title: Behavioral evidence of color vision deficiency in a protanomalia chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Although color vision deficiency is very rare among Old World monkeys and apes, one male chimpanzee (Lucky) was identified as protanomalous by genetic and physiological analyses. This study assessed behavioral phenotypes of Lucky and four chimpanzees with normal color vision by discrimination task using the modified Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates. Lucky could not discriminate the stimuli that the other chimpanzees could. This is the first behavioral evidence of color vision deficiency in chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akichika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kowa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koida
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Akishi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Migaku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Yuusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000502:physiology*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000662:veterinary*