title: Effects of menopause on bone mineral density in women with endemic fluorosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of menopause on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with endemic fluorosis were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty healthy Turkish women who lived in and around the city of Isparta were selected randomly and enrolled in this study. They were separated into four groups: group 1, 20 premenopausal women with regular menstrual cycles and endemic fluorosis; group 2, 20 postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis; group 3, 20 premenopausal normal women constituting one control group; and group 4, 20 postmenopausal normal women constituting the other control group. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine and proximal femur using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the premenopausal group, BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4 and Ward's triangle in women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than the respective values in women without endemic fluorosis (P = 0.024, P = 0.036). There were no differences between the groups in BMD values of the femoral neck (P = 0.156) and intertrochanteric area (P = 0.076). The BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4, the femoral neck, intertrochanteric area, and Ward's triangle in the postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal women without endemic fluorosis (P < 0.001, P = 0.015, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). The BMD values of vertebrae L2-L4, the femoral neck, intertrochanteric area, and Ward's triangle in the premenopausal women with endemic fluorosis were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal women with endemic fluorosis (P = 0.010, P = 0.002, P = 0.004, and P = 0.010, respectively). The BMD values of the sites noted for the premenopausal controls were significantly greater than those of postmenopausal controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal BMD values in both endemic fluorosis and controls were significantly less than premenopausal BMD values. Although the differences were less prominent in women with endemic fluorosis, menopause is still the major determinant of BMD in the spine and femur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. mustiyildiz01@ixir.com
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Baha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D005458:Fluoride Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D015900:Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection; D012016:Reference Values; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health