title: Level of vigilance influences licking frequency in rats.
abstract: In rats, the basic licking rhythm is generated by the central pattern generator located in the brainstem. Nevertheless, the licking frequency can be regulated between about 7.5 and 4 Hz by changing the drinking conditions. If these conditions are kept constant, the licking frequency can be influenced only to a minor degree by factors such as deprivation level, type of solution, and phase of the session. The aim of our study was to compare the licking frequency of rats at different levels of vigilance. We investigated spontaneous licking of rats by an electrical lick sensor; parallel behavior monitoring was also performed. Animals kept in a stable environment and showing a lower level of vigilance licked at a rate of 5.96 Hz, fully vigilant rats licked significantly more rapidly at a frequency 6.57 Hz. The fastest rate of licking (6.49 Hz and 6.82 Hz, respectively) was encountered in alert rats under a mild stress caused by the presence of a second animal in the experimental box. The vigilance level is thus another factor affecting the licking rate of rats that should be taken into account in behavioral licking experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Olga.Vajnerova@lfmotol.cuni.cz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vajnerová
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bielavská
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiruska
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brozek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010507:Periodicity; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity