title: Randomized trial of tacrolimus in combination with sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before transplantation, patients were randomized to receive tacrolimus plus corticosteroids with sirolimus (n=185) or MMF (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. Patient and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% tacrolimus+sirolimus vs. 11.4% tacrolimus+MMF; P=0.64 log-rank). Patient survival (97.3% tacrolimus+sirolimus vs. 97.7% tacrolimus+MMF) and graft survival (93.0% tacrolimus+sirolimus vs. 95.5% tacrolimus+MMF) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in patients receiving sirolimus (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the MMF-treatment group (serum creatinine 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). Hyperlipidemia was significantly more prevalent in the sirolimus-treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in sirolimus-treated patients. There were significantly more leukopenia and gastrointestinal adverse events in the MMF-treatment group. The incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus was 7.6% in the sirolimus group and 7.7% in the MMF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with sirolimus or MMF. The tacrolimus-MMF combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including hyperlipidemia and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32216, USA. gonwa.thomas@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonwa
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Harold C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jensik
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus