title: Probing the role of linker substituents in bisdioxopiperazine analogs for activity against wild-type and mutant human topoisomerase II alpha.
abstract: The bisdioxopiperazines are catalytic inhibitors of eukaryotic type II DNA topoisomerases capable of trapping these enzymes as a salt-stable closed-clamp complex on circular DNA. The various bisdioxopiperazine analogs differ from each other because of structural differences in the linker connecting the two dioxopiperazine rings. Although the composition of this linker region has been found to be important for potency, the structural basis for this is largely unknown. To elucidate the role of the linker region in drug action, we have analyzed the effect of different linker substituents in otherwise identical analogs by studying their interaction with wild-type and mutant human topoisomerase II alpha. Two mutations, L169I and R162Q, displayed differential sensitivity toward closely related analogs, suggesting that the linker region in these compounds plays a highly specific role in protein drug interaction. The finding that the L169I mutation, which probably represents a subtle structural change, was sufficient to confer resistance further emphases the importance of this region of the protein for bisdioxopiperazine inhibition of topoisomerase II. Comparing the sensitivity profiles of different bisdioxopiperazines against wild-type and mutant proteins with that of mitindomide, we observed a spectrum of sensitivity closely resembling that of ICRF-154, a bisdioxopiperazine with no linker substituents. We discuss the implications of these observations for the understanding of the mechanism of bisdioxopiperazine action on topoisomerase II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory and Finsen Centres, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renodon-Cornière
authors.forename: Tina K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nitiss
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Søkilde
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sehested
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002384:Catalysis; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011929:Razoxane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D010879:Piperazines; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C070899:4,4'-(1,2-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-2,6-piperazinedione; D011929:Razoxane; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; C047749:mitindomide; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; C000283:1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethane