title: Heregulin-beta1 regulates the estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression and activity via the ErbB2/PI 3-K/Akt pathway.
abstract: This study examines whether the serine/threonine protein kinase, Akt, is involved in the crosstalk between the ErbB2 and estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) pathways. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-9) M heregulin-beta1 (HRG-beta1) resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of Akt and a 15-fold increase in Akt activity. Akt phosphorylation was blocked by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K), by antiestrogens, the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, and by AG825, a selective ErbB2 inhibitor; but not by AG30, a selective EGFR inhibitor. Akt phosphorylation by HRG-beta1 was abrogated by an arginine to cysteine mutation (R25C) in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt, and HRG-beta1 did not induce Akt phosphorylation in the ER-negative variant of MCF-7, MCF-7/ADR. Transient transfection of ER-alpha into these cells restored Akt phosphorylation by HRG-beta1, suggesting the requirement of ER-alpha. HRG-beta1 did not activate Akt in MCF-7 cells stably transfected with an anti-ErbB2-targeted ribozyme, further confirming a role for ErbB2. Stable transfection of the cells with a dominant negative Akt or with the R25C-Akt mutant, as well as PI 3-K inhibitors, blocked the effect of HRG-beta1 on ER-alpha expression and activity and on the growth of MCF-7 cells. Stable transfection of MCF-7 cells with a constitutively active Akt mimicked the effect of HRG-beta1. Experiments employing selective ErbB inhibitors demonstrate that the effect of HRG-beta1 on ER-alpha expression and activity is also mediated by ErbB2 and not by EGFR, demonstrating that ErbB2 is the primary mediator of the effects of HRG-beta1 on ER-alpha regulation. Taken together, our data suggest that HRG-beta1, bound to the ErbB2 ErbB3 heterodimer, in the presence of membrane ER-alpha, interacts with and activates PI 3-K/Akt. Akt leads to nuclear ER-alpha phosphorylation, thereby altering its expression and transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Stoica
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wellstein
authors.forename: Elisha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Czubayko
authors.forename: Heinz-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoica
mesh_terms: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D006801:Humans; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C087230:heregulin beta1; C494918:AKT1 protein, human