title: Effect of pacing mode on health-related quality of life in the Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both "physiologic" (dual-chamber or atrial only) or ventricular-pacing-only permanent pacemakers provide chronotropic competence, with unknown health-related quality of life (QOL) differences between these options. The QOL studies within the Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing were performed to assess whether QOL differences exist in patients randomized to these 2 pacing modes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two QOL protocols were performed: 1) a substudy of 269 patients with detailed QOL measures (The Medical Outcomes Study, Short-Form [SF-36], the Pacemaker Syndrome Scale, an activity scale, and a pacemaker-specific scale) at baseline and 6 months after implantation; and 2) a parent study assessment of QOL in 1721 patients with a 12-item QOL instrument package (SF-6, "ladder of life," and pacemaker syndrome scale) given 6 months after implantation only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the substudy, pacing was associated with an average significant (P <.05) 0.36 SD unit improvement in QOL across all domains (SF-36: 38 +/- 9 to 41 +/- 11 for physical scores, 47 +/- 11 to 52 +/- 9 for mental health scores, both P <.001). Similar improvements were seen with the pacemaker-specific scales. There were no significant differences in the absolute or relative improvement in QOL between assigned pacing modes. The parent study similarly showed no differences in QOL between pacing modalities. Presyncope occurred in 31% of patients in the physiological pacing group, compared with 38% of the patients in the ventricular pacing group (P <.01). No other symptoms were different between the 2 groups. Pacemaker dependency, defined as an escape heart rate <50 beats per minute, did not influence the lack of difference in QOL scores between the 2 assigned pacing modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this largest randomized assessment of QOL in patients with pacemakers, with the instruments used, there was no significant health-related QOL difference seen between "physiologic" pacing and ventricular pacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. newmand@smh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Ching
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Anthony S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Miney
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woodend
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorian
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gent
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000502:physiology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy; D002170:Canada; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013575:Syncope / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome