title: Airborne exposure and soil levels associated with lead abatement of a steel tank.
abstract: This study reports on airborne exposure levels and soil concentrations of lead in regard to abatement of a steel structure (water tank). The tank was de-leaded by abrasive sand blasting. The ball of the tank had a lead surface level that exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definition of lead-based paint (LBP) (0.5% lead), but paint on stem and base was below this criterion. Personal and area airborne samples were collected during different activities of lead abatement of the tank. Summary results suggest during abrasive blasting of ball and stem/base personal exposure levels, as reported with arithmetic and geometric means, exceed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (50 microg/m3). Highest personal exposure (occupational exposure) was associated with blasting of ball. Distribution of airborne and soil samples suggest non-normality and is best represented by a logarithmic form. Geometric standard deviations for air and soil lead support a non-normal distribution. Outlying values were found for personal and area air samples. Exposure levels associated with blasting stem/base section of tank support OSHA's policy requiring air monitoring of work at levels below the criterion established by EPA in identifying LBP. Area samples were statistically lower than personal samples associated with blasting ball and stem/base of tank. Exposure data suggest that workers performing abatement on steel structures have elevated lead exposure from surface lead. Respirator protection requirements are discussed. Soil lead concentration was suggested to decrease as distance increased from tank. Soil lead is suggested to be a result of deposition from LBP on tank surface. Minimal efforts were required to reduce average lead soil levels below EPA's upper acceptable criterion (1200 ppm Pb).
authors.affiliation: Envirosafe Training and Consultants, Pittsburgh, PA 15239, USA. john.pam.lange@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008669:Metallurgy; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014481:United States; D014489:United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead