Emerging trends in the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain.
The pharmacotherapy for pain is dominated by conventional analgesics such as the opioids and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of pain in general and chronic pain in particular, opened the field of analgesic therapy to newer pharmacological targets, which are aimed at improved efficacy and enhanced tolerability over conventional antipain treatments. Many novel targets are still in preclinical development, but some have made it into human trials and have shown promise. Newer anticonvulsants, new generation cyclooxygenase inhibitors, better tolerated glutamate modulators and balanced serotonin/noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors are some targets that have shown promise in the clinic. These and other compounds that are in advanced phases of development for chronic pain are reviewed in this paper. It is hoped that the decade of pain control and research will lead us to an arsenal of effective and safe analgesics that will conquer the problem of chronic pain.
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Finch University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3095, USA.
Wallihan
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Skljarevski
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Ramadan
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D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002186:Cannabinoids; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers