title: Predictors of extracapsular extension and positive margins in African American and white men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) pathology from African American (AA) and White men from 1988 to 1999 was examined to determine if the pre-treatment factors PSA, clinical stage, biopsy grade, age at surgery, and year of surgery (YOS) were predictive of extracapsular extension (ECE) and positive margins for each ethnic group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and pathologic data was collected on 179 AA and 548 white men undergoing RRP from 1988 to 1999 at a tertiary military medical facility. Logistic regression with multivariate analysis was used to determine which pre-operative data-points were predictive of pathologic ECE and positive margins for each ethnic group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA, biopsy grade, age, and YOS (more recent years had better surgical pathology) were predictive of ECE for AA and white men. PSA, biopsy grade, and YOS were predictive of positive margins for AA men, while PSA and YOS were predictive of positive margins for white men. PSA continues to be a strong predictor of ECE and positive margins for both AA and white men. However, we describe for the first time, YOS being predictive of ECE and positive margins for both AA and White men, using multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is thought to be reflective of the improving public awareness of prostate cancer that has occurred during the PSA-era, resulting in patients participating in screening programs and being diagnosed earlier. Close follow-up of these patients is warranted to determine if the improved pathologic stage of those patients treated more recently translates into improved disease-specific mortality.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
authors.forename: Edmond L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: Roger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Laurence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: Judd W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen