title: Insulin pump therapy: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a meta-analysis of the metabolic and psychosocial impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy on adults, adolescents, and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified and data regarding study design, year of publication, sample size, patient's age, diabetes duration, and duration of CSII therapy were collected. Means and SDs for glycohemoglobin, blood glucose, insulin dosages, and body weight for CSII and comparison conditions were subjected to meta-analytic procedures. Data regarding pump complications and psychosocial functioning were reviewed descriptively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 studies, consisting of 1,547 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicate that CSII therapy is associated with significant improvements in glycemic control (decreased glycohemoglobin and mean blood glucose). A descriptive review of potential complications of CSII use (e.g., hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], pump malfunction, and site infections) suggests a decreased frequency of hypoglycemic episodes but an increased frequency of DKA in studies published before 1993.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSII therapy is associated with improved glycemic control compared with traditional insulin therapies (conventional therapy and multiple daily injections) and does not appear to be associated with significant adverse outcomes. Additional studies are needed to further examine the relative risks of CSII therapy, including the potential psychosocial impact of this technologically advanced therapy.
authors.affiliation: Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA. jwbenchell@childrensmemorial.org
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weissberg-Benchell
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antisdel-Lomaglio
authors.forename: Roopa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seshadri
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016239:MEDLINE; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose