title: Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study.
abstract: Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non-typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine.
authors.affiliation: CDC Mailstop A-35, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. LCA6@CDC.GOV
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nwanyanwu
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kazembe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mwansambo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobbie
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Reller
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003470:Culture Media; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012621:Seasons; D014376:Tuberculosis; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D003470:Culture Media