Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos.
Upon fertilization, remodeling of condensed maternal and paternal gamete DNA occurs to form the diploid genome. In Xenopus laevis, nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) decondenses sperm DNA in vitro. To study chromatin remodeling in vivo, we isolated mammalian NPM2 orthologs. Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte nuclei and persists in preimplantation embryos. Npm2 knockout females have fertility defects owing to failed preimplantation embryo development. Although sperm DNA decondensation proceeds without NPM2, abnormalities are evident in oocyte and early embryonic nuclei. These defects include an absence of coalesced nucleolar structures and loss of heterochromatin and deacetylated histone H3 that normally circumscribe nucleoli in oocytes and early embryos, respectively. Thus, Npm2 is a maternal effect gene critical for nuclear and nucleolar organization and embryonic development.
Burns
Kathleen H
KH
Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Viveiros
Maria M
MM
Ren
Yongsheng
Y
Wang
Pei
P
DeMayo
Francesco J
FJ
Frail
Donald E
DE
Eppig
John J
JJ
Matzuk
Martin M
MM
D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008938:Mitosis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009866:Oogenesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015053:Zygote / Q000502:physiology
D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D002843:Chromatin; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; C533550:NPM2 protein, human; C533552:Npm2 protein, mouse; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056489:Nucleoplasmins