title: Increase of dietary vitamin C improves haemocyte respiratory burst response and growth of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, fed with high dietary copper.
abstract: Effects of dietary vitamin C (l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg, C2MP-Mg) on growth, tissue copper (Cu) accumulation, and haemocyte superoxide anion production of juvenile grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon, fed with either adequate or high (8 x adequate) dietary Cu were studied. Three experimental diets were used: basal diet supplemented with adequate levels of both C2MP-Mg (40 mg kg diet(-1)) and Cu (20mg kg diet(-1)) (NC-NCu); basal diet supplemented with adequate C2MP-Mg and high Cu (8 x adequate) (NC-HCu); and basal diet supplemented with high C2MP-Mg (5 x adequate) and high Cu (HC-HCu). These were each fed to triplicate groups of shrimp (mean initial weight: 0.29+/-0.01 g) for 8 weeks. Highest (P< 0.01) weight gain, feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in shrimp fed NC-NCu diet, intermediate in shrimp fed HC-HCu diet, and lowest in shrimp fed NC-HCu diet. Cu concentrations in hepatopancreas, muscle and haemolymph were highest in shrimp fed NC-HCu diet, followed by shrimp fed HC-HCu diet, and lowest for shrimp fed NC-NCu diet. Survival, total haemocyte count (THC) and intracellular superoxide anion (O-2) production were higher in shrimp fed NC-NCu diet than shrimp fed NC-HCu diet, whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI) was higher in shrimp fed NC-HCu diet than shrimp fed NC-NCu diet. However, all these parameters were similar in shrimp fed NC-NCu diet and shrimp fed HC-HCu diet. These data suggest that increase of dietary vitamin C improved haemocyte respiratory burst response and growth and prevented tissue Cu accumulation in P. monodon fed with high dietary Cu.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 202, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Min-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shi-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shiau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D003300:Copper; D001205:Ascorbic Acid