title: Newer techniques of labor analgesia.
abstract: In maternity units in which central neuraxial techniques are frequently used, newer methods of epidural drug delivery (continuous infusion, patient-controlled) are well established and combined spinal-epidural analgesia is commonly used. Continuous spinal analgesia has reemerged as a useful approach after accidental dural puncture. Lumbar sympathetic block has been revisited and the safety of paracervical nerve block improved. The analgesic properties of systemic opioid in labor are poor, but PCIA at least has psychological benefits and allows rapid drug titration. PCIA is again under investigation because of the potent antinociceptive effects of the short-acting mu-opioid agonist, remifentanil. The premixing of nitrous oxide and a subanesthetic concentration of volatile anesthetic for patient-controlled administration has been tested under control of midwifery staff and without direct medical supervision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women and Royal Perth Hospitals, Western Australia, Australia. michael.paech@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paech
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block; D011247:Pregnancy