title: Growth factor regulation of PC4/TIS7, an immediate early gene expressed during gut adaptation after resection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To define the molecular mechanisms underlying the intestinal adaptive response after partial small bowel resection, we previously identified a cohort of genes regulated in the remnant adaptive ileum. One is PC4/TIS7, an immediate early gene preferentially up-regulated during the first 48 hours after resection. To further the mechanisms that regulate gut adaptation, we sought to identify upstream regulators of PC4/TIS7 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  PC4/TIS7 expression in adaptive versus transection control mouse gut was examined at 48 hours after 50% intestinal resection, and its cellular localization was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of intestinotrophic peptides and growth factors on PC4/TIS7 expression were examined in vitro in the crypt epithelial cell line IEC 18 and in vivo in the mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC4/TIS7 was expressed in the cytoplasm of IEC 18 cells and in adaptive mouse ileal crypt and villus enterocytes. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased PC4/TIS7 mRNA levels in postconfluent, quiescent IEC 18 cells, but insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and nerve growth factor (NGF) had no effect. A stable derivative of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), r(gly2)GLP-2, was most potent in increasing PC4/TIS7 expression; however, stimulation of proliferation and differentiation were not observed. To determine the effect of GLP-2 on PC4/TIS7 expression in vivo, r(gly2)GLP-2 was administered intraperitoneally to mice. PC4/TIS7 mRNA expression was increased in small bowel in response to GLP-2 compared with vehicle control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PC4/TIS7 plays a role in intracellular signaling in the intestinal epithelium during the adaptive response, possibly as a common downstream effector for several intestinotrophic growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swietlicki
authors.forename: Hristo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iordanov
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D007082:Ileum / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D006133:Growth Substances; C490044:Ifrd1 protein, mouse; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I