title: Cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Senescent cells accumulate in tissues with age and show changes in protein expression that may influence the function of adjacent cells and contribute to the development of tissue pathologies associated with aging. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an extremely common disease of older men characterized by increased growth of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells. In BPH, there is an increased expression of Il-1alpha by prostatic epithelial cells that results in elevated expression of FGF7 by stromal cells, which in turn is strongly correlated with epithelial proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human BPH tissue and primary cultures of prostatic epithelial cells were analyzed by histochemical and quantitative assays for senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-beta gal). Il-1alpha expression was localized by immunohistochemistry and Il-1alpha tissue content determined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of Il-1alpha is significantly increased in vitro when cultured prostatic epithelial cells undergo senescence. In BPH tissue a substantial population of epithelial cells express senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-beta gal), a marker of cellular senescence. By quantitative assay, SA-beta gal activity is correlated with both tissue levels of Il-1alpha and the severity of BPH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One mechanism driving BPH in older men is the accumulation of senescent epithelial cells expressing Il-1alpha, which in turn increases FGF7 secretion and proliferation of non-senescent epithelial cells. Thus there is a mechanistic linkage between cellular senescence and one of the most common pathologies of older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Dipak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ittmann
mesh_terms: D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D007375:Interleukin-1; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen