title: Long-term combined supplementations with alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C have no detectable anti-inflammatory effects in healthy men.
abstract: Inflammatory and oxidative stresses play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. Vitamin E and vitamin C are the two most important dietary antioxidants; moreover, vitamin E has anti-inflammatory effects. Combined supplementations with vitamin E and vitamin C twice daily for 3 y reduced lipid peroxidation and retarded the progression of common carotid atherosclerosis in healthy men in the Antioxidant Supplementation in Atherosclerosis Prevention (ASAP) study. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms that retarded the progression of atherosclerosis in the ASAP study, we investigated the effect of a combined intake of vitamin E and vitamin C on inflammatory markers in vivo. Circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 45- to 69-y-old men from the ASAP study with cholesterol >5.0 mmol/L before and after treatment with either placebo (n = 52) or a combined supplementation with 91 mg (136 IU) alpha-tocopherol and 250 mg of slow-release vitamin C twice a day (n = 55) for 3 y. Antioxidant treatment for 36 mo had no effect on circulating levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 or CRP. In conclusion, long-term combined supplementations with alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C in reasonable doses have no detectable systemic anti-inflammatory effects in a healthy population of men with slight hypercholesterolemia and no overt signs of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, H:S, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. infdishb@rh.dk
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruunsgaard
authors.forename: Henrik E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Bente K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nyyssönen
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaikkonen
authors.forename: Jukka T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salonen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid