title: A new solution for the removal of the smear layer.
abstract: Various organic acids, ultrasonic instruments, and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent (MTAD) as a final rinse on the surface of instrumented root canals. Forty-eight extracted maxillary and mandibular single-rooted human teeth were prepared by using a combination of passive step-back and rotary 0.04 taper nickel-titanium files. Sterile distilled water or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used as intracanal irrigant. The canals were then treated with 5 ml of one of the following solutions as a final rinse: sterile distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA, or a new solution, MTAD. The presence or absence of smear layer and the amount of erosion on the surface of the root canal walls at the coronal, middle, and apical portion of each canal were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The results show that MTAD is an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and does not significantly change the structure of the dentinal tubules when canals are irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and followed with a final rinse of MTAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torabinejad
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.forename: Jalil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Babagoli
authors.forename: Yongbum
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: William Ben
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Krassimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bozhilov
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shahrokh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabahang
mesh_terms: D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014025:Titanium; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003902:Detergents; D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014867:Water; C040654:titanium nickelide; D019343:Citric Acid; D009532:Nickel; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D004318:Doxycycline