title: Endoscopic muscular latissimus dorsi flap harvesting for immediate breast reconstruction after skin sparing mastectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy using the latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flap is well recognized. It allows for satisfactory aesthetic results. To minimize scanning in skin sparing mastectomy patients, we used a surgical technique consisting of an endoscopic harvesting of the latissimus dorsi pure muscular flap with a virtual cavity created by CO(2) gas distention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 9 April 2001 and 30 September 2001, 8 patients underwent latissimus dorsi endoscopic harvesting for an immediate breast reconstruction after skin sparing mastectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating endoscopic time was 112 minutes. No open surgical conversion was necessary. The mean lymphatic drainage was 2720 ml with removal of the drainage on post operative day 15.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic harvesting of the latissimus dorsi muscular flap, using a mixed technique of dissection guided by the lighted cleaver forceps and a closed technique by CO(2) insufflation using an endoscope is feasible, reproducible and has acceptable morbidity. This technique brings encouraging aesthetic results after skin sparing mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Reconstructive Surgery, Gustave Roussy Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France. pomel@igr.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Missana
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atallah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lasser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015414:Mastectomy, Subcutaneous; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*