title: Interactions between gender and the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene polymorphism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II are mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGT1R); one polymorphism of the AGT1R gene, A1166-->C, has been associated with hypertension. The hemodynamic response to angiotensin II is blunted in women compared to men, but interactions between gender, blood pressure, and AGT1R gene polymorphisms are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 81 young healthy normotensive individuals maintained regulated sodium and protein intake prior to study. They were divided into four groups based on gender and A1166-->C genotype (AA versus AC/CC); serial supine blood pressures were obtained. A subset of 52 individuals received graded infusions of angiotensin II. Inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance techniques were used to measure renal hemodynamic function at baseline and in response to the infusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with the AC/CC genotype exhibited higher blood pressures than men with the AA genotype; however, this relationship was not found among women. Analysis of covariance revealed a significant interaction between gender and AGT1R genotype in the determination of blood pressure. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declined variably in the study subjects following infusion of angiotensin II, and a statistical model incorporating gender and genotype best predicted the fall in GFR. There was a trend for females of the AA genotype to have a greater fall in GFR in response to angiotensin II infusion, than any of the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young healthy subjects, there is an important interaction between gender, the AGT1R A1166-->C gene polymorphism, and blood pressure. In addition, the renal hemodynamic response to angiotensin II infusion is a function of both gender and the AGT1R genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cattran
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Scholey
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II