title: Loss of pigment epithelium derived factor expression in glioma progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) was first isolated from medium conditioned by human fetal retinal pigment epithelial cells. PEDF was detected in a broad range of human fetal and adult tissues including almost all brain areas. It can also inhibit the proliferation of cultured rat astrocytes. Recent studies have implicated PEDF in activities that are inhibitory to angiogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of PEDF in gliomas to assess its "gliastatic" effects and its role in anti-angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEDF mRNA values were measured by quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of normal brain tissue and tumour specimens from both low and high grade gliomas. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for PEDF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed on 32 paraffin wax embedded glioma samples, 10 of them grade IV, 10 grade III, seven grade II, and five grade I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR showed that PEDF mRNA values were 5.0 (p < 0.001) and 15.4 (p < 0.001) times higher in normal human brain specimens (n = 5) than in tumour tissue specimens of low grade glioma (grades I and II; n = 15) and high grade glioma (grades III and IV; n = 10), respectively. VEGF was strongly positive in 90% of grade IV, 70% of grade III, 43% of grade II, and 20% of grade I cases. In contrast, PEDF was positive in none of grade IV, 20% of grade III, 43% of grade II, and 60% of grade I tumours. There was an inverse correlation between VEGF and PEDF expression, and a lack of PEDF in advanced grade gliomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible that the absence of PEDF expression is a potent factor for the enhancement of angiogenesis in glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: W-W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W-Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D005136:Eye Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor