title: Administration of a commercial immunostimulant preparation, EcoActiva as a feed supplement enhances macrophage respiratory burst and the growth rate of snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae (Bloch and Schneider)) in winter.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of prolonged administration of a commercial beta-glucan based immunostimulant preparation, EcoActiva, in the form of a feed supplement, on non-specific immune parameters and the growth rate of snapper (Pagrus auratus). Fish held at a temperature representing either summer or winter conditions, were sampled periodically and assayed for head kidney macrophage activity via in vitro superoxide production, and classical and alternative complement activity. Fish were also weighed monthly and the growth rate determined. Fish fed on a diet supplemented with EcoActiva and held at the winter temperature had a significant enhancement of macrophage superoxide anion production upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and this increased activity was maintained throughout the trial. Macrophage activity in fish fed the supplemented diet and held at the summer temperature was also increased. However, EcoActiva failed to increase either classical or alternate complement activity. Most significantly EcoActiva resulted in an increase in growth rates of the fish held at the winter temperature as compared to the control fish, although no difference was seen between the groups held at the summer temperature. These results suggest that routine incorporation of beta-glucan preparations like EcoActivaduring winter may enhance macrophage function and growth rates at a time of increased disease susceptibility and little or no growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Mathew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hayball
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Barbara F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hayball
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D001835:Body Weight; D003170:Complement Pathway, Alternative / Q000276:immunology; D003171:Complement Pathway, Classical / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005936:Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D012621:Seasons; D013481:Superoxides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005936:Glucans; D013481:Superoxides