title: LPA protects intestinal epithelial cells from apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway.
abstract: We previously showed (Gastroenterology 123: 206-216, 2002) that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) protects and rescues rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) from apoptosis. Here, we provide evidence for the LPA-elicited inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to attenuation of caspase-3 activation. Pretreatment of IEC-6 cells with LPA inhibited campothecin-induced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. A caspase-9 inhibitor peptide mimicked the LPA-elicited antiapoptotic activity. LPA elicited ERK1/ERK2 and PKB/Akt phosphorylation. The LPA-elicited antiapoptotic activity and inhibition of caspase-9 activity were abrogated by pertussis toxin, PD 98059, wortmannin, and LY 294002. LPA reduced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and prevented activation of caspase-9. LPA prevented translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria and increased the expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein. LPA had no effect on Bcl-xl, Bad, and Bak mRNA or protein expression. These data indicate that LPA protects IEC-6 cells from camptothecin-induced apoptosis through G(i)-coupled inhibition of caspase-3 activation mediated by the attenuation of caspase-9 activation due to diminished cytochrome c release, involving upregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression and prevention of Bax translocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Wenlin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: De-An
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gosmanova
authors.forename: Leonard R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tigyi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D020169:Caspases; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D002166:Camptothecin