title: Measurement of femoral anteversion by biplane radiography and computed tomography imaging: comparison with an anatomic reference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability of biplane radiography and standard computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques to measure accurately the human femoral anteversion was evaluated and compared with an anatomic reference: the osteometric method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Femoral anteversion of 10 normal adult cadaveric human femora were determined using a standardized anatomic measurement method (the anatomic reference) and the 2 selected common imaging techniques (biplane radiography and CT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, anteversion measurements using biplane radiography were 21/2 times greater in magnitude than measurements using the anatomic reference (absolute mean difference, 13.5 degrees; P = 0.004). In contrast, the discrepancy between CT and anatomic reference measurements was notably less and not statistically significant (absolute mean difference, 2.8 degrees; P = 0.351). In addition, biplane radiography demonstrated greater inter- and intrarater variability than CT imaging for repeated measurements of the same bone specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the anatomic reference, CT imaging was an accurate and valid technique for measuring the femoral anteversion. In contrast, biplane radiography demonstrated significant inconsistencies in the measurement of this anatomic parameter.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Utah 84148, USA. roy.bloebaum@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Tony Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Skedros
authors.forename: Roy D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bloebaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed