title: Hydrophobic derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucitol-6-phosphate: a new type of D-glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors with antifungal action.
abstract: Several N-acyl and ester derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucitol-6-phosphate (ADGP) have been synthesised and tested as inhibitors of fungal enzymes involved in early steps of chitin biosynthesis and for antifungal activity. All the tested derivatives were found to be much poorer inhibitors of the enzyme, D-glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase, than the parent compound but some of them exhibited much better antifungal activity. MIC values for the investigated compounds ranged between 10 mg mL(-1), found for ADGP and 0.3 mg mL(-1) for the most active derivative, namely ADGP dimethyl ester. Increased affinity of ADGP derivatives to the artificial immobilised cell membrane was correlated with their enhanced ability to be taken up by fungal cells by free diffusion. It was found that some of the examined derivatives behaved as 'pro-drugs' and after internalisation were converted into ADGP in the cell-free extract. This conversion was relatively rapid for ADGP esters but very slow for N-acyl derivatives. Results of our studies demonstrate a possibility of design and preparation of GlcN-6-P synthase inhibitors exhibiting antifungal activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, 11/12Narutowicza St., 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Janiak
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Milewska
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milewski
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C099009:2-deoxy-2-aminoglucitol-6-phosphate; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D013012:Sorbitol; D005945:Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)