title: Cancer of the cervix: knowledge and attitudes of female patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of knowledge of basic symptoms of cancer of the cervix among Tanzanian females and to determine causes of late presentation with advanced disease among cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty nine cervical cancer patients and 178 controls were interviewed between August 1999 and January 2000. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info version 6.04.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Muhimbili National Hospital most patients are admitted in very advanced stages of the disease (Stage IIb and IV). We determined, using a structured questionnaire, knowledge of basic symptoms of cancer of the cervix, attitude and reasons for late presentation among female patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital gynaecological ward. The mean age of cases was 48.8(SD11.1) years and the mean parity was 6.7 years were comparable to that of control, which were 45 years(SD10.8) and mean parity of 6.6 respectively. Mean age in years at marriage was lower for cases 17.5(SD 2.9) than controls 18.8(SD3.5). Majority of cases (50.6%) and controls (23.6%) were illiterate, and 21.3% of cases and 33.7% of controls had incomplete primary education. Majority of both cases (47.23%) and controls (56.7%) had no routine gynaecological examination and they did not find it necessary. More than 90% of the cases were in advanced stages of the disease (stage IIb-IV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cases and controls had low knowledge of basic symptoms of cancer of the cervix and as a result most of those who happen to have problems reported late with advanced disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kidanto
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kilewo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moshiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D003075:Coitus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008393:Marriage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010298:Parity; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014930:Women / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology*