Sediment-water distribution of organic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems: the role of organic carbon mineralization.
The distribution between sediments and water plays a key role in the food-chain transfer of hydrophobic organic chemicals. Current models and assessment methods of sediment-water distribution predominantly rely on chemical equilibrium partitioning despite several observations reporting an "enrichment" of chemical concentrations in suspended sediments. In this study we propose and derive a fugacity based model of chemical magnification due to organic carbon decomposition throughout the process of sediment diagenesis. We compare the behavior of the model to observations of bottom sediment-water, suspended sediments-water, and plankton-water distribution coefficients of a range of hydrophobic organic chemicals in five Great Lakes. We observe that (i) sediment-water distribution coefficients of organic chemicals between bottom sediments and water and between suspended sediments and water are considerably greaterthan expected from chemical partitioning and that the degree sediment-water disequilibrium appears to follow a relationship with the depth of the lake; (ii) concentrations increase from plankton to suspended sediments to bottom sediments and follow an inverse ratherthan a proportional relationship with the organic carbon content and (iii) the degree of disequilibrium between bottom sediment and water, suspended sediments and water, and plankton and water increases when the octanol-water partition coefficient K(ow) drops. We demonstrate that these observations can be explained by a proposed organic carbon mineralization model. Our findings imply that sediment-water distribution is not solely a chemical partitioning process but is to a large degree controlled by lake specific organic carbon mineralization processes.
Gobas
Frank A P C
FA
School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V54 1S6. gobas@sfu.ca
MacLean
Laura G
LG
D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010933:Plankton; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon