title: Quantitative tumor oxymetric images from 4D electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI): methodology and comparison with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI.
abstract: This work presents a methodology for obtaining quantitative oxygen concentration images in the tumor-bearing legs of living C3H mice. The method uses high-resolution electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). Enabling aspects of the methodology include the use of injectable, narrow, single-line triaryl methyl spin probes and an accurate model of overmodulated spectra. Both of these increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resulting in high resolution in space (1 mm)(3) and oxygen concentrations (approximately 3 torr). Thresholding at 15% the maximum spectral amplitude gives leg/tumor shapes that reproduce those in photographs. The EPRI appears to give reasonable oxygen partial pressures, showing hypoxia (approximately 0-6 torr, 0-10(3) Pa) in many of the tumor voxels. EPRI was able to detect statistically significant changes in oxygen concentrations in the tumor with administration of carbogen, although the changes were not increased uniformly. As a demonstration of the method, EPRI was compared with nearly concurrent (same anesthesia) T(2)*/blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI. There was a good spatial correlation between EPRI and MRI. Homogeneous and heterogeneous T(2)*/BOLD MRI correlated well with the quantitative EPRI. This work demonstrates the potential for EPRI to display, at high spatial resolution, quantitative oxygen tension changes in the physiologic response to environmental changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elas
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parasca
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mailer
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pelizzari
authors.forename: Marta A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: River
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Karczmar
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Halpern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000378:metabolism*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen