title: The effect of latanoprost, brimonidine, and a fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide on circadian intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the circadian intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions induced by latanoprost, brimonidine tartrate, and a fixed combination of timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this crossover study, 10 patients with POAG and 10 with OHT were treated with latanoprost once a day, brimonidine twice a day, and a fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide twice a day for 1 month. Four 24-hour tonometric curves were obtained for each patient. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 3, 6, and 9 AM, and at noon and at 3, 6, and 9 PM, and at midnight, using a handheld electronic tonometer with the patient in supine and sitting positions and a Goldmann applanation tonometer with the patient sitting at the slitlamp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduction of circadian IOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the drugs significantly reduced IOP compared with the baseline at all times, except for brimonidine at midnight, 3 AM, and 6 AM. Latanoprost was more effective than brimonidine in lowering IOP at 3 and 6 AM and at 3 PM (P=.03), and the combination of timolol and dorzolamide was more effective than brimonidine at 3 and 9 AM (P=.04) and at 3 and 6 PM (P =.05) and more effective than latanoprost at 9 AM (P=.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latanoprost and the fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide led to similar circadian reductions in IOP, whereas brimonidine was less effective, particularly during the night.
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. lucamrosetti@libero.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orzalesi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottoli
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fogagnolo
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D011187:Posture; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D011810:Quinoxalines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol; C062765:dorzolamide