title: Acute coronary syndromes in patients with pre-existing moderate to severe valvular disease of the heart: lessons from the Euro-Heart Survey of acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of pre-existing valvular disease (VD) among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to compare the clinical characteristics, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of ACS patients with and without pre-existing VD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Euro Heart Survey ACS prospectively enrolled 10,484 ACS patients in 103 hospitals in 25 countries across Europe and the Mediterranean basin. Of the 10,207 patients with data on VD status, 489 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of pre-existing VD: 3.7% of 4339 ST-segment-elevation-ACS patients, 5.2% of 5210 non-ST-segment-elevation-ACS patients, and 10.8% of 658 undetermined-electrocardiogram-ACS patients. Moderate/severe mitral regurgitation had been diagnosed in 54.0% (48.7% without and 5.3% with concomitant mitral stenosis), and moderate/severe aortic stenosis occurred in 31.7% (26.4% without and 5.3% with concomitant aortic regurgitation). Patients with pre-existing VD had worse baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, were more likely to present with heart failure and less likely to have typical angina, and had a more complicated in-hospital course (heart failure, atrial arrhythmias, and renal failure). They were more likely to receive inotropic agents, diuretics, amiodarone, and warfarin, and less likely to receive antiplatelet agents and beta-adrenergic blockers. As compared to patients without VD, the adjusted risk (95% confidence interval) of in-hospital death for VD patients was 1.55 (0.85, 2.80), 1.92 (1.03, 3.59), and 1.77 (0.75, 4.17) for ST-segment-elevation-ACS, non-ST-segment-elevation-ACS, and undetermined-electrocardiogram-ACS, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ACS and pre-existing VD constitute about 5% of all ACS patients; they have high-risk features and poor prognosis. There is a need to better define their optimal treatment, in order to improve their prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasdai
authors.forename: Eli I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Lev
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boyko
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahanian
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battler
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome