title: Acute and chronic ocular symptoms of dorzolamide 2% compared with placebo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize and compare the ocular comfort and symptoms of dorzolamide and tear-replacement drops (placebo) in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized in a double-masked fashion to receive each medicine for 6 days twice daily. Patients used a visual analog scale to assess the quality and intensity of pain temporally after initial (acute) dosing and after 6 days of chronic dosing. The visual analog scale, an objective measure of pain, allows a subject to grade their perceived intensity of pain on a line between 0 and 100 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 28 subjects enrolled in the study, 27 completed the protocol (1 subject was lost to follow-up). Dorzolamide demonstrated statistically greater peak ocular pain (21.4 +/- 22.3 mm) compared with placebo (1.9 +/- 4.4 mm) (P<0.0001) after chronic dosing. Time of mean peak pain for dorzolamide products was 15 seconds after dosing. The pain was statistically greater with dorzolamide compared with placebo for 50 seconds after dosing. On average the discomfort associated with dorzolamide lasted 38.9 +/- 17.9 seconds after dosing. The average pain per second for the first minute was 7.1 +/- 10.1 mm for dorzolamide. No differences in pain intensity were observed after acute and chronic dosing. The discomfort with dorzolamide was characterized after chronic dosing as "burning" (14.8 +/- 25.0 mm) and was associated with tearing (1.9 +/- 5.2 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dorzolamide caused more ocular pain after instillation than placebo. However, the pain was characterized as mild and quickly resolved.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Research Corporation, Charleston, South Carolina 29412-2464, USA. prnc@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jeanette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jessica N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Leech
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C062765:dorzolamide