title: Identification of hierarchical factors to guide clinical decision making for successful long-term pulp capping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinicians have few quantitative studies that rank the in vivo pulp capping effects of commonly used restorative materials. These factors were investigated to provide guidance to clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-one standardized pulp-exposed cavities were prepared in nonhuman primate teeth. Exposed pulps were capped with calcium hydroxide, resin-modified glass-ionomer cements, and resin composites. Teeth were collected from 7 to 720 days to observe a full range of responses. Pulpal reactions were categorized according to the standards set by the International Standards Organization. Bacteria were detected with McKay's stain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of bacterial microleakage was 19.7% with resin composite, 21.1% with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and 47.0% with calcium hydroxide. The severity of pulpal inflammation increased with the presence of bacteria or tunnel defects. The severity of pulpal inflammation prevented dentinal bridge formation at varying levels: slight for resin composite and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, and severe with calcium hydroxide. The incidence of severe inflammation or pulpal necrosis was 7.9% with resin composite, 10.6% with calcium hydroxide, and 10.5% with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. Other variables, such as pulpal exposure width and tertiary dentin formation, were not highly correlated to pulpal inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulp capping with resin composite provided the lowest incidence of bacterial microleakage, the lowest levels of pulpal inflammation, and the lowest incidence of necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. petmurra@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Abeer A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003663:Decision Trees; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000382:microbiology; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods*; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide