title: Endo-neuro-sonography: first clinical series (52 cases).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A sono catheter for transendoscopic imaging was applied in neurosurgery for the first time in 52 patients with a broad variety of lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transendoscopic sono catheter (Aloka Deutschland GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany) with a diameter of 1.9 mm (6F) was used and introduced into the working canal of an endoscope. The image produced by the probe is a 360 degrees scan ("brain radar") displayed on a monitor, on which some parameters can be varied to get the best view of the different anatomical structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 39 patients intraoperative imaging was the main reason for investigation and in 13 patients neuronavigation was the focus of interest. In 18 cases of tumor resection control targeting a visualized remnant was necessary. There are limitations and artifacts, which should reveal themselves in laboratory and clinical experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small series, endo-neuro-sonography proved to make neuroendoscopy safer and easier by online and real-time imaging with high resolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse 1, 17487 Greifswald, Germany. Resch@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Klaus D M
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Resch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*