Interpersonal stress and depression in women.
The article presents a review and discussion of several aspects of the interpersonal context in which depression occurs that are unique to women. Women commonly experience depression in response to interpersonal life events, and also they contribute to the occurrence of stressful events and life contexts. Four key topics are reviewed: childrearing and parenting; romantic and marital relationships; generation of stressful life events; enduring social dysfunction even when not depressed. It is argued that depressed women are often locked into maladaptive interpersonal environments that contribute to the recurrence or chronicity of depression. Implications for treatment, conceptualization, and future research are noted.
Hammen
Constance
C
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. hammen@psych.ucla.edu
D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008016:Life Change Events; D008149:Love; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D012931:Social Environment