title: Limbal relaxing incisions for primary mixed astigmatism and mixed astigmatism after cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) in the treatment of primary mixed astigmatism and mixed astigmatism after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Limbal relaxing incisions were performed to correct astigmatism in 37 eyes of 26 patients with mixed astigmatism. Twenty-four eyes had primary astigmatism, and 13 eyes had astigmatism after cataract surgery. The length, number, and depth of the incisions were determined using the Gills and Gayton nomogram. The manifest refractive astigmatism was measured preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Surgically induced astigmatism using the vector method, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) were evaluated. Follow-up was at least 6 months in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean preoperative and postoperative refractive astigmatism was 3.31 diopters (D) +/- 1.50 (SD) and 1.59 +/- 1.28 D, respectively (P <.001). The mean absolute change in refractive astigmatism was 1.72 +/- 0.81 D. No patient lost lines of UCVA or BSCVA. The safety index was 1.21 and the efficacy index, 0.88. The mean preoperative and postoperative UCVA was 0.29 +/- 0.22 and 0.54 +/- 0.31, respectively (P =.0001) and the mean BSCVA, 0.61 +/- 0.30 and 0.74 +/- 0.30, respectively (P =.0001). The mean vectorial magnitude was 2.32 +/- 1.36 D at the last follow-up. There were no serious postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limbal relaxing incisions are a simple, safe, and effective method to correct primary mixed astigmatism and mixed astigmatism after cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Inönü University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Malatya, Turkey. hbayramlar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bayramlar
authors.forename: Mutlu C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dağlioğlu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borazan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016850:Limbus Corneae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D014792:Visual Acuity