title: Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events and mortality in 1516 women with coronary heart disease: results from the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) study showed that cholesterol-lowering therapy prevented further events in patients with coronary heart disease and average cholesterol levels. The aim of this subgroup analysis was to assess the effects of pravastatin in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1516 women (756 assigned to take pravastatin) in a cohort of 9014 patients with previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina and a baseline plasma cholesterol level of 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L (155-271 mg/dL) were assigned to receive pravastatin (40 mg/d) or placebo. Major cardiovascular disease events in 6 years were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were at a lesser risk than men for death from any cause (10.3% vs 14.8%, P <.01), death from coronary heart disease (6.6% vs 8.6%, P =.04), and coronary revascularization (13.6% vs 16.2%, P =.05) and at a similar risk of myocardial infarction (9.2% vs 10.5%, P =.26), stroke (3.6% vs 4.7%, P =.11), and hospitalization for unstable angina (25.1% vs 24.5%, P = 0.90). Pravastatin significantly reduced the risk of all prespecified cardiovascular events in all LIPID patients. Relative treatment effects in women did not differ significantly from those in men (P >.05) for any events except hospitalization for unstable angina. There were too few events to demonstrate separately significant effects in women; the estimated relative risk reduction with pravastatin was 11% (95% CI -18%-33%) for coronary heart disease death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, 18% (95% CI -25%-46%) for coronary heart disease death, 16% (95% CI -19%-41%) for myocardial infarction, and 17% (95% CI -2%-33%) for coronary heart disease death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study had the largest secondary-prevention female cohort studied thus far, but was not adequately powered to show separate effects in women. Nevertheless, the results were consistent with the main results of this and other trials in showing reduced risks with cholesterol-lowering treatment.
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. wendy@ctc.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hague
authors.forename: Peta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forder
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simes
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids; D017035:Pravastatin