title: Injection therapies for soft-tissue disorders.
abstract: Local injection therapies are used in the management of a variety of musculoskeletal pain syndromes and include the local infiltration of substances such as corticosteroid and/or anaesthetic, dry needling and neural blockade. Although commonly used, the rationale for their use in many conditions is arguable and evidence of efficacy is often lacking. In this chapter, a number of common injection therapies for soft-tissue-mediated pain are described. The reasoning for their use, potential mechanisms of action and unwanted effects are discussed. The literature relating to their documented effects is critically reviewed. Practical suggestions for their utilization in the management of soft-tissue conditions are given and proposals are made for future research in this important area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. cas50@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Speed
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013256:Steroids
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013256:Steroids; D001905:Botulinum Toxins