title: Long-term follow-up of patients with microscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stenosis of the nasolacrimal drainage system is a relatively frequent complication of acute or chronic inflammation, trauma, tumor, or congenital malformation. Symptoms include epiphora, intermittent purulent secretion, and swelling of the nasolacrimal sac. The principle of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is to create an artificial opening of the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. This can be done via an external as well as an endonasal route.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, we examined 74 microscopic endonasal DCRs. which were performed on 70 patients between 1990 and 2000. All of the 74 DCR operations had no major complications intraoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty DCR procedures (81.1%) were successful after a mean follow-up time of 3.18 years. This success rate is lower than those rates reported in the literature for the external approach, which range between 85 and 99%, although follow-up times were shorter in most of these studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advantages of the endonasal approach such as saving the medial palpebral ligament, the lacrimal pump mechanism, and the horizontal apparatus are obvious. If necessary, additional management of sinus, septal, and conchal disease can be performed simultaneously. Our results reveal that the microscopic endonasal approach is a safe and reliable procedure in the management of postsaccular or saccular nasolacrimal duct obstruction and is an alternative to the traditional external route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mainz Medical School, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mewes
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kühnemund
authors.forename: Basir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Wolf J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Amedee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome