blood flow increase was attenuated substantially in iNOS(-/-) mice. RT-PCR revealed iNOS mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa in the iNOS wt groups. The blood flow increase in response to acid was not abolished in nNOS(-/-) mice (nNOS-sufficient mice, 39 +/- 18%; heterozygous mice, 25 +/- 19%; -/- mice, 19 +/- 7%). Mucosal permeability was transiently increased during 155 mM HCl. The results suggest that iNOS is constitutively expressed in the gastric mucosa and is involved in acid-induced hyperemia, suggesting a novel role for iNOS in gastric mucosal protection.
Phillipson
Mia
M
Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Mia.Phillipson@medcellbiol.uu.se
Henriksnäs
Johanna
J
Holstad
Maria
M
Sandler
Stellan
S
Holm
Lena
L
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019335:Nitroarginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid