title: Multiple toxicity from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy").
abstract: There have been no published case series illustrating "ecstasy" (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) toxicity in a group of patients who have ingested ecstasy in the same environment. We report a series of 7 patients who ingested ecstasy in a nightclub and presented with varying degrees of MDMA toxicity. Three patients presented with features of severe MDMA toxicity. One died within an hour of hospital admission, another died 4 days later, after developing fulminant hepatic failure, and the third recovered after 12 days in intensive care. MDMA was identified in the serum of all 7 patients. High serum MDMA concentrations correlated with severe clinical and biochemical features including coma, hyperpyrexia, cardiovascular compromise, acidosis, and hyperkalaemia. "Poisoned ecstasy" was widely reported by the media as being responsible for the adverse effects observed. This report highlights a relationship between serum concentrations and toxic effects of MDMA, and the ongoing need to educate the public about the dangers of this substance.
authors.affiliation: National Poisons Information Service, Emergency Department, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Trust, and the Emergency Department, Kings College Hospital, London, UK. shaun.greene@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Shaun L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Paul I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Dargan
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'connor
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine