title: Unbiased whole-genome amplification directly from clinical samples.
abstract: Preparation of genomic DNA from clinical samples is a bottleneck in genotyping and DNA sequencing analysis and is frequently limited by the amount of specimen available. We use Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) to amplify the whole genome 10,000-fold directly from small amounts of whole blood, dried blood, buccal cells, cultured cells, and buffy coats specimens, generating large amounts of DNA for genetic testing. Genomic DNA was evenly amplified with complete coverage and consistent representation of all genes. All 47 loci analyzed from 44 individuals were represented in the amplified DNA at between 0.5- and 3.0-fold of the copy number in the starting genomic DNA template. A high-fidelity DNA polymerase ensures accurate representation of the DNA sequence. The amplified DNA was indistinguishable from the original genomic DNA template in 5 SNP and 10 microsatellite DNA assays on three different clinical sample types for 20 individuals. Amplification of genomic DNA directly from cells is highly reproducible, eliminates the need for DNA template purification, and allows genetic testing from small clinical samples. The low amplification bias of MDA represents a dramatic technical improvement in the ability to amplify a whole genome compared with older, PCR-based methods.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Staging, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Seiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: A Fawad
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Faruqi
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Yuefen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kingsmore
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egholm
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lasken
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D002458:Cell Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002610:Cheek; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020086:Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA