title: The metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated circulating C-reactive protein in healthy reference range, a systemic low-grade inflammatory state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the underlying mechanisms between C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association of circulating CRP in healthy reference range (< or =1.0 mg/dl) measured by high-sensitive CRP assay with the metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of circulating CRP in adult men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3692 Japanese men aged 34-69 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum CRP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, uric acid, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant positive correlation between CRP and BMI (r=0.25), total cholesterol (r=0.096), triglycerides (r=0.22), LDL-cholesterol (r=0.12), fasting glucose (r=0.088), fasting insulin (r=0.17), uric acid (r=0.13), systolic blood pressure (r=0.12), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.11), and a significant negative correlation of CRP with HDL-cholesterol (r=0.24). After adjusting for age, smoking, and all other components of MS, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperuricemia were significantly associated with both mildly (> or =0.06 mg/dl) and moderately (> or =0.11 mg/dl) elevated CRP. Compared with men who had no such components of the MS, those who had one, two, three, four, and five or more components were, respectively, 1.48, 1.84, 1.92, 3.42, and 4.17 times more likely to have mildly elevated CRP levels (trend P<0.001). As for moderately elevated CRP, the same association was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a variety of components of the MS are associated with elevated CRP levels in a systemic low-grade inflammatory state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Field of Social Life Science, Program in Health and Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. tamako@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein