title: Human recombinant endopeptidase PHEX has a strict S1' specificity for acidic residues and cleaves peptides derived from fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein.
abstract: The PHEX gene (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) encodes a protein (PHEX) with structural homologies to members of the M13 family of zinc metallo-endopeptidases. Mutations in the PHEX gene are responsible for X-linked hypophosphataemia in humans. However, the mechanism by which loss of PHEX function results in the disease phenotype, and the endogenous PHEX substrate(s) remain unknown. In order to study PHEX substrate specificity, combinatorial fluorescent-quenched peptide libraries containing o -aminobenzoic acid (Abz) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) as the donor-acceptor pair were synthesized and tested as PHEX substrates. PHEX showed a strict requirement for acidic amino acid residues (aspartate or glutamate) in S(1)' subsite, with a strong preference for aspartate. Subsites S(2)', S(1) and S(2) exhibited less defined specificity requirements, but the presence of leucine, proline or glycine in P(2)', or valine, isoleucine or histidine in P(1) precluded hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme. The peptide Abz-GFSDYK(Dnp)-OH, which contains the most favourable residues in the P(2) to P(2)' positions, was hydrolysed by PHEX at the N-terminus of aspartate with a k(cat)/ K(m) of 167 mM(-1) x s(-1). In addition, using quenched fluorescence peptides derived from fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein sequences flanked by Abz and N -(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine, we showed that these physiologically relevant proteins are potential PHEX substrates. Finally, our results clearly indicate that PHEX does not have neprilysin-like substrate specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Izaura Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Loisel
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crine
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.forename: Adriana K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Carmona
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017674:Hypophosphatemia / Q000235:genetics; D007700:Kinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053402:PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D011392:Proline; D010450:Endopeptidases; D053402:PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase; C506231:PHEX protein, human; D007930:Leucine; D005998:Glycine