title: Effects of nicotine deprivation on craving response covariation in smokers.
abstract: Most models of craving propose that when cravings are strong, diverse responses--thought to index an underlying craving state--covary. Previous studies provided weak support for this hypothesis. The authors tested whether nicotine deprivation affects degree of covariation across multiple measures related to craving. Heavy and light smokers (N = 127) were exposed to smoking cues while either nicotine deprived or nondeprived. Measures included urge ratings, affective valence, a behavioral choice task assessing perceived reinforcement value of smoking, and smoking-related judgment tasks. Results indicated higher correlations in the nicotine-deprived than in nondeprived group. The measures principally responsible for this effect loaded onto a single common Craving factor for nicotine-deprived but not nondeprived smokers. These findings suggest that, under certain conditions, measures of craving-related processes covary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. sayette@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sayette
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wertz
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perrott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003463:Cues; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine