title: Chronic heart failure: global left ventricular perfusion and coronary flow reserve with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify and compare global left ventricular (LV) perfusion and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with chronic heart failure and in healthy volunteers by measuring coronary sinus flow with velocity-encoded cine (VEC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR measurements were performed in 10 consecutive patients with chronic heart failure due to coronary artery disease and in 10 volunteers. Global LV perfusion was quantified by measuring coronary sinus flow in an oblique imaging plane perpendicular to the coronary sinus with non-breath-hold VEC MR imaging. LV mass was measured by means of cine imaging that encompassed the heart. LV perfusion was calculated from coronary sinus flow and mass. CFR was measured from LV perfusion at rest and that after infusion of dipyridamole. Analysis of covariance was used to determine differences between groups. Differences within groups were analyzed by means of the Student t test for paired data. Regression analysis was used to determine correlation between CFR and LV ejection fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest, LV perfusion was not significantly different in patients with chronic heart failure (0.46 mL/min/g +/- 0.19) and volunteers (0.52 mL/min/g +/- 0.21, P =.54). After administration of dipyridamole, LV perfusion was less than half in patients with chronic heart failure compared with that in volunteers (1.07 mL/min/g +/- 0.64 vs 2.19 mL/min/g +/- 0.98) (P =.03). CFR was severely reduced in patients with chronic heart failure compared with that in volunteers (2.3 +/- 0.9 vs 4.2 +/- 1.5, P =.01). A moderate but significant correlation was found between CFR and LV ejection fraction (r = 0.54, P =.02)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined cine and VEC MR imaging revealed that patients with chronic heart failure have normal LV perfusion at rest but severely depressed LV perfusion after vasodilation. Impaired CFR may contribute to progressive decline in LV function in patients with chronic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Rm L-308, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Gunnar K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watzinger
authors.forename: Maythem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Gautham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Araoz
authors.forename: Dominick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curatola
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bedigian
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004176:Dipyridamole; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D004176:Dipyridamole