title: Admixture in Hispanics: distribution of ancestral population contributions in the Continental United States.
abstract: The effect of gene flow on Hispanic populations from different geographic regions of the United States was analyzed using six autosomal DNA markers (LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC, and HLA-DQA). By region of sampling, the Hispanic populations showed different ancestry contributions, from a trihybrid structure with European, Native American, and African contributions (California, Nevada, Florida, New Jersey, and Virginia) to a dihybrid structure with European and American contributions (Southwest population) or European and African contributions (Pennsylvania and Southeast population). These findings allowed us to define two regional groups, the West and the East. In the former, Native American contributions ranged from 35.58% to 57.87%; in the East region the values ranged from 0% to 21.27%. An African influence was similar in both regions, ranging from 0% to 17.11%, with a tendency of increasing in the East region. These data reflect the different origins of the Hispanic populations that led to the present ones. In the West, Hispanics are mostly of Mexican origin, and in the East, they are predominantly of Cuban and Puerto Rican origin.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budowle
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sans
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Ranajit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006021:Glycophorins / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000235:genetics; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006021:Glycophorins; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; C069050:HLA-DQA1 antigen; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D004247:DNA