title: Evaluation of anorectal function in patients with tethered cord syndrome: saline enema test and fecoflowmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disturbance in anorectal function is a major factor restricting the activities of daily living in patients with spinal cord disorders. To detect changes in anorectal motilities due to a tethered spinal cord, anorectal functions were evaluated using a saline enema test and fecoflowmetry before and after patients underwent untethering surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bowel functions in five patients with a tethered cord syndrome (TCS) were evaluated by performing a saline enema test and fecoflowmetry. The contractile activity of the rectum, the volume of infused saline tolerated in the rectum, anal canal pressure, and the ability to evacuate rectal content were examined. The characteristic findings in anorectal motility studies conducted in patients with TCS were a hyperactive rectum, diminished rectal saline-retention ability, and diminished maximal flow in saline evacuation. A hyperactive rectum was considered to be a major contributing factor to fecal incontinence. In one asymptomatic patient diminished anal squeezing pressure was exhibited and was incontinent to liquid preoperatively, but recovered after surgery. Two patients who underwent surgery for myeloschisis as infants complained of progressive fecal incontinence when they became adolescents. In one patient fecal incontinence improved but in another patient no improvement was observed after untethering surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecodynamic studies allow the detection of neurogenic disturbances of the anorectum in symptomatic and also in asymptomatic patients with TCS. More attention should be paid to the anorectal functions of patients with TCS.
authors.affiliation: Central Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Surgery and Neurosurgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan. kayaba@hos.akita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayaba
authors.forename: Tatsuzo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hebiguchi
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Mayako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chihara
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D004733:Enema; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology*; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride