title: Effects of disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphates (FM-VP4) on cholesterol accumulation within rat intestinal cells.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether FM-VP4, a novel compound derived from plant sterols, can effectively reduce cholesterol accumulation within rat intestinal epithelial crypt (IEC-6) cells. EC-6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 micro g/mL streptomycin, and 0.1 units/mL insulin at 37 degrees C under a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere and seeded at 6.4 x 10(4) cells/well in 48-well plates. Experiments were initiated 14 days postconfluence. IEC-6 cells were exposed to [3H]cholesterol micelles (containing oleic and taurcholic acids), co-incubated with FM-VP4 (0, 10, 50, and 100 micro M) in Hepes Buffered Sterile Saline (HBSS). Cells were also preincubated with FM-VP4 prior to [3H]cholesterol micelle incubation to determine whether its effects are elicited intracellularly. The cellular localization of cholesterol was determined using digitonin. To determine the effects of cholesterol on the extent of FM-VP4 accumulation within IEC-6 cells, [3H]FM-VP4 was incubated with IEC-6 cells in the presence of unlabeled cholesterol micelles (0, 10, and 50 micro M). The extent of [3H]cholesterol or [3H]FM-VP4 associated with cell monolayers was determined after cell lysis using liquid scintillation counting in a Beckman LS6500 Scintillation Counter. Dose-response and time course studies were performed in which control (no FM-VP4 treatment) and FM-VP4 (10-100 micro M) were co-incubated with 50- micro M [3H]cholesterol micelles from 1 minute to 24 hours. Incubation with only 50- micro M FM-VP4 for less than 24 hours resulted in a 50% to 60% reduction (n = 6, P <.05) in [3H]cholesterol associated with the monolayer compared with control (n = 6). Preincubation of FM-VP4 did not elicit a significant reduction in cholesterol accumulation compared with control (n = 6). Approximately 25% of the total [3H]cholesterol associated with the cells was determined to be cytosolic, while 75% was noncytosolic in the presence and/or absence of FM-VP4. [3H]FM-VP4 was also shown to associate with IEC-6 cells at similar concentrations to cholesterol with the most pronounced inhibition of FM-VP4 accumulation occurring at a cholesterol concentration of 50 micro M. However, cholesterol-induced inhibition was detectable only after 1 hour of incubation. FM-VP4 inhibits cholesterol accumulation within IEC-6 cells and is most effective at equimolar concentrations with cholesterol. Our findings further suggest that the action of FM-VP4 is likely at the cell surface and not elicited intracellularly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3. kwasan@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Kishor M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wasan
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: Kathy D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramswamy
authors.forename: P Haydn
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pritchard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; C445524:FM-VP4 compound; D010840:Phytosterols; D014316:Tritium; D002784:Cholesterol