title: Does exercise training interfere with the effects of L-carnitine supplementation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on carnitine content in muscle fiber, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism and on performance in trained rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats received a daily dose of 28 mg/kg, intragastrically, during the last 4 wk of a 6-wk moderate-intensity training program. The contents of carnitine and coenzyme A were evaluated in muscle fiber and its capacity to metabolize labeled glucose, oleate, and pyruvate. The ergogenic effect of the amine was assessed by the evaluation of time until exhaustion in an exercise session. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test, and significance was set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our model, carnitine supplementation increased time until exhaustion (14.0%), similar to that observed for trained rats, but the effect was even greater (30.3% increase) in the supplemented and trained rats. Carnitine supplementation increased oleate decarboxylation (17% for sedentary rats and 119% for trained rats) and decreased glucose (29.7% and 45% for sedentary and trained rats, respectively) and [2-(14)C ]-pyruvate (45.9% and 61% for sedentary and trained rats, respectively) decarboxylation. The flux of [1-(14)C]-pyruvate through the Krebs cycle increased by 32% and 70% for supplemented sedentary and trained rats, respectively. The training protocol also increased [1-(14)C]-pyruvate decarboxylation by 32%. The cytosolic content of free, long-chain, and short-chain acyl-carnitine increased in the soleus muscle obtained from supplemented sedentary rats by 28%, 117%, and 16%, respectively, and 99%, 205%, and 32% for the muscle from supplemented trained rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that carnitine supplementation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle by a mechanism that includes increasing total carnitine content in soleus muscle mitochondria and the total content of acyl-carnitine. The most interesting finding was that the effect of supplementation was even greater in trained rats that had received 3-wk supplementation of carnitine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reury F P
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bacurau
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Reinaldo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bassit
authors.forename: Marcela O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Meneguello
authors.forename: Ronaldo V T
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: André L R
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Luís F B P
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Costa Rosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D002331:Carnitine; D003065:Coenzyme A