title: Accelerated decline and prognostic impact of renal function after myocardial infarction and the benefits of ACE inhibition: the CATS randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information regarding the cardiorenal axis in patients after a myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. We examined the change in renal function after a first MI, the protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and the prognostic value of baseline renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 298 patients with a first anterior wall MI who were randomized to the ACE inhibitor captopril or placebo after completion of streptokinase infusion. Renal function, by means of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was calculated using the Cockroft-Gault equation (GFR(c)). In the placebo group, renal function (GFR(c)) declined by 5.5 min(-1)within 1 year, vs only 0.5 ml min(-1)in the ACE inhibitor group (P<0.05). This beneficial effect of captopril was most pronounced in patients with the most compromised renal function at baseline. The incidence of chronic heart failure (CHF) within 1 year increased significantly with decreasing GFR(c)(divided into tertiles: 24.0, 28.9, and 41.2%; P<0.01). The risk-ratio for GFR(c)<81 ml min(-1)vs >103 mL min(-1)was 1.86 (95% CI 1.11-3.13; P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal function markedly deteriorates after a first MI, but is significantly preserved by ACE inhibition. Furthermore, an impaired baseline renal function adds to the prognostic risk of developing CHF in patients after a first anterior MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology/Thoraxcenter, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands. h.hillege@tcc.azg.nl
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hillege
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Gilst
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: de Graeff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Zeeuw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002216:Captopril