title: Synthesis of structurally identical fluorine-18 and iodine isotope labeling compounds for comparative imaging.
abstract: The synthesis of a benzophenone-based labeling compound designed for comparative imaging studies with both in vivo positron emission tomograph (PET) and single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) and ex vivo autoradiography is described. The new compound can be labeled with either F-18 or iodine radioisotopes to give two different radioisotopmers: N-[2-fluoro-5-(3-[I-131]iodobenzoyl)benzyl]-2-bromoacetamide (1) and N-[2-[F-18]fluoro-5-(3-iodobenzoyl)benzyl]-2-bromoacetamide (2). Compound 1 and 2 have a 2-bromoacetyl group, which can be used to conjugate with biomolecules through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Compound 1 was synthesized from the corresponding tributyltin derivatives via an oxidative destannylation reaction, and compound 2 was prepared via a four-step radiosynthesis (nucleophilic aromatic substitution, reduction, oxidation, and alkylation) starting from 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)-3-cyano-3'-iodobenzophenone triflate. A remarkably high radiochemical yield (>90%) was achieved for the F-18 nucleophilic aromatic substitution under mild conditions (room temperature in less than 10 min), indicating the structural advantage of the designed molecule to facilitate the F-18 for trimethylammonium substitution in the presence of two electron-withdrawing groups (nitrile and carbonyl). The overall radiosynthesis time for compound 2 is less than 3 h after end of bombardment (EOB) with an unoptimized radiochemical yield of about 2% (not decay corrected) and specific activity of 0.8 Ci/micromol at EOB. The radiolabeling precursors for compound 1 and 2 were synthesized via a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction between 2-substituted-5-lithiobenzonitrile and 3-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives. Compounds 1 and 2 should allow us to label biomolecules with F-18 or iodine isotopes and gives structurally identical products, which are expected to have identical biological properties and should be useful for comparative imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department and Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11978, USA. zizhong@bnl.gov
authors.forename: Zizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Joanna S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gatley
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D001593:Benzyl Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C478635:N-(2-fluoro-5-(3-(I-131)iodobenzoyl)benzyl)-2-bromoacetamide; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals