title: Immunity to liver stage malaria: considerations for vaccine design.
abstract: Malaria is the world's deadliest parasitic disease and effective control measures are a public health priority. Most deaths in humans from malaria are caused by one species of the protozoa, Plasmodium falciparum. An efficacious and cost-effective vaccine against this parasite is considered a holy grail of modern molecular medicine. A vaccine that targets liver stage parasites would prevent infection from reaching the blood and causing clinical disease. Among known P. falciparum antigens, liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1) is the only protein expressed exclusively by infected hepatocytes. Several independent studies in humans have consistently related immune responses to LSA-1 with resistance to infection or disease, providing a powerful rationale for the development of liver stage vaccines. Investigations by ourselves and others aim to dissect the mechanism of cellular immunity to LSA-1 and to evaluate in different delivery systems epitopes associated with protection as components of a multiantigen malaria vaccine. The first clinical trials are already being conducted, the results of which are eagerly awaited.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Taylor-Robinson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; C067302:liver stage-specific antigen, Plasmodium