title: Causes of blindness in Northern Tanzania: a hospital and rural health centre based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the main causes of blindness in Northern Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmic patients at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and on outreach clinics in the Kilimanjaro region of Northern Tanzania were examined. The cause of blindness was documented for any eye seeing less than 3/60 Snellen. If more than one factor contributed to the visual loss, the single factor deemed to be the most visually disabling was documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1045 blind eyes of 781 patients were examined. 264 patients were bilaterally blind. The main cause of bilateral blindness was cataract [39%]. The other chief causes of blindness were glaucoma, trauma and corneal scarring. The most important cause of corneal scarring, approximately half the cases, was microbial keratitis. Refractive error alone was responsible for 4.2% of bilateral blindness, of which 2.7% was uncorrected post-cataract surgery aphakia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatable causes of blindness, including cataract and refractive error account for over a third of all blindness in Northern Tanzania. Trauma, glaucoma and microbial keratitis are other important causes of blindness in the region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, East Africa. trgp@fish.co.uk
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Poole
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001766:Blindness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology