title: Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental trajectories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify age-related trajectories of obesity from childhood into adolescence, and to test the association of these trajectories with the development of psychiatric disorders (conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety).
  
  
  METHODS
  White children (N = 991) 9 to 16 years old from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative sample of rural youth, were evaluated annually over an 8-year period for height, weight, psychiatric disorder, and vulnerabilities for psychiatric disorder. Longitudinal analyses on the repeated measures data were conducted using developmental trajectory models and generalized estimating equation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity was 3 to 4 times more common than expected from national rates using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 criteria. Four developmental trajectories of obesity were found: no obesity (73%), chronic obesity (15%), childhood obesity (5%), and adolescent obesity (7%). Only chronic obesity was associated with psychiatric disorder: oppositional defiant disorder in boys and girls and depressive disorders in boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a general population sample studied longitudinally, chronic obesity was associated with psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. smustillo@psych.mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustillo
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Worthman
authors.forename: Alaattin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erkanli
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keeler
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angold
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People