title: Hypothermia and excessive sweating following intrathecal morphine in a parturient undergoing cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intrathecal morphine has been used for the relief of postoperative pain following cesarean delivery. We report a case of postoperative hypothermia down to 33.6 degrees C associated with excessive sweating in patient undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal bupivacaine anesthesia who received intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  A healthy 31-year-old multigravida presented for elective cesarean delivery. Following prehydration with 500 mL hemaccel, she had a subarachnoid block, using hyperbaric bupivacaine 12 mg and morphine 200 microgram, via a 25-gauge Whitacre needle. In the recovery room, 3 hours after induction of spinal anesthesia, the patient's sublingual temperature was 33.6 degrees C and she was noted to be sedated and sweating excessively. During the next 2 hours, the patient was still hypothermic despite active warming. She also complained of severe nausea, vomiting, and moderate pruritus. Following administration of naloxone 400 microgram sedation, vomiting, and pruritus were relieved. Also, the patient experienced excessive shivering, and her body temperature started to increase in association with a concurrent decrease of sweating. The postoperative hypothermia and excessive sweating in our patient may be related to the cephalad spread of the intrathecal morphine within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to reach the level of opioid receptors in the hypothalamus, causing a perturbation of the thermoregulatory center. This effect could be counteracted by administration of naloxone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal morphine may cause disruption of thermoregulation resulting in hypothermia associated with excessive sweating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Sahar S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sayyid
authors.forename: Dima G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Anis S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Baraka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009270:Naloxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine