title: Diagnosis of glaucoma by indirect classifiers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demonstration of the applicability of a framework called indirect classification to the example of glaucoma classification. Indirect classification combines medical a priori knowledge and statistical classification methods. The method is compared to direct classification approaches with respect to the estimated misclassification error.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indirect classification is applied using classification trees and the diagnosis of glaucoma. Misclassification errors are reduced by bootstrap aggregation. As direct classification methods linear discriminant analysis, classification trees and bootstrap aggregated classification trees are utilized in the problem of glaucoma diagnosis. Misclassification rates are estimated via 10-fold cross-validation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indirect classification techniques reduce the misclassification error in the context of glaucoma classification compared to direct classification methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embedding a priori knowledge into statistical classification techniques can improve misclassification results. Indirect classification offers a framework to realize this combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lausen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gefeller
mesh_terms: D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged