title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing undifferentiated sarcoma occurring in previously fractured femur. A case report and review of the literature.
abstract: We examined the case of a 52-year-old man presenting with a sarcoma accompanied by severe leukocytosis, which developed many years after a femoral fracture. Histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of the tumor revealed that the sarcoma could not be classified by any of the bone or soft tissue tumor classifications currently in use. The tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens and subcultured in vitro. The concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the culture medium was constantly elevated to considerably high levels during 20 cell passages. A genomic study using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the cells retained messenger RNA expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The aberrant overexpression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor clearly represented a paraneoplastic phenomenon of the neoplastic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. tmarui@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marui
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akisue
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hitora
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000473:pathology; D005266:Femoral Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor