title: Toxicity profiles of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be retarded or halted by disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Next to inefficacy, toxicity limits their use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the toxicity profiles of DMARDs in daily life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and ninety three patients with RA charts (>2300 patient years of treatment) were reviewed at two rheumatology outpatient clinics. All recorded data on toxicity and reasons for stopping treatment were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse events were common reasons for treatment discontinuation (42% of treatments). In 70% they were subjectively reported at the clinical visit, while substantial laboratory abnormalities were seen relatively rarely (9% of treatments: abnormal liver function tests in 5%; haematological abnormalities in 3%; impaired renal function in 1%). No single case of retinopathy from antimalarial drugs (that is, an incidence of <0.3 events/1000 patient years) was found, although eye examinations by the specialists were abnormal 30 times per 1000 patient years, mostly revealing keratopathy. Most commonly reported symptoms per 1000 patient years were nausea (54 events), abdominal pain (37 events), and rashes (34 events). Adverse events were more likely to occur with increasing number of consecutive DMARD courses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first DMARD course in a patient seems to be safer than the consecutive ones. In addition, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) seems to be similar for high and low dose treatment. Data are also provided on types and incidence of AEs that are consistent with previous studies in other countries and different settings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Austria. Daniel.Aletaha@akh-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aletaha
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kapral
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents