title: Effectiveness of counselling patients on physical activity in general practice: cluster randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long term effectiveness of the "green prescription" programme, a clinician based initiative in general practice that provides counselling on physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomised controlled trial. Practices were randomised before systematic screening and recruitment of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 rural and urban general practices in one region of New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  All sedentary 40-79 year old patients visiting their general practitioner during the study's recruitment period.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practitioners were prompted by the patient to give oral and written advice on physical activity during usual consultations. Exercise specialists continued support by telephone and post. Control patients received usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in physical activity, quality of life (as measured by the "short form 36" (SF-36) questionnaire), cardiovascular risk (Framingham and D'Agostino equations), and blood pressure over a 12 month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  74% (117/159) of general practitioners and 66% (878/1322) of screened eligible patients participated in the study. The follow up rate was 85% (750/878). Mean total energy expenditure increased by 9.4 kcal/kg/week (P=0.001) and leisure exercise by 2.7 kcal/kg/week (P=0.02) or 34 minutes/week more in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.04). The proportion of the intervention group undertaking 2.5 hours/week of leisure exercise increased by 9.72% (P=0.003) more than in the control group (number needed to treat=10.3). SF-36 measures of self rated "general health," "role physical," "vitality," and "bodily pain" improved significantly more in the intervention group (P<0.05). A trend towards decreasing blood pressure became apparent but no significant difference in four year risk of coronary heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counselling patients in general practice on exercise is effective in increasing physical activity and improving quality of life over 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, New Zealand. c.elley@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: C Raina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Elley
authors.forename: Ngaire
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kerse
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arroll
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards*; D015444:Exercise; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012423:Rural Health; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014504:Urban Health