title: Pretreatment total testosterone level predicts pathological stage in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the last decade numerous groups have shown that low levels of pretreatment serum total testosterone consistently predict more aggressive disease, worse prognosis and worse treatment response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Prior studies have not demonstrated this same correlation in patients with known localized disease. We rigorously tested pretreatment total testosterone levels as a potential staging and prognostic marker in a large cohort of 879 patients with localized cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 879 patients treated with radical prostatectomy between January 1, 1986 and June 30, 2002 from 9 hospital sites. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the relationship of pretreatment testosterone to other variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess clinical predictors of extraprostatic disease. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Cox regression analysis were used to assess predictors of biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with non-organ confined prostate cancer (pT3-T4) showed significantly lower pretreatment total testosterone levels than those with organ confined cancer (pT1-T2) (nonparametric p = 0.041). In multivariate analysis pretreatment total testosterone emerged as a significant independent predictor of extraprostatic disease (p = 0.046). Total testosterone was not a significant predictor of biochemical (prostate specific antigen) recurrence (p = 0.467).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment total testosterone was an independent predictor of extraprostatic disease in patients with localized prostate cancer. As testosterone decreases patients have an increased likelihood of non-organ confined disease. Low testosterone was not predictive of biochemical recurrence, although trends observed dictate study in larger cohorts with mature followup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Center for Prostatic Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Massengill
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Judd W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moul
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amling
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lance
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soderdahl
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Donahue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen