title: Clinical application of electroanatomical mapping in the characterization of "incisional" atrial tachycardias.
abstract: Scar tissue after surgical procedures for congenital heart disease may create a complex arrhythmogenic substrate and expose patients to the risk of "incisional" tachycardia. We report the usefulness of electroanatomical mapping in the characterization of reentrant circuits and identification of sites of successful radiofrequency (RF) ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electroanatomical mapping was used to draw activation maps of the right atrium in 6 men and 4 women (mean age 45 +/- 13.7 years) with 21 atrial tachycardias after corrections of atrial septal defects (n = 6) or tetralogy of Fallot (n = 4). The critical isthmus of reentrant circuits was ablated by RF energy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroreentrant circuits were localized on the posterolateral wall of the right atrium in all cases. Scar tissue in that region often contained several pathways that allowed induction of different tachycardias. Interruption of all slow conducting pathways successfully abolished all inducible tachycardias. The cavotricuspid isthmus participated in a figure-of-eight reentrant circuit or in a typical flutter circuit in 6 patients. RF ablation was successful in all but one patient, without significant complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrocanatomical mapping allows the precise description of macroreentrant circuits and the identification of all slow conducting pathways. It is a powerful tool for the planning of ablation lines, navigation of ablation catheter, and verification of conduction block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídenská 1958/9, Praha 4, 140 21, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peichl
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kautzner
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cihák
authors.forename: Vlastimil
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vancura
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bytesník
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery