title: Temporal trends in radical prostatectomy complications from 1991 to 1998.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We performed a retrospective, longitudinal, population based study to ascertain whether radical prostatectomy outcomes improved after the diffusion of surgical innovations during the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a 5% national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries we identified 12,079 men who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1991 to 1998. We analyzed relevant Medicare data to establish length of stay and the rate of in hospital complications (cardiac, respiratory, vascular, wound and genitourinary conditions) as well as the rate of anastomotic stricture, incontinence and impotence through 36 months after surgery. We performed multivariate logistic regression to control for age, race and geographic region when assessing the association of surgery year with outcomes of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1991 and 1998 the in hospital complication rate decreased from 38% to 30% and mean length of stay decreased from 8.1 to 5.1 days. Each value had significant regional variation throughout the United States. The 3-year incontinence rate decreased from 20% in 1991 to 4% in 1995. However, no meaningful trends were observed in the rate of impotence, anastomotic stricture, or placement of artificial urinary sphincters or penile prostheses. On multivariate analysis, older age (75 years or older, OR 1.68, p <0.01) and nonwhite race (OR 1.35, p <0.01) were associated with more in hospital complications. Nonwhite patients were also more likely to be diagnosed with impotence (OR 1.25, p <0.01) and undergo penile prosthesis placement (OR 1.5, p <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As urologists reach consensus on the ideal clinical characteristics for radical prostatectomy candidates, surgery in fewer elderly patients and the dissemination of surgical advances have been associated with shorter length of stay, fewer in hospital complications and a lower long-term incontinence rate. However, there is capacity for improvement, as evidenced by the unchanging rate of anastomotic stricture and impotence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Jim C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pashos
authors.forename: Shilpa S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000639:trends*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery