title: Child labor. A matter of health and human rights.
abstract: Despite the existence of laws in India that prohibit the labor of children under age 14, 70 to 115 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are estimated to be part of India's labor force. Child labor in the agriculture sector accounts for 80% of child laborers in India and 70% of working children globally. From May 2001 to July 2001, Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) investigated the health experiences of 100 children in hybrid cottonseed production in rural Andhra Pradesh. Eighty-eight percent of the survey participants were girls, ages 7 to 14. PHR found that children worked on average 12 hours a day, were frequently exposed to pesticides, and were not provided with safety equipment, not even shoes or water to wash their hands and clothes. Children reported having frequent headaches and dizziness and skin and eye irritations after pesticide spraying. All 100 children reported that they were unable to go to school during the hybrid cottonseed season due to work demands. Ninety-four children reported to PHR that they would rather be in school. In addition, a majority of child workers interviewed by PHR reported physical and/or verbal abuse by their employers. Moreover, PHR interviews with representatives of multinational and national companies revealed knowledge of child labor practices for up to 10 years. Child labor is a significant health and human rights problem for children in India. The progressive elimination of child labor practices will require the support of a wide cross-section of civil society.
authors.affiliation: phrusa@phrusa.org
authors.forename: Rahel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iacopino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000383:Agriculture / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004493:Education; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides