title: Reducing the risk of gonorrhoea in black Caribbean men: can we identify risk factors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Grouping patients by self assigned ethnicity may hide intraethnic differences in disease associations and sexual behaviour patterns. The aim of the study was to detect associations between gonorrhoea with differences in ancestry, degree of acculturation, and religious belief in young black Caribbean men, which could subsequently be used to target health promotion interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire based case-control study of black Caribbean men with gonorrhoea and a community control group without gonorrhoea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A lesser degree of acculturation, attending a single sex school, increasing numbers of partners, lack of condom use, not being married, and a belief that sex before marriage was not wrong were associated with an increased risk of gonorrhoea. Country of birth and religious belief were not associated with gonorrhoea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of factors were identified which may be useful in designing healthcare interventions in young black Caribbean men and these differed little from those in other ethnic groups. The healthcare intervention should include advice on reducing the number of partners and increasing the use of condoms.
authors.affiliation: Whittall Street Clinic, Whittall Street, Birmingham B4 6DH, UK. jonathan.ross@hobtpct.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J D C
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gilleran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014900:West Indies / Q000208:ethnology