title: Mechanism of the salutary effects of 17beta-estradiol following trauma-hemorrhage: direct downregulation of Kupffer cell proinflammatory cytokine production.
abstract: Kupffer cells have been reported as a major source of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-6, TNF-alpha), which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of trauma-hemorrhage. Previous studies have shown a protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on immune function and physiological responses following trauma-hemorrhage. In this study, we investigated whether 17beta-estradiol has a direct effect on Kupffer cell cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to trauma (midline laparotomy) and hemorrhage (35-40 mmHg for 90 min followed by fluid resuscitation) or sham operation. Two hours later, Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured with 17beta-estradiol in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Kupffer cell IL-6 and TNF-alpha production increased following trauma-hemorrhage. Incubation with 17beta-estradiol attenuated the production of IL-6 by cells from both sham and trauma-hemorrhage animals in a dose-dependent manner. The suppression of IL-6 production by 17beta-estradiol was paralleled by a decrease in mRNA levels. In contrast to IL-6, the effects of 17beta-estradiol on TNF-alpha production were minimal. In conclusion, these results indicate the direct downregulation of Kupffer cell IL-6 production by 17beta-estradiol at a molecular level, which might explain in part the previously observed salutary effects of estradiol treatment following trauma-hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Joachim F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kuebler
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsutani
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schwacha
authors.forename: Kirby I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: Irshad H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004958:Estradiol