title: Coumarins and carbazoles from Clausena excavata exhibited antimycobacterial and antifungal activities.
abstract: Four known coumarins, dentatin (1), nor-dentatin (2), clausenidin (3) and xanthoxyletin (5), and six known carbazole derivatives, 3-formylcarbazole (6), mukonal (7), 3-methoxycarbonylcarbazole (8), murrayanine (9), 2-hydroxy-3-formyl-7-methoxycarbazole (10) and clauszoline J (11) were isolated from Clausena excavata. Compounds 1 and 6 were first isolated from the crude chloroform extract of the rhizomes. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 showed antimycobacterial activity at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50, 100, 200, 100, 200, 50, 100 and 100 microg/mL, respectively. O-Methylated clausenidin ( 4), prepared from 3, exhibited antimycobacterial activity at MIC 50 microg/mL. Compounds 6, 7, 8 and 10 showed antifungal activity with IC 50 values of 13.6, 29.3, 9.5 and 2.8 microg/mL, respectively. All compounds demonstrated no cytotoxicity against KB and BC-1 cell lines.
authors.forename: Arunrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunthitikawinsakul
authors.forename: Ngampong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kongkathip
authors.forename: Boonsong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kongkathip
authors.forename: Sida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phonnakhu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Spande
authors.forename: Yuth
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nimit
authors.forename: Sasarose
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rochanaruangrai
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003374:Coumarins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots; D027821:Rutaceae
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D003374:Coumarins; D010936:Plant Extracts