title: Defensin-induced adaptive immunity in mice and its potential in preventing periodontal disease.
abstract: The severity of periodontal disease is dependent on a combination of host, microbial agent and environmental factors. One strong correlate related to periodontal disease pathogenesis is the immune status of the host. Here we show that human neutrophil peptide (HNP) defensins or human beta-defensins (HBD), co-administered intranasally with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA), induce unique immune responses that if used with microbial antigens may have the potential to hinder the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1 micro g HNP-1, HNP-2, HBD1 or HBD2 with and without 50 microg OVA. At 21 days, isotypes and subclasses of OVA-specific antibodies were determined in saliva, serum, nasal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and fecal extracts. OVA-stimulated splenic lymphoid cell cultures from immunized mice were assessed for interferon (IFN)-gamma, Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. In comparison with mice immunized with only OVA, HNP-1 and HBD2 induced significantly higher (P < 0.05) OVA-specific serum IgG, lower, but not significant, serum IgM and significantly lower (P < 0.05) IFN-gamma. In contrast, HNP-2 induced low OVA-specific serum IgG and higher, but not significant, serum IgM. HBD1 induced significantly higher (P < 0.05) OVA-specific serum IgG, higher, but not significant, serum IgM, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) IL-10. The elevated serum IgG subclasses contained IgG1 and IgG2b.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. kbrodgen@nadc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brogden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palmquist
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guthmiller
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McCray
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D023082:Defensins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000276:immunology; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; C406407:DEFB1 protein, human; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D023082:Defensins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007378:Interleukins; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D023083:beta-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1; C406416:human neutrophil peptide 2; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin