title: Identification and validation of genes involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer using cDNA microarrays and RNA interference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to profile gene expression changes in colorectal tumors to identify new targets and strategies for the management of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect differences in gene expression between normal tissue and colon tumors and polyps isolated from 20 patients. To identify genes that are important in regulating the growth properties of colorectal cancer, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to disrupt expression of several of the overexpressed genes in a colon tumor cell line, HCT116, which showed similar patterns of gene expression as many of the patient tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression changes of > or =2-fold in approximately one-third of the patients were consistently observed for 2632 of a total of 9592 genes (574 up-regulated genes and 2058 down-regulated genes). Subsequent analysis of 13 genes by quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the reliability of this analysis. RNAi-mediated disruption of the expression of one of these genes, survivin, a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, severely reduced tumor growth both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of microarray analysis and RNAi provides an excellent system to define the role of specific genes that are up-regulated in cancer lead to the increased in vitro and in vivo growth of colon tumors.
authors.affiliation: Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. noelle.williams@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Noelle Sevilir
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scoggin
authors.forename: Udit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Tunc
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gokaslan
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simmang
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tavana
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becerra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002455:Cell Division; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000502:physiology; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D000077022:Survivin; D012313:RNA