title: Xenogeneic skin graft rejection in M-CSF/macrophage deficient osteopetrotic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cellular infiltrate in xenografts suggests that macrophages may be involved in xenograft rejection. However, the precise role of macrophages in xenograft rejection has not yet been fully addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xenogeneic rat skin grafts were transplanted to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)/macrophage-deficient osteopetrotic ([OP]-/-) and wild-type control mice. Skin graft survival and antidonor rat humoral responses were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Xenogeneic rat skin grafts survived 13 days in wild-type control mice, survival of rat skin grafts was significantly prolonged to 24 days in [OP]-/- mice (P<0.01). Similar results were observed in sensitized [OP]-/- and control mouse recipients, showing markedly prolonged rat skin graft survival in [OP]-/- mice. Levels of T-cell-dependent antirat antibodies [immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a and IgG3] in sera of [OP]-/- mice were significantly lower than that of control mice 2 weeks post-rat skin grafting. The proliferative responses to xenogeneic rats not to allogeneic mouse stimulation of T cells from [OP]-/- mice were significantly lower than that of wild-type mice. However, neutrilization of M-CSF by anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody (mAb) or the addition of M-CSF to the in vitro culture systems of wild-type or [OP]-/- mouse T-responder cells, respectively, did not significantly change proliferative responses and cytolytic function against xenogeneic rat targets of wild-type or [OP]-/- mouse T-responder cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The in vitro data indicate that M-CSF does not directly regulate cellular immune responses to xenoantigens. The present studies indicate that macrophages may play an important role in immune rejection of xenografts. The precise role of macrophages in xenograft rejection should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, The Lied Transplant Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7690, USA. yongzhao@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wanfen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prall
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Langnas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010022:Osteopetrosis / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor