title: Influence of lipophilic counter-ions in combination with phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol on the skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid.
abstract: In this study, the effect of lipophilic counter-ions on the permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with skin impregnation by phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol was evaluated. Standard in vitro permeation experiments with porcine skin were performed analysing the ALA content by HPLC and fluorescent detection after ALA derivatisation. The shake flask method in combination with a trinitrobenzensulfonic acid test for ALA analysis was performed to calculate the apparent partition coefficient (logP(Oct)). The permeation of ALA was enhanced by cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride at pH 7.0 and by sodium-1-octanesulfonic acid, sodium-1-heptanesulfonic acid and sodium-1-pentanesulfonic acid monohydrate at pH 4.0. Corresponding effects of these additives were observed on the partitioning of ALA. Pre-impregnation of porcine skin with phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol increased the ALA diffusion about 1.7-fold at pH 7.0. Moreover, this transport enhancement by 6-ketocholestanol was 3.5-fold higher when a combination of ALA and cetylpyridinium chloride was used as donor.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Auner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hadgraft
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004058:Diffusion; D005470:Fluorometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007653:Ketocholesterols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes; D010539:Permeability; D010693:Phloretin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000838:Anions; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D007653:Ketocholesterols; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C063833:6-ketocholestanol; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D010693:Phloretin