title: Formation of reactive oxygen species in rat epithelial cells upon stimulation with fly ash.
abstract: Fly ash was used as a model for ambient particulate matter which is under suspicion to cause adverse pulmonary health effects. The fly ash was pre-sized and contained only particles < 20 microm including an ultrafine fraction (< 100 nm) that contributed 31% to the particle number. In our study, we investigated the influence of fly ash on the promotion of early inflammatory reactions like the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat lung epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). Furthermore, we determined the formation of nitric oxide (NO). The cells show a clear dose-response relationship concerning the formation of ROS with regard to the mass of particles applied. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) added as a co-stimulus did not increase the formation of ROS induced by fly ash. Furthermore, in LPS (0.1 microg/ml) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 1 ng/ml) pre-treated cells no increase in reactive oxygen species comparable to fly ash alone is observable. In presence of the metal chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), ROS formation can be significantly reduced. Neither fly ash nor LPS induced a significant NO release in RLE-6TN cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, katja.voelkel@itg.fzk.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Voelkel
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diabaté
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D060729:Coal Ash; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D060729:Coal Ash; D003470:Culture Media; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002244:Carbon; D003676:Deferoxamine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate