title: Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in antrochoanal polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a polypoid lesion originating from the maxillary sinus, emerging from the ostium and extending to the choana. Although the etiologic causes of ACP are not known completely, it presents a fairly uniform clinical appearance. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in non-specific immunoreactions and inflammation in various tissues and has a main regulatory role in airway function and seems to involve in pathomechanism of several respiratory system diseases. NO is synthesized by the effect of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase i.e. inducible NOS (iNOS). Some studies revealed that ACP has some different characteristics from the ordinary nasal polyps. In the present study, in order to compare ACP with allergic and non-allergic nasal polyps (NANP), we detected and localized the iNOS expression and also evaluate some histological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six cases were chosen from the files and four controls were used. The cases were separated as follows: normal inferior turbinate mucosa as control (n=4) ACPs (n=8), allergic nasal polyps (ANP) (n=9), and NANP (n=9). Five-micrometer thick sections were prepared from the paraffin sections of polyps and normal nasal mucosa to quantify the iNOS expression. iNOS protein was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial and stromal inflammatory cells. iNOS protein expression in the groups was assessed according to the intensity of staining and histomorphological parameters, oedema, lymphocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltration were detected semi quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iNOS expressions, either stromal or epithelial, were not different from each other among the four groups. Although it is not statistically significant, we noted that ANP and ACP frequently showed moderate and severe iNOS protein expression in epithelial and stromal parts when compared with NANPs and controls. Also, iNOS expression was significantly higher in the stroma of the ANPs than NANPs (P=0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACPs and ANPs have frequently showed moderate and significant epithelial and stromal iNOS expression. Further studies are needed in large groups to elucidate differences between ACP and the other nasal polyps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Turkey. cengizozcan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Duygu Düşmez
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Apa
authors.forename: Yavuz Selim
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Pata
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Görür
authors.forename: Yücel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akbaş
mesh_terms: D004848:Epithelium / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II