title: Distinct distribution of specific members of protein 4.1 gene family in the mouse nephron.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein 4.1 is an adapter protein that links the actin cytoskeleton to various transmembrane proteins. These 4.1 proteins are encoded by four homologous genes, 4.1R, 4.1G, 4.1N, and 4.1B, which undergo complex alternative splicing. Here we performed a detailed characterization of the expression of specific 4.1 proteins in the mouse nephron.
  
  
  METHODS
  Distribution of renal 4.1 proteins was investigated by staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed mouse kidney sections with antibodies highly specific for each 4.1 protein. Major 4.1 splice forms, amplified from mouse kidney marathon cDNA, were expressed in transfected COS-7 cells in order to assign species of known exon composition to proteins detected in kidney.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 105 kD 4.1R splice form, initiating at ATG-2 translation initiation site and lacking exon 16, but including exon 17B, was restricted to thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. A 95 kD 4.1N splice form, lacking exons 15 and 17D, was expressed in either descending or ascending thin limb of Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule, and all regions of the collecting duct system. A major 108 kD 4.1B splice form, initiating at a newly characterized ATG translation initiation site, and lacking exons 15, 17B, and 21, was present only in Bowman's capsule and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). There was no expression of 4.1G in kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct distribution of 4.1 proteins along the nephron suggests their involvement in targeting of selected transmembrane proteins in kidney epithelium and, therefore, in regulation of specific kidney functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Subcellular Structure, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramez
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blot-Chabaud
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cluzeaud
authors.forename: Sumita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Loren D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Walensky
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marfatia
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chasis
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Conboy
authors.forename: Narla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gascard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D019556:COS Cells; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005091:Exons; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009399:Nephrons / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012326:RNA Splicing
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C028841:erythrocyte membrane band 4.1 protein; C120557:erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1