title: First-trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe first-trimester ultrasound diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into uterine Cesarean section scars.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women referred for an ultrasound scan because of suspected early pregnancy complications were screened for pregnancies implanted into a previous Cesarean section scar. The management of Cesarean section scar pregnancies included transvaginal surgical evacuation, medical treatment with local injection of 25 mg methotrexate into the exocelomic cavity and expectant management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen Cesarean section scar pregnancies were diagnosed in a 4-year period. The prevalence in the local population was 1 : 1800 pregnancies. Surgical treatment was used in eight women and it was successful in all cases. The respective success rates of medical treatment and expectant management were 5/7 (71%) and 1/3 (33%). Five women (28%) required blood transfusion and one woman (6%) had a hysterectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cesarean section scar pregnancies are more common than previously thought. When the diagnosis is made in the first trimester the prognosis is good and the risk of hysterectomy is relatively low.
authors.affiliation: Early Pregnancy and Gynaecology Assessment Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King's College Hospital, London, UK. davor.jurkovic@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jurkovic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hillaby
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woelfer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Elson
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002585:Cesarean Section; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin