title: Lifestyles and pre-eclampsia with special attention to cigarette smoking.
abstract: Cigarette smoking has been reported to protect women against pre-eclampsia. We conducted a cohort study of 493 women whose first antenatal visits were between September 1997 and April 1998 at Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Japan. A self-administered questionnaire survey for lifestyles was carried out during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome information was taken from medical record data. Of 493 subjects, 82 cases (16.6%) developed mild pre-eclampsia and 3 cases (0.6%) developed severe one. The prevalence of cigarette smokers decreased from 21.3% to 8.6% during early pregnancy. The incidence rate of pre-eclampsia among smokers was slightly greater than that among non-smokers (19.4% vs 17.1%), the incidence rate among cases exposed from household smoking was greater than that among no exposed cases (19.6% vs 14.3%), and the incidence rate among alcohol-drinkers was greater than that among non-drinkers (21.1% vs 15.1%). However, there were no statistically significant differences. Larger body mass index before pregnancy tended to be associated with the increased incidence rate of pre-eclampsia (p = 0.160). Pregnant women with smoking had a statistically higher frequency of household smoking exposure and having drinking alcohol. Household smoking exposure and drinking alcohol status adjusted hazard rate ratio was 1.1 for smokers (95% confidence interval 0.6-1.7) as compared with that for non-smokers. Our results did not support the proposition that cigarette smoking protected women against pre-eclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Prefectural General Hospital, Kishiwada-shi, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ioka
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukuma
authors.forename: Karo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamuro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires