title: Somato-sympathetic vasoconstriction to intranasal fluid administration with consecutive decrease in nasal nitric oxide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients suffering from non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis (NACRS) increasingly use intranasal saline sprays. They report better nasal comfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to better understand this phenomenon, we studied intranasal laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and nasal nitric oxide (NO) variations evoked by local administration of saline, histamine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and lidocaine at room temperature (22 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant (P < 0.05) 14 +/- 3.8% decrease in LDF signal after 30 s, which lasted for 60-90 s, for all the substances applied at 22 degrees C. This pharmaco-independent vasoconstriction was further studied in patients under general anaesthesia (GA), with saline at 37 degrees C and after intranasal adrenaline treatment. While GA did not influence the vasoconstriction, saline at 37 degrees C and adrenaline pre-treatment abolished it. Nasal NO is influenced by vasoconstriction. Therefore we investigated, whether the observed vasoconstriction also changes nasal NO. A significant (P < 0.001) 8.03 +/- 0.59% decrease in nasal NO was recorded 60 s after administration of all the substances, and under GA after 22 degrees C saline application. This NO decrease was absent after intranasal adrenaline pre-treatment. An additional experiment tested the effect of nose blowing on nasal NO concentration. We registered an NO decrease with a similar pattern than observed with the other substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal fluid nebulization at 22 degrees C induces a sympathetic mediated, transient vasoconstrictor reflex response. This somato-sympathetic vasoconstriction induces a decrease in nasal NO. Both could be related to the subjective comfort experienced by NACRS patients using intranasal saline sprays.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beghetti
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rimensberger
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005100:Expectorants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012018:Reflex; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005100:Expectorants; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D006632:Histamine; D008012:Lidocaine; D000111:Acetylcysteine