title: Racial differences in selected cytokine allelic and genotypic frequencies among healthy, pregnant women in North Carolina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic susceptibility to diseases is likely influenced by common DNA variants in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The value of SNPs for linkage and association mapping studies may depend on the distribution of SNP allele frequencies across populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the SNP allelic frequencies among Caucasian and African American women for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1, interleukin-10 (IL10), interleukin-6 (IL6), and interferon (IFN)gamma.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from whole blood from 123 healthy, pregnant women. PCR-based genotyping was performed for the genes encoding TNFalpha (-308G/A), TGFbeta1 (codon 10C/T, codon 25C/G), IL10 (-1082A/G, -819T/C, -592A/C), IL6 (-174C/G) and IFNgamma (874T/A). Allele frequencies were determined by Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Linkage Disequilibrium tests. Differences in the SNP allelic frequencies between Caucasians and African Americans were assessed by the chi(2) of Amitage trend test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNP allelic and genotypic frequencies for IL6 and IFNgamma, but not for TNFalpha, TGFbeta1, and IL10, differed significantly between the Caucasian and African American women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of racial differences in SNP allelic and genotypic frequencies for selected cytokines is important for designing and powering future linkage and association mapping studies investigating the role of cytokines in human disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1081, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aschner
authors.forename: Carolina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Aschner
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000483:Alleles; D003062:Codon; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009657:North Carolina; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D044469:Racial Groups; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA