title: Traffic crash involvement: experiential driving knowledge and stressful contextual antecedents.
abstract: Researchers have rarely examined stressful environments and psychological characteristics as predictors of driving behavior in the same study. The authors hypothesized that (a) safer drivers more accurately assess physical and emotional traffic hazards and (b) stress and emotional states elevate crash risk. The hypotheses were evaluated with procedural and declarative tacit driving knowledge tests requiring assessment of emotional and contextual hazards and with accident reports describing crash antecedents, including stressful events and environmental conditions. Analyses identified separate driving knowledge factors corresponding to emotional and contextual hazards that were significantly related to the crash criteria. Accident report analyses show that stress significantly elevates at-fault crash risk. The results demonstrate the importance of experiential knowledge acquired without instruction (procedural or tacit knowledge) and provide safety recommendations.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Alexandria, Virginia 22333, USA. legree@ari.army.mil
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Legree
authors.forename: Tonia S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Psotka
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Gina J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Medsker
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D004493:Education; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological