title: Involvement of CCR3-reactive chemokines in eosinophil survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although eosinophils undergo apoptosis and are thus eliminated from sites of inflammation, they survive longer if survival factors, such as IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF, are present. However, it is often observed that some eosinophils survive even when incubated without any survival factors (spontaneous survival). The aim of the present study was to investigate what kind of factor(s) is associated with this spontaneous survival of eosinophils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eosinophils were purified from bronchoalveolar lavage of antigen-exposed Balb/c mice and stained with propidium iodide to detect apoptotic ones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the spontaneous survival of eosinophils was reduced by treatment of the cells with anti-CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antibody (Ab). Moreover, eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 all prolonged the survival of eosinophils in a dose-dependent fashion. The survival-prolonging effect of eotaxin-1 was enhanced in the presence of eotaxin-3, indicating that these chemokines might work synergistically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that eosinophils survive longer under the influence of CCR3-reactive chemokines, which aid the infiltration of these cells into the tissue and that eosinophils may survive even longer if they encounter survival factors at local inflammatory sites.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Minamiazumi, Nagano, Japan. kazuhiko_shinagawa@pharm.kissei.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trifilieff
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000276:immunology; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: C000603142:CCL26 protein, mouse; C515457:Ccl11 protein, mouse; C515451:Ccl7 protein, mouse; C515351:Ccr3 protein, mouse; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054410:Chemokine CCL7; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D016207:Cytokines; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine