title: Comparison of excretory phase, helical computed tomography with intravenous urography in patients with painless haematuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare excretory phase, helical computed tomography (CT) with intravenous (IV) urography for evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with painless haematuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-one out-patients had IV urography followed by helical CT limited to the urinary tract. Both IV urograms and CT images were evaluated for abnormalities of the urinary tract in a blinded, prospective manner. The clinical significance of abnormalities was scored subjectively and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 69 of 91 patients (76%), no cause of haematuria was identified. In 22 of 91 patients (24%), the cause of haematuria was identified as follows: transitional cell cancer of the bladder (n=15), urinary tract stones (n=3), cystitis (n=2), haemorrhagic pyelitis (n=1) and benign ureteral stricture (n=1). With IV urography, there were 15 true-positive, seven false-negative and three false-positive interpretations. With CT, there were 18 true-positive, four false-negative and two false-positive interpretations. There was no significant difference between IV and CT urography for the significance of the positive interpretations (n=0.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excretory phase CT urography was comparable with IV urography for evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with painless haematuria. However, the study population did not include any upper tract cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. martin.o'malley@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gazelle
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology