title: Incadronate amplifies prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in osteoblasts. Enhancement of MAPK activity.
abstract: We have previously reported that prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) activates p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through protein kinase C (PKC) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis induced by PGF2 alpha and the effect of incadronate on the VEGF synthesis in these cells. PGF2 alpha significantly stimulated the VEGF synthesis in a dose-dependent manner between 1 pm and 10 microm. Cycloheximide reduced the PGF2 alpha effect. PGF2 alpha increased the levels of mRNA for VEGF. Cloprostenol, a PGF2 alpha-sensitive receptor agonist, potently induced the VEGF synthesis. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, significantly reduced the PGF2 alpha-induced VEGF synthesis. Bisindolylmaleimide, an inhibitor of PKC, reduced the PGF2 alpha-induced VEGF synthesis. The VEGF synthesis induced by PGF2 alpha was significantly attenuated in the PKC down-regulated cells. PGF2 alpha elicited the translocation of PKC beta I from cytosol to membrane fraction. PD98059 or U0126, inhibitors of MEK, suppressed the VEGF synthesis induced by PGF2 alpha. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor failed to affect the PGF2 alpha-induced VEGF synthesis. Incadronate enhanced the synthesis of VEGF induced by PGF2 alpha. NaF-induced VEGF synthesis was also amplified by incadronate. PD98059 suppressed the enhancement by incadronate of PGF2 alpha-induced VEGF synthesis. Incadronate markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of Raf-1, MEK1/2, and p44/p42 MAPK induced by PGF2 alpha or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a PKC activator. Incadronate significantly enhanced the cloprostenol-increased level of VEGF concentration in mouse plasma in vivo. These results strongly suggest that PGF2 alpha stimulates VEGF synthesis through the PKC-dependent activation of p44/p42 MAPK in osteoblasts and that the incadronate enhances the VEGF synthesis at the point between PKC and Raf-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chubu National Hospital, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Kouseki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirade
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kanefusa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oiso
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kozawa
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004164:Diphosphonates; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007211:Indoles; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D008301:Maleimides; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; C071542:cimadronate; D003008:Cloprostenol; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D003513:Cycloheximide; D015237:Dinoprost; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D007213:Indomethacin