title: Nosocomial influenza infection among post-influenza-vaccinated patients with severe pulmonary diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an outbreak of nosocomial influenza in thirteen out of twenty-two admitted patients suffering from severe lung emphysema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute-phase and convalescent serum samples of nine patients were collected. An antihaemagglutinin assay was performed to detect a rise in antibodies against influenza A virus. Further information about vaccination history of the patients and healthcare workers was included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of these twenty-two patients was vaccinated with a trivalent vaccine six months earlier. The immunological response showed that the influenza A (H3N2) strain which caused these infections is similar to the vaccine strain A/Sydney/5/97.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The staff of our institute which was not systematically vaccinated may have been the source of infection. The time elapsed between the vaccination and the infection is the probable explanation of this event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands. h.berg@elisabeth.nl
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Gendt
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rimmelzwaan
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Keulen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D017757:Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient / Q000517:prevention & control; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines