title: Hearing deficits in young adults who had a history of otitis media in childhood: use of personal stereos had no effect on hearing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis proposed in a recent French study that a history of recurrent otitis media (OM) in childhood increases susceptibility to hearing loss from frequent exposure to a personal stereo (PS) during development to early adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subcohort of 358 young adults selected from a historic cohort study, all 18 years old and with a well-documented OM history (secretory and acute), provided data on the sound level and length of exposure to PSs. Four contrasting groups were formed: those with the highest or lowest PS exposure combined with a positive or negative history of OM (n = 238). The main outcome measure was hearing thresholds from pure-tone audiometry (0.5-8 kHz).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young adults with a history of recurrent OM in childhood did not show greater susceptibility to hearing loss from PS use than their peers without a history of OM. However, a history of recurrent OM was associated with significant mean air-conduction hearing loss of 4 dB and a mean bone-conduction hearing loss of 2 dB compared with the participants without a history of OM (Fig 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent OM in childhood may have an irreversible effect on the middle ear and the cochlea and may lead to hearing deficits in later life. No interaction with PS exposure is seen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. b.debeer@kno.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Brechtje A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: de Beer
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graamans
authors.forename: Ad F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Snik
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ingels
authors.forename: Gerhard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zielhuis
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006316:Hearing Loss, High-Frequency / Q000453:epidemiology; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires