title: Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine have recently been implicated as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, pre-eclampsia, and recurrent pregnancy loss, and have been found to be associated with insulin resistance in a number of clinical situations. We examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 infertile patients with PCOS as defined by clinical, biochemical and ultrasound criteria were screened for insulin resistance utilizing single-sample fasting insulin and glucose measurement, calculated by glucose:insulin ratio or homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Total plasma homocysteine was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. One hundred normo-ovulatory women with normal ovaries being treated for other infertility diagnoses served as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin resistance was found in the majority of PCOS patients: -53.5% (83/155), 60.6% (94/155) and 65.8% (102/155), when defined by fasting insulin, glucose:insulin ratio, or logHOMA respectively. Mean plasma homocysteine in the PCOS group was significantly higher than in the normal ovary group (11.5 +/- 7.4 versus 7.4 +/- 2.1 micromol/l, P < 0.001). Insulin-resistant PCOS patients had significantly higher plasma homocysteine (12.4 +/- 8.4 micromol/l) than non-insulin-resistant PCOS patients (9.6 +/- 4.4 micromol/l) regardless of body mass index (P = 0.003 by groups, P = 0.005 by correlation of single samples). Thirty-four per cent (53/155) of the PCO patients had homocysteine values >95th percentile of the controls (11.0 micromol/l, P < 0.0001). Statistically significant correlations were found between all insulin resistance indices and homocysteine levels. Multiple logistic regression defined insulin resistance as the major factor examined that influenced homocysteine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in patients with PCOS is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine, regardless of body weight. This finding may have important implications in the short term regarding reproductive performance, and in the long term regarding cardiovascular complications associated with insulin-resistant PCOS.
authors.affiliation: IVF and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin 70300, Israel. ivfdoc@asaf.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Morey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schachter
authors.forename: Arieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raziel
authors.forename: Shevach
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friedler
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strassburger
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bern
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ron-El
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006711:Homocystine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D006711:Homocystine