title: Persistence, mobility, efficacy and activity of chloroacetanilide herbicide formulation under greenhouse and field experiments.
abstract: Persistence, stability, mobility and activity characteristics of organoclay and commercial formulation of alachlor were evaluated in soil columns and field plots in Gaza, Palestine. Relative concentrations of alachlor were accumulated in the top soil as determined by bioassay and consequently its mobility was retarded in soil treated with organoclay formulation. Alachlor applied as commercial EC formulation readily distributed through the soil media to a deeper depth. The herbicidal activity of alachlor applied as organoclay formulation was limited to the top soil whereas it disappeared from the top soil in plots treated with EC commercial formulation. Greenhouse and field experiments showed persistence, reduced mobility, safe and effective herbicide formulation at a significantly reduced applied rate when alachlor was applied as organoclay formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Research Institute (EPRI), PO Box 1175, Gaza, Palestine. y_el_nahhal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El-Nahhal
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D008877:Middle East; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C000188:alachlor