title: Nickel-induced oxidative stress and effect of antioxidants in human lymphocytes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative effect in human lymphocytes after acute nickel (Ni) treatment for 1 h; levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hydroxyl radicals ((*)OH) were examined in isolated lymphocytes. The potential effects of antioxidants were also examined. After acute treatment, NiCl(2) (0-10 mM) significantly decreased the viability of lymphocytes. NiCl(2) appear to increase the degree of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence and the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in human lymphocytes in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The level of (*)OH was quantified by two main hydroxylated derivates, 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzate (DHB). Levels of 2,3- and 2,5-DHB were significantly higher in the Ni-treated group than in controls. Catalase partially reduced the NiCl(2)-induced elevation of oxidants and TBARS, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) enhanced the level of oxidants and TBARS. Both NiCl(2)-induced fluorescence and LPO were prevented significantly by glutathione (GSH) and mannitol. NiCl(2)-induced increase in generation of (*)OH was prevented significantly by catalase, GSH and mannitol, but not by SOD. These results suggest that NiCl(2)-induced lymphocyte toxicity may be mediated by oxygen radical intermediates, for which the accelerated generation of (*)OH may plays an important role in Ni-induced oxidative damage of human lymphocytes. Catalase, GSH and mannitol each provides protection against the oxidative stress induced by Ni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. chen.changyu@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Chang-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel