title: The timing of electroconvulsive therapy and bispectral index after anesthesia induction using different drugs does not affect seizure duration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between bispectral index (BIS) and seizure duration obtained by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administered sooner or later after anesthetic induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine ASA physical status I, II, and III patients undergoing a total of 31 ECTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECT was administered soon (<210 sec) or later (between 210 sec and 360 sec) after anesthetic induction. In each individual patient, drug regimens and ECT machine settings were identical.
  
  
  METHODS
  BIS immediately before the start of the ECT and the duration of the EEG seizure were recorded, as well as the time period between loss of consciousness and ECT administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no relationship between BIS level and seizure duration. Moreover, seizure duration was not dependent on the time of ECT administration in the time window between one and 6 minutes after loss of consciousness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypnotic drug effect measured by the BIS is not correlated to the seizure duration obtained by ECT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA. hlemmens@leland.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Harry J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Chuck
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Debattista
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brock-Utne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D000777:Anesthetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005045:Etomidate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D008723:Methohexital; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D013874:Thiopental
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008723:Methohexital; D013874:Thiopental; D005045:Etomidate