title: Nondysplastic nodules that are hyperintense on T1-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging: frequency in cirrhotic patients undergoing transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the frequency and MR imaging findings of nondysplastic nodules that are hyperintense on T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging in patients with cirrhosis who undergo liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two observers retrospectively evaluated in-phase (4-5 msec), opposed-phase gradient-echo (2.0-2.4 msec), and turbo short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MR images in 68 patients with cirrhosis--but without dysplastic nodules or hepatocellular carcinoma--who underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T within 150 days before liver transplantation. The size, number, signal characteristics, and arterial enhancement pattern of nodules that appear hyperintense on T1-weighted gradient-echo images were evaluated as well as the presence or absence of signal loss on opposed-phase imaging. These imaging findings were correlated with pathologic findings of whole explanted livers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (16%) of 68 patients had at least one nondysplastic nodule that was hyperintense on T1-weighted MR imaging. Three patients had diffuse nondysplastic hyperintense nodules (>10 nodules) measuring less than 0.5 cm, and the remaining eight patients had 22 nondysplastic hyperintense nodules ranging in size from 0.5 to 2.5 cm (mean, 1.2 cm), of which 13 were isointense and nine were hypointense on turbo STIR images. No lesion lost signal on opposed-phase imaging or enhanced during the hepatic arterial phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation, nondysplastic nodules that are hyperintense are common findings on T1-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging and do not lose signal intensity on opposed-phase imaging or enhance during the hepatic arterial phase. These nodules may be indistinguishable from dysplastic nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, 530 First Ave., Basement Schwartz Bldg., New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Krinsky
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D020518:Focal Nodular Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies