title: The effects of constant and alternating temperatures on the reproductive potential, life span, and life expectancy of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
abstract: Ovarian development, oviposition, larval eclosion, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, ovarian, testis and ejaculatory apodeme measurements (length, width, and area), and the number of spermatozoa of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) were analyzed at alternating (20 degrees/6 degrees C and 20 degrees/13 degrees C) and constant (6 degrees C; 25 degrees C) temperatures. Life span and life expectancy were also analyzed for both genders. All the results suggest that temperature, especially alternating temperatures, increase not only male and female reproductive potential but also their life span and life expectancy. These changes can be a powerful strategy triggered by A. fraterculus as a means to survive the stressful temperature conditions found in winter in the apple production region in Brazil, enabling this species to increase its population density and cause apple damage when spring begins.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, C.P. 15053, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montagner
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000032:analysis; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013696:Temperature; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase