title: Toothbrushing causes elemental release from dental casting alloys over extended intervals.
abstract: The release of elements from dental alloys has been linked to alloy biocompatibility. Much of the research measuring elemental release has been done in vitro under passive conditions. The current study supplements a previous report that measured elemental release from dental alloys during and after the equivalent of 1 week of toothbrushing. In the current study, toothbrushing times were extended to the equivalent of 2 years, and elemental release was measured during and after brushing, with and without toothpaste. The results showed that for the major classes of dental alloys, brushing alone caused no significant elemental release during the brushing, and only minor increases after brushing. Brushing with toothpaste caused significant increases in elemental release for all elements of all alloys, but the largest increases were for the two nickel-based alloys. Nickel released during brushing with toothpaste reached 600-800 microg/cm(2) of alloy surface. Both beryllium-containing and non-beryllium-containing nickel-based alloys behaved similarly, refuting claims that non-beryllium alloys are superior in this regard. Thus, brushing with toothpaste under these extended in vitro conditions appears to increase the biological liabilities from elemental release for all alloys, but primarily for nickel-based alloys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1260, USA. watahaj@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wataha
authors.forename: Petra E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mettenburg
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouillaguet
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D001608:Beryllium / Q000032:analysis; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004602:Elements; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D004602:Elements; D014100:Toothpastes; D009532:Nickel; D001608:Beryllium