title: Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: morbidity and mortality in 109 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been advocated as a more highly effective and less morbidity-producing alternative to ablative stereotactic surgery in the treatment of medically intractable movement disorders. Nevertheless, the exact incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure is not well known. In this study the authors reviewed the surgical morbidity and mortality rates in a large series of DBS operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively analyzed surgical complications in their consecutive series of 179 DBS implantations in 109 patients performed by a single surgical team at one center between July 1998 and April 2002. The mean follow-up period was 20 months. There were 16 serious adverse events related to surgery in 14 patients (12.8%). There were two perioperative deaths (1.8%), one caused by pulmonary embolism and the second due to aspiration pneumonia. The other adverse events were two pulmonary embolisms, two subcortical hemorrhages, two chronic subdural hematomas, one venous infarction, one seizure, four infections, one cerebrospinal fluid leak, and one skin erosion. The incidence of permanent sequelae was 4.6% (five of 109 patients). The incidence of device-related complications, such as infection or skin erosion, was also 4.6% (five of 109 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant incidence of adverse events associated with the DBS procedure. Nevertheless, DBS is clinically effective in well-selected patients and should be seriously considered as a treatment option for patients with medically refractory movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Penn Neurological Institute at Pennsylvania Hospital, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Jurg L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.forename: Howard I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Hurtig
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Siderowf
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colcher
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Baltuch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques