title: Levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 in astrocytic tumors and its relation to malignancy, vascularity, and VEGF-A.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A isa key mediator of angiogenesis in malignant gliomas. Soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1) can complex VEGF-A and reduce its bioavailability. In several animal models sVEGFR-1 inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. We analyzed the levels of endogenous sVEGFR-1 in gliomas of different malignancy grades in relation to tumor vascularity and VEGF-A.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentration of sVEGFR-1 was determined by ELISA in 104 gliomas and normal brain. Levels of sVEGFR-1 were compared with malignancy grade, microvessel density, and VEGF-A concentration. Effects of sVEGFR-1 on glioma extract-induced endothelial cell chemotaxis were analyzed in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of sVEGFR-1 correlated with the malignancy grade and was 12-fold higher in glioblastomas than in diffuse astrocytomas (P < 0.001), with intermediate levels for anaplastic astrocytomas. VEGF-A levels were 30-fold higher (P < 0.001) in glioblastomas than in diffuse astrocytomas. The sVEGFR-1:VEGF-A ratio was 0.27 in glioblastomas and 0.70 in diffuse astrocytomas. Both sVEGFR-1 and VEGF-A correlated with microvessel density (P < 0.001) and with each other (P < 0.001); sVEGFR-1 and VEGF-A also correlated with each other when only glioblastomas were analyzed (P = 0.001). In vitro, recombinant sVEGFR-1 inhibited endothelial cell chemotaxis induced by tumor extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although absolute levels of sVEGFR-1 are increased in the more malignant gliomas, the sVEGFR-1:VEGF-A ratio is decreased 2.6-fold in glioblastomas compared with diffuse astrocytomas, suggesting that the ensuing increased bioavailability of VEGF-A favors angiogenesis. The inhibition of tumor extract-induced endothelial chemotaxis by sVEGFR-1 suggests that sVEGFR-1 could be useful as an angiogenesis inhibitor in the specific context of human gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. lamszus@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lamszus
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matschke
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fillbrandt
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westphal
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1