title: Follow-up of 366 ears after tympanostomy tube insertion: why is it draining?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tympanostomy tube insertion is one of the most frequently performed procedures in otolaryngology. Complications, such as otorrhea, tympanosclerosis, and cholesteatoma, have been reported in the literature after its application.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reports the complications encountered with 239 children (439 ears) with a follow-up of 7 to 73 months (median, 29 months) after tympanostomy tube insertion. Hearing results and middle ear pressures were compared and complications were noted in 366 ears that were available for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Otorrhea developed in 3 (0.8%) cases. Tympanosclerosis was seen in 74 (20.2%) cases. Tympanic membrane perforation, retraction pocket, granulation tissue, and atelectasis were seen in 4.6%, 5.2%, 1.1%, and 6%, respectively. No patients developed cholesteatoma after tube insertion. Hearing results were improved postoperatively in 93.4% of patients (median, 14.2 dB) and worse in 6.6% of patients (median, 8.3 dB). The average extrusion time was 7.3 months for grommet and 16.3 months for T-tubes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multifactor etiologies show some unsolved or misunderstood underlying pathology, or unmentioned environmental factor such as atopy due to rich flora and humidity might exist to consider in the pathophysiology of the otorrhea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. mtkalcioglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M Tayyar
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kalcioglu
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cokkeser
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kizilay
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturan
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects*