title: Effect of the duration of dialysis on survival in a cohort of chronic haemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are common in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients, and usually progress with time. Whether the length of dialysis treatment in chronic HD patients is a significant independent risk factor of death is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of chronic HD patients from the Okinawa Dialysis Study, n=1243 (720 men, 523 women), was followed from January 1991 to December 2000, and their survival rates were compared against the duration of HD, which was calculated in months from the start of dialysis therapy to January 1991. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was done to examine the influence of the duration of dialysis on survival, after adjusting for other factors such as age, sex, serum albumin concentration and diastolic blood pressure. The hazards ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of dialysis was 61.9 months and ranged from 1 to 233 months. The numbers of patients who died, underwent renal transplantation or were transferred outside Okinawa were 568 (45.7%), 61 (4.9%) and 14 (1.1%), respectively, during the study. The hazards ratio (95% CI) was 1.002 (1.000-1.004, P=0.0245) for non-diabetic patients and 1.006 (1.001-1.011, P=0.0214) for diabetic patients, suggesting that the longer the duration of dialysis, the greater the risk of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that prolonged dialysis is a significant predictor of death in chronic HD patients, in particular diabetic patients. Whether this is related to the progression of the atherosclerotic process or to uraemic conditions remains to be shown.
authors.affiliation: Dialysis Unit and Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. chihokun@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takishita
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors