title: Prophylactic ip injection of bupivacaine and/or morphine does not improve postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of ip bupivacaine and/or morphine for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic surgery. A controversy exists on the effectiveness and clinical value of ip injection of local anesthetics for postoperative analgesia. A possible peripheral analgesic effect of morphine after ip injection remains debated as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, study to compare the efficacy of prophylactic ip administration of 0.9% saline (n = 16), 0.5% bupivacaine (100 mg, n = 15), morphine (3 mg, n = 16) and a mixture with 0.5% bupivacaine (100 mg) and morphine (3 mg, n = 18) to reduce both postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. A multimodal analgesia regimen (acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and morphine) was used for postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was observed in postoperative pain scores (visual analogue scale at rest and on coughing), or analgesic requirements during the first 24 postoperative hours between the four groups. There was also no significant intergroup difference in sedation scores and incidence of nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When multimodal postoperative analgesia is used, prophylactic ip administration of 100 mg bupivacaine and/or 3 mg morphine does not significantly improve postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France. hawakeita@club-internet.fr
authors.forename: Hawa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.forename: Jean Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Benifla
authors.forename: Violaine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le Bouar
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porcher
authors.forename: Bogena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wachowska
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bedairia
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantz
authors.forename: Jean Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Desmonts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine