title: Possible role of nitric oxide in anxiety following transient cerebral ischemia in mice.
abstract: The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in anxiety following transient cerebral ischemia by a 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion was examined in mice. Two days after the ischemia, mice showed a significant decrease in time spent on the open arms in the elevated plus-maze test; and likewise, they showed shortened social interaction time in the social interaction test, suggesting the induction of anxiety. Such anxiety behavior, however, was diminished 7 days after the treatment in both tests. A nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N( omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, S-ethylisothiourea (EIT), given twice after reperfusion, produced an anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus-maze test 2 days after the ischemia, while only the former produced antianxiety in the social interaction test. A relatively selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), failed to decrease the level of anxiety in both tests. These results suggest that the production of NO participates in the anxiogenic behavior by the ischemia. Furthermore, NO generated by endothelial NOS (eNOS) or eNOS with iNOS, with no involvement of nNOS, plays an important role in the anxiety induced by the ischemia. Thus, we conclude that 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion provides a useful exploratory animal model for anxiety following transient cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Research for Pharmacoinformatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Mihoko N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ajiki
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D007550:Isothiuronium; C007687:etiron; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496321:Nos1 protein, mouse; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester