title: Ground deposition impact of aerially applied fenthion on the fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator.
abstract: Caged fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, were exposed to field ULV applications to measure the impact of fenthion. Two nozzle systems, conventional flat-fan nozzles (Tee Jet 8002SS) and high-pressure hydraulic nozzles (1/8 MIS), were compared using single spray swaths. Fenthion residues were detected throughout the 4.83-km test zone for both systems. Heavy ground deposits (650-1,670 microg/m2) of fenthion were found within 1 km using the flat-fan nozzle systems, which resulted in 80% fiddler crab mortality. Less than 100 microg/m2 fenthion ground deposits were detected during the high-pressure nozzle trials. No fiddler crab mortality was observed within the first 1-km zone following 3 single swath applications repeated during 3 consecutive nights. We found also that when the fiddler crabs were exposed to 700-800 microg/m2 fenthion, mortality occurred. Significant crab mortality (>50%) was observed when residues exceeded 1,000 microg/m2.
authors.affiliation: John A. Mulrennan, Sr., Public Health Entomology Research and Education Center, Florida A&M University, 4000 Frankford Avenue, Panama City, FL 32405, USA.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dukes
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hester
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects*; D005284:Fenthion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005431:Florida; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D007306:Insecticides; D005284:Fenthion