title: Production of phytase by Mucor racemosus in solid-state fermentation.
abstract: Phytase production was studied by three Mucor and eight Rhizopus strains by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on three commonly used natural feed ingredients (canola meal, coconut oil cake, wheat bran). Mucor racemosus NRRL 1994 (ATCC 46129) gave the highest yield (14.5 IU/g dry matter phytase activity) on coconut oil cake. Optimizing the supplementation of coconut oil cake with glucose, casein and (NH(4))(2)SO(4), phytase production in solid-state fermentation was increased to 26 IU/g dry matter (DM). Optimization was carried out by Plackett-Burman and central composite experimental designs. Using the optimized medium phytase, alpha-amylase and lipase production of Mucor racemosus NRRL 1994 was compared in solid-state fermentation and in shake flask (SF) fermentation. SSF yielded higher phytase activity than did SF based on mass of initial substrate. Because this particular isolate is a food-grade fungus that has been used for sufu fermentation in China, the whole SSF material (crude enzyme, in situ enzyme) may be used directly in animal feed rations with enhanced cost efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Gellert ter 4, Hungary.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bogar
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szakacs
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Sabu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdulhameed
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tengerdy
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000821:Animal Feed; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009089:Mucor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D013045:Species Specificity; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010710:Phosphates; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D010832:6-Phytase; D000074263:Coconut Oil