title: Safety evaluation of an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from the archaeal order Thermococcales as expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I.
abstract: BD5088 alpha-amylase derived from archaeal sources has characteristics of pH and temperature tolerance that are well suited to hydrolysis of starch in food processing applications. The production microorganism recipient strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I, strain MB101, was avirulent after oral administration to mice and does not represent an infectious threat to humans. Repeated dose gavage studies with BD5088 enzyme preparation, up to 13 weeks in duration, showed no systemic toxicity due to the oral route with an NOAEL of 890 mg/kg/day as Total Organic Solids. Some irritation occurred in the respiratory tract, which was considered to be a consequence of reflux and aspiration of test material that contained lipopolysaccharide from the Pseudomonas production strain. A 2-week dietary study (0 and 310 mg/kg/day) confirmed that there were no respiratory tract effects related to oral ingestion. There was no genotoxic activity based on Ames, mouse lymphoma, mouse micronucleus, and rat lymphocyte chromosomal aberration tests. There was no evidence of allergenic potential based on a comparison of the primary sequence of BD5088 with sequences in an allergen database. The enzyme was labile to pepsin digestion. Based on these data, BD5088 alpha-amylase preparation may be considered safe for use in food production such as corn wet milling.
authors.affiliation: The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Nile
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frawley
authors.forename: Holly H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Stelman
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolt
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hanselman
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D019709:Thermococcales / Q000201:enzymology*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D000516:alpha-Amylases