title: Isolation and characterization of Caco-2 subclones expressing high levels of multidrug resistance protein efflux transporter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to isolate Caco-2 subclones that express high levels of multidrug resistance protein (MDR1) and to characterize their kinetics and affinity parameters for MDR1 substrate/inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subclones were selected by a dilution cloning technique. The polarized efflux of [3H]-vinblastine across subclone cell monolayers was quantified by measuring the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of [3H]-vinblastine in the basolateral (BL)-to-apical (AP) direction and in the AP-to-BL direction (Papp BL-to-AP/Papp AP-to-BL) across the cell monolayers. The expression of MDR1 in the Caco-2 subclones compared with the parental Caco-2 cells was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The kinetics parameters (Km, Vmax) of [3H]-vinblastine and the inhibitory constants (KI) of several known MDR1 substrates/inhibitors on the transport of [3H]-digoxin determined in the parental Caco-2 cells and Caco-2 subclones were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three subclones (#1, #20, #21) were selected based on their polarized efflux of [3H]-vinblastine. The Papp BL-to-AP/Papp AP-to-BL ratios for #1, #20, and #21 were 110, 140, and 112, respectively, and were about 6-fold higher than the ratio observed for the parental Caco-2 cells. In the presence of GF-120918 (2 microM), a known MDR1-specific inhibitor, the Papp BL-to-AP/Papp AP-to-BL ratios were significantly decreased, suggesting that these cells were overexpressing MDRI. The Km values observed for vinblastine in the Caco-2 subclones were nearly identical to the value observed in the parental Caco-2 cells. In contrast, the Vmax values observed in the subclones were approximate 26-69% higher. The KI values observed for various known MDR1 substrates/inhibitors on [3H]-digoxin transport were nearly identical to those in the parental Caco-2 cells and Caco-2 subclones. The high functional efflux activities of these subclones were stable up to 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclones #1, #20, #21 express high levels of MDR1. These Caco-2 subclones may be useful models for profiling drugs for their MDR1 substrate activity and for establishing structure-transport relationships for this efflux transporter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Fuxing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ronald T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Borchardt
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1