title: Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid.
abstract: The equine sarcoid, a locally aggressive, fibroblastic skin tumour, is the most common dermatological neoplasm reported in horses; there is no consistently effective therapy. It is widely accepted that bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcoid disease. Most sarcoids appear to contain detectable viral DNA and RNA and are also known to express the BPV types 1 and 2 major transforming protein, E5, but appear not to produce infectious virions. While the mode of transmission of infection has not been elucidated, viral gene expression, in particular of E5, may contribute to virus persistence and disease pathogenesis by downregulating MHC class I expression. Here, the pathology and epidemiology of the sarcoid and its association with BPV is reviewed; the transforming functions of the BPV oncoproteins and their possible role in sarcoid pathogenesis are discussed; and the practical implications of BPV infection for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are considered.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ellsmore
authors.affiliation: Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: S W J
authors.initials: SWJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Love
authors.affiliation: Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nasir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052688:Bovine papillomavirus 1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses / Q000821:virology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; C054304:oncogene protein E5, Bovine papillomavirus type 1