title: Incontinence after prostatectomy: coping with incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nature of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence, determine how men manage postsurgery urinary incontinence, identify men's perceptions of adequacy of preoperative counseling, and identify men's expectations regarding the probability of postsurgery incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of US TOO International, who experienced urinary incontinence after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Copies of the survey (N = 370) were mailed to all chapters of US TOO International, a prostate cancer support group, for distribution to members. A letter of invitation also was posted on the US TOO International Web site and in the monthly newsletter. Men who desired to complete the survey (N = 130) called the researcher's office, and a copy of the survey and a stamped return envelope was mailed to them. Surveys returned to the researchers from June 1998 to January 1999 were included in the analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary incontinence, management of urinary incontinence, and coping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  166 men returned surveys. The majority was Caucasian (95%) and married (83%). The median age was 67 years, 87% of the men rated their health as good or excellent, and 114 men (69%) reported becoming incontinent after surgery. Most men experienced stress incontinence symptoms. The majority (89 of 111 men) reported that they were told preoperatively that urinary incontinence was a possible complication. Overall, regardless of length of time since surgery, men (74%) thought that incontinence was an important problem to resolve. Men used containment devices such as pads, special undergarments, and even sanitary napkins as management strategies. The majority of men (54%) used pelvic muscle exercises, especially those who were fewer than two years postsurgery (72%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary incontinence is a prevalent postoperative complication for men, even up to five years after surgery, and a source of great distress for some. Men reported stress and urge incontinence symptoms and used an array of strategies to contain their urine. Finding effective treatments for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence and receiving adequate information before surgery is important to these men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the number of men who undergo surgical treatment for prostate cancer increases, nurses need to be equipped with the necessary knowledge and information to answer preoperative concerns and provide effective strategies for managing postoperative urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. mhpalmer@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Somerfield
authors.forename: Lorrie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Powel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing*; D012107:Research Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology