title: Plasma homocysteine and risk for congestive heart failure in adults without prior myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of vascular disease. It is unclear whether elevated homocysteine levels are a risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study prospectively the association between nonfasting plasma homocysteine and incidence of CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based prospective cohort study of 2491 adults (mean age 72 years, 1547 women) who participated in the Framingham Heart Study during the 1979-1982 and 1986-1990 examinations and were free of CHF or prior myocardial infarction (recognized or unrecognized) at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of a first episode of CHF during an 8-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 156 subjects (88 women) developed CHF. In multivariable analyses controlling for established risk factors for CHF including the occurrence of myocardial infarction (recognized or unrecognized) during follow-up, plasma homocysteine levels higher than the sex-specific median value were associated with an adjusted hazards ratio for heart failure of 1.93 in women (95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.14) and 1.84 in men (95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.17). The relation of plasma homocysteine levels to CHF risk was more continuous in women than in men. In analyses restricted to participants without any manifestation of coronary heart disease at baseline, the association of plasma homocysteine levels with risk of CHF was maintained in men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased plasma homocysteine level independently predicts risk of the development of CHF in adults without prior myocardial infarction. Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Site 2, Framingham, MA 01702-5803, USA. vasan@fram.nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiser
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selhub
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Irwin H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Peter W F
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine