title: Detection of myocardial viability by contrast echocardiography in acute infarction predicts recovery of resting function and contractile reserve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) performed before and early after primary coronary stenting (PCS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could predict recovery of resting left ventricular systolic function and contractile reserve.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Myocardial contrast echocardiography can be used to assess perfusion within the risk area before PCS and the extent of necrosis soon after PCS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 patients with AMI, MCE and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed before PCS and 3 to 5 days and 4 weeks after PCS. Contractile reserve was assessed by dobutamine echocardiography at four weeks in patients with persistent severe wall-motion abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of segments without perfusion at 3 to 5 days, 95% had severe hypokinesis to akinesis at 4 weeks. Of segments with normal perfusion at 3 to 5 days, 90% had normal wall motion or mild hypokinesis at 4 weeks, whereas those with partial perfusion at 3 to 5 days were evenly divided between normal wall motion, hypokinesis, and akinesis. In segments with persistent severe wall-motion abnormalities at four weeks, contractile reserve was found in >80% of segments with perfusion, compared with only 10% of segments without detectable perfusion (p < 0.01). The presence of myocardial perfusion by MCE before PCS was associated with maintained or improved perfusion at 3 to 5 days and eventual recovery of resting wall motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial contrast echocardiography performed early after PCS provides information on the extent of infarction, and hence the likelihood for recovery of resting systolic function or contractile reserve. The presence of perfusion before PCS, from either collateral or antegrade flow, predicts the maintenance of perfusion and recovery of systolic function.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balcells
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lepper
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Belcik
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragosta
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samady
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004280:Dobutamine; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D013599:Systole; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004280:Dobutamine