title: Willingness of high school students to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the willingness of high school students to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillation (AED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of high school students was surveyed regarding how they would respond if they witnessed a cardiac arrest. Participants were first shown a video segment on the operation of an automated external defibrillator. They were then shown a series of video clips depicting six different cardiac arrest scenarios: motor vehicle collision (MVC) with facial bleeding, pediatric drowning, intravenous (IV) drug user, choking family member, victim of differing race, and victim with facial vomitus. Following each video, the subjects were asked how they would respond had they actually witnessed a similar event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With parental permission and institutional review board approval, 683 students participated, representing 6.8% of the total student body. Of these, 585 (86%) were trained in CPR and 142 (21%) in AED. One hundred six participants (16%) had witnessed a cardiac arrest prior to the survey. Of these, 24 (23%) had intervened in some way. Twenty (19%) had performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR), 15 (14%) had performed chest compressions (CC), and one (0.9%) had performed AED. Across all six mock scenarios and all 683 respondents collectively (4,098 simulated cardiac arrest events), the respondents indicated they would be willing to perform AED 1,308 times (32%). In comparison, the respondents indicated they would be willing to perform MMR 1,768 times (43%) and CC 2,249 times (55%). More respondents were willing to intervene on behalf of a child or family member, while fewer were willing to act in the setting of blood, vomitus, or an IV drug user (p < 0.05). There was no association between willingness to intervene and prior experience with any of the interventions. Fear of infection, legal consequences, and fear of harming the patient were the most frequently cited reasons for not intervening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among high school students, few are willing to perform automated external defibrillation. Willingness to perform MMR and CC appears to depend on the circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medical Care Program, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723, USA. mhubble@email.wcu.edu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hubble
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D016079:Refusal to Treat; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014741:Video Recording