title: Viscoanesthesia. Part III: removal time of OVD/viscoanesthetic solutions from the capsular bag of postmortem human eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and evaluate the removal time of various ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD)/viscoanesthetic solutions containing sodium hyaluronate 1.5% with different concentrations of lidocaine (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.65%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six postmortem human eyes were prepared per the Miyake-Apple posterior video technique. Capsulorhexis, hydrodissection/delineation, and nuclear emulsification were performed, followed by thorough cleaning of the capsular bag using an irrigation/aspiration (I/A) tip. The time and ease of removal of 4 solutions from the capsular bag were evaluated. The solutions were Ophthalin Plus (sodium hyaluronate, 15 mg/mL) and sodium hyaluronate 15 mg/mL mixed with lidocaine 0.5%, lidocaine 1.0%, and lidocaine 1.65%. The solutions were dyed with fluorescein to enhance visualization. After the capsular bag was filled with 1 of the solutions, a posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted. The solution was then aspirated using an automated I/A device set at 250 mm Hg of aspiration. The time required to remove most and then all the material was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time required for removal of most of the Ophthalin Plus, viscoanesthesia 0.5%, viscoanesthesia 1%, and viscoanesthesia 1.65% solutions was 8.7 seconds +/- 2.1 (SD), 7.7 +/- 1.1 seconds, 9.7 +/- 0.6 seconds, and 6.3 +/- 1.5 seconds, respectively (P =.1). The mean time to remove all the solutions was 21.3 +/- 3.2 seconds, 19.7 +/- 2.5 seconds, 18.3 +/- 3.2 seconds, and 15.7 +/- 2.1 seconds, respectively (P =.166). No subjective difference in viscosity or consistency was found among the solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of lidocaine to the OVD solution did not significantly alter the viscosity or consistency of the solution or change its removal time from the capsular bag.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Ocular Therapeutics and Biodevices, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Izak
authors.forename: Rupal H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Tamer A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Macky
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019923:Capsulorhexis; D020878:Device Removal; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000187:drug effects*; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008012:Lidocaine