title: Potentiation of chemotherapeutic agents following antagonism of nuclear factor kappa B in human gliomas.
abstract: Future success using chemotherapy against human gliomas may result from exploiting unique molecular vulnerabilities of these tumors. Chemotherapy frequently results in DNA damage. When such damage is sensed by the cell, programmed cell death, or apoptosis, may be initiated. However, chemotherapy-induced DNA damage may activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and block apoptosis. We inhibited NF-kappaB using a gene therapy approach to determine whether this would render human glioma cells more susceptible to chemotherapy. U87 and U251 glioma cell lines were infected with either treatment adenovirus containing the gene for a mutant non-degradable form of IkappaBalpha, which is an inhibitor of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, or empty control virus. Following viral infection, cells were treated either with BCNU, carboplatin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), or SN-38. Chemotherapy resulted in a marked increase in active intranuclear NF-kappaB. This response was greatly decreased by insertion of the mutant repressor gene. Similarly, a significant increase in cell killing by all chemotherapy age was demonstrated following infection with treatment virus. Expression of the mutant repressor gene also resulted in increased apoptosis by TUNEL assay following chemotherapy. Numerous genes are responsible for glioma chemoresistance. DNA damage by chemotherapy may induce the antiapoptotic factor NF-kappaB and prevent programmed cell death. Insertion of a mutant inhibitor of NF-kappaB strips cells of this antiapoptotic defense and renders them more susceptible to killing by chemotherapy via increased apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7060, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeyeodu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.forename: Albert S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ewend
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002330:Carmustine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005910:Glioma / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000077146:Irinotecan; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D000077146:Irinotecan; D016190:Carboplatin; D002330:Carmustine; D002166:Camptothecin