title: Highly suppressible expression of single-chain interleukin-12 by doxycycline following adenoviral infection with a single-vector Tet-regulatory system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenoviral vectors have been shown to efficiently transfer DNA into a wide variety of eukaryotic cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the therapeutic benefit of this approach is limited by severe side effects as a result of uncontrolled transgene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bi-directional promoter that controls the desired transgene as well as a tetracycline-suppressible transactivator (tTA) was cloned into the E1-region of E1-deleted recombinant adenoviral vectors. Autoregulation within this construct was obtained by tTA expression under control of the operator, to which tTA binds in the absence of tetracycline. Consequently, binding of tetracycline to tTA results in downregulation of tTA as well as the co-expressed transgene in the infected cell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to suppress luciferase-reporter gene expression by up to 16 000-fold in the presence of doxycycline (dox, 2 micro g/ml). Under control of this tetracycline-regulated system, single-chain interleukin-12 (scIL12) was expressed. Adenovirally mediated expression of this potentially lethal cytokine with strong activation of antitumoral immune response was downregulated by up to 6000-fold in the presence of dox. Subsequently, this downregulation also resulted in a highly significant reduction of interferon-gamma secretion by stimulated splenocytes. These mainly contribute to the toxicity of this immunotherapeutic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With expression levels exceeding those of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in almost all cell lines tested, these new vectors will also contribute to the safety of adenoviral approaches by controlled expression without compromising on maximum expression levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. block@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puls
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Milasinovic
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Igelmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kupfermann
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmoldt
authors.forename: Detlev
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ameis
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greten
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C034811:tetracycline resistance-encoding transposon repressor protein; D018664:Interleukin-12; D004318:Doxycycline