title: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26:H infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The source and the vehicle of contamination with EHEC O26 are not often identified. We report two Austrian cases of HUS due to E. coli O26:H- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the isolates (which yielded the virulence genes stx2, eae, and hly) were indistinguishable from each other. An epidemiologic investigation revealed that the children had stayed in the same hotel. Both patients had consumed unpasteurized cow's milk from the breakfast buffet. Fecal samples were taken from the cows of the farm producing the incriminating milk, and one of three cattle EHEC O26:H- isolates had a PFGE pattern indistinguishable from that of the patients' strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These two cases of E. coli O26 infection illustrate the hazards associated with the consumption of raw milk, and underline the importance of microbiological diagnostic approaches able to detect sorbitol-fermenting, non-O157 EHEC.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hygiene and Social Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Franz.Allerberger@Lwvie.ages.at
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allerberger
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grif
authors.forename: Manfred P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dierich
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dornbusch
authors.forename: Cristoph J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Mache
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nachbaur
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freilinger
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieck
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karch
authors.forename: Lothar B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zimmerhackl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D021521:Ribotyping; D013242:Sterilization; D014774:Virulence