title: Evaluation of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine as a novel biomarker of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker for the progression of diabetic macroangiopathic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The content of urinary 8-OHdG, common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score, the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and urinary albumin excretion were examined in 96 patients with type 2 diabetes, including 32 patients who had been nominated for the Kumamoto Study [Shichiri M, et al. Diabetes Care 23 (Suppl 2):B21-B29, 2000]. In addition, the patients from the Kumamoto Study were further evaluated regarding the effect of intensive insulin therapy on urinary 8-OHdG excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urinary 8-OHdG:creatinine ratio (U8-OHdG) was 2.5-fold higher in patients with increased HbA(1c) than in those with normal HbA(1c) (P < 0.05). In addition, U8-OHdG was 2.3-fold higher in patients with increased IMT (P < 0.005). A similar result was observed between U8-OHdG and CHD risk score (P < 0.01). U8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with simple retinopathy (P < 0.05) and those with advanced retinopathy (P < 0.01) than in patients without retinopathy. Similarly, U8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with albuminuria (P < 0.01). Furthermore, in the Kumamoto Study, U8-OHdG was significantly lower in the multiple insulin injection therapy group compared with the conventional insulin injection therapy group (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia independently increases 8-OHdG in patients with type 2 diabetes. 8-OHdG is a useful biomarker of not only microvascular but also macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan. takeshi@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasahara
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiritoshi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Takahumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senokuchi
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kukidome
authors.forename: Nakayasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyamura
authors.forename: Michiharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakakida
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishikawa
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003404:Creatinine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine