title: Dental malocclusion and upper airway obstruction, an otolaryngologist's perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper, through the presentation of eight case reports and a limited literature review, attempts to illustrate the negative effect that upper airway obstruction can have on developing dental occlusion and the positive effect that upper airway relief can have on the 'normalization' of various malocclusion patterns believed to be related to chronic obligate mouth breathing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of airway relief (usually through tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy) on various patterns of dental malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children coming to the office of the lead author (D.J.W.) found to be obligate mouth breathers and who also had dental malocclusion had Polaroid 'bite' pictures taken at the time of their initial visit. One year or more after their surgery for upper airway relief (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in these cases) a second 'bite' photograph was taken and compared to the first.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases selected in this study there was observed improvement in their dental occlusion within a year following surgery to improve their breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is the opinion of the authors of this paper that upper airway obstruction may have a negative effect on the developing transitional dental occlusion and that eliminating the cause of upper airway obstruction can lead to 'normalization' of occlusion in such children. Further orthodontic corrective modalities may be required for optimal occlusal results.
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic, Department of Surgery/Division of Otolaryngology, Hanover, NH 03756, USA. dudley.j.weider@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Dudley J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weider
authors.forename: Greg L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Salvatoriello
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications*; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D009970:Orthodontics; D010036:Otolaryngology; D023861:Photography, Dental; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014068:Tonsillectomy