title: Surgical cure for early rectal carcinoma and large adenoma: transanal endoscopic microsurgery (using ultrasound or electrosurgery) compared to conventional local and radical resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The minimally invasive technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) combines the benefits of local resections, a low complication rate and high patient comfort, with low recurrence rate and excellent survival rate after radical surgery (RS). The use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel rather than electrosurgery further improves the results of TEM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed of 182 operations on 162 patients with early rectal carcinoma (pT1, G1/2) or adenoma to compare the outcome following four different kinds of surgical resection techniques: RS (anterior or abdominoperineal resection; n=27), conventional transanal resection using Park's retractor (TP; n=76), transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) with electrosurgery (TEM-ES; n=45), and TEM with UltraCision (TEM-UC; n=34). One-third of the patients with RS (33%) received either a colostomy or a protective loop-ileostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operation time with TEM-UC was significantly shorter than with TEM-ES or RS. Hospitalization was significantly longer with RS than for TEM or TP. Complication rate with TEM was significantly lower than with RS. Recurrence rate with RS and TEM was significantly lower than with TP, with a trend to TEM-UC being better than TEM-ES. Mortality rate was 3.7% with RS and 0 with TP and TEM. The 2-year survival rate was 96.3% with RS and 100% each with TP and TEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEM using UC seems to be the technique of choice. TP leads to an unacceptable recurrence rate, and RS results in a higher incidence of complication and impairment of life quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Georg August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. langer@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liersch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Süss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siemer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ghadimi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Füzesi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011351:Proctoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014465:Ultrasonics