title: [Pathophysiology and treatment of hiccup].
abstract: Hiccup is defined as involuntary, paroxysmal inspiratory movements of the thoracic wall, together with contraction of the diaphragm and additional respiratory muscles. The clinical problem is connected mainly with pathological chronic hiccup. The authors discuss pathophysiology of hiccup and diagnostic possibilities, as well as various therapeutical options.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Neurologii AM 50-420 Wrocław, ul. Traugutta 118.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budrewićz
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Góral
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Podemski
mesh_terms: D006606:Hiccup / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*
vernacular_title: Patofizjologia i leczenie czkawki.