title: Postoperative endoscopic surveillance of human living-donor small bowel transplantations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the significance of endoscopic surveillance in the diagnosis of acute rejection after human living-donor small bowel transplantations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic surveillance was performed through the ileostomy after human living-donor small bowel transplantations. The intestinal mucosa was observed and biopsies were performed for pathological observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute rejection was diagnosed in time by endoscopic surveillance. The endoscopic and pathological manifestations of acute rejection were described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic surveillance and biopsy are reliable methods to diagnose the acute rejection after human living-donor small bowel transplantations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Disease, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China. charlson_cole@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Chang-Cun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Cai-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: An-Hua
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xue-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ji-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Bo-Rong
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents