title: Analgesia following music and therapeutic suggestions in the PACU in ambulatory surgery; a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to determine whether music (M), or music in combination with therapeutic suggestions (M/TS) could improve the postoperative recovery in the immediate postoperative in daycare surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and eighty-two unpremedicated patients who underwent varicose vein or open inguinal hernia repair surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to (a). listening to music (b). music in combination with therapeutic suggestions or (c). blank tape in the immediate postoperative period. The surgical technique, anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia were standardized. Analgesia, the total requirement of morphine, nausea, fatigue, well-being, anxiety, headache, urinary problems, heart rate and oxygen saturation were studied as outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly lower (P = 0.002) in the M (2.1), and the M/TS (1.9) group compared with the control group (2.9) and a higher oxygen saturation in M (99.2%) and M/TS (99.2%) group compared with the control (98.0%), P < 0.001, were found. No differences were noted in the other outcome variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This controlled study has demonstrated that music with or without therapeutic suggestions in the early postoperative period has a beneficial effect on patients' experience of analgesia. Although statistically significant, the improvement in analgesia is modest in this group of patients with low overall pain levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Care, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping, Sweden. ulrica.nilsson@orebroll.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Enqvist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unosson
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000698:Analgesia; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D002138:Calibration; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011997:Recovery Room; D013404:Suggestion
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen