Modelling brain diseases in mice: the challenges of design and analysis.
Genetically engineered mice have been generated to model a variety of neurological disorders. Several of these models have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of the relevant diseases; however, they have rarely reproduced all, or even most, of the features observed in the corresponding human conditions. Here, we review the challenges that must be faced when attempting to accurately reproduce human brain disorders in mice, and discuss some of the ways to overcome them. Building on the knowledge gathered from the study of existing mutants, and on recent progress in phenotyping mutant mice, we anticipate better methods for preclinical interventional trials and significant advances in the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases.
Watase
Kei
K
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Zoghbi
Huda Y
HY
D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D005621:Friedreich Ataxia / Q000235:genetics; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000235:genetics; D020966:Muscular Disorders, Atrophic / Q000235:genetics; D015518:Rett Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics