title: Methods to assess and improve the physical parameters associated with fall risk in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Falls are common among older adults. Many physical parameters including reduced postural stability, decreased dynamic balance, gait disorders, strength deficits, difficulty standing from a chair, and other impairments have been shown to be strongly associated with fall risk in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify those at risk for falls, tools that accurately measure physical performance parameters associated with falls are essential. Several tools are available to measure these parameters including clinical evaluations, functional performance tests, and questionnaires. The article describes many of the tools that can be used to evaluate the physical parameters associated with fall risk in older adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described instruments can help in identifying those who are most likely to fall, and those who would benefit from targeted interventions. The final part of the article includes a brief discussion of the potential role of exercise training interventions to improve these physical parameters and prevent falls.
authors.affiliation: Center for Physical Activity and Aging, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Studies, 1845 N. Fairmount, Wichita State University, KS 67260-0016, USA. michael.rogers@wichita.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Mohammod M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment