title: Occupational rubber glove allergy: results of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 1995-2001.
abstract: About 21% of the patients with occupational contact dermatitis registered in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) in the years 1995-2001 were patch tested due to suspected rubber glove allergy. We analysed reaction frequencies to thiurams, dithiocarbamates, mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and its derivatives, thioureas, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine (1,3-DPG). Thiurams were by far the most frequent rubber allergens in these patients (16.2% positive reactions, age- and sex-standardized), and the reaction frequency showed a decline from 20.9% in 1997 to 12.8% in 2000. However, this trend was not statistically significant, and was followed by an increase to 16.5% in 2001. All other rubber allergens showed no time trend at all. Although, according to manufacturers' information, the use of dithiocarbamates and MBT derivatives in rubber glove production increased in recent years, these allergens elicited positive reactions in only about 3% of the patients tested, and showed no increasing trend. Thioureas and 1,3-DPG are not widely used in rubber glove production, and play only a minor role in rubber glove contact allergy. Most of the positive reactions to 1,3-DPG are probably false-positive, irritant reactions.
authors.affiliation: Information Network of Departments of Dermatology, University of Göttingen, Germany. jgeier@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lessmann
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Uter
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnuch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000009:adverse effects; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020315:Latex Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000009:adverse effects; D013890:Thiourea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013893:Thiram / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D013893:Thiram; C028000:dibenzothiazyl disulfide; C032788:diphenylthiourea; D013890:Thiourea