title: Response to novelty as a predictor of cocaine sensitization and conditioning in rats: a correlational analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An animal's response to novelty has been suggested to be a predictor of its response to drugs of abuse. The possible relationship between an individual's behavioral response to novelty and its subsequent behavioral response to cocaine has not been subjected to a detailed correlational analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use a repeated cocaine treatment protocol to induce cocaine sensitization and conditioned cocaine locomotor stimulant effects and to assess the relationship of these effects to pre-cocaine locomotor behavior in a novel environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two separate experiments, rats were given a 20-min test in a novel open-field environment. Subsequently, the rats were given a series of additional tests in conjunction with either saline or cocaine (10 mg/kg) treatments to induce cocaine sensitization and conditioned effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The repeated cocaine treatments induced cocaine behavioral sensitization and conditioned effects. Correlational analyses showed that the initial 20-min novel environment test proved to be a strong predictor of an animal's subsequent saline activity level but did not predict the rats' behavioral acute and sensitized response to cocaine. When change in activity was used as the dependent variable, initial activity level was reliably negatively correlated with activity changes on cocaine tests as well as cocaine conditioning tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The negative correlation between initial activity in a novel environment and the change in activity induced by cocaine indicates that low responders to environmental novelty tend to have the strongest response to cocaine. These results appear consistent with the classic initial value and response rate dependent analyses of stimulant drug effects.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center and Upstate Medical University, Research (151), 800 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. Careyr@cnyrc.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DePalma
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damianopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D003042:Cocaine