title: Immunobiologic analysis of arterial tissue in Buerger's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the cause of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) still remains unknown. We have reported that immunologic injury associated with T lymphocytes infiltration might be the initial etiologic mechanism in TAO. The present study was undertaken to examine further the mechanism of immune injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  arterial walls affected by TAO were obtained from eight patients with eight non-pulsatile arteries and one patent artery. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL studies were performed for phenotyping of the infiltrating cells with CD4 (helper T cell), CD8 (cytotoxic T cell), CD56 (natural killer cell), and CD68 (macrophage), for identification of cell activation with VCAM-1 and i -NOS, for the presence of cell death with TUNEL analysis, and for inflammatory cytokine detection with RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the characteristic features were luminal obliteration, together with a varying degree of recanalization. T cells infiltrated mainly in thrombus, intima, and adventita. Among infiltrating cells, CD4 T cells greatly outnumbered CD8 cells. VCAM-1 and i -NOS were expressed in endothelial cells around the intima (patent segment) or vaso vasorum (occluded segment). Endothelial cells in vaso vasorum stained positive with TUNEL. Interferon-gamma mRNA was detected in two specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our results suggest that T cell mediated immune inflammation is a significant event in the development of TAO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Youngon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-779, South Korea.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Sumpio
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D001158:Arteries / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase