title: Supramolecular organization in streptococcal pericellular capsules is based on hyaluronan tertiary structures.
abstract: Supramolecular organization involving a polyanionic glycan in a bacterial capsule (hyaluronan, HA, in streptococcal capsules) is revealed, for the first time, by electron-histochemical methodology previously used to elucidate ultrastructure in extracellular matrix. Capsular HA filaments thereby revealed closely resemble aligned linear structures demonstrated by similar technology in HA solution. These parallel arrays, spontaneously formed, are based on HA tertiary structures (beta sheet-like) which are stabilized by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. HA tertiary structures in aqueous solutions resist shear stress as shown by rheo-NMR. Thus, supramolecular HA wrapping covering many cells probably stabilizes chains of bacteria. Streptococci possibly templated the ordered structures since eukaryotic B6 cell HA did not produce similarly organized envelopes. Supramolecular organization in streptococcal and pneumococcal capsules are compared. Their glycans are very similar but the potential for HA-like tertiary structures is not present in the pneumococcal type 3 polysaccharide and chains of cells are not formed to the same extent by pneumococci. We suggest that the streptococcal capsule exemplifies a simple extracellular matrix analogous to those in animal connective tissues, which contain glycans (chondroitin, keratan, and dermochondan sulfates) of the HA family, capable of undergoing aggregation to similar tertiary structures.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Morphology, Manchester University Medical School, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom. jescott@fsl.scg.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Thomlinson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prehm
mesh_terms: D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011134:Polysaccharides; C015445:copper phthalocyanine; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase