title: Increase in blood glucose concentration during antihypertensive treatment as a predictor of myocardial infarction: population based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of an increase in blood glucose on the risk of developing myocardial infarction, with particular emphasis on people taking antihypertensive drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective population based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uppsala, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  1860 men who had participated in 1970-3 at age 50 in a health survey aimed at identifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease and were re-examined at age 60 and then followed for 17.4 years. MIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Myocardial infarction after age 60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of myocardial infarction was significantly higher in men treated for hypertension than in those without such treatment (23% v 13.5%, P<0.0001). Participants who developed myocardial infarction after the age of 60 (n=253) showed a significantly larger increase in blood glucose between age 50 and 60 than did those without myocardial infarction. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models increase in blood glucose was an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (P=0.0001) in men receiving antihypertensive treatment at age 60 (n=291, mainly beta blockers and thiazide diuretics) but not in those without such treatment. The impact of increase in blood glucose declined after inclusion of serum proinsulin concentrations at baseline but was still significant. A significant interaction existed between proinsulin concentration (a marker of insulin resistance) at baseline and antihypertensive treatment on increase in blood glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increase in blood glucose between the ages of 50 and 60 and baseline proinsulin concentration were important risk factors for myocardial infarction in men receiving antihypertensive treatment, indicating that both an insulin resistant state and the metabolic impact of beta blockers and diuretics increase the risk of myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, PO Box 609, SE-751 25 Uppsala, Sweden. kristina.dunder@pubcare.uu.se
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dunder
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zethelius
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lithell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose