title: Chemical characterization of rainwater at Singapore.
abstract: A short term study of the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000 in Singapore. The rainwater was typically acidic with a mean pH of 4.2. Sulfate was the most abundant ion and comparable to the results reported for other industrialized regions. The concentrations of major ions (NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), SO(4)(2+), NO(3)(2-), Cl(-), HCOO(-), CH(3)COO(-)) varied monthly. Results show that local meteorological conditions influence the chemical compositions to a significant extent. The pollutants in rainwater were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Pulp and Environmental Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China. ppgphu@scut.edu.cn
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007221:Industry; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D012846:Singapore; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions