title: The chemical reactivity of BNP7787 and its metabolite mesna with the cytostatic agent cisplatin: comparison with the nucleophiles thiosulfate, DDTC, glutathione and its disulfide GSSG.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  BNP7787 is a new chemoprotective agent presently under clinical investigation to protect against cisplatin-induced toxicities, especially nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In the kidneys BNP7787 is postulated to undergo selective conversion into mesna, which can locally detoxify cisplatin. The reactivity of cisplatin with this new chemoprotective agent and with its metabolite mesna was investigated at clinically observed plasma concentrations and compared with the nucleophiles thiosulfate (TS) and DDTC, and with the endogenous compounds glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reaction kinetics experiments were performed at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 in the presence of a high chloride concentration (0.15 M). The degradation of cisplatin was measured over time using HPLC with off-line flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degradation half-lives of cisplatin (13.5 microM) with 17.2 m M BNP7787, 340 microM mesna and 17.2 m M mesna were 124 min, about 790 min and 73 min, respectively. Cisplatin reacted at least 9.5 times more slowly with 17.2 mM BNP7787 and 5.5 times more slowly with 17.2 mM mesna than with 17.2 mM of the modulating agents DDTC or TS (i.e. half-lives 11 and 13 min, respectively). The half-lives of cisplatin with 17.2 m M GSH and GSSG (i.e. 122 and 115 min, respectively) were comparable with the half-life obtained with BNP7787. The thiol mesna was shown to be a stronger nucleophile than its corresponding disulfide BNP7787.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The much slower relative reactivity of BNP7787, the short residence of BNP7787 (approximately 2 h) and the much lower concentration of mesna in the circulation following BNP7787 administration precludes chemical inactivation of cisplatin in the circulation, and thus the antitumor activity of cisplatin is maintained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.Verschraagen@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verschraagen
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kedde
authors.forename: Frederick H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hausheer
authors.forename: Wim J F
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Van Der Vijgh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004050:Ditiocarb / Q000737:chemistry; D005100:Expectorants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D006207:Half-Life; D007700:Kinetics; D015080:Mesna / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004220:Disulfides; D005100:Expectorants; D013885:Thiosulfates; C027032:2,2'-dithiodiethanesulfonic acid; D004050:Ditiocarb; D005978:Glutathione; D015080:Mesna; D002945:Cisplatin