Dietary, evolutionary, and modernizing influences on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
An evolutionary perspective is used to elucidate the etiology of the current epidemic of type 2 diabetes estimated at 151 million people. Our primate legacy, fossil hominid, and hunting-gathering lifestyles selected for adaptive metabolically thrifty genotypes and phenotypes are rendered deleterious through modern lifestyles that increase energy input and reduce output. The processes of modernization or globalization include the availability and abundance of calorically dense/low-fiber/high-glycemic foods and the adoption of sedentary Western lifestyles, leading to obesity among both children and adults in developed and developing countries. These trends are projected to continue for a number of decades.
Lieberman
Leslie Sue
LS
Women's Research Center and Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-1990, USA. llieberm@mail.ucf.edu
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity; D015995:Prevalence