title: Emergency calls in acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last 10 years, stroke has become a medical emergency. Subsequently, early recognition of stroke symptoms and rapid activation of the medical system are essential. We sought to investigate what witnesses or victims of an acute stroke syndrome recognize and report in the actual situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the recordings of all patients admitted to our stroke unit via the Emergency Medical System (EMS) dispatch center in Nuremberg within 1 year. With a structured evaluation form, the calls were screened for symptoms reported and for any diagnosis or other facts mentioned spontaneously or in response to a question by the dispatcher. We also evaluated data about EMS response and patient condition on admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 482 patients treated in our stroke unit, 141 calls were evaluated. Main symptoms reported included speech problems (25.5%), motor deficits (21.9%), and disturbances of consciousness (14.8%). In many cases, a fall (21.2%) was presented as the main problem. Sensory deficits (7.8%) and vertigo (5.6%) were rarely mentioned. In 28 calls (19.8%), stroke was mentioned as a possible cause of the acute health problems. The dispatcher suspected a stroke in 51.7% of all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the first studies to investigate emergency calls in acute stroke. We found that motor deficits and speech problems were the most dramatic symptoms that led to activation of the EMS. Other symptoms were less frequently reported, or atypical descriptions were given. Educational efforts are needed to improve recognition of atypical stroke symptoms by stroke victims and EMS professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. rene.handschu@neuro.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handschu
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poppe
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rauss
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neundörfer
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erbguth
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014600:Utilization Review