title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of oral eniluracil, fluorouracil and leucovorin given on a weekly schedule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the toxicities and pharmacokinetic effects of eniluracil (EU) given on two weekly dosing schedules with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 26 patients received a single 24-h i.v. infusion of 5-FU 2300 mg/m(2) to provide a pharmacokinetic reference. After 2 weeks, patients received oral EU 20 mg plus LV 30 mg on days 1-3 with a single dose of 5-FU 15-29 mg/m(2) on day 2, or LV 30 mg on days 1-2 with a single dose of EU at least 1 h prior to 5-FU 29 mg/m(2) on day 2 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diarrhea was the most common dose-limiting toxicity. The recommended dose of 5-FU is 29 mg/m(2) per day. EU on either schedule decreased 5-FU plasma clearance by 48 to 52-fold, prolonged the half-life to >5 h, and increased the percentage of 5-FU excreted in the urine from 2% to 64-66%. With EU, plasma fluoro-beta-alanine was not detected while urinary excretion was reduced to <1% of that seen with i.v. 5-FU alone. Marked increases in both plasma and urinary uracil were seen. Thymidylate synthase ternary complex formation was demonstrated in bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated 24 h after the first oral 5-FU dose; the average was 66.5% bound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Either a single 20-mg dose of EU given prior to or for 3 days around the oral 5-FU dose led to comparable effects on 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters, and inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute-Navy Medical Oncology, Cancer Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Du
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harold
authors.forename: M Wasif
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Saif
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cliatt
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grollman
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McQuigan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Chis H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Grem
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C073482:eniluracil; D014498:Uracil; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil