title: Nosocomial infections in developing countries: cost effective control and prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the efficient and cost-effective preventive, control and surveillance measures that could be employed against nosocomial infections in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature search on compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), Medline and Internet, using the key words: nosocomial infection, prevention and control, use of antibiotics and use of computers. Some articles were manually reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant studies or articles on nosocomial infections in developing and developed countries were included in the review.
  
  
  METHODS
  From individual studies or articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information on nosocomial infections from developing and developed countries with some emphasis on Kenya is synchronized under the headings; introduction, historical background of nosocomial infections. Current situation of nosocomial infections and predisposing factors, nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance, consequences of nosocomial infections, hospital infection control programme and use of computers in nosocomial infection surveillance, and the cost benefit of infection prevention and control programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nosocomial infections may be contained more effectively by having an infection prevention and control programme. Computer-assisted epidemiological surveillance appears to be the most important aspect of monitoring infection control programmes, and to identify changes in risk factors that can increase the infection rate. Even minimally, effective infection control programmes are cost-effective. For the war against nosocomial infections to be won, the whole exercise should be handled as a global project with significant inputs from developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, Kenya.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nyamogoba
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Obala
mesh_terms: D015984:Causality; D003363:Cost Control; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003906:Developing Countries; D014943:Global Health; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*