title: An association of autoantibody status and serum cytokine levels in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: At onset of type 1 diabetes, the islet autoantibody status of patients has been reported to predict progression of the disease. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the systemic immunoregulatory balance, as defined by levels of circulating cytokines and chemokines, is associated with islet autoantibody status. In 50 patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, antibodies to GAD and insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay; cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured by rigidly evaluated double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of four classically defined Th1/Th2 cytokines (gamma-interferon, interleukin [IL]-5, IL-10, IL-13), none showed an association with multiple autoantibody positivity. Of six mediators mainly produced by innate immunity cells, three were associated with multiple autoantibody status (IL-18 increased, MIF and MCP-1 decreased) and three were unaffected (IL-12, MIP-1beta, IP-10). GAD and/or IA-2 antibody titers negatively correlated with systemic concentrations of MIF, MIP-1beta, and IL-12. Combining the data of several cytokine and chemokine levels made it possible to predict islet antibody positivity in individual patients with 85% sensitivity and 94% specificity. These data suggest a close association of islet antibody status with systemic immunoregulation in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: German Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Pejman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanifi-Moghaddam
authors.forename: Nanette C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Schloot
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seissler
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D016207:Cytokines; C096322:ICA512 autoantibody; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8