title: [Botulinum toxin in ENT medicine].
abstract: In otorhinolaryngology, botulinum toxin is a suitable therapeutic option in the muscular and the autonomic nervous system concerning dysfunctions. Respecting some special aspects, it is an effective treatment for disorders of different etiology with very few side-effects. The positive therapeutic effect is temporarily limited, so that the patients need further treatment. Beside the classical indications like the facial hyperkinesias (i.e. blepharospasms, hemifacial spasm) the treatment of complex dystonias (oromandibular dystonia, laryngeal dystonia, cervical dystonia), gustatory sweating, hypersalivation and crocodile tears is successful. Botulinum toxin is an alternative treatment of tension type headache and migraine. A new indication of botulinum toxin application may lay in the treatment of nasal hypersecretion through the effect on the nasal glands.
authors.affiliation: HNO-Klinik der Universität Göttingen.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrbach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laskawi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D000075202:Contraindications; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D000109:Acetylcholine