title: Efficacy of Silwet L-77 against several arthropod pests of table grape.
abstract: Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was applied to several arthropod pests of California table grapes. Eggs of grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn), and omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham, were tolerant to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% treatment solutions; however, eggs of Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, were highly susceptible with mortality >99.4% (0.1% Silwet L-77). Mortality of immature and adult stages of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), and Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus McGregor) was > or = 93.8, > or = 98.5, and > or = 99.4% for 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% Silwet L-77, respectively. Grape mealybug crawlers had 100% mortality when treated with 0.5 and 1.0% Silwet L-77 solutions; however, mortality was only 6.7% when 0.1% Silwet L-77 was applied. 'Thompson Seedless' table grapes were not damaged when treated with up to 1% Silwet L-77; however, grapes treated with the 0.5 and 1.0% solutions appeared wet after removal from cold storage because of the effect of the surfactant spreading the water condensation. Grapes dried with the normal bloom on the berries when they reached room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pomology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tipping
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bikoba
authors.forename: Gabriel J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mitcham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids; D005638:Fruit; D006430:Hemiptera; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta; D007915:Lepidoptera; D008925:Mites; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D027843:Vitis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C473569:silwet L-77