title: The interobserver reliability and validity of volume calculation from three-dimensional ultrasound datasets in the in vitro setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this validation study was to determine the interobserver reliability and validity of measurements of phantom objects of known volume using conventional and rotational techniques of volume calculation according to measurement technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two observers each acquired a single three-dimensional ultrasound dataset of three water-filled objects of different size and shape. The same two observers measured all six datasets using both the conventional technique and the newer rotational technique (Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis, VOCAL( trade mark )) of volume calculation. Reliability was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and validity by examining the percentage difference from the 'true' volume, as determined by a water displacement technique, by the limits of agreement method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the techniques were highly reliable (ICC: 0.9962-0.9997) and valid to within 4% of the 'true' volumes. There were no significant differences in reliability according to measurement plane or between observers. Measurements made with the 6 degrees rotation step were significantly more reliable than those made by all other techniques with the exception of the 9 degrees rotation step (P < 0.05) and significantly more valid than those made with the 30 degrees rotation step or conventional technique (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volume calculation in the in vitro setting is both reliable and valid but is dependent upon the technique applied, with rotational measurements of volume proving superior to conventional techniques.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Development, Academic Division of Reproductive Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. nick.fenning@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Raine-Fenning
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Clewes
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bunkheila
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*