title: Development of indomethacin Carbopol ETD 2001 gels and the influence of storage time and temperature on their stability.
abstract: We investigated the development of a topical indomethacin gel formulation of suitable consistency using Carbopol ETD 2001 as the gelling agent. Topical gel formulations containing 1% w/w indomethacin (IND), 1% w/w Carbopol ETD 2001 (C2001), 1% of trethanolamine (TEA), 30% hexylene glycol (HG) and 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG 300) were prepared with excipients Tween 80, PVP 25, both Tween 80 and PVP 25 or neither agent. These four gel formulations were tested after a period of 1 and 4 weeks at storage temperature of 6 degrees C, 20 +/- 2 degrees C and 45 degrees C. Physical evaluation of the stability of these gels was carried out by microscopic and rheological tests, measurement of pH and by visual inspection. Rheological properties were studied using the cone and plate method at shear rates of 600 to 6000 1/s. Viscosities corresponding to shear rates were also calculated. Our results indicated that C2001 could be used as a gelling agent for IND in topical preparations. IND-C2001 gels were clear and exhibited an acceptable appearance; gel behaviour was non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic. The addition of either Tween 80 or PVP 25 to the base gel formulation significantly increased the shear stresses and viscosity of the gels. These novel formulations exhibited good physical stability throughout the 4-week examination periods as inferred from pH measurements and microscopic examination. Additionally, the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour of the gels was maintained throughout storage, with only a minimal decrease in gel viscosity after 4 weeks. Differences in consistencies of the four formulations, although initially apparent, were no longer evident after 4 weeks of storage for all temperature conditions examined. Gels stored at high temperature (45 degrees C) developed a dark yellow color and decreased in viscosity compared to other storage temperature.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland. Amna_s86@yahoo.ca
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shawesh
authors.forename: Am
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaukonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kallioinen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yliruusi
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005782:Gels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012212:Rheology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D011145:Polyvinyls; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D007213:Indomethacin