title: Interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and glycaemic control influences lipoprotein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on lipid levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  109 patients with Type 2 diabetes were included. The patients were not on any lipid-lowering treatment. The groups with different ACE genotypes had similar ages, sex distributions, body mass indices, systolic blood pressures and indices of glycaemic control. ACE gene I/D polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean apolipoprotein B (apoB) level was significantly higher in the group of DD homozygotes compared with the subjects with at least one insertion allele (DD: 1.21 +/- 0.25 g/l vs. ID + II: 1.04 +/- 0.27 g/l; P = 0.007). Significant correlations between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and both apoB and cholesterol levels were found (r = 0.27; P < 0.01). For the apoB, this correlation was highly significant in the DD-genotype subgroup (r = 0.54; P < 0.01), and was not significant in the subgroup of patients with genotypes ID or II. In the multivariate analysis, HbA1c and the interaction of genotype DD with HbA1c were significant independent predictors of apoB (r2 = 0.17) and cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that the interaction between the DD genotype of angiotensin-converting enzyme and chronic hyperglycaemia (expressed by HbA1c level) is related to higher plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, such as apoB and cholesterol, in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Safárik University, Kosice, Slovakia. IvanTkac@medic.upjs.sk
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tkác
authors.forename: Ján
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salagovic
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozárová
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosolová
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molcányiová
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mosorjáková
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chleborádová
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalina
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A