title: Nitric oxide synthase in the external urethral sphincter of the sheep: immunohistochemical and functional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the effects of nitric oxide (NO) modulating drugs on contractile function of the external urethral sphincter of lambs. Gender differences were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal and transverse sections of the external urethral sphincter from 10 female and 10 male lambs were studied using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry and nNOS immunocytochemistry. Isometric contractile responses to electrical field stimulation were recorded from external urethral sphincter preparations from 47 female and 45 male lambs and the effects of NO modulating drugs were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected nNOS in the sarcolemma of some but not all striated fibers, where nNOS seems to be concentrated at the neuromuscular junction. In addition, nNOS was present in nerve fibers and intramural ganglia. The density of innervation decreased toward the distal part of the external urethral sphincter and was higher in male preparations. No significant functional effects of the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (10 mM.) or the NO donors diethylamine and spermine NONOate (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) (5 mM. each) on external urethral sphincter isometric contractility were found in either gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the evidence for nNOS at the sarcolemma and nerve fibers of the external urethral sphincter the physiological relevance of these immunohistochemical findings remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Veterinary School, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juncal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Soriano
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martín-Palacios
authors.forename: Elisia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Veiga
authors.forename: Domingo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Triguero
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Pascual
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012756:Sheep; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase