title: Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following an ethanol and diphenhydramine overdose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis complicated by oliguric, acute renal failure following an intentional overdose of ethanol and diphenhydramine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 21-year-old white man was admitted through the emergency department following an intentional overdose of ethanol and diphenhydramine. The patient subsequently developed acute renal failure, and a diagnosis of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis was made. With the absence of other common causes in this case, the rhabdomyolysis was believed to be due to the combined ethanol and diphenhydramine overdose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhabdomyolysis is a severe and life-threatening syndrome caused by various insults to skeletal muscle, including drug-induced injury. Early detection and institution of effective treatments are essential to minimizing the complications of this syndrome. A delay in establishing the diagnosis in this case likely contributed to the severity of the renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon adverse outcome of drug and toxin ingestion. Due to the potential severity of the complications of this syndrome and the importance of early recognition and treatment to prevent renal failure, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for rhabdomyolysis following overdoses that involve alcohol or antihistamines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. haas@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Curtis E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Magram
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000506:poisoning*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D003404:Creatinine