title: Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in female sex workers: prospective evaluation of condom promotion and strengthened STD services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Perú, a previous study of government-sponsored periodic examinations of female sex workers (FSWs) found no significant impact on rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the impact of technically improved periodic STD services on STD prevalence and on consistent condom use (CCU).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved monthly follow-up of 917 FSWs at two STD clinics, with evaluations before and during implementation of strengthened STD services, which included periodic screening and treatment for gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and syphilis; counseling; and supply of condoms. Outcome analyses were adjusted for participation bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 7908 person-months of observation, the prevalences of gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, and BV declined significantly and CCU increased significantly, with similar trends in both clinics. During follow-up, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, and BV were negatively associated with follow-up after screening. BV also was positively associated with use of an intrauterine device and negatively with douching. CCU during follow-up was associated with significantly decreased risk of gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strengthened periodic screening for and treatment of confirmed STD, in addition to condom promotion and provision, represent feasible, effective interventions in commercial sex, and time series analyses can provide a useful approach to evaluating new interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS and STD, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Pablo E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alarcon
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotuzzo
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: King K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012731:Sex Counseling; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*