Invasive and noninvasive neonatal mechanical ventilation.
Neonatal respiratory failure consists of several different disease entities, with different pathophysiologies. During the past 30 years technological advances have drastically altered both the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to newborns requiring mechanical assistance. Treatments have become both patient- and disease-specific. The clinician has numerous choices among the noninvasive and invasive ventilatory treatments that are currently in use. This article reviews the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in the newborn and the available methods to treat it, including continuous positive airway pressure, conventional and high-frequency mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and styles of ventilation and monitoring.
Donn
Steven M
SM
Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Holden Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, USA. smdonnmd@med.umich.edu
Sinha
Sunil K
SK
D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D015300:Ventilator Weaning; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical