title: A prospective multipractice investigation of patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears: the importance of comorbidities, practice, and other covariables on self-assessed shoulder function and health status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotator cuff tears are among the most common conditions of the shoulder. One of the major difficulties in studying patients with rotator cuff tears is that the clinical expression of these tears varies widely and different practices may have substantially different patient populations. The goals of the present prospective multipractice study were to use patient self-assessment questionnaires (1) to identify some of the characteristics of patients with rotator cuff tears, other than the size of the cuff tear, that are correlated with shoulder function, and (2) to determine whether there are significant differences in these characteristics among patients from the practices of different surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten surgeons enrolled a total of 333 patients with a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon into this prospective study. Each patient completed self-assessment questionnaires that included items regarding demographic characteristics, prior treatment, medical and social comorbidities, general health status, and shoulder function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, patients who had an infraspinatus tendon tear as well as a supraspinatus tendon tear had significantly worse ability to use the arm overhead compared with those who had a supraspinatus tear alone (p < 0.005). However, shoulder function and health status were correlated with patient characteristics other than the size of the rotator cuff tear. The number of shoulder functions that were performable was correlated with the subscales of the Short Form-36 and was inversely associated with medical and social comorbidities. The patients from the ten different surgeon practices showed significant differences in almost every parameter, including age, gender, method of tear documentation, tear size, prior treatment, medical and social comorbidities, general health status, and shoulder function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical studies on the natural history of rotator cuff tears and the effectiveness of treatment must control for a wide range of variables, many of which do not pertain directly to the shoulder. Patients from the practices of different surgeons cannot be assumed to be similar with respect to these variables. Patient self-assessment questionnaires appear to offer a practical method of uniform assessment across different practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6500, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Harryman
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hettrich
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sidles
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Matsen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires