title: Effects of stress management on PNI-based outcomes in persons with HIV disease.
abstract: A pretest-posttest, repeated-measures design was used to evaluate the effects of two stress management interventions on a battery of outcomes derived from a psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) framework. The effects of cognitive-behavioral relaxation training groups (CBSM) and social support groups (SSG) were compared with a WAIT-listed control group on the outcomes of psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neuroendocrine mediation, and somatic health. Participants were 148 individuals (119 men, 29 women), diagnosed with HIV disease; 112 (76%) completing the study groups. Using analysis of covariance, the CBSM group was found to have significantly higher postintervention emotional well-being and total quality-of-life scores than did either the SSG or WAIT groups. SSG participants had significantly lower social/family well-being scores immediately postintervention and lower social support scores after 6 months. The findings point to a pressing need for further, well-controlled research with these common intervention modalities.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, Richmond, VA 23298-0567, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: McCain
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Munjas
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Elswick
authors.forename: Jo L Wheeler
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Gonzalez
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baliko
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Kaplowitz
authors.forename: Evelyn J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Carleton T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Brigle
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008873:Mid-Atlantic Region; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone