title: Acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis developed after esophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the prevalence of gallstone disease after gastrectomy is reported to be high, its prevalence after esophagectomy is scarcely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gallbladder disease following an esophagectomy was prospectively evaluated in 237 patients with esophageal cancer by abdominal ultrasonography twice a year up to five years postoperatively. The median follow-up period was 18.6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient (0.4%) developed acute acalculous cholecystitis postoperatively, and 13 patients (5.5%) developed gallstone disease during the follow-up period. Nine (69%) of these 13 patients developed gallstone disease within two years, and another two patients developed the disease three years after esophagectomy. Another patient developed gallbladder debris at 35 months postoperatively, and one developed gallbladder polyps at 33 months. Seven of the 13 patients with gallstone disease underwent cholecystectomy between 13 and 125 months after esophagectomy: two developed acute cholecystitis; two had associated common bile duct stones; the remaining three patients had upper abdominal pain. Nine of the 13 patients who developed gallstone disease showed a history of alcoholism, whereas only 81 of 224 patients without gallstone disease had a similar history (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A certain number of patients with esophageal carcinoma and a history of alcoholism develop cholelithiasis within three years after esophagectomy, and subsequently undergo cholecystectomy during the follow-up period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shimane Medical University, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinugasa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Dipok Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kyriazanos
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography