title: ETS2 is involved in protein kinase C-activated expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human non-small lung carcinoma cell line, A549.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine expressed in the non-small lung carcinoma cells (NSCLC). However, transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF is not well characterized in NSCLC. In this study we found that two cis-acting ETS family consensus sites are important for transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. These two sites are located separately at around -40 and -100 bp from the transcription start site. Results of transient transfection assays with A549 cells indicated that ETS2 had a strong positive effect on GM-CSF promoter activity. Furthermore, this activity was enhanced by protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), in an ETS consensus-dependent manner, while PMA could also enhance the expression level of ETS2. The protein kinase C inhibitors decreased GM-CSF promoter activity induced by the protein kinase C activator PMA. We also found that antisense ETS2 mRNA decreased PMA-induced GM-CSF promoter activity, supporting the possibility that ETS2 is involved in protein kinase C-induced GM-CSF transcriptional function. Endogenous expression of GM-CSF mRNA was increased by ETS2 transfection and the increased expression was further enhanced by PMA. These data indicate that GM-CSF is up-regulated by ETS2, a target of protein kinase C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kyoung-Ah
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suico
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuto
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isohama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C107465:ERF protein, human; C494069:ETS2 protein, human; D050787:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-2; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C