title: Calibrated magnetic resonance hydrometry: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate a quantitative approach to measuring fluid volumes with standard single shot RARE sequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  In phantom experiments, magnetic resonance hydrometry (MRH), in combination with various calibration phantoms (5 mL up to 500 mL) as internal standards, was used to quantify fluid volumes. In total, 16 volume phantoms were investigated with six different calibration phantoms. In addition, noise correction was implemented to correct the quantification results and to avoid the influence of random noise in the image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All MR measurements show significant correlations of up to r = 0.99 (P <.05) with the real applied volume in the investigated phantoms. However, measurements of large volumes were more precise with large calibration phantoms. Noise reduction did not change the correlation between measured and real applied volumes, but did reduce the error of the measured volumes. Calibrated magnetic resonance hydrometry (cMRH) is able to quantify volumes of fluid fast and noninvasively. The volumes of the used calibration phantoms have to be at least in the order of magnitude of the volumes that are to be measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, cMRH using a single-shot rapid acquisition with refocused echoes (ssRARE) sequence and calibration phantoms is a fast and accurate method of quantifying steady amounts of fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. heverhagen@gmx.net
authors.forename: Johannes T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heverhagen
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klose
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001826:Body Fluids; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging