Mixed chimerism of bone marrow vessels (endothelial cells, myofibroblasts) following allogeneic transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Experimental findings support the hypothesis that within the functional network of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment the endothelial cells (ECs) exert a pivotal role as gatekeepers by controlling the trafficking and homing of progenitor cells. However, little information is available concerning the origin of ECs after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in CML. To determine the extent of mixed chimerism (MCh) a simultaneous immunohistochemical and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) study was performed on BM biopsies derived from patients following sex-mismatched BMT with full unmanipulated BM. ECs were identified by their staining with CD34 and the myofibroblasts (MFs) of large vessels were labeled by an antibody against alpha-smooth muscle actin. For sex-typing and demonstration of the bcr/abl fusion product appropriate commercially available probes and detection systems were applied. Contrasting a total congruence of labeling in control samples five patients showed donor type ECs in the early posttransplant period in about 20%. In the remaining four patients the amount of donor type ECs increased slightly after the third month up to 30%. A total of 26 MFs could be identified lining large capillaries and arterioles that exclusively revealed a host origin. Following successful engraftment only very few of the persistent host-derived ECs also displayed the bcr/abl gene. In five patients, a conversion of MCh from donor to host type ECs was recognizable during the evolution of leukemic relapse. This finding was accompanied by a bcr/abl rearrangement of about 10% of these cells. In conclusion, following myelo-ablative therapy, a survival of a considerable number of ECs and MFs of the vessel walls has been found implying persistence of host-derived vascular structures of the BM stroma. However, in only a small proportion bcr/abl+ ECs and thus minimal residual disease was detectable. Evolution of leukemic relapse was characterized by conversion of MCh with almost total loss of donor type ECs and increase in number of bcr/abl+ ECs.
Kvasnicka
Hans M
HM
Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmannstr.9, D-50924 Cologne, Germany. hm.kvasnicka@uni-koeln.de
Wickenhauser
Claudia
C
Thiele
Juergen
J
Varus
Eva
E
Hamm
Katharina
K
Beelen
Dietrich W
DW
Schaefer
Ullrich W
UW
D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000098:blood supply*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000235:genetics; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl