title: Effect of amlodipine on systolic blood pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systolic hypertension is the most common form of hypertension, particularly in people aged >60 years. Caused by decreased compliance of large arteries, systolic hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is more important to control systolic blood pressure (SBP) than diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to perform a systematic literature review to examine the effectiveness of amlodipine in lowering SBP in a variety of patient subgroups and clinical settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature review methodology included identifying, selecting, appraising, extracting, and synthesizing primary research studies. Following an a priori protocol, published literature was searched from 1980 to 2001 using 3 electronic databases. A manual review of the reference lists of recent review articles and all accepted studies was performed. Parallel-group, randomized, controlled trials that included at least 10 adults with baseline hypertension (SBP>or=140 mm Hg, DBP>or=90 mm Hg, or both), included at least 1 arm randomized to initial treatment with amlodipine monotherapy, had a minimum treatment duration of 8 weeks, and reported baseline and end-point blood pressure were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 696 citations identified, 85 primary studies met all inclusion criteria. Comparable treatment arms were pooled, and weightd mean SBP was calculated. In the amlodipine monotherapy arms, which included >5000 patients, SBP decreased by a mean of 17.5 mm Hg from baseline. The effect of amlodipine in reducing SBP was greater in elderly patients (age>or=60 years) and patients with author-defined isolated systolic hypertension. The dose was titrated to achieve the target blood pressure in 73 of 89 amlodipine treatment arms, whereas 16 treatment arms reported fixed doses. The median daily dose was 5 mg (range, 1.25-15 mg) in both the fixed-dose and dose-titration groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this review of the published literature, amlodipine monotherapy was effective in reducing SBP. Antihypertensive agents such as amlodipine warrant consideration for the management of patients with inadequately controlled SBP.
authors.affiliation: MetaWorks Inc., Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fahrbach
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frame
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Rhonda P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Estok
authors.forename: Linda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ludensky
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017311:Amlodipine