title: Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in experimentally challenged broilers by nitrate adaptation and chlorate supplementation in drinking water.
abstract: The effects of two feed supplements on Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of market-age broilers were determined. Broilers orally challenged 6 days before slaughter with a novobiocin- and nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were divided into one of four groups (20 birds each). The first group (the control group) received no treatment, the second group received sodium nitrate (SN) treatment (574 mg of NaNO3 per kg of feed), the third group received experimental chlorate product (ECP) treatment (15 mM NaClO3 equivalents), and the fourth group received ECP treatment in combination with SN treatment. The SN treatment was administered via feed for 5 days immediately before slaughter, and ECP was provided via ad libitum access to drinking water for the last 2 days before slaughter. Cecal contents were subjected to bacterial analysis. Significant (P < 0.05) Salmonella Typhimurium reductions (ca. 2 log units) relative to levels for untreated control broilers were observed for broilers receiving ECP in combination with SN. The ECP-only treatment resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reductions (ca. 0.8 log) of Salmonella Typhimurium in trial 2. We hypothesize that increasing Salmonella Typhimurium nitrate reductase activity resulted in increased enzymatic reduction of chlorate to chlorite, with a concomitant decrease in cecal Salmonella Typhimurium levels. On the basis of these results, preadaptation with SN followed by ECP supplementation immediately preharvest could be a potential strategy for the reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Robin C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: Randle W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McReynolds
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002704:Chlorates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004326:Drinking; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D002704:Chlorates; D009566:Nitrates; C031618:sodium nitrate; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D050901:Nitrate Reductase