title: Interleukin-6 genetic polymorphisms are not related to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6 have been related to several chronic inflammatory diseases. Inter-individual variation in the severity of gastric inflammation may be important in determining the clinical outcome of an Helicobacter pylori infection and relate to polymorphisms in this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied H. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer. In addition six gastric cancer cell lines, AGS, SNU-668, MKN-1, MKN-7, MKN28 and KATOIII, were cocultured with both cag pathogenicity island-positive and -negative H. pylori. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -174, -572, and -597 in the IL-6 promoter region were identified by PCR-RFLP. The IL-6 production from the cancer cells was determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients with gastric cancer and 60 with duodenal ulcer were studied. The alleles at positions -174 and -597 were closely linked (-174G/-597G or -174C/-597A) regardless of the ethnic group or disease presentation. There was no difference in the allele frequency at any of the sites among patient groups. H. pylori-induced IL-6 production from the gastric cancer cell lines was also independent of the IL-6 polymorphisms or the presence of the cag pathogenicity island.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic polymorphisms in IL-6 can be attributable to ethnicity and appear to be independent of the clinical outcome of an H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Il-Ran
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ping-I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Leif E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Jong G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6