Characterization of the ligand-binding site of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: the role of glutamate residues 97, 224, AND 235.
Ligand-gated ion channels of the Cys loop family are receptors for small amine-containing neurotransmitters. Charged amino acids are strongly conserved in the ligand-binding domain of these receptor proteins. To investigate the role of particular residues in ligand binding of the serotonin 5-HT3AS receptor (5-HT3R), glutamate amino acid residues at three different positions, Glu97, Glu224, and Glu235, in the extracellular N-terminal domain were substituted with aspartate and glutamine using site-directed mutagenesis. Wild type and mutant receptor proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by electrophysiology, radioligand binding, fluorescence measurements, and immunochemistry. A structural model of the ligand-binding domain of the 5-HT3R based on the acetylcholine binding protein revealed the position of the mutated amino acids. Our results demonstrate that mutations of Glu97, distant from the ligand-binding site, had little effect on the receptor, whereas mutations Glu224 and Glu235, close to the predicted binding site, are indeed important for ligand binding. Mutations E224Q, E224D, and E235Q decreased EC50 and Kd values 5-20-fold, whereas E235D was functionally expressed at a low level and had a more than 100-fold increased EC50 value. Comparison of the fluorescence properties of a fluorescein-labeled antagonist upon binding to wild type 5-HT3R and E235Q, allowed us to localize Glu235 within a distance of 1 nm around the ligand-binding site, as proposed by our model.
Schreiter
Christoph
C
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Institute of Biomolecular Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Hovius
Ruud
R
Costioli
Matteo
M
Pick
Horst
H
Kellenberger
Stephan
S
Schild
Laurent
L
Vogel
Horst
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002460:Cell Line; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D017829:Granisetron / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection; D014316:Tritium
D018698:Glutamic Acid; D017829:Granisetron; D008024:Ligands; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D014316:Tritium