title: The prediction of plasma and brain levels of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal application.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to construct a pharmacokinetic (PK) model and to determine PK parameters of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) after application of TMP transdermal delivery system. Data were obtained in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats following a single dose of TMP transdermal delivery system. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 16, and 24 hours after the transdermal application. In the brain level study, 18 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Three SD rats before and after transdermal application were culled and sacrificed at each of the following time intervals: 2, 4, 6, 16, and 24 hours after the TMP-TTS application. TMP concentrations in plasma and brain tissues were determined using high performance liquid chromatography and data were fitted using a zero-order absorption and a first-order-elimination 3-compartment PK model. Fitted parameters included 2 volumes of distribution (V1, V2) and 2 elimination rate constants (k10, k20). The elimination half-life for TMP in plasma and brain was 26.5 and 31.2 minutes, respectively. The proposed PK model fit observed concentrations of TMP very well. This model is useful for predicting drug concentrations in plasma and brain and for assisting in the development of transdermal systems.
authors.affiliation: Global Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Worldwide Consumer Medicines, 1350 Liberty Avenue, Hillside, NJ 07111, USA. xiaohong.qi@bms.com
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Chrisita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Duxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D011719:Pyrazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine