title: Second-line chemotherapy with temozolomide in recurrent oligodendroglioma after PCV (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine) chemotherapy: EORTC Brain Tumor Group phase II study 26972.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oligodendroglial tumors are chemosensitive, with two-thirds of patients responding to PCV combination chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU) and vincristine. Temozolomide (TMZ), a new alkylating and methylating agent has shown high response rates in recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. We investigated this drug in recurrent oligodendroglial tumors (OD) and mixed oligoastrocytomas (OA) after prior PCV chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective non-randomized multicenter phase II trial patients were treated with TMZ 150 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 in cycles of 28 days for 12 cycles. Eligible patients had a recurrence after prior PCV chemotherapy, with measurable and enhancing disease as shown by magnetic resonance imaging. Pathology and all responses were centrally reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two eligible patients were included. In four patients the pathology review did not confirm the presence of an OD or OA. Twelve of 24 patients [50%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 29% to 71%] evaluable for response to first-line PCV chemotherapy had responded to PCV. Temozolomide was in general well tolerated; the most frequent side-effects were hematological. One patient discontinued treatment due to toxicity. In seven of 28 patients (25%, 95% CI 11% to 45%) with histologically confirmed OD an objective response to TMZ was observed. Median time to progression for responding patients was 8.0 months. After 6 and 12 months from the start of treatment, 29% and 11% of patients, respectively, were still free from progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMZ may be regarded as the preferred second-line treatment in OD after failure of PCV chemotherapy. Further studies on TMZ in OD are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Rotterdam/Rotterdam Cancer Center, The Netherlands. bent@neuh.azr.nl
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van den Bent
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chinot
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boogerd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bravo Marques
authors.forename: M J B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taphoorn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kros
authors.forename: C C D
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: van der Rijt
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vecht
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Beule
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide