Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPalpha): a Src family kinase activator and mediator of multiple biological effects.
This review discusses progress made over the past 10+ years in elucidating the properties, regulation, and function of protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPalpha). It is apparent from studies in knockout mice and diverse cell lines that the major action of PTPalpha is as a positive regulator of src and src family kinases. PTPalpha dephosphorylates and activates src. In this manner it affects transformation and tumourigenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest, mitotic activation of src, integrin signaling, neuronal differentiation and outgrowth, and ion channel activity. PTPalpha may well modulate additional processes, including insulin signaling, and have other targets besides src family kinases. As an important modulator of several specific cell signaling pathways, PTPalpha has promise as a target for drug discovery. Continued research on the physiological and pathological activities of PTPalpha is necessary to define the therapeutic potential of PTPalpha-directed pharmacologicals.
Pallen
Catherine J
CJ
Department of Pediatrics, BC Research Institute for Children's & Women's Health, University of British Columbia, 3102-950 West 28 Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada. cpallen@interchange.ubc.ca
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000502:physiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
D016023:Integrins; D007473:Ion Channels; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C516841:PTPRA protein, human; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516843:Ptpra protein, mouse; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4