title: Two-stage repair for proximal hypospadias: a reappraisal.
abstract: Great advances have been made in surgery for the correction of hypospadias. Proximal hypospadias remains the greatest challenge, but, despite many innovations and much progress, surgery can fail. Many authorities have introduced single-stage techniques, which have the purported advantage of correcting the defect with minimal hospitalization and family inconvenience. However, the wider published experience with these approaches would suggest that the ideal single-stage procedure has yet to be devised. A substantial number of children undergoing a single-stage procedure will have to undergo further surgery. A small, but irreducible number of patients will be rendered hypospadias "cripples." A number of these children will be dissatisfied as adults because of cosmetic or functional deficiencies. A two-stage approach for correction of proximal hypospadias and severe chordee remains the most credible and reliable solution for many of these patients. Pediatric urologists should maintain familiarity with these techniques and continue to advocate them for a select group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Buffalo, 219 Bryant Street, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA. spg@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Saul P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Greenfield
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*