title: Multiple drug resistance in urinary pathogens at Gondar College of Medical Sciences Hospital, Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine multiple drug resistance and its associated factors of urinary pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gondar College of Medical Sciences teaching and Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, between January and October 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mid stream urine samples from 420 subjects were studied by quantitative culture method. Designed Questionnaires were used for data collection on the previous use of antimicrobials, catheterisation and hospitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rates of multiple drug resistance and the associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple drug resistance was common in the isolates tested against ten antibiotics showing more than 68% of the isolates being resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Significant variables associated with this were found to be urinary catheterisation, hospitalisation and previous use of antibiotics for urinary tract infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of multiple drug resistance was very high in this study. Probable contributing factors were found to be previous antibiotic exposure, urinary catheterisation and hospitalisation. Reduction of hospital stays and catheterisation, aseptic care of catheterised patients and selective use of antibiotics and strict follow up of hospital disease controls are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gondar College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moges
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mengistu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genetu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001207:Asepsis / Q000379:methods; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents