title: Effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants in a mouse model of chronic fatigue syndrome.
abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear; however, a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. In the present study, a mouse model of CFS was used in which mice were forced to swim for one 6-minute session on each day for 15 days and the immobility period was recorded. There was a significant increase in immobility period in saline-treated mice on successive days. Intraperitoneal treatment with the potent antioxidants carvedilol (5 mg/kg) and melatonin (5 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in immobility period. Similar results were observed with herbal preparations administered orally: Withania somnifera (100 mg/kg), quercetin (50 mg/kg), and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., 10 mg/kg). Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic swimming significantly induced lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the brains of mice. The rats also showed decreased levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Co-administration of antioxidants carvedilol, melatonin, W. somnifera, quercetin or St. John's wort significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and restored the GSH levels decreased by chronic swimming in mice. Further, the treatment increased levels of SOD in the forebrain and of catalase. The findings strongly suggest that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of CFS and that antioxidants could be useful in the treatment of CFS.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Amanpreet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Pattipati S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.forename: Saraswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Shrinivas K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D020902:Hypericum; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming; D032341:Withania
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D011794:Quercetin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D008550:Melatonin