title: Influenza A virus-infected hosts boost an invasive type of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in mice.
abstract: The apparent worldwide resurgence of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection in the last two decades remains unexplained. At present, animal models in which toxic shock-like syndrome or necrotizing fasciitis is induced after S. pyogenes infection are not well developed. We demonstrate here that infection with a nonlethal dose of influenza A virus 2 days before intranasal infection with a nonlethal dose of S. pyogenes strains led to a death rate of more than 90% in mice, 10% of which showed necrotizing fasciitis. Infection of lung alveolar epithelial cells by the influenza A virus resulted in viral hemagglutinin expression on the cell surface and promoted internalization of S. pyogenes. However, treatment with monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin markedly decreased this internalization. Our results indicate that prior infection with influenza A virus induces a lethal synergism, resulting in the induction of invasive S. pyogenes infection in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Shigetada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015163:Superinfection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha