title: Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rosuvastatin is a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Itraconazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and the transport protein P-glycoprotein, is known to interact with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The current trials aimed to examine in vivo the effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover trials were performed. Healthy male volunteers (trial A, n = 12; trial B, n = 14) received itraconazole, 200 mg, or placebo once daily for 5 days; on day 4, 10 mg (trial A) or 80 mg (trial B) of rosuvastatin was coadministered. Plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin-lactone (trial A only), and active and total HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were measured up to 96 hours after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After coadministration with itraconazole, the rosuvastatin geometric least-square mean for the treatment ratio was increased by 39% for AUC(0-ct) (area under the rosuvastatin plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last common time at which quantifiable concentrations were obtained for both treatments within a volunteer in trial A) and by 28% for AUC(0-t) (area under the rosuvastatin plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration in trial B), with the treatment ratio for maximum observed plasma drug concentration increased by 36% in trial A and 15% in trial B compared with placebo. For trial A (but not for trial B), the upper boundary of the 90% confidence interval for the treatment ratios fell outside the preset limits (0.7-1.43). The 95% confidence intervals for all treatment ratios (except maximum observed plasma drug concentration in trial B) did not include 1. These results indicate that itraconazole produces a modest increase in plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin accounted for the majority of the circulating active HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (> or =87%) and most of the total inhibitors (> or =75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Itraconazole produced modest increases in rosuvastatin plasma concentrations, which are unlikely to be of clinical relevance. The results support previous in vitro metabolism findings that CYP3A4 plays a minor role in the limited metabolism of rosuvastatin.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kelvin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dane
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Warwick
authors.forename: Dennis W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Schneck
authors.forename: Mireille V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cantarini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005464:Fluorobenzenes / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium; D013449:Sulfonamides
chemical_list: D005464:Fluorobenzenes; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D017964:Itraconazole; D000068718:Rosuvastatin Calcium