title: Z-2 aldose reductase allele and diabetic retinopathy in India.
abstract: Genetic factors have been identified that regulate the severity and the rapidity of onset of retinopathy in diabetic patients. Polymorphisms in (CA)( n) present upstream of the promoter of the aldose reductase (ALR2 ) gene have been shown to be associated with retinopathy in different ethnic populations. We aimed to study the association between the (CA)( n) polymorphism and type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy in the Asian Indian population. We screened 105 diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR) and 109 diabetic patients without retinopathy (DNR) for the (CA)( n) polymorphism and compared the results with those of an unrelated healthy control group (CT). We identified 13 alleles in our diabetic population. The Z-2 allele (136 bp) showed an association with the DR group (13.81%) with a significant p value (p = 0.029) when compared with the DNR group (7.34%). The Z-2 allele also showed a significant association with those DR patients who had proliferative retinopathy (PDR) and maculopathy (MAC) (p = 0.004). The Z-2 allele is, therefore, a high-risk allele for diabetic retinopathy in the Asian Indian patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Medical & Vision Research Foundations, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. drgkm@sankaranethralaya.org
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kumaramanickavel
authors.forename: Sarangapani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sripriya
authors.forename: Vedam Lakshmi
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Ramprasad
authors.forename: Neelam Kumari
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Upadyay
authors.forename: Pradeep George
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004247:DNA; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase