title: Effects of rolipram, pimobendan and zaprinast on ischaemia-induced dysrhythmias and on ventricular cyclic nucleotide content in the anaesthetized rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the haemodynamic, electrophysiological and pharmacodynamic effects of three selective inhibitors of the different isoenzyme forms of phosphodiesterase (PDE) on ischaemia-induced dysrhythmias in the anaesthetized rat. The drugs used were pimobendan, a selective PDE III inhibitor, rolipram, a selective PDE IV inhibitor, and zaprinast, a selective PDE V inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The coronary artery was occluded 15 min after commencing drug administration, and myocardial ischaemia was maintained for 30 min during which the heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. cAMP and cGMP were determined by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with rolipram decreased the duration of ventricular tachycardia without any change in the incidences of dysrhythmias or the mortality rate. This drug did not modify ventricular content of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Pimobendan (1 mg kg(-1) + 0.1 mg kg(-1) min) decreased the duration of ventricular tachycardia. This dose of pimobendan and zaprinast (1 mg kg(-1) + 0.1 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) increased the incidence rate of ventricular fibrillation following coronary artery ligation and the mortality rate. Moreover, both drugs increased cGMP in the ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that pimobendan and zaprinast increased the incidence of dysrhythmias and the mortality rate, which was accompanied by an increase in the ventricular content of cGMP. Rolipram decreased the duration of ventricular tachycardia without a change in the cyclic nucleotide content or in the mortality rate.
authors.affiliation: University School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, CSV Arrixaca Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carceles
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aleixandre
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuente
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Vidal
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Laorden
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011688:Purinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011688:Purinones; D011724:Pyridazines; C041648:pimobendan; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat; C011145:zaprinast; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020889:Rolipram