title: Effect of isoflurane on monocyte adhesion molecule expression in human whole blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruitment of monocytes to inflamed tissue is a crucial step in the acute inflammatory reaction. Adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells followed by transmigration depends on monocyte surface adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines and chemoattractant chemokines. In the present study, we determined the effect of isoflurane on monocyte adhesion receptor expression in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Citrated whole blood was incubated for 60 min with either 0.5 or 1 MAC isoflurane. In unstimulated blood samples and after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) monocyte cell-surface expression of the selectins PSGL-1 and L-selectin, and the beta2-integrins CD11a and CD11b were evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoflurane reduced significantly the expression of PSGL-1 on unstimulated monocytes, whereas the remaining selectins and beta2-integrins were not affected. At both concentrations, the FMLP-induced removal of PSGL-1 from the monocyte surface was increased. Furthermore, at 1 MAC isoflurane the FMLP-induced increase in CD11a expression was significantly inhibited. The surface expression of L-selectin and CD11b was not affected following exposure to isoflurane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflurane increases the removal of the selectin PSGL-1 from the monocyte surface. Since PSGL-1 is important during the initial step of monocyte adhesion to endothelial P-selectin, the decrease in monocyte surface PSGL-1 may have profound effects on monocyte-endothelial interactions. Furthermore, the effects of isoflurane on monocyte adhesion molecule expression are different from those reported for neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany. Lderossi@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: de Rossi
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weingartz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buhre
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040881:CD11a Antigen / Q000097:blood; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D040881:CD11a Antigen; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019007:P-Selectin; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein; D007530:Isoflurane