title: A controlled treatment study of somatoform disorders including analysis of healthcare utilization and cost-effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) on mental health status and healthcare utilization in patients with somatoform disorders (SFD) of a specialized tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to DSM-IV interviews, 54 patients had somatization disorder (SD), 51 abridged somatization syndrome (SSI-8) and 67 other defined SFD. A clinical non-SFD comparison group consisted of 123 patients. Treatment effects were controlled against the waiting list. Cost calculations for the 2-year periods before and after treatment were based on medical and billing records from health insurance companies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SFD patients improved significantly with respect to physical symptom distress, health anxieties, dysfunctional beliefs towards body and health, depression and psychosocial functioning. Their outpatient plus inpatient charges during the 2 years prior to treatment were about 2.2-fold higher than for average patients of the health system. At the 2-year follow-up, we found treatment-related cost offset of 382 (-24.5%) for outpatient and 1098 (-36.7%) for inpatient care. Indirect socioeconomic costs due to days lost from work decreased by 6702 (-35.3%). Per patient savings of 32,174 (-63.9%) were found in a subgroup of somatizing high-utilizers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results encourage including treatment strategies to reduce somatoform illness behavior into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, Germany. hiller@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: Manfred M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rief
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires