title: Central challenges facing the national clinical research enterprise.
abstract: Medical scientists and public health policy makers are increasingly concerned that the scientific discoveries of the past generation are failing to be translated efficiently into tangible human benefit. This concern has generated several initiatives, including the Clinical Research Roundtable at the Institute of Medicine, which first convened in June 2000. Representatives from a diverse group of stakeholders in the nation's clinical research enterprise have collaborated to address the issues it faces. The context of clinical research is increasingly encumbered by high costs, slow results, lack of funding, regulatory burdens, fragmented infrastructure, incompatible databases, and a shortage of qualified investigators and willing participants. These factors have contributed to 2 major obstacles, or translational blocks: impeding the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical studies and of clinical studies into medical practice and health decision making in systems of care. Considering data from across the entire health care system, it has become clear that these 2 translational blocks can be removed only by the collaborative efforts of multiple system stakeholders. The goal of this article is to articulate the 4 central challenges facing clinical research at present--public participation, information systems, workforce training, and funding; to make recommendations about how they might be addressed by particular stakeholders; and to invite a broader, participatory dialogue with a view to improving the overall performance of the US clinical research enterprise.
authors.affiliation: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, PO Box 13901, 21 T. W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. nsung@bwfund.org
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Genel
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salber
authors.forename: Lewis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandy
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catanese
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tilson
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Getz
authors.forename: Elaine L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheinberg
authors.forename: E Albert
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slavkin
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grebb
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rimoin
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D003219:Confidentiality; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D032921:Consensus; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006281:Health Occupations / Q000193:education; D006291:Health Policy; D006292:Health Priorities; D006801:Humans; D007256:Information Systems; D007258:Informed Consent; D007449:Investments; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D018579:Patient Selection; D011050:Policy Making; D017149:Private Sector; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000600:supply & distribution; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D037041:United States Government Agencies