title: Application of nonlinear phenomena induced by focused ultrasound to bone imaging.
abstract: A tissue deformability image is obtained with the vibroacoustography imaging method using mechanical low-frequency (LF) excitation. This ultrasonic excitation is created locally by means of a focused annular array emitting two primary beams at two close frequencies, f(1) and f(2) (f(2) = f(1) + f(LF)). The LF acoustic emission resulting from the vibration of the medium is detected by a sensitive hydrophone and then used to form the image. This noninvasive imaging method was demonstrated in this study to be suitable for bone imaging, with x and y transverse resolutions less than 300 micro m. Two bone sites susceptible to demineralization were tested: the calcaneus and the neck of the femur. The vibroacoustic method provides valuable ultrasonic images regarding the structure and the elastic properties of bone tissue. Correlation was made between vibroacoustic bone images, performed in vitro, and images acquired by other imaging methods (i.e., bone ultrasound attenuation and x-ray computerized tomography (CT)). Moreover, the amplitudes of vibroacoustic signals radiating from phosphocalcic ceramic samples (bone substitute) of different porosity were evaluated. The good correlation between these results and the description of our images and the quality of vibroacoustic images indicate that bone decalcification could be detected using vibroacoustography.
authors.affiliation: GIP Ultrasons/LUSSI, FRE 2448 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France. calle_s@med.univ_tours.fr
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Callé
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Remenieras
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bou Matar
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Defontaine
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014732:Vibration