title: The normal upper gastrointestinal examination in the ferret.
abstract: Upper gastrointestinal examinations were performed in 11 unsedated ferrets and 4 ferrets sedated with ketamine and diazepam. Each animal received a 8-13 mL/kg body weight dosage of barium liquid (30% weight:volume). Radiographs were made immediately and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min (mins) after the barium was administered. Gastric emptying began immediately. Mean total gastric emptying was longer in sedated ferrets (130 +/- 40 min versus 75 +/- 54 min); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Small intestinal transit time was less than 2 h in all ferrets. The barium-filled small bowel was best visualized on the 20- and 40-min radiographs and did not exceed 5-7 mm in width. Flocculation of barium in the small intestine and adherence of barium to the stomach mucosa was seen in almost all animals. The longitudinal colonic mucosal folds in the colon were well visualized in the normal upper gastrointestinal study and aided in distinguishing small intestine from large intestine. The use of ketamine and diazepam sedation did not significantly affect the parameters evaluated in the upper gastrointestinal study series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam