Id proteins in epithelial cells.
Id helix-loop-helix (Id HLH) proteins are negative regulators of basic HLH transcription factors. They are expressed during embryonic development and are important for the regulation of cell phenotypes in adults. They participate in the molecular networks controlling cell growth, differentiation, and carcinogenesis, through specific basic HLH and non-basic HLH protein interactions. Recent in vitro and in vivo data implicate Id HLH as important orchestrating proteins of homeostasis in glandular and protective epithelia. In particular, Id proteins have been reported to be involved in cell behavior in epidermis, respiratory system, digestive tract, pancreas, liver, thyroid, urinary system, prostate, testis, endometrium, cervix, ovary, and mammary gland. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence implicating Id proteins in the regulation of mammalian epithelial cell phenotypes.
Coppé
Jean-Philippe
JP
California Pacific Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
Smith
Andrew P
AP
Desprez
Pierre-Yves
PY
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D006801:Humans; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000502:physiology
C497453:ID1 protein, human; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors