Structural variety of membrane permeable peptides.
Peptide-mediated protein delivery into living cells has been attracting our attention. Among the peptides that have been reported to have carrier activity, the one from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat has been most often used for the introduction of exogenous macromolecules into cells. We have shown that not only the Tat peptide, but also various arginine-rich peptides showed very similar characteristics in translocation, and the possible presence of ubiquitous internalization mechanisms among the arginine-rich peptides has also been suggested. These arginine-rich peptides includes ones derived from HIV-1 Rev and flock house virus coat proteins. The linear- and branched-chain peptides containing approximately 8 residues of arginine also show a similar ability. In this review, we present the structural variety of membrane permeable peptides and provide a survey of the findings on the translocation of these peptides through the cell membranes.
Futaki
Shiroh
S
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. futaki@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Goto
Susumu
S
Suzuki
Tomoki
T
Nakase
Ikuhiko
I
Sugiura
Yukio
Y
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D054321:rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C422951:tat peptide (48-60), Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D001120:Arginine