title: Characterization of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for management of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae).
abstract: Selected morphological and physiological characteristics of four Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolates and one Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin isolate, which are highly pathogenic to Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), were determined. There were significant differences in conidial size, viability, spore production, speed of germination, relative hyphal growth, and temperature sensitivity. Spore viability after incubation for 24h at 20 degrees C ranged from 91.4 to 98.6% for the five isolates tested. Spore production on quarter-strength Sabouraud dextrose agar plus 0.25% (w/v) yeast extract after 10 days incubation at 20 degrees C ranged from 1.6x10(6) to 15.5x10(6)conidia/cm(2). One B. bassiana isolate (ARSEF 1394) produced significantly more conidia than the others. Spore germination was temperature-dependant for both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. The time required for 50% germination (TG(50)) ranged from 25.0 to 30.9, 14.0 to 16.6, and 14.8 to 18.0h at 15, 22, and 28 degrees C, respectively. Only the M. anisopliae isolate (ARSEF 3540) had significant spore germination at 35 degrees C with a TG(50) of 11.8h. A destructive sampling method was used to measure the relative hyphal growth rate among isolates. Exposure to high temperature (40-50 degrees C) for 10min had a negative effect on conidial viability. The importance of these characteristics in selecting fungal isolates for management of L. lineolaris is discussed.
authors.affiliation: The University of Vermont, Entomology Research Laboratory, 661 Spear Street, Burlington, VT 05405-0105, USA.
authors.forename: Houping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brownbridge
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature