title: Biased paternal transmission of SNAP-25 risk alleles in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting 5-10% of school-age children. Although the biological basis of this disorder is unknown, twin and family studies provide strong evidence that ADHD has a genetic basis involving multiple genes. A previous study found an association between ADHD and two polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SNAP-25, a gene encoding a synaptic vesicle docking protein known to play a role in the hyperactivity observed in the Coloboma mouse strain. In this paper, we test biased transmission of the 3' UTR SNAP-25 haplotype using a larger ADHD sample of 113 families with 207 affected children. Using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), we found a trend consistent with biased transmission of the TC haplotype of SNAP-25 in all transmissions and detected a significant distortion (P=0.027) when paternal transmissions were evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kustanovich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGough
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C494208:SNAP25 protein, human; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25