title: Periapical endodontic surgery: a 3-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor the outcome of periradicular surgery in a group of teeth treated with microsurgical technology and ultrasonic root-end preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-eight teeth with failed conventional root canal treatment were included. The surgical procedure was completed using ultrasonic retrotips and a zinc oxide-EBA (Super Seal, Ogna Pharmaceuticals. Milan, Italy)-reinforced material was used to seal the root end cavities. Lesions were examined radiologically at 1. 3. 6. 12, 24 and 36-month intervals. Radiographs were independently analysed according to a previously published classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight teeth were extracted due to fracture or perforations undetected radiologically: these cases were excluded from the study. Of the 120 teeth examined. the overall success rate was 92.5%; 94 healed with complete bone filling of the surgical cavity, 17 were considered to have healed by apical scar formation, four demonstrated uncertain healing and five were considered failures. Eighty of 120 teeth examined had successfully healed from a radiological point of view within 12 months. No differences in outcome occurred between anterior, premolar and molar teeth. Although all failures occurred in teeth with posts, no statistically significant difference was noted (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modern surgical endodontic procedures associated and ERA (Super Seal, Ogna Pharmaceuticals, Milan, Italy) root end fillings were successful over 3 years in 92.5% of cases.
authors.affiliation: Restorative & Endodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maddalone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gagliani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003762:Dental Instruments; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014465:Ultrasonics; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C474198:SuperSeal; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D019815:Oxalic Acid