title: Adiponectin is markedly increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome and is related to metabolic risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin (ADPN), the gene product of apM1, is the most abundant secretory protein of the adipose tissue in human plasma. Altered regulation (reduced synthesis) of this substance may be relevant to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in patients with ESRD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the relationship between plasma ADPN, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (plasma iohexol clearance), and metabolic risk factors in 16 patients with nephrotic syndrome, in 25 patients with chronic nephropathies without nephrotic syndrome, and in 31 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma ADPN was much higher (P < 0.01) in patients with nephrotic syndrome (24.4 +/- 14.9 microg/mL) than in patients with chronic nephropathies without nephrotic syndrome (12.3 +/- 7.2 microg/mL) and healthy subjects (5.9 +/- 2.6 microg/mL). In the aggregate 24-hour, proteinuria (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) and serum cholesterol (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) were strong and direct correlates of plasma ADPN, while serum albumin correlated inversely (r = -0.46, P < 0.01) with this protein. Proteinuria appeared to be an important confounder of the relationship between ADPN and the GFR because in the whole patient population (with and without nephrotic syndrome), this relationship emerged only after data adjustment for 24-hour proteinuria (partial r = -0.31, P = 0.05), while no such relationship was demonstrable on crude data analysis (r = 0.03, P = 0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADPN is markedly increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome, and proteinuria is strongly related to circulating ADPN in patients with nephrotic and non-nephrotic renal diseases. The relationships between plasma ADPN, serum cholesterol, and serum albumin suggest that this adipocyte protein may serve to mitigate endothelial damage triggered by dyslipidemia and other risk factors in patients with chronic renal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Epidemiologia, Clinica e Fisiopatologia delle Malattie, Renali, e dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Istituto di Biomedicina, Reggio Calabria, Italy. carmine.zoccali@tin.it
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoccali
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallamaci
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panuccio
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripepi
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cutrupi
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parlongo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005340:Fibrinogen