title: Caspase gene expression in the brain as a function of the clinical progression of Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caspase gene expression has previously been reported in terminal Alzheimer disease (AD) brain, but, currently, little is known about the temporal pattern of caspase gene expression relative to the onset and clinical progression of AD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To derive a profile of caspase gene expression and proapoptotic indexes as a function of the clinical and neuropathologic progression of AD dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmortem survey of nursing home patients characterized clinically by Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and neuropathologically by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess messenger RNA expression of caspase-1, -2L, -2S, -3, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9; apoptotic cell death by TUNEL assay; and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in postmortem brain tissue samples from cognitively normal (CDR 0), high risk of developing AD dementia (CDR 0.5), and severe dementia (CDR 5) cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with CDR 0 cases, elevated messenger RNA expression of caspase-1 and caspase-7 in the entorhinal cortex of CDR 0.5 cases coincided with increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage but not apoptotic cell injury. In the entorhinal cortex of CDR 5 cases, we found elevation of caspase-1, -2L, -3, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and a greater than 4-fold increase in TUNEL-positive cells. Caspase messenger RNA expression was closely associated with neurofibrillary tangle and, to a lesser extent, neuritic plaque density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proapoptotic mechanisms may be at play early in the onset of AD (before overt signs of apoptosis) and may be a conditional factor for later apoptotic cell injury or death. These data have relevance to potential therapeutic interventions for AD using selective caspase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Neuroinflammation Research Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pompl
authors.forename: Shrishailam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yemul
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Lap
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Varham
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haroutunian
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohs
authors.forename: Giulio Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pasinetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics*; D003071:Cognition; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases