title: Effect of prostacyclin on platelets, polymorphonuclear cells, and heterotypic cell aggregation during hemofiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodialysis activates both platelets and leukocytes, which play a role in the development of multiple organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients. Prostacyclin inhibits both cell types. To examine the hypothesis that prostacyclin prevents cellular activation during clinical hemofiltration, we investigated the expression of activation markers on platelets and leukocytes using whole blood flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 consecutive, critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients with acute renal failure secondary to sepsis or major surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  For anticoagulation during hemofiltration, patients received either unfractionated heparin or unfractionated heparin and prostacyclin (5 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Anticoagulants were administered into the extracorporeal circuit before the hemofilter. Blood samples were obtained from an arterial catheter before hemofiltration and from the inlet and outlet lines of the extracorporeal circuit at 1 and 24 hrs during hemofiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of GP IIb-IIIa and P-selectin on adenosine diphosphate-activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregation were significantly lower after the passage of blood through the hemofilter in patients receiving an extracorporeal infusion of prostacyclin plus heparin when compared with control patients receiving heparin only. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of CD11b on leukocytes between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that prostacyclin reversibly inhibits platelet function by diminishing the expression of platelet fibrinogen receptors and P-selectin and reduces heterotypic platelet-leukocyte aggregation during clinical hemofiltration. However, prostacyclin fails to inhibit leukocyte activation at clinically relevant doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Vienna School of Medicine, Austria. sibylle.kozek@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Sibylle A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kozek-Langenecker
authors.forename: Christian K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Spiss
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalek-Sauberer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felfernig
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimpfer
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019007:P-Selectin; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D006493:Heparin; D011464:Epoprostenol