title: Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway has no effect on agonist-induced aggregation of human platelets.
abstract: The activation of human platelets by a variety of agonists is accompanied by the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) isoforms of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. However, the role(s) of, and the substrate(s) for, these enzymes in platelet function remain unclear. Studies on ERKs in platelets have relied on pharmacological tools, including an inhibitor of ERK activation, U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio)butadiene]. In the present study, the effects of U0126 and its "inactive" analogue, U0125 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(phenylthio)butadiene], on human platelet aggregation and MAP kinase activity were examined. Several agonists with a variety of signaling pathways were studied including thrombin, a thromboxane analogue, arachidonic acid, collagen, calcium ionophores, and the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). U0126, at concentrations consistent with inhibition of the isolated enzyme, inhibited ERK phosphorylation, and therefore MEK activation, in response to each agonist. Under such conditions, U0126 did not affect the phosphorylation of a second MAP kinase, p38(MAPK); however, platelet aggregation was also unaffected. Higher concentrations of U0126, and of U0125, inhibited platelet aggregation in response to collagen and PMA with no effect on that induced by the other agonists. These results dissociate ERK activation from platelet aggregation, suggesting an alternative role for ERKs in platelet function. In addition, the effects of higher concentrations of U0126 are likely due to an action on protein kinase C, likely unrelated to ERK inhibition, suggesting that the inhibitor concentration is crucial to the interpretation of such studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Man., Canada R3E 0W2. mcnicol@ms.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Archibald
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McNicol
authors.forename: Elke C G
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; C113580:U 0126; D003094:Collagen; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048728:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1; C482576:MAP3K1 protein, human; D013917:Thrombin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate