CC chemokines mediate leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system during murine neurocysticercosis: role of gamma delta T cells in amplification of the host immune response.
According to a previous report, the degree of the host immune response highly correlates with severity of the disease in the murine model for neurocysticercosis. In wild-type mice, Mesocestoides corti infection induced a rapid and extensive accumulation of gamma delta T cells and macrophages in the brain. NK cells, dendritic cells, alpha beta T cells, and B cells were also recruited to the brain but at lower levels. In contrast, gamma delta T-cell-deficient mice exhibited decreased cellular infiltration and reduced central nervous system (CNS) pathology. To understand the mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment into the CNS, chemokine expression was analyzed in infected brains in the present study. MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1 alpha (CCL3), and MIP-1 beta (CCL4) were up-regulated within 2 days after M. corti infection. Protein expression of RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), and MIP-2 was detected later, at 1 week postinfection. Correlating with the decreased cellular infiltration, delta chain T-cell receptor-deficient (TCR delta(-/-)) mice exhibited substantially reduced levels of most of the chemokines analyzed (with the exception of eotaxin). The results suggest that gamma delta T cells play an important role in the CNS immune response by producing chemokines such as MCP-1 and MIP-1 alpha, enhancing leukocyte trafficking into the brain during murine neurocysticercosis.
Cardona
Astrid E
AE
Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
Gonzalez
Paula A
PA
Teale
Judy M
JM
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D002465:Cell Movement; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008645:Mesocestoides; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta