title: Sequence-specific targeting of Drosophila roX genes by the MSL dosage compensation complex.
abstract: MSL complexes bind the single male X chromosome in Drosophila to increase transcription approximately 2-fold. Complexes contain at least five proteins and two noncoding RNAs, roX1 and roX2. The mechanism of X chromosome binding is not known. Here, we identify a 110 bp sequence in roX2 characterized by high-affinity MSL binding, male-specific DNase I hypersensitivity, a shared consensus with the otherwise dissimilar roX1 gene, and conservation across species. Mutagenesis of evolutionarily conserved sequences diminishes MSL binding in vivo. MSL binding to these sites is roX RNA dependent, suggesting that complexes become competent for binding only after incorporation of roX RNAs. However, the roX RNA segments homologous to the DNA binding sites are not required, ruling out simple RNA-DNA complementarity as the primary targeting mechanism. Our results are consistent with a model in which nascent roX RNA assembly with MSL proteins is an early step in the initiation of dosage compensation.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yongkyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mengus
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Victoria H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Mitzi I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000235:genetics; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D018390:Gene Targeting; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C092595:Pabp2 protein, Drosophila; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082132:msl-1 protein, Drosophila; D012313:RNA; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I