Reservoirs, sanctuaries, and residual disease: the hiding spots of HIV-1.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has profoundly decreased morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, at least in the developed world. Many infected individuals have plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA below the limits of detection of most clinical assays due to combination antiretroviral therapy. Nonetheless, HIV-1 has not been eradicated by HAART. This has been shown recently to be due to latent HIV-1 replication-competent provirus in resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes, cryptic viral replication below the limits of detection of most clinical assays, and viral sanctuary sites. An understanding of these sanctuaries and reservoirs for HIV-1 in the setting of virally suppressive HAART will be critical in developing new approaches to induce HIV-1 remissions or the possibility of viral eradication in the future.
Pomerantz
Roger J
RJ
Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. roger.j.pomerantz@mail.tju.edu
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017735:Virus Latency; D014779:Virus Replication
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents