title: Cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia at rest in vocalists.
abstract: In order to clarify whether or not ventilatory and circulatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia at rest in male vocalists (n = 11) are identical to those of untrained subjects (n = 11), ventilatory responses to hypoxia (HVR) and hypercapnia (HCVR) were estimated as the slope of regression relating .VI to SaO(2) (Delta.VI/DeltaSaO(2)) or the slope factor (A) for the .VI-PETO(2) curve, and as the slope of regression relating .VI to PETCO(2) (Delta.VI/DeltaPETCO(2)), respectively. The respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were also estimated as the slope of the line calculated by linear regression related to SaO(2) and PETCO(2). Mean values of Delta.VI/DeltaSaO(2) and A as an index of hypoxic ventilatory response were lower in the vocalist group (0.39 +/- 0.25 l.min(-1).%(-1) and 76.8 +/- 55.7 l.min(-1).torr(-1)) than that in the control group (0.56 +/- 0.46 l.min(-1).%(-1) and 101.6 +/- 85.4 l.min(-1).torr(-1)), and there was no statistically significant difference. The Deltaf/DeltaSaO(2) was significantly (plt;0.05 ) lower in the vocalist group (-0.02 +/- 0.39 breaths.min(-1).%(-1)) than that in the control group (0.43 +/- 0.65 breaths.min(-1).%(-1)). In contrast, mean values of Delta.VI/DeltaPETCO(2) per body mass index were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the vocalist group (0.05 +/- 0.03 l.min(-1).torr(-1)) than those in the control group (0.10 +/- 0.06l.min(-1).torr(-1)). There were also significant differences in DeltaVT/DeltaPETCO(2) and Deltaf/DeltaPETCO(2) between the two groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences in HR and BP responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia between the two groups were observed. These results suggest that the magnitude of ventilatory response, but not HR and BP, to hypoxia and hypercapnia at rest in vocalists is reduced by chronic vocal training, including breath control and elongation of phonation for long periods.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan. miyamura@htc.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Miharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Keisho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Yasutake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morotome
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005080:Exercise Test; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012119:Respiration; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics