title: Intraosseous infusion.
abstract: Establishing vascular access is vital in the resuscitation of critically-ill children and adults. Intraosseous infusion (IOI) is a viable route for providing vascular access when traditional intravenous methods cannot be accomplished. IOI is relatively easy to perform and is a standard recommended intervention for the resuscitation of both adults and children. The authors review the history, anatomy, technique, and clinical application of IOI. They also highlight the use of IOI in the prehospital setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: LaRocco
authors.forename: Henry E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D022561:Advanced Cardiac Life Support / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009339:Needles