title: Calibration and electrical safety status of therapeutic ultrasound used by chiropractic physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound therapy is a commonly used therapeutic modality within the chiropractic profession. Previous calibration studies of ultrasound units within the physical therapy communities in Scotland and Canada have shown that approximately two thirds of units tested did not conform to minimum calibration standards. Similar failure rates may exist in the chiropractic profession and need to be addressed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether ultrasound machines used by chiropractic physicians met established calibration and electrical safety standards, and to assess frequency of ultrasound therapy use.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study tested 45 ultrasound units for ultrasonic output and electrical safety. Additionally, we asked the doctors to complete a short survey relating to education, usage, and maintenance of their ultrasound equipment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45 machines tested, 44% failed either calibration or electrical safety inspection. Failure rate was age dependent (P < or =.05). Only 2 of the 45 machines tested had been safety checked within the last year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large percentage of ultrasound machines in chiropractic physicians' offices deliver too much or too little dosage to the patient. Electrical safety inspections also revealed a significant failure rate. Chiropractic physicians must become more aware of the requirement for yearly calibration and safety inspections, and understand that failure to maintain their equipment could result in loss of therapeutic effectiveness and pose a threat to the safety of their patients and staff.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Parker College of Chiropractic, 2500 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, TX 75229, USA.
authors.forename: Dwain M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rupert
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002684:Chiropractic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004556:Electric Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012015:Reference Standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States