title: Environmental influences on signal transduction through membranes: a retrospective mini-review.
abstract: This mini-review is addressed to the question how the membranous environment may affect traffic of receptors and signalling from membrane-anchored receptors on the outside of cells to transducers and targets on the inside. Signal transduction by membrane-anchored receptors to the interior of the cell and eventually to the genome is a central issue in cellular regulation. In this context the role of membrane fluidity and of the cytoskeleton in restricting the mobility of proteins are discussed and the evidence for a structural order in membranes which could limit the mobility of proteins is scrutinised.
authors.affiliation: Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Werner von Siemensstrasse 83, D-97076 Würzburg, Germany. e.helmreich@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Ernst J M
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Helmreich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004777:Environment; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008566:Membranes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins