title: Cigarette smoking and khat chewing among university instructors in Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and risk factors of cigarette smoking and khat chewing.
  
  
  METHODS
  College based cross sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four colleges found in north west Ethiopia namely Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Gondar College of Teachers Education, Bahr Dar University Engineering Faculty, and Bahr Dar University Education Faculty.
  
  
  METHODS
  All instructors in these colleges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of cigarette smoking and khat chewing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy six (42.0%) instructors were either lifetime smokers or lifetime khat chewers or both. The current prevalence rates of cigarette smoking and khat chewing were found to be 13.3% and 21.0%, respectively. The majority of the instructors started smoking (56.8%) and khat chewing (40.0%) while they were senior high school or first year college students. Most of the instructors (82.1%) knew that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for lung diseases including lung cancer. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was seen between the outcome variable and the independent variables faculty, religion, education status, income and family history of khat chewing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of cigarette smoking seemed to decrease among university instructors but the prevalence of khat chewing is almost the same as it was some years ago. Instructors knew the common health risks associated with cigarette smoking. The high schools and colleges should inform their students about the health and socioeconomic problems associated with cigarette smoking and khat chewing. Additionally, college students need counseling service on ways of coping with their problems.
authors.affiliation: Gondar College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kebede
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D029754:Catha; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012067:Religion; D012307:Risk Factors; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities