title: Workplace prevention and musculoskeletal injuries in nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the availability of preventive devices and training in relation to neck, shoulder, and back musculoskeletal injuries/disorders (MSD) in registered nurses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurses have one of the highest rates of MSD of any occupation. Studies have shown that mechanical lifting devices and lifting teams can reduce MSD rates and associated costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1163 randomly selected currently working nurses (1+ years on the current job) were collected in anonymous mailed surveys (74% response rate). MSD cases had neck, shoulder, and/or back symptoms for at least 1 week, or at least monthly, and moderate or more pain, in the past year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses with mechanical lifting devices available were significantly less likely to have neck or back MSDs. Back injury was less likely when lifting teams were available. However, adjustable beds and transfer sheets were associated with greater odds of back MSD. Training in workstation adjustment was associated with significantly lower MSD prevalence, though postural training was not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though use of mechanical devices and lifting teams was limited in nursing workplaces, these prevention strategies were related to reduced odds of MSD. Nursing administrators can use these findings to consider workplace changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, 21201, USA. Trinkoff@son.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Trinkoff
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D001513:Beds; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018582:Sick Leave; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology