title: Functional intensified insulin therapy with short-acting insulin analog: effects on HbA1c and frequency of severe hypoglycemia. An observational cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a particular insulin regimen called "functional insulin therapy" using a short-acting insulin analog on the risk of severe hypoglycemia and the HbA(1c) level among patients already under intensive insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 110 patients with type 1 diabetes receiving intensive insulin therapy with regular insulin for several years was followed during one year after initiation of functional insulin therapy (FIT) with a short-acting insulin analog. The glycemic control was assessed by the mean value of the last three HbA(1c) assays before the initiation of FIT and then by the mean of the following three. The number of severe hypoglycemic episodes/patient/year during the year preceding and the year following the initiation of FIT was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean HbA(1c) level decreased on average by 0.7 percent during the 12-month study (p=0.0001) and the number of episodes of severe hypoglycemia fell to 75% of its previous level (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substitution of intensive insulin therapy using regular insulin for functional insulin therapy using short-acting insulin analog may improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetology and Metabolism, Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France. agnes.heurtier@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartemann-Heurtier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sachon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masseboeuf
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corset
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting