title: Genotype analysis, using PCR with type-specific primers, of hepatitis B virus isolates from patients coinfected with hepatitis delta virus genotype II from Miyako Island, Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA-positive patients and to characterize the HBV nucleotide sequences that may be found on a distant island of Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included three patients with chronic hepatitis who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA), HDV antibody (ELISA) and HDV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HBV genotype was determined by nested PCR using type-specific primers. The first-round PCR products from two patients were sequenced, followed by an investigation of nucleotide homology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viruses from all three patients in this study were classified as HBV genotype B. Comparison with HBV isolates from geographically neighboring regions revealed that the two HBV isolates had 97.9-98.6% identity at the nucleotide level to a Chinese isolate, 98.3-98.6% identity to the Okinawa isolate and 98.6-98.8% identity to a Japanese isolate of genotype B. On phylogenetic analysis, the HBV isolates from the two patients were classified as HBV genotype B. The HBV isolates of cases 1 and 3 clustered in the same group as isolates from the Chinese mainland and Japanese mainland, which are geographically near Miyako Island.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HBV isolates coinfected with HDV found on Miyako Island were of genotype B. The PCR method based on genotype-specific primers was useful in determining HBV genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. moriyama@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Moriyama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Morio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikuni
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwaguchi
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Sagiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichijima
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Naohide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D019701:Hepatitis D, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology*; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers