title: Abnormal cerebral asymmetry and schizophrenia in a subject with Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high incidence of schizophrenia has been reported in individuals with sex chromosome aneuploides (SCAs), and extra-X aneuploidy appears to adversely affect neurodevelopment. We previously examined neurodevelopment in SCA subjects with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We present an XXY subject who subsequently developed schizophrenia. Further examination of the MRI data was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  Graphs of MRI-determined regional brain to whole brain volume proportions and cerebral asymmetry indexes were generated for Klinefelter (n = 10) and male control subjects (n = 25) to allow inter-individual comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The index case had reversed prefrontal and temporal lobe asymmetries, and these findings were more marked than in any other subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been suggested that a genetic locus for schizophrenia may be found on the X chromosome and that the gene(s) concerned are implicated in the development of normal cerebral asymmetries. This case supports these arguments.
authors.affiliation: Larkfield Centre, Lenzie, UK.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Warwick
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lawrie
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beveridge
authors.forename: Eve C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012606:Scotland; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000002:abnormalities*