title: Phytoremediation of pyrene in a Cecil soil under field conditions.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and phosphorus (P) availability on the dissipation of pyrene added at a concentration of approximately 600 mg kg-1 dry soil in the top 7.5 cm of a Cecil loamy sand (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) in a 10-month experiment under field conditions in Clemson, South Carolina. Plastic canopies were installed to prevent flooding of plots and raindrop dispersion of pyrene. Treatment factors were pyrene, vegetation, and available P levels. Each of the eight treatments had four replicates. The soil was adjusted to low and high P concentrations (an average of 41 and 66 kg extractable P ha-1, respectively). After a 175-d lag period for all treatments, the rate of pyrene removal followed first-order kinetics. The first-order rate constant was significantly higher in nonvegetated (0.098 d-1) than vegetated treatments (0.034 d-1). These data suggest that the presence of easily biodegradable organic matter from plant roots slowed the removal rate of pyrene. The levels of available P did not affect the rate of pyrene dissipation. Pyrene decreased below the detection limit of 6.25 mg kg-1 dry soil in all treatments after 301 d.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop & Soil Environmental Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lalande
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Skipper
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hartel
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Grimes
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000494:pharmacology; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; C030984:pyrene