title: Emotional expressiveness, hostility and blood pressure in a longitudinal cohort of Alzheimer caregivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the interactive effect of chronic stress and emotional expressiveness (EE) on blood pressure (BP) in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among spousal caregivers (n=111) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, BP was assessed at home by a visiting nurse every 6 months for 7 years. Caregiving demands, EE, social desirability and hostility were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  State hostility was more prevalent among newer caregivers and those encountering more dementia problem behaviors and ADL limitations but unrelated to BP or BP change (P>.05). In a cross-sectional analysis, higher diastolic BP was associated with more spousal problem behaviors and being less emotionally expressive (P<.05). Longitudinal (growth curve analysis) increases in diastolic BP were predicted by providing more spousal ADL assistance (P<.05) but not by EE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both caregiving stress and low EE may contribute independently to hypertension risk in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Center for Disability Research, Hopkinton, MA, USA.
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Shirley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012928:Social Desirability; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires