title: Inflammatory demyelinating disease mimicking malignant glioma.
abstract: The differential diagnosis between inflammatory demyelinating disease and malignant glioma is difficult based only on neuroimaging methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with inflammatory demyelinating disease who presented with clinical and neuroimaging findings strongly suggestive of malignant glioma were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI showed a mass lesion with prolonged T1 and T2 values and gadolinium enhancement in all cases. Proton MR spectroscopy and (201)Tl SPECT showed findings supportive of the diagnosis of malignant glioma in all cases. However, surgical biopsy revealed inflammatory demyelinating disease. After the diagnosis, 2 patients were treated by steroid administration and 2 were just observed. The gadolinium enhancement of all lesions decreased and finally disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such cases illustrate the importance of considering a demyelinating lesion in the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion. The difficulties encountered in establishing the correct diagnosis of inflammatory disease are related to the variations in the radiologic appearance, which require exclusion of gliomas or other brain tumors by surgical biopsy before the therapeutic strategy can be selected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574 Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumabe
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jokura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Yusei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shu-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: Reizo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shirane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020278:Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011522:Protons; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013793:Thallium; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C027549:thallium chloride; D013793:Thallium