title: Cell and tissue reactions to mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is being widely used for root-end fillings, pulp capping, perforation repairs, and other endodontic procedures. MTA and Portland cement (PC) have many similar physical, chemical, and biologic properties. PC cement has shown promising potential as an endodontic material in several studies in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effect in vitro and the tissue reaction of MTA and Portland cement in bone implantation in the mandibles of guinea pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Millipore culture plate inserts with freshly mixed or set material were placed into the culture plates with already attached L929 cells. After an incubation period of 3 days, the cell morphology and cell counts were studied. Adult male guinea pigs under strict asepsis were anesthetized, during which a submandibular incision was made to expose the symphysis of the mandible. Bilateral bone cavities were prepared and Teflon applicators with freshly mixed materials were inserted into the bone cavities. Each animal received 2 implants, one filled with ProRoot and 1 with PC. The animals were killed after 2 or 12 weeks, and the tissues were processed for histologic evaluation by means of light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in cell reactions in vitro. Bone healing and minimal inflammatory response adjacent to ProRoot and PC implants were observed in both experimental periods, suggesting that both materials are well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA and PC show comparative biocompatibility when evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that PC has the potential to be used as a less expensive root-end filling material.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontology, 263 Farmington Ave MC-1715, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. djsaidon@aol.com
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saidon
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Larz S W
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Spångberg
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D048429:Cell Size; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate