title: Adaptive and inflammatory immune responses in patients infected with strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
abstract: In patients with diarrhea caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, antibody-secreting cell responses to thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and whole-cell bacteria were seen. TDH- and LPS-specific responses were seen in serum samples, and immunoglobulin A antibody responses were observed in stool. Levels of C-reactive protein and nitric oxide metabolites increased in the systemic circulation at the onset of illness. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lactoferrin levels were high during the acute stage in mucosal secretions and in plasma, whereas interleukin-1beta levels were high only in mucosal secretions. Duodenal and rectal biopsy specimens obtained at the onset of illness showed an acute inflammatory response. The lamina propria showed edema, congestion of blood vessels, and hemorrhage, with an increase in levels of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages. Strains belonging to different serotypes exhibited varying resistance to killing by serum; the O8:K21 strain was most sensitive. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus results in B cell responses and an acute inflammatory response that is self-limiting.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPOBox 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. fqadri@icddrb.org
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Muhammad Shamsul
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishibuchi
authors.forename: Taufiqur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Nur Haque
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Jobayer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chisti
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Nurul Amin
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Minnie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mathan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: G Balakrish
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C068489:thermostable direct hemolysin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein