title: Internal redistribution of radiolabelled silver among tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla): the influence of silver speciation.
abstract: Influence of water Ag(I) speciation on pharmacokinetics of Ag(I) during a post-exposure period was investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The rainbow trout is sensitive to waterborne ionic Ag(+) whereas the eel is tolerant. The fish were acclimated to either of two chloride concentrations, 10 or 1200 microM, in synthetic soft water and then exposed to a sublethal 24-h pulse of 1.3 microgl(-1) of 110mAg(I) added as 110mAgNO(3) in these waters. The protocol provided exposures to mainly the free ion Ag(+) (low chloride water) or mainly AgCl(aq) (high chloride water). Contents and concentrations of 110mAg(I) in tissues and body fluids were then monitored over a 67-day post-exposure period in Ag(I)-free water of the same chloride levels. Changing the speciation of Ag(I) in the water had no effect on the whole body load of 110mAg(I), but did result in differences in internal distribution. In trout, changing water Ag(I) speciation significantly altered elimination or accumulation of Ag(I) in several body compartments. Notably, trout exposed to AgCl(aq) eliminated 110mAg(I) from the kidney more quickly than trout exposed to Ag(I) primarily as Ag(+). This elimination was matched by higher concentrations of 110mAg in liver of trout exposed to Ag(I) primarily as AgCl(aq). In eel, shifting speciation from Ag(+) to AgCl(aq) hastened elimination of 110mAg(I) from mid and posterior intestine and increased 110mAg(I) retention in kidney. While there was no difference between the two fish species in whole body 110mAg(I) load, most internal body compartments of trout had higher 110mAg(I) concentrations than those in eel early in the experiment. Because tissue-specific elimination times were longer in eel than in trout, these differences were generally cancelled by the end of the 67-day depuration period. The only exception was the liver, which in trout continued to accumulate 110mAg(I) throughout the experiment but in eel remained unchanged. The combined effect of 110mAg(I) movements in the two species was that trout retained all their accumulated 110mAg(I) through the 67-day period, whereas the body burden of 110mAg(I) in eel was reduced to half initial values by day 67.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, School of Health and Life Sciences Division of Life Sciences, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NN, London, UK. christer.hogstrand@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hogstrand
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosell
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000811:Anguilla; D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018030:Silver Compounds; D014873:Water Pollutants; D012834:Silver; C037548:silver chloride