title: Temporal modulation of spatial contrast vision in pigeons (Columba livia).
abstract: Spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity (CS) functions were obtained from four White Carneaux pigeons. The spatial frequency for each session was selected randomly from a group of five spatial frequencies ranging from 0.42 to 1.26 c/deg. Within the session, the temporal frequency varied from 1 to 32 Hz. When plotted as a function of spatial frequency, the CS functions peaked in the range 0.7-1.0 c/deg. When compared to data that had been collected at 0 Hz temporal modulation, the temporally modulated spatial CS functions showed reduced CS, especially at the higher spatial frequencies, and reduced peak spatial frequency. When plotted as a function of temporal frequency, the CS functions were flat up to 8-16 Hz. Above 16 Hz, the curves showed a sharp roll off. When plotted as a three-dimensional, spatiotemporal CS surface, the data had a number of characteristics in common with the three-dimensional spatiotemporal model of CS proposed by Burbeck and Kelly (J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70 (1980) 1121).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4411, USA. whodos@psyc.umd.edu
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hodos
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potocki
authors.forename: Mimi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ghim
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaffney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D010856:Columbidae / Q000502:physiology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011601:Psychophysics; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013028:Space Perception; D013997:Time Factors