title: Effects of treatment protocols and subcutaneous implantation on bovine pericardium: a Raman spectroscopy study.
abstract: Using Raman microspectroscopy, we have studied mineral deposition on bovine pericardia, fixed according to three different protocols and either implanted subcutaneously or not implanted (controls). A lightly carbonated apatitic phosphate mineral, similar to that found in bone tissue, was deposited on the surface of a glutaraldehyde-fixed, implanted pericardium. Implanted pericardia fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by treatment in either an 80% ethanol or a 5% octanol/40% ethanol solution did not mineralize on implantation. Collagen secondary structure changes were observed on glutaraldehyde fixation by monitoring the center of gravity of the amide I envelope. It is proposed that the decrease in the amide I center of gravity frequency for the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue compared to the nonfixed tissue is due to an increase in nonreducible collagen cross-links (1660 cm(-1)) and a decrease in reducible cross-links (1690 cm(-1)). The amide I center of gravity in the glutaraldehyde/ethanol-fixed pericardium was higher than the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue center of gravity. This increase in center of gravity could possibly be due to a decrease in hydrogen bonding within the collagen fibrils following the ethanol pretreatment. In addition, we found a secondary structure change to the pericardial collagen after implantation: an increase in the frequency of the center of gravity of amide I is indicative of an increase in cross-links.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Tarnowski
authors.forename: Shona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campbell-Clark
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: Alan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000442:Octanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D016378:Tissue Transplantation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D008903:Minerals; D000442:Octanols; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010758:Phosphorus; D000431:Ethanol; D002118:Calcium; D005976:Glutaral