title: Comparative study of regulatory mechanisms for pectinase production by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemi.
abstract: The production of pectinase, the major virulence determinant of soft-rot Erwinia species, is controlled by many regulatory factors. We focused on the major regulatory proteins, KdgR, CRP, Pir, and PecS, characterized mainly in E. chrysanthemi, and tested for their presence and function in the control of pectate lyase (Pel) and polygalacturonase (Peh) production in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Homologues of kdgR and crp but not of pir and pecS were detected by Southern blot analyses in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. In fact, KdgR and CRP homologues of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora had high amino acid identities to those of E. chrysanthemi, including a complete match of the hypothetical helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. However, in Western blot analyses using anti-Pir (E. chrysanthemi) antibodies, a cross-reacting protein was present in both Erwinia species, although Pel production in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was not further stimulated by adding plant extract into the medium containing PGA (polygalacturonic acid) in which hyperinduction by Pir has been reported in E. chrysanthemi EC16. When plasmids that contained each of these regulatory genes from E. chrysanthemi were introduced into E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, Pel production was controlled as predicted from their roles in E. chrysanthemi, except for PecS. PecS exerted a positive control in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, in contrast to a negative control in E. chrysanthemi. DNA-binding assays demonstrated that KdgR, CRP, Pir, and PecS of E. chrysanthemi and KdgR and CRP homologues of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora could bind to the promoter regions of pel-1, pel-3, and peh of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Taken together, KdgR and CRP homologues of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora may regulate Pel and Peh production as in E. chrysanthemi. However, the presence of Pir and PecS homologues in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was not identified in this study, though these proteins of E. chrysanthemi were functional on the promoter regions of the pectinase genes of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University (Shizuoka University), 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Pongphen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jitareerat
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuyumu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016974:Dickeya chrysanthemi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016973:Pectobacterium carotovorum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D002373:Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C098628:KdgR protein, Erwinia chrysanthemi; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C088080:pecS protein, Erwinia chrysanthemi; C045264:replication initiator protein; D011096:Polygalacturonase; D004265:DNA Helicases; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C023911:pectate lyase