title: Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for paranasal sinus carcinoma: clinical results for 25 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess local control, survival, and clinical and dosimetric prognostic factors in 25 patients with locally advanced maxillary or ethmoid sinus carcinoma treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery was performed in 22 patients and was macroscopically complete in 16. Seven patients received chemotherapy (concomitant with RT in four). The following quality indexes were defined for the 95% and 90% isodoses: tumor conformity index, normal tissue conformity index, and global conformity index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median radiation dose to the planned treatment volume was 63 Gy, with a minimal dose of 60 Gy, except in 2 patients whose cancer progressed during RT. The maximal doses tolerated by the structures involved in vision were respected, except for tumors that involved the optic nerve. After a median follow-up of 25 months, 14 local tumor recurrences developed. The major prognostic factors were central nervous system involvement by disease and the presence of nonresectable tumors. The radiation dose and tumor conformity index value were not significant prognostic indicators. Two patients died of acute infectious toxicity, and two developed late ipsilateral ocular toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving local control remains the main challenge in RT for paranasal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pommier
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clippe S
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martel-Lafay
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malet
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poupart
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zrounba
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ceruse
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desmes
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrie
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Montbarbon
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ginestet
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome