title: cDNA gene expression profile homology of antioxidants and their antiapoptotic and proapoptotic activities in human neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: Antioxidants have concentration-dependent neuroprotective and proapoptotic activities in models of Parkinson's disease. The aim of our study was to determine gene-protein pathways of the antioxidants, dopamine (DA), R-apomorphine (R-APO), melatonin, and green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in neuroblastoma cells, using a customized cDNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction gene expression techniques. We demonstrate a concentration-dependent correlation between these compounds and modulation of cell survival/cell death-related gene pathways. High toxic concentration of DA (500 microM), R-APO (50 microM), melatonin (50 microM), and EGCG (50 microM) exhibited a similar profile of proapoptotic gene expression, increasing the level of bax, caspase-6, fas ligand, and the cell-cycle inhibitor gadd45 genes, while decreasing antiapoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Conversely, the low neuroprotective concentrations (1-10 microM) of these compounds induced an antiapoptotic response. Melatonin displayed an extremely low index of mortality, which may be partially explained by the observation that a high concentration did not significantly affect the expression of mitochondrial Bcl-2 family members, bcl-2 and bax. Protein analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, and activated caspase-3 correlated with the gene expression pattern. Our results provide for the first time new insights into the molecular events involved in the dose-dependent neuroprotective and neurotoxic activities of catechols and indole amine compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Technion- Faculty of Medicine, P.O.B. 9697, 31096 Haifa, Israel. Youdim@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Moussa B H
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494826:BAX protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D008550:Melatonin; D001058:Apomorphine; D004298:Dopamine