title: Involvement of MEKK1/ERK/P21Waf1/Cip1 signal transduction pathway in inhibition of IGF-I-mediated cell growth response by methylglyoxal.
abstract: The abnormal accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), a physiological glucose metabolite, is strongly related to the development of diabetic complications by affecting the metabolism and functions of organs and tissues. These disturbances could modify the cell response to hormones and growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I). In this study, we investigated the effect of MG on IGF-I-induced cell proliferation and the mechanism of the effect in two cell lines, a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), and a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3). MG rendered these cells resistant to the mitogenic action of IGF-I, and this was associated with stronger and prolonged activation of ERK and over-expression of P21(Waf1/Cip1). The synergistic effect of MG with IGF-I in activation of ERK was completely abolished by PD98059 but not by a specific PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, or a specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide. Blocking of Raf-1 activity by expression of a dominant negative form of Raf-1 did not reduce the enhancing effect of MG on IGF-I-induced activation of ERK. However, transfection of a catalytically inactive form of MEKK1 resulted in inactivation of the MG-induced activation of ERK and partial inhibition of the enhanced activation of ERK and over-expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) induced by co-stimulation of MG and IGF-I. These results suggested that the alteration of intracellular milieu induced by MG through a MEKK1-mediated and PI3K/PKC/Raf-1-independent pathway resulted in the modification of cell response to IGF-I for p21(Waf1/Cip1)-mediated growth arrest, which may be one of the crucial mechanisms for MG to promote the development of chronic clinical complications in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Aichi 461-8673, Japan. togun@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Shaohui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Anwarul A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akhand
authors.forename: Xiuyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagase
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; C482578:Map3k1 protein, mouse