title: Digital rectal exam following prostatectomy: is it still necessary with the use of PSA?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the value of digital rectal exam with respect to PSA in the follow up of radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 537 patients having undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy from April 1989 to November 2000 were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operations took place in one institution. Follow-up took place at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and from then on every 6 months. When patients reached 36 months without relapse, follow-up was done on a yearly basis. DRE was performed on every follow-up visit until relapse occurred. Blood samples were collected on every follow-up visit for PSA measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathological grade and margin status. Digital rectal exam (DRE) on every visit. PSA levels for each visit. Bone scan and anastomotic biopsy results when done. Date and cause of death were recorded where applicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 423 patients with inclusion criteria, 31 (7.3%) had at least one positive DRE on follow-up. All of these had at least one detectable PSA measurement before DRE became positive. Clinically local recurrence took place an average of 27+/-17 months following surgery (range 1-36 months) PSA was an average 14+/-11 months earlier in detecting relapse than DRE. Isolated PSA recurrence was noted in 98 (25.5%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given our results and those obtained by other authors, it is acceptable to omit DRE in the follow-up of radical retropubic prostatectomies until PSA becomes detectable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Que., H2L 4M1, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lattouf
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saad
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010173:Palpation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen