title: Stress and lack of social support as risk factors for small-for-gestational-age birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the contributions of social support and perceived stress to the risk of small-for-gestational-age birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was a case-control study of mothers of infants born at 37 or more completed weeks of gestation. Cases weighed less than the sex-specific 10th percentile for gestational age at birth (small for gestational age (SGA), n = 836), and controls (appropriate for gestational age (AGA), n = 870) comprised a random selection of heavier babies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analyses measures of informal social support, but not perceived stress or formal social support, were associated with SGA birth. It was found that Asian mothers are less likely to receive support from families and friends. After adjustment for ethnicity, informal social support was not associated with SGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support appears to reduce the risk of SGA births, but after adjustment for ethnicity this is no longer the case. Stress during pregnancy was not associated with SGA birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. jan.pryor@vuw.ac.nz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: J M D
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D M O
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Becroft
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galvish
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*