title: Enhanced secretion and low temperature stabilization of a hyperthermostable and Ca2+-independent alpha-amylase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans by surfactants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Selection of suitable surfactants for enhancing and stabilizing alpha-amylase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geobacillus thermoleovorans was cultivated in shake flasks containing 50 ml of starch-yeast extract-tryptone (SYT) medium with/without surfactants. Titres of the enzyme in media were monitored. The enzyme was also preserved at 4 degrees C with/without surfactants and enzyme activities were determined. Among polyethylene glycol (PEGs) of different molecular weights, PEG 8000 (0.5%, w/v) caused a slight increase in the enzyme titre, while Tween-20, Tween-40 and Tween-60 (0.03%, w/v) exerted a significant stimulatory effect on enzyme secretion. In the presence of SDS, Tween-80 and cholic acid (0.03%, w/v), the enzyme production was nearly twofold higher than that in the control. The anionic (SDS, cholic acid) and non-ionic (Tweens) detergents increased the cell membrane permeability, and thus, enhanced alpha-amylase secretion. Furthermore, anionic surfactants exhibited stabilizing effect on the enzyme during preservation at 4 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEG 8000 and the ionic detergents (SDS, cholic acid and Tween-80) were more effective in the solubilization of cell membrane components, and enhancing enzyme yields than the cationic detergents such as CTAB (N,Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide). Further, these surfactants were found to stabilize the enzyme at 4 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The secretion of Ca2+-independent hyperthermostable alpha-amylase was enhanced in the presence of certain anionic and non-ionic detergents in the medium. Furthermore, the surfactants stabilized the enzyme during preservation at 4 degrees C. The use of this enzyme in starch hydrolysis eliminates the addition of Ca2+ in starch liquefaction and its subsequent removal by ion exchange from sugar syrups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Uma Maheswar Rao
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
mesh_terms: D001406:Bacillaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D003470:Culture Media; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000516:alpha-Amylases