title: Underuse of analgesia in very young pediatric patients with isolated painful injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare the use of analgesic agents in very young children with that in older children with isolated painful injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of patients seen between 1999 and 2000 in a pediatric emergency department. Patients aged 6 months to 10 years who sustained isolated long bone fractures or second- and third-degree burns were included. Exclusion criteria included head injury, chest or abdominal trauma, and developmental delay or neurologic disorder. Research subjects were separated into 2 study groups: very young (ages 6 to 24 months) and school age (ages 6 to 10 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty research subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 96 in the very young group and 84 in the school age group. Research subjects in the very young group received no analgesic agents more often than school age research subjects for all injuries (64.6% versus 47.6%, respectively), all fractures (70.6% versus 48.8%, respectively), displaced fractures (55.0% versus 22.0%, respectively), and all burns (50.0% versus 25.0%, respectively). When analgesic agents were administered, very young patients were less likely to receive narcotics compared with school age patients. Analgesic dosing for both the very young and school age groups was similar and within established guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children younger than 2 years of age receive disproportionately less analgesia than school age children, despite having obviously painful conditions. Emergency physicians should consider special issues involved in assessing and managing pain in very young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA. alexajo@mmc.org
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manno
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002056:Burns; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics