title: Effect of hydrothermal processing on carrot carotenoids changes and interactions with dietary fiber.
abstract: The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of different methods of heat treatment on carotenoids changes and their interactions with insoluble and soluble dietary fiber. Three industrial varieties of carrot--Simba, Caropak and Fayette constituted the experimental material. Carrot cubes were subjected to heat treatment by putting in water with or without citric acid, or in a convection-type steam furnace. The total content of alpha- and beta-carotene was determined in all kinds of pureed carrots. Its amount bounded with insoluble dietary fiber and pectins was also determined. Changes in soluble and insoluble fractions of dietary fiber during hydrothermal treatment were also determined. It was found that the content of trans alpha- and beta-carotene in carrots decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after heat treatment, compared with the control sample. The loss observed during heat treatment in water was higher (up to 50%) than in the case of a convection-type steam furnace. The highest decrease in the content of insoluble fraction of dietary fiber and the highest increase in soluble fraction were observed after treatment with the use of steam. An analysis of interactions between carotenoids and dietary fiber fractions after hydrothermal processing shows their stronger affinity to forming bonds with pectins than with insoluble fiber. It was also found that the effect of heat treatment parameters was significant--the highest (by six times) increase in the content of beta-carotene bounded with pectins was noted in pureed carrots processed in a convection-type steam furnace.
authors.affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński 1, PL-10-957 Olsztyn, Poland. eulalia.borowska@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: Julitta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borowska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Sylwester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czaplicki
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zadernowski
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010368:Pectins; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002338:Carotenoids; D010368:Pectins