title: Behaviour of forchlorfenuron residues in grape, soil and water.
abstract: Persistence of forchlorfenuron residues in grape berries at harvest following its dip application as single or split doses to grape berry clusters and periodic dissipation of forchlorfenuron residues in grape berries following foliar spray application were studied. Periodic dissipation of forchlorfenuron residues following its fortification in soil and water were also studied. Splitting the dip application concentration of forchlorfenuron to grape berries reduced its residues in the berries at harvest, which persisted for more than 65 days from all treatments. In case of foliar application, however, the residues of forchlorfenuron in/on the grape berries persisted for 15-20 days only from three treatment concentrations of 2, 3 and 4 ml/l and dissipated with half-lives of 3.4-4.5 days. The residues of forchlorfenuron dissipated faster in soils maintained at field capacity moisture condition than in air dry soils. There was wide variation in its residue persistence in soil (DT50 = 15.1-121.3 days) depending on soil type and moisture condition. Forchlorfenuron residues persisted for more than 30 days in water and its dissipation was fastest at a water salinity level of 3.85 mmho/ cm although the rate of dissipation was not significantly affected by the change in salinity level from <0.04 to 5.90 mmho/cm.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Bangalore-560 089, Karnataka, India. dsharma@iihr.kar.nic.in
authors.forename: Debi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Mahesh D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Awasthi
mesh_terms: D003583:Cytokinins / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C116093:N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea