title: Childhood and adulthood abuse in bulimic and nonbulimic women: prevalences and psychological correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated associations between childhood physical and sexual abuse in bulimic women and eating disturbances, psychiatric symptoms, and likelihood of later abuse in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one bulimics and 25 normal eaters participated in this study. Semistructured interviews and self-report measures were used to assess eating symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disturbances, personality pathology, and childhood and adulthood abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal eaters, bulimic women reported higher levels of childhood abuse. Although bulimic women showed more psychopathology than nonbulimic women, there was a correspondence between the presence and severity of abuse and the severity of concurrent psychopathologic symptoms. Results linked dissociation and submissiveness to most severe forms of abuse. Abuse in adulthood was almost always preceded by earlier abuse during childhood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an association between certain psychopathologic traits and the likelihood of abuse (especially when occurring both in childhood and adulthood). Observed associations could implicate causal effects of childhood abuse on personality development, influences of personality traits in heightening the risk of abuse, or both.
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Program, Douglas Hospital, Verdun, Quebec, Canada. stephleo@total.net
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Léonard
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiger
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002032:Bulimia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*