title: Factors influencing outcome and treatment effect in PROACT II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The PROACT II study demonstrated a significant benefit from treatment with intra-arterial pro-urokinase (r-proUK) in patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion treated within 6 hours of stroke onset. The purpose of the current study was to examine baseline factors to determine predictors of good outcome and response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected from the baseline clinical, radiologic, and angiographic data variables that considered possibly related to outcome. A univariate analysis was performed to examine the association between these baseline factors and good outcome, defined as a modified Rankin scale score <or=2. A multivariate model then selected the most important variables independently influencing prognosis. A risk score for each patient was constructed on the basis of the patient's individual values for each independent variable. Patients were stratified into risk quartiles based on their risk scores, and an odds ratio for each risk quartile was calculated. The treatment effects of each quartile were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate analysis, screening National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and age were strongly associated with good outcome. The multivariate model selected age, NIHSS score, and CT hypodensity as the most important prognostic variables. Dividing patients into quartiles based on risk scores achieved a uniform gradient of probability of good outcomes. A trend toward benefit of r-proUK treatment was seen in all risk quartiles, and no differential treatment effect was observed across risk groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no evidence of differential effect of r-proUK across subgroups of patients stratified by risk.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA. lwechsler@stroke.upmc.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wechsler
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Randall T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: L Creed
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
authors.forename: Alfred S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Askiel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Wade S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Firszt
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012306:Risk; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011355:Prodrugs; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C067551:saruplase