title: Pharmacological effects of intravenous melatonin: comparative studies with thiopental and propofol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Possible utility of high-dose i.v. melatonin as an anaesthetic adjuvant has not been studied. This study compared its effects with thiopental and propofol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to receive bolus or cumulative i.v. doses of melatonin, thiopental or propofol. Righting reflex, hindpaw withdrawal to a noxious stimulus, response to tail clamping and haemodynamic effects were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Melatonin caused a dose-dependent increase in paw withdrawal threshold and the percent of rats displaying loss of the righting reflex. Melatonin was comparable to thiopental and propofol in terms of its rapid onset of hypnosis. The mean ED(50) values for loss of righting reflex were 5.4 (SEM 1.2), 12.5 (1.1) and 178 (1.1) mg kg(-1) for propofol, thiopental and melatonin, respectively. The percent of rats displaying loss of response to tail clamping was greater with propofol than with melatonin (P<0.05). Haemodynamic changes produced by melatonin or propofol were similar in onset and magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I.V. melatonin can exert hypnotic effects similar to those observed with thiopental and propofol. Melatonin exhibited significant antinociceptive effects but was less effective in abolishing the response to tail clamping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1009, USA. mohamed-naguib@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cutkomp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Queral
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013874:Thiopental; D008550:Melatonin; D015742:Propofol