Update on Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an important pathogen of periodontitis in young individuals. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen of severe adult periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis can be transmitted from family member to family member and may cause periodontitis in the recipient individual. In the USA, A. actinomycetemcomitans occurs more frequently in Hispanics and Asians than in Caucasians. P. gingivalis is more common in Hispanics, Asians and Blacks than in Caucasians. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis strains differ in genotype, serotype, toxin and enzyme production, and cellular invasiveness. Variation in virulence may help explain differing clinical outcomes of periodontal A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis infections. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis cannot be eradicated from the great majority of deep periodontal pockets by mechanical debridement alone. A. actinomycetemcomitans may be removed from subgingival sites by adjunctive systemic amoxicillin-metronidazole or other appropriate antibiotic therapies. Subgingival eradication of P. gingivalis may require periodontal surgery as well as antibiotic therapy.
Slots
J
J
Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA. jslots@worldnet.att.net
D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005006:Ethnicity; D005192:Family Health; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D016745:Root Planing; D012703:Serotyping; D014481:United States; D014774:Virulence
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents