title: Induction of the Sry-related factor SOX6 contributes to bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced chondroblastic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells.
abstract: Chondrogenesis leads to the formation of mature cartilage and generates initial skeletal elements that serve as templates for endochondral bone formation. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in several developmental and organogenetic processes and have been identified as key regulators in chondrogenesis. In the present study we sought to determine the transcriptional mechanisms contributing to the induction of chondrogenic markers by BMP-2. Time-course studies with BMP-2-stimulated C3H10T1/2 cells showed a dose-dependent appearance of Alcian-blue-positive material and up-regulated expression of type-II collagen mRNA. This last effect required new protein synthesis because addition of cycloheximide completely blocked the induction of type-II collagen mRNA. A region encompassing the chondrocyte-specific enhancer, localized in intron I of type-II collagen alpha1 chain (Col2a1) gene, is sufficient to confer BMP-2-dependent transcriptional induction of type-II collagen gene expression. Analysis of the expression levels of chondrogenic Sry-type high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (SOX) transcription factors demonstrated a time-dependent induction of Sox6 expression by BMP-2 that correlated with the appearance of BMP-2- induced protein complexes bound to the chondrocyte-specific enhancer. Preincubation of nuclear extracts with SOX6 and SOX9 antibodies markedly reduced the intensity of these bands. Forced expression of SOX6 mimicked the BMP-2 effect, whereas coexpression of SOX9 promoted a synergistic interaction between both factors in transcription from the chondrocyte-specific enhancer. Moreover, overexpression of a SOX6 mutated form, devoid of its high-mobility group domain, was sufficient to prevent transcriptional induction of the chondrocyte-specific enhancer by BMP-2. Taken together, these results indicate that SOX6 is an important downstream mediator of BMP-2 signaling in chondrogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Lloris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viñals
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: López-Rovira
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harley
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartrons
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C447413:Col2a1 protein, mouse; D024043:Collagen Type II; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; C095939:Sox6 protein, mouse; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; C497746:Sry protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta