title: Preventing superoxide formation in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve from diabetic rats restores endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
abstract: We have previously reported that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats that increased formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite is associated with impairment in vascular relaxation in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. In this study we demonstrate that pretreating epineurial arterioles from diabetic rats in vitro with alpha-lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid, tempol or arginine restores acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation to near the reactivity observed in vessels from control rats. Suggesting that increased oxidative stress and reduction in nitric oxide availability is partially responsible for the impairment in endothelium-dependent vasodilation observed in epineurial arterioles from diabetic rats. In contrast, pretreating epineurial arterioles from diabetic rats with aminoguanidine or allopurinol had no effect. Studies designed to investigate the source of superoxide formation provided results suggesting that complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and NAD(P)H oxidase are responsible for the increase in superoxide formation observed with epineurial arterioles from the sciatic nerve. Pretreating epineurial arterioles from diabetic rats with the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolymaleimide I (GF 109203X) improved acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation but did not prevent the increase in superoxide formation suggesting that activation of protein kinase C by oxidative stress is downstream of superoxide formation. These studies imply that increased superoxide formation via the mitochondrial electron transport chain and perhaps NAD(P)H oxidase is partially responsible for reduced vascular reactivity observed in epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve from diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Coppey
authors.forename: Jill S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gellett
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yorek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply*; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C015144:dihydrolipoic acid; D001120:Arginine; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; C001803:tempol