title: Dental anomalies as a microsymptom of palatal canine displacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective study was performed to investigate whether palatal canine displacement is associated with other dental features permitting early clinical diagnosis of the eruption disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on the complete records of 235/8556 patients at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg i.Br. (mean age = 14.11 years) with at least one palatally displaced permanent canine. These patients were examined for ten different morphologic parameters, e.g. impaction and congenital absence of further teeth, hypoplastic, peg-shaped, rotated and congenitally missing upper lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, Angle classification, and cover-bite (= "Deckbiss"). The data were compared with those of a control sample of the same size with physiologic upper canine eruption (mean-age = 10.0 years). Furthermore, in a right/left comparison the local influence of anomalies of the upper lateral incisors on palatal canine displacement was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analyses revealed that the risk of palatal canine displacement was significantly higher in patients with hypoplasia, peg shape or congenital aplasia of upper lateral incisors, further impacted and congenitally missing teeth and cover-bite. The intergroup differences in terms of gender, rotation of upper lateral incisors and Angle classification were not statistically significant. The right/left comparison revealed a significantly higher risk of palatal canine displacement in association with an adjacent hypoplastic or peg-shaped lateral incisor and with aplasia of the contralateral upper incisor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical significance of the study is that the occurrence of palatally displaced canines is often closely linked with other dental anomalies. In this context, anomalies of upper lateral incisors, aplasia or impaction of further teeth, and the anomaly of cover-bite may serve as indicators of palatal canine displacement. A retarded development of the upper lateral incisor seems to be more disturbing for physiologic canine eruption than aplasia. In patients exhibiting the stated microsymptoms, close clinical follow-up of the maxillary permanent canine eruption during the late exfoliation period is strongly recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Freiburg, Germany. leifert@zmk2.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leifert
authors.forename: Irmtrud E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003481:Cuspid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003792:Dental Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014079:Tooth Eruption, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology