title: Dietary nitrate inhibits stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat.
abstract: Dietary nitrate is reduced to nitrite by some oral bacteria and the resulting nitrite is converted to nitric oxide (NO) in acidic gastric juice. The aim of this study is to elucidate the pathophysiological role of dietary nitrate in the stomach. Intragastric administration of nitrate rapidly increased nitrate and NO in plasma and the gastric headspace, respectively. Water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in gastric mucosa and induced hemorrhagic erosions by a nitrate-inhibitable mechanism. In animals that had received either cardiac ligation or oral treatment with povidone-iodine, a potent bactericidal agent, administration of nitrate failed to increase gastric levels of NO and to inhibit WIRS-induced mucosal injury. WIRS decreased gastric mucosal blood flow by a mechanism which was inhibited by administration of nitrate. These data suggested that the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate and related metabolites consisted of gastrointestinal absorption and salivary secretion of nitrate, its conversion to nitrite by oral bacteria and then to NO in the stomach might play important roles in the protection of gastric mucosa from hazardous stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Ah-Mee
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramoto
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minamiyama
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Eisuke F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C023844:potassium nitrate