Autoinhibition of the kit receptor tyrosine kinase by the cytosolic juxtamembrane region.
Genetic studies have implicated the cytosolic juxtamembrane region of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase as an autoinhibitory regulatory domain. Mutations in the juxtamembrane domain are associated with cancers, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and mastocytosis, and result in constitutive activation of Kit. Here we elucidate the biochemical mechanism of this regulation. A synthetic peptide encompassing the juxtamembrane region demonstrates cooperative thermal denaturation, suggesting that it folds as an autonomous domain. The juxtamembrane peptide directly interacted with the N-terminal ATP-binding lobe of the kinase domain. A mutation in the juxtamembrane region corresponding to an oncogenic form of Kit or a tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the juxtamembrane peptide disrupted the stability of this domain and its interaction with the N-terminal kinase lobe. Kinetic analysis of the Kit kinase harboring oncogenic mutations in the juxtamembrane region displayed faster activation times than the wild-type kinase. Addition of exogenous wild-type juxtamembrane peptide to active forms of Kit inhibited its kinase activity in trans, whereas the mutant peptide and a phosphorylated form of the wild-type peptide were less effective inhibitors. Lastly, expression of the Kit juxtamembrane peptide in cells which harbor an oncogenic form of Kit inhibited cell growth in a Kit-specific manner. Together, these results show the Kit kinase is autoinhibited through an intramolecular interaction with the juxtamembrane domain, and tyrosine phosphorylation and oncogenic mutations relieved the regulatory function of the juxtamembrane domain.
Chan
Perry M
PM
Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
Ilangumaran
Subburaj
S
La Rose
Jose
J
Chakrabartty
Avijit
A
Rottapel
Robert
R
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000494:Allosteric Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit