title: Challenges confronting risk analysis of potential thyroid toxicants.
abstract: Screening and testing for potential thyroid toxicants using endpoints of thyroid function, including circulating levels of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin, will not capture toxicants that directly interfere with thyroid hormone action at the receptor. The goals of the present review are to provide a critique of the literature focused on thyroid hormone and brain development as it relates to testing and evaluating thyroid toxicants, and to propose possible solutions to this perceived dilemma.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. tzoeller@bio.umass.edu
authors.forename: R Thomas
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zoeller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000633:toxicity; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010472:Perchlorates; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; C031068:sodium perchlorate; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls