title: Effect of phenothiazines on protein kinase C- and calcium-dependent activation of peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: The effects of some phenothiazines (promethazine, PMZ; chlorpromazine, CPZ; levomepromazine, LVPZ; thioridazine, TRDZ; trifluoperazine, TFPZ) on the activation and viability of rat peritoneal macrophages were investigated. The macrophage activation was estimated by measuring of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (a protein kinase C activator) or calcium ionophore A23187. The viability of macrophages was determined using ATP bioluminescence as a criterion of cell viability. It was observed that all drugs, in concentrations higher than 1 micromol/L, markedly decreased the chemiluminescent index of PMA-activated or A23187-activated macrophages. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. It was better expressed in the case of CPZ, followed by TFPZ and TRDZ, and less expressed in the case of PMZ and LVPZ. The suppression of chemiluminescence of PMA-/A23187-activated macrophages by phenothiazines was not a result of their cytotoxic effect. Moreover, it was found that all drugs dose-dependently enhanced the viability of macrophages, estimated by ATP production. The inhibitory effects of phenothiazines on the chemiluminescence of PMA-/A23187-activated macrophages were greater than their ability to decrease KO2-induced chemiluminescence as a result of interaction with superoxide radicals. It may be supposed that the inhibitory effect of phenothiazines on PMA-/A23187-induced chemiluminescence of macrophages is a result not only of interaction between drugs and superoxide radicals, generated during the "oxidative burst" of activated cells. Presumably the drugs have an immunomodulating effect on rat peritoneal macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hadjimitova
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakalova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traykov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: St
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ribarov
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D010640:Phenothiazines; D000001:Calcimycin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002118:Calcium