title: Macular hole formation following ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report four cases of macular hole formation following ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of clinical records of 75 consecutive eyes (73 patients) with macroaneurysm. Macroaneurysms were confirmed using either fluorescein angiography or indocyanine green angiography or both that indicated a telangiectatic retinal vascular change. Clinical data of patients with macroaneurysm with and without macular hole (MH) formation were compared retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 75 eyes, four (5.3%; four patients) with macroaneurysm had a macular hole. In one of the four eyes, a macular hole was detected 2 days after the rupture. The distance from the macroaneurysm to the center of the fovea was significantly closer in the four eyes with a macular hole (MH group, 1.1 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) disk diameter) than in the 71 eyes without a macular hole (non-MH group, 1.9 +/- 0.9 disk diameter) (P =.0196). The incidence of subretinal hemorrhage in the macula was significantly greater in the MH group (100%) than in the non-MH group (35.2%) (P =.0195).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular hole formation associated with ruptured macroaneurysm is not as uncommon as previously thought. We suggest that there might be early onset of macular hole formation following ruptured macroaneurysm. Macroaneurysms with early-onset macular hole are present near the center of the macula and are accompanied by subretinal hemorrhage in the macula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tashimo
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Utako
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Okushiba
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Muneyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green