title: Field studies of drug-resistant cattle trypanosomes in Kénédougou Province, Burkina Faso.
abstract: Field studies were conducted to assess the occurrence of resistance to isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate in trypanosomes infecting cattle in Kénédougou Province of Burkina Faso. Forty-five of the 166 villages in Kénédougou were randomly sampled and visited to assess livestock numbers, trypanosomosis risk, and tsetse challenge. The proportion of cattle infections associated with drug-resistant trypanosomes was assessed in the nine villages with the highest trypanosome infection prevalence and one village with a confirmed history of drug-resistant infections. These studies showed that resistance to both isometamidium and diminazene was widespread. However, there was considerable variation between villages in drug-resistance parameters, with the proportion of treated cattle with trypanosome infections 3 months after isometamidium prophylaxis varying from 6.9 to 63.8% and the proportion of cattle having infections 2 weeks after treatment with diminazene varying from 0 to 36.8%. The demonstration of widespread resistance to both isometamidium and diminazene has important implications, as administration of trypanocides is the most commonly employed method to control trypanosomosis in this area.
authors.affiliation: International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. j.mcdermott@cgiar.org
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woitag
authors.forename: Issa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sidibé
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Boucader
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diarra
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.forename: Mulumba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamuanga
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peregrine
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisler
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zessin
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehlitz
authors.forename: Peter-Henning
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Clausen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004133:Diminazene / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D010617:Phenanthridines; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C000702:isometamidium chloride; D004133:Diminazene