Interspecies considerations in the evaluation of human food safety for veterinary drugs.
Residues are composed of the parent drug and metabolites, and therefore interspecies comparisons must involve a consideration of comparative xenobiotic metabolism. The focus of this article will be the residue studies that are required to establish human food safety, and the interspecies pharmacokinetic differences and similarities that impact drug residues in animal- derived foods. To illustrate the factors that can complicate and assist these comparisons, 2 drugs will be examined in detail: ivermectin and fenbendazole. In addition, the activities of 2 US programs, the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) and the NRSP-7 (National Research Support Project Number 7) Minor Use Animal Drug Program will be presented, along with strategies that may be employed in the study of species differences.
Craigmill
Arthur L
AL
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA. alcraigmill@ucdavis.edu
Cortright
Kristy A
KA
D000818:Animals; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000009:adverse effects; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D005273:Fenbendazole; D007559:Ivermectin