title: Spinal pharmacology of antinociception produced by microinjection of mu or delta opioid receptor agonists in the ventromedial medulla of the rat.
abstract: This study examined the role of spinal GABAergic, serotoninergic and alpha(2) adrenergic receptors in the antinociception produced by the microinjection of equi-antinociceptive doses of selective opioid receptor agonists in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) or the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGCpalpha) of the rat. Rats were pretreated with intrathecal administration of either the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline, the GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP35348, the serotonin(1/2) receptor antagonist methysergide, the alpha(2) adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine or saline. Ten minutes later, either the delta(1) opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin (DPDPE), delta(2) opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]deltorphin (DELT) or mu opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),NMePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) was microinjected into the NRM, NGCpalpha or sites in the medulla outside these two regions. The increase in tail-flick latency produced by microinjection of DPDPE into the NRM or NGCpalpha was antagonized by intrathecal pretreatment with either methysergide or yohimbine. Intrathecal pretreatment with CGP35348 antagonized the antinociception produced by microinjection of DPDPE in the NRM, whereas bicuculline antagonized the antinociception produced by microinjection of DPDPE in the NGCpalpha. The increase in tail-flick latency produced by microinjection of DELT into the NGCpalpha, but not the NRM was antagonized by intrathecal pretreatment with yohimbine or CGP35348. Intrathecal pretreatment with methysergide or bicuculline did not antagonize the antinociception produced by microinjection of DELT into either the NRM or the NGCpalpha. The increase in tail-flick latency produced by microinjection of DAMGO in the NRM was antagonized by intrathecal pretreatment with methysergide or CGP35348, but not by bicuculline or yohimbine. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the antinociception produced by activation of delta(1), delta(2) or mu opioid receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla is mediated by different neural substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banfor
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists