title: Proteoglycans in chicken gastrocnemius tendons change with exercise.
abstract: Growth, loading, and mobilization lead to changes in tendon structure. Recent studies have shown that proteoglycans (PGs) regulate the organization of collagen fibrils, the main structural components of tendons. We hypothesized that moderate exercise alters PG synthesis in the avian gastrocnemius tendon. To test our hypothesis we compared the PG content in gastrocnemius tendons from control 6.5-week-old chickens with that in tendons from 6.5-week-old chickens that underwent exercise. Our results show high levels and a wide variety of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in 6.5-week-old tendons. Chondroitin-4-sulfate disaccharide was the major GAG disaccharide in control and exercised 6.5-week-old gastrocnemius tendons. Exercise led to an increase in the size of the tendons, the content of hyaluronic acid, and the level of decorin. High levels of keratan sulfate (KS) were found in the lower halves of gastrocnemius tendons, although the amount of KS decreased with exercise. This corresponded well with lower content of aggrecan in the lower halves of exercised tendons. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that exercise alters the content of PGs in chicken tendons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hae Yoon
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwan Kim
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Jaroslava
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halper
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008954:Models, Biological; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D013710:Tendons / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D007632:Keratan Sulfate