title: Gene expression screening using a cDNA macroarray to clarify the mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic cancer is associated with the poorest prognosis of any digestive cancer due to the high incidence of peritoneal dissemination, which is the cause of death in most cases. To determine the mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination in pancreatic cancer, we established a mouse model of high peritoneal dissemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel highly peritoneal-disseminating cell line was established from the human pancreatic cancer cell line; CAPAN-1. The new cell line, CAPAN-1P4a, was established from CAPAN-1 by repeated in vivo selection (four times) of the tumor cell line. To clarify the candidate genes implicated in peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic cancer, global gene expression screening was done using a cDNA macroarray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAPAN-1P4a cells showed 100% metastasis 3 weeks after injection and high reproducibility in the inoculated mice. Twenty-seven genes were upregulated and 14 genes were downregulated in CAPAN-1P4a cells compared with CAPAN-1 cells. The genes differentially expressed in the two cell lines were included as tumor suppressor/apoptosis genes, regulatory transcription factor, membrane receptors, cell adhesion protein, membrane receptors, and so on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our established CAPAN-1P4a model offers a new means of conducting global gene expression analysis of pancreatic cancer cells with peritoneal dissemination and it has the potential to provide new insights into the mechanism of peritoneal dissemination in human pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasoshima
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiguchi
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Denno
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary