title: Highly pyrimethamine-resistant alleles of dihydrofolate reductase in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Tanzania.
abstract: In 2000 we used a sensitive technique to examine 9 isolates from malaria patients in Muheza, Tanzania who had failed treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Three isolates carried, at low levels, the leucine to isoleucine change at amino acid 164 that is associated with clinical failure of SP. Numerous other highly resistant alleles were also observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Box 357360, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7360, USA.
authors.forename: Michele D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Monks
authors.forename: Theonest K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mutabingwa
authors.forename: Carol Hopkins
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sibley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013636:Tanzania; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D011739:Pyrimethamine