title: Early-season avian deaths from West Nile virus as warnings of human infection.
abstract: An analysis of 2001 and 2002 West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance data shows that counties that report WNV-infected dead birds early in the transmission season are more likely to report subsequent WNV disease cases in humans than are counties that do not report early WNV-infected dead birds.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA. sguptill@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Guptill
authors.forename: Kathleen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Grant L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marfin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001717:Birds; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*