title: Immunogenetic correlates for Chlamydia trachomatis-associated tubal infertility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand immunogenetic mechanisms of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal scarring.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured and compared previously significant human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II DQ alleles, their linked DRB genes, and polymorphisms in selected cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor alpha-308 promoter; transforming growth factor beta1-10 and -25 codons; interleukin 10-1082, -819, and -592 promoters; interleukin 6-174 promoter; and interferon gamma+874 codon 1) among Kenyan women with confirmed tubal infertility with and without C trachomatis microimmunofluorescence antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two class II alleles, HLA-DR1*1503 and DRB5*0101, were detected less commonly in C trachomatis microimmunofluorescence seropositive women than in C trachomatis microimmunofluorescence seronegative women with infertility (0% versus 20%; odds ratio [OR] 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0, 0.7, and 6% versus 26%; OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.02, 1.0, respectively). These alleles are commonly linked as a haplotype at the DRB locus. This finding could not be explained through linkage disequilibrium with the other studied HLA or cytokine genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These alleles may lead to an immunologically mediated mechanism of protection against C trachomatis infection and associated tubal damage, or alternatively increase risk for tubal scarring due to another cause.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Box 356460, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. crcohen@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gichui
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rukaria
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sinei
authors.forename: Lakshmi K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brunham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000382:microbiology*; D007630:Kenya; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens