"Plugging into Enzymes": nanowiring of redox enzymes by a gold nanoparticle.
The reconstitution of an apo-flavoenzyme, apo-glucose oxidase, on a 1.4-nanometer gold nanocrystal functionalized with the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide and integrated into a conductive film yields a bioelectrocatalytic system with exceptional electrical contact with the electrode support. The electron transfer turnover rate of the reconstituted bioelectrocatalyst is approximately 5000 per second, compared with the rate at which molecular oxygen, the natural cosubstrate of the enzyme, accepts electrons (approximately 700 per second). The gold nanoparticle acts as an electron relay or "electrical nanoplug" for the alignment of the enzyme on the conductive support and for the electrical wiring of its redox-active center.
Xiao
Yi
Y
Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Patolsky
Fernando
F
Katz
Eugenii
E
Hainfeld
James F
JF
Willner
Itamar
I
D001051:Apoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002384:Catalysis; D003460:Crystallization; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006046:Gold; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
D001051:Apoenzymes; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D006046:Gold; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D010100:Oxygen