title: Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The family of inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding (Id) proteins is known to regulate development in several tissues. One member of this gene family, Id-1, has been implicated in mammary development and carcinogenesis. Mammary glands contain various cell types, among which the luminal epithelial cells are primarily targeted for proliferation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Therefore, to assess the precise significance of Id-1 in mammary biology and carcinogenesis, we examined its cellular localization in vivo using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracts of whole mammary glands from wild type and Id-1 null mutant mice, and tissue sections from paraffin-embedded mouse mammary glands from various developmental stages and normal human breast were subjected to immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. In both these procedures, an anti-Id-1 rabbit polyclonal antibody was used for detection of Id-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In immunoblot analyses, using whole mammary gland extracts, Id-1 was detected. In immunohistochemical analyses, however, Id-1 was not detected in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands during any stage of development, but it was detected in vascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands.
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, USA.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Yu-Chien
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Galvez
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de-Candia
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cardiff
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benezra
authors.forename: Gopalan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shyamala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors