title: The treatment and functional outcome of type IV coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus: a retrospective review of five cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the treatment method and outcome of 5 cases of type IV coronal shear fractures of the distal end of the humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with an isolated type IV coronal shear fracture of the distal end of the humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures utilizing Herbert screws, through a modified extensile lateral Kocher approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional elbow index rating scale of Broberg-Morrey, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, subjective satisfaction rate and subjective functional limitations, and radiographic evaluation of the operated elbows for the presence or absence of osteonecrosis and degenerative joint disease changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follow-up time ranged from 39 to 50 months. All fractures healed within 6 to 9 weeks. The latest radiographic evaluation revealed mild degenerative joint disease changes in 1 patient and osteonecrosis of the coronal shear fragment in another. None of the patients reported pain even during strenuous activities, and none had clinical findings or subjective complaints suggesting instability of the elbow joint. Four patients regained full range of elbow motion compared with the contralateral elbow, and only 1 had a 10 degrees extension lag. The muscle strength of the major muscle groups of the operated elbow was equal to that of the uninjured elbow when tested clinically. No patient reported limitations in activities, and all indicated complete satisfaction with their outcome. According to the Broberg-Morrey scale and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, all results were excellent, with scores ranging from 98 to 100 points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of this particular type of injury, prompt treatment with anatomic reduction and internal fixation, and early rehabilitation can lead to excellent functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: General Army Hospital, Athens, Greece. lyn.camire@medstar.net
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamatis
authors.forename: Odysseas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paxinos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D033081:Shear Strength; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices