title: Relationship of internalized racism to abdominal obesity and blood pressure in Afro-Caribbean women.
abstract: Racism is associated with increased psychosocial stress and blood pressure in blacks. However, little is known of the relationship of racism to other features of insulin resistance syndrome. This study examined the relationship of internalized racism to abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure in a population of black Caribbean women aged 20-55 years. One hundred thirty-three randomly selected women from the island of Barbados comprised the study sample. Data collected included anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and information about internalized racism, anxiety, and depression. The stress measures including anxiety, depression, and internalized racism were significantly correlated with waist circumference (r = .25, r = .21, and r = .25). After adjusting for age, education, anxiety, and depression, internalized racism remained significantly correlated with waist circumference. The odds ratio associated with development of abdominal obesity among those with high internalized racism (OR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.1,5.3]) was significant (P < .05) after adjusting for age, education, and body mass index. Blood pressure was not independently related to internalized racism. Studies comparing black-white differences in diseases for which abdominal obesity is a risk factor (eg, diabetes and cardiovascular disease) should take into account the potential role of internalized racism in defining the differences between ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Minority International Research Training Program, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tull
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wickramasuriya
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smith-Burns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Champagnie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daye
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: O W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001460:Barbados / Q000453:epidemiology; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011287:Prejudice; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*