title: Possible effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is reduced in the lungs of patients with emphysema. We examined whether VEGF levels in sputum differed in patients with emphysema, bronchitis, or asthma, as compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25 with emphysema, 19 with chronic bronchitis, and 15 with a mixed type), 20 patients with bronchial asthma, and 11 normal controls were included in the study. The concentration of VEGF in induced sputum and the correlations between VEGF levels and pulmonary function were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- SD) concentration of VEGF in induced sputum was significantly higher in patients with asthma (6440 +/- 1820 pg/mL, P <0.0001) or bronchitis (4120 +/- 1100 pg/mL, P <0.0001) than in normal controls (1860 +/- 1220 pg/mL), but significantly lower in patients with emphysema (500 +/- 300 pg/mL, P =0.03). The concentration of VEGF in sputum from patients with bronchitis correlated inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r = -0.87; P =0.0002); in contrast, there was a positive correlation between these two measurements in patients with emphysema (r = 0.82; P <0.0001). In addition, sputum VEGF concentrations correlated with the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide in patients with emphysema (r = 0.87; P <0.0001), but not in those with bronchitis (r = -0.22; P =0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with bronchitis, increased levels of VEGF in induced sputum were associated with airflow limitation. In contrast, decreased levels of VEGF were associated with airflow limitation and alveolar destruction in patients with emphysema. Thus, our findings suggest that VEGF may affect the pathogenesis of these two common types of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. kanazawa-h@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004646:Emphysema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013183:Sputum / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
chemical_list: D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008222:Lymphokines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors