title: Effects of mixed-action kappa/mu opioids on cocaine self-administration and cocaine discrimination by rhesus monkeys.
abstract: kappa-Opioid agonists may functionally antagonize some behavioral effects of cocaine, but the role of mixed kappa/mu receptor activity is unclear. The effects of three mixed kappa/mu agonists (MCL-101, (-)cyclorphan, and Mr2034) and one kappa-selective agonist (enadoline) on cocaine self-administration and cocaine discrimination were compared in rhesus monkeys. Acute treatment with all kappa agonists dose dependently reduced cocaine-maintained responding and produced a downward shift in the cocaine self-administration dose-effect curve (0.001-0.32 mg/kg/inj, i.v.). During 7 days of chronic treatment, (-)cyclorphan (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/h) and MCL-101 (0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/h) each dose dependently reduced cocaine self-administration maintained by a dose near the peak of the cocaine self-administration dose-effect curve. MCL-101 (0.032 mg/kg/h) produced selective and sustained decreases in cocaine self-administration, whereas (-)cyclorphan (0.032 mg/kg/h) had selective but transient effects. In addition, these mixed kappa/mu agonists produced fewer side effects (some salivation) than the kappa-selective agonist (sedation, salivation, emesis). However, none of these kappa agonists substituted for or antagonized cocaine's discriminative stimulus effects in monkeys trained to discriminate cocaine (0.4 mg/kg, i.m.) from saline. Thus, kappa and mixed kappa/mu-opioid agonists may reduce cocaine self-administration without altering cocaine's discriminative stimulus effects. Mixed kappa/mu agonists appear to offer some advantages over selective kappa agonists as potential treatments for cocaine abuse.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: S Stevens
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Negus
authors.forename: Rushi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neumeyer
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bidlack
authors.forename: Nancy K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mello
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology; D012646:Self Administration / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009294:Narcotics; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D003042:Cocaine