title: Pilot trial of oral rapamycin for recalcitrant restenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sirolimus-coated stents are a promising new therapy for restenosis. We treated a select group of patients at especially high risk for restenosis with oral sirolimus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were treated with an oral sirolimus-loading dose of 6 mg after coronary angioplasty, followed by 2 mg/d for 4 weeks. Serum electrolytes, lipid profile, renal panel, and complete blood cell count were measured at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after drug initiation. Oral sirolimus was prescribed to 22 patients who had a total of 28 lesions and were at high risk for restenosis. Of the 22 study patients, 11 (50%) discontinued oral sirolimus early because of side effects or laboratory abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia and leukopenia were the most frequent adverse events, occurring in 3 patients each. All adverse drug effects were reversible after discontinuation. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of patients at a mean of 9.9+/-1.8 months, ranging from 6.5 to 11.8 months. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) occurred in 15 of 28 lesions (53.6%) and 13 of 22 patients (59.1%). There was no difference in TLR for patients receiving a complete course of sirolimus (n=8; 72.7%) compared with patients who terminated treatment prematurely (n=5; 45.5%; P=NS). Clinically driven repeat cardiac catheterization was obtained in 15 (68.2%) patients; restenosis (>50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) was present in 13 (86.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral sirolimus does not appear to provide benefit to patients with recalcitrant restenosis. Adverse drug effects are frequent, underscoring the importance of local drug delivery to achieve high tissue concentrations without systemic adverse drug effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, Calif 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Prabhtej S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Brara
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moussavian
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grise
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Mindy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Teirstein
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D020123:Sirolimus