title: Death with functioning graft in living donor kidney transplantation: analysis of risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Death with a functioning graft (DWF) has been reported as a major cause of graft loss after renal transplantation. It has been reported to occur in 9-30%.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 1976 to January 2002, a total of 1400 living donor renal transplants were performed in our center. Out of 257 reported deaths among our patients, 131 recipients died with functioning grafts after a mean period of 53.4 +/- 53.2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DWF patients account for 27% of all graft losses in our series. The mean age was 34.9 + 10.6 (range 8-62 years), 98 of them were male and 33 were female. The original kidney disease was GN in 9, PN in 24, PCK in 5 and nephrosclerosis in 8 patients. Acute rejection episodes were diagnosed in 84 patients (63.1). The post-transplant complications encountered were hypertension in 78 patients (59.5%), diabetes mellitus in 30 patients (22.9%), medical infections in 68 (51.5%), hepatic complications in 30 (22.9%) and malignancy in 17 patients (13%). The main causes of death in these patients were infections in 46 (35.6%), cardiovascular in 23 (17.6%), liver cell failure in 15 patients (11.4%) and malignancy in 8 (6.1%). The mean serum creatinine was 2 +/- 0.6 mg/dl at last follow-up before death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the relatively higher mortality in renal transplantation is, in part, due to co-morbid medical illness, pre-transplant dialysis treatment, and factors uniquely related to transplantation, including immunosuppression and other drug effects. DWF must be in consideration when calculating graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Urology and Nephrology Center, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt. amgadelbaz@ahram0505.net
authors.forename: Amgad E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: El-Agroudy
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bakr
authors.forename: Ahmed B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shehab El-Dein
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D019520:Living Donors; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis