title: Neutrophils induce sequential focal changes in endothelial adherens junction components: role of elastase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In vitro studies have indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) traverse endothelial cell monolayers via the paracellular pathway (i.e., through endothelial cell-cell junctions. Herein, we assessed whether the adherens junctions (AJs) are disrupted during PMN transendothelial cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were grown to confluence on porous membranes and activated with interleukin-1beta, and PMN transendothelial migration was facilitated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Using dual immunofluorescence staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy, we assessed the effects of PMN-endothelial cell adhesive interactions (i.e., adhesion to and emigration across monolayers) on the AJ components vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and gamma-catenin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the AJ immediately adjacent to the adherent PMN, there was a loss of staining for some of the AJ components. AJ components further away from HUVEC-PMN adhesive interactions were unaffected. An iterative approach indicated that the four components were sequentially lost from the AJ. beta-catenin was lost first, followed by VE-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and, finally, gamma-catenin. In the absence of PMNs, the cross-linking of VE-cadherin, but not platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 or intercellular adhesion molecule-1, increased the cytoplasmic accumulation of beta-catenin. During PMN transendothelial migration, all of the junctional components under study were lost at the immediate site of monolayer penetration. Again, at regions removed from the actual site of PMN penetration of the monolayers, the AJ components were unaffected. PMN-induced disorganization of the AJs was partially prevented by an elastase inhibitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that adherent PMNs induce a localized, sequential disassembly of AJs, which is partially mediated by PMN-derived elastase and involves the initial loss of an intracellular component of AJs (i.e., beta-catenin).
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology/Inflammation Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Carmen V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cepinskas
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savickiene
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandig
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kvietys
mesh_terms: D022005:Adherens Junctions / Q000378:metabolism*; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099152:Cadherin 5; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human