title: MMPI-2 L + K and L + K - F indexes of underreporting: normative and desirable responding.
abstract: Norms based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) normative sample are provided for the L + K and L + K - F indexes of underreporting and defensiveness. Index scores produced by consistently desirable responding, which was guided by desirability ratings of the MMPI-2 items, also are provided and compared with scores produced by underreporting in other studies. The indexes correlate highly with other measures of underreporting in both normative and clinical samples. The L and K scales assess different types of underreporting and should be interpreted separately as well as in combination. The L scale can be elevated by undesirable responding or random responding in addition to desirable responding.
authors.affiliation: alb@ccil.org
authors.forename: Alfred L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brophy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results