title: Introducing a new recruitment approach to sample collection for genetic association studies in opioid dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a modified case-control association study we tested the assumption that two polymorphisms (A(118)G in exon 1 and IVS2+31 in intron 2) of the human mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) confer susceptibility to opioid dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In contrast to classical case-control studies both groups, opioid dependent cases and non-opioid dependent controls were recruited from individuals who have had access to drugs including opioids and who had been sentenced for violation of the "Dangerous Drugs Act" in Germany.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the two allelic variants of OPRM1 under study we did not find evidence for association with opioid dependence. CONCLUSIONS ;Despite absence of association we think that this recruitment approach introduced here, is useful since it putatively offers a more adequate matching for case-control association studies of opioid dependent individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. petra.franke@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Sibylle G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neef
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Dieter B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wildenauer
authors.forename: Margret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoehe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011329:Prisoners; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu