title: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of low dose 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2.
abstract: 15-Deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a cyclopentenone prostaglandin, displays a potent anti-inflammatory effect at micromolar concentrations (>2 microM) through direct inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation. Here we show that at submicromolar concentrations (0.1-0.5 microM) 15d-PGJ2 retains the ability to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine J774 macrophages under the conditions of a prolonged incubation (>12 h). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the cytoprotective enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), was induced and coincident with the anti-inflammatory action of 15d-PGJ2. Inhibition of HO-1 activity or scavenging carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct derived from heme degradation, significantly attenuated the suppressive activity of 15d-PGJ2. Furthermore, LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation assessed by the inhibitory protein of NF-kappa B(I kappa B) degradation and p50 nuclear translocation was diminished in cells subjected to prolonged treatment with the low concentration of 15d-PGJ2. Treatment of cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, or the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB203580, blocked the induction of HO-1 and suppression of LPS-induced I kappa B degradation mediated by 15d-PGJ2. Likewise, HO inhibitor and CO scavenger were effective in abolishing the inhibitory effects of 15d-PGJ2 on NF-kappa B activation induced by LPS. The functional role of CO was further demonstrated by the use of a CO releasing molecule, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer, which significantly suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p50 as assessed by confocal immunofluorescence. Collectively, these data suggest that even at submicromolar concentrations 15d-PGJ2 can exert an anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages through a mechanism that involves the action of HO/CO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tzong-Shyuan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Lee-Young
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007093:Imidazoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C447082:tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003513:Cycloheximide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; D015230:Prostaglandin D2