title: Human exposure to indoor residential cyfluthrin residues during a structured activity program.
abstract: Estimations of absorbed daily dosage (ADD) of chemicals following contact with treated surfaces may be required for risk assessment and risk management. Measurements of ADD based upon biomonitoring are a more reliable data than estimates of ADD from environmental measurements since they require fewer default assumptions. Study participants performed a structured activity program (SAP) 24-h after an application of Tempo((R)) 20 WP (cyfluthrin; 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-phenyl)-methyl ester) on a medium pile, plush nylon carpet. Measurements of total cyfluthrin residue and transferable cyfluthrin residue (cotton cloth and CDFA roller; personal sock and short dosimetry) were made at 3, 7, 12, 23, 47.5, and 407.5 h. Total cyfluthrin residue extracted from (Soxhlet extraction) carpet was 11.1+/-2.7 microg/cm(2) 1 h prior to the SAP. Transferable cyfluthrin residue obtained through analysis of cotton cloths rolled with a weighted 30-pound cylinder was 0.11 microg/cm(2). Cyfluthrin residues from socks and shorts were 0.74+/-0.23 and 0.15+/-0.03 microg/cm(2), respectively. Urine was collected at 12-h intervals during a 72-h period following the SAP and was analyzed for the cyfluthrin biomarker, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA). The mean cyfluthrin equivalents excreted were 8.4+/-5.7 microg/person (yielding an absorbed dosage of 0.10 microg/kg; n=7). The elimination half-life was 16+/-5 h. All predicted ADDs based upon environmental measurements overestimated the ADDs measured by urinary excretion.
authors.affiliation: Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Department of Entomology, and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011722:Pyrethrins; C052570:cyfluthrin