title: Antispasmodic effect of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (O. Schwarz) Bässler on the rat isolated duodenum.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of the total extract of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (Schwarz) Bässler (Asteraceae) on rat duodenum. In the first part of experiments, cumulative dose-response curves for acetylcholine (Ach) were obtained and then dose-response curves are repeated after addition of atropine, papaverine and different doses of the extract. In the second part, cumulative dose-response curves to CaCl(2) were obtained in the absence and presence of verapamil and different doses of the extract. In the third part, papaverine and extract were applied to the tissues after contraction with K(+). The extract has exhibited an inhibitory effect on the dose-response curves induced by Ach and CaCl(2) on rat duodenum and significantly reduced the maximal response in a concentration-dependent manner. A similar effect was observed with papaverine but not with atropine on the dose-response curves obtained by ACh. Verapamil also reduced the maximal response in curves induced by CaCl(2). The present results demonstrate that total extract of A. nobilis subsp. sipylea exerts antispasmodic activity on rat duodenum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karamenderes
authors.forename: Sebnem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apaydin
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D000109:Acetylcholine; D011188:Potassium