Dynamic evaluation of the anorectum.
The evaluation of EP is complicated by the lack of any gold standard and a shifting clinical emphasis as management regimens go in and out of favor. As with all functional bowel disease, there is a residue of patients who are difficult to manage, and in whom a clinician will want maximum information before deciding on treatment. The examination has been criticized as lacking clinical relevance, and of having poor interobserver reliability except for rectal emptying and rectocele formation. Others have found a higher (83.3%) observer accuracy and a high yield of positive diagnoses. A questionnaire showed that clinicians found EP of major benefit in 40%, altering management from surgical to medical in 14% and vice versa in 4%. Radiographic examinations only impact on clinical management when findings alter management. Management protocols are evolving in functional disorders, but important features that EP reveals are anismus, trapping in rectoceles, IAI, and rectal prolapse. EP is the only method to diagnose some of these conditions and within defined parameters is extremely valuable in clinical management.
Bartram
Clive
C
Imperial College Faculty of Medicine and Department of Intestinal Imaging, St. Mark's Hospital, Northwick Park Harrow HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom. c.bartram@ic.ac.uk
D001466:Barium Sulfate; D003248:Constipation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007443:Intussusception / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011859:Radiography; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020047:Rectocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate