title: Simple reaction times in color space: the influence of chromaticity, contrast, and cone opponency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the influence of stimulus chromaticity on simple reaction times (RTs) to determine the stage of chromatic processing that is most influential in their generation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simple RTs were measured in response to the cosinusoidally ramped onset of small, equiluminant, colored Gaussian spots. The chromaticity of these stimuli was varied, to modulate along a series of vectors in color space that included red-green (L-M) and blue-yellow (S-[L+M]) opponent axes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RTs are highly sensitive to small departures from subjective equiluminance. They are also dependent on stimulus chromaticity. The longest RTs are generated in response to equiluminant stimuli that isolate S-cone activity, whereas the shortest are generated by stimuli that modulate the L-M opponent axis. However, temporal processing differences are highly dependent on how the chromatic stimuli are scaled in relation to one another. The differences are reduced when scaling is based on detection threshold. The relationship between chromatic contrast and RT can be described by the modified Piéron equation RT = RT(0) + k x C(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple RTs generated in this study conform to the idea that they are largely determined by cone-opponency mechanisms. The use of cone contrast as a metric for scaling chromatic stimuli exaggerates differences between the temporal responsiveness of L-M and S-(L+M) opponency mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom. d.mckeefry@bradford.ac.uk
authors.forename: Declan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McKeefry
authors.forename: Neil R A
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*