title: Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II.
abstract: The elongation of transcripts by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is subject to regulation and requires the services of a host of accessory proteins. Although the biochemical mechanisms underlying elongation and its regulation remain obscure, recent progress sets the stage for rapid advancement in our understanding of this phase of transcription. High-resolution crystal structures will allow focused analyses of RNAPII in all its functional states. Several recent studies suggest specific roles for the C-terminal heptad repeats of the largest subunit of RNAPII in elongation. Proteomic approaches are being used to identify new transcription-elongation factors and to define interactions between elongation factors and RNAPII. Finally, a combination of genetic analysis and the localization of factors on transcribed chromatin is being used to confirm a role for factors in elongation.
authors.affiliation: Department of MCD Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. hartzog@biology.ucsc.edu
authors.forename: Grant A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hartzog
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases