title: Inhibitory effects on selected oral bacteria of antibacterial agents incorporated in a glass ionomer cement.
abstract: The objectives of the study were to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy, over time, of combining antibacterial agents with a glass ionomer cement (GIC). This was assessed using an agar diffusion test. Chlorhexidine hydrochloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimide and benzalkonium chloride were added to Fuji IX GIC at 0, 1, 2 and 4% w/w. Antibacterial-GIC specimens were placed onto agar plates inoculated with one of six bacterial species (Streptococcis, Lactobacillus, and Actinomyces, two each) and the area of inhibition calculated after 24 h incubation. The experiment was repeated weekly and at week 11 the surface of the specimen was abraded prior to replacing on inoculated agar plates. Control specimens of the GIC produced no bacterial inhibition. The antibacterial-GIC combination specimens showed significant inhibition which decreased at different rates over the test period. Resurfacing of the specimens showed a dramatic increase of antibacterial action similar to levels produced on week 1. CT-GIC showed the greatest (p < 0.005) inhibitory effect throughout the experimental period for 4 out of 6 test bacteria. The addition of antibacterial agents to Fuji IX creates a GIC material with significant antimicrobial action in vitro which is dependent on concentration and type of antibacterial agent, and appears to be associated primarily with a release of the antibacterial from the surface layer of the specimen.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, China. botelho@hku.hk
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Botelho
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004058:Diffusion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C110713:fuji IX; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D000077286:Cetrimonium