title: Distortion and movement of the expander during skin expansion.
abstract: Distortion and movement of tissue expanders can cause expansion of the wrong area, such as the naevus or the scar that is to be resected. In 71 rectangular expanders, we examined the incidence of distortion (over 15 degrees) and movement (over 3 cm). We divided the expanders into three anatomical site groups: scalp, body, and extremities, and compared the complication rate between two study groups (distortion or movement, or not). In total, the incidence of distortion was 15/71 (21%) and that of movement 5/71 (7%). Distortion occurred mainly in the extremities (11/33,33%). The implanted expanders tended to move more often in the body part (3/15, 20%). In the extremities, the bigger the angle between the axis of the implanted expander and that of the extremity, the bigger the angle of distortion. Although the incidence of complications between the two groups was not significant, except for alteration in design of the flap, we recommend that these points should be considered when preoperative plans are being made for appropriate patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. makuwa@nmu-gw.naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatoko
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yurugi
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mashiba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices