title: Taking a stand: using psychoanalysis to explore the positioning of subjects in discourse.
abstract: This paper is concerned with thinking through the cultural construction of personal identities whilst avoiding the classical social-individual division. Our starting point is the notion that there is no such thing as 'the individual', standing outside the social; however, there is an arena of personal subjectivity, even though this does not exist other than as already inscribed in the sociocultural domain. Our argument is that there are psychoanalytic concepts which can be helpful in exploring this 'inscription' and thus in explaining the trajectory of individual subjects; that is, their specific positioning in discourse. The argument is illustrated by data from a qualitative study of young masculinities, exploring the ways in which some individual boys take up positions in various degrees of opposition to the dominant ideology of 'hegemonic' masculinity.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Birbeck College, University of London, UK. s.frosh@bbk.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frosh
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phoenix
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pattman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007207:Individuation; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D011606:Psychosexual Development; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D012925:Social Conformity; D012933:Social Identification; D014705:Verbal Behavior