title: Intensity, idiosyncratic content and functional impact of performance-related emotions in athletes.
abstract: The aims of this study were: (a) to assess the possibility of applying in athletes an idiographic scaling procedure within the IZOF-emotion model framework; (b) to determine the effects of differences in intensity on idiosyncratic emotions and bodily-somatic symptoms by competitive standard; (c) to establish the effects of differences in intensity, direction and hedonic tone on competitive trait anxiety and self-confidence by competitive standard; and (d) to verify whether intensity, direction and hedonic tone of competitive trait anxiety and self-confidence would predict idiosyncratic affect intensity. Elite and non-elite Italian athletes (n = 374) were asked to identify beneficial/detrimental and positive/negative emotions and bodily-somatic symptoms related to performance. They were also asked to respond to a modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, rating items in intensity, direction and hedonic tone. The results supported incorporating affect-related bodily-somatic symptom descriptors in the idiosyncratic assessment of emotions. Compared with non-elite performers, elite athletes reported: (a) higher intensity scores of idiosyncratic facilitating-positiveemotions and bodily-somatic symptoms; (b) lower cognitive and somatic anxiety and higher self-confidence; and (c) higher directional and hedonic tone. Finally, trait anxiety and self-confidence revealed a low predictive power on idiosyncratic emotion and bodily-somatic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Scienze Motorie, Universtà di Padova, Italy. c.robazza@tin.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robazza
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bortoli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*