title: Inhibition of peritoneal metastasis in an animal gastric cancer model by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anti-tumor activity of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been shown in human gastric cancer cell lines, however, their therapeutic effects on peritoneal metastasis have not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-tumor activity of IFN-gamma and IL-2 against the gastric cancer cell line, MKN45, was evaluated by in vitro antiproliferation assays and in animal-tumor models of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival of the animals with i.p. tumor was longest in those given IFN-gamma, followed by those given IL-2, IL-2 + IFN-gamma and saline (control) with median survival of 88 +/- 27 days, 73 +/- 30 days, 53 +/- 20 days and 32 +/- 1.1 days, respectively (p < 0.001 vs control). In animals with s.c. tumor, IFN-gamma significantly inhibited tumor growth as compared with the control. In vitro, IFN-gamma alone inhibited the growth of MKN45 and induced apoptosis, while IL-2 had no additional effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-gamma inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in a peritoneal tumor model. The therapeutic effects were partially antagonized by IL-2.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuburaya
authors.forename: Syunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanoma
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma