title: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) germline mutations in familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by uniglandular or multiglandular parathyroid tumours that occur in the absence of other endocrine tumours. The disorder may represent either an early stage of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), or an allelic variant of MEN1, or a distinct entity involving another locus. We have explored these possibilities in seven families in whom primary hyperparathyroidism occurred as the sole endocrinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven FIHP families were ascertained and venous blood samples obtained from 35 members (17 affected and 18 unaffected) for DNA sequence analysis of the MEN1 gene. The mean (+/- SD) follow-up period in the 17 affected members was 15.06 (+/- 8.83) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four heterozygous germline mutations of the MEN1 gene were identified. These consisted of two 4-bp intragenic deletions that would result in prematurely truncated proteins, and two missense (Asp153Val and Ala411Pro) mutations. Furthermore, analysis of parathyroid tumour DNA from one individual revealed a loss of the wild-type allele and retention of the mutant allele, consistent with Knudson's 'two-hit' model of hereditary cancer and a tumour suppressor role for MEN1 in FIHP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide further support for FIHP being a distinct allelic variant of MEN1, and an analysis of the 16 mutations reported to date indicate that FIHP is associated with a higher frequency of missense MEN1 mutations.
authors.affiliation: MRC Molecular Endocrinology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A A J
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pannett
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: J J O
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cavaco
authors.forename: J H D
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cianferotti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shine
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flinter
authors.forename: C G H
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Maidment
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trembath
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Thakker
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000235:genetics*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000473:pathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone