title: Molecular cloning and cellular distribution of two 14-3-3 isoforms from Hydra: 14-3-3 proteins respond to starvation and bind to phosphorylated targets.
abstract: In the simple metazoan Hydra a clear link between food supply and cell survival has been established. Whilst in plants 14-3-3 proteins are found to be involved in signalling cascades that regulate metabolism, in animals they have been shown to participate in cell survival pathways. In order to explore the possibility that 14-3-3 proteins in Hydra could be involved in regulating metabolism under different conditions of food supply, we have cloned two isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins. We show here that 14-3-3 proteins bind to phosphorylated targets in Hydra and form homo- and heterodimers in vitro. 14-3-3 proteins are localised in the cytoplasm of all cells and also in the nuclei of some epithelial cells. This nuclear localisation becomes more prominent during starvation. Moreover, 14-3-3 protein is present in large amounts in food granules and from this we conclude that it performs functions which are associated with metabolism and food storage in Hydra.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-80333 14, Munich, Luisenstrasse, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stiening
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schade
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alexandrova
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zoubek
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böttger
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D006829:Hydra / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013217:Starvation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase