title: [Health services utilization according to gender in a cohort of intravenous drug users infected with HIV].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gender differences among HIV infected persons have been described in the utilization of health-care services and in their access to anti-retroviral and prophylactic treatments. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the health service utilization according to gender in a cohort of intravenous drug users (IVDU) with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 926 IVDU who tested positive for HIV infection in their first visit between January 1987 and December 1996. These participants generated 3,429 visits in different health-care centers. Odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis using robust methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 926 subjects, 25.4% were women. Although there were not clear differences by sex in the use of health-care centers, we observed that since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART) men have had fewer hospital admission than women (OR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.25-0.99). Moreover, once HAART was started, men received higher prescriptions of antiretroviral treatment than women (OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 0.97-1.24), as well as a higher number of prescriptions for prevention of tuberculosis (OR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.24-4.16) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.17-1.91). These associations were attenuated when sociodemographic and clinical status variables were taken into account, except for PCP treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No relevant differences according to gender were observed in the care of HIV disease. The benefits of HAART may have a minor impact among women in the short term, depending on prescriptions and the other variables considered. These findings must be confirmed by studies with longer follow-up periods.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad Miguel Hernández. San Juan. Alicante. España.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García de la Hera
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez-Hoyos
authors.forename: Ildefonso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández Aguado
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
vernacular_title: Utilización de servicios sanitarios según el sexo en una cohorte de usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.