title: The Origin of Adverse Reactions Induced by Vaccines.
abstract: The review deals with numerous etiologic factors that are responsible for the development of side-effects and complications after immunization. Different types of side-effects observed after administration of vaccines are classified as follows: pharmacological effects of vaccines; non-protective antibody formation; various forms of allergy; autoimmune reactions; immunomodulating and psychogenic effects of vaccines. Special attention is given to the characteristics of admixtures, which are contained in vaccines and may be a cause of adverse reactions, and to the immunologic safety of vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Tarasevich Institute of Standardization and Quality Examination of Biological Substances, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: N. V.
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Medunitsin