title: The effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining combined with electromyography in facial paralysis rehabilitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study goal was to present the effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining techniques used in combination with electromyography for improving facial function even in cases of longstanding paralysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective case review in a tertiary neurotology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with facial paralysis received neuromuscular facial retraining between April 1999 and April 2001. The patient sample included 6 males and 18 females, with an average age of 44 years. A control group consisted of 6 patients (4 females and 2 males).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patient groups made significant improvements in function with improved symmetry in dual-channel electromyographic readings and increased facial movement percentages. Some of the percentages of posttreatment facial function were as follows: acoustic neuromas, 93%; Bell's palsy/Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 80%; and facial nerve anastomosis, 71%. Synkinesis was reduced by at least 2 levels in patients who initially demonstrated synkinesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuromuscular facial retraining exercises and electromyography are effective for improving facial movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facial retraining is an excellent example of the plasticity of the central nervous system to reorganize, even in cases of longstanding paralysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of The Atlanta Ear Clinic, Atlanta, GA, USA. earclinic@mindspring.com
authors.forename: Gaye W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Ronald Leif
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Steenerson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005154:Facial Nerve; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies