title: Intraosseous lipoma: report of 35 new cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the common imaging features of intraosseous lipomas on radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), and review their histological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five previously unreported cases of intraosseous lipoma were reviewed and a meta-analysis was performed of another 110 cases identified from the English language literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at presentation is 43 years. Sex distribution is nearly equal. Lipomas occur most frequently in the lower limb (71% overall), particularly in the os calcis (32%). Other common sites include the metaphyses of long bones, where lesions are typically eccentric. Lipomas are usually well defined, but marginal sclerosis is commoner in lesions of the os calcis (61%) than at other sites (38%). Calcification is also more frequent in the os calcis (62%), and almost invariably centrally located. Calcification at other sites is less common (30%), and is more variable in appearance. Bone expansion is less common (30%), and usually minimal. Fat necrosis and cyst formation identified on MRI is common (67%), and more frequent in the os calcis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is correlation between the histological and radiological features of intraosseous lipomas in general, some discrepancies occur in the radiological appearances of lipomas in different sites. The evidence that these lesions are true benign tumours of fat is controversial. Several aetiological factors have been implicated in their development. The constant location of os calcis lesions at the critical angle suggests an aetiology that may be related to biomechanical lines of stress. In other instances it is possible that involution of pre-existing lesions may lead to the development of lipomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK. rob.campbell@stees.nhs.uk
authors.forename: R S D
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mangham
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beggs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008067:Lipoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed