title: A comparative study of cefaclor vs amoxicillin/clavulanate in pediatric pharyngotonsillitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharyngotonsillitis (PT) caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is one of the most common infections of childhood. Two antibiotic suspensions, cefaclor (CEF) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), are commonly used in Poland for the treatment of PT caused by GABHS in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multi-center, randomized, single-blinded study was undertaken in order to compare the efficacy and safety of CEF (20 mg/kg/d) and AMC (25 mg/kg/d) in 10 days treatment of GABHS-related PT. 100 children (mean age 6 years) were enrolled into the study. Clinical and bacteriological assessments were done on the 14-18 th, and 38-45 th days after randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No GABHS strain isolated from throat smears was resistant in vitro to both antibiotics. Both antibiotics had almost 98% effectiveness at the post therapy visit. On follow-up, significantly more relapses and recurrences were observed in the AMC-treated group than in the CEF-treated group (relapse rate 21.28% vs 15.56%, p<0.02, recurrence 10.64% vs 6.66%, p<0.002). The relapse odds ratio in the AMC group was 1.7 times greater than in the CEF group, and recurrence was 1.5 times higher. There were significantly higher rates of gastrointestinal adverse events in children treated by AMC (p<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEF provides a clinically and bacteriologically effective treatment for children with PT caused by GABHS, comparable to AMC but significantly safer in terms of gastrointestinal side effects. AMC shows a greater risk of relapse and recurrence than CEF.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department Eli Lilly Polska, Warsaw, Poland. Haczynski_jozef@lilly.com
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haczyński
authors.forename: Mieczysław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chmielik
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bien
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawalski
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zawadzka-Głos
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mierzwa
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zyłka
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moś
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szendo-Kita
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mozejko-Pastewka
authors.forename: Krzysztof J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Czarnocki
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rek
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D012449:Safety; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002433:Cefaclor; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination