title: Multimodality management of urachal carcinoma: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enteric type adenocarcinomas arising in the dome of the bladder or along the urachal ligament are uncommon. To improve our understanding of urachal carcinoma and define outcome with current management, we performed a retrospective review of cases seen at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 42 patients with urachal carcinoma evaluated at our institution from 1985 to 2001. Specifically, we sought to evaluate the importance of extent of disease, surgical characteristics and systemic therapy on clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 42 patients 7 had clinically evident metastases at diagnosis and 35 had resectable disease that was managed initially with surgery. Overall survival from diagnosis for all 42 patients was 46 months with 40% surviving at 5 years. Of the resected cases 16 (46%) remain disease-free (median followup 31 months). Covariates associated with long-term survival were negative surgical margins (p = 0.004) and absence of nodal involvement (p = 0.01). Median survival from recognition of metastatic disease was 24 months in 26 patients in whom metastases ultimately developed. Chemotherapy for metastatic disease produced only 4 significant responses, including 3 of 9 patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin containing regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urachal carcinomas are usually locally advanced at presentation with a high risk of distant metastases. However, long-term survival following radical resection occurs in a significant fraction of patients (16 of 35 in our series), supporting an attempt at margin-negative, en bloc resection if at all possible. Chemotherapy appropriate for enteric type adenocarcinoma can induce objective responses but meaningful improvement in survival is not yet demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Arlene O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Siefker-Radtke
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daliani
authors.forename: Randall E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Millikan
authors.forename: Louis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pisters
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013781:Texas; D014497:Urachus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil