title: Rewarding injections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the ventral tegmental area induce locomotion and c-Fos expression in the retrosplenial area and supramammillary nucleus.
abstract: Previously we found that intra-ventral tegmental injections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol induce reward; such injections induce conditioned place preference and rats learn quickly to self-administer carbachol directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). To determine what brain regions are activated by such rewarding injections we studied the expression of the transcription factor c-Fos in local and distant brain regions following ventral tegmental injections of carbachol in rats. We also measured locomotion induced by such injections. Carbachol injections into the VTA induced vigorous locomotion while carbachol injections into the regions 1 mm dorsal or 1 mm lateral to the VTA induced delayed attenuated locomotion. Ventral tegmental injections of carbachol induced c-Fos expression throughout the brain. Significant correlations between locomotion c-Fos positive nuclei were found in the retrosplenial area the posterior hypothalamus including the supramammillary nucleus. These results suggest that the retrosplenial area supramammillary nucleus may be parts of the circuitry for the reward triggered by ventral tegmental cholinergic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. sikemoto@intra.nida.nih.gov
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008326:Mammillary Bodies / Q000187:drug effects; D008845:Microinjections; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D002217:Carbachol