Voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive cotrimoxazole reduces mortality in tuberculosis patients in Thyolo, Malawi.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of voluntary counselling, HIV testing and adjunctive cotrimoxazole in reducing mortality in a cohort of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under routine programme conditions in a rural district of Malawi.


METHODS
'Before' and 'after' cohort study using historical controls.


METHODS
Between 1 July 1999 and 30 June 2000 all TB patients were started on standardized anti-TB treatment, and offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). Those found to be HIV-positive were offered cotrimoxazole at a dose of 480 mg twice daily, provided there were no contraindications. Side-effects were monitored clinically. End-of-treatment outcomes in this cohort (intervention group) were compared with a cohort registered between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999 in whom VCT and cotrimoxazole was not offered (control group).


RESULTS
A total of 1986 patients was registered in the study: 1061 in the intervention group and 925 in the control cohort. In the intervention group, 1019 (96%) patients were counselled pre-test, 964 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 938 (88%) were counselled post-test. The overall HIV-seroprevalence rate was 77%. A total of 693 patients were given cotrimoxazole of whom 14 (2%) manifested minor dermatological reactions. The adjusted relative risk of death in the intervention group compared with the control group was 0.81 (P < 0.001). The number needed to treat with VCT and adjunctive cotrimoxazole to prevent one death during anti-TB treatment was 12.5.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that VCT and adjunctive cotrimoxazole is feasible, safe and reduces mortality rates in TB patients under routine programme conditions.
Zachariah
Rony
R
Medecins Sans Frontieres-Luxembourg, Blantyre, Malawi. zachariah@internet.Lu
Spielmann
Marie-Paule L
MP
Chinji
Christina
C
Gomani
Patrick
P
Arendt
Victor
V
Hargreaves
Nicola J
NJ
Salaniponi
Felix M
FM
Harries
Anthony D
AD
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003376:Counseling; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008295:Malawi; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012423:Rural Health; D012646:Self Administration; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D035141:Voluntary Programs
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination