title: Detrimental effects of short-term mechanical ventilation on diaphragm function and IGF-I mRNA in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because respiratory muscle weakness appears to play an important role in weaning from mechanical ventilation, we developed an animal model of mechanical ventilation with appropriate controls in order to determine whether 24 h of mechanical ventilation already affected diaphragmatic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: a non-anesthetized control group (C, n=10), an anesthetized spontaneously breathing group (SB, n=9 out of 26), and an anesthetized and mechanically ventilated group (MV, n=12 out of 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 h, in vitro diaphragmatic force was decreased in SB group but even more so in MV group (i.e., 80 Hz: -15% in SB, P<0.005 vs C and -34% in MV group, P<0.005 vs C and SB). This was associated with a significant decrease in the diaphragm type I and type IIa dimensions in the SB group, which was more pronounced in the MV group. Interestingly, diaphragm IGF-I mRNA was decreased in the SB group (-14%, P<0.05 vs C), but more so in MV group (-29%, P<0.001 vs C and P<0.01 vs SB). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between diaphragm force and IGF-I mRNA (at 80 Hz r=0.51, P=0.0056).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 24 h of mechanical ventilation in rats, independently of anesthesia, already significantly reduced diaphragm force, fiber dimensions, and its IGF-I mRNA levels.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation and Respiratory Division, University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gayan-Ramirez
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Paepe
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cadot
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I