title: Language disorders in young children: when is speech therapy recommended?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of treatment recommendation given by speech therapists. Evaluation of the language abilities in the examined children and re-examination of those abilities after 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four children, aged between 2.0 and 5.3 years, referred to speech therapists by their General Practitioners because of possible language problems were included in a prospective study. The number of children receiving speech therapy and the number of speech therapy sessions received during 1 year, and the therapy effect on three quantitative language measures were compiled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 97% of the children referred to a speech therapist, speech therapy was recommended. Most of these children showed average to above-average language scores on standardised tests for sentence development (61%) and language comprehension (79%). In addition, for most children spontaneous speech, as screened by the Groningen Diagnostic Speech Norms, was age-adequate (76%). The children's problems consisted of pronunciation difficulties or periods of stammering. After 12 months for 50% of these children speech therapy was still continued which means that the articulation problems still were present. The mean number of speech therapy sessions was 26.7. The language scores on the three language tests remained relatively stable over the 12-month interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young children pronunciation difficulties often lead to the recommendation for speech therapy. For a large number of children therapy takes more than a year, indicating that speech therapy cannot influence these problems to a great extent. In addition language scores remained relatively stable. Therefore, language problems and especially articulation problems in young children should be reconsidered regarding maturation and normal variations in speech motor development. A 'watchful waiting' approach should be taken more often.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Groningen University Hospital, P.O. Box 30.001, The Netherlands. s.m.goorhuis.brouwer@kno.azg.nl
authors.forename: Siena M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goorhuis-Brouwer
authors.forename: Wilma A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Knijff
mesh_terms: D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007807:Language Tests; D008037:Linguistics; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013070:Speech Therapy; D014705:Verbal Behavior