title: Preservation of rat skeletal muscle energy metabolism by illumination.
abstract: Skeletal muscle viability is crucially dependent on the tissue levels of its high energy phosphates. In this study we investigated the effect of the preservation medium Perfadex and illumination with Singlet Oxygen Energy (SOE). Singlet oxygen can be produced photochemically by energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer. The energy emitted from singlet oxygen upon relaxation to its triplet state is captured as photons at 634 nm and is here referred to as SOE. Rat hind limb rectus femoris muscles were preserved for five hours at 22 degrees C in Perfadex, saline, SOE illuminated Perfadex or SOE illuminated saline. Extracts of the muscles were analysed by 31P NMR. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and are given as mean values micromol/g dry weight) +/- SEM. The ATP concentration was higher (p = 0.006) in saline groups (4.52) compared with Perfadex groups (2.82). There was no statistically significant difference in PCr between the saline groups (1.25) and Perfadex groups (0.82). However, there were higher (p = 0.003) ATP in the SOE illuminated groups (4.61) compared with the non-illuminated groups (2.73). The PCr was also higher (p < 0.0001) in the SOE illuminated groups (1.89) compared with the non-illuminated groups (0.18). In conclusion, Perfadex in this experimental model was incapable of preserving the high energy phosphates in skeletal muscle during 5 hours of ischemia. Illumination with SOE at 634 nm improved the preservation potential, in terms of a positive effect on the energy status of the muscle cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Bioenergetics Group, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Götenborg University, S-143-45 Götenborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindgård
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rakotonirainy
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elander
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soussi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate / Q000032:analysis; D006614:Hindlimb; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate / Q000032:analysis; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000032:analysis; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; C070005:Perfadex; D010710:Phosphates; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D012996:Solutions; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate