title: Which factors account for renal stone formation in cystic fibrosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies dealing with the increased tendency to stone formation noted in cystic fibrosis, focus on enteric hyperoxaluria. It is well recognized, however, that low urine volume, hypocitraturia and perhaps even hypercalciuria are further risk factors for stone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with cystic fibrosis (14 boys and 5 girls, aged 10-23, median 15 years) underwent a standard protocol for metabolic evaluation of the lithogenic tendency. In 10 patients, the study was repeated after treatment with recombinant human growth hormone 43 microgram/kg body weight daily for 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolic evaluation disclosed low urine output in 12, hyperoxaluria in 8 and hypocitraturia in 9 of the 19 cystic fibrosis patients. The mentioned parameters were not influenced by treatment with recombinant human growth hormone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The report indicates that in cystic fibrosis low urine volume, hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria act in concert and contribute to the likelihood of stone formation. This tendency is not modified by treatment with recombinant human growth hormone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von der Heiden
authors.forename: A P G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Balestra
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casaulta Aebischer
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mullis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lippuner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002951:Citrates / Q000652:urine; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006016:Glycolates / Q000652:urine; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D006016:Glycolates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D002129:Calcium Oxalate