Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the tumor-associated isozyme IX with aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides.
The inhibition of the tumor-associated transmembrane carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) isozyme has been investigated with a series of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides, including the six clinically used derivatives acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide and brinzolamide. Inhibition data for the physiologically relevant isozymes I and II (cytosolic forms) and IV (membrane-bound) were also provided for comparison. A very interesting and unusual inhibition profile against CA IX with these sulfonamides has been observed. Several nanomolar (K(I)-s in the range of 14-50 nM) CA IX inhibitors have been detected, both among the aromatic (such as orthanilamide, homosulfonilamide, 4-carboxy-benzenesulfonamide, 1-naphthalenesulfonamide and 1,3-benzenedisulfonamide derivatives) as well as the heterocylic (such as 1,3,4-thiadizole-2-sulfonamide, etc.) sulfonamides examined. Because CA IX is a highly active isozyme predominantly expressed in tumor tissues with poor prognosis of disease progression, this finding is very promising for the potential design of CA IX-specific inhibitors with applications as anti-tumor agents.
Vullo
Daniela
D
Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
Franchi
Marco
M
Gallori
Enzo
E
Pastorek
Jaromir
J
Scozzafava
Andrea
A
Pastorekova
Silvia
S
Supuran
Claudiu T
CT
D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007700:Kinetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases