title: Innate recognition of bacteria: engagement of multiple receptors.
abstract: Until recently, consensus was that the mechanism of action of the innate immune system was a simplified one. Current research findings in the field of innate recognition of bacteria suggest that it involves complex associations of receptors depending on cell type and bacterial stimuli, CD14, integrins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), CD55, ion channels, and activation clusters containing heat shock proteins, chemokine receptor 4 and a plethora of other molecules have been shown to serve as key molecules in bacterial recognition. In this article, we review all the advances in the field and discuss the possibility that the repertoire for recognition of pathogens is defined by the combinational engagement of multiple receptors.
authors.affiliation: University of Portsmouth, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth, Hants, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triantafilou
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brandenburg
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gutsmann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seydel
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Triantafilou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic