title: Is pentoxifylline therapy effective for the treatment of acute rheumatic carditis? A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine whether pentoxifylline has a beneficial effect on the treatment of rheumatic carditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 33 children between the ages 6 and 16 were studied in two groups. The first group (5 boys, 10 girls, mean age: 12.2 +/- 2.9 years) was treated with steroid plus pentoxifylline and the second group (6 boys, 12 girls, mean age; 11.6 +/- 2.8 years) was treated with steroid only for 3-6 weeks until the acute-phase reactants became normal. At admission and on the 7th, 30th, and 90th days of the treatment, laboratory studies including white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, throat culture and cytokines (interleukin-1alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha) were performed. Cardiac evaluation with chest X-ray, electrocardiography and echocardiography was performed in all patients. In the control group (12 boys, 3 girls, mean age; 10.7 +/- 3.2 years) all parameters were evaluated once only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, the similar white blood cell count was significantly decreased on the 90th day, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and interleukin-1alpha were significantly decreased on the 30th and 90th days. In the first group (treated with steroid plus pentoxifylline), the cardiothoracic index was significantly greater at the beginning of the therapy. In the first group, tumour necrosis factor-alpha became normal on the 30th day and in the second group, tumour necrosis factor-alpha became normal on the 7th day of therapy. For all parameters, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the type of therapy used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that pentoxifylline plus steroid treatment has no beneficial effects on the treatment of acute rheumatic carditis when compared with steroid alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. nnarin@erciyes.edu.tr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karakukcu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Narin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akcakus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010431:Pentoxifylline