title: Regulation of cell signalling by vitamin E.
abstract: Vitamin E, the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant, was discovered at the University of California at Berkeley in 1922. Since its discovery, studies of the constituent tocopherols and tocotrienols have focused mainly on their antioxidant properties. In 1991 Angelo Azzi's group (Boscoboinik et al. 1991a,b) first described non-antioxidant cell signalling functions for alpha-tocopherol, demonstrating that vitamin E regulates protein kinase C activity in smooth muscle cells. At the transcriptional level, alpha-tocopherol modulates the expression of the hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein, as well as the expression of liver collagen alphal gene, collagenase gene and alpha-tropomyosin gene. Recently, a tocopherol-dependent transcription factor (tocopherol-associated protein) has been discovered. In cultured cells it has been demonstrated that vitamin E inhibits inflammation, cell adhesion, platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomic techniques have led to the discovery of novel vitamin E-sensitive genes and signal transduction pathways.
authors.affiliation: Hugh Sinclair Human Nutrition Unit, School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. g.h.rimbach@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Minihane
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majewicz
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallauf
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Virgli
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E