title: Influence of phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol on the skin permeation of sodium-fluorescein.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of enhancing the transport of the model drug sodium-fluorescein across rat, porcine and human skin by treating it with phloretin and 6-ketocholestanol. Both 6-ketocholestanol and phloretin were incorporated into unilamellar liposomes and used as a skin pre-treatment. Afterwards standard diffusion experiments with Franz-type diffusion cells were performed. The results indicate a positive effect of 6-ketocholestanol on the sodium-fluorescein diffusion in all skin types, whereas phloretin had no significant influence compared to the control in human skin. In contrast to this, phloretin had a significant positive effect in rat as well as in porcine skin after 30 h of diffusion. In addition to the permeation studies, the human skin samples were analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy for direct visualisation of the sodium-fluorescein. As expected the results of the diffusion experiments were confirmed by this microscopic method.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
authors.forename: Barbara G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Auner
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hadgraft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007653:Ketocholesterols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010693:Phloretin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007653:Ketocholesterols; C063833:6-ketocholestanol; D010693:Phloretin; D019793:Fluorescein