title: Gentamicin pharmacokinetics during slow daily home hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gentamicin is commonly used in hemodialysis patients. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics during traditional hemodialysis have been described. Slow daily home (SDH) hemodialysis (7 to 9 hours a day/6 days a week) use is increasing due to benefits observed with increased hemodialysis. We determined gentamicin pharmacokinetics for SDH hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients (four male and four female) received a single intravenous dose of 0.6 mg/kg gentamicin post-hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after dose. The next day patients underwent a typical SDH hemodialysis (high-flux F50NR dialyzer) session. Blood samples were taken at 0, 5, 15, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 minutes during and 15, 30 and 60 minutes post-hemodialysis. Baseline and 24-hour urine samples were collected. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated assuming a one-compartment model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were 42.5 +/- 13.1 years old (mean +/- SD). Inter-, intra-, and post-hemodialysis collection periods were 17.0 +/- 2.1 hours, 8.1 +/- 0.4 hours, and 1.1 +/- 0.1 hours, respectively. Intra-, and interdialytic gentamicin half-lives were different (intradialytic, 3.7 +/- 0.8 hours; interdialytic, 20.4 +/- 4.7 hours; P < 0.0001). Hemodialysis clearance accounted for 70.5% gentamicin total clearance. Renal clearance correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (renal clearance=1.2 GFR; r2=0.98; P < 0.001). Mean peak and trough of hemodialysis concentrations were 1.8 +/- 0.6 microg/mL and 0.5 +/- 0.2 microg/mL, respectively. Post-hemodialysis rebound was 3.1 +/- 8.8% at 1 hour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacokinetic model predicts 2.0 to 2.5 mg/kg dose gentamicin post-hemodialysis would provide peak (1 hour post-dose) and trough (end of SDH hemodialysis session) concentrations of 6.0 to 7.5 microg/mL and 0.7 to 0.8 microg/mL, respectively. This would provide adequate coverage for most gram-negative organisms in SDH hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City 64108, USA. manleyh@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Harold J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bailie
authors.forename: Marcy L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McClaran
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Bender
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006437:Hemodialysis, Home; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins