title: The patterns of tungiasis in Araruama township, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: This paper describes patterns of infestation with Tunga penetrans (L., 1758) within the poor community of Araruama municipality, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, assessed by the number of persons and domestic animals parasitized. The overall prevalence of infestation was 49.2% (211 parasitized hosts) of the 429 examined. Humans (p < 0.01) and dogs (p < 0.01) were the most important hosts with 62.6% and 35.6% respectively. Dogs were considered as the potential infestation source to humans. Considering sex and age groups, both measures showed a significant difference (p < 0.01): female (62.2% infested of 143 examined) and male (43.9% infested of 98 examined). All age classes were found infested with significant difference (G = 42.5; p < 0.01) and most of the infestation occurred in children in the 0-9-year old category (27.3%). In contrast and based on mean of chigoe burden per person, the parasitic intensity was significantly higher on male than on female in all age categories, except for the 50+ (H = 27.1; p < 0.01) and decreasing with the increase of age (chi2 = 69.7, A = -124.6, p < 0.01). Growing urbanization, improved housing and sewage systems, use of appropriate footwear, examination of the feet principally in young children, antitetanus prophylaxis and reduction of stray dogs population are the major prophylactic methods recommended.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ixodides, Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil. raimundowilsoncarvalho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Raimundo Wilson
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Adilson Benedito
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Silvia Cristina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Silva
authors.forename: Marinete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Nicolau Maués
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Serra-Freire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002415:Cats; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002645:Chickens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004285:Dogs; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D005423:Siphonaptera; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine