title: Evolution of telemedicine in Russia: the influence of the space program on modern telemedicine programs.
abstract: Telemedicine education and application throughout Russia has its roots in Russia's space program. The concepts of telemedicine have evolved during the course of 40 years of space exploration. This paper reviews the evolution of telemedicine and the achievements of the Soviet/Russian Space Program.
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics and Technology Applications Consortium, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA. crdoarn@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Doarn
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lavrentyev
authors.forename: Oleg I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.forename: Arnauld E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nicogossian
authors.forename: Anatoly I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.forename: Earl W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Merrell
mesh_terms: D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006801:Humans; D016730:Program Development; D012426:Russia; D013026:Space Flight; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends