title: Factors related to hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify factors predictive of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The data can be used to predict which patients in this group have a high probability of requiring permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred eighteen patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated between 1990 and 1999 were retrospectively studied, to identify factors contributing to shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. With these data, a stepwise logistic regression procedure was used to determine the effect of each variable on the development of hydrocephalus and to create a scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 152 of the 718 patients (21.2%) underwent shunting procedures for treatment of hydrocephalus. Four hundred seventy-nine of the patients (66.7%) were female. Of the factors investigated, the following were associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, as determined with a variety of statistical methods: 1) increasing age (P < 0.001), 2) female sex (P = 0.015), 3) poor admission Hunt and Hess grade (P < 0.001), 4) thick subarachnoid hemorrhage on admission computed tomographic scans (P < 0.001), 5) intraventricular hemorrhage (P < 0.001), 6) radiological hydrocephalus at the time of admission (P < 0.001), 7) distal posterior circulation location of the ruptured aneurysm (P = 0.046), 8) clinical vasospasm (P < 0.001), and 9) endovascular treatment (P = 0.013). The presence of intracerebral hematomas, giant aneurysms, or multiple aneurysms did not influence the development of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study can help identify patients with a high risk of developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. This may help neurosurgeons expedite treatment, may decrease the cost and length of hospital stays, and may result in improved outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-8855, USA. zdorai@excite.com
authors.forename: Zeena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dorai
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hynan
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kopitnik
authors.forename: Duke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D014696:Ventriculostomy