title: Testing for the D zygosity with three different methods revealed altered Rhesus boxes and a new weak D type.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The discrimination of D+/D+ from D+/D- partners of D- mothers with anti-D is important to estimate the risk for HDN. This may be achieved if the presence or absence of the hybrid Rhesus box in the father can be demonstrated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new PCR-SSP method specific for the hybrid Rhesus box comprising an internal amplification control was compared with two published PCR-based methods (PCR-SSP and PCR-RFLP) in 83 D+, 13 D-, and 37 weak D samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The deletion of RHD was detectable in all D- and weak D samples. By all three methods, concordant results were obtained in 82 of 83 D+ samples, with one sample showing discrepant results. The control band in the PCR-RFLP method, specific for the downstream Rhesus box, was missing in two weak D samples, namely a weak D type 4.0 and a novel weak D type dubbed weak D type 29. Further investigations revealed an altered downstream Rhesus box in the weak D type 29 sample. In the weak D type 4.0 sample, no amplicon was achieved with any primer specific for the upstream and downstream Rhesus box.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PCR-SSP method with internal control was established for the detection of the hybrid Rhesus box. Polymorphisms in the downstream Rhesus box may interfere with the detection of RHD.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Blood Group Serology, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perco
authors.forename: Chao-Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Wolfgang Richard
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panzer
authors.forename: Tobias Jörg
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Legler
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D004247:DNA