title: Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the performance of the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) and its components to identify early in the hospital course of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) which patients are responding to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter, in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intensive care unit of six hospitals located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients, from a cohort of 472 mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized for >72 hrs, had clinical evidence of VAP and bacteriologic confirmation by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or blood cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchoscopy with BAL fluid culture and blood cultures after establishing a clinical diagnosis of VAP. All patients received antibiotics, 46 before bronchoscopy and 17 immediately after bronchoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPIS was measured at 3 days before VAP (VAP-3); at the onset of VAP (VAP); and at 3 (VAP+3), 5 (VAP+5), and 7 (VAP+7) days after onset. CPIS rose from VAP-3 to VAP and then fell progressively in the population as a whole (p <.001), and the fall in CPIS was significant in 31 survivors, but not in 32 nonsurvivors. From the individual components of the CPIS, only the Pao /Fio ratio distinguished survivors from nonsurvivors, beginning at VAP+3. When CPIS was <6 at 3 or 5 days after VAP onset, mortality was lower than in the remaining patients (p =.018). These differences also related to the finding that those receiving adequate therapy had a slight fall in CPIS and a significant increase of Pao /Fio at VAP+3, whereas those getting inadequate therapy did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial measurements of CPIS can define the clinical course of VAP resolution, identifying those with good outcome as early as day 3, and could possibly be of help to define strategies to shorten the duration of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary and Critical Care Divisions, Department of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. cymluna@fmed.uba.ar
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blanzaco
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Niederman
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matarucco
authors.forename: Natalio C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desmery
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palizas
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menga
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apezteguia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents