title: Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD-repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate.
abstract: Macroautophagy is the major intracellular degradation system delivering cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole. We have shown that, in yeast and mammalian cells, the Apg12-Apg5 protein conjugate, which is formed by a ubiquitin-like system, is essential for autophagosome formation. In yeast, the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate interacts with a small coiled-coil protein, Apg16, to form a approximately 350 kDa multimeric complex. We demonstrate that the mouse Apg12-Apg5 conjugate forms a approximately 800 kDa protein complex containing a novel WD-repeat protein. Because the N-terminal region of this novel protein shows homology with yeast Apg16, we have designated it mouse Apg16-like protein (Apg16L). Apg16L, however, has a large C-terminal domain containing seven WD repeats that is absent from yeast Apg16. Apg16L interacts with both Apg5 and additional Apg16L monomers; neither interaction, however, depends on the WD-repeat domain. In conjunction with Apg12-Apg5, Apg16L associates with the autophagic isolation membrane for the duration of autophagosome formation. Because these features are similar to yeast Apg16, we concluded Apg16L is the functional counterpart of the yeast Apg16. We also found that membrane targeting of Apg16L requires Apg5 but not Apg12. Because WD-repeat proteins provide a platform for protein-protein interactions, the approximately 800 kDa complex is expected to function in autophagosome formation, further interacting with other proteins in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan. nmizu@nibb.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizushima
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuma
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akitsugu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsubae
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimori
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: C498649:ATG16 protein, S cerevisiae; C491971:Atg12 protein, mouse; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C498650:SAP18 protein, human; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C498651:Sap18 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases