title: Dexamethasone reduces postoperative vomiting and pain after pediatric tonsillectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies on dexamethasone's antiemetic and analgesic potential in children undergoing tonsillectomy have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of dexamethasone on the incidence and severity of postoperative vomiting and pain in children undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy under standardized general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blinded study, 120 patients were randomly allocated to receive either dexamethasone 0.5 mg.kg(-1) (maximum dose 8 mg) iv or an equivalent volume of saline preoperatively. The incidence of early and late vomiting, need for rescue antiemetics, time to first oral intake, time to first demand of analgesia and analgesic consumption were compared in both groups. Pain scores used included Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale, "faces", and a 0-10 visual analogue pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of early and late vomiting (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 respectively). Fewer patients in the dexamethasone group needed antiemetic rescue (P < 0.01). The time to first oral intake was shorter, and the time to first dose of analgesic was longer in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.01). Pain scores 30 min after extubation were lower (P < 0.05) in the dexamethasone group. At 12 and 24 hr postoperative swallowing was still significantly less painful in the dexamethasone group than in the control group (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative dexamethasone 0.5 mg.kg(-1) iv reduced both postoperative vomiting and pain in children after electrocautery tonsillectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. mokhtare_h@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mokhtar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elhakim
authors.forename: Naglaa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Inas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.forename: Mostafa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Riad
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Refat
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone