Blepharophimosis: a recommendation for early surgery in patients with severe ptosis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the optimal age for surgical correction of blepharophimosis. Associated features and their effects on incidence of amblyopia were also investigated.


METHODS
The study was a retrospective case series of 28 patients with blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus syndrome presenting to a tertiary referral eyelid, lacrimal and orbital clinic.


RESULTS
Amblyopia was present in 39% of patients. Patients with coexistent strabismus had a 64% incidence of amblyopia compared to 24% for those without strabismus. Hypermetropia was present in 43% of patients and 7% were myopic. Significant astigmatism was found in 40% of patients, but these factors did not increase the risk of amblyopia. Patients with severe ptosis had lower rates of amblyopia than those with moderate ptosis but had their ptosis corrected at a median age of 2 years compared to 5 years for those with moderate ptosis. There was an 18% incidence of nasolacrimal drainage problems. A good to excellent cosmetic outcome was achieved in 86% of patients. A positive family history was noted in 75% of patients, usually with paternal inheritance.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with blepharophimosis have a high rate of amblyopia. Co-existent strabismus doubles the risk of amblyopia. Ptosis alone causes mild to moderate amblyopia only. Patients with severe ptosis should have their ptosis corrected before 3 years of age, and all other patients should undergo surgery before 5 years of age.
Beckingsale
Peter S
PS
Eyelid, Lacrimal and Orbital Clinic, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Sullivan
Timothy J
TJ
Wong
Vincent A
VA
Oley
Christine
C
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000209:etiology; D016569:Blepharophimosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications; D013577:Syndrome