title: In-utero transmission of quasispecies among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypes.
abstract: Samples from infants infected in-utero by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes A, C, D, and recombinants from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were examined for the presence of viral genetic quasispecies. HIV-1 envelope diversity was measured on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected within the first 48 h of life from 53 infants. Phylogenetic analysis of C2-C5 envelope nucleotide sequences was used for HIV-1 subtype classification. Forty-two of 53 samples (79%) showed a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) suggestive of transmission of a single quasispecies, while 21% showed infection with multiple quasispecies. No differences among HIV-1 subtypes were found in the proportion of single to multiple quasispecies transmitted in-utero (Likelihood ratio test, P = 0.83), nor were differences found among single to multiple quasispecies transmitted and maternal viral load (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.44). This suggests that differences in perinatal transmission between subtypes we previously observed in this cohort could not be associated with the likelihood for multiple independent infections during in-utero infections.
authors.affiliation: Harvard AIDS Institute and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6009, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Renjifo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mwakagile
authors.forename: Gernard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Msamanga
authors.forename: Wafaie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essex
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy