title: Modified external needle drainage procedure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the results of a modified external needle subretinal fluid drainage technique to treat eyes with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckle and modified external needle drainage at Duke Eye Center or Vistar Eye Associates were included in this study. Subretinal fluid was drained by a technique whereby the intraocular pressure was raised to a supranormal level by tightening an encircling scleral buckle and then the subretinal space was entered by a needle introduced externally while the retina was directly viewed with an indirect ophthalmoscope. Subretinal fluid drainage success rate, one-operation reattachment rate, final retinal reattachment rate, intraoperative and postoperative complication rates, and final visual acuity were the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subretinal fluid was successfully drained in all eyes. The one-operation reattachment rate was 91%, and the final reattachment rate was 98%. Intraoperatively, 15% of eyes required corneal debridement to obtain an adequate view for safe subretinal fluid drainage. Subretinal hemorrhage of no more than one clock hour occurred in 4.2% of eyes. A total of 2.6% of eyes developed an epiretinal membrane postoperatively that required a vitrectomy to improve the visual acuity. The postoperative visual acuity, 0.54 by logMAR (20/69 by Snellen), was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity, 1.1 logMAR (20/250 by Snellen) (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified external needle drainage technique is a flexible, effective method to drain subretinal fluid in eyes with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The retinal reattachment rate and complication rate compare favorably to alternative subretinal fluid drainage techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brownlow
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hines
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D014792:Visual Acuity