title: Double-blind randomized comparison of xylocaine and saline in paracervical block for diagnostic fractional curettage.
abstract: Comparative study of the level of the reported pain between patients who received xylocaine and normal saline for paracervical block during fractional curettage was carried out in 70 patients in a double blind randomized controlled trial. One group of patients received xylocaine for paracervical block just before the procedure was performed while the other group received normal saline in the same manner. Self-reported pain intensity using visual analog scale was assessed at four time points including the first time point when Allis tissue forceps was applied on the cervix, the second and third time points when curettage was done on the endocervix and in the endometrial cavity respectively. The last time point was evaluated at 30 minutes after the procedure. The results of the study revealed pain occurring in patients in the normal saline group was more severe than those in the xylocaine group with statistically significant difference at the second time point (visual analog scale 4.80 +/- 2.7 in the normal saline group compared to 3.20 +/- 2.4 in the xylocaine group, p < 0.05) and third time point (visual analog scale 8.17 +/- 2.0 in the normal saline group compared to 4.94 +/- 3.1 in the xylocaine group, p < 0.05 ). On the contrary, pain occurring in patients in the normal saline group and xylocaine group was not statistically significantly different at the first time point (visual analog scale 3.62 +/- 2.7 in the normal saline group compared to 3.97 +/- 2.8 in the xylocaine group, p > 0.05) and the fourth time point (visual analog scale 1.34 +/- 2.0 in the normal saline group compared to 1.57 +/- 2.6 in the xylocaine group, p > 0.05). Before this study, there was an idea that normal saline solution could be considered for the paracervical injection solution. The explanation for this was the local anesthetic mechanism may be from distension of nerve capsules rather than blockage of specific autonomic nerves. However, this study showed that nerve capsule distension is not the only factor for pain control in paracervical block. An analgesic agent is still an important factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Vitaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Titapant
authors.forename: Saifon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chawanpaiboon
authors.forename: Kudkanang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boonpektrakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013785:Thailand; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008012:Lidocaine