title: Iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for acute epicondylitis. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A better treatment modality is needed to control the pain of medial or lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Dermal iontophoretic administration of dexamethasone sodium phosphate will be significantly more effective in controlling pain than a placebo in patients with medial or lateral elbow epicondylitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  On six occasions, 1 to 3 days apart within 15 days, 199 patients with elbow epicondylitis received 40 mA-minutes of either active or placebo treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexamethasone produced a significant 23-mm improvement on the 100-mm patient visual analog scale ratings, compared with 14 mm for placebo at 2 days and 24 mm compared with 19 mm at 1 month. More patients treated with dexamethasone than those treated with placebo scored moderate or better on the investigator's global improvement scale (52% versus 33%) at 2 days, but the difference was not significant at 1 month (54% versus 49%). Investigator-rated pain and tenderness scores favored dexamethasone over placebo at 2 days. Patients completing six treatments in 10 days or less had better results than those treated over a longer period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iontophoresis treatment was well tolerated by most patients and was effective in reducing symptoms of epicondylitis at short-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Nirschl Orthopedic & Sportsmedicine Clinic, Virginia Hospital Center Arlington, Arlington, Virginia 22205, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Nirschl
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rodin
authors.forename: Derek H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maartmann-Moe
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C004180:dexamethasone 21-phosphate; D003907:Dexamethasone