title: Caspase inhibition shifts neuroepithelioma cell response to okadaic acid from apoptosis to an apoptotic-like form of death.
abstract: We have previously shown that the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) induces caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in CHP-100 human neuroepithelioma cells. Herein we provide a more general picture of the effects brought about by OA in this system, also investigating whether caspase activation is necessary for apoptosis induction. We report that incubation for 24 h with 10 nM OA induced a large fraction of the cell population to undergo premature chromosome condensation (PCC) or mitotic arrest, but not apoptosis. The former two effects were also observed after cell treatment with 20 nM OA; however, at this concentration, typical apoptotic cells were also detected, characterized by pycnotic and fragmented nuclei. Occurrence of the above-mentioned apoptotic figures turned extensive at 100 nM OA. The pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.fmk, 100 microM) fully prevented apoptosis induced by 20 nM OA, increasing PCC incidence. Conversely, 100 nM OA induced an apoptotic-like phenotype, even in the presence of Z-VAD.fmk: in this case, however, nuclei, albeit pycnotic, displayed morphological characteristics distinct from those of typical apoptotic cells; moreover, as assessed by flow cytometry, they were largely unfragmented. The reported OA effects occurred in a setting in which neither p53 nor p21(Cip1/Waf1) was upregulated, thus ruling out a role for these proteins in apoptosis induction. On the other hand, apoptotic doses of OA induced a shift of the retinoblastoma gene product to the hypophosphorylated state and its downregulation by a caspase-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cannata
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Bartolomeo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinedi
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D018241:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D013936:Thymidine