title: Effect of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole on the righting reflex ED50 and minimum alveolar concentration during sevoflurane anaesthesia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine the effect of acute and chronic administration of 7-nitroindazole, a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the righting reflex ED50 and the minimum alveolar concentration during sevoflurane anaesthesia in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  7-Nitroindazole was acutely (0, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) and chronically (0 and 150 mg kg(-1) day(-1), 4 days) administered to rats. After the preparation, the minimum alveolar concentration and the righting reflex ED50 were measured. The concentration of cGMP in the brain, cerebellum and spinal cord was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute administration reduced the minimum alveolar concentration (50 mg kg(-1), 58.8% (95% CI: 50.3-67.3%) of the baseline value, P < 0.01; 100 mg kg(-1), 55.8 (46.9-64.7), P < 0.01) and the righting reflex ED50 (50 mg kg(-1), 27.2 (17.2-37.2), P < 0.01; 100 mg kg(-1), 14.3 (6.6-22.0), P < 0.01). Chronic administration did not reduce the minimum alveolar concentration; however, it reduced the righting reflex ED50 (65.3 (52.9-77.7), P < 0.01). Overall, the reduction in minimum alveolar concentration in the acute and chronic protocol did not correlate with that of the righting reflex ED50. 7-Nitroindazole (100 mg kg(-1), acute) reduced the cGMP concentration within the cerebellum by 55.4%; however, it did not decrease concentrations in the brain or spinal cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different mechanisms are responsible for the observed alterations to the minimum alveolar concentration and the righting reflex ED50 following treatment with 7-nitroindazole. The nitric oxide-cGMP pathway might play a less important role in the determination of minimum alveolar concentration than the righting reflex ED50.
authors.affiliation: Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu, Japan. je2fbw@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D006152:Cyclic GMP; C080122:7-nitroindazole