title: Immunosuppression in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin and inoculated with fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (FAV-4) associated with hydropericardium syndrome.
abstract: A total of 240 unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks, which had been found to be negative for antibodies against FAV-4, were divided into four groups of 60 chicks each. Group A was fed aflatoxin at 1 ppm from 7 days to 7 weeks of age. Group V was infected intra-abdominally at 14 days of age with 0.2 ml of FAV-4, having a titre of 10(5.5) TCID50 per 0.2 ml. The combined group AV was given the aflatoxin and infected with FAV-4. The fourth group C served as the control. More pronounced clinical signs, a higher mortality rate (56.7%), and reductions in body weight gain and in the organ to body weight ratios of the bursa and spleen were recorded in group AV. A significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the HI antibody titre following vaccination against Newcastle disease, and of skin thickness in the delayed hypersensitivity test following sensitization with DNCB, indicated an additive immunosuppressive effect from aflatoxin and FAV-4 on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in group AV compared to groups A and V. Microscopically, marked depletion and degeneration of lymphocytes in the thymus, bursa, spleen and caecal tonsils were observed in group AV up to 5 weeks PI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shivachandra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kataria
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manimaran
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens; D025681:Fowl adenovirus A / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000662:veterinary; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines