title: Effect of cage enrichment on the daily use of running wheels by Syrian hamsters.
abstract: Institutional animal care committees may one day require for the welfare of captive hamsters more floor space and the introduction of tunnels and toys. As hamsters are popular animal subjects in chronobiological research, and as clock phase is usually measured through running wheel activity, it is important to determine what effect cage enrichment might have on daily wheel use. Here the daily number of wheel revolutions, the daily duration of the running activity phase, the phase relationship between lights-off and onset of running activity, and the free-running period of circadian activity rhythms were measured in Syrian hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, housed in single cages or in multiple cages linked by tunnels and supplied with commercial wooden toys. Free-running periodicity was not affected by cage enrichment. In multiple-cage systems, there were fewer daily revolutions, shorter wheel-running activity phases, and delayed running activity onsets. These effects, however, were small as compared to interindividual and week-to-week variation. They were statistically significant only under a light:dark cycle, not in constant darkness, and only when interindividual variation was eliminated through a paired design or when the number of cages was increased to five (the maximum tested). Daily wheel use is thus affected by cage enrichment, but only slightly.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada. reebss@umoncton.ca
authors.forename: Stéphan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Reebs
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maillet
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004777:Environment; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009043:Motor Activity; D017440:Photoperiod; D012420:Running