title: Role of diltiazem in pregnant women with chronic renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether diltiazem therapy decreases proteinuria during pregnancy in women with chronic renal disease, resulting in decreased risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery and intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook retrospective data collection by chart review of pregnant women with chronic renal disease. Women treated with and without diltiazem were compared by independent t test analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven women were eligible for inclusion in the study. Individual patient trends revealed decreased or attenuated increase in proteinuria across gestation with diltiazem therapy. Mean arterial pressure was also decreased in the therapy group compared to increased pressure in the third trimester in the group with no therapy. The incidence of fetal growth restriction and need for labor induction were lower in the diltiazem-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diltiazem, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, decreases proteinuria and preserves renal structure and function and should be considered an alternative to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy in women with chronic renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khandelwal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumanova
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gaughan
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Reece
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004110:Diltiazem