title: Urinary retinol binding protein in Indo-Asian patients with idiopathic interstitial nephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic interstitial nephritis (IIN) is common in the UK Indo-Asian population. Lack of systemic involvement and unremarkable urinalysis on stick testing suggest that it may underlie some cases of end-stage renal failure of undetermined cause. If IIN is diagnosed early, prompt initiation of treatment can improve long-term outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) is elevated more commonly than urinary albumin in IIN, and might be useful in the early detection of renal disease in Indo-Asian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preliminary observational study
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured urinary RBP and urinary albumin in 19 Indo-Asian patients in whom a renal biopsy had shown IIN, 10 of whom had already been treated with corticosteroids at the time of specimen collection. A further 28 Indo-Asian patients with glomerular disease, and six with normal light-microscopic renal biopsy, were assessed in parallel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary RBP/creatinine ratio (RCR) was elevated in all 19 cases of IIN, compared to 12/19 in whom the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was elevated. Elevated urinary RBP was thus significantly more common than albuminuria in this group (p<0.01). Twelve of the 19 cases also satisfied the criteria for tubular proteinuria. RCR was elevated to >30 times the upper limit of normal in 7/9 who had not previously received corticosteroids, of whom four had normal ACR; none had ACR >5 times the upper limit of normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that measurement of urinary RBP should be explored as an adjunct to albuminuria, if screening for renal disease in the Indo-Asian population is contemplated.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. Simon.Ball@uhb.nhs.uk
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapsley
authors.forename: A G W
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Norden
authors.forename: T D H
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: A B D
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Taube
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology*; D001211:Asia, Western / Q000208:ethnology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000208:ethnology / Q000652:urine*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins