title: Daunorubicin-induced variations in gene transcription: commitment to proliferation arrest, senescence and apoptosis.
abstract: We used a human cDNA macroarray containing various oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes to assess gene expression profiles in early-passage Jurkat T lymphocytes treated with clinically relevant concentrations of the antitumour antibiotic daunorubicin. Several oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes were either up- or down-regulated depending on the daunorubicin concentration used. The expression levels of some of these genes were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. We also compared the changes in cell-cycle distribution and the apoptotic morphological characteristics of the cells treated with daunorubicin, using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Exposure to 182 nM daunorubicin (its IC(75) in Jurkat T cells: where IC(75) is the drug concentration that inhibits growth by 75%) resulted in cell-cycle arrest in G(1) and almost immediate apoptosis. In contrast, decreasing the drug concentration to 91 nM (close to the IC(50)) caused G(2) arrest and cell senescence-like growth arrest, whereas features of apoptosis and necrosis appeared only after longer incubation times. Gene expression profiles, cell-cycle distribution, the presence of DNA damage and the time-dependent response of Jurkat T cells to cell death were correlated clearly. The general behaviour of the genes suggests that cell-cycle arrest and cell death follow distinct pathways depending on drug concentration.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Jordi Girona, Spain. jpmbmc@cid.csic.es
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansilla
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piña
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Portugal
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D003630:Daunorubicin