title: Nasal contribution to breathing with exercise: effect of race and gender.
abstract: Because the nose acts as a filter to prevent penetration of toxic particles and gases to the lower respiratory tract, the route of breathing, oral vs. nasal, may be an important determinant of toxicant dose to the lungs. Using respiratory inductance plethysmography and a nasal mask fitted with flowmeter, we measured the nasal contribution to breathing at rest and during exercise (to 60% maximum workload) in healthy young adults (men/women = 11/11 and Caucasian/African-American = 11/11). We found that the nasal contribution to breathing is less during submaximal exercise in the Caucasians vs. African-Americans (e.g., at 60% maximum workload, mean nasal-to-total ventilation ratio = 0.40 +/- 0.21 and 0.65 +/- 0.24, respectively, P < 0.05). This difference is likely due to the African-Americans' ability to achieve higher maximal inspiratory flows through their nose than the Caucasians. Men also had a lesser nasal contribution to breathing during exercise compared with women. This is likely due to greater minute ventilations at any given percentage of maximum workload in men vs. women.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. William_Bennett@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Kirby L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Zeman
authors.forename: Annie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jarabek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000403:Airway Resistance; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D010991:Plethysmography; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012119:Respiration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People