title: Golf-related ocular injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine patient outcomes from golf-related ocular injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case review was undertaken of subjects with golf-related ocular injuries treated at the Auckland and Waikato Hospitals during the 5-year period from 1997 to 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 11 injuries treated in the 5-year period, five of the subjects incurred globe rupture with two subjects requiring enucleation. Seven of the injuries were from golf balls and four injuries were from golf clubs. Six of the subjects had a final visual acuity of 6/48 or worse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Golfing injuries, though uncommon, are frequently associated with severe ocular trauma and poor visual outcome. Although unpredictable and difficult to avoid, proper golf etiquette and safety may diminish the incidence of golf-related ocular injures. Injuries caused by golf clubs occurred only in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Auckland Public Hospital, and Discipline of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Thiran88@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Thiran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jayasundera
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vote
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Joondeph
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006055:Golf / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery