title: Basic peptides as functional components of non-viral gene transfer vehicles.
abstract: Improving the performance of non-viral gene-delivery vehicles that consist of synthetic compounds and nucleic acids is a key to successful gene therapy. Supplementing synthetic vehicles with various biological functions by using natural or artificial peptides is a promising approach with which to achieve this goal. One of the obstacles hindering this effort is that some of the potentially useful peptides, especially those with many basic amino acid residues, interfere with the formation of the complex owing to strong electrostatic interactions with the nucleic acid. In this review, we describe our recent work in examining the potential of these peptides in gene delivery, using a recombinant lambda phage particle as the model for the gene-delivery complex. Lambda phage encapsulates large duplex DNA in a rigid polyplex-like shell with a diameter of 55 nm, and can display various peptides on this capsid, independently of particle formation. By examining the expression of marker genes encapsulated in the phage capsid, we have demonstrated that the protein transduction domain of HIV Tat protein and the nuclear localization signal derived from SV40 T antigen can remarkably facilitate the delivery of these marker genes across the two major barriers, the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane, respectively. Our results indicate that these basic peptides can constitute effective components of synthetic gene-transfer complexes, as long as sufficient copies are displayed on the outer surface of the complex.
authors.affiliation: Gene Function Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan. mahito-nakanishi@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Mahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akuta
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagoshi
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005544:Forecasting; D015870:Gene Expression; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D010455:Peptides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D004247:DNA