title: Ketamine anaesthesia for paediatric ophthalmology surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with treatable, vision impairing conditions may not have access to surgical care when they live in regions where anaesthesia is unavailable. The use of ketamine anaesthesia in a developing region was studied to determine its safety and effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a consecutive series of 679 children who had a variety of paediatric eye disorders necessitating a short general anaesthesia. Ketamine was administered intravenously by a paediatrician with training in paediatric resuscitation procedures. Both intraocular and extraocular procedures were performed. The location of treatment was the Tilganga Eye Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, a developing region of the world. The study took place over a 5 year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were performed without any anaesthetic complications. No child required unanticipated resuscitation or laryngeal intubation. Postoperative dysphoria occurred occasionally and was difficult to measure quantitatively. This side effect of ketamine resolved by the first postoperative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine is an effective agent for both intraocular and extraocular surgery in the paediatric age group. None of the children in this series needed resuscitation or intubations, and the ophthalmic surgery was carried out safely. Ketamine can be used safely in any ophthalmic procedure of short duration by a person having some training in anaesthetic resuscitation procedures. Because of its simplicity and safety, ketamine may be useful in a simple ophthalmic setup in the developing word.
authors.affiliation: Tilganga Eye Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal Vermont, USA Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poudyal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tabin
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009390:Nepal; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine