title: Serum IL-1, IL-2, TNFalpha and INFgamma levels of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their siblings.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) develops as a result of autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between serum levels of cytokines, IL-1, IL-2, TNFalpha and INFgamma and metabolic parameters in children with type 1 DM and their non-diabetic siblings to determine whether these cytokines could be indicators of disordered immune regulation. The study population consisted of 41 children with type 1 DM, 32 non-diabetic siblings, and 28 healthy controls. Children with DM were divided into three subgroups: 1) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (ND + DKA), 2) newly diagnosed patients without DKA (ND - DKA), and 3) previously diagnosed patients (PD). The highest serum IL-1alpha level was found in the ND - DKA group, which was significant compared to both the ND + DKA (p < 0.05) and the siblings (S) (p < 0.005). IL-2 levels were similar among all groups. The highest TNFalpha level was observed in the ND + DKA group, which was significant against the ND - DKA (p < 0.05), PD (p < 0.001), S (p < 0.05), and control (C) (p < 0.005) groups. TNFalpha concentration in the PD group was significantly lower than those of S (p< 0.005) and C (p < 0.001) groups. The ND - DKA group had the highest INFgamma and this was statistically significant when compared with the S (p < 0.005) and C (p < 0.05) groups. Both the newly diabetics and all diabetics as a group had statistically significantly higher INFgamma levels than both the S (p < 0.01 for both) and C (p < 0.05 for both) groups. In the diabetics as a whole group, TNFalpha showed correlations with INFgamma (r = 0.370, p < 0.05). IL-1 showed correlation with TNFalpha (r = 0.368, p < 0.05) INFgamma (r = 0.796, p < 0.001) and IL-2 (r = 0.862, p < 0.001) in the all diabetics group. IL-2 was correlated with TNFalpha (r = 0.320, p < 0.05) and INFgamma (r = 0.754, p < 0.01) in the all diabetics group. In conclusion, our results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, INFgamma, IL-1alpha and IL-2 may play important roles alone or in combination in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cukuorova University, Faculty of Medicine, Balcali, Adana, Turkey. gozer@mail.cu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Güler
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Zeliha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teker
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetiner
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Ali Kemal
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onenli-Mungan
authors.forename: Bilgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yüksel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha