title: Muscle electrolyte measurements during and after hypokinesia in determining muscle electrolyte depletion during hypokinesia in the rat.
abstract: Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces muscle mineral depletion. However, the mechanism of muscle mineral depletion during hypokinesia (HK) remains unknown. Measuring electrolyte retention and electrolyte values in muscle, plasma, and urine during and after HK, the aim of this study was to discover if HK could depress mineral retention and lead to muscle mineral depletion. Studies were done on 204 13-wk-old male Wistar rats (370-390 g) during 10 d pre-HK period, 98 d HK period, and 15 d post-HK period. Rats were equally divided into two groups: vivarium control rats (VCR) and hypokinetic rats (HKR). All hypokinetic rats were kept for 98 d in small individual cages, which restricted their movements in all directions without hindering food and water intakes. All control rats were housed for 98 d in individual cages under vivarium control conditions. Both groups of rats were pair-fed. During the HK period skeletal muscle sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and water content and electrolyte retention decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while urinary and plasma electrolyte levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in HKR compared with their pre-HK values and their respective VCR. During the initial days of the post-HK period, mineral retention increased significantly (p < 0.05), plasma and urinary electrolyte level decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while muscle electrolyte and water content remained significantly (p < 0.05) depressed in HKR compared with VCR. Muscle mineral and water content, electrolyte retention, plasma, and urinary electrolyte values did not change in VCR compared with their pre-HK values. It was concluded that during HK decreased muscle mineral content may suggest muscle mineral depletion, while increased urinary electrolyte loss and muscle mineral depletion may demonstrate reduced mineral retention. Reduced electrolyte excretion and depressed muscle mineral content during post-HK may indicate skeletal muscle mineral depletion during HK. Dissociation between electrolyte retention and muscle mineral depletion may demonstrate the presence of decreased electrolyte retention as the mechanism of muscle electrolyte depletion during prolonged HK.
authors.affiliation: Higher Institute of Biochemistry, Gomel, Belarus.
authors.forename: Yan G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zorbas
authors.forename: Vassily J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Kakurin
authors.forename: Sergei D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Denogradov
authors.forename: Sergey H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Luzhkov
authors.forename: Alexei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Neofitov
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D008670:Metals