title: Janus-like role of regulatory iNKT cells in autoimmune disease and tumour immunity.
abstract: Invariant CD1D-restricted natural killer T (iNKT) cells function during innate and adaptive immunity and regulate numerous immune responses, such as autoimmune disease, tumour surveillance, infectious disease and abortions. However, the molecular basis of their functions and the nature of disease-associated defects of iNKT cells are unclear and have been the subject of recent controversy. Here, we review recent findings that underscore the potential importance of interactions between iNKT cells and dendritic cells (DCs) that indicate that iNKT cells regulate DC activity to shape both pro-inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. The ability to modulate iNKT-cell activity in vivo using the ligand alpha-galactosylceramide and to treat patients with autoimmune disease or cancer is evaluated also.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 525, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: S Brian
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Delovitch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; C526877:CD1D protein, human; D005699:Galactosylceramides