title: Potentially treatable causes of poor outcome in acute stroke patients with urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify potentially treatable clinical risk factors responsible for poor outcome in acute stroke patients with urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  All acute stroke patients admitted to our hospital within a 12-month period were considered for inclusion in this observational prospective study. Their clinical details were recorded prospectively during the hospital stay and at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and fifteen patients with complete records were enrolled in the study. After adjusting for age, disability, and comorbidity, urinary incontinence at admission was a significant predictor of stroke death at 3 months [hazard ratio 2.8 (95% CI 1.3 5.8), P = 0.006]. Stroke patients incontinent of urine were malnourished and had an increased risk of infective complications during the hospital stay compared with those without incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Part of the poor outcome associated with incontinence of urine after acute stroke may be due to treatable conditions such malnutrition and infections.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Institute for Studies on Ageing, The University of Sheffield & Barnsley District General Hospital, Sheffield, UK. s.e.gariballa@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gariballa
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*