title: A longitudinal examination of familial risk factors for depression among inner-city African American adolescents.
abstract: This research examines longitudinally associations between family risk factors and child and parent depression in 302 urban, low-income, African American adolescents (ages 9-15) and their parents across 2 waves of data collection. Diagnostic data revealed that 7.3% of parents and 3.0% of children at Time 1 and 5.4% of parents and 2.8% of children at Time 2 were clinically depressed. Regression analyses revealed that changes in family functioning were concurrently associated with changes in depression for both children and parents. Specifically, increases in conflict and decreases in parental monitoring were associated with increases in child depressive symptomatology, and increases in conflict and decreases in positive parenting were associated with increases in parental depressive symptomatology. Findings are discussed within a framework of understanding family protective factors and the prevention of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6502, USA. sagresta@siu.edu
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sagrestano
authors.forename: Roberta L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Paikoff
authors.forename: Grayson N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Holmbeck
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fendrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002641:Chicago; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population