title: PI3-kinase-induced hyperreactivity in DOCA-salt hypertension is independent of GSK-3 activity.
abstract: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is increased in aortae from deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt rats and enhanced PI3K activity contributes to the arterial hyperreactivity in these animals. Because PI3K activity is increased in DOCA-salt hypertension, we postulated that phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), serine threonine kinases that are downstream of PI3K, would be increased in DOCA-salt hypertension. In this study, we focused on GSK-3. Because GSK-3 activity is reduced by phosphorylation, we expected that its activity would be reduced in DOCA-salt hypertensive arteries and that reduced GSK-3 activity could contribute to enhanced adrenergic signaling and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy that augment the heightened contractile response in DOCA-salt hypertension. Surprisingly, we observed a decrease in phosphorylation of GSK-3, indicating an increase in GSK-3 activity. To determine whether increased GSK-3 activity contributes to altered arterial reactivity in DOCA-salt animals, we measured isometric contraction to norepinephrine (NE) in the presence and absence of PI3K or GSK-3 inhibition. Addition of LY294002 (20 micromol/L), a PI3K inhibitor, resulted in a rightward shift in response to NE and normalized the NE-induced contractions in the DOCA hypertensive vessels. SB415286, a GSK-3 inhibitor, resulted in a slight rightward shift in response to NE in the DOCA-salt vessels. Thus, enhanced GSK-3 activity modestly augments the effects of PI3K but does not appear to contribute greatly to the altered arterial reactivity in DOCA-salt hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich 48109-0676, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Loberg
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Northcott
authors.forename: Stephanie W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Brosius
mesh_terms: D000627:Aminophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D046508:Culture Techniques; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000627:Aminophenols; D002867:Chromones; D003900:Desoxycorticosterone; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D008301:Maleimides; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C417520:3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one