title: Cloned cattle derived from a novel zona-free embryo reconstruction system.
abstract: As the demand for cloned embryos and offspring increases, the need arises for the development of nuclear transfer procedures that are improved in both efficiency and ease of operation. Here, we describe a novel zona-free cloning method that doubles the throughput in cloned bovine embryo production over current procedures and generates viable offspring with the same efficiency. Elements of the procedure include zona-free enucleation without a holding pipette, automated fusion of 5-10 oocyte-donor cell pairs and microdrop in vitro culture. Using this system, zona-free embryos were reconstructed from five independent primary cell lines and cultured either singularly (single-IVC) or as aggregates of three (triple-IVC). Blastocysts of transferable quality were obtained at similar rates from zona-free single-IVC, triple-IVC, and control zona-intact embryos (33%, 25%, and 29%, respectively). In a direct comparison, there was no significant difference in development to live calves at term between single-IVC, triple-IVC, and zona-intact embryos derived from the same adult fibroblast line (10%, 13%, and 15%, respectively). This zona-free cloning method could be straightforward for users of conventional cloning procedures to adopt and may prove a simple, fast, and efficient alternative for nuclear cloning of other species as well.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Technologies, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand. bjorn.oback@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oback
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wiersema
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laible
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Troskie
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cockrem
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tervit
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000379:methods*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000378:metabolism*