title: A preliminary analysis of the morphology of lateral canals after root canal filling using a tooth-clearing technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used a modified tooth-clearing technique to allow observation of accessory canals following filling with a warm gutta-percha technique and one of two endodontic cements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten extracted human maxillary molars with three roots were selected and divided into two equal groups of five teeth. Each group had 15 canals. Root canal preparation was performed with a modified double flared technique; irrigation with 5% NaOCl and lubrication with RC-Prep were used. The canals were then filled with gutta-percha and cement utilizing a warm vertical condensation technique in the apical third followed by thermo-mechanical compaction in the middle and coronal thirds. Pulp Canal Sealer or AH-Plus were used in the experimental groups. The teeth were demineralized with a modified buffered acid solution, cleared in methylsalicylate and examined under a stereomicroscope. Accessory canals were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of each root canal and categorized as narrow or wide, following observation on four surfaces. The depth of penetration of gutta-percha and cement into lateral canals was scored using a 5-point system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete transparency of the roots was achieved. Accessory canals were detected in all specimens. In coronal ramifications, gutta-percha filled the empty spaces (coronal thirds, grades 3 and 4: 70.9% in AH-Plus group and 68.8% in Pulp Canal Sealer group). In the apical accessory canals, gutta-percha entered less frequently (apical thirds, grades 3 and 4: 17.9% in the AH-Plus group and 3.2% in the Pulp Canal Sealer group); cement without gutta-percha (grades 1 and 2) was present in 55.5% in the AH-Plus group and 38.7% of the Pulp Canal Sealer group. Analysis showed that AH-Plus cement resulted in significantly greater filling of the apical accessory canals compared to Pulp Canal Sealer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified tooth-clearing technique allowed observation of fine morphological details in all specimens. Effective gutta-percha filling was evident in most of the wide coronal lateral canals whilst the apical narrow ramifications were often incompletely filled by cement. Overall AH-Plus demonstrated better diffusion into lateral accessory canals compared to Pulp Canal Sealer.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
mesh_terms: D002951:Citrates; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005404:Fixatives; D005561:Formates; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012459:Salicylates; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005404:Fixatives; D005561:Formates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; C030544:formic acid; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; C076543:Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C033069:methyl salicylate; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid