title: Physical activity, diet and cardiovascular disease risks in Chinese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between different types and levels of physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including oxidative stress, blood lipids and insulin resistance, in a healthy female population in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy women aged 35 to 65 years participated in this study. The habitual physical activity was evaluated by self-administered questionnaire (MOSPA). The dietary intakes of nutrients were calculated from 3-day recall records. Anthropometric data of each subject were measured, fasting blood samples were taken, and erythrocytes and serum were prepared for the measurement of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, serum malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, insulin, glucose and lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein AI (apo A) and apolipoprotein B (apo B)) concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low level of physical activity was related to a lower concentration of serum apo B, and higher energy expenditure from household physical activity had a reverse relationship with serum apo B and triglyceride levels. In the group with moderate occupational energy expenditure, the concentration of serum triglycerides was lower, but that of high-density lipoprotein was higher. Moderate energy expenditure (less than 1700 kcal day-1) from leisure-time physical activity was positively related to total antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity. However, heavy occupational physical activity may be not beneficial for the cardiovascular system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that leisure-time, moderate occupational and household physical activity levels decreased risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhon Shan University (North Campus), 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhaomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007899:Leisure Activities; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D014280:Triglycerides