title: Melatonin inhibits growth of diethylstilbestrol-induced prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor in vitro: possible involvement of nuclear RZR/ROR receptors.
abstract: Melatonin exerts a marked antiproliferative action in numerous experimentally-induced tumors in vivo as well as in both animal and human cell lines in vitro. However, the mechanisms of oncostatic action of melatonin is not clear, and the involvement of both membrane and nuclear receptors are suggested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of melatonin, and both agonist (CGP 52608), and antagonist (CGP 55644) of RZR/ROR nuclear receptors on the growth of diethylstilbestrol-induced rat prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor cells in vitro. Pituitary tumors were induced by subcutaneous implantation of a single silastic capsule containing 10 mg of diethylstilbestrol in 4-wk-old male Fischer 344 rats. Four months after the implantation of capsules the animals were killed by decapitation, pituitary tumors were aseptically removed, mechanically dispersed, and enzymatically digested with 0.2% collagenase and 0.2% hyaluronidase. The cells (6 x 105 cells/well) were incubated for 24 hr in the presence of melatonin, CGP 52608, CGP 55644 and CGP 55644 plus melatonin (at the concentrations of 107 and 10-9 m) at 37 degrees C in the humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. The group with the addition of solvent only served as control. The growth of cell was measured using the EZ4U system. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Both melatonin and CGP 52608 significantly suppressed growth of tumor cells in vitro in both used concentrations. CGP 55644 stimulated growth of tumor cells and blocked the inhibitory effects of melatonin in vitro. Results of the present study as well as other experimental evidence strongly support the hypothesis that both membrane and nuclear receptors are involved in the oncostatic action of melatonin, and indicate that nuclear signalling plays an important role in this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electron Microscopy, Chair of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. karasek@csk.am.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karasek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruszka
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lawnicka
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunert-Radek
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlikowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D013844:Thiazoles; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones; D015534:Trans-Activators; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; C092451:CGP 52608; D011388:Prolactin; D008550:Melatonin