title: Countermeasure development: future research targets.
abstract: We will briefly discuss a series of countermeasures that are currently being developed to maintain bone mass and the integrity of supporting connective tissues. Our objective is to focus on several countermeasures under development which can be tested on the ISS. Other countermeasures may also be needed to provide additional safety factors which are required before long duration spaceflight is undertaken.
authors.affiliation: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, USUHS, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018488:Bone Demineralization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000503:physiopathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000517:prevention & control; D018535:Mars; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates