title: A p53-dependent checkpoint pathway prevents rereplication.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells control the initiation of DNA replication so that origins that have fired once in S phase do not fire a second time within the same cell cycle. Failure to exert this control leads to genetic instability. Here we investigate how rereplication is prevented in normal mammalian cells and how these mechanisms might be overcome during tumor progression. Overexpression of the replication initiation factors Cdt1 and Cdc6 along with cyclin A-cdk2 promotes rereplication in human cancer cells with inactive p53 but not in cells with functional p53. A subset of origins distributed throughout the genome refire within 2-4 hr of the first cycle of replication. Induction of rereplication activates p53 through the ATM/ATR/Chk2 DNA damage checkpoint pathways. p53 inhibits rereplication through the induction of the cdk2 inhibitor p21. Therefore, a p53-dependent checkpoint pathway is activated to suppress rereplication and promote genetic stability.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 80 East Concord Street, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Yesu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wagle
authors.forename: Deog Su
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C467199:CDT1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D019925:Cyclin A; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases