title: In vitro evaluation of verapamil and other modulating agents in Brazilian chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
abstract: Verapamil, was assayed to record its modulating effect upon Brazilian Plasmodium falciparum isolates resistant to chloroquine. Other cardiovascular drugs known to be modulating agents in resistant malaria and/or multidrug-resistant neoplasias, including nifedipine, nitrendipine, diltiazem and propranolol, were also evaluated. Concentrations similar to those for cardiovascular therapy were used in the in vitro microtechnique for antimalarial drug susceptibility. Intrinsic antiplasmodial activity was observed from the lowest concentrations without a significant modulating action. Other reported modulating agents, such as the antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine and the antidepressants desipramine and imipramine, demonstrated similar responses under the same experimental conditions. Results suggest a much higher susceptibility of Brazilian strains, as well as an indifferent behaviour in relation to modulating agents.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla M S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirchgatter
authors.forename: Silvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Di Santi
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savalli
authors.forename: Fabíola G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Gilberto A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: Elizabeth I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002738:Chloroquine; D014700:Verapamil