title: Inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of moderate persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a randomized controlled, multicenter trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves oxygenation and reduces the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The effectiveness of iNO in the treatment of moderate PPHN has not been adequately defined. We therefore conducted a randomized, prospective multicenter study to assess whether iNO in patients with moderate PPHN would improve arterial p(a)O(2), prevent progression to severe PPHN, and improve outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants > or = 34 weeks gestation with moderate pulmonary hypertension (alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO(2)) 500-599 Torr) were randomly assigned to continue standard medical therapy (control group) or standard medical therapy plus iNO (iNO group). For each patient in the iNO group, iNO concentration was increased in steps of 10-20 ppm every 30 minutes until there was no further improvement in arterial p(a)O(2). This concentration of iNO was then maintained while all other ventilatory support, including inspired oxygen concentration, was weaned according to a predefined protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 27 of 40 control patients (58%) compared to six of 40 infants (15%) in the iNO group failed assigned therapy and developed severe PPHN (p<0.0005). Arterial p(a)O(2) improved from 112+/-48 to 133+/-100 (p=0.132) in control infants compared to an increase from 101+/-29 to 208+/-118 (p<0.0005) in iNO-treated patients. For the first 36 hours after study, entry AaDO(2) levels and ventilatory support were significantly lower in iNO-treated infants compared to control patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with moderate PPHN, treatment with iNO improves arterial p(a)O(2), reduces the amount of ventilatory support needed, and prevents progression to severe PPHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: H Farouk
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mantych
authors.forename: Raghbir S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Benawra
authors.forename: Uday P
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Devaskar
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hocker
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide