title: In vitro and in vivo studies of lead immobilization by synthetic hydroxyapatite.
abstract: Apatite appears a useful compound for removing lead from water, due to its ability to immobilize the metal by precipitation. In dilute solution, dissolved hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca1O(P04)6(OH)2] provided phosphates that were reactive with aqueous lead (molar ratio HA/Pb= 1/10) forming precipitates at around pH 6. These dissolved at a more acidic pH (3). Solid HA in contact with Pb2+ions, led to the formation of pyromorphite [Pblo(P04)6(OH)2], identified by X-ray diffraction and insoluble at pH tested (3-8). The amount of pyromorphite increased with the weight ratio of HA/Pb. When this one increased from 1 to 1000, lead precipitated as pyromorphite rose from 19 to 99%. In vivo experiments on rats confirmed the in vitro results. In fact, lead bioavailability assessed by intestinal perfusion was unchanged in the presence of dissolved HA, whereas it was significantly lower in the presence of solid HA, evaluated by gastric intubation, at a weight ratio equal to 10 (amount of lead absorbed decreased by 60%). Apatite could bean effective means of immobilizing lead in drinking or sewage, since accidental pyromorphite ingestion does not yield bioavailable lead.
authors.affiliation: Unité INSERM U420, Laboratoire de Chimie et Toxicologie des Métaux, Département Environnement et Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arnich
authors.forename: Marie-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lanhers
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurensot
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podor
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montiel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burnel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead