title: Prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in well-functioning older adults: findings from the health aging and body composition study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in the absence of depression, in older black and white people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline assessment of a biracial cohort of community-resident well-functioning men and women aged 70 to 79 participating in the Health Aging and Body Composition study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand forty-one participants (mean age 74, 52% women, 58% white).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked about three major anxiety symptoms (feeling fearful, tense/keyed-up, or shaky/nervous) derived from the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Participants were considered to have anxiety symptoms if they reported feeling at least two anxiety symptoms "a little" or one symptom "quite a bit" in the past week. Logistic regression models were used to identify demographic, psychosocial, and health-related correlates of anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety symptoms occurred in 15% of older people without depression and 43% of those with depression. Of nondepressed older people, women were more likely to have anxiety symptoms than men (P <.01), especially white women (20% prevalence). After multivariate adjustment, the chronic conditions of urinary incontinence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-1.9), hearing impairment (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.1), hypertension (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0-1.7) and poor sleep (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.4) were associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms. Persons with poorer psychosocial functioning, low personal mastery (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6-2.5) and the need for more emotional support (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.7-2.8), also had higher rates of anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety symptoms are common in depressed and nondepressed older people. Given the high prevalence and coexistence with depressive symptoms, it will be important to conduct longitudinal studies that assess depressive and anxiety symptoms to clarify the direction and influence and disentangle the health-related consequences of these two conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.kala@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kala M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Simonsick
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satterfield
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaffe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044383:Black People; D001823:Body Composition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American