title: Aspergillus infection in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis: risk factors and outcomes comparison to other types of transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize Aspergillus infections in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive lung transplant recipients with CF who underwent bilateral lung transplant at the University of Wisconsin from 1994 to 2000 to determine the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of Aspergillus infection. The findings were compared to 101 non-CF recipients of lung transplants (93) and heart-lung transplants (8) for other transplant indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung transplant recipients with CF or other indications for transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen of 32 CF recipients (53%) had Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from their respiratory secretions prior to undergoing transplantation. Ten of these 17 (59%) recipients had A fumigatus persistently found in their respiratory secretions posttransplant vs 6 of 15 CF patients (40%) who had not been colonized pretransplant and 28 of 101 of the non-CF recipients (28%). Four of the preoperatively colonized CF recipients developed tracheobronchial aspergillosis (TBA) just distal to the bronchial anastomoses, and one recipient had dehiscence of the involved anastomosis. None of the CF recipients developed disseminated aspergillosis or pneumonia. Prophylactic antifungal therapy did not prevent TBA, and IV amphotericin B therapy was required to clear the infection in all four patients, with endobronchial debridement of necrotic tissue required in two of them. In contrast, 10 of the non-CF (10%) recipients developed Aspergillus infections posttransplant (TBA, 4 recipients; pneumonitis, 6 recipients), and only 3 patients had successful treatment and long-term survival (TBA, 2 patients; pneumonia, 1 patient). Donor lung ischemia time, cytomegalovirus infection or pneumonia, or pretransplant mechanical ventilation did not increase the risk of developing TBA in CF recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of TBA for patients receiving lung transplants for CF warrants early surveillance bronchoscopy to detect TBA, particularly in recipients with pretransplant colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmi
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.forename: Keith C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B