Imaging of renal osteodystrophy.
Chronic renal insufficiency, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, renal transplantation and administration of different medications provoke complex biochemical disturbances of the calcium-phosphate metabolism with wide spectrum of bone and soft tissue abnormalities termed renal osteodystrophy. Clinically most important manifestation of renal bone disease includes secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia/rickets, osteoporosis, adynamic bone disease and soft tissue calcification. As a complication of long-term hemodialysis and renal transplantation amyloid deposition, destructive spondyloarthropathy, osteonecrosis, and musculoskeletal infections may occur. Due to more sophisticated diagnostic methods and more efficient treatment classical radiographic features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia/rickets are now less frequently seen. Radiological investigations play an important role in early diagnosis and follow-up of the renal bone disease. Although numerous new imaging modalities have been introduced in clinical practice (scintigraphy, CT, MRI, quantitative imaging), plain film radiography, especially fine quality hand radiograph, still represents most widely used examination.
Jevtic
V
V
Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, Slovenia. vladimir.jevtic@mf.uni-lj.si
D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging