title: Red wine polyphenolic compounds inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Moderate consumption of red wine has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. This study examines whether red wine polyphenolic compounds (RWPCs) affect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, a major angiogenic and proatherosclerotic factor in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis and the release of VEGF by immunoassay in cultured VSMCs. Short-term and long-term exposure of VSMCs to RWPCs inhibited VEGF mRNA expression and release of VEGF in response to platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGFAB), transforming growth factor-beta1, or thrombin. The PDGFAB-induced expression of VEGF was markedly reduced by SB203580 (inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK]), antioxidants, and diphenylene iodonium (inhibitor of flavin-dependent enzymes), slightly reduced by PD98059 (inhibitor of MEK), and not significantly affected by wortmannin (inhibitor of PI-3-kinase) and L-JNKI (inhibitor of JNK). Short-term and long-term treatment of VSMCs with RWPCs markedly reduced PDGFAB-induced production of reactive oxygen species and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that RWPCs strongly inhibit growth factor-induced VEGF expression in VSMCs by preventing the redox-sensitive activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. The potential antiangiogenic and antiatherosclerotic properties of RWPCs are likely to contribute to cardiovascular protection by preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacologie et Physico-Chimie des Interactions Cellulaires et Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 7034, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Min-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oak
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chataigneau
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keravis
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chataigneau
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beretz
authors.forename: Ramaroson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andriantsitohaina
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stoclet
authors.forename: Soon-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Valérie B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Schini-Kerth
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014920:Wine; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D009861:Onium Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D059808:Polyphenols; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013917:Thrombin; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin