title: Enhanced percutaneous permeability of nicardipine hydrochloride by carvone across the rat abdominal skin.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carvone on the permeation of nicardipine hydrochloride across the excised rat abdominal epidermis from 2% w/w hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) gel system. The HPC gel formulations containing nicardipine hydrochloride (1% w/w) and selected concentrations of carvone (0 to 12% w/w) were prepared, and evaluated for drug content, stability of the drug, and in vitro permeation of the drug through excised rat abdominal epidermis. The HPC gel was found to contain 99.98 to 101.6% of nicardipine hydrochloride, and the drug was found to be stable in the HPC gels. The permeation flux of nicardipine hydrochloride across rat epidermis was increased markedly by the addition of carvone to the HPC gels. A maximum flux of nicardipine hydrochloride (243.95.70 +/- 1.90 microg/cm2/hr) was observed with an enhancement ratio of 7.9 when carvone was incorporated at a concentration of 12% w/w in the HPC reservoir system. The differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform-infrared data indicated that carvone increased the permeability of nicardipine hydrochloride across the rat epidermis by partial extraction of lipids in the stratum corneum. The results suggest that carvone may be useful for enhancing the skin permeability of nicardipine hydrochloride from transdermal therapeutic system containing HPC gel as a reservoir.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. krishnaysr112@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Y S R
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Krishnaiah
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005782:Gels; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D005782:Gels; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C006923:carvone; D002482:Cellulose; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose; D009529:Nicardipine