title: Importance of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the annual nitrogen budget of the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina.
abstract: Wet deposition of nitrogen, as NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), and organic N, contributes up to 50% of the total externally supplied or 'new' N flux to the Neuse River Estuary (North Carolina). Excessive nitrogen (N) loading to N-sensitive waters such as the Neuse River Estuary has been linked to changes in microbial and algal community composition and function (harmful algal blooms), hypoxia/anoxia, and fish kills. In a 4-year study from July 1996 to July 2000, the weekly wet deposition of NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), and dissolved organic N was calculated, based on concentration and precipitation measurements, at 11 sites on a northwest-southeast transect in the watershed. Data from this period indicate that the annual mean total wet atmospherically deposited (AD)-N flux was 11 kg ha(-1) year(-1). Deposition was fairly evenly distributed between nitrate, ammonium, and organics (32%, 32%, and 36%, respectively). Seasonally, the summer (June-August) months contained the highest weekly wet total N deposition; this trend was not driven by precipitation amount. Estimates of watershed N retention and in-stream riverine processing revealed that the AD-N flux contributed an estimated 20% (range of 15-51%) of the total 'new' N flux to the estuary, with direct deposition of N to the estuary surface accounting for 6% of the total 'new' N flux. This study did not measure the dry depositional flux, which may double the contribution of AD-N to the estuary. The AD-N is an important source of 'new' N to the Neuse River Estuary as well as other estuarine and coastal ecosystems downwind of major emission sources. As such, AD-N should be included in effective nutrient mitigation and management efforts for these N-sensitive waters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 220 Hinds Hall, 13244, Syracuse, NY, USA. drwhital@syr.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whitall
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paerl
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005068:Eutrophication; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009657:North Carolina; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009584:Nitrogen