title: The Ecarin time is an improved confirmatory test for the Taipan snake venom time in warfarinized patients with lupus anticoagulants.
abstract: The Taipan snake venom time using dilute phospholipid as a screening test with a platelet neutralization procedure as a confirmatory test has been shown to be a sensitive and specific approach to detection of lupus anticoagulants. Taipan venom is largely insensitive to the effects of ongoing warfarin anticoagulation and this can be useful in detection of lupus anticoagulants in patients receiving this treatment. This study compared the use of the platelet neutralization procedure with the Ecarin time as confirmatory tests for the Taipan snake venom time, the Ecarin venom fraction being insensitive to both lupus anticoagulants and the effects of oral anticoagulants. Screening and confirmatory test data were assessed for phospholipid dependence by three different mathematical methods and there was no advantage in using the Ecarin time in detection of 'uncomplicated' lupus anticoagulants. In lupus anticoagulant-positive warfarinized patients, the Ecarin time achieved higher detection rates than the platelet neutralization procedure irrespective of the method used to assess correction. The Ecarin time confirmed lupus anticoagulants in all of those samples that generated elevated Taipan snake venom time ratios whereas the platelet neutralization procedure identified only 33%. Taipan snake venom time plus Ecarin time offers good diagnostic precision for lupus anticoagulant detection in a group of patients where lupus anticoagulant identification is difficult due to ongoing anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Haemophilia Research Centre, Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. gary.moore@gstt.sthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Geoffrey F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Savidge
mesh_terms: D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D010450:Endopeptidases; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004546:Elapid Venoms; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D014859:Warfarin; D010450:Endopeptidases; C020097:ecarin