title: Glucose and lipid metabolism in small for gestational age infants at 48 hours of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the consequences of low birth weight on glucose and lipid metabolism 48 hours after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 136 small for gestational age (SGA) and 34 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term neonates who were born in Santiago, Chile. Prefeeding venous blood was obtained 48 hours after birth for determination of glucose, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxy butyrate, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and cortisol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SGA newborns had lower glucose (SGA versus AGA, median [interquartile range]: 3.6 mmol/L [2.9-4.1 mmol/L] vs 3.9 mmol/L [3.6-4.6 mmol/L]) and insulin levels (31.3 pmol/L [20.8-47.9 pmol/L] vs 62.5 pmol/L [53.5-154.9]) than AGA infants, and they had higher glucose/insulin ratios (13.9 mg/dL/uIU/mL [8.6-19.1 mg/dL/uIU/mL] vs 8.2 mg/dL/uIU/mL [4.6-14.1 mg/dL/uIU/mL]). SGA infants also had higher levels of IGFBP-1 (5.1 nmol/L [4.4-6.7 nmol/L] vs 2.9 nmol/l [1.4-4.2 nmol/L]), free fatty acids (0.72 mEq/L [0.43-1.00 mEq/L] vs 0.33 mEq/L [0.26-0.54 mEq/L]) and beta-hydroxy butyrate (0.41 mEq/L [0.15-0.91 mEq/L] vs 0.09 mEq/L [0.05-0.13 mEq/L]). Sex-hormone binding globulin levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early postnatal life, SGA infants display an increased insulin sensitivity with respect to glucose disposal but not with respect to suppression of lipolysis, ketogenesis, and hepatic production of IGFBP-1. It will be important to determine how these differential sensitivities to insulin vary with increasing age.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bazaes
authors.forename: Teresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pittaluga
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alegría
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iñiguez
authors.forename: Ken K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunger
authors.forename: M Verónica
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Mericq
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D005947:Glucose; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone