title: Altered expression of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein and its homologue, ankyrin repeat protein with PEST and proline-rich region, in atrophic muscles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, CARP, is a protein that is restrictedly expressed in the heart but barely expressed in skeletal muscles. Since CARP is induced by pressure overload to the heart, it is proposed to be a genetic marker for cardiac hypertrophy. We recently identified a novel protein, ankyrin repeat protein with PEST and proline-rich region (ARPP), which is homologous to CARP and is preferentially expressed in type 1 skeletal muscle fibers (cf. slow fibers). We also found that both ARPP and CARP expression is induced in experimentally denervated skeletal muscles in mice. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that their expression may be induced in skeletal muscles in neurodegenerating disease. This work aimed to determine the expression pattern of ARPP and CARP in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of ARPP and CARP in skeletal muscles of 9 ALS cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that CARP was aberrantly expressed in atrophic skeletal muscle fibers in ALS. Although ARPP-positive fibers were randomly scattered in a checkerboard-like pattern in normal skeletal muscle, this pattern was absent in ALS muscles. Furthermore, we also found that ARPP was expressed in fast myosin heavy chain-positive fibers (cf. type 2 fiber).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that type-specific expression patterns of ARPP and CARP are altered in skeletal muscles of ALS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Neurological Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shomori
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohama
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism*; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C491304:ANKRD1 protein, human; C432364:ANKRD2 protein, human; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D011392:Proline