title: Impaired drainage on diuretic renography using half-time or pelvic excretion efficiency is not a sign of obstruction in children with a prenatal diagnosis of unilateral renal pelvic dilatation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed drainage on diuretic renography is an accepted sign of obstruction in adults and symptomatic children. We investigated how to analyze the diuretic challenge as well as assess the significance of impaired drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 24 children with a unilateral prenatal diagnosis of pelvic dilatation up to a minimum of 2 years. A total of 91 diuretic renograms were performed. All children had stable differential renal function and renal pelvic diameter did not change by greater than 9 mm. on sequential ultrasound. Kidneys with stable differential function and no increase in dilatation were considered not obstructed. Analysis of the diuretic challenge included half-time, a post-void image with a change in posture, that is the child erect for 5 to 7 minutes, and drainage considering renal function using the pelvic excretion efficiency. Prolonged drainage was defined as a half-time of greater than 20 minutes or a post-void pelvic excretion efficiency of less than 71%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age at presentation was 0.32 years and median followup was 3.07 years. The affected nonobstructed hydronephrotic kidney showed impaired drainage in 68% of the children using the half-time parameter, and in 80% and 44% using pelvic excretion efficiency before and after voiding, respectively. Variability in drainage was documented on sequential diuretic renography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the guidelines for data acquisition and processing of diuretic renograms we nevertheless noted impaired drainage in 44% of this young group with nonobstructed kidneys. The half-time parameter was an inappropriate parameter. The diagnosis of obstruction cannot be simply based on delayed drainage in this group of asymptomatic children with a prenatal diagnosis of unilateral renal pelvic dilatation.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amarante
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004232:Diuretics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011866:Radioisotope Renography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics