title: Butyrate downregulates alpha2beta1 integrin: a possible role in the induction of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Integrins mediate cell matrix adhesion and regulate cell growth and survival. In colonic epithelial cells, alpha(2)beta(1) integrin controls glandular differentiation and proliferation. Butyrate stimulates differentiation and induces apoptosis in vitro.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether butyrate induction of apoptosis was associated with perturbation of integrin mediated cell matrix adhesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three colonic cancer cell lines (SW1222, SW620, LS174T) were studied. Adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, expression of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, and apoptosis were studied in adherent cells after treatment with 4 mM butyrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Butyrate decreased the attachment to type I collagen in SW620 cells and type I and IV collagen in LS174T cells. The decreased cell attachment was associated with downregulation of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin and increased apoptosis in adherent cells. No changes in alpha(2)beta(1) expression or matrix adhesion were seen in SW1222 cells, which were also found to be less sensitive to butyrate induction of apoptosis. Downregulation of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin preceded the detection of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis induced by butyrate is associated with downregulation of expression and functional activity of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin. Perturbation of cell matrix adhesion may be a novel mechanism by which butyrate induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Division of Histopathology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qualtrough
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martines
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paraskeva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D021982:Cell-Matrix Junctions / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D038982:Integrin alpha2beta1; D003094:Collagen; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases