title: Necrosis of the eyelids and sclera after retrobulbar anesthesia.
abstract: A 52-year-old man had loss of vision and black discoloration of the lids of the right eye after a retrobulbar injection of 3 mL lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (Xylocaine). Examination of the right eye revealed no light perception with extensive necrosis of the lids. Anterior segment examination revealed conjunctival pallor, corneal edema, and necrosis of the sclera. This is a previously unreported complication of retrobulbar anesthesia comprising ophthalmic artery occlusion with scleral melt, ocular ischemia, and eyelid necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Cornea Clinic, Grewal Eye Institute, Chandigarh, India. asharmapgius@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Supratik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: Anand S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vinekar
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: Mangat R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: Amod
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit; D012590:Sclera / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D015422:Scleral Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine