title: Interactions among the beta2- and beta3- adrenergic receptor genes and total body fat and abdominal fat level in the HERITAGE Family Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interactions between markers in the beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptor (ADR) genes and total body fat and computerized tomography-measured abdominal fat phenotypes were studied in the HERITAGE Family Study cohort of Black (n=205; 81 males and 124 females) and White (n=415; 198 males and 217 females) subjects before and after an endurance training program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Black subjects, beta2- and beta3-ADR gene variants showed evidence of interactions on changes in total body fat mass and abdominal fat area (P<0.005 and =0.010, respectively). Black subjects who were carriers of both beta2-ADR Arg16 and beta3-ADR Arg64 alleles had a greater decrease in total fat mass as well as abdominal total and subcutaneous, but not visceral fat areas in response to endurance training than subjects with other genotype combinations (P from 0.011 to 0.047). After correction for multiple tests, the findings remained essentially unchanged for total body fat mass and abdominal fat area, but became nonsignificant for subcutaneous fat area. The changes in abdominal fat correlated positively with the changes in fat mass (P<0.0001). The interactions between beta2 and beta3-ADR gene markers accounted for a maximum of 3% of the variances in the response of total fat mass and abdominal fat area to endurance training in Black subjects but it was not significant in White subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interactions between sequence variants in the beta2-beta3-ADR gene contributed to the changes in fat mass and abdominal adiposity in response to endurance training in Black subjects.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rankinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wilmore
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D044383:Black People; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000235:genetics; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3