title: Resting potential and submembrane calcium concentration of inner hair cells in the isolated mouse cochlea are set by KCNQ-type potassium channels.
abstract: Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce sound-induced vibrations into a receptor potential (RP) that controls afferent synaptic activity and, consequently, frequency and timing of action potentials in the postsynaptic auditory neurons. The RP is thought to be shaped by the two voltage-dependent K+ conductances, I(K,f) and I(K,s), that are carried by large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-dependent K+ (BK)- and K(V)-type K+ channels. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in the acutely isolated mouse cochlea, we show that IHCs display an additional K+ current that is active at the resting membrane potential (-72 mV) and deactivates on hyperpolarization. It is potently blocked by the KCNQ-channel blockers linopirdine and XE991 but is insensitive to tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, which inhibit I(K,f) and I(K,s), respectively. Single-cell PCR and immunocytochemistry showed expression of the KCNQ4 subunit in IHCs. In current-clamp experiments, block of the KCNQ current shifted the resting membrane potential by approximately 7 to -65 mV and led to a significant activation of BK channels. Using BK channels as an indicator for submembrane intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), it is shown that the shift in IHC resting potential observed after block of the KCNQ channels leads to an increase in [Ca2+]i to values > or =1 microm. In conclusion, KCNQ channels set the resting membrane potential of IHCs in the isolated organ of Corti and thus maintain [Ca2+]i at low levels. Destabilization of the resting potential and increase in [Ca2+]i, as may result from impaired KCNQ4 function in IHCs, provide a novel explanation for the progressive hearing loss (DFNA2) observed in patients with defective KCNQ4 genes.
authors.affiliation: Physiologisches Institut der Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. dominik.oliver@physiologie.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Marlies
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knipper
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derst
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fakler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006199:Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000378:metabolism; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels; C492167:Kcnq4 protein, mouse; C492166:Kcnq4 protein, rat; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D002118:Calcium