Armadillo/beta-catenin signals in the nucleus--proof beyond a reasonable doubt?
Wnt signalling results in transcriptional stimulation of genes controlling normal and malignant development. A key effector of the canonical Wnt pathway is beta-catenin (also known as Drosophila melanogaster Armadillo (Arm)), thought to function as a nuclear co-activator of TCF transcription factors. This has been challenged by unexpected observations of membrane-bound Arm/beta-catenin signalling activity. Plausible explanations allow these observations to be reconciled with the large body of evidence supporting a nuclear function of Arm/beta-catenin.
Bienz
Mariann
M
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. mb2@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
Clevers
Hans
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D000818:Animals; D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
C495305:ARM protein, Drosophila; D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin