title: Comparative efficacy of an injectable vaccine and an intranasal vaccine in stimulating Bordetella bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses in seropositive dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare antibody responses to intranasal and SC Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in seropositive dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 young adult Beagles vaccinated against B bronchiseptica.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (intranasal vaccine, SC vaccine, intranasal and SC vaccines, no vaccine) and vaccinated on day 0. Serum and salivary B bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses were measured on days 0 through 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs that were vaccinated with the SC vaccine, alone or in combination with the intranasal vaccine, had a significant increase in serum concentration of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgG beginning on day 5 and persisting through day 28. Dogs that were vaccinated with the intranasal vaccine alone had a significant increase in serum concentration of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgG beginning on day 10 and persisting through day 28, but serum IgG concentration in these dogs was significantly less than concentration in dogs that received the SC vaccine. Neither vaccine had a demonstrable effect on salivary concentrations of B bronchiseptica-reactive IgA or IgG. On day 10, all vaccinated groups had significantly higher serum IgA concentrations than did unvaccinated control dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the SC B bronchiseptica vaccine may be used to stimulate antibody responses in seropositive dogs. There was no apparent benefit to administering these vaccines simultaneously. Intranasal vaccines may not be effective for booster vaccination of dogs previously exposed to or immunized against B bronchiseptica. Dogs should be vaccinated at least 5 days prior to exposure to B bronchiseptica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: G Steven
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Krakowka
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konoby
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G