title: Diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in women with previous gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Spanish women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we aimed to study the progression to diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) and identify predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 696 women with GDM and 70 control women, glucose tolerance was evaluated postpartum and at 5-year intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the GDM group, the cumulative risk for diabetes and AGT was 13.8 and 42.4% after 11 years compared with 0 and 2.8% in control women, respectively (P < 0.05). Independent predictive factors for diabetes were previous hyperglycemia, four abnormal glucose values on the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or overt diabetes during pregnancy, 2-h blood glucose on the diagnostic OGTT >/=11.7 mmol/l, gestational age at diagnosis <24 weeks, and prepregnancy BMI >/=26.4 kg/m(2). All of these factors (some with different cutoff points) in addition to fasting glycemia were predictors of AGT also. The risk was nonlinear. Four abnormal glucose values on the diagnostic OGTT or overt diabetes during pregnancy was the strongest predictive factor for diabetes (relative risk 3.92), and prepregnancy BMI was the predictive factor with the highest attributable fraction in the whole group (13.3%). When first postpartum OGTT data were included in the analysis, predictors changed, but the overall prediction was similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spanish women with GDM have an increased risk of diabetes and AGT. Predictive factors display a nonlinear relationship. The strongest predictive factor for diabetes was four abnormal glucose values on the diagnostic OGTT or overt diabetes during pregnancy; the factor with the highest attributable fraction in the whole group was prepregnancy BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albareda
authors.forename: Agueda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Badell
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piquer
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Leiva
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corcoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001786:Blood Glucose