title: Condom use, pregnancy, and STDs in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe and compare adolescent females with and without diabetes in terms of use of condoms, pregnancy outcomes, and sexually transmitted disease (STD) outcomes.
  
  
  
  Data from a multisite, case-controlled, telephone survey study were used in a secondary analysis to evaluate the parameters stated in the purpose.
  
  
  
  The 87 females with type 1 diabetes and 45 nondiabetic females who participated were 16 to 22 years old. Most were Caucasian, in high school, and lived with their parents. No demographic differences were noted between the groups. Of those sexually active, for both groups, the most common contraceptive method was male condoms. Four females with diabetes and 2 without diabetes reported an unplanned pregnancy. Three females with diabetes reported an STD infection (chlamydia or trichomonas). Five females with diabetes and 4 nondiabetic females had abnormal pap tests.
  
  
  
  Adolescent females with and without diabetes engaged in less than optimally protected sexual activity, which increased their risk for unplanned pregnancies and STD infections. Further research is needed of the incidence, treatment, and short-term and long-term complications of STDs in adolescent females with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Department of Health Promo­tion and  Development (Drs. Falsetti, Charron-Prochownik, Sereika, and Kitutu)
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falsetti
authors.affiliation: The University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Department of Health Promo­tion and  Development (Drs. Falsetti, Charron-Prochownik, Sereika, and Kitutu)
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charron-Prochownik
authors.affiliation: The University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Department of Health Promo­tion and  Development (Drs. Falsetti, Charron-Prochownik, Sereika, and Kitutu)
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serelka
authors.affiliation: The University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Department of Health Promo­tion and  Development (Drs. Falsetti, Charron-Prochownik, Sereika, and Kitutu)
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitutu
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School of  Public Health, Department of Health Services Administration (Ms Peterson)
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: University of  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of En­docrinology, Pennsylvania (Dr. Becker)
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University, School of Medi­cine, Department of  Endocrinology, De­troit, Michigan (Dr. Jacober)
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacober
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr. Mansfield)
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.affiliation: St. Louis Children's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Missouri (Dr. White)
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017280:Condoms; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D009511:New England / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*