title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of classical homeopathy in generalized anxiety disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homeopathy is commonly used for the treatment of medical and psychological conditions. Such prevalent use, however, is not supported by robust, methodologically sound research. This study evaluates the effect of homeopathic treatment in generalized anxiety disorder, a prevalent mental disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of excessive apprehension and distress and by mental and bodily complaints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 10-week trial of individually tailored homeopathic remedy. Homeopathic therapy was administered by an expert who followed the traditional routines of homeopathic diagnosis and prescription. Thirty-nine subjects completed the study (20 in the active treatment group and 19 in the placebo group). Subjects' symptoms were rated before treatment and after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment, with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) as main outcome measure. Additional measures of outcome included the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Psychological General Well-Being Index, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a Visual Analogue Scale of subjective distress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant (p <.05) improvement in most measures, including the HAM-A, was observed in both the active treatment and placebo groups, yet no group effect was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of homeopathic treatment on mental symptoms of patients with generalized anxiety disorder did not differ from that of placebo. The improvement in both conditions was substantial. Improvement of such magnitude may account for the current belief in the efficacy of homeopathy and the current increase in the use of this practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Medical School and the Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. bonneo@intra.nimh.nih.gov
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bonne
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shemer
authors.forename: Yonatan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorali
authors.forename: Maor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Arieh Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Shalev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018579:Patient Selection; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008419:Materia Medica; D010919:Placebos