title: Neuropsychological assessment and telemedicine: a preliminary study examining the reliability of neuropsychology services performed via telecommunication.
abstract: Within the last decade, various applications of two-way audio-visual telecommunication have been implemented in the Norwegian health care system to facilitate the delivery of medical services to patients located in rural areas away from the hospitals. This technology may also be useful to extend neuropsychological services to underserved areas and thereby reduce the patients' travel time and costs. In the current study, a total of 12 visual, verbal and performance tests were administered face-to-face and via videophones to 32 volunteer participants to examine the consistency and stability of test-scores when delivered via different formats. The obtained reliability coefficients ranged from .37 to .86 with a median value of .74. When testing for mean differences, the measures on verbal learning (WMS-Logical Memory I) and auditory attention (Seashore Rhythm Test) differed significantly due to administration format (t = 2.34, p = .024 and t = 2.37, p = .025, respectively). The findings imply that administration format does not appear to affect the reliability of measurement but neuropsychological test performance is significantly higher for the measures of attention and memory when delivered via videophone. Additional research on these cognitive domains is required, and if the observed differences due to testing format persist, separate normative data via telecommunication will be required before assessments are carried out. Also, since only normal participants were included in this study, the findings may have external validity for normal populations, but similar controlled trials with patients need to be completed before remote assessments can be implemented in regular clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. svenn.jacobsen@ulleval.no
authors.forename: Svenn E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sprenger
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Jan-Magne
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krogstad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014796:Visual Perception