title: Nurse visitation for adolescent mothers: two-year infant health and maternal outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children of adolescent mothers have higher rates of morbidity and unintentional injuries and hospitalizations during the first 5 years of life than do children of adult mothers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year postbirth infant health and maternal outcomes of an early intervention program (EIP) of home visitation by public health nurses (PHNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial, a sample of predominantly Latina and African American adolescent mothers was followed from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum. The experimental group (EIP, n = 56) received preparation-for-motherhood classes plus intense home visitation by PHNs from pregnancy through 1 year postbirth; the control group (TPHNC, n = 45) received traditional public health nursing care (TPHNC). Health outcomes were determined based on medical record data; other measures evaluated selected maternal behaviors, social competence, and mother-child interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total days of non-birth-related infant hospitalizations during the first 24 months was significantly lower in the EIP (143 days) than the TPHNC group (211 days) and episodes of hospitalization were fewer; more EIP than THHNC infants were never seen in the emergency room. The EIP mothers had 15% fewer repeat pregnancies in the first 2 years postbirth than TPHNC mothers. The TPHNC mothers significantly increased marijuana use over time, whereas EIP mothers did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EIP improved in selected areas of infant and maternal health, and these improvements were sustained for a period of 1 year following program termination. These findings have important implications for healthcare services.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vulnerable Populations Research, UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA. dkoniak@sonnet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koniak-Griffin
authors.forename: Inese L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Verzemnieks
authors.forename: Nancy L R
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Mary-Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turner-Pluta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002140:California; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000208:ethnology; D011637:Public Health Nursing; D016896:Treatment Outcome