title: Application of frequency domain photon migration to particle size analysis and monitoring of pharmaceutical powders.
abstract: The frequency domain photon migration (FDPM) technique was employed to determine mean particle size of pharmaceutical powders. Results show that the FDPM-measured scattering coefficient increases linearly with reciprocal mean particle size of powdered samples. In contrast to near-infrared spectroscopy techniques, FDPM technique enables determination of scattering and absorption separately so that it does not require data pretreatment and chemometric calibration models. In addition, this unique advantage provides more detailed information about powder samples, which can be used as a potential tool for on-line monitoring of not only variation of active pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations from changes in the absorption coefficient but also variation of particle sizes from changes in the scattering coefficient.
authors.affiliation: Malvern Instruments Inc., 10 Southville Road, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772, USA.
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sharnay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torrance
authors.forename: Fraser K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: McNeil-Watson
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sevick-Muraca
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D017785:Photons; D011208:Powders / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011786:Quality Control; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D007785:Lactose