title: Health care resource utilization associated with treatment of penicillin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
abstract: Despite failure to correlate in vitro susceptibility with clinical outcomes for respiratory tract infections and bacteremia, resistance affects management of patients with pneumococcal infections. The economic impact of resistance among pneumococci has not been evaluated. We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study of hospitalized patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood or a respiratory source between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998. Data were collected for 36 days surrounding the day that the first positive culture was collected. Patients were grouped according to isolate penicillin-susceptibility profile [susceptible minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) < or = 0.06 microg/ml, nonsusceptible MIC > or = 0.125 microg/ml), and data were analyzed with respect to health care resource utilization patterns. Of 231 patients identified, 142 and 89 had susceptible and nonsusceptible isolates, respectively. Groups were similar with respect to demographics and comorbidities, except that patients infected with a nonsusceptible isolate were more likely to have the isolate obtained from a respiratory source and to have a history of recent antibiotic therapy. No difference was noted with respect to clinical outcome; however, patients infected with a nonsusceptible isolate had a longer median stay (14 vs 10 days, p<0.05). They also had significantly higher total median costs (1600 dollars, 95% confidence interval 257-2943 dollars) due to room and nursing services. Infections caused by penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were not associated with a worse outcome in hospitalized patients but were associated with increased cost of care.
authors.affiliation: Ferris State University College of Pharmacy, Big Rapids, Michigan, USA. mklepser@borgess.com
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Klepser
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Klepser
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diekema
authors.forename: Essy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mozaffari
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: Gary V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Doern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification