title: Haemolymph parameters of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with Taura syndrome virus.
abstract: Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were injected with Taura syndrome virus (TSV) to assess shrimp immune responses and survival. TSV-infected shrimp suffered high mortality, but mock-infected and untreated shrimp experienced no mortality. Moribund shrimp were a pale, reddish colour and were lethargic and soft-shelled. Their haemolymph was clear red and coagulated poorly. In TSV-infected shrimp, the total haemocyte count (THC), hyalinocyte and granulocyte counts, and total plasma protein decreased significantly to 21%, 24%, 17% and 56% of untreated control values, respectively. Haemocyanin decreased to 67%, and clottable proteins to 80% of control values (P< 0.01). Copper and calcium ions, haemocytic transglutaminase (TGase) activity and plasma growth inhibitory activity against Vibrio harveyi also decreased significantly. Generation of intrahaemocytic superoxide anion, O(-2), in TSV-infected shrimp was significantly greater (P< 0.05) than in both control groups, no matter whether glucan stimulated or unstimulated. But the relative increase of intrahaemocytic O(-2) generation in TSV-infected shrimp response to glucan stimulation was lower in both controls. Plasma phenoloxidase (PO) activity increased significantly in TSV-infected shrimp. The plasma bacterial agglutinin titre against E. coli and V. harveyi, growth inhibition of E. coli and the concentration of magnesium ions in TSV-infected shrimp did not change significantly. In conclusion, ten of thirteen haemolymph parameters changed significantly during the host-TSV interaction. These parameters might be valuable references of shrimp health status.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106, Republic of China. song@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Yen-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chun-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Tzu-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Min-Nan
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000097:blood; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000097:blood; D014733:Vibrio / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D003300:Copper; D006433:Hemocyanins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D011503:Transglutaminases; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium