title: In-hospital factors associated with improved outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A comparison between four regions in Norway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While pre-hospital factors related to outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are well known, little is known about possible in-hospitals factors related to outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Some in-hospital factors are associated with outcome in terms of survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  An historical cohort observational study of all patients admitted to hospital with a spontaneous circulation after OHCA due to a cardiac cause in four different regions in Norway 1995-1999: Oslo, Akershus, Østfold and Stavanger.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Oslo, Akershus, Østfold and Stavanger 98, 84, 91 and 186 patients were included, respectively. Hospital mortality was higher in Oslo (66%) and Akershus (64%) than in Østfold (56%) and Stavanger (44%), P=0.002. By multivariate analysis the following pre-arrest and pre-hospital factors were associated with in-hospital survival: age <or=71 years, better pre-arrest overall performance, a call-receipt-start CPR interval <or=1 min, and no use of adrenaline (epinephrine). The in-hospital factors associated with survival were: no seizures, base excess >-3.5 mmol l(-1), body temperature <or=37.8 degrees C, and serum glucose <or=10.6 mmol l(-1) 1-24 h after admittance with OR (95% CI) 2.72 (1.09-8.82, P=0.033), 1.12 (1.02-1.23, P=0.016), 2.67 (1.17-6.20, P=0.019) and 2.50 (1.11-5.65, P=0.028), respectively. Pre-arrest overall function, whether adrenaline was used, body temperature, the occurrence of hypotensive episodes, and the degree of metabolic acidosis differed between the four regions in parallel with the in-hospital survival rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both pre-arrest, pre- and in-hospital factors were associated with in-hospital survival after OCHA. It seems important also to report in-hospital factors in outcome studies of OCHA. The design of the study precludes a conclusion on causability.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevål University Hospital, N-0407, Oslo, Norway. audun.langhelle@ioks.uio.no
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langhelle
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tyvold
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lexow
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hapnes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunde
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Steen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome