In-utero transmission of quasispecies among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypes.
Samples from infants infected in-utero by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes A, C, D, and recombinants from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were examined for the presence of viral genetic quasispecies. HIV-1 envelope diversity was measured on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected within the first 48 h of life from 53 infants. Phylogenetic analysis of C2-C5 envelope nucleotide sequences was used for HIV-1 subtype classification. Forty-two of 53 samples (79%) showed a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) suggestive of transmission of a single quasispecies, while 21% showed infection with multiple quasispecies. No differences among HIV-1 subtypes were found in the proportion of single to multiple quasispecies transmitted in-utero (Likelihood ratio test, P = 0.83), nor were differences found among single to multiple quasispecies transmitted and maternal viral load (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.44). This suggests that differences in perinatal transmission between subtypes we previously observed in this cohort could not be associated with the likelihood for multiple independent infections during in-utero infections.
Renjifo
Boris
B
Harvard AIDS Institute and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6009, USA.
Chung
Michael
M
Gilbert
Peter
P
Mwakagile
David
D
Msamanga
Gernard
G
Fawzi
Wafaie
W
Essex
Max
M
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy