title: [The psychopathology of the unawareness of cognitive impairments and behavioral limitations in traumatic brain-injured patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the unawareness of cognitive impairments and behavioral limitations using a psychopathological approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with chronic severe TBI. Outpatient TBI rehabilitation programs in three different centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports. The data from semi-structured interviews with the patients and their families, at least six months after the accident, were compared with data supplied by the Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS) and the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised (NRS-R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients demonstrated unawareness of their limitations according to the PCRS (Group I), whereas six did not (Group II). Psychic phenomena specific to patients of group I were found. Some of these were specific to brain injury, such as the lack of representation of cognitive impairments and behavioral limitations or the difficulty to integrate the brain-injury into one's psychic space. Others were not specific to brain injury such as mourning process difficulties, personality characteristics, defense mechanisms. Several psychic phenomena coexisted in the same patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the complexity of unawareness of cognitive impairments and behavioral limitations and makes future clinical and theoretical definition indispensable.
authors.affiliation: Adep-Cicl et Adep-Mas, 3, rue Gerhard-Prolongée, 92800, Puteaux, France. h.oppenheim.adep.fr@wanadoo.fr <h.oppenheim.adep.fr@wanadoo.fr>
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oppenheim-Gluckman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fayol
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Collasson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dumond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azouvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000377:Agnosia / Q000209:etiology*; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D005190:Family; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011599:Psychopathology; D013997:Time Factors