title: Reduced brain electric activities of frontal lobe in cortical cerebellar atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between cerebellum and brain cortical activity without motor factors, we recorded the mid-latency auditory evoked responses (MLRs) with simultaneous recording of the electroencephalography (EEG) at rest in patients with 'pure cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA)'.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 12 normal control subjects and non-demented 'pure CCA' patients determined by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessed intelligence, frontal lobe function and word fluency. Spontaneous eyes-closed resting EEG and MLRs were recorded from 20 scalp electrodes and analysed with low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to compute the 3-dimensional intracerebral distribution of electric activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuropsychological tests revealed no differences between CCA and the control. Analysis of EEG and MLRs using classical methods also did not reveal any differences. LORETA analysis indicated significant decrease of alpha2 activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus in CCA. On MLRs, the most significant difference was observed at P1 component, and CCA patients showed significant decrease at the right superior frontal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that the frontal lobe and ascending reticular activating system are inhibited in CCA patients, and suggested the involvement of the cerebellum in cortical electric activities irrespective of motor adjunct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative EEG and MLR measurements with LORETA pointed out frontal lobe hypoactivities in pure CCA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan. mio-a@dokkyomed.ac.jp <mio-a@dokkyomed.ac.jp>
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Roberto D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pascual-Marqui
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D012146:Rest