title: Effect of dimethoate administration schedules on compensatory ovarian hypertrophy, follicular dynamics, and estrous cycle in hemicastrated mice.
abstract: Dimethoate, a widely used organophosphate insecticide, was administered orally (28 mg/kg body weight) to hemicastrated (HC) virgin mice on day 1 and for 5, 10, and 15 days. Hemicastrated untreated control mice showed a significant increase in relative ovarian weight, with 42.74% hypertrophy and an increase in healthy and atretic follicles when compared with those of sham-operated control animals. The HC mice treated for 1 day or for 5 days showed no significant change in ovarian weight (36.64% and 25.19% hypertrophy, respectively) or in healthy and atretic follicles, when compared with HC-control mice. Treatment with dimethoate for 10 or 15 days, however, resulted in a significant decrease in ovarian weight (19.84% and 0.76% hypertrophy, respectively), a significant decrease in the number of healthy follicles, and a concomitant significant increase in the number of atretic follicles when compared with those in HC control animals. No significant change occurred in the number of estrous cycles or duration of each phase of the estrous cycle in HC mice treated with dimethoate for either 1 or 5 days. In HC mice treated with dimethoate for 10 or 15 days, however, a significant decrease in the number of estrous cycles, duration of proestrus, estrus, and metestrus, a concomitant significant increase in the diestrus phase, when compared with HC control animals. In mice receiving dimethoate for 15 days (but not for 1, 5, or 10 days) a significant decrease occurred in body weight and in the weights of the uterus, kidney, spleen, and liver when compared with the parallel weights in HC control animals. The overall findings suggest that following dimethoate treatment, a significant decrease in ovarian weight with a concomitant increase in compensatory ovarian hypertrophy and in the number of healthy follicles, with a concomitant increase in the number of atretic follicles and interrupted estrous cycles, may be due to the direct effect on the ovary or may be due to a hormonal imbalance in any stage of the hypothalamo-hypophysial ovarian axis.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 58003, India.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mahadevaswami
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Kaliwal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004117:Dimethoate / Q000633:toxicity*; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004117:Dimethoate