title: Racial disparities in VA service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder disability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Service connected" veterans are those with documented, compensative conditions related to or aggravated by military service, and they receive priority for enrollment into the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. For some veterans, service connection represents the difference between access to VA health care facilities and no access.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are racial discrepancies in the granting of service connection for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by the Department of Veterans Affairs and, if so, to determine whether these discrepancies could be attributed to appropriate subject characteristics, such as differences in PTSD symptom severity or functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed survey linked to administrative data. Claims audits were conducted on 11% of the sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 2700 men and 2700 women randomly selected from all veterans filing PTSD disability claims between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3337 veterans returned usable surveys, of which 17% were black. Only 16% of respondents carried private health insurance, and 44% reported incomes of 20,000 US dollars or less. After adjusting for respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, symptom severity, functional status, and trauma histories, black persons' rate of service connection for PTSD was 43% compared with 56% for other respondents (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black persons' rates of service connection for PTSD were substantially lower than other veterans even after adjusting for differences in PTSD severity and functional status.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minnesota 55417, USA. murdo002@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cowper
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ryn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011203:Poverty; D011287:Prejudice; D011897:Random Allocation; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000191:economics* / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014600:Utilization Review; D014728:Veterans / Q000145:classification; D014729:Veterans Disability Claims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*