title: Emergency image transfer system through a mobile telephone in Japan: technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the first application and usefulness of image transfer through a mobile telephone, which can be used between the hospital and another location.
  
  
  METHODS
  With this system, brain computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance images, and angiograms obtained from more than 100 patients in the emergency department were transferred and diagnostically analyzed via a mobile phone. The mobile phone had a 110,000-pixel digital camera and a built-in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display. We reviewed the distribution of pathological characteristics on the transferred images and compared them with the diagnoses made using full-scale original film.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This system of transferring images was useful in all cases for correct early diagnosis and early treatment. The quality of magnetic resonance images received was better than that of computed tomographic scans. Hemorrhage provided better contrast than infarction for allowing easy identification. Cerebral angiography revealed small aneurysms if the target area was focused properly. Image quality was sufficient for interpretation despite the small dimensions of the monitor. Ease of operation and portability were both satisfactory. The mean time from commencement of image uptake to complete reception was 2 to 3 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mobile phone system is adequately useful for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment in emergent cases. This is attributable to its low cost and ease of handling for sending images to remote areas and between hospitals, despite the small dimensions of the monitor. Better-quality image transfer will be realized through an advanced mobile phone system based on the new International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 standards, which also will be useful in the development of telemedicine and telecare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan. mickey@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mikito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watarai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andou
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D040421:Cell Phone; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007564:Japan; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*