title: Functional outcome of AO type C distal humeral fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the functional outcome of AO type C distal humeral fractures (bicondylar fractures) managed with dual orthogonal plate fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients were reviewed retrospectively at a mean of 45.1 months. Patient-rated outcomes (Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand [DASH], Patient Rated Ulnar Nerve Evaluation [PRUNE], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Elbow form [ASES-e], and Short Form-36 [SF-36]), clinical, radiographic, and objective evaluations were used to assess outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 40% of patients required a third plate for adequate fixation. Patients identified minimal subjective deficits (10%) with a mean satisfaction of 93%. The arc of motion was decreased in the flexion-extension plane (122 degrees relative to 138 degrees, p <.01), whereas strength was lower for both elbow flexion-extension and forearm rotation (p <.05). The overall complication rate was 48%, however, most were minor and resolved without further surgery. No ulnar neuropathies were identified at follow-up after routine ulnar nerve transposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes of AO type C distal humeral fractures were good with dual orthogonal plating, ulnar nerve transposition, and early motion. Additional plating may be required with distal fracture patterns or osteopenic bone.
authors.affiliation: St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wade T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Gofton
authors.forename: Joy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Macdermid
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Ken J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Graham J W
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001860:Bone Plates; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome