title: Spanish genetic admixture is associated with larger V(O2) max decrement from sea level to 4338 m in Peruvian Quechua.
abstract: Quechua in the Andes may be genetically adapted to altitude and able to resist decrements in maximal O2 consumption in hypoxia (DeltaVo2 max). This hypothesis was tested via repeated measures of Vo2 max (sea level vs. 4338 m) in 30 men of mixed Spanish and Quechua origins. Individual genetic admixture level (%Spanish ancestry) was estimated by using ancestry-informative DNA markers. Genetic admixture explained a significant proportion of the variability in DeltaVo2 max after control for covariate effects, including sea level Vo2 max and the decrement in arterial O2 saturation measured at Vo2 max (DeltaSpO2 max) (R2 for admixture and covariate effects approximately 0.80). The genetic effect reflected a main effect of admixture on DeltaVo2 max (P = 0.041) and an interaction between admixture and DeltaSpO2 max (P = 0.018). Admixture predicted DeltaVo2 max only in subjects with a large DeltaSpO2 max (P = 0.031). In such subjects, DeltaVo2 max was 12-18% larger in a subgroup of subjects with high vs. low Spanish ancestry, with least squares mean values (+/-SE) of 739 +/- 71 vs. 606 +/- 68 ml/min, respectively. A trend for interaction (P = 0.095) was also noted between admixture and the decrease in ventilatory threshold at 4338 m. As previously, admixture predicted DeltaVo2 max only in subjects with a large decrease in ventilatory threshold. These findings suggest that the genetic effect on DeltaVo2 max depends on a subject's aerobic fitness. Genetic effects may be more important (or easier to detect) in athletic subjects who are more likely to show gas-exchange impairment during exercise. The results of this study are consistent with the evolutionary hypothesis and point to a better gas-exchange system in Quechua.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, The University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA. tbrutsae@csc.albany.edu
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Brutsaert
authors.forename: Esteban J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shriver
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.forename: Jose-Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Ivette
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: León-Velarde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D001158:Arteries; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics*; D010568:Peru; D013030:Spain; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA; D010100:Oxygen