title: Assessment of manual restorative treatment (MRT) with amalgam in high-caries Filipino children: results after 2 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), using only hand instruments and glass-ionomer cement as adhesive material is recommended for restorative dental treatment in disadvantaged communities lacking electricity and sophisticated dental equipment. Research is required on more durable restorative materials appropriate for populations with high-caries experience.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the applicability and effectiveness of an encapsulated amalgam as restorative material in ART prepared cavities in permanent teeth of children with high-caries rates. As the definition of ART restricts the manual treatment to adhesive materials the approach used is called the manual restorative treatment (MRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dentists and two trained healthcare workers, using hand instruments and an encapsulated amalgam that was mixed with a manually driven triturator, placed a total of 934 restorations in the permanent dentition in 466 children. Due to irregular school attendance of Filipino children only 611 restorations could be evaluated by one independent dentist. The average age at reassessment of restorations was 27 +/- 4.5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  93.3% of the restorations were acceptable. The failure rate of occlusal surface restorations was 5.6% compared with 13.6% of buccal surface fillings. The survival rate of large occlusal restorations was 95.1% compared with 93.7% for small restorations. The survival of MRT restorations was not influenced by the experience and professional level of the operator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amalgam is a suitable MRT material, especially for extensive occlusal lesions in high-caries populations. Studies of longer duration are needed to confirm this finding.
authors.affiliation: Committee of German Doctors, Elsheimerstr. 9, D-6022 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. bella.monse-schneider@t-online.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Monse-Schneider
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinrich-Weltzien
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schug
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheiham
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borutta
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010679:Philippines; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003723:Dental Amalgam