title: Free fatty acid overload attenuates Ca2+ signaling and NO production in endothelial cells.
abstract: Hyperlipidemia represents a major risk factor for development of vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Although the unfortunate role of low-density lipoprotein has been clearly demonstrated, the mechanistic pathways through which triglyceride-derived free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to vascular disorders are not completely understood. Thus, the present study was designed to elucidate the effects of FFAs on cultured endothelial cells. The Ca(2+) signaling, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and production of superoxide anions (.O(2)(-)) were monitored in cells treated with bovine serum albumin-conjugated FFA. FFA-loaded cells showed enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) release in response to ATP, histamine, or the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin. This effect corresponded to an overall increase in intracellularly stored Ca(2+). In contrast, autacoid-triggered elevation of cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration was blunted in FFA-loaded cells due to inhibition of capacitative Ca(2+) entry. In agreement with the reduced Ca(2+) signaling, the Ca(2+)-dependent activity of eNOS was reduced under basal conditions and if cells were stimulated with ATP, histamine, or thapsigargin. The attenuated eNOS activity was associated with.O(2)(-) release in FFA-loaded cells. These data indicate that FFAs significantly affect endothelial Ca(2+) signaling, eNOS activity, and.O(2)(-) release and, thus, might contribute to vascular dysfunction in atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Medical Molecular Biology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/211, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Esenabhalu
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: Wolfgang F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Graier
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000838:Anions; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013481:Superoxides; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000838:Anions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D013481:Superoxides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C013173:osteum; D019284:Thapsigargin; D006632:Histamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium