title: Avoidance and management of positive surgical margins before, during and after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: Positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy lead to an increased risk of progression and reduced disease free survival. Earlier detection of prostate cancer, appropriate patient selection and improved operative techniques can reduce the incidence of positive margins, though the risk can not be eliminated as pre-operative staging techniques are not sufficiently sensitive. Nerve sparing and bladder neck sparing do not adversely affect margin status in appropriately selected men. Once positive margins have been diagnosed the optimal management and the timing of treatment remains controversial. Adjuvant radiotherapy or salvage radiotherapy in men with a low PSA may improve local control and PSA free survival in some individuals, a survival benefit has not yet been established.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Nephrology, London, UK. simonrjbott@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S R J
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bott
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kirby
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000728:Androgens; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016879:Salvage Therapy
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen