title: Sources of glucose production in cirrhosis by 2H2O ingestion and 2H NMR analysis of plasma glucose.
abstract: Plasma glucose 2H enrichment was quantified by 2H NMR in patients with cirrhosis (n=6) and healthy subjects (n=5) fasted for 16 h and given 2H(2)O to approximately 0.5% body water. The percent contribution of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production (GP) was estimated from the relative enrichments of hydrogen 5 and hydrogen 2 of plasma glucose. Fasting plasma glucose levels were normal in both groups (87+/-7 and 87+/-24 mg/dl for healthy and cirrhotic subjects, respectively). The percent contribution of glycogen to GP was smaller in cirrhotics than controls (22+/-7% versus 46+/-4%, P<0.001), while the contribution from gluconeogenesis was larger (78+/-7% versus 54+/-4%, P<0.001). In all subjects, glucose 6R and 6S hydrogens had similar enrichments, consistent with extensive exchange of 2H between body water and the hydrogens of gluconeogenic oxaloacetate (OAA). The difference in 2H-enrichment between hydrogen 5 and hydrogen 6S was significantly larger in cirrhotics, suggesting that the fractional contribution of glycerol to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)-moiety of plasma glucose was higher compared to controls (19+/-6% versus 7+/-6%, P<0.01). In all subjects, hydrogens 4 and 5 of glucose had identical enrichments while hydrogen 3 enrichments were systematically lower. This reflects incomplete exchange between the hydrogen of water and that of 1-R-dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) or incomplete exchange of DHAP and G3P pools via triose phosphate isomerase.
authors.affiliation: Medicine III, Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perdigoto
authors.forename: Alexandre L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Tiago B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Carlos F G C
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Geraldes
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006859:Hydrogen; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; D005990:Glycerol