title: Characterization of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract effects on the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis, EB 188. Part 1. Zoospore development and physiology.
abstract: Experiments were performed to determine the effect of Aspergillus oryzae (AO) fermentation extract on zoospore development in the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB 188. Powdered product, or liquid extract prepared from such powder, was added at the recommended value for supplementation in dairy cattle. Stationary and stirred cultures were periodically sampled and assayed for extracellular and intracellular protein and enzymes, gas production, zoospore production and maturation, and carbon source utilization. Soluble extract increased fungal physiology when grown in stirred vessels or stationary cultures. Treated cultures produced higher levels of enzymes (nearly double). Mobile zoospores matured into germination entities more rapidly in treated cultures, and when powdered product was used, nearly 3 times more motile zoospores were produced at 56 h of fungal growth. Levels of the intracellular enzyme malate dehydrogenase increased by 6-fold in the presence of powdered product. Product wheat bran carrier used as soluble extract or powder had very little effect on fungal cultures. Medium cellulose was completely hydrolyzed in all cultures but this occurred earlier in those containing AO treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and School of Molecular BioSciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6353, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Calza
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Calza
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002480:Cellulase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D020088:Neocallimastix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D000681:Amylases; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase; C019826:carboxymethylcellulase