title: Can we predict which patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators receive appropriate shock therapy? A study of 155 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Appropriate shock therapy (AST) occurs in the minority of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). We assessed which patients received AST and whether there were any predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed data from 155 patients implanted with ICDs at our institution from a period from February 1984 to February 2001. Stored electrogram data were analysed. We sub-divided patients on the basis of underlying cardiac disease. Various clinical echocardiographic and electrophysiological variables were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AST occurred in 53 (34%) of patients (Group 1) and no AST in 102 (64%) of patients (Group 2). Impaired LV function was significantly associated with AST. Group 1 patients had a lower ejection fraction (EF) compared to Group 2 (37.5+/-13% vs. 47.8+/-14%, P<0.0001). Seventy-two percent of patients with AST had an EF <40% vs. 35% of patients in Group 2 (P<0.0001). NYHA Class was also associated with AST, 42% of Group 1 were in NYHA Class III/IV vs. 12% in Group 2 (P<0.001). Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was a predictor of AST. PES was positive in a greater proportion of patients in Group 1 vs. 2 (88% vs. 64%, P<0.0006). Sub-group analysis showed that patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) had a high incidence of AST (80%). In these patients PES was a poor predictor of AST being positive in only 25%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AST occurs in the minority of our patients. Certain pre-procedural variables predict AST. PES does not appear useful in predicting shock therapy in DCM patients and a negative PES should not preclude ICD implantation in this group.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas Hospitals, SE1 7EH, London, UK. c.a.rinaldi@btinternet.com
authors.forename: C Aldo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Ron D B
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baszko
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bostock
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucknall
authors.forename: Jaswinder S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index