title: Arterial vascular properties in individuals with spina bifida.
abstract: METHODS
  Observational cross-sectional study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the vascular characteristics of the arterial circulation in individuals with spina bifida (SB) in comparison with individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied controls (C).
  
  
  METHODS
  University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six spina bifida (SB), 15 spinal cord injury (SCI) and 10 C were included. Red blood cell velocities and arterial diameter of the common carotid artery and common femoral artery were measured using echo-Doppler ultrasound in a supine position. A venous blood sample was withdrawn for determination of blood viscosity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the common carotid artery, blood flow and wall shear stress were not different between the three groups. The diameter was smaller in SB compared with SCI and C. In the common femoral artery, blood flow was smaller in SB than in SCI and C. Wall shear stress was significantly higher in SB and SCI compared with C. High wall shear stress may lead to endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deteriorating vascular properties are present in SB as well as in spinal-cord-injured individuals in comparison with C. These properties tend to be more pronounced in SB than in SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C R L
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Langen
authors.forename: M T E
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D001810:Blood Volume; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods; D014655:Vascular Resistance