title: Duration of antimicrobial therapy for nosocomial pneumonia: possible strategies for minimizing antimicrobial use in intensive care units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review published data evaluating shorter courses of antibiotic therapy for nosocomial pneumonia and provide recommendations for minimizing antimicrobial use in intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature was identified through MEDLINE (1966 through 6/2002) and a manual search of critical care, infectious disease, and pharmacy journals was conducted to identify relevant abstracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibiotic use may be decreased by discontinuing therapy after 3 days in patients with low likelihood of nosocomial pneumonia. In addition, clinical guidelines or invasive diagnostic procedures may be effectively instituted to reduce duration of antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shorter-course antibiotic therapy may be beneficial in decreasing lengths of hospital and intensive care units stays, antimicrobial resistance, and total hospital costs. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of therapy in patients with nosocomial pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: MacLaren
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents