title: The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, meropenem, and taurine in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Translocation of bacteria from the gut is one of the most important factors in the development of septic complications and mortality in acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether S-methylisothiourea (SMT), taurine (TAU), and meropenem (MER) could effect bacterial translocation and the course of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Rats were randomly allocated into seven groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced in group II (MER), group III (TAU), group IV (TAU + MER), group V (TAU + SMT), group VI (TAU + MER + SMT), and group VII (positive control) by retrograde injection of taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Group I rats (sham) received normal saline infusion into the common biliopancreatic duct as negative control. Rats were treated with drug combinations intraperitoneally for 48 hours after induction of pancreatitis. At the 48th hour of induction, all animals were killed, and specimens were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial translocation to peritoneum and pancreas in groups treated with MER were lower than in the other groups. Pancreatic tissue GSHpx and SOD levels were higher in all groups in comparison with levels in group VII. Pancreatic tissue MDA levels were also lower in all treatment groups except group II. The most favorable results were obtained in group VI (TAU + MER + SMT). Also, the lowest pathologic score between the groups in which acute pancreatitis developed was obtained in group VI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of TAU and SMT to the treatment protocol for acute pancreatitis seems to improve the pathologic score and oxidative stress parameters. Also, antibiotherapy with MER decreases the risk of bacterial translocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Mehmet Refik
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.forename: Bilgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Comert
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Nuket
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Ismail Hakki
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kocar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000077731:Meropenem; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013845:Thienamycins; D013654:Taurine; D007550:Isothiuronium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium; D000077731:Meropenem