Fetal alcohol syndrome in developmental age. Neuropsychiatric aspects.
Alcohol constitutes one of the main risk factors for the health of the newborn infant and is also one of the leading causes of cognitive deficit. The distinctive pattern of abnormalities that characterizes fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) includes: pre- and postnatal growth retardation, cognitive deficit, behavior and language disorders, cerebral malformations (schizencephaly, polymicrogyria, agenesis of the corpus callosum), facial changes (short palpebral fissures, low nasal bridge, anomalies of the auricle, maxillary hypoplasia, cleft lip and palate) and organ anomalies (heart defects, renal and skeletal malformations). As occurs with any teratogenic agent, the variability of phenotypic expression is wide and depends on dose, gestational stage, duration of exposure, maternal and fetal metabolism and other environmental and genetic factors. This study describes 6 subjects with FAS who express various characteristics of the clinical spectrum of the syndrome.
Roccella
M
M
Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. mroccel@tin.it
Testa
D
D
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014888:Wechsler Scales