title: Communication between NF-kappa B and Sp1 controls histone acetylation within the proximal promoter of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 gene.
abstract: The induction of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 gene (MCP-1) by TNF occurs through an NF-kappaB-dependent distal regulatory region and an Sp1-dependent proximal regulatory region that are separated by 2.2 kb of sequence. To investigate how these regions coordinate activation of MCP-1 in response to TNF, experiments were performed to examine the role of coactivators, changes in local chromatin structure, and the acetylation of histones at the MCP-1 regulatory regions. An E1a-sensitive coactivator was found to be required for expression. In vivo nuclease sensitivity assays identified changes in response to TNF at both the proximal and distal regions that were dependent on the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and Sp1. Chromatin immunoprecipitations used to analyze factor assembly and histone acetylation at the distal and proximal regions showed that Sp1 binding to and histone acetylation of the proximal region was dependent on NF-kappaB p65. Conversely, Sp1 assembly at the proximal region was required for p65 binding to and acetylation of the distal region, suggesting communication between the two regions during gene activation. These data and the NF-kappaB p65-dependent histone acetylation of a middle region sequence suggest a potential order for the assembly, acetylation and accessibility of the MCP-1 regulatory regions in response to TNF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Gunther H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Boekhoudt
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Guy W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Boss
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002999:Clone Cells; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000276:immunology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000276:immunology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002843:Chromatin; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; C494364:Crebbp protein, mouse