title: Comparison of oral pentobarbital sodium (nembutal) and oral chloral hydrate for sedation of infants during radiologic imaging: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and oral chloral hydrate to sedate infants undergoing radiologic imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively recorded data for all infants sedated with oral cherry-flavored pentobarbital sodium and oral chloral hydrate for imaging examinations between January 1997 and August 1999. The parameters recorded were each patient's age, weight, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; the time required to sedate; the total length of sedation time; the time required to discharge from the recovery room; and adverse events. The two-sample Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral pentobarbital sodium was administered to 317 infants. These infants had a mean age +/- SD of 6.9 +/- 3.1 months and a mean weight of 7.8 +/- 4.8 kg; they received a median dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Oral chloral hydrate was administered to 358 infants. These infants had a mean age of 5.9 +/- 3.3 months and a mean weight of 7.3 +/- 4.9 kg; they received a median dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. The mean time required to sedate was 19 +/- 14 min for infants receiving oral pentobarbital sodium and 16 +/- 11 min for infants receiving oral chloral hydrate (p = 0.02); the mean time required to discharge was 100 +/- 35 min for infants in the oral pentobarbital sodium group and 103 +/- 36 min for infants in the oral chloral hydrate group (p = 0.31); the mean length of sedation was 81 +/- 34 min for the oral pentobarbital sodium group and 86 +/- 36 min for the oral chloral hydrate group (p = 0.07); and median American Society of Anesthesiologists classification for both groups was P1. Oral pentobarbital sodium was inadequate for sedation in one patient (0.3%) and chloral hydrate was inadequate for sedation in another (0.3%) (p = 1.00). Adverse events were recorded for five patients (1.6%) in the oral pentobarbital sodium group and for six patients (1.7%) in the chloral hydrate group (p = 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral pentobarbital sodium is as safe and efficacious as oral chloral hydrate for sedating infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115,USA.
authors.forename: Veronica J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Rooks
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: Frederic A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hoffer
authors.forename: Keira P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Burrows
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D010424:Pentobarbital