title: A new integrated statistical approach to the diagnostic use of two-dimensional maps.
abstract: Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis is a very useful technique for the analysis of proteins in biological tissues. The complexity of the 2-D maps obtained causes many difficulties in the comparison of different samples. A new method is proposed for comparing different 2-D maps, based on five steps: (i) the digitalisation of the image; (ii) the transformation of the digitalised map in a fuzzy entity, in order to consider the variability of the 2-D electrophoretic separation; (iii) the calculation of a similarity index for each pair of maps; (iv) the analysis by multidimensional scaling of the previously obtained similarity matrix; (v) the analysis by classification or cluster analysis techniques of the resulting map co-ordinates. The method adopted was first tested on some simulated samples in order to evaluate its sensitivity to small changes in the spots position and size. The optimal setting of the method parameters was also investigated. Finally, the method was successfully applied to a series of real samples corresponding to the electrophoretic bidimensional analysis of sera from normal and nicotine-treated rats. Multidimensional scaling allowed the separation of the two classes of samples without any misclassification.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy. marengoe@tin.it
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marengo
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robotti
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: Pier Giorgio
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Righetti
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cecconi
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domenici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001797:Blood Protein Electrophoresis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D010449:Peptide Mapping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D009538:Nicotine