title: Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicide gene therapy is a new experimental form of cancer chemotherapy that is currently being evaluated in human trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the killing effects of the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene mediated by an adenovirus vector on human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CD gene was cloned into pAdTrack-CMV-CD, pAdTrack-CMV-CD, and pAdEasy-1, which underwent recombination in bacteria BJ5183. The newly recombinant Ad-CD containing green fluorescent protein was propagated in 293 cells and purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. The human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PaTu8988/SW1990 was infected with this virus, and then 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was added; XTT assay was used to estimate relative numbers of viable cells. An in vivo model of pancreatic cancer was established by injecting 1.0 x 10(7) PaTu8988/SW1990 cells subcutaneously in Balb/c nude mice. When tumors were palpable, Ad-CD was injected into each tumor, and 5-FC was administered. The positive clones were selected by endonuclease digestion of the combinations, and the concentration of viral liquids containing the CD gene was 2 x 10(11) pfu/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that significant cytotoxic activities were possessed by 5-FC for CD gene-transduced PaTu8988/SW1990 cells, but there was little effect on the nontransduced pancreatic carcinoma cells. The antitumor effect was observed in PaTu8988/SW1990 xenografts from nude mice with in situ CD gene transduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the CD gene mediated by adenovirus has a high level of infectivity and is efficient for gene therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. pannxue@sohu.com
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Zhao-Shen
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guo-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Zhen-Xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D043525:Cytosine Deaminase