title: Microarray analysis uncovers the induction of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim in multiple models of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Despite being one of the earliest recognized and most clinically relevant forms of apoptosis, little is known about the transcriptional events that mediate glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify the pattern of dexamethasone-induced changes in gene expression in two well characterized models of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, the murine lymphoma cell lines S49.A2 and WEHI7.2. Dexamethasone treatment induced a diverse set of gene changes that evolved over a 24-h period preceding the onset of cell death. These include previously reported changes in the expression of genes regulating prosurvival signals mediated by c-Myc and NFkappaB. Unexpectedly, we discovered that glucocorticoid treatment increases expression of the gene encoding Bim, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family that is capable of directly activating the apoptotic cascade. Induction of Bim was confirmed by immunoblotting not only in S49.A2 and WEHI7.2 cells but also in the human leukemia cell line CEM-C7 and in primary murine thymocytes. All three prototypical isoforms of Bim (BimEL, BimL, and BimS) were induced by dexamethasone. Because elevated expression of Bim initiates the execution phase of cell death, this report that Bim is induced by dexamethasone provides novel insight into the mechanism through which glucocorticoid-mediated changes in gene expression induce apoptosis in lymphoid cells.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.forename: Clark W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Distelhorst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone