title: Seasonal bed closures in an intensive care unit: a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe perceptions of the administrative procedures for seasonal bed closures and their consequences in the intensive care unit (ICU), and to critique this example of health care priority setting for legitimacy and fairness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative study using case study methods and interviews with key participants. We evaluated fairness and legitimacy of the bed closure process using 4 domains of the ethical framework of "accountability for reasonableness."
  
  
  METHODS
  An university-affiliated medical/surgical ICU in Eastern Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICU clinicians (9 bedside nurses and 5 physicians), and administrators (3 ICU managers and 2 senior hospital executives).
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceptions of ICU clinicians and administrators regarding the ICU bed closure decision-making process and its consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emerging themes concerned: (1) bed closure rationale (including arbitrary decision making, bed closure masquerading as a code for a nursing shortage, and suboptimal evidence base for implementing closures); (2) bed closure process (viewed as unclear with insufficient prior publicity and inadequate subsequent review); and (3) adverse consequences (including safety issues, negative professional working relationships, and poor morale). Although an appeals mechanism existed, nurses were not available to staff reopened beds so this condition is only partially met. The relevance, publicity, and enforcement conditions for accountability of reasonableness were not satisfied, offering opportunities for improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians and administrators are readily able to identify shortcomings in the seasonal bed closure process in the ICU. These shortcomings should be targeted for improvement so that intensive care health services delivery is legitimate and fair.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. gmrocker@is.dal.ca
authors.forename: Graeme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rocker
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004989:Ethics; D006271:Health Facility Closure; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012621:Seasons