title: High thoracic epidural anesthesia as the sole anesthetic for performing multiple grafts in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The feasibility of the use of high thoracic epidural anesthesia as a sole anesthetic in patients undergoing beating heart coronary revascularization avoiding general anesthesia was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients underwent beating heart coronary artery revascularization without endotracheal general anesthesia, between October 2001 to May 2002, using high thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia. All the patients underwent epidural catheterization on the evening before the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients received 36 grafts (single, n = 5; double, n = 3; triple, n = 3; quadruple, n = 4). There were 3 female patients and 12 male patients with mean age of 60.6 +/- 5.9 years. Two patients underwent repeat coronary artery bypass. All the patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery; 2 patients underwent grafting via left thoracotomy and the rest through a midsternotomy. There was no conversion to general anesthesia or cardiopulmonary bypass, and there was no mortality. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 18.2 +/- 4.2 hours and in the hospital was 3.2 +/- 1.2 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experience confirms the feasibility of performing multiple coronary artery bypasses in conscious patients without endotracheal general anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Wockhardt Heart Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. chakravarthy@vsnl.com
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jawali
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jayaprakash
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Shivananda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen