title: Lophine derivatives as versatile analytical tools.
abstract: Lophine (2,4,5-triphenylimidazole) derivatives as versatile analytical tools in biomedical sciences are described. Chemiluminescence (CL) and fluorescence (FL) properties of the lophine derivatives are first demonstrated including the CL reaction mechanism, effects of substituents on CL yields, FL spectral behaviors, etc. Next, analytical applications to the determination of metal ions such as cobalt (II) and chromium (VI) are discussed. Finally, the application studies of lophine derivatives as CL and FL reagents for the determination of organic substances in biological materials are presented. Among the derivatives, 2-(4-hydrazinocarbonylphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole (HCPI) and 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) are studied, with their excellent properties as labeling reagents for fatty acids and amines and/or phenols, respectively, in high-performance liquid chromatography. The utility of boronic acid derivatives as CL enhancers is also discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan. naka-ken@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D008722:Methods; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D008670:Metals; C107378:lophine