title: Sialolith crystals localized intraglandularly and in the Wharton's duct of the human submandibular gland: an X-ray diffraction analysis.
abstract: The exact cause of the formation of sialoliths is unknown. Detailed knowledge of pathogenesis of sialolithiasis and composition of sialoliths is necessary to define new therapeutic procedures. The crystalline components of 23 sialoliths of human submandibular gland were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. All of the sialoliths localized in the ducts in the submandibular gland consisted of hydroxylapatite. However, in the sialoliths in the Wharton's duct, hydroxylapatite as well as whitlockite and brushite could be found in all except one case. Whitlockite was observed more often in the nucleus of the sialoliths and it was a common co-phase along with hydroxylapatite. The nucleus in one sialolith consisted of brushite and the cortex showed a co-phase of hydroxylapatite and brushite. The occurrence of whitlockite in the sialoliths in Wharton's duct may be due to a higher concentration of calcium and phosphate in saliva in this duct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University, Deutschhausstr 3, 35037 Marburg, Germany. teymoort@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teymoortash
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jepsen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D003460:Crystallization; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012465:Salivary Duct Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D015494:Salivary Gland Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D013364:Submandibular Gland Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C021767:whitlockite; D017886:Durapatite; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate