title: Point mutations induced by foscarnet (PFA) in the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro selection of viruses with decreased drug susceptibility is a useful tool for mapping drug resistance-associated alterations, evaluating cross-resistance profiles, and elucidating molecular mechanisms of antiviral activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide data on mechanisms of selective drug action and features of drug resistance that may be clinically important.
  
  
  METHODS
  Foscarnet (PFA) and ganciclovir (GCV) were used to induce mutants of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Towne strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three new mutations, selected in the presence of PFA, were identified with single base substitutions resulting in T419M, Q578H, and L773V in conserved regions of the HCMV DNA polymerase. None of these mutations have been reported previously. These mutations conferred resistance to PFA but did not change the susceptibility to GCV. A mutant was selected in the presence of GCV. This GCV-selected mutant had no mutation in the UL54 but had an amino acid alteration at codon M460V of UL97, which conferred resistance to GCV. All the mutants had the same growth phenotype as the parental laboratory strain Towne.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have determined three novel alterations in HCMV DNA polymerase inducing reduced susceptibility to PFA. None of these alterations changed the growth phenotype of the parental virus.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. mehrdad.mousavi-jazi@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavi-Jazi
authors.forename: Lottie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schloss
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wahren
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brytting
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000821:virology; D003062:Codon / Q000187:drug effects; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D017245:Foscarnet / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D014764:Viral Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D017245:Foscarnet; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D015774:Ganciclovir