title: Associations of selected medications and visual function: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate association of drug use and visual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional population based study was carried out on participants in the 1993-5 examination phase of the Beaver Dam Eye Study. All drugs in current use by study participants were recorded. Performance based and self assessed visual functions were obtained at the time of the study evaluation. The main outcome measure was the relation of levels of visual functions by use of specific drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many classes of drugs were associated with decreases in at least two performance based visual functions. For example, high blood pressure drugs were significantly associated with poorer best corrected visual acuity, poorer near vision, and poorer contrast sensitivity (p<0.001 for all). Patterns of association for self assessed visual functions were not as strong. However, use of glaucoma drops and benzodiazepines were associated with poorer self assessed visual functions in most circumstances cited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many commonly used medications are inversely associated with visual functions in a middle and older aged population. This may influence the ability to perform complex tasks and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53726-2397, USA. kleinb@epi.ophth.wisc.edu
authors.forename: B E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Danforth
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Reinke
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011932:Reading; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines