title: Daily methylphenidate administration attenuates c-fos expression in the striatum of prepubertal rats.
abstract: Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a psychostimulant drug used to treat children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite its widespread and increasing clinical use, little is known about the long-term consequences of drug treatment. We compared the effects of a single injection of methylphenidate with that of long-term methylphenidate injections (one/day; 14 days) on immediate-early gene expression (c-fos) in the striatum of prepubertal male rats. Rats (25 days old) were injected once daily for 14 days with either saline or methylphenidate (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg), or for 13 days with saline followed by one injection of methylphenidate (1, 2 or 10 mg/kg) on day 14, and were sacrificed 2 h post-injection. Methylphenidate dose-dependently increased FOS immunoreactivity in the striatum. A single injection of methylphenidate (2 or 10 mg/kg) on day 14, following saline treatment for 13 days, caused a dramatic elevation in c-fos expression. This effect was significantly attenuated in animals treated chronically with methylphenidate (2 or 10 mg/kg) for the entire 14 days. Our data suggest that repeated methylphenidate treatment, at a clinically relevant dose (2 mg/kg), markedly inhibits immediate-early gene expression in the brain. This is the first demonstration of methylphenidate-induced modification of gene expression in developing rat striatum and may have implications for chronic methylphenidate use in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3 H 4H7, Canada B3J 3G9.
authors.forename: Teena D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Normand
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Carrey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003720:Densitometry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012741:Sexual Maturation
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D008774:Methylphenidate