title: Identification of acutely ischemic myocardium using ultrasonic strain measurements. A clinical study in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to investigate whether the changes in myocardial deformation measured with ultrasonic strain could accurately identify acutely ischemic myocardium during coronary angioplasty.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Early identification of acute myocardial ischemia has important clinical implications. The accuracy of ultrasonic strain for the detection of acute myocardial ischemia has been validated in animal experiments but has not been investigated in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 73 patients (64 +/- 12 years), either radial or longitudinal strain values were monitored in the "at-risk" segments before, during, and early after right, circumflex, and left anterior descending coronary angioplasty. Based on the visual wall motion assessed before the angioplasty, segments were divided into normokinetic (group I) and hypo/akinetic (group II). Strain data in the "at-risk " segments were compared with values derived from the adjacent nonischemic segments and normal values in 20 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary occlusion induced a marked reduction in the systolic strain both in the radial (from 49 +/- 6.9% to 23 +/- 4.6% in group I and from 21.9 +/- 11% to 11.3 +/- 8.4% in group II, p < 0.001) and longitudinal directions. Concomitantly, postsystolic strain increased (from 3.8 +/- 3.1% to 14.6 +/- 9.5% in group I, and from 4.4 +/- 3.7% to 11.3 +/- 7.8% in group II in radial direction, p < 0.001). Upon reperfusion, all deformation parameters returned to near preocclusion values. In comparison with control, baseline, and reperfusion data, the systolic and postsystolic strain parameters measured during total coronary occlusion identified acutely ischemic myocardium with a sensitivity of 86% to 95% and a specificity of 83% to 89%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of acute ischemia, ultrasonic strain indexes differentiate acutely ischemic segments from both normal and dysfunctional myocardium. This should be a promising new approach to the bedside monitoring of acute ischemic changes in regional myocardial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gasthuisberg Hospital, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kukulski
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herbots
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'hooge
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bijnens
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hatle
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Scheerder
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome