title: Effects of midazolam and sarmazenil on the equine electroencephalogram during anaesthesia with halothane in oxygen.
abstract: The electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of a rapid infusion of midazolam and sarmazenil following a bolus of midazolam were investigated in eight Welsh mountain ponies anaesthetized with 0.8% halothane in oxygen. The peak plasma concentration of midazolam was 2.13 +/- 0.34 ng/mL (mean +/- SD) occurring 5 min after the start of the infusion. Sarmazenil concentrations were not measured. The 95% spectral edge frequency of the EEG decreased by a maximum of 39.8 +/- 15.8%, 10 min after the start of the midazolam infusion. No changes were seen in median frequency of the EEG or the second differential of the middle latency auditory evoked response. The variability of median frequency (F50) and spectral edge frequency (F95) were reduced by a maximum of 80 +/- 7 and 84 +/- 7%, respectively. The sarmazenil infusion reversed the effects of a bolus of midazolam on the variability of F50 and the magnitude and variability of F95. The second differential of the middle latency auditory evoked potential (DD) was increased by 56.4 +/- 69.3%, 10 min after the start of the sarmazenil infusion. There were no statistically significant differences in EEG variables between the baseline of the midazolam infusion and 10 min after the start of the sarmazenil infusion. Midazolam infusion resulted in specific and unusual changes in the EEG of anaesthetized ponies. These changes were completely reversed by sarmazenil infusion. The data presented suggest that sarmazenil has no intrinsic effect upon the EEG.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. c.b.johnson@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D006221:Halothane / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007093:Imidazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C102747:sarmazenil; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen; D006221:Halothane