title: Prognostic significance of changes in short-term prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen after androgen withdrawal in men with metastatic prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer although progression to androgen independence is inevitable. To evaluate prognostic factors in metastatic prostate cancer, patients who had been treated with endocrine therapy were investigated especially for the change in prostate volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with untreated metastatic prostate cancer who received endocrine therapy were included in the present study. Blood chemistry, histological grade, extent of bony metastasis, clinical response to hormone therapy including the short-term change in prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prognosis of the patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With univariate analysis, hemoglobin concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), histological grade, extent of bony disease, the short-term change of prostate volume and response of PSA at 3 months were shown to be significant prognostic factors. Response of PSA, LDH and the change in prostate volume were significant for predicting prognosis with multivariate analyses. Five-year survival rate in patients whose prostate had regressed 20% or more at 1 month and whose PSA had been normalized at 3 months was 67%, whereas that in patients whose prostate had regressed less than 20% and whose PSA had not been normalized was 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients in whom PSA had not been normalized at 3 months and the prostate volume had regressed less than 20% at 1 month were in the high-risk group. New or more aggressive treatment should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. furuyayu@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagakawa
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D002715:Chlormadinone Acetate; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D005485:Flutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen