title: What are the effects of antipsychotics on sexual dysfunctions and endocrine functioning?
abstract: The literature is reviewed and preliminary results of new studies are presented showing that treatment with classical antipsychotics, as well as risperidone, induces sexual dysfunctions in 30-60% of the patients. These antipsychotics also frequently induce amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. Although comparative studies are rare, it is likely that prolactin-sparing antipsychotics, as recently shown in a randomized trial of olanzapine versus risperidone, induce less sexual side effects.From these studies, it becomes apparent that prolactin elevation induced by classical antipsychotics and risperidone is probably a factor in inducing sexual dysfunctions, amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. The role of other factors inducing sexual dysfunctions like sedation, proportional, variant -blockade, testosterone, dopamine, and serotonin is discussed. Finally, it is concluded that sexual and hormonal effects of antipsychotics, although clearly important, are often neglected in research as in clinical practice. Lowering the dosage or switching to a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic often reduces sexual side effects, amenorrhoea, and galactorrhoea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB., P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands. rikus@iname.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knegtering
authors.forename: A E G M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van der Moolen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castelein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kluiter
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van den Bosch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011388:Prolactin