Trace analysis of technical nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in wastewater using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
To enable high sample throughput, an automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method coupled with GC-MS for the trace analysis of technical nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol was developed. The extraction performance of different SPME fibre coatings was examined, with polyacrylate proving most suitable. Although study of the extraction time showed that the analytes have not reached equilibrium after 3 h, as a compromise an extraction time of 1 h was applied in all the experiments with detection limits between 0.04 and 1 microg l(-1) for wastewater effluent. The mean reproducibility of the technique is 8% RSD. Carry-over effects are negligible. The linearity of calibration curves ranges over three orders of magnitude. The method was tested for determining the analytes in influents and effluents of constructed wetland plants and in model wastewater used in laboratory experiments.
Braun
P
P
Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. wild@ana.ufz.de
Moeder
M
M
Schrader
St
S
Popp
P
P
Kuschk
P
P
Engewald
W
W
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002138:Calibration; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds