title: Symptomatic and complicated adult and adolescent primary obstructive megaureter--indications for surgery: analysis, outcome, and follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary obstructive megaureter is an uncommon presentation in adult patients. Although not reported frequently in published studies, the anomaly exists and warrants aggressive surgical management in contrast to its presentation in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was composed of 55 patients (47 with unilateral and 8 with bilateral megaureters) with adult primary obstructive megaureter who were treated from January 1989 to December 2001. Their clinical presentation, renal function, radiologic data, treatment, complications, and follow-up were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 55 patients, 36 were male and 19 were female (age range 13 to 52 years). All patients were symptomatic except two. Forty-four patients (50 renoureteral units) required ureteral reimplantation, with tailoring in 33. Five patients were treated with endoscopic techniques (ureteral meatotomy in 3 and ureteroscopic retrieval of ureteral calculi in 2). Four patients required nephroureterectomy for nonfunctioning kidneys. Associated renal calculi were managed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and pyelolithotomy and ureteral calculi by endoscopic methods or calculi removed at the time of ureteroneocystostomy. All but 4 patients showed improvement in hydroureter and hydronephrosis and developed no complications during the follow-up period of 1 to 12 years (mean 7). Five patients with bilateral megaureters had uremia. Only one improved after surgery with adequate drainage and 2 patients died despite reimplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most adult patients with megaureter are symptomatic. Complications such as stone formation and deranged function of the affected kidney are common and almost all require surgical intervention. Surgery in those with bilateral megaureters with advanced renal failure is mostly unrewarding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doddamani
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate