title: Insertion/deletion plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and insertion/deletion angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: In an association study, the relationship between the insertion/deletion (I/D) plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphism or the I/D angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated. One hundred and twenty-four subjects with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were compared to 80 diabetic subjects without retinopathy with diabetes of a duration of more than 10 years. The PAI-1 gene distribution and ACE gene distribution in patients with diabetic retinopathy (4G4G 31.4%, 4G5G 46.8%, 5G5G 21.8%; DD 26.6%, ID 50.8%, II 22.6%) were not significantly different from those of diabetic subjects without retinopathy (4G4G 31.3%, 4G5G 50%, 5G5G 18.7%; DD 31.3%, ID 40%, II 28.7%). Neither the 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphism nor the I/D ACE gene polymorphism contributed to the genetic susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy, either non-proliferative, proliferative or severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy, i.e. visual acuity of 0.1 or less in the better eye, in a group of Caucasian subjects with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Globocnik-Petrovic
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawlina
authors.forename: Borut
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peterlin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrovic
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012306:Risk; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D005998:Glycine