title: Beta-blockers in chronic heart failure: what have we learned? What do we still need to know?
abstract: Current heart failure guidelines mandate the use of beta-blockers in patients with symptomatic systolic heart failure. In the past 12-18 months, there have been several reported advances in our understanding of beta-blocker therapy for heart failure. Despite these advances, there remain several unanswered questions with regard to beta-blockers. These involve, firstly, clarifying the underlying mechanisms of action of beta-blockers; secondly, further analysing patients with systolic heart failure who are not well-studied in major clinical trials (e.g. the elderly); thirdly, investigating unexplored indications for beta-blockers in heart failure; and finally, directly examining the clinical relevance of pharmacological differences among agents. The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the response to beta-blocker therapy, as well as interaction of these agents with future heart failure therapies, requires extensive investigation.
authors.affiliation: National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Therapeutics, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Victoria 3004, Melbourne, Australia. henry.krum@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors