title: Modulation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and sodium-hydrogen exchange provide additive protection from severe ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preconditioning and inhibition of sodium-proton exchange attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by means of independent mechanisms that might act additively when used together. The hypothesis of this study is that treatment with a sodium-proton exchange inhibitor and a mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener produces superior functional recovery and a greater decrease in left ventricular infarct size compared with treatment with either drug alone in a model of severe global ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated crystalloid-perfused rat hearts (n = 8 hearts per group) were administered vehicle (control, 0.04% dimethyl sulfoxide), diazoxide (100 micromol/L in 0.04% dimethyl sulfoxide), cariporide (10 micromol /L in 0.04% dimethyl sulfoxide), or diazoxide and cariporide before 40 minutes of ischemia at 35.5 degrees C to 36.5 degrees C and 30 minutes of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination group had superior postischemic systolic function compared with that seen in the cariporide, diazoxide, and control groups (recovery of developed pressure: 91% +/- 7% vs 26% +/- 5%, 35% +/- 6%, and 16% +/- 3%, respectively; P <.05). Postischemic diastolic function in the combination group was superior compared with that seen in the other groups (change(pre-post) diastolic pressure of 67 +/- 4 mm Hg with control, 49 +/- 11 mm Hg with diazoxide, 59 +/- 10 mm Hg with cariporide, and 3 +/- 3 mm Hg with diazoxide and cariporide combination; P <.05). The left ventricular infarct area was less in the combination group compared with that in the cariporide, diazoxide, and control groups (6% +/- 2% vs 35% +/- 7%, 25% +/- 3%, and 37% +/- 9%, respectively; P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining a selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener with a selective reversible inhibitor of sarcolemmal sodium-proton exchange improves recovery of contractile function from severe global ischemia in the isolated buffer-perfused rat heart. The putative mechanism for this benefit is superior protection of mitochondrial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala 35294-0007, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Digerness
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Katholi
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate