title: Intracellular magnesium of platelets in children with diabetes and obesity.
abstract: Magnesium (Mg(2+)), the second most abundant intracellular cation, is a critical cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions. By using a fluorescent probe, mag-fura-2, we examined the basal levels and changes in intracellular Mg(2+)([Mg(2+)](i)) of platelets in diabetic and obese children. Under the basal condition, the platelet [Mg(2+)](i) of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the obesity groups was significantly lower than the values in the nondiabetic control group (377 +/- 62 micromol/L, 312 +/- 72 micromol/L, 373 +/- 35 micromol/L v 594 +/- 62 micromol/L, respectively, P <.05). [Mg(2+)](i) was increased after the stimulation with 100 microU/mL of insulin. After 60 seconds of insulin stimulation, the value of [Mg(2+)](i) was lower in the type 1 DM group compared with the control group (729 +/- 85 micromol/L v 1,078 +/- 67 micromol/L, P <.005). The increase in percentage over the resting [Mg(2+)](i) was higher in the type 2 DM group than in the stimulated control group (222% +/- 51% v 98% +/- 18 %, P <.05), although the stimulated [Mg(2+)](i) did not reach the level of the control group. The diabetic patients and obese subjects have [Mg(2+)](i) deficiency. In the type 2 DM and obese groups, platelets responded well to insulin. In children under insulin-resistant states, [Mg(2+)](i) decreases before the poor reactivity to insulin occurs in platelets. Decreased [Mg(2+)](i) might underlie the initial pathophysiologic events leading to insulin resistance and abnormality of platelet coagulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kotera
authors.forename: Yohnosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008274:Magnesium