title: Impact of localization studies on feasibility of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in an endemic goiter region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A localized single-gland disease is the basis for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). (99m)Tc sestamibi scanning (MIBI) and high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography (US) are well-established techniques used to localize enlarged parathyroid glands. Additionally, US enables physicians to diagnose subclinical thyroid abnormalities. The aim of this study was to optimize localization results, applying a combined interpretation of MIBI and US, and to analyze the influence of these results on the feasibility of MIP (endoscopic/video-assisted and open) in an endemic goiter region.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty consecutive patients with sporadic PHPT were prospectively subjected to MIBI and US to localize parathyroid lesions and to review the morphology of the thyroid gland. Bilateral cervical exploration was performed in all patients. The feasibility of MIP was calculated retrospectively on the basis of surgical findings and biochemical outcomes at least 12 months postoperatively (normocalcemia in 148 of 150 patients [99%]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five percent of patients (67 of 148) would have been suitable for minimally invasive endoscopic or video-assisted parathyroid exploration. These procedures would have succeeded in 38% of patients (56 of 148). Sixty-four percent (94 of 148) would have been suitable for minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy, which would have succeeded in 55% (82 of 148 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all patients are suitable for MIP. A combined interpretation of MIBI and US results is helpful in planning targeted exploration. In an endemic goiter region minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy is applicable in significantly more patients than is endoscopic and video-assisted MIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Vienna Medical School, Waehringer Guertel 18/20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czerny
authors.forename: Sedan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ofluoglu
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtaran
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passler
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaczirek
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheuba
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niederle
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004724:Endoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006043:Goiter, Endemic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi