title: Endoscopically assisted harvesting of the superficial temporal artery: technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed an endoscopic method for harvesting the superficial temporal artery (STA) through a small incision away from the artery. This method was used to harvest the frontal branch of the STA through an incision made along the parietal branch.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 7-cm linear incision is made along the parietal branch of the STA. After the parietal branch has been exposed, the frontal branch is accessed through the incision with the use of an optical retractor and a 4-mm endoscope. The frontal branch is harvested subcutaneously, under endoscopic observation. Both branches of the STA are anastomosed to the middle cerebral artery via a small craniotomy made through the incision. This method was used for six patients who presented with ischemic symptoms attributable to hypoperfusion in the middle cerebral artery area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frontal branch of the STA, measuring 6 to 8 cm, was harvested subcutaneously. The procedure required 30 to 60 minutes. The patency of the artery was verified with postoperative angiography. Hair loss or scalp necrosis was not noted for any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience demonstrates that the STA can be harvested through a small incision distant from the artery. Postoperative scalp necrosis and hair loss can be avoided. This less-invasive method expands the use of the STA in revascularization surgery beyond the limitations imposed by its anatomic course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Neurological Institute, Takara-machi, Toyonaka, Japan. sig-kubo@momo.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
mesh_terms: D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*