title: Comparison of the oxygen cost of breathing exercises and spontaneous breathing in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oxygen demand of breathing exercises and the clinical implications have not been studied in detail. In this study, the oxygen cost of 3 common breathing exercises believed to reduce oxygen cost (ie, work of breathing) was compared with that of spontaneous breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects with stable, moderately severe COPD participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory rate (RR) during spontaneous breathing at rest (SB) were recorded for 10 minutes. Subjects then performed 3 breathing exercises in random order, with a rest between exercises: diaphragmatic breathing (DB), pursed-lip breathing (PLB), and a combination of DB and PLB (CB). Oxygen consumption and RR were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean VO2 ( SD) was lower during the breathing exercises (165.8 +/- 22.3 mL O2/min for DB, 164.8 +/- 20.9 mL O2/min for PLB, and 167.7 +/- 20.7 mL O2/min for CB) compared with SB (174.5 +/- 25.2 mL O2/min). Correspondingly, mean RR (+/- SD) was higher during SB (17.3 +/- 4.23 breaths/min), followed by DB (15.0 +/- 4.32 breaths/min), PLB (12.8 +/- 3.53 breaths/min), and CB (11.2 +/- 2.7 breaths/min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that patients do not spontaneously adopt the breathing pattern with the least O2 and the lowest RR, the results suggest that determinants of the breathing pattern other than metabolic demand warrant being a primary focus in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. rsajones@inet.polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Alice Y M
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Cedric C S
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D013147:Spirometry