title: Fit of implant frameworks: an in vitro comparison between two fabrication techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that a precise fit between the implant and the framework cylinder is necessary to ensure a satisfactory long-term clinical outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of fit between implant abutments and framework cylinders in frameworks fabricated by the Procera system and those fabricated from cast gold-alloy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 frameworks, 14 made with the Procera system (type 1) and 5 made of a cast gold-alloy (type 2), were fabricated. A total of 95 implants, 70 type 1 and 25 type 2 frameworks, were evaluated. Three replicas of the space between the implant abutments and the framework cylinders of the master cast were made for each test specimen. The replicas were cut with a scalpel in 2 axial directions: buccal-lingual and right-left. For the purpose of measurement, a microscope with a precision of +/- 0.5 microm was used at original magnification x30. The Student t test was used to determine whether there were significant differences between the framework designs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The buccal-lingual measurements for the type 1 and type 2 frameworks showed mean values of 28.1 microm (SD 9.8) and 42.0 microm (SD 1.8) on the buccal side, respectively, and 25.6 microm (SD 11.2) and 51.6 microm (SD 10.9) on the lingual side, respectively. For the right-left view, the mean measurements were 26.6 microm (SD 8.4) and 49.2 microm (SD 11.4) on the right side, respectively, and 27.4 microm (SD 8.5) and 44.4 microm (SD 6.5) on the left side, respectively. The total mean value for type 1 frameworks was 26.9 microm (SD 9.3); that for type 2 frameworks was 46.8 microm (SD 8.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this experiment, it was demonstrated that the fit of frameworks made with the Procera system was significantly better than that of the frameworks made with cast gold-alloy (P<.01).
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Dental College, Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Chiba, Japan. totakaha@tdc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunne
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003779:Denture Design / Q000379:methods*; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D008853:Microscopy; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D015921:Dental Implants; D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; C077451:Procera; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D014025:Titanium