title: Antibacterial effect of Zingiber officinale and Garcinia kola on respiratory tract pathogens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antibacterial activity of Zingiber officinale (ginger) Garcinia kola (bitter kola) on four respiratory tract pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study based on laboratory investigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Life Sciences, University of Buea. Throat swabs were collected from 333 individuals with running nostrils, cough and/or catarrh in three localities of Buea namely Bokwango, Molyko and Bolifamba. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were isolated from the specimens using standard microbiological procedures. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of ginger and bitter kola, were investigated on these pathogens using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the pathogens. The MIC of extracts ranged from 0.0003 microg/ml to 0.7 microg/ml for ginger and 0.00008 microg/ml, to 1.8 microg/mL for bitter kola, while MBC ranged from 0.1.35 microg/ml to 2.04 microg/ml for ginger and 0.135 microg/ml to 4.2 microg/ml for bitter kola.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that extracts of ginger root and bitter kola may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Cameroon.
authors.forename: J F T K
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Akoachere
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ndip
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Chenwi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ndip
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Njock
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Anong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D029763:Garcinia kola; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts