title: Hounsfield units on computerized tomography predict stone-free rates after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies suggest that HU values on non-contrast computerized tomography may predict the ability to fragment urinary calculi. We determined whether the HUs of in vivo urinary stones could be used to predict the stone-free rates after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 50 patients who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for 5 to 10 mm. upper urinary tract stones. Chemical analyses and HU calculations were performed for each stone and posttreatment radiographic assessment categorized patients into a stone-free or a residual stone group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test to compare mean HU values in the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients 32 (64%) were stone-free and 18 (36%) had residual stones. Mean values +/- SEM for the stone-free and residual stone groups were significantly different (551.20 +/- 46.66 versus 926.20 +/- 51.42 HU, p <0.0001). A total of 30 calculi (60%) were located in the ureter, including 21 in the stone-free group and 9 in the residual stone group with a mean value of 505.10 +/- 46.66 and 888.70 +/- 102.00 HU, respectively, which was significantly different (p = 0.0005). A total of 20 calculi (40%) were located in the kidney, including 11 in the stone-free group and 9 in the residual stone group with a mean value of 558.40 +/- 62.38 and 905.10 +/- 61.49 HU, respectively, which was significantly different (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that HU measurement of urinary calculi on pretreatment non-contrast computerized tomography may predict the stone-free rate. This information may be beneficial for selecting the preferred treatment option for patients with urinary calculi.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, 44 East End Avenue, Suite 2E, New York, NY 10028, USA.
authors.forename: Gyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pareek
authors.forename: Noel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Armenakas
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fracchia
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012074:Remission Induction; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*