title: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans: a 5-year review of the natural history using clinical and MRI evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although MRI prognostic features for juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) have been determined, the natural history of JOCD on serial MRI has not been fully documented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the natural history of JOCD on serial MRI and to correlate this with arthroscopy and clinical outcome over a 5-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one knees in 19 patients (15 boys, 4 girls; age range 5-15 years) with JOCD underwent MRI and clinical follow-up over 5 years. Lesions were classified as stable or unstable on MRI and compared with clinical and arthroscopic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On 5-year follow-up, 17 of 19 patients were asymptomatic and 2 of 19 had minimal pain. Fourteen arthroscopies were performed on 11/21 knees. One of twenty-one had fragment fixation. On initial MRI, eight knees had marked fragmentation, high signal at the fragment/bone interface and incomplete defects in the hyaline cartilage (MRI stage III-stable), but no tear. Of these, five had arthroscopy, all confirming intact cartilage. One of twenty-one knees was unstable (MRI stage IVb) with a detached osteochondral fragment, requiring surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite extensive subchondral bone changes on MRI, all cases with intact cartilage (95%) improved with conservative treatment. Early MRI allows prompt diagnosis and institution of conservative treatment. This results in healing and avoidance of surgery in most patients.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Epsom and St Helier NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 1AA, UK. jaqhug@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Jane V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Churchill
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome