title: A randomized trial of insulin aspart with intensified basal NPH insulin supplementation in people with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin aspart has been shown to improve post-prandial and overall glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that insulin aspart with intensified basal NPH insulin supplementation would result in better overall glycaemic control than human regular insulin with standard basal NPH insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The trial was conducted in 43 centres in seven countries. People with Type 1 diabetes were randomized to mealtime insulin aspart with up to four daily NPH doses if meals were > 5 h apart and a 25% increase in bedtime NPH dose (n = 187), or to mealtime human unmodified insulin with once or twice daily basal NPH insulin (n = 181). Efficacy and safety were evaluated at 12 weeks (primary evaluation period) and 64 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 and 64 weeks there was no statistically significant difference in HbA1c between the insulin aspart and regular insulin groups: -0.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.23, +0.05)% and -0.14 (-0.32, +0.04)%. Post-prandial glucose values were lower and the area under the 24-h self-monitored blood glucose curve above 7.0 mmol/l was 28% smaller with insulin aspart (35.2 +/- 3.2 vs. 48.9 +/- 3.1 mmol/l h, P = 0.0015). No significant differences were found in mild or severe hypoglycaemia, or adverse event rate. At 64 weeks treatment satisfaction was higher in the insulin aspart group (difference 1.57 (95% CI 0.49, 2.64) points, P = 0.004), while quality of life was not different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved post-prandial glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction with insulin aspart were confirmed. Intensifying basal insulin supplementation resulted in a similar HbA1c decrement as previously found with the use of insulin aspart and standard NPH insulin supplementation. This does not support routinely basal NPH insulin intensification when using rapid-acting insulin analogues in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. j.h.devries@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: DeVries
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Home
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting