title: Effects of intra-abdominal drainages on adhesion formation and prevention by phospholipids in a rat model. Drainages and adhesion formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to asses the adhesiogenic capacity of silicone drainages and the protective effect of phospholipids (PL).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 75 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the different groups. In a preliminary trial (pt; n = 15), all rats underwent midline laparotomy. The control group (C(pt); n = 5) received no further treatment. In the other animals, either an 'easy flow' drainage (EF(pt); n = 5) or an 'Aachen' drainage (AC(pt); n = 5) was placed into the abdominal cavity. In the final study (fs; n = 60), rats underwent laparotomy and colonic anastomosis. The control groups (C(fs)) received no drainages. In the other groups either one of the two types of drainages (EF(fs), AC(fs)) were introduced. In 50% of the rats, 75 mg/kg of PL were administered intraperitoneally (C(fs)+PL, EF(fs)+PL, AC(fs)+PL). The other rats received no additional treatment (C(fs)ØPL, EF(fs)ØPL, AC(fs)ØPL). All animals were sacrificed 10 days after surgery. Areas of adhesions and anastomotic bursting pressures were measured (mean +/- SD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the preliminary trial, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no differences between the groups after application of drainages (values are given in mean +/- SD): C(pt) mean 23.3 +/- 29.4 mm(2), EF(pt) 829.7 +/- 679.3 mm(2), AC(pt) 609.9 +/- 219.4 mm(2). In the final study, 2-factorial ANOVA showed a significant effect (p < 0.001) for the use of drainages but not for the application of PL (C(fs)ØPL 140.6 +/- 124.2 mm(2), C(fs)+PL 67.7 +/- 60.4 mm(2), EF(fs)ØPL 1,217.0 +/- 458.3 mm(2), EF(fs)+PL 1,266.8 +/- 368.3 mm(2), AC(fs)ØPL 861.7 +/- 274.8 mm(2), AC(fs)+PL 544.2 +/- 193.8 mm(2)). Post hoc test for pairwise comparisons adjusted to Bonferroni showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between all of the three pairs (C(fs) 104.1 +/- 92.3 mm(2) vs. EF(fs) 1,241.9 mm(2) +/- 413.3 mm(2); C(fs) vs. AC(fs) 702.9 mm +/- 234.3 mm(2); EF(fs) vs. AC(fs)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final study demonstrates the adhesiogenic capacity of silicone drainage tubes in combination with anastomoses. Any protective effect of PL alone or in combination with drainages could not be shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indication for the use of drainages in standard surgical procedures should be reconsidered within the scope of their potential to cause adhesions and subsequent complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rheinish-Westphalian Technical University, Aachen, Germany. peter.bertram@post.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Treutner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tietze
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vicas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anurov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Titkova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polivoda
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oettinger
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schumpelick
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012421:Rupture; D012828:Silicones; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D012828:Silicones