title: Association of sex with perioperative mortality and morbidity after carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether perioperative morbidity and mortality after carotid endarterectomy depend on the sex and the presence of symptoms on presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of quality assurance database prospectively collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand two hundred eighty-seven patients who had 1,503 carotid endarterectomies from 1990 to 1999 from a quality assurance database.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cases were divided into 4 groups by sex and symptoms on presentation: male-symptomatic (MS), male-asymptomatic (MA), female-symptomatic (FS), and female-asymptomatic (FA). The 4 groups were compared for preoperative demographic and comorbidity profiles, carotid plaque characteristics, and outcome. Outcome measures included in-hospital stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and death. There were 496 cases in the MS group, 407 in the MA group, 315 in the FS group, and 285 in the FA group. Women were less likely to have a history of coronary artery disease, prior MI, or smoking, and their carotid plaques were less likely to be ulcerated or contain intraplaque hemorrhage. Even when controlling for the comorbidities and plaque characteristics, the incidence of each of the complications examined was low and not significantly different between the sexes in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The rate of stroke or death was 3.0% (MS) versus 1.9% (FS) (p = NS) and 1.2% (MA) versus 1.8% (FA) (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant sex difference in perioperative cardiac or cerebrovascular complications. Women with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis can have acceptably low complication rates from carotid endarterectomy and may benefit from the surgery as much as men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pomposelli
authors.forename: Kyung W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000401:mortality*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome