title: Immunomodulatory effects of sensory nerves during respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats.
abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with exaggerated neurogenic inflammation in the airways. This study sought to determine whether irritation of the mucosal sensory fibers affects the recruitment of lymphocytes and monocytes to RSV-infected airways. Pathogen-free rats were inoculated with RSV or with virus-free medium and were injected 5 days later with capsaicin to stimulate airway sensory nerves. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1, 5, or 10 days after nerve stimulation, and samples were analyzed by differential cell count and flow cytometry. Without nerve stimulation, RSV caused a minimal increase in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes above pathogen-free control levels. After nerve stimulation, numerous lymphocytes, predominantly CD4+ T cells, and monocytes were recruited in the airways of infected rats, whereas no difference was found in pathogen-free controls. RSV induced overexpression of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor for substance P on discrete lymphocyte subpopulations within the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), and treatment with a specific NK1 receptor antagonist abolished the recruitment of both lymphocytes and monocytes to infected airways. Our data suggest that airborne irritants stimulating mucosal sensory fibers during RSV infection exert important immunomodulatory effects by attracting to the infected airways selected lymphocyte subpopulations from the local BALT as well as monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auais
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Galia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Napchan
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piedimonte
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000294:innervation / Q000821:virology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000276:immunology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D013373:Substance P; C099414:(2S,3S)-2-phenyl-3-((5-trifluoromethoxy-2-methoxy)benzylamino)piperidine