title: Acute toxicity evaluation of copper, arsenic and HCH to paddy field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromus (Herb.).
abstract: Routine static tests were conducted for determining the median lethal tolerance limit of paddy field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromus exposed to Copper, Arsenic and HCH at different time intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour. The LC50 values for Copper came to be 28.00, 22.00, 18.20 and 15.70 ppm; Arsenic 136.00, 128.00, 121.500 and 114.00 ppm and HCH 10.00, 8.80, 7.00 and 6.00 ppm, respectively. The safe concentration, application factor and safe application rate were also calculated. They were for, Copper: 5.56, 1.59 and 3.26 ppm, Arsenic: 38.53, 11.40 and 76.00 and HCH : 4.07, 0.06 and 1.28 ppm. Animals exposed to different concentrations of test chemicals (Copper, Arsenic and HCH) showed prominent behavioural/morphological alterations viz., coughing, redness on the ventral side, paralysis and disorientation in scaphognathite activity. Animals exposed to high concentrations showed an avoidance behaviour by keeping away from the direct contact with the toxic solution either by climbing on the wall of aquarium or by mounting over the weak individual and forming a type of pyramid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvanathapuram-695 581, India.
authors.forename: Y Shibu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Vardhanan
authors.forename: Tresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D033364:Decapoda; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009068:Movement; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014873:Water Pollutants; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003300:Copper; D001151:Arsenic