title: Depsipeptide (FR901228) induces histone acetylation and inhibition of histone deacetylase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells concurrent with activation of caspase 8-mediated apoptosis and down-regulation of c-FLIP protein.
abstract: Depsipeptide is in clinical trials for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) on the basis of earlier observations demonstrating selective in vitro activity in CLL. We sought to determine the relationship of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and apoptosis observed in CLL cells to justify a pharmacodynamic end point in these clinical trials. We demonstrate that in vitro depsipeptide induces histone H3 and H4 acetylation and histone deacetylase enzyme inhibition at concentrations corresponding to the LC50 (concentration producing 50% cell death) for cultured CLL cells (0.038 microM depsipeptide). The changes in histone acetylation are lysine specific, involving H4 K5, H4 K12, and H3 K9, and to a lesser extent H4 K8, but not H4 K16 or H3 K14. Depsipeptide-induced apoptosis is caspase dependent, selectively involving the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (extrinsic pathway) initiating caspase 8 and effector caspase 3. Activation of caspase 8 was accompanied by the down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP, I-FLICE) without evidence of Fas (CD95) up-regulation. Changes in other apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Mcl-1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), were not observed. Our results demonstrate a relationship between target enzyme inhibition of histone deacetylase, histone H3 and H4 acetylation, and apoptosis involving the TNF-receptor pathway of apoptosis that is not used by other therapeutic agents in CLL. These data suggest use of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, inhibition of histone deacetylase, and down-regulation of FLIP as pharmacodynamic end points for further evaluation of this drug in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aron
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parthun
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mone
authors.forename: Melanie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Tiansheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wickham
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kanakry
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Grever
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Byrd
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology*; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C087123:romidepsin; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D008239:Lysine