title: Pharmacotherapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
abstract: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are two of the most common and unpleasant side effects following anaesthesia and surgery. Despite the development of new anti-emetics and a vast amount of published research, PONV continues to be a problem, especially in high-risk patients. Recent interest has focused on the use of a combination of agents, acting on different receptors and the adoption of a multimodal approach to tackle this problem. The search for the most cost-effective strategy has also been a major goal. This article will discuss the risk factors and physiology of PONV, currently available therapies, the use of a multimodal approach and the cost-effectiveness of PONV management. Finally, recommendations for the prophylaxis and treatment of PONV will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Tong J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists