title: Surveillance with microsatellite analysis of urine in bladder cancer patients treated by radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interpretation of cystoscopy and cytology may be troublesome in bladder cancer patients previously treated by radiotherapy. We evaluated polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular cytology by microsatellite analysis (MA) and routine urine cytology (RUC) and expert urine cytology (EUC) as modes of surveillance for patients previously treated by radiotherapy with curative intent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one voided urine samples were obtained from 49 patients prior to cystoscopy and subjected to MA, RUC and EUC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, six patients developed a recurrence. Sensitivity of MA, RUC and EUC was 83%, 50% and 33%, respectively. The specificity of MA, RUC and EUC was 93%, 85% and 97%, respectively. Cystoscopy was positive in 15 cases. Therefore, the positive predictive value of cystoscopy remained limited to 40%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Next to recent studies demonstrating a high accuracy for MA in non-irradiated patients, our results indicate that molecular cytology by MA may also be a useful tool to improve the surveillance of bladder cancer patients previously treated by radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-Josephine Nefkens Institute, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. basvanrhijn@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bas W G
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: van Rhijn
authors.forename: Marij
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Geenen
authors.forename: Arendjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wijnmaalen
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kirkels
authors.forename: Theo H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van der Kwast
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuenen-Boumeester
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Zwarthoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000652:urine*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D012333:RNA, Messenger