title: Socioeconomic status as a common factor underlying the association between enuresis and psychopathology.
abstract: The association between enuresis and psychopathology (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) has been well studied. However, past research failed to adjust this relationship for the influence of sociodemographic variables underlying both problems. This study, using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale, compares 154 enuretic children with a control group of 153 children who had urinary control. The results reveal that enuretic children show significantly higher scores on both questionnaires. However, when sociodemographic variables are entered in the analysis, group differences disappear, and social class category, as a measure of socioeconomic status (SES), becomes a significant factor in explaining the variance in problem scores. Although children with enuresis have more internalizing, externalizing, and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms than continent children, when the analysis is performed controlling for SES, this relationship is no longer present.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Uro/Nephrologic Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Eline.Vanhoecke@rug.ac.be
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoecke
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baeyens
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vande Walle
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roeyers
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001530:Belgium; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors