title: A nocturnal enuresis service for a deprived inner city.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glasgow is a city where 80% of the most deprived children in Scotland live within 20% of the overall population. Of 168,000 children in Glasgow, an estimated 5000 aged 5-15 y have primary nocturnal enuresis. The aim of this study was to establish a nocturnal enuresis service for Glasgow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Needs assessment was performed and the incident cases were documented at school entry healthcare appraisal, at the age of 5 y. A cohort of these children was followed up at 8 y of age and symptom resolution was no better than natural remission. Parents, general practitioners, clinical medical officers and a hospital paediatrician were interviewed face-to-face about their need for a service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 11 general practitioners expressed a need for a specialist service. Ten school nurse-led local nocturnal enuresis clinics were established. Accommodation, funding, default and managing alarms were major problems. School nurses enjoyed extra training and quickly became skilled therapists. Two research projects highlighted that most children at first attendance did not believe they could ever be dry, which predicted outcome. Deprived families, once motivated, could successfully undertake complex behavioural therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive nocturnal enuresis service begins when children stop using night nappies at the age of 3-4 y. Appropriate waterproof mattress, duvet and pillow coverings should be advocated until 5 y, when desmopressin may be helpful. For continued wetting at the age of 7 y, a local service should be led by a team of well-trained nurses using enuretic alarms.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Epidemiology and Community Health (PEACH) Unit, Department of Child Health, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK. goda11@udcf.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tappin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004775:Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009739:Nursing Services / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*