title: Preparing a new generation anaesthetic machine for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.
abstract: Anaesthetic machines are prepared for use with patients who are susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) by flushing with oxygen at 10 l/min for ten minutes to reduce the anaesthetic concentration to 1 part per million (ppm) or less. Anaesthetic workstations are now often used in place of traditional machines. Workstations have greater internal complexity, and it is not known if they can be made safe for susceptible patients by flushing with oxygen. We used a high sensitivity infrared gas analyser to measure the washout of isoflurane from five Datex-Ohmeda workstations. Measurements were then repeated with a patient breathing circuit. Isoflurane washout occurred in an exponential manner. The time to reach a concentration of 1 ppm at the fresh gas outlet was 17 +/- 7 minutes, and all machines had reached less than 2 ppm by ten minutes. The washout of isoflurane from the machine and patient breathing circuit was much slower than from the machine alone, with a concentration less than 2 ppm reached only after 30 minutes. We conclude that the Datex-Ohmeda workstation can be prepared for use in MH susceptible patients by flushing with oxygen at 10 l/min for ten minutes. Flushing of the patient breathing system is not straightforward, and we recommend using a clean T-piece circuit. If the circle system and ventilator are required for anaesthesia, we suggest using new breathing hoses, rebreathing bag and soda lime cartridge, and ventilating an artificial lung for 30 minutes with a fresh gas flow rate of 10 l/min and tidal volume of 1 litre.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Department of Public Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, W.A. 6840.
authors.forename: L H B
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schönell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulsara
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane