title: Effects of postexsanguination vascular infusion of carcasses with calcium chloride or a solution of saccharides, sodium chloride, and phosphates on beef display-color stability.
abstract: Hereford x Angus crossbred steers (n = 36) were stunned, exsanguinated, and infused via the carotid artery either with an aqueous solution containing 98.52% water, 0.97% saccharides, 0.23% sodium chloride, and 0.28% phosphates (MPSC; n = 12) or with 0.3 M CaCl2 (n = 12). The remaining 12 steers served as noninfused controls. At 48 h postmortem, the quadriceps muscles and subcutaneous fat were removed from the carcasses, frozen, and later made into ground beef (18 to 20% fat). The longissimus lumborum (LL), semimembranosus, and psoas major (PM) also were removed, vacuum packaged, aged until 14 d postmortem, and then one steak was sliced from each muscle for visual and instrumental color evaluations. The inside (ISM) and outside (OSM) portions of the SM were evaluated separately. The LL and OSM steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses had a lighter red (P < 0.05) initial appearance than steaks from the other treatments. The LL steaks from noninfused carcasses had the most (P < 0.05) uniform color; the MPSC treatment was intermediate, and the CaCl2 treatment was the most two-toned. Steaks from both infusion treatments had higher (P < 0.05) L* values for the LL, ISM, and OSM muscles compared with noninfused carcasses. In general, the LL from CaCl2-infused carcasses had lower (P < 0.05) a* values, saturation indices, and 630 nm to 580 nm reflectance values, and had larger (P < 0.05) hue angles. Infusion with MPSC increased (P < 0.05) hue angles in the LL and OSM. Display color stability was lowest (P < 0.05) for LL steaks from CaCl2-infused carcasses, whereas steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses were lighter red in initial color, but otherwise had display color stability similar to those from noninfused carcasses. No differences (P > 0.05) due to infusion were found for any color traits for the PM muscle and ground beef. Carotid artery vascular infusion of carcasses with CaCl2 resulted in undesirable meat colors, whereas the MPSC solution lightened loin and inside round color in a desirable way, but the color stability was slightly less compared to muscle from noninfused carcasses. Infusion effects were not consistent among muscles, and further research will be needed to determine what caused these differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University Manhattan 66506, USA. hhunt@oznet.ksu.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schoenbeck
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yancey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dikeman
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Loughin
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Addis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D018857:Food Packaging; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000592:standards; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002122:Calcium Chloride