title: Intravenous proton-pump inhibitors versus H2-antagonists for treatment of GI bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the evidence supporting the use of intravenous proton-pump inhibitors in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage in comparison with histamine(2) (H(2))-receptor antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical literature was accessed through a MEDLINE search (1966-October 2002). Data from abstracts and fully published articles were retrieved for analysis. Key search terms included pantoprazole, omeprazole, proton-pump inhibitors, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, histamine(2)-receptor antagonists, ranitidine, and cimetidine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are limited published clinical outcome data evaluating the use of intravenous pantoprazole in patients with upper GI hemorrhage. However, there are several gastric pH studies suggesting that intravenous pantoprazole is effective in quickly obtaining and maintaining a pH >6. When considering the results from studies of high-dose intravenous omeprazole, in addition to the pantoprazole data, the relative efficacy of intravenous proton-pump inhibitors appears to be superior to that of intravenous H(2)-receptor antagonists in providing a more predictable and sustained pH control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous proton-pump inhibitors are suitable, possibly superior, alternatives to intravenous H(2)-receptor antagonists in treatment of upper GI bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Scates
authors.forename: Joanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Latour
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D002927:Cimetidine; D011899:Ranitidine; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole