title: Hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding and procedures after renal transplantation in the United States.
abstract: The risk of hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in renal transplant recipients has not been studied in a national renal transplant population. Therefore, 42,906 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) from 1 July 1994 - 30 June 1998 were analyzed in an historical cohort study of hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of GIB (ICD9 Code 578.9x) using Cox regression analysis. The 1997 National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to obtain rates of GIB for the general population. Renal transplant recipients had a cumulative incidence of hospitalizations for GIB of 334 events/100,000 person-years. In 1997, compared to the general population, renal transplant recipients had an age-adjusted rate ratio for GIB of 10.69 at one year of follow-up. The strongest risk factors for GIB in Cox regression analysis were graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.28 (2.84-6.47) and African American recipients who experienced allograft rejection (AHR, 3.04, 95% CI, 1.45-6.37). GIB was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI, 1.39-2.28). GIB is significantly more common in renal transplant recipients than in the general population, and the strongest risk factors are graft loss and African Americans who experience rejection.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplantation Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Cal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Sidney J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Lawrence Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Agodoa
authors.forename: Kent C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Holtzmuller
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Abbott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology