title: Odor and gas release from anaerobic treatment lagoons for swine manure.
abstract: Odor and gas release from anaerobic lagoons for treating swine waste affect air quality in neighboring communities but rates of release are not well documented. A buoyant convective flux chamber (BCFC) was used to determine the effect of lagoon loading rate on measured odor and gas releases from two primary lagoons at a simulated wind speed of 1.0 m s(-1). Concentrations of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitric oxide (NO) in 50-L air samples were measured. A panel of human subjects, whose sensitivity was verified with a certified reference odorant, evaluated odor concentration, intensity, and hedonic tone. Geometric mean odor concentrations of BCFC inlet and outlet samples and of downwind berm samples were 168 +/- 44 (mean +/- 95% confidence interval), 262 +/- 60, and 114 +/- 38 OU(E) m(-3) (OU(E), European odor unit, equivalent to 123 microg n-butanol), respectively. The overall geometric mean odor release was 2.3 +/- 1.5 OU(E) s(-1) m(-2) (1.5 +/- 0.9 OU s(-1) m(-2)). The live mass specific geometric mean odor release was 13.5 OU(E) s(-1) AU(-1) (animal unit = 500 kg live body mass). Overall mean NH3, H2S, CO2 and SO2 releases were 101 +/- 24, 5.7 +/- 2.0, 852 +/- 307, and 0.5 +/- 0.4 microg s(-1) m(-2), respectively. Nitric oxide was not detected. Odor concentrations were directly proportional to H2S and CO2 concentrations and odor intensity, and inversely proportional to hedonic tone and SO2 concentration (P < 0.05). Releases of NH3, H2S, and CO2 were directly proportional (P < 0.05) to volatile solids loading rate (VSLR).
authors.affiliation: Agricultural and Biological Engineering Dep., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Teng-Teeh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heber
authors.forename: Ji-Qin
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis*; D008372:Manure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D009812:Odorants; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D014835:Volatilization; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D008372:Manure; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000641:Ammonia; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide