title: Bladder filling by autologous urine production during cystometry: a urodynamic pitfall!
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rate of autologous urine production should not have a major disturbing influence on cystometric urodynamic parameters such as first filling sensation, normal desire to void, strong desire to void, and cystometric bladder capacity. Instructions to patients and drinking behavior can have considerable impact, especially if filling cystometry is preceded by free uroflowmetry. We studied the influence of autologous urine production during filling cystometry on total bladder volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urodynamic investigations performed between September of 2000 and February of 2001 were analyzed. Only those urodynamic investigations for which total bladder capacity could be calculated were taken into account (i.e., catheterization before and after cystometry and no urine loss during the investigations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After screening, 186 investigations were used for further analysis. Mean filled volume (external infusion plus autologous urine production) was 346 +/- 152 mL, but mean real bladder capacity (i.e., voided volume + residual urine) was 391 +/- 170 mL. In all patients, 14% extra urine was produced due to autologous urine production (mean filling rate, 6.1 mL/min). In 42% of the investigations, the real bladder capacity was more than 110% of the infused volume. In 18% of the patients, the contribution of natural bladder filling was more than 25% of the infused volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Natural bladder filling plays a substantial role during filling cystometry and has a disturbing influence on calculated urodynamic parameters. Attention should be paid to patient instructions before the urodynamic investigation. The combination of free uroflowmetry followed by filling cystometry should be avoided. This avoidance is especially important if interventional studies are performed. Careful interpretation of studies depending on bladder capacity parameters is mandatory, and such parameters should be corrected for autologous bladder filling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, UMC St. Radboud Nijmegen, The Netherlands. j.heesakkers@uro.azn.nl
authors.forename: John P F A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Heesakkers
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vandoninck
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Balken
authors.forename: Bart L H
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Bemelmans
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014556:Urine; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology*