title: Predicting factors for survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a management guideline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When pancreatic cancer cannot be resected, palliative procedures including gastroenteric bypass and biliary bypass may be selected. However, since predicting survival is difficult, indication of these procedures remains unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the prognostic factors of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer in order to improve their quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 187 consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer at the Kobe University Hospital. Fifteen prognostic variables for survival were analyzed (sex, age, the degree of pain, diet, presence of jaundice, main site of the tumor, tumor size, major vessel invasion, liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, distal metastasis and operative procedures) in surgically treated patients (n = 125). All patients were followed until death. Cox's proportional hazard model and logistic regression models were used to determine the factors influencing the survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that duodenal invasion (p = 0.001) and liver metastasis (p < 0.0001) significantly influenced the survival of the patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, liver metastasis (p = 0.009) and peritoneal dissemination (p = 0.004) were significant factors on the six-month survival after palliative operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver metastasis and peritoneal dissemination were negative predictive factors for the six-month survival of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Palliative bypass surgery is recommended for patients expected to survive long-term (more than six-months).
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kobe University Faculty of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. yasu120@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ajiki
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanioka
authors.forename: Yonson
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors