title: Magnetic resonance imaging study of pituitary morphology in subjects homozygous and heterozygous for a null mutation of the GHRH receptor gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Somatotrophs represent the majority of cells in the anterior pituitary, and their numeric reduction can cause anterior pituitary hypoplasia (APH). Small numbers of patients with familial isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to bi-allelic mutations in the GHRH receptor (GHRHR) gene (GHRHR) have been reported to have APH. We tested if APH was present in a large cohort of patients homozygous and heterozygous for a GHRHR mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied pituitary morphology in adult and pediatric age subjects (8 years of age and older) belonging to a large extended Brazilian kindred with a high prevalence of IGHD due to a null GHRHR mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 38 subjects, divided into four groups: group I: normal adults (five males, four females, age 38+/-11.7 years); group II: heterozygous adults (six males, seven females, age 42.23+/-8.8 years); group III: homozygous GH-naive affected adults (three males, five females, age 41.4+/-15.0 years); group IV: homozygous affected children (three males, five females, age 11.9+/-2.5 years). Results are expressed as means+/-s.d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pituitary height (mm) was not different between groups II and I (4.61+/-1.55 and 4.41+/-0.62 respectively), but it was significantly reduced in groups III (2.67+/-0.87, P<0.001) and IV (2.87+/-0.79, P<0.001) compared with group I. Pituitary volume (mm(3)) was normal in group II (417.12+/-140.86), but it was significantly reduced in groups III and IV (124.06+/-64.27 and 155.68+/-39.79 respectively vs 414.56+/-71.57; both P<0.001). The volume ratio (calculated by multiplying the pituitary volume by 1000 and dividing it by cranial volume) was significantly lower in the affected subjects (groups III and IV) (0.06+/-0.02) than in unaffected (groups I and II) (0.15+/-0.04; P<0.0001), demonstrating that APH is not due to reduction of cranial volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APH is present from childhood in patients homozygous for an inactivating GHRHR mutation, but it does not occur in heterozygous subjects. In our cohort, the presence of normal anterior pituitary size by MRI rules out homozygosity for a GHRHR mutation in subjects who are 8 years of age or older.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Radiology Divisions, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE 49060-100, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helio A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvatori
authors.forename: Miriam P O
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Carla R P
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Paula R C
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Manuel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aguiar-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000473:pathology*; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000473:pathology; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D018017:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018017:Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C048250:somatotropin releasing hormone receptor