title: [Long-term results after velopharyngoplasty].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with cleft palate frequently demonstrate speech and resonance disorders following primary cleft repair. In some patients no improvement can be achieved with conservative therapy and a velopharyngoplasty (VPP) may be indicated. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term results after VPP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients were followed up on an average 9 years after VPP (mean age: 16+/-5 years). Apart from the phoniatric-pedaudiologic findings, the speech intelligibility and nasality were judged by speech pathologists and by laymen. The extent of the speech handicaps was evaluated with a questionnaire. The nasalance was measured with NasalView. The vowels, two test sentences, and three reading texts (LT(1-3)) were used as test materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phoniatric-pedaudiologic examination revealed a clear improvement of hearing, language, and speech function. Compared to the previous results, decreased nasality and improved ability in articulation were detected. The judgment of laymen was also positive. The speech intelligibility was mostly evaluated as favorable. A speech handicap was present in only a few patients. The evaluation using NasalView showed significantly increased nasalance values for the LT(2) ( p=0.030). Moreover there were lower nasalance values for all the reading texts compared to the control group (LT(1) p=0.257, LT(2) p=0.408, LT(3) p=0.187).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clear improvement can be achieved with VPP in patients with a high degree of therapy-resistant nasality. In many cases even normal colloquial language is possible. The evaluation of nasalance has proved to be successful for rating surgical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Gesichtsfehlbildungen, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover. Kuettner.christian@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Küttner
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brücher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lüerssen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ptok
authors.forename: J-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hausamen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*