title: Neocortical temporal FDG-PET hypometabolism correlates with temporal lobe atrophy in hippocampal sclerosis associated with microscopic cortical dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), with or without cortical dysplasia (CD), is associated with atrophy of the hippocampal formation and regional fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) hypometabolism. The relation between areas of functional and structural abnormalities is not well understood. We investigate the relation between FDG-PET metabolism and temporal lobe (TL) and hippocampal atrophy in patients with histologically proven isolated HS and HS associated with CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients underwent en bloc resection of the mesial and anterolateral neocortical structures. Ten patients were diagnosed with isolated HS; 13 patients had associated microscopic CD. Temporal lobe volumes (TLVs) and hippocampal volumes were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET were co-registered, and regions of interest (ROIs) determined as gray matter of the mesial, lateral, and anterior temporal lobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients (HS with or without CD) had significant ipsilateral PET hypometabolism in all three regions studied (p < 0.0001). In patients with isolated HS, the most prominent hypometabolism was in the anterior and mesial temporal lobe, whereas in dual pathology, it was in the lateral temporal lobe. TLVs and hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller on the epileptogenic side (p < 0.05). The PET asymmetries ipsilateral/contralateral to the epileptogenic zone and TLV asymmetries correlated significantly for the anterior and lateral temporal lobes (p < 0.05) in the HS+CD group, but not in the isolated HS group. Mesial temporal hypometabolism was not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporal neocortical microscopic CD with concurrent HS is associated with more prominent lateral temporal metabolic dysfunction compared with isolated HS in TL atrophy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and correlate the PET hypometabolic patterns with outcome data in patients operated on for HS with or without CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. diehlb@ccf.org
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: LaPresto
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Najm
authors.forename: Shanker
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rona
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bingaman
authors.forename: Hans O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Lüders
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D011612:Psychosurgery; D012016:Reference Values; D012598:Sclerosis; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18