title: Tibial osteotomy for the treatment of varus gonarthrosis. Survival and failure analysis to twenty-two years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results after the treatment of medial compartment gonarthrosis with a proximal tibial osteotomy to determine whether various clinical and radiographic factors relate to the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1972 to 1990, seventy-six valgus-producing high tibial osteotomies were performed in sixty-six patients with medial compartment gonarthrosis. Stabilization was achieved with use of a plate on the lateral side of the proximal part of the tibia and a figure-of-eight wire on the medial side. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was sixty-nine years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.8 years. The factors that were analyzed included postoperative valgus alignment; the age, gender, and weight of the patient; preoperative Ahlbäck radiographic grade; adverse events; Workers' Compensation status; and public liability. Survivorship outcome end points were conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction with the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten-year survival, according to the life-table method, was 74%, 70%, and 65% with conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction, respectively, as the end points. Radiographic valgus alignment that ranged between 8 degrees and 16 degrees at one year after the osteotomy had the most significant positive effect on survivorship for all end points (p < 0.01) compared with the other parameters. Complications occurred in sixteen (21%) of the seventy-six procedures, and they had a significant effect on survival, with all three end points (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that survival at ten years was 90% (95% confidence interval, 80% to 99%) when the radiographic valgus angle at one year was between 8 degrees and 16 degrees with arthroplasty as the end point. We believe that there is a role for tibial osteotomy, as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty, in patients who are less than sixty years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Blake Medical Center and Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, Florida 34209, USA. tomsprenger@attglobal.net
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.forename: Jeff F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Doerzbacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications*; D010027:Osteotomy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*