title: Techniques: Visualizing apoptosis using nuclear magnetic resonance.
abstract: Apoptosis plays a key role in tumour biology, and the induction of apoptosis forms a cornerstone of most anticancer therapies. New developments in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have taken these techniques far beyond their original roles as the workhorses of structural and pharmaceutical chemistry and clinical imaging to the detection of previously inaccessible and unrecognized biological phenomena in living cells and tissues undergoing apoptosis. These new MR techniques can be used in the development of new drugs and in the improved detection of treatment responses in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical NMR, National Bio-NMR Facility, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. juhana.hakumaki@uku.fi
authors.forename: Juhana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hakumäki
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brindle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy