title: Preparation of a superantigen-adsorbing device and its superantigen removal efficacies in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new superantigen-adsorbing device (SAAD) was developed, and its characteristics and efficacy in septic animals were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SAAD was prepared by stepwise chemical modification of a polystyrene-based composite fiber reinforced with polypropylene. Adsorption affinities for several factors and the biological effect of superantigen (SAg) removal were measured in vitro. Also, superantigen-infused rabbits were treated with SAAD, and the efficacy was evaluated in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the SAAD was evaluated for its ability to adsorb SAg in human plasma (1 ng/mL each), the adsorption rates were 74%, 76% and 85% for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C, respectively, and 80% and 72% for toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, respectively. In addition, the SAAD showed some affinity towards other molecules, such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B, beta2-microglobulin, and vancomycin. Residual activities in whole blood samples containing TSST-1 (1 ng/mL) after incubation with the SAAD were 125 pg/mL for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, and 359 pg/mL for interleukin-8 (IL-8) production (the initial activities: 194 pg/mL for TNF-alpha production, and 1029 pg/mL for IL-8 production). When TSST-1/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-infused rabbits were subjected to extracorporeal blood purification with a SAAD column, 50% of the animals survived for a 14-day period after the infusion. In contrast, all control animals died within 3 days after the infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the SAg-adsorbing device may be useful in treating SAg-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Medical Devices Research Laboratory, Pioneering Research Laboratories, Toray Industries Inc., 2-1 Sonoyama 3-chome, Otsu, Shiga 529-0842, Japan. Keishi_Miwa@nts.toray.co.jp
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000378:metabolism; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000378:metabolism; D018089:Superantigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D011137:Polystyrenes; D018089:Superantigens