title: Update on the role of drug therapy in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
abstract: Non-ulcer dyspepsia is common and is often confused with other diagnoses. It remains a condition identified by exclusion, and continues to be a challenge to manage. Currently, only a limited number of pharmacological options are available. Antacids are no more effective than placebo in treating nonulcer dyspepsia. H2-receptor antagonists appear to be superior to placebo in efficacy, but many of the studies suggesting this finding have had a suboptimal study design. Proton pump inhibitors have been shown to be superior to placebo, although questions remain as to whether the only subgroup that responds is comprised of patients with unrecognized gastroesophageal reflux disease. Studies have found that prokinetic agents are superior to placebo, but currently only a very limited number of agents within this class can be prescribed in the United States. Sparse data support the role of metoclopramide and its side effects limit its use even further. The eradication of Helicobacter pylori has a small but positive therapeutic benefit in non-ulcer dyspepsia, and can be considered in those confirmed to be infected. Sucralfate is unlikely to be effective, and misoprostol is ineffective. Bismuth alone is probably not efficacious. Tricyclic antidepressants may have a therapeutic role, but this is not firmly established and this class of medication should be reserved for resistant cases. Emerging therapies include drugs that relax the gastric fundus, such as buspirone or sumatriptan, and the new prokinetic tegaserod. Psychological therapies may play a role but studies of these therapies are limited. Therapy for non-ulcer dyspepsia remains challenging and is usually empiric; it will remain so until the mechanisms that induce symptoms of dyspepsia are better understood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Talley
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020117:Cisapride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013392:Sucralfate / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013392:Sucralfate; D008787:Metoclopramide; D020117:Cisapride