title: Preference toward a T-helper type 1 response in patients with coronary spastic angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart diseases such as unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in coronary artery spasm. We previously reported a deficiency in NO activity in the spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA). Others have reported that NO influences the immune response. Therefore, we investigated the balance between T-helper type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) responses in patients with CSA by evaluating the frequencies of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T cells and interleukin (IL)-4-producing T cells in the peripheral blood of such patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 50 consecutive patients with CSA, 23 consecutive patients with UA, 36 patients with stable angina (SA), and 21 patients with chest pain syndrome (CPS). Cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells were quantified by 3-color flow cytometry after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. UA and CSA were associated with a significant increase in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IFN-gamma, whereas these conditions caused no significant difference in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IL-4. Culturing with an NO donor compound for 24 hours before stimulation inhibited the increase in the frequency of CD4+ T cells that produced IFN-gamma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that there was a preference toward the Th1-type response in patients with CSA and that T cells showed a reduced Th1-type response after being treated with NO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo, Kumamoto City 860-8556, Japan. yuuki@gpo.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Shinzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hokamaki
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000276:immunology*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000276:immunology*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma