title: The fragilis interferon-inducible gene family of transmembrane proteins is associated with germ cell specification in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specification of primordial germ cells in mice depends on instructive signalling events, which act first to confer germ cell competence on epiblast cells, and second, to impose a germ cell fate upon competent precursors. fragilis, an interferon-inducible gene coding for a transmembrane protein, is the first gene to be implicated in the acquisition of germ cell competence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we describe four additional fragilis-related genes, fragilis2-5, which are clustered within a 68 kb region in the vicinity of the fragilis locus on Chr 7. These genes exist in a number of mammalian species, which in the human are also clustered on the syntenic region on Chr 11. In the mouse, fragilis2 and fragilis3, which are proximate to fragilis, exhibit expression that overlaps with the latter in the region of specification of primordial germ cells. Using single cell analysis, we confirm that all these three fragilis-related genes are predominant in nascent primordial germ cells, as well as in gonadal germ cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Fragilis family of interferon-inducible genes is tightly associated with germ cell specification in mice. Furthermore, its evolutionary conservation suggests that it probably plays a critical role in all mammals. Detailed analysis of these genes may also elucidate the role of interferons as signalling molecules during development.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK. ucl20@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitou
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Western
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Surani
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C462181:fragilis protein, mouse; C479378:fragilis2 protein, mouse; C479379:fragilis3 protein, mouse