title: Amphiphilic copolymers of epsilon-caprolactone and gamma-substituted epsilon-caprolactone. Synthesis and functionalization of poly(D,L-lactide) nanoparticles.
abstract: Fully biodegradable and surface-functionalized poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) nanoparticles have been prepared by a co-precipitation technique. Novel amphiphilic random copolyesters P(CL-co-gammaXCL) were synthesized by controlled copolymerization of epsilon-caprolactone and epsilon-caprolactone substituted in the gamma-position by a hydrophilic X group, where X is either a cationic pyridinium (gammaPyCL) or a non-ionic hydroxyl (gammaOHCL). Nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of PLA with the P(CL-co-gammaXCL) copolyester from a DMSO solution. Small amounts of cationic P(CL-co-gammaPyCL) copolymers are needed to quantitatively form stable nanoparticles (ca. 10 mg/ 100 mg PLA), although larger amounts of non-ionic P(CL-co-gammaOHCL) copolymers are needed (> or = 12.5 mg/ 100 mg PLA). Copolymers with a low degree of polymerization (ca. 40) are more efficient stabilizers, probably because of faster migration towards the nanoparticle-water interface. The nanoparticle diameter decreases with the polymer concentration in DMSO, e.g. from ca. 160 nm (16 mg/ml) to ca. 100 nm (2 mg/ml) for PLA/P(CL-co-gammaPyCL) nanoparticles. Migration of the P(CL-co-gammaXCL) copolyesters to the nanoparticle surface was confirmed by measurement of the zeta potential, i.e. ca. +65 mV for P(CL-co-gammaPCL) and -7 mV for P(CL-co-gammaOHCL). The polyamphiphilic copolyesters stabilize PLA nanoparticles by electrostatic or steric repulsions, depending on whether they are charged or not. They also impart functionality and reactivity to the surface, which opens up new opportunities for labelling and targeting purposes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Violetta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Aloia
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Halleux
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jérôme
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005079:Excipients; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D011091:Polyesters; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C016240:polycaprolactone; C033616:poly(lactide)