title: Differing incidences of relevant hypotension with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia.
abstract: In this investigation we assessed whether patients receiving spinal anesthesia (SPA) as part of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE) more often experience relevant hypotension than patients receiving SPA alone. From January 1, 1997, until August 5, 2000, electronic anesthesia records from 1596 patients having received SPA and 1023 patients having received CSE for elective surgery were collected by using a computerized anesthesia record-keeping system. Relevant hypotension was defined as a decrease of mean arterial blood pressure of more than 30% within a 10-min interval and a therapeutic action of the attending anesthesiologist within 20 min after onset. Electronic patient charts were reviewed by using logistic regression with a forward stepwise algorithm to identify independent risk factors that were associated with an increased incidence of hypotension after CSE. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences in biometric data and relevant risk factors for hypotension between the two procedures. The incidence of relevant hypotension was more frequent with CSE than with SPA alone (10.9% versus 5.0%; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, arterial hypertension (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.78) and sensory block height >T6 (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.88-4.22) were found to be factors associated with hypotension in the CSE group. Compared with patients receiving SPA alone, patients undergoing CSE had a significantly more frequent prevalence of arterial hypertension and higher sensory block levels (P < 0.01) despite smaller amounts of local anesthetics. In this study, patients receiving CSE had an increased risk for relevant hypotension as compared with patients with SPA alone. Part of this effect seems to be due to the procedure alone and not only because this population is at higher risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, based on a large number of patients with a retrospective design by using on-line recorded data, suggests that spinal anesthesia as part of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia may more often lead to relevant hypotension than spinal anesthesia alone. Preexisting arterial hypertension and a sensory block height exceeding T6 are major risk factors for the development of this complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klasen
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junger
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banzhaf
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwapisz
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hempelmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009862:Online Systems; D012307:Risk Factors