title: The results of probe technique for transatrial repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Total correction of classic tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by transatrial approach has become a standard procedure with a principal theoretical aim of minimizing structural damage to the pulmonary pump. The most critical point in transatrial repair of TOF is infundibular dissection. Right atrial approach provides better surgical exposure for parietal extension of the infundibular septum when compared to a right ventricular approach. However, it is not always easy to determine the localization and amount of muscle bundles to be resected and this surgical maneuver requires experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients were reviewed who had repair of isolated TOF by this technique from 1993 to 2001. The mean age of patients was 5 +/- 2 years. Transatrial-transpulmonary approach was performed for all patients. To make the infundibular muscle-bundle resection easier and to determine the localization and amount of muscle bundle to be resected, we placed a Hegar dilator into the right ventricle through pulmonary arteriotomy. The muscle bundles between the dilator and the anterior leaflet annulus of the tricuspid valve were totally excised until the intraventricular part of the dilator and pulmonary annulus became completely visible. The area between the Hegar dilator and the margins of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) was left untouched. None of the patients had transannular patch. Tricuspid valve detachment in order to improve the exposure was done in 11 patients. All patients were followed up in our clinic at regular six-month intervals by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no early or late mortality nor reoperation for residual VSD or residual right ventricle (RV) outflow obstruction. All patients were in NYHA class I. RV on the echocardiography was spared late dilatation and had a good late functional status. Eighteen patients had no or mild pulmonary regurgitation. One patient who had undergone tricuspid anterior leaflet detachment showed mild tricuspid insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of hemodynamic outcomes, this procedure for elective repair of TOF in selected cases gives excellent early and mid-term results.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey. atyilmaz58@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmet Turan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cingoz
authors.forename: Bilgehan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.forename: Celalettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gunay
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolcal
authors.forename: Ertugrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozal
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology