title: Shear-induced von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet surface translocation of the CD40 ligand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelets, which can adhere to damaged vascular surfaces and release bioactive substances upon activation, may play important roles in regulating local inflammatory responses. We focused on the surface translocation of CD40 ligand (CD40L) molecules when the platelets are exposed to a high shear stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood specimens were obtained from eight apparently healthy adult donors. The number of CD40L molecules appearing on the surface of platelets after exposure of platelet-rich plasma to a shear rate of 10,800 s(-1) was determined by quantitative flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of anti-CD40L IgG molecules bound per platelet increased from 15+/-80/platelet before to 355+/-122/platelet after exposure of the platelets to a shear rate of 10,800 s(-1) (p<0.01), but not after their exposure to the relatively low shear rate of 1200 s(-1). This shear-induced platelet surface translocation of CD40L, mediated by the von Willebrand factor (VWF)-GP Ibalpha interaction, was enhanced in the presence of a low concentration of epinephrine (100 nM), which by itself, however, could not cause platelet activation. Our results demonstrate that fluid force induces the appearance of CD40L on the surface of platelets, and also that this phenomenon is enhanced in the presence of a low concentration of epinephrine, corresponding to that released by sympathetic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Shunnosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019007:P-Selectin; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D004837:Epinephrine