title: Development of an interleukin-12-deficient mouse model that is permissive for colonization by a motile KE26695 strain of Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: The identification of genes associated with colonization and persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa has been limited by the lack of robust animal models that support infection by strains whose genomes have been completely sequenced. Here we report that an interleukin-12 (IL-12)-deficient mouse (IL-12(-/-) p40 subunit knockout in C57BL/6 mouse) is permissive for infection by a motile variant (KE88-3887) of The Institute For Genomic Research-sequenced strain (KE26695) of H. pylori. The IL-12-deficient mouse was also more permissive for colonization by the mouse-colonizing Sydney 1 strain of H. pylori than were wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Differences in colonization efficiency were demonstrated by mouse challenge with SS1 strains containing loss-of-function mutations in two genes (hspR and hrcA), whose products negatively regulate several heat shock genes. At 5 weeks postinfection, double-knockout mutants (SS1 hspR hrcA) efficiently colonized IL-12-deficient mice (5 of 5 animals compared to 4 of 10 for C57BL6 mice) and bacterial counts were higher in stomachs of IL-12-deficient mice (10(6) versus 10(5) CFU/g of stomach, respectively). IL-12-deficient mice were efficiently colonized by KE88-3887 (29 of 30), but not by nonmotile KE26695, and bacterial numbers (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/g of stomach) were unchanged over an 8-week period postinfection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice were inefficiently colonized by KE88-3887 (8 of 20 animals with bacterial loads at the limit of detection, approximately 10(3) CFU/g), and infection did not persist much beyond 5 weeks. Cytokine responses (tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon), pathology, and antral-predominant infection were indistinguishable between IL-12-deficient and C57BL/6 mice. The increased permissiveness of the IL-12-deficient mouse for infection with H. pylori should facilitate whole-genome-based strategies to study genes associated with virulence and immune modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. phoffman@tupdean2.med.dal.ca
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vats
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sisson
authors.forename: Ausra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raudonikiene
authors.forename: Jean S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Sander J O
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Veldhuyzen van Zanten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D023421:Models, Animal; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C108444:HspR protein, bacteria; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12