title: Continuing the search for dyslexia genes on 6p.
abstract: This study is a continuation and extension of the work with Orton Developmental Dyslexia (DD) pedigrees [Grigorenko et al., 1997; 2000, Grigorenko et al., 2001]. This study utilized an extended sample (N = 176) and a well-saturated map of chromosome 6p (30 markers). Six phenotypes were constructed to span a range of dyslexia-related cognitive processes. These phenotypes were: (1) Phonemic Awareness (of spoken words); (2) Phonological Decoding (of printed nonwords); (3) Rapid Automatized Naming (of colored squares or object drawings); (4) Single Word Reading (orally, of printed real words); (5) Phonemic Awareness/Decoding/Single-Word Reading pathway; and (6) Phonemic Awareness/Rapid Naming/Single-Word Reading pathway. The study resulted in two major findings. First, considering the distributions of the genetic linkage indicators across all phenotypes examined, there appear to be three regions of interest (around markers D6S109, D6S1261, and in the D6S105-D6S265 region). Any of these regions could serve as a starting point in the search for specific gene candidates contributing to the manifestation of DD, yet they all might be echo peaks of a single peak, the boundary of which is difficult to establish due to the limited power of this sample. Second, the DD-related linkage in 6p21.3 appears to be most closely related to the manifestations of DD through phonemic awareness and single-word reading deficits.
authors.affiliation: PACE Center, Yale University, 340 Edwards Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. elena.grigorenko@yale.edu
authors.forename: Elena L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Grigorenko
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golovyan
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pauls
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA