title: Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients: linkage of chromosome-18 marker.
abstract: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common orthodontic treatment sequela. Previous studies implicate a substantial genetic component for EARR. Using a candidate gene approach, we investigated possible linkage of EARR associated with orthodontic treatment with the TNSALP, TNFalpha, and TNFRSF11A gene loci. The sample was comprised of 38 American Caucasian families with a total of 79 siblings who completed comprehensive orthodontic treatment. EARR was assessed by means of pre- and post-treatment radiographs. Buccal swab cells were collected for extraction and analysis of DNA. No evidence of linkage was found with EARR and the TNFalpha and TNSALP genes. Non-parametric sibling pair linkage analysis identified evidence of linkage (LOD = 2.5; p = 0.02) of EARR affecting the maxillary central incisor with the microsatellite marker D18S64 (tightly linked to TNFRSF11A). This indicates that the TNFRSF11A locus, or another tightly linked gene, is associated with EARR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Facial Development, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis 46202-5186, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Al-Qawasmi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hartsfield
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flury
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Macri
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D035781:Siblings; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human