title: Tracheal bronchus associated with VACTERL.
abstract: Tracheal bronchus (TB) associated with VACTERL has not been reported previously. A 5-month-old girl with VACTERL association was ventilator-dependent following surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Chest radiographs showed persistent hyperinflation of the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy showed a laterally displaced right main bronchus with stenosis and malacia of the left main bronchus. Dynamic bronchography revealed a TB associated with tracheal stenosis and malacia below the abnormal bronchus. TB may represent an additional tracheal (T) anomaly in VACTERL association. Dynamic bronchography is a useful diagnostic tool in tracheobronchial anomalies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TB may represent an "associated" tracheal (T) anomaly in children with VACTERL association. Bronchoscopy may fail to diagnose an ectopic bronchus. Dynamic bronchography is a useful diagnostic tool in tracheobronchial anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kairamkonda
authors.forename: Kentigern
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarginson
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001995:Bronchography; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013577:Syndrome; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*