title: Characterization of the human, mouse and rat PGC1 beta (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 beta) gene in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: PGC1 alpha is a co-activator involved in adaptive thermogenesis, fatty-acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. We describe the identification of several isoforms of a new human PGC1 alpha homologue, cloned independently and named PGC1 beta. The human PGC1 beta gene is localized to chromosome 5, has 13 exons and spans more than 78 kb. Two different 5' and 3' ends due to differential splicing were identified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and screening of human cDNA libraries. We show that PGC1 beta variants in humans, mice and rats are expressed predominantly in heart, brown adipose tissue, brain and skeletal muscle. PGC1 beta expression, unlike PGC1 alpha, is not up-regulated in brown adipose tissue in response to cold or obesity. Fasting experiments showed that PGC1 alpha, but not PGC1 beta, is induced in liver and this suggests that only PGC1 alpha is involved in the hepatic gluconeogenesis. No changes in PGC1 beta gene expression were observed associated with exercise. Human PGC1 beta-1a and -2a isoforms localized to the cell nucleus and, specifically, the isoform PGC1 beta-1a co-activated peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, -alpha and the thyroid hormone receptor beta1. Finally, we show that ectopic expression PGC1 beta leads to increased mitochondrial number and basal oxygen consumption. These results suggest that PGC1 beta may play a role in constitutive adrenergic-independent mitochondrial biogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meirhaeghe
authors.forename: Vivion
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lenaghan
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lelliott
authors.forename: Kath
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schinner
authors.forename: Jaswinder K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Giles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Ron N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Cortright
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Rahilly
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montague
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vidal-Puig
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005091:Exons; D015723:Gene Library; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009840:Oligomycins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone