title: HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) exposed to alcohol.
abstract: Epidemiological and in vitro studies have implied that heavy alcohol consumption may increase an individual's risk of HIV-1 infection. To examine the role of alcohol in direct infection of T-cells, viral reverse transcripts and HIV-1 receptor expression were examined in infected peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) pretreated with alcohol. PCR results showed that alcohol increased HIV-1 DNA in PBLs by at least 10-fold. Alcohol enhanced the expression of the CXCR4 chemokine co-receptor but not the major HIV-1 CD4 receptor. Pretreatment with alcohol was also associated with increased intracellular cAMP. Thus, alcohol may facilitate enhanced viral infection by increasing the availability of HIV-1 co-receptor. This effect is associated with increases in intracellular cAMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science, Hawkins Building, Room 3067, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. xuliu@cdrewu.edu
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Junli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishitani
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zack
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000097:blood; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D000431:Ethanol; D000242:Cyclic AMP