Mechanisms of the free fatty acid-induced increase in hepatic glucose production.
The associations between obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are well documented. Free fatty acids (FFA), which are often elevated in obesity, have been implicated as an important link in these associations. Contrary to muscle glucose metabolism, the effects of FFA on hepatic glucose metabolism and the associated mechanisms have not been extensively investigated. It is still controversial whether FFA have substantial effects on hepatic glucose production, and the mechanisms responsible for these putative effects remain unknown. We review recent progress in this area and try to clarify controversial issues regarding the mechanisms responsible for the FFA-induced increase in hepatic glucose production in the postabsorptive state and during hyperinsulinemia.
Lam
Tony K T
TK
Department of Physiology and Medicine, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Carpentier
André
A
Lewis
Gary F
GF
van de Werve
Gérald
G
Fantus
I George
IG
Giacca
Adria
A
D000818:Animals; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin