Direct reduction of N-acetoxy-PhIP by tea polyphenols: a possible mechanism for chemoprevention against PhIP-DNA adduct formation.
The chemopreventive effect of tea against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-DNA adduct formation and its mechanism were studied. Rats were exposed to freshly prepared aqueous extracts of green tea (3% (w/v)) as the sole source of drinking water for 10 days prior to administration with a single dose of PhIP (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage. PhIP-DNA adducts in the liver, colon, heart, and lung were measured using the 32P-postlabelling technique. Rats pre-treated with tea and given PhIP 20 h before sacrifice had significantly reduced levels of PhIP-DNA adducts as compared with controls given PhIP alone. The possible mechanism of protective effect of tea on PhIP-DNA adduct formation was then examined in vitro. It was found that an aqueous extract of green and black tea, mixtures of green and black tea polyphenols, as well as purified polyphenols could strongly inhibit the DNA binding of N-acetoxy-PhIP, a putative ultimate carcinogen of PhIP formed in vivo via metabolic activation. Among these, epigallocatechin gallate was exceptionally potent. HPLC analyses of these incubation mixtures containing N-acetoxy-PhIP and the tea polyphenols each revealed the production of the parent amine, PhIP, indicating the involvement of a redox mechanism. In view of the presence of relatively high levels of tea polyphenols in rat and human plasma after ingestion of tea, this study suggests that direct reduction of the ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-PhIP by tea polyphenols is likely to be involved in the mechanism of chemoprotection of tea against this carcinogen.
Lin
Dong-Xin
DX
Division of Cancer Etiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Union Medical University, Beijing 100021, China.
Thompson
Patricia A
PA
Teitel
Candee
C
Chen
Jun-Shi
JS
Kadlubar
Fred F
FF
D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry*; D018736:DNA Adducts; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013662:Tea; D014018:Tissue Distribution
C096092:2-(acetoxyamino)-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols; D011725:Pyridines; D013662:Tea; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine