title: A comparison of low-dose and standard-dose oral estrogen on forearm endothelial function in early postmenopausal women.
abstract: We investigated the effects of low-dose estrogen plus progestin on endothelial function. Postmenopausal women received daily doses of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625 mg) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg) (standard-dose group, n = 18), CEE (0.3 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) (low-dose group, n = 18), or no treatment (control group, n = 15) for 3 months. Serum concentrations of lipids and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. Forearm blood flow (FBF) during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Decreases in serum concentrations of LDL cholesterol and MDA-modified LDL and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nitrite/nitrate were observed in both treatment groups. After 3 months of treatment, similar increases in the maximal FBF response during reactive hyperemia were observed in both treatment groups (standard-dose group, from 35.8 +/- 3.0 to 47.5 +/- 2.8 ml/min per 100 ml tissue; and low-dose group, from 35.2 +/- 2.2 to 46.8 +/- 3.4 ml/min per 100 ml tissue, P < 0.01). FBF levels in the control group were unchanged. Treatment did not affect nitroglycerin-induced dilation. The incidences of vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness were lower with the low-dose group than with the standard-dose group. Low-dose CEE plus MPA augments endothelial function in forearm resistance arteries and decreased MDA-modified LDL levels similarly to standard doses of CEE plus MPA, with fewer side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. msanada64@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Yukihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
authors.forename: Koso
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohama
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate