title: Remodeling in peripheral vein graft revisions: serial study with three-dimensional ultrasound imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remodeling of vein grafts in the lower limb can lead to stenotic lesions that threaten long-term graft patency. Progressive changes in vein graft geometry were measured at sites of repaired stenoses with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten vein graft revisions with patch angioplasty were followed up for 31 to 47 weeks. Four revisions were at valve sites, and six were at sites of diffuse intimal hyperplasia. Sets of spatially registered two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional ultrasound images were assembled to create 3D computer models of each vein graft. Cross-sectional area measurements in planes normal to the vessel center axis were calculated from the 3D surface reconstructions. Data sets from serial studies were registered in a common coordinate system, and cross-sectional area measurements were compared at matched sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of the four vein graft revisions at valve sites changed by less than 18%, and one decreased in cross-sectional area by 61%. Five of the six revisions at sites of diffuse intimal hyperplasia demonstrated significant decreases in lumen area ranging from 26% to 61%, and one revision exhibited no significant change in cross-sectional area. Reproducibility of the cross-sectional area measurements derived from the 3D imaging technique was 6.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential area measurements from 3D ultrasound scans demonstrated different remodeling patterns and rates of change among revision sites within the vein grafts. Lumen narrowing documented with 3D scanning was not associated with consistent flow velocity changes on conventional duplex graft surveillance scans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA. leotta@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Leotta
authors.forename: Jean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Primozich
authors.forename: Kirk W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Bergelin
authors.forename: R Eugene
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Zierler
authors.forename: D Eugene
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Strandness
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional / Q000379:methods; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology