title: Effects of vaccine route and dosage on protection from rabies after intracerebral challenge in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of various routes of administration and number of doses of 3 commercially produced rabies vaccines on serum antibody responses and protection in mice challenged by intracerebral injection with fixed-strain rabies virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,213 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inactivated, adjuvanted rabies vaccines were administered to mice in either 2, 1, or 0 (control) doses via IP, IM, and SC routes, and mice were challenged intracerebrally with fixed-strain rabies virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination route and dose number significantly influenced serum antibody responses and protection from rabies virus challenge, independent of vaccine strain origin and mouse strain, although mouse age significantly affected results. Extended challenge studies revealed that IM vaccination of mice resulted in the highest serum neutralizing antibody responses and protection levels equivalent to IP vaccination. Even multiple doses administered SC (a vaccination route used in dogs) resulted in poor serum anti-rabies neutralizing antibody responses in mice and were far less protective than other routes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest possible improvements for the current rabies vaccine potency test in mice by using 1 dose, the IM route, and a delayed time of challenge. These modifications would more closely model vaccination practices in target species and yield more accurate information regarding primary immunogenicity of a vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Immunogen Inc, 128 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139-4239, USA.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wunderli
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dreesen
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Baer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011818:Rabies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011819:Rabies Vaccines