Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosis.
To examine the importance of intestinal inflammation in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of human cryptosporidiosis, stools of healthy adult volunteers before and after experimental infection were tested for fecal lactoferrin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Stool samples of Brazilian children with well-defined Cryptosporidium infection, with or without diarrhea, were also tested for IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Only one of the 14 volunteers challenged with Cryptosporidium had increased fecal lactoferrin. However, of 17 stool specimens from children with only Cryptosporidium infection from a previous study, 12 had mild to moderately elevated lactoferrin despite negative work-up for inflammatory enteritides. One of 10 adult volunteers who developed diarrhea with experimental cryptosporidiosis and three of 11 children with cryptosporidiosis and diarrhea had detectable fecal IL-8. The level of TNF-alpha was increased only in one of 14 volunteers and in none of the children. Although considered relatively non-inflammatory. cryptosporidiosis is often associated with mild inflammation, especially in children in an endemic area.
Alcantara
Cirle S
CS
Division of Geographic and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Yang
Chang-Hun
CH
Steiner
Theodore S
TS
Barrett
Leah J
LJ
Lima
Aldo A M
AA
Chappell
Cynthia L
CL
Okhuysen
Pablo C
PC
White
A Clinton
AC
Guerrant
Richard L
RL
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007121:Immunocompetence; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007781:Lactoferrin