title: Experimental studies of sewer exfiltration.
abstract: The effects of joint openings and in-pipe sediment on exfiltration losses in an experimental sewer are reported and the influence of flow and head on loss rates are also evaluated. Exfiltration rates tend to be exponential with changes in head for clean-water tests but exhibit power functions when the pipe is subject to sedimentation. In-pipe sediment leads to an effective sealing of joints especially if the invert deposits are both organic in nature and contain saturated adhesive material such as shredded toilet tissue. Simple tracer techniques are described to quantify exfiltration losses and the potential effects of tracer adsorption by pipe solids are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, Bounds Green Road, London N11 2NQ, UK. B.Ellis@mdx.ac.uk
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Revitt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willgress
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004868:Equipment Failure; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010209:Paper; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage