title: Patterns of pharmacotherapy in patients hospitalised for congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the 1990s, a number of cardiovascular drugs were evaluated in randomised clinical trials. Treatment guidelines for heart failure were modified to include these evidence-based treatments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of new medical treatments for heart failure between 1990 and 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective cohort study of 2764 patients with a first hospital admission for heart failure between 1990 and 1998. The percentage of patients treated with different cardiovascular drugs after hospitalisation was calculated and compared over time. Use of loop diuretics remained steady approximately 80%, digoxin decreased from 57.6 to 42.7%, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed a slight increase from 49.8 to 54.8%, beta-blockers almost tripled from 11.3 to 28.7%, low dose prophylactic acetylsalicylic acid quadrupled from 9.9 to 39.9%. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed highest continuation rates of drug treatment for antithrombotics and diuretics, intermediate for digoxin and ACE inhibitors and low for beta-blockers. More than a quarter of the users discontinued beta-blockers in the first year after hospitalisation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an increase in the prescribing of several important drug classes, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines during the study period. However, our findings show that not all patients were receiving optimal treatment. More research into the reasons for this is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.bouvy@pharm.uu.nl
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bouvy
authors.forename: Eibert R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heerdink
authors.forename: Hubert G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
authors.forename: Arno W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoes
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D000804:Angiotensin II; D001241:Aspirin