title: Expression of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) in human gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13; MMP-13) is a recently identified member of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with broad substrate specificity, and a potential role in tumor metastasis and invasion has been proposed for this enzyme. To date, in gastrointestinal tract tumors, collagenase-3 expression has been reported only in esophageal carcinoma; the presence and possible implications of this enzyme in the progression of gastric cancer are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, MMP-13 mRNA expression was analyzed in a series of 110 matched gastric adenocarcinomas and the corresponding adjacent normal mucosae as well as in nine gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, the mRNA expression of gelatinase a (MMP-2) and membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), two MMPs which have the ability to activate MMP-13 in vitro, was also examined in the same cases and cell lines. the production and localization of MMP-13, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-13 mrna was expressed in 23 of the 110 carcinomas (21%), and MT1-MMP mRNA was expressed in 45 (40%), but no MMP-13 or MT1-MMP mRNA was detected in any of the normal mucosae. Also, eight of the nine gastric cancer cell lines expressed mRNA of MMP-13, and in each cell line there was coordinate expression with either MT1-MMP or MMP-2 mRNA. MMP-13 and MT1-MMP were detected at the bases of invadopodia of the cultured cancer cells as well as in the invasive front of the tumors, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of MMP-13 protein in those cell lines and carcinomas that expressed its mrna. on zymography, almost all cell lines that expressed MMP-13 showed gelatinolytic bands corresponding to the active form of MMP-13 or one of its intermediate forms. Also, zymographic analysis of the tumor specimens revealed strong gelatinolytic bands of MMP-13 and MMP-2, whereas these bands in normal mucosa were weak. There was no significant relationship between MMP-13 mRNA expression and histologic type, lymph node metastasis, wall invasion, or distant metastasis. However, patients with MMP-13 mRNA-positive tumors had a poorer prognosis than those with MMP-13-mrna-negative cancer. Furthermore, patients with simultaneous expression of MMP-13 and MT1-MMP mRNA showed the poorest prognosis, as compared with those having tumors expressing either MMP-13 or MT1-MMP, or neither MMP-13 nor MT1-MMP mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MMP-13 expression may contribute to the progression of gastric cancer, and its coordinate overexpression with MT1-MMP and/or MMP-2 may have a cooperative effect in the progression of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elnemr
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonemura
authors.forename: Etsurou
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bandou
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tochiori
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endou
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2