title: Xerl is a secreted protein required for establishing the neural plate/neural crest boundary in Xenopus embryo.
abstract: We have previously isolated a CNS-specific gene, Xerl. The prospective amino acid sequence and functional analysis had shown that Xerl might act as the secretory protein for determining the neural plate/neural crest boundary. However, we had not yet characterized the Xerl protein. In the present study we examined the distribution and function of Xerl protein using anti-Xerl polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis revealed that Xerl exists as 150 kDa protein in soluble fraction from the neurula stage. In comparison with gene expression of Xerl, Xerl protein showed a diffusive distribution from the neural tissue to the neighboring notochord and somite. Immunostaining of endogenous Xerl protein and subcellular localization of GFP-tagged Xerl demonstrated the extracellular secretion of Xerl protein. With functional blocking by antibody injection, the injected anti-Xerl antibody caused an inhibitory effect on the neural plate formation, whereas neural crest formation was promoted in the antibody-injected embryo. These results suggest that Xerl is a secreted protein required for establishing the neural plate/neural crest boundary in Xenopus embryo.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan.
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C412368:CRB2 protein, Xenopus; D005136:Eye Proteins; D007106:Immune Sera; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029867:Xenopus Proteins