title: Live varicella vaccine polarizes the mucosal adjuvant action of cholera toxin or its B subunit on specific Th1-type helper T cells with a single nasal coadministration in mice.
abstract: This study was undertaken to determine whether the specific Th1- or Th2-cell response to varicella-zoster virus was induced predominantly by a mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin, in mice. A commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and cholera toxin or its B subunit were administered simultaneously via the nasal route. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to the Oka vaccine was induced, but the systemic neutralizing antibody response was low. The delayed-type hypersensitivity evoked after a single administration was relatively higher than that on administration three times. When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. The production of IL-2 induced by the B subunit of cholera toxin was less than that by cholera toxin and a mutant of Escherichia coli enterotoxin on co-immunization with the vaccine in mice. Cholera toxin and its B subunit have been reported to induce predominantly a specific Th2-type T-cell response to various antigens. However, the Oka vaccine is an antigen that polarizes the activation of specific Th1/Th2-type T cells by cholera toxin or its B subunit to the Th1-type side. Cholera toxin and its B subunit are thus useful mucosal adjuvants for inducing cellular immunity to the Oka vaccine similar to Escherichia coli enterotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Kimiyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Yoshizo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000517:prevention & control; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D002772:Cholera Toxin