title: Outcome of total pelvic exenteration for primary rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study identifies the clinicopathologic factors (age, gender, size of tumor, location, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, histologic differentiation, and adjuvant therapies) that are useful in predicting long-term survival in patients undergoing total pelvic exenteration for advanced primary rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 71 patients with stage T3 or T4 primary rectal cancer who underwent a curative total pelvic exenteration. The effects of various clinical variables on long-term survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative mortality, hospital death, and morbidity rates were 1.4, 4.2, and 66.2 percent, respectively. The overall five-year survival rate after total pelvic exenteration was 54.1 percent. The five-year survival rate was 65.7 percent for patients with T3 lesions and 39 percent for patients with T4 lesions. A univariate analysis showed that postoperative survival was affected by age, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, while a multivariate analysis showed that age and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total pelvic exenteration may enable long-term survival in younger patients with stage T3 or T4 primary rectal cancer and little or no lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ike
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Shouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohki
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome