title: Collaborative planning for formative assessment and cultural appropriateness in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS): a retrospection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS), Phase 1, developed and pilot-tested interventions to prevent obesity in African-American preadolescent girls. This article describes the collaborative planning process undertaken to take full advantage of formative assessment activities for improving contextual relevance and cultural appropriateness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Working group activities were designed to stimulate awareness and reflection among group members and, through them, among other field center investigators and staff about developmental, cultural, and contextual issues for formative assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone, Internet, and face-to-face interactions across GEMS field centers in Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Palo Alto, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigators and staff involved in intervention development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The utility of the process was judged from feedback by participants and field center principal investigators about the contribution of the collaborative effort to improving the perceived relevance and cultural appropriateness of formative assessment data collection and interpretation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A working bibliography was compiled. A detailed matrix of programmatic, child, family, and contextual issues related to ethnicity, socioeconomic status, general health and lifestyle, food, physical activity, and body image/weight control was completed. Additional guidance was derived from a workshop that involved scholars with expertise in aspects of African-American culture, child development, and family processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This process improved the breadth and depth of GEMS formative assessment activities by increasing the appreciation of the complex structural, contextual, and personal forces at play. A similar process may be useful to other investigators when attempting to develop culturally appropriate interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA. skumanyi@cceb.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Shiriki K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kumanyika
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Story
authors.forename: Bettina M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Beech
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: Janice C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Tiffany M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Karen W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Ayisha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D035841:Behavioral Research; D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010934:Planning Techniques; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000193:education; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States