title: Immediate functional and non-functional loading of dental implants: a 2- to 60-month follow-up study of 646 titanium implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was the evaluation, from a clinical point of view, of implants subjected to immediate functional loading (IFL) and to immediate non-functional loading (INFL) in various anatomical configurations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 152 patients who had given their informed consent. A total of 646 implants were inserted. The implants were placed in 39 totally edentulous mandibles, 14 edentulous maxillae, 23 edentulous posterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior maxillae, and 15 edentulous posterior maxillae. Fifty-eight implants were used to replace single missing teeth. In 65 cases, IFL was carried out for 422 implants. INFL was carried out in 116 cases, (224 implants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the IFL group 6 of 422 implants failed (1.4%); in the INFL group 2 of 224 implants failed (0.9%). All the other implants appeared, from clinical and radiographic observations, to have successfully osseointegrated and have been functioning satisfactorily since insertion. All failures were observed in the first few months after implant loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate functional and non-functional loading seems to be a technique that gives satisfactory results in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti, Italy. marcodegidi@tin.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degidi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003831:Denture, Partial, Immediate; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium