title: Retinoic acid-induced developmental defects are mediated by RARbeta/RXR heterodimers in the pharyngeal endoderm.
abstract: Fusion and hypoplasia of the first two branchial arches, a defect typically observed in retinoic acid (RA) embryopathy, is generated in cultured mouse embryos upon treatment with BMS453, a synthetic compound that exhibits retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) agonistic properties in transfected cells. By contrast, no branchial arch defects are observed following treatment with synthetic retinoids that exhibit RARalpha or RARgamma agonistic properties. The BMS453-induced branchial arch defects are mediated through RAR activation, as they are similar to those generated by a selective pan-RAR agonist, are prevented by a selective pan-RAR antagonist and cannot be mimicked by exposure to a pan-RXR agonist alone. They are enhanced in the presence of a pan-RXR agonist, and cannot be generated in Rarb-null embryos. Furthermore, they are accompanied, in the morphologically altered region, by ectopic expression of Rarb and of several other direct RA target genes. Therefore, craniofacial abnormalities characteristic of the RA embryopathy are mediated through ectopic activation of RARbeta/RXR heterodimers, in which the ligand-dependent activity of RXR is subordinated to that of RARbeta. Endodermal cells lining the first two branchial arches respond to treatment with the RARbeta agonist, in contrast to neural crest cells and ectoderm, which suggests that a faulty endodermal regionalization is directly responsible for RA-induced branchial arch dysmorphologies. Additionally, we provide the first in vivo evidence that the synthetic RARbeta agonist BMS453 exhibits an antagonistic activity on the two other RAR isotypes.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Collège de France, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matt
authors.forename: Norbert B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ghyselinck
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wendling
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chambon
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000196:embryology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004707:Endoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D012176:Retinoids; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014212:Tretinoin; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; C402892:BMS453