Detection of sugar syrups in apple juice by delta(2)H per thousand and delta(13)C per thousand analysis of hexamethylenetetramine prepared from fructose.
An improved procedure for determining (13)C and (2)H isotope ratios, using gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), has been developed for identifying the addition of low cost commercial sugar syrups to apple juices and related products. Isotopic techniques are commonly used to identify the addition of low cost sugars to fruit juices and are difficult to circumvent as it is not economically viable to change the isotopic ratios of the sugars. The procedure utilizes the derivative hexamethylenetetramine, which is produced through chemical transformation of a sugar degradation product and provides position-specific (13)C and (2)H ratios that relate to the parent sugar molecule. The new procedure has advantages over methods using nitro-sugar derivatives in terms of analysis time and sensitivity. The differences between the delta(2)H per thousand and delta(13)C per thousand values of the 100 authentic apple juices and beet and cane commercial sugar syrups permit their addition to be reliably detected.
Kelly
Simon D
SD
School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Rhodes
Christopher
C
Lofthouse
Janice H
JH
Anderson
Dominic
D
Burwood
Christine E
CE
Dennis
M John
MJ
Brereton
Paul
P
D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008709:Methenamine / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D002241:Carbohydrates; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005632:Fructose; D003903:Deuterium; D008709:Methenamine