title: Reappraisal of early CT signs to predict the arterial occlusion site in acute embolic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the value of early computed tomographic (CT) signs of stroke in predicting the occlusion site in the cerebral arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  105 consecutive patients with acute embolic stroke affecting the anterior circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four early signs were evaluated on cranial CT within six hours of stroke onset: loss of the insular ribbon (LIR); attenuation of the lentiform nucleus (ALN); hemispherical sulcus effacement (HSE); and the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS). The arterial occlusion site was definitively identified on cerebral angiography within two hours of the CT examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LIR was present in 55% of patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. ALN was present in 65% of patients with occlusion of the sphenoidal portion (M1) of the middle cerebral artery. HSE was present in 47% of patients with middle cerebral artery branch occlusion. LIR was related independently to internal carotid artery occlusion (odds ratio (OR) 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.8)), ALN to M1 occlusion (OR 2.9 (1.2 to 7.4)), and isolated HSE without ALN or LIR to branch occlusion (OR 12.8 (3.2 to 51.5)). The combined presence of the three signs was indicative of internal carotid artery occlusion (p < 0.05), and the presence of ALN and LIR without HSE was indicative of M1 occlusion (p < 0.05) by univariate analysis. HMCAS bore no relation to either arterial occlusion site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LIR, ALS, HSE, and combinations of these were useful predictors of the arterial occlusion site.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebrovascular Disorders, St Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saku
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaba
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed