title: Programming of islet functions in the progeny of hyperinsulinemic/obese rats.
abstract: Neonatal female rat pups that were raised artificially on a high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula during their suckling period developed hyperinsulinemia immediately, maintained chronic hyperinsulinemia in the postweaning period on laboratory diet, and developed obesity in adulthood. Pups (second-generation HC [2-HC]) born to such female rats (first-generation HC [1-HC]) spontaneously developed chronic hyperinsulinemia and adult-onset obesity (HC phenotype) without the requirement for any dietary intervention in their suckling period. Leftward shift in the insulin secretory response to a glucose stimulus, increase in hexokinase activity, and increased preproinsulin gene transcription were observed in islets from 28-day-old 2-HC rats, and these adaptations are similar to those reported for islets from 12-day-old and 100-day-old 1-HC rats. Unlike 1-HC islets, the ability to secrete moderate amounts of insulin in the absence of glucose and calcium and the incretin input for augmentation of insulin secretion were not observed in 2-HC islets. These results show that a dietary modification in the early postnatal life of the 1-HC female rat sets up a vicious cycle of spontaneous transfer of the HC phenotype to its progeny, implicating a new component to the growing list of factors that contribute to the fetal origins of adult-onset diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
authors.forename: Malathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aalinkeel
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Mulchand S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008892:Milk; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000235:genetics; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C013737:preproinsulin; D011384:Proinsulin; D006593:Hexokinase; D005941:Glucokinase; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium