title: [Bilateral hemifacial spasm: case report].
abstract: Bilateral hemifacial spasm (BHS) is a rare focal movement disorder often associated with vascular compression of both facial nerves. The contractions are usually asymmetric and asynchronous. Typically, one side is affected first and there is a long but variable interval for the symptoms on the other side to occur. BHS must be differentiated from other conditions including blefarospasm, facial myokymia, facial tics, oromandibular dystonia, and hemimasticatory spasm. The most successful and non-invasive symtomatic treatment is botulinum toxin injections but microvascular decompression surgery is another therapeutic option. We report the case of a 70 years old man with bilateral hemifacial spasms and present a brief review of the literature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. flavikka@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Flavia Costa Nunes
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.forename: Cynthia Resende
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: João Carlos Papaterra
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Limongi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
vernacular_title: Espasmo hemifacial bilateral: relato de caso.