title: Essential conservation of D1 mutant phenotype at the level of individual topographies of behaviour in mice lacking both D1 and D3 dopamine receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the absence of agonists and antagonists evidencing appropriate selectivities, individual and interactive properties of D(1) and D(3) dopamine receptors would be illuminated most powerfully by their co-deletion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define and contrast the behavioural phenotype of D(1)/D(3) double knockout mice in comparison with wild types, and with individual D(1) and D(3 )mutants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Behavioural phenotype was characterised using an ethologically based topographical technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On comparison with wild types, D(1)/D(3) double mutants were characterised topographically as follows: increases in sniffing and locomotion, which evidenced delayed habituation; reductions in rearing free, rearing seated, grooming, chewing and stillness. Though the D(1)/D(3) double mutant ethogram comprised elements of both single mutant D(1) and D(3) lines, this phenotype was largely reflective of the D(1) mutant component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct patterns of initial exploratory behaviour and of temporal change over subsequent habituation were evident across the three genotypes, with particular conservation of the D(1) phenotype in D(1)/D(3 )double mutants. Under the present conditions, there was little systematic evidence for D(1):D(3) interactions in the regulation of these aspects of behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Group, Monash University Department of Medicine, Level 5, Block E, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, 3168 Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John Y F
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jeremiah J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Jim S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Massalas
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Waddington
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drago
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C493594:Drd3 protein, mouse; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3