title: Effects of exercise training on physical activity in older people: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent randomized controlled trials indicated that exercise training for elderly significantly increased their physical fitness. However, very few studies have examined changes in physical activity after exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether six-month exercise training for older adults can increase and maintain their physical activity in daily life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two men and women aged 60 to 81 years (mean age 67.1 years), living in communities, were randomly allocated into an exercise group (n = 32) or a control group (n = 33). The intervention started in April 1998 and lasted for 25 weeks. The exercise regimen consisted of endurance training and resistance exercises in a two-hour class conducted at least twice a week. The subjects completed a physical activity diary at each pre-intervention (March 1998), post-intervention (September 1998) and follow-up (April 1999) measurement of physical activity. Physical activity, expressed as total daily energy expenditure, was calculated by multiplying the amount of time spent in each activity and the corresponding METs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total daily energy expenditure significantly increased from 40.8 kcal/kg/day to 43.5 kcal/kg/day in the exercise group (p = 0.03), but did not change in the control group. At the follow-up measurement, the mean total daily energy expenditure in the exercise group remained significantly higher, by 1.7 kcal/kg/day, than that at the pre-intervention (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomized controlled trial indicated that exercise training for elderly was effective in increasing physical activity in daily life.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagatomi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hozawa
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Koya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauvaget
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamagawa
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors