Phenylpropanolamine and intracranial hemorrhage risk in a Mexican population.
OBJECTIVE
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) has been associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to assess the association between PPA intake and ICH in a Mexican population.


METHODS
We included all patients with ICH aged 18 to 51 years, with no known structural etiology, diagnosed from January 1991 to December 2000. Three to 4 controls per patient matched by sex, age (within 5 years) and place of residence were included. Patients and controls were asked about use of cold medication or appetite suppressant medications within the previous year before the interview. We considered a PPA related hemorrhage when there was a temporal relationship between the use of medication and the development of the hemorrhage, and when other causes could be ruled out. Associated risks for PPA use and other possibly related variables were estimated.


RESULTS
177 patients (mean age 39 +/- 12 years) were included; 58 (33%) were diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and 119 (67%) with ICH. 41.2% (73 of 177) of patients had documented use of PPA within the past year and 10 (5.7%) of them had a temporal relationship between ingestion of PPA and ICH. In control subjects 42.4% (422 of 996) had been exposed to PPA and none of them developed hemorrhage. The time from PPA exposure to the onset of ICH varied from 30 minutes to 24 hours. The risk of PPA exposure for hemorrhage was not significant in cases or controls, OR 0.95 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.34; p = 0.77). No subjects (cases or controls) reported use of PPA as an appetite suppressant.


CONCLUSIONS
We found no association between ingestion of PPA and cerebral hemorrhage with respect to ingestion of PPA in the previous year. When recent use was looked at an apparent risk was evident.
Arauz
Antonio
A
National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery 'Manuel Velasco Suárez', México, México. arauzg@prodigy.net.mx
Velásquez
Leora
L
Cantú
Carlos
C
Nader
Juan
J
López
Mario
M
Murillo
Luis
L
Aburto
Yolanda
Y
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018401:Sample Size; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
D001067:Appetite Depressants; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine