title: Stimulation of lens cell differentiation by gap junction protein connexin 45.6.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to explore the roles gap junctions play in lens epithelial cell differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant retroviruses expressing three chick lens connexins (Cx)-Cx43, Cx45.6, and Cx56-were prepared and used to infect isolated chick lens primary cultures. The expression and distribution of proteins was determined using immunoblots and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Intercellular couplings were assessed by single cell microinjection and scrape-loading dye transfer, and cell proliferation was evaluated by [(3)H]thymidine labeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the three lens connexins, only the cultures overexpressing exogenous Cx45.6 displayed the advancement of lens epithelial-fiber cell differentiation. The lentoids, a unique morphologic structure that is an indicative of lens fiber formation, were formed earlier in Cx45.6 overexpressed cultures; however, the rate of lens cell proliferation was not affected. The expression of the lens differentiation marker proteins, major intrinsic protein (MIP) and delta-crystallin, was also increased in Cx45.6-overexpressing cells. The cells overexpressing Cx45.6 displayed similar levels of intercellular couplings as did the controls. Moreover, exogenously expressed connexins were mostly colocalized with their endogenous counterparts and the overexpression of Cx45.6 had no impact on the expression of endogenous Cx43 and Cx56.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Cx45.6 plays an important role in stimulating lens cell differentiation and fiber formation, which is different from the other lens connexins, Cx43 and Cx56. This stimulatory effect is independent of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication and lens cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. jiangj@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Sumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: X Sean
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xinye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jean X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020346:Aquaporins; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division; D002642:Chick Embryo; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000502:physiology; D017630:Connexins / Q000502:physiology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D038207:delta-Crystallins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D018031:Connexin 43; D017630:Connexins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C030328:aquaporin 0; C082920:connexin 45; C078866:connexin 56; D038207:delta-Crystallins