title: Immunohistochemical profile of the sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid, breast, and other carcinomas using high density tissue microarrays and conventional sections.
abstract: Extrathyroidal cancers could potentially be targeted with (131)I, if the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) were functional. Using immunohistochemical methods we probed 1278 human samples with anti-NIS antibody, including 253 thyroid and 169 breast conventional whole tissue sections (CWTS). Four high density tissue microarrays containing a wide variety of breast lesions, normal tissues, and carcinoma cores were tested. The results of the normal microarray were corroborated in 50 CWTS. Nineteen of 34 normal tissues, including bladder, colon, endometrium, kidney, prostate, and pancreas, expressed NIS. Nineteen of 25 carcinomas demonstrated NIS immunopositivity; 55.7% of 479 carcinoma microarray cores expressed NIS, including prostate (74%), ovary (73%), lung (65%), colon (62.6%), and endometrium (56%). NIS protein was present in 75% benign thyroid lesions, 73% thyroid cancers, 30% normal-appearing, peritumoral breasts, 88% ductal carcinomas in situ, and 76% invasive breast carcinoma CWTS. Comparatively, breast microarray cores had lower immunoreactivity. Plasma membrane immunopositivity was confirmed in thyrocytes, salivary ductal, gastric mucosa, and lactating mammary cells. In other tissues, immunoreactivity was predominantly intracellular, particularly in malignant lesions. Thus, NIS is present in many normal epithelial tissues and is predominantly expressed intracellularly in many carcinomas. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms that render NIS functional in extrathyroidal carcinomas may make (131)I therapy feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5655, USA. wapnir@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Irene L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Wapnir
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van de Rijn
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nowels
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Amenta
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Ralph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Orsolya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dohán
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carrasco
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D027981:Symporters / Q000032:analysis*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters