title: Three-dimensional eye movement analysis of superior oblique myokymia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the idea that sole contraction of the superior oblique muscle causes attacks of superior oblique myokymia (SOM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old man presented with episodic monocular oscillatory eye movements. Three-dimensional eye movements were recorded using the magnetic search coil system and analyzed as rotation vector. The attacks of SOM consisted of intorsional, depressive, and abductive fast phases and their exponential decaying slow phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average direction of rotation axis for the fast phases while fixating straight ahead was 51.5 +/- 5.4 degrees from depression axis in vertical-torsional plane, 78.7 +/- 4.4 degrees from abduction axis in horizontal-torsional plane, and 76.3 +/- 4.3 degrees from abduction axis in horizontal-vertical plane (+/-SD, n = 50). Time constants of slow phases were less than 0.1 second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative three-dimensional analysis of SOM directly confirmed that the fast phases of SOM attacks were induced by the sole contraction of the superior oblique muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. yasuzuki@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005207:Fasciculation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*