title: Does ageism affect the management of ischaemic heart disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse access by age to exercise testing, coronary angiography, revascularisation (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent insertion and coronary artery bypass graft surgery) and receipt of thrombolysis, where indicated, for hospital patients with diagnosed cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case note analysis, tracking each case backwards and forwards by 12 months from the patient's date of entry to the study. The setting was a district hospital in the eastern part of outer London. The case notes eligible for inclusion were those of elective and emergency in-patients with an in-patient ICD-10 code of ischaemic heart disease, angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction and a consecutive 20% sample of new cardiac outpatients with these diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of 712 case notes showed that older hospital patients with ischaemic heart disease, and with indications for further investigation, were less likely than younger people to be referred for exercise tolerance tests and cardiac catheterisation and angiography. This was independent of both gender and severity of condition. Older patients did not appear to be discriminated against in relation to receipt of indicated treatments (revascularisation or thrombolysis), although, in the case of revascularisation, older patients were more likely to have been filtered out at the investigation stage (catheterisation and angiography), so selection bias partly explains this finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings from a single hospital are comparable with the results from a broader study of equity of access by age to cardiological interventions in another district hospital in the same region. Although only two hospitals were analysed, the similarity of findings enhances the generalisability of the results presented here. It appears that age per se causes older cardiac hospital patients to be treated differently.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ageing Population Studies, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Banning
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011287:Prejudice; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013222:State Medicine; D015607:Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data