title: Helicobacter pylori infection is not involved in the pathogenesis of either erosive or non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of reflux patients have non-erosive reflux disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of Helicobacter pylori on oesophageal acid exposure in patients with both non-erosive and erosive reflux disease and in a group of controls. The pattern and distribution of chronic gastritis were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve consecutive patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease agreed to undergo both upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 24-h oesophageal pH-metry. Patients were grouped as H. pylori-positive or H. pylori-negative on the basis of both CLO-test and histology, and as cases with or without oesophagitis on the basis of endoscopy. The controls consisted of 19 subjects without reflux symptoms and with normal endoscopy and oesophageal pH-metry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori was positive in 35 patients (31%) and in six controls (31%); oesophagitis was found in 44 patients (39%) and non-erosive reflux disease in 68 (61%). The prevalence of chronic gastritis in the antrum and corpus was higher in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative patients (P < 0.001), but was more frequently mild (P < 0.001) than moderate or severe. The percentage total time the oesophageal pH < 4.0 was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.008-0.001), but there was no difference between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients (12.3% vs. 12%, P = 0.43) or H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative controls (1.07% vs. 1.47%, P = 0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori infection had the same prevalence in reflux patients and in controls. It did not affect oesophageal acid exposure, as there was no difference between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative individuals. The high prevalence of mild body gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients suggests that H. pylori eradication is unlikely to lead to gastric functional recovery, which might precipitate or worsen symptoms and lesions in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zentilin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iiritano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vignale
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bilardi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gambaro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dulbecco
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tessieri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reglioni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mansi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastracci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fiocca
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savarino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged