title: Profile of neuropsychological deficits in older stroke survivors without dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the profile of cognitive impairments in older stroke patients without dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized evaluation including a detailed neuropsychological assessment [Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders in the Elderly--cognitive subscale (CAMCOG)] and computerised tests of attention and working memory from the Cognitive Drug Research battery were undertaken in 150 stroke survivors of >75 years of age and 30 elderly controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stroke survivors without dementia had significantly greater overall impairment on the CAMCOG, as well as significantly greater impairment in memory, simple reaction time, choice reaction time (CRT), vigilance accuracy, CRT variability, spatial working memory reaction time (SWMRT) and numerical working memory than the elderly controls (e.g. CRT [up] 33%, SWMRT [up] 61%, memory [down] 11%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impairments of cognitive processing speed, working memory and executive functions are frequent in elderly stroke patients without dementia and represent the main cognitive components of early cognitive impairments.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ageing and Health, Wolfson Research Centre, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK. c.g.ballard@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: RoseAnne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalaria
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tovee
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003704:Dementia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*