title: Alcohol stimulates the release of dopamine in the ventral pallidum but not in the globus pallidus: a dual-probe microdialysis study.
abstract: The mesoaccumbens dopamine system has been hypothesized to be a common neural substrate mediating the actions of various drugs of abuse, including ethanol. However, the involvement of the mesopallidal dopamine system has received very little attention. The present study examined the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) ethanol administration on the extracellular levels of dopamine in the ventral pallidum (VP) and globus pallidus (GP) of Wistar rats. Rats were bilaterally implanted with microdialysis probes aimed at the VP and GP or nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum (dSTR). During microdialysis testing, rats with probes located in the VP and GP were injected IP with sterile saline or 15% (v/v) ethanol in saline at doses of 0.75, 1.5, or 2.25 g/kg. Rats with NAc and dSTR probes were injected with saline or 2.25 g/kg ethanol. The IP administration of 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg ethanol significantly (p <0.05) elevated the extracellular levels of dopamine in the VP (maximal increase: 136 and 182% of baseline, respectively) but not in the GP. No effects on extracellular dopamine levels were observed following the IP injections of 0.75 g/kg ethanol or saline. The IP administration of 2.25 g/kg ethanol significantly (p <0.05) elevated the extracellular levels of dopamine in the NAc (maximal increase: 198% of baseline) and dSTR (maximal increase: 155% of baseline). Analysis of the effects of 2.25 g/kg ethanol on dopamine release revealed greater increases in the VP, NAc, and dSTR compared to the GP. The data suggest that the mesopallidal, mesoaccumbens, and nigrostriatal dopamine systems are more sensitive to the effects of ethanol than the nigropallidal dopamine system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Program in Psychobiology of Addictions, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Roberto I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Melendez
authors.forename: Zachary A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rodd-Henricks
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D004298:Dopamine