title: Glucocorticoid-induced impairment of declarative memory retrieval is associated with reduced blood flow in the medial temporal lobe.
abstract: Previous work indicates that stress levels of circulating glucocorticoids can impair retrieval of declarative memory in human subjects. Several studies have reported that declarative memory retrieval relies on the medial temporal lobe. The present study used H(2)(15)O-positron emission tomography to investigate whether acutely elevated glucocorticoid levels affect regional cerebral blood flow in the medial temporal lobe, as well as in other brain regions, during declarative memory retrieval in healthy male human subjects. When measured over four different declarative memory retrieval tasks, a single, stress-level dose of cortisone (25 mg) administered orally 1 h before retention testing, induced a large decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the right posterior medial temporal lobe, the left visual cortex and the cerebellum. The decrease in the right posterior medial temporal lobe was maximal in the parahippocampal gyrus, a region associated with successful verbal memory retrieval. Cortisone administration also significantly impaired cued recall of word pairs learned 24 h earlier, while drug effects on performance in the other tasks (verbal recognition, semantic generation and categorization) were not significant. The present results provide further evidence that acutely elevated glucocorticoid levels can impair declarative memory retrieval processes and suggest that such impairments may be related to a disturbance of medial temporal lobe function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zürich, Lenggstr. 31, 8029 Zürich, Switzerland. quervain@bli.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Dominique J-F
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: de Quervain
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henke
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aerni
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treyer
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McGaugh
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nitsch
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roozendaal
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects*; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects; D011932:Reading; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012660:Semantics; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003348:Cortisone; D006854:Hydrocortisone