title: Utility of TICS-M for the assessment of cognitive function in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Routine screening of high-risk elderly people for early cognitive impairment is constrained by the limitations of currently available cognitive function tests. The Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status is a novel instrument for assessment of cognitive function that can be administered in person or by telephone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the determinants and utility of TICS-M (13-item modified version) for assessment of cognitive function in healthy elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The utility of TICS-M was compared with more widely used MMSE and CAMCOG in a cross-sectional survey of 120 older (62 to 89 years) UK adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TICS-M cognitive test scores (27.97, SD 4.15) were normally distributed in contrast with those for MMSE and CAMCOG that had a negatively skewed distribution. TICS-M scores were inversely correlated with age (r = -0.21) and with the NART fullscale IQ (r = -0.35), but were independent of years of education in this cohort. TICS-M was highly correlated with MMSE (r = 0.57) and with CAMCOG (r = 0.62) scores. The time required to complete the test is comparable to MMSE and substantially less than CAMCOG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normal distribution of TICS-M test scores suggest that this test is less constrained by the ceiling effect which limits the utility of MMSE and CAMCOG test scores in detecting early cognitive impairment. TICS-M is an appropriate instrument to assess cognitive function in both research and in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing and University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK. celest.de-jager@pharm.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Celeste A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Jager
authors.forename: Marc M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Budge
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013689:Telephone