title: Bioaugmentation of tar-contaminated soils under field conditions using Pleurotus ostreatus refuse from commercial mushroom production.
abstract: The influence of the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus on the degradation of selected poly- and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (referred to as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) in soil was investigated under field conditions representing the Northern temperate zone. Pleurotus ostreatus was added to two contaminated soils in the form of homogenized refuse from the commercial production of fungus. The soils were collected from a former shipyard (the B&W soil) and underneath a former coal tar storage at an old asphalt factory in Denmark (the Ringe soil). Treatments (control, soil mixed with autoclaved sawdust medium, and soil mixed with P. ostreatus refuse) were set up in triplicate in concrete cylinders (height, 50 cm; diameter, 60 cm). The activity of P. ostreatus was measured as laccase activity and phenanthrene (PHE)- and pyrene (PYR)-degrading bacteria were enumerated. Twenty-one different PAHs were quantified. After nine weeks the concentrations of the 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs in the Ringe soil were reduced by 78, 41, and 4%, respectively. These reductions corresponded with high initial laccase activity, a decrease in pH caused by the fungus, and an increase in the number of PHE- and PYR-degrading bacteria. No significant PAH degradation was observed in the B&W soil. Reasons for the difference in performance of P. ostreatus in the two soils are discussed in terms of soil histories and bioavailability. The use of P. ostreatus refuse holds promising potential for bioremediation purposes.
authors.affiliation: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Physiology and Soil Science, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hestbjerg
authors.forename: Pia Arentsen
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Willumsen
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Carsten Suhr
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003033:Coal Tar / Q000378:metabolism*; D019649:Food Industry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003033:Coal Tar