title: A dugwell program to provide arsenic-safe water in West Bengal, India: preliminary results.
abstract: In 1982, Dr. K. C. Saha, a dermatologist of Calcutta, West Bengal, identified patients with skin lesions from the district of 24 Parganas, leading him and others to search for a cause. The cause was soon identified to be arsenic in drinking water, but even today, 20 years later, large number of people continue to drink arsenic contaminated water and patients are increasing in number. Project Well is a program chosen for implementation in some villages of North 24 Parganas. Arsenic safe drinking water is provided for adopted villages by constructing shallow, concrete dugwells designed to tap the water of the unconfined aquifer, 20-30 feet below ground level, that contains low levels (< 0.05 mg/L) of arsenic in the target region. The traditional dugwell design is modified by use of tube well hand pumps to withdraw water. The project includes community involvement, programs to increase awareness of the need to drink arsenic safe water, and training in monitoring of dugwell water for arsenic and harmful pathogens. Disinfecting of the water and regulating the water hazard diagram are also included in the training program. The plan is to make the system sustainable at the village level using indigenous labor and materials.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. mmhsmith@uclink.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Meera M Hira
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Timir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hore
authors.forename: Protap
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Savarimuthu
authors.forename: Allan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004738:Engineering; D004779:Environment Design; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D011634:Public Health; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic