title: Involvement of peroxynitrite in LPS-induced apoptosis of trophoblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether or not peroxynitrite was involved in trophoblastic apoptosis induced by a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of nitrite/nitrate, stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), in culture medium of trophoblasts, were determined using Griess reagents. Trophoblastic apoptosis was identified morphologically and confirmed using in situ nick end labeling technique. The amount of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, was quantified by dot blotting. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of trophoblasts with LPS leads to apoptosis accompanied by formation of NO and nitrotyrosine. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), reduced peroxynitrite formation and prevented apoptosis. Scavengers of peroxynitrite also prevented apoptosis in this culture model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peroxynitrite was involved in trophoblastic apoptosis induced by LPS. Peroxynitrite scavengers or inhibitors of NOS may thus be candidate therapeutic agents for infectious diseases, which is associated with overproduction of NO and peroxynitrite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama-city, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asagiri
authors.forename: Mikiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habara
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C004479:pimagedine