title: Complete solo laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility of "complete solo" (CS) laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) performed solely with robotic manipulation of the laparoscope and without any human assistant at all. A comparison was made between CS LRP and the standard technique to identify the advantages and drawbacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen consecutive patients undergoing CS LRP were compared with the last 16 patients undergoing standard LRP. The standard procedure was performed with five trocars and one human assistant. Therefore, the surgeon had three instruments immediately available and could switch quickly from one to another, while the assistant held the laparoscope and a retractor. The CS method used a voice-controlled robotic arm to manipulate the laparoscope and a mechanical arm for the assisting instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time in the CS and standard groups was 324 and 347 minutes, respectively (P >0.5). An additional human assistant was required, for 1 hour, in 3 patients of each group. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of catheterization time, hospital stay, positive margin rate, complications, short-term cancer control, or functional results. The CS method has been demonstrated to be highly cost-effective compared with the standard technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CS LRP is feasible and compares favorably with the standard technique. It offers unique advantages in terms of direct control of the operative view, standardization of the assistance, and higher stability of the laparoscope, thus greatly enhancing the surgeon's comfort. The diminished need for human operative assistance provides significant economic and organizational benefits.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antiphon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoznek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benyoussef
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de lataille
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elard
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gettman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vordos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome