title: Association of fibrin and interleukin 8 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently demonstrated that fibrin induces a specific, dose- and time-dependent upregulation of the angiogenic factor interleukin 8 (IL-8) from human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells in vitro. In this study we begin to test the hypothesis that fibrin induces IL-8 expression from tumor cells in vivo by studying their in vivo association in OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of fibrin(ogen) was initially evaluated in 20 archival human OSCCs by means of immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody. The presence of fibrin and IL-8 was then studied in 19 sections from 8 different patients' head and neck tumors (including 6 OSCCs) by means of immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against fibrin. These 8 tumors had been treated with inhibitors of new fibrin formation and degradation immediately after surgical removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrin staining was found in 100% of the tumor sections tested. IL-8 staining was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 100% of the studied tumors, including areas adjacent to fibrin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate an in vivo association between fibrin and IL-8 in OSCC. These studies support our hypothesis that fibrin induces expression of protumorigenic factors such as IL-8 from tumor cells in vivo.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3105, USA.
authors.forename: Rajesh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lalla
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Spiro
authors.forename: Marvin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tanzer
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016209:Interleukin-8; D005337:Fibrin; D005340:Fibrinogen