title: Enhanced radiation and chemotherapy-mediated cell killing of human cancer cells by small inhibitory RNA silencing of DNA repair factors.
abstract: Recent developments in the use of small inhibitory RNA molecules (siRNAs) to inhibit specific protein expression have highlighted the potential use of siRNA as a therapeutic agent. The double-strand break signaling/repair proteins ATM, ATR, and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(cs)) are attractive targets to confer enhanced radio and chemosensitivity to tumor cells. We have designed and exogenously delivered plasmids encoding siRNAs targeting these critical kinases to human cancer cells to assess the feasibility of this concept as a clinically translatable experimental therapeutic. siRNA led to a approximately 90% reduction in target protein expression. siRNAs targeting ATM and DNA-PK(cs) gave rise to a dose-reduction factor of approximately 1.4 compared with untransfected and control vector-transfected cells at the clinically relevant radiation doses. This was greater than the radiosensitivity achieved using the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor Wortmannin or DNA-PK(cs) competitive inhibitor LY294002. A similar increased sensitivity to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) was also observed for siRNA-mediated ATR silencing. Together, these data provide strong evidence for the potential use of siRNA as a novel radiation/chemotherapy-sensitizing agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Spencer J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Collis
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Theodore L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: DeWeese
mesh_terms: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases