title: Influence of concurrent renal dysfunction on outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and implications of the use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the in-hospital outcome and influence of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists on patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) across a range of renal function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent studies demonstrate increasing cardiovascular risk with progressive renal dysfunction. Previous studies investigating GP IIb/IIIa antagonist use have excluded patients with renal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting with ACS between January 1999 and May 2000 were identified, and data on demographics, in-hospital management, and clinical events were collected using standardized definitions. Patients were stratified according to renal function assessed by calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) at presentation. Primary outcome measures included in-hospital mortality and major bleeding events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal insufficiency was present in 312 of 889 patients. There were 40 in-hospital deaths. In non-dialysis-dependent patients, as CrCl worsened, there was a decline in utilization of routine diagnostics and therapeutics, an increase in in-hospital mortality (p = 0.002), and an increase in major bleeding (p = 0.03). Although the use of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists was associated with an increase in major bleeding (p < 0.001), there was a protective effect on in-hospital mortality (p = 0.04) after controlling for CrCl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal dysfunction is present in a substantial proportion of patients with ACS and is associated with increased in-hospital death. Although GP IIb/IIIa antagonist use in patients with ACS and renal insufficiency resulted in increased bleeding events, its administration was associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in future randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. rosariof@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Rosario V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Rajendra H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Wisam
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al Badr
authors.forename: Jeanna V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kline-Rogers
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D003404:Creatinine