title: Cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the murine peroxisomal flavoprotein, N1-acetylated polyamine oxidase.
abstract: The aminoacyl sequences of three regions of pure bovine N1-acetylated polyamine oxidase (PAO) were obtained and used to search GenBankTM. This led to the cloning and sequencing of a complete coding cDNA for murine PAO (mPAO) and the 5'-truncated coding region of the bovine pao (bpao) gene. A search of GenBankTM indicated that mpao maps to murine chromosome 7 as seven exons. The translated amino acid sequences of mpao and bpao have a -Pro-Arg-Leu peroxisomal targeting signal at the extreme C termini. A beta-alpha-beta FAD-binding motif is present in the N-terminal portion of mPAO. This and several other regions of mPAO and bPAO are highly similar to corresponding sections of other flavoprotein amine oxidases, although the overall identity of aligned sequences indicates that PAO represents a new subfamily of flavoproteins. A fragment of mpao was used as a probe to establish the relative transcription levels of this gene in various mature murine tissues and murine embryonic and breast tissues at different developmental stages. An Escherichia coli expression system has been developed for manufacturing mPAO at a reasonable level. The mPAO so produced was purified to homogeneity and characterized. It was demonstrated definitively that PAO oxidizes N1-acetylspermine to spermidine and 3-acetamidopropanal and that it also oxidizes N1-acetylspermidine to putrescine and 3-acetamidopropanal. Thus, this is the classical polyamine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.11) that is defined as the enzyme that oxidizes these N1-acetylated polyamines on the exo-side of their N4-amino groups. This enzyme is distinguishable from the plant polyamine oxidase that oxidizes spermine on the endo-side of the N4-nitrogen. It differs also from mammalian spermine oxidase that oxidizes spermine (but not N1-acetylspermine or N1-acetylspermidine) at the exo-carbon of its N4-amino group. This report provides details of the biochemical, spectral, oxidation-reduction, and steady-state kinetic properties of pure mPAO.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Division of the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Tianyun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yankovskaya
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McIntire
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D013095:Spermidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase
chemical_list: D005420:Flavoproteins; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013095:Spermidine; D013096:Spermine; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase; C017988:N(1)-acetylspermidine; C029452:N'-acetylspermine