title: Reconstruction of the entire ossicular conduction mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stapes fixation combined with fixation, absence, or malformation of the malleus-incus complex requires an uncommon surgical reconstruction and offers a unique combination of challenges and hazards. This situation may occur in the presence of severe tympanosclerosis, otosclerosis, congenital ossicular malformations, and revision surgery for either stapedectomy or chronic ear disease. In previous reports, this procedure has been grouped with total ossicular reconstruction without much distinction. However, the challenges unique to this problem deserve special consideration. The present report offers a treatment plan for a group of patients requiring reconstruction of the entire ossicular conduction mechanism including removal of the stapes footplate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand three hundred fifty (3350) charts of patients requiring total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) were reviewed. Of this group of patients, only 21 of 3350 patients from 1977 to 1999 required TORP placement and removal of the stapes footplate. The patients were followed for an average period of 50 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing results indicated an overall improvement in the air-bone gap of 10 dB, with 52% achieving an air-bone gap of less than 20 dB. Of the 21 cases, 5 revision surgeries were performed. Three were performed because of a displaced TORP (14.2%). and 2 were performed because of extruded TORPs (9.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the entire ossicular conduction mechanism including removal of the stapes footplate can be successfully achieved with improvement of the air-bone gap of less than 20 dB. Hearing results and extrusion rates are comparable to reported results of TORP placement on a mobile footplate. Successful stapedectomy and simultaneous ossicular chain reconstruction can be performed as a single or staged procedure. Special attention is paid to avoid intrusion of the prosthesis into the vestibule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head Neck Surgery, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, 3033 Bunker Hill Street, San Diego, CA 92109, USA. alex.s.battaglia@kp.org
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McGrew
authors.forename: C Gary
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013201:Stapes Surgery