title: Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is reported to be highly expressed in tumors and inflammatory tissues, but its expression and role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unclear. In this study we examined the location and tissue density of cells immunoreactive for PD-ECGF in the colonic mucosa of IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded sections of colonic tissue from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) were immunostained for PD-ECGF. As controls, noninflamed mucosa of IBD, as well as normal colonic mucosa from patients with colorectal cancer, were used. Also, cancer tissues were evaluated. In addition, changes in the expression of PD-ECGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after treatment with inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors, as well as after coculture with colon cancer cell lines, were evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal colonic mucosa and noninflamed mucosa of IBD, PD-ECGF expression was negligible. In inflamed colonic mucosa, strong expression was observed, predominantly in macrophages and fibroblasts. Vascular endothelial cells of the inflamed colonic mucosa, but not of normal colonic mucosa or of neoplastic tissues, stained for PD-ECGF, and the microvessel density was significantly increased in the severely inflamed mucosa. Flow cytometry demonstrated that PD-ECGF was constitutively expressed in HUVEC. Inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased its expression, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) decreased it. Coculture with colon cancer cell lines in direct contact, but not in those without contact, also resulted in an important decrease in the expression of PD-ECGF in HUVEC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autocrine production of PD-ECGF by endothelial cells may be a mechanism of inflammatory angiogenesis, but not tumor angiogenesis, and may be particularly important for the maintenance of damaged vasculature in IBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Nelson H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tsuno
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sunami
authors.forename: Nobukazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: Yurai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okaji
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagawa
mesh_terms: D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase