title: Boosting immunity to influenza H5N1 with MF59-adjuvanted H5N3 A/Duck/Singapore/97 vaccine in a primed human population.
abstract: In 1997, influenza A/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) emerged as a potential human threat. In 1999, a randomised study comparing two doses of MF59-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) surface-antigen vaccine found non-adjuvanted vaccine was poorly immunogenic. Addition of MF59 significantly boosted antibody to H5N1 to levels associated with protection. At 16 months, we undertook a follow-up study to assess the effect of H5N3 revaccination. Geometric mean titres (GMTs) of antibody by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI), microneutralisation (MN) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) indicated that protective antibody titres did not exist at 16 months after two-dose priming. Twenty-one days after revaccination, there was significant boosting of antibody compared to GMTs achieved 21 days after two-dose priming in the original study (P<0.001). MF59 significantly increased GMTs of antibody when compared to non-adjuvanted vaccine (P<0.001).
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, LE1 5WW, Leicester, UK. iain.stephenson@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Karl G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colegate
authors.forename: Audino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podda
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ypma
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zambon
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004655:Emulsions; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013185:Squalene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004655:Emulsions; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C089950:MF59 oil emulsion; D011136:Polysorbates; D013185:Squalene