title: Macrophage depletion following liposomal-encapsulated clodronate (LIP-CLOD) injection enhances megakaryocytopoietic and thrombopoietic activities in mice.
abstract: Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular process by which stem cells progress through commitment, proliferation and differentiation, leading to the production of platelets. In the mouse, this process is accomplished within the bone marrow (BM) and spleen microenvironment and is carried out by regulatory molecules and accessory cells, including macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial-like cells. Previously, we demonstrated that specific macrophage depletion, using liposomal-encapsulated clodronate (LIP-CLOD), induced a rapid recovery of the platelet count in a mouse model of immune thrombocytopenia. We now show that LIP-CLOD treatment also provoked enhancement of both megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis. In fact, a dose-dependent increase in the number of BM and spleen megakaryocytes was detected after treatment and this pattern correlated inversely to the macrophage count detected in these organs. Furthermore, the mice treated with the higher dose of LIP-CLOD showed signs of enhanced thrombopoiesis as they had an increased frequency of reticulated platelets and an improvement in the total platelet count 2 d later. In addition, the in vitro cytokine-induced megakaryocytopoiesis in BM and spleen cell cultures was significantly augmented in the presence of LIP-CLOD. Taken together, these results suggest that BM and spleen microenvironmental macrophages could be involved in the regulation of megakaryocyte and platelet production.
authors.affiliation: División Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. ferar@ciudad.com.ar
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alves-Rosa
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanganelli
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capozzo
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narbaitz
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Martín A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isturiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008081:Liposomes; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010976:Platelet Count; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D034061:Thrombopoiesis
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D004002:Clodronic Acid