title: Disordered osteoclast formation and function in a CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase)-deficient mouse establishes an essential role for CD38 in bone resorption.
abstract: We have evaluated the role of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38, in bone remodeling, a process by which the skeleton is being renewed constantly through the coordinated activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. CD38 catalyzes the cyclization of its substrate, NAD+, to the Ca2+-releasing second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPr). We have shown previously that CD38 is expressed both in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Its activation in the osteoclast triggers Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptors (RyRs), stimulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and an inhibition of bone resorption. Here, we have examined the consequences of deleting the CD38 gene in mice on skeletal remodeling. We report that CD38-/- mice displayed a markedly reduced bone mineral density (BMD) at the femur, tibia, and lumbar spine at 3 months and at the lumbar spine at 4 months, with full normalization of the BMD at all sites at 5 months. The osteoporosis at 3 months was accompanied by a reduction in primary spongiosa and increased osteoclast surfaces on histomorphometric analysis. Hematopoetic stem cells isolated ex vivo from CD38-/- mice showed a dramatic approximately fourfold increase in osteoclast formation in response to incubation for 6 days with RANK-L and M-CSF. The osteoclasts so formed in these cultures showed a approximately 2.5-fold increase in resorptive activity compared with wild-type cells. However, when adherent bone marrow stromal cells were allowed to mature into alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming units (CFU-Fs), those derived from CD38-/- mice showed a significant reduction in differentiation compared with wild-type cells. Real-time RT-PCR on mRNA isolated from osteoclasts at day 6 showed a significant reduction in IL-6 and IL-6 receptor mRNA, together with significant decreases in the expression of all calcineurin A isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. These findings establish a critical role for CD38 in osteoclast formation and bone resorption. We speculate that CD38 functions as a cellular NAD+ "sensor," particularly during periods of active motility and secretion.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Bone Program and Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and Division of Endocrinology and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolgilevich
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Xue-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Baljit S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moonga
authors.forename: Olugbenga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adebanjo
authors.forename: Peter J R
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bevis
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Christopher L-H
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Harry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Mone
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498155:Cd38 protein, mouse; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1