title: Environmental exposures to lead and cadmium measured in human placenta.
abstract: Pregnant women exposed to even low levels of environmental lead and cadmium may experience adverse perinatal effects. To evaluate the usefulness of the placenta for monitoring environmental lead and cadmium exposure, concentrations of both metals were measured in placentas (n = 86) with atomic absorption spectrometry. Environmental exposure was assessed in accordance with the degree of industrial activity and transport pollution near the places of residence. The authors found significantly higher lead and cadmium levels in placentas of women living in urban-industrial areas than in placentas of women living in rural areas. Lead concentrations in placenta reflect environmental exposures; smoking during gestation explained a large portion of placental cadmium. This finding suggests that when a pregnant woman is a heavy smoker, tobacco exposure masks environmental cadmium exposure, especially in areas with low levels of cadmium pollution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falcón
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osuna
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead