title: Evaluation of a cardiac diagnostic program in a typical clinical setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Heart Disease Program (HDP) is a novel computerized diagnosis program incorporating a computer model of cardiovascular physiology. Physicians can enter standard clinical data and receive a differential diagnosis with explanations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the HDP and its usability by physicians in a typical clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study of the HDP in use by physicians in departments of medicine and cardiology of a teaching hospital. Data came from 114 patients with a broad range of cardiac disorders, entered by six physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Comprehensiveness: the proportion of final diagnoses suggested by the HDP or physicians for each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the proportion of HDP or physicians' diagnoses that are correct. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the HDP and the physicians. Performance was compared with a final diagnosis based on follow-up and further investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the final diagnoses, the HDP had a higher sensitivity (53.0% vs. 34.8%) and significantly higher comprehensiveness (57.2% vs. 39.5%, p < 0.0001) than the physicians. Physicians' PPV and relevance (56.2%, 56.0%) were higher than the HDP (25.4%, 28.1%). Combining the diagnoses of the physicians and the HDPs, sensitivity was 61.3% and comprehensiveness was 65.7%. These findings were significant in the two collection cohorts and for subanalysis of the most serious diagnoses. The AUCs were similar for the HDP and the physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heart disease program has the potential to improve the differential diagnoses of physicians in a typical clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Informatics Group, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. hamish@medg.lcs.mit.edu
authors.forename: Hamish S F
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Shapur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002309:Cardiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity