Leukemia inhibitory factor is a key signal for injury-induced neurogenesis in the adult mouse olfactory epithelium.
The mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) is composed of primary olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are renewed throughout adulthood by local, restricted neuronal progenitor cells. The molecular signals that control this neurogenesis in vivo are unknown. Using olfactory bulb ablation (OBX) in adult mice to trigger synchronous mitotic stimulation of neuronal progenitors in the OE, we show the in vivo involvement of a cytokine in the cellular events leading to the regeneration of the OE. We find that, of many potential mitogenic signals, only leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is induced before the onset of neuronal progenitor proliferation. The rise in LIF mRNA expression peaks at 8 hr after OBX, and in situ RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry indicate that LIF is upregulated, in part, in the injured neurons themselves. This rise in LIF is necessary for injury-induced neurogenesis, as OBX in the LIF knock-out mouse fails to stimulate cell proliferation in the OE. Moreover, delivery of exogenous LIF to the intact adult OE using an adenoviral vector stimulates BrdU labeling in the apical OE. Taken together, these results suggest that injured OSNs release LIF as a stimulus to initiate their own replacement.
Bauer
S
S
Unité Mixte de Recherche 5020 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Rasika
S
S
Han
Jing
J
Mauduit
C
C
Raccurt
M
M
Morel
G
G
Jourdan
F
F
Benahmed
M
M
Moyse
E
E
Patterson
P H
PH
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D016923:Cell Death; D002455:Cell Division; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D008222:Lymphokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine