title: Endogenous activation of group-II metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
abstract: Systemic injection of the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, LY341495 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), increased plasma corticosterone in mice to an extent similar to that induced by the despair test. Treatment with the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), or the non-competitive mGlu5 receptor antagonist, MPEP (5 mg/kg, i.p.), failed to induce significant changes in corticosterone levels. Searching for a site of action of LY341495, we examined the expression of mGlu receptor subtypes in the various anatomical regions of the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Only mGlu5 and -7 receptor mRNAs were detected in the adrenal gland by RT-PCR, whereas mGlu -1, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -8 receptor mRNAs were detected in the anterior pituitary. All transcripts (with the exception of mGlu5 and mGlu6 receptor mRNAs) were detected in the hypothalamus. However, Western blot analysis showed the presence of mGlu2/3 receptor proteins only in the hypothalamus and not in the anterior pituitary. This was consistent with functional data showing that LY341495 (0.1 and 1 microM) failed to affect ACTH secretion from isolated mouse anterior pituitaries. Moving from these observations, we examined whether LY341495 could activate the HPA axis by inhibiting mGlu2/3 receptors at hypothalamic level. We measured the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in isolated mouse hypothalami incubated in the presence of subtype-selective mGlu receptor agonists or antagonists. Among all the drugs we have tested, only LY341495 was able to increase CRH secretion. With high concentrations of LY341495 (1 microM) this increase was similar to that induced by 50 mM K(+). The action of LY341495 was prevented by the combined application of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268. We conclude that group-II mGlu receptors tonically regulate the HPA axis by controlling CRH secretion at hypothalamic level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Ple A. Moro 5, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scaccianoce
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matrisciano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Bianco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caricasole
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Giorgi Gerevini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cappuccio
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melchiorri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C108822:metabotropic glutamate receptor 2; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone