title: L-tryptophan reacts with naturally occurring and food-occurring phenolic aldehydes to give phenolic tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids: activity as antioxidants and free radical scavengers.
abstract: The reaction between the essential amino acid l-tryptophan and flavoring or naturally occurring phenyl and phenolic aldehydes was studied, and the alkaloidal reaction products were characterized by NMR and HPLC-MS. Benzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and anisaldehyde condensed with l-tryptophan in aqueous-acidic media affording the corresponding phenolic tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid as two diastereoisomers, 1S,3S-cis and 1R,3S-trans. With the exception of benzaldehyde, the rest of the aldehydes needed heating conditions (70 degrees C) to significantly form tetrahydro-beta-carbolines over time with the cyclization highly favored at low pH. This suggests a likely formation of these compounds under conditions that may occur in foods, food processing, or cooking. The new phenolic tetrahydro-beta-carboline alkaloids were assayed, for the first time, for their activity as free radical scavengers and antioxidants and showed good antioxidant properties with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values much higher than those of ascorbic acid and the water soluble vitamin E analogue, Trolox, in the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. therraiz@ifi.csic.es
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herraiz
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galisteo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamorro
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003500:Cyclization; D005504:Food Analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002243:Carbolines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; C013243:salicylaldehyde; C069665:syringaldehyde; C009804:tryptoline; D014364:Tryptophan; C100058:vanillin; C032175:benzaldehyde