title: Reliability and validity of the mammography screening beliefs questionnaire among Chinese American women.
abstract: Cancer is the leading cause of death for Asian American women, and the breast is a primary site of cancer in Chinese women. Although a number of studies have used constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine their relation to mammogram screening, the validity and reliability of the instruments on HBM constructs among Chinese women have not been consistently examined. The purpose of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of a culturally sensitive questionnaire for measuring Chinese women's beliefs (susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and barriers) related to breast cancer and mammogram screening. The items developed for the questionnaire were drawn from a comprehensive literature review and focus groups. The instrument was translated using back translation technique and evaluated by a panel of professional experts and lay experts. A total of 220 Chinese American women ages 40 to 85 years residing in a suburban Midwestern community were included in the sample. Psychometric testing demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and validity of the instrument for this group of women. The Cronbach alpha for the subscales ranged from.77 to.90. Construct validity was supported by exploring the factor structure of the instrument using confirmatory factor analysis and testing correlations with mammography compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, 48197, USA. tywu@umich.edu
authors.forename: Tsu-Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mei-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D011594:Psychometrics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*