title: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of internal modulation of an external visual cue for motor execution.
abstract: The strategy to perform a task differs according to how a cue is interpreted. In order to investigate the basic mechanisms of temporal regulation in the higher motor areas, the interaction between two different types of internal modulations of an external visual cue was evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An opposing finger movement task guided by dot prompting was employed. In the intermittent tapping experiment, two taps per second and a rest for one second were alternatively repeated in the task blocks. In the constant tapping experiments, the volunteers performed finger movements at 0.5, 1 or 2 Hz. The activation in the primary sensory motor area correlated with the amount of movement. Activities in the supplementary motor area, left dorsal pre-motor area, left superior parietal lobule and right cerebellum depended on the demand for internal modulation. Activation in these areas was maximum for the intermittent task which was a combination of two different internal modulations, and minimum for the 1 Hz movement that did not require internal modulation. It was suggested that these four areas are directly involved in the generation of a complex movement sequence driven by a visual cue, and they are organized for performance. The translation of external pacing and initiation for self-pacing may share the same neuronal basis. Activation in the left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral frontal operticula and basal ganglia did not depend on the combination of the two internal modulations.
authors.affiliation: Medical Vision Laboratory, Life Electronics Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan. t-nakai@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Kayako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*