title: Randomized trial of dose-dense versus conventionally scheduled and sequential versus concurrent combination chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment of node-positive primary breast cancer: first report of Intergroup Trial C9741/Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 9741.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, we studied the adjuvant chemotherapy of women with axillary node-positive breast cancer to compare sequential doxorubicin (A), paclitaxel (T), and cyclophosphamide (C) with concurrent doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by paclitaxel (T) for disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS); to determine whether the dose density of the agents improves DFS and OS; and to compare toxicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,005 female patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following regimens: (I) sequential A x 4 (doses) --> T x 4 --> C x 4 with doses every 3 weeks, (II) sequential A x 4 --> T x 4 --> C x 4 every 2 weeks with filgrastim, (III) concurrent AC x 4 --> T x 4 every 3 weeks, or (IV) concurrent AC x 4 --> T x 4 every 2 weeks with filgrastim.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protocol-specified analysis was performed at a median follow-up of 36 months: 315 patients had experienced relapse or died, compared with 515 expected treatment failures. Dose-dense treatment improved the primary end point, DFS (risk ratio [RR] = 0.74; P =.010), and OS (RR = 0.69; P =.013). Four-year DFS was 82% for the dose-dense regimens and 75% for the others. There was no difference in either DFS or OS between the concurrent and sequential schedules. There was no interaction between density and sequence. Severe neutropenia was less frequent in patients who received the dose-dense regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dose density improves clinical outcomes significantly, despite the lower than expected number of events at this time. Sequential chemotherapy is as effective as concurrent chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: ProHEALTH Care Associates, LLP, 2800 Marcus Ave, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA. mcitron@prohealthcare.com
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Citron
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirrincione
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudis
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gradishar
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.forename: Edith A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Carolyn I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.forename: Eleanor H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schilsky
authors.forename: Hyman B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Muss
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D000069585:Filgrastim; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000069585:Filgrastim