title: Isolated lung perfusion with gemcitabine in a rat: pharmacokinetics and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine (GCB) were evaluated in a rat model of isolated lung perfusion (ILuP) and compared to intravenous (iv) infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  CC531S adenocarcinoma cells were incubated in vitro for 24 h with GCB. Cell survival was determined 4 days after GCB treatment with the sulforhodamine B test. In a first in vivo experiment, Wag/Rij rats underwent left ILuP with 20 mg/kg (n = 3), 40 mg/kg (n = 6), 80 mg/kg (n = 6), 160 mg/kg (n = 6), or 320 mg/kg (n = 6) of GCB and a control group (n = 6) with buffered starch. After 3 weeks, right pneumonectomy was performed. Furthermore, survival was determined for rats treated with iv infusion of 40 mg/kg (n = 10), 80 mg/kg (n = 10), 160 mg/kg (n = 10), or 320 mg/kg (n = 6) of GCB and a control group (n = 6) treated with saline (0.9% NaCl). In a second experiment lung and serum GCB levels were determined for rats treated with iv infusion (160 mg/kg, n = 6) and rats which had ILuP (160 mg/kg, n = 6; 320 mg/kg, n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of the CC531S adenocarcinoma cells with GCB led to a 50% decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of cells compared to controls at a dose of 23.6 nM. After 90 days, the mortality for rats treated with 320 mg/kg iv GCB was 100% compared to 17% after ILuP for the same dose. ILuP with 160 and 320 mg/kg resulted in significantly higher lung levels of GCB compared to iv therapy without any systemic leakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCB ILuP is well-tolerated to a maximum dose of 320 mg/kg and results in significantly higher GCB lung levels with undetectable serum levels compared to iv treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Van Putte
authors.forename: Jeroen M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: Bea
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: Godehard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedel
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guetens
authors.forename: Ernst A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: De Bruijn
authors.forename: Paul E Y
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Van Schil
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine