title: Mouse mammary tumor virus-like gene sequences in breast tumors of Australian and Vietnamese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is considerable evidence that the presence of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like gene sequences in human breast cancer is highly associated with human breast carcinoma. Previous studies have found MMTV-like gene sequences in 38% of breast cancer tissue from United States women. The prevalence of these sequences in Australian and Vietnamese women has never been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PCR and primers that amplify MMTV-like gene sequences, we tested cancerous and benign breast tissue from Caucasian-Australian, Vietnamese-Australian, and Vietnamese women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMTV-like gene sequences were amplified in 19 of 45 (42.2%) archival breast cancer biopsy tissues from Caucasian-Australian women, but only 1 of 120 (0.8%) and 0 of 41 breast cancer biopsy tissues from Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Australian women, respectively. The same sequences were found in only 2 of 111 (1.8%) and 0 of 60 normal (benign) breast tissue samples from Australian and Vietnamese women, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMTV-like gene sequences are found in only some human populations and are rarely found in normal human breast tissue from all populations, suggesting they are not present in the normal human genome and have been acquired.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, South Eastern Sydney Area Laboratory Services, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Dinh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: YiMo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Van To
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lawson
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001315:Australia; D001940:Breast / Q000821:virology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics*; D014744:Vietnam; D044465:White People