title: Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India.
abstract: A collection of ten strains of Vibrio cholerae O139, comprising six isolates from Eichhornia crassipes, two from water of the River Ganga, and one each from a well and a hand pump, were characterized. All the strains carried the CTX genetic element (ctxA, zot, and ace) except for the st gene and carried structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA, tcpI, and toxR), adherence factor (ompU), and accessory colonization factor (acfB); all produced cholera toxin (CT). These strains were resistant to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and to the vibriostatic agent pteridine. Results obtained by ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR fingerprint analysis indicate that multiple clones of toxigenic-pathogenic V. cholerae O139 were present in the aquatic environment.
authors.affiliation: Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhanumathi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabeena
authors.forename: Sree Renjini
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Isac
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D031806:Eichhornia / Q000382:microbiology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin