title: mRNA expression of the five membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases MT1-MT5 in human prostatic cell lines and their down-regulation in human malignant prostatic tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) 1-5 in the human prostatic cell lines BPH-1, LNCaP, DU 145, PC-3, in malignant and non-malignant prostatic tissue samples, and in epithelial cells cultured from these tissue samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched malignant and non-malignant tissue specimens were obtained from 12 men with untreated prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy. Expression of mRNA for the five MT-MMPs was quantified by real-time PCR technique and normalized to the expression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of the five MT-MMPs was distinctly different not only between the prostate cell lines but also varied in the same cell line. There was a general higher expression of all MT-MMPs except for MT3-MMP in the androgen-insensitive cells DU 145 and PC-3 compared with that in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells. Their relatively high expression in the benign prostatic cell line BPH-1 and also in the primary cell cultures from malignant and non-malignant tissue samples argues against a simple association between MT-MMP expression and invasiveness. In malignant tissue samples and their corresponding cell cultures, the expression of most MT-MMPs was down-regulated in comparison to the normal counterparts. There was no correlation between tumor classification data and the MT-MMP expression results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to other carcinoma, the down-regulation of most MT-MMPs is typical for prostate carcinoma. It seems to occur mainly in epithelial cells and has to be examined as special characteristic of this tumor entity in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. monika.jung@charite.de
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Römer
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keyszer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lein
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schnorr
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053513:Matrix Metalloproteinase 16; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C507102:MMP16 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C402225:MMP17 protein, human; C492243:MMP24 protein, human; D053513:Matrix Metalloproteinase 16; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases