title: [Biportal neuroendoscopy of the prepontine cisterns].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While bi- or multiportal approaches have been adopted in different fields of surgery including abdominal and spine surgery, the uniportal access into the skull is a traditional principle in neurosurgery. In this preclinical cadaver study the authors developed combinations of biportal endoneurosurgical dissections in the prepontine subarachnoid space to test the safety of this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 34 fresh post-mortem adult human cadavers and 14 formaldehyde-fixed adult human head specimen a total of 48 biportal endoscopical dissections were carried out. 0 degree, 30 degrees, and 70 degrees lens scopes with a diameter of 1.7 and 4.2 mm and trochars with a diameter of 5.0 to 6.5 mm were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six different endoscopic routes to the prepontine region and a total of 10 different combinations of this approaches could be described. Useful and safe biportal combinations were: 1. supraorbital on both sides, 2. supraorbital combined with ipsilateral anterior subtemporal, 3. supraorbital combined with contralateral anterior subtemporal, 4. supraorbital combined with ipsilateral posterior subtemporal, 5. supraorbital combined with ipsilateral frontal interhemispheric, 6. supraorbital combined with contralateral frontal interhemispheric, 7. anterior subtemporal combined with ipsilateral frontal interhemispheric, 8. anterior subtemporal combined with contralateral frontal interhemispheric.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biportal endomicrosurgical strategy offered effective and safe dissections within the prepontine subarachnoid space.
authors.affiliation: Johannes Gutenberg Egyetem, Idegsebészeti Klinika, Mainz. robireisch@web.de
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reisch
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patonay
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perneczky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011149:Pons / Q000601:surgery; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000601:surgery
vernacular_title: A praepontin ciszternák biportalis neuroendoszkópiája.