title: Upregulation of HMG1 leads to melanoma inhibitory activity expression in malignant melanoma cells and contributes to their malignancy phenotype.
abstract: Malignant transformation of melanocytes to melanoma cells closely parallels activation of melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) expression. We have previously shown that upregulation of MIA occurs on a transcriptional level and involves the highly conserved region (HCR) promoter element. We further observed that the HCR element interacts with the melanoma-associated transcription factor (MATF) and thereby confers strong promoter activation. In this study we identify the peptide sequence of MATF and show that it is identical with the transcription factor HMG1. HMG1 was upregulated in malignant melanoma cells and further activated by hypophosphorylation. Stable antisense-HMG1 expression in melanoma cells led to the reduction of MIA promoter activity and protein expression, indicating that HMG1 is a potent regulator of MIA expression. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift experiments indicated that HMG1 and the NF-kappa B family member p65 both interact and bind to the HCR promoter element. In summary, our study proves HMG1 and p65 to be important factors in MIA regulation and melanoma progression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poser
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golob
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buettner
authors.forename: Anja K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bosserhoff
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C090059:MIA protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm