title: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced acute inflammation is inhibited by dexamethasone: important role of CXC chemokines KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2.
abstract: This study was conducted to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of dexamethasone during leukocyte recruitment and expression of the CXC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) (CXCL2) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC) (CXCL1) in staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced acute inflammation. To do this, SEB was injected into murine air pouches with or without dexamethasone pretreatment for 2 h. SEB induced infiltration of leukocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the maximal response observed after 4 h of treatment with 10 microg of SEB. The recruited leukocytes comprised more than 77% neutrophils. Moreover, SEB challenge (10 microg) provoked time-dependent secretion of CXC chemokines, which peaked after 1 h. Local administration of antibodies against MIP-2 and KC significantly reduced SEB-triggered neutrophil accumulation by 38 and 59%, respectively. Dexamethasone (10 mg kg(-1)) significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment by 82% and reduced secretion of MIP-2 and KC by 89 and 85%, respectively, in response to SEB challenge. Our data demonstrate that dexamethasone potently inhibits neutrophil recruitment in SEB-induced inflammation. Moreover, we provide evidence that MIP-2 and KC are key mediators in the neutrophil response to SEB. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that dexamethasone attenuates SEB-induced expression of MIP-2 and KC. Thus, this study elucidates important signaling pathways of SEB-induced neutrophil recruitment and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of dexamethasone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thorlacius
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015846:Monokines / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D004768:Enterotoxins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015846:Monokines; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D003907:Dexamethasone