title: Focal cortical dysplasias: MR imaging, histopathologic, and clinical correlations in surgically treated patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) covers a spectrum of conditions in which the neuropathologic and electroclinic presentations and the surgical outcomes vary. The aim of this study was to identify the MR features of histologic subtypes of FCD that would be useful for differential diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the MR data of 49 patients treated surgically for intractable partial epilepsy, who received a histologic diagnosis of FCD not associated with other brain abnormalities except hippocampal sclerosis and who were classified by histologic criteria as having architectural dysplasia (28 patients), cytoarchitectural dysplasia (six patients), or Taylor's FCD (15 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the MR features, it was generally possible to distinguish Taylor's FCD from architectural or cytoarchitectural dysplasias (non-Taylor's FCD). Findings suggesting Taylor's FCD were focal cortical thickening, blurring of the gray-white matter junction, and hyperintensity (on T2-weighted images) of subcortical white matter often tapering toward the ventricle. Focal brain hypoplasia with shrinkage and moderate signal intensity alterations in the white matter core were present in most patients with architectural dysplasia. The lesion was generally extratemporal in Taylor's FCD and temporal in architectural dysplasia. Ipsilateral hippocampal sclerosis was often present in architectural dysplasia (dual abnormality).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with FCD, Taylor's FCD and non-Taylor's FCD can usually be distinguished with MR imaging, although some overlap exists. A provisional MR diagnosis is important for presurgical investigations and surgical planning and may have prognostic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale Cà Granda Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tassi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scialfa
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spreafico
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012598:Sclerosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity