title: Promiscuous binding of proinsulin peptides to Type 1 diabetes-permissive and -protective HLA class II molecules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Presentation of peptide epitopes derived from beta-cell autoantigens, such as insulin and its precursor molecules, by MHC class II molecules to autoreactive T-cells is believed to play a role in the development of Type 1 diabetes. However, little is known about the interaction between peptides of (prepro)insulin and MHC class II molecules permissive and protective for Type 1 diabetes. In this study therefore, peptides spanning the human preproinsulin sequence were assessed for their binding characteristics to Type 1 diabetes-protective and -permissive HLA molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  HLA-DR2, -DQ6.2 (Type 1 diabetes-protective) and HLA-DR4, -DQ8 (Type 1 diabetes permissive) molecule binding affinity for overlapping synthetic 20mer peptides spanning human preproinsulin was measured in a direct competition binding assay against a biotinylated indicator peptide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All HLA molecules tested showed similarity in their binding characteristics across the preproinsulin molecule, with regions of the insulin A-chain showing the highest affinity and C-peptide regions the lowest affinity for all HLA molecules tested. Furthermore, an insulin peptide implicated as a major CD4+ T-cell target in disease pathogenesis (B9-23) had high affinity binding to both protective and permissive HLA molecules but did not represent the highest affinity region of (prepro)insulin identified in either case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that peptide binding affinity alone is unlikely to be the major determinant of disease susceptibility in relation to interactions between (prepro)insulin epitopes and HLA molecules. The identification of epitopes derived from beta-cell autoantigens that bind promiscuously to diabetes-permissive HLA molecules could be important in the design of peptide-based immunotherapeutic strategies for the prevention of Type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, 123 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Astill
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: T I M
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Tree
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peakman
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C063831:HLA-DQ6 antigen; C109756:HLA-DQ8 antigen; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011384:Proinsulin