title: Hsp105alpha suppresses the aggregation of truncated androgen receptor with expanded CAG repeats and cell toxicity.
abstract: Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The N-terminal fragment of AR containing the expanded polyglutamine tract aggregates in cytoplasm and/or in nucleus and induces cell death. Some chaperones such as Hsp40 and Hsp70 have been identified as important regulators of polyglutamine aggregation and/or cell death in neuronal cells. Recently, Hsp105alpha, expressed at especially high levels in mammalian brain, has been shown to suppress apoptosis in neuronal cells and prevent the aggregation of protein caused by heat shock in vitro. However, its role in polyglutamine-mediated cell death and toxicity has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of Hsp105alpha on the aggregation and cell toxicity caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract using a cellular model of SBMA. The transient expression of truncated ARs (tARs) containing an expanded polyglutamine tract caused aggregates to form in COS-7 and SK-N-SH cells and concomitantly apoptosis in the cells with the nuclear aggregates. When Hsp105alpha was overexpressed with tAR97 in the cells, Hsp105alpha was colocalized to aggregates of tAR97, and the aggregation and cell toxicity caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract were markedly reduced. Both beta-sheet and alpha-helix domains, but not the ATPase domain, of Hsp105alpha were necessary to suppress the formation of aggregates in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Hsp105alpha was found to localize in nuclear inclusions formed by ARs containing an expanded polyglutamine tract in tissues of patients and transgenic mice with SBMA. These findings suggest that overexpression of Hsp105alpha suppresses cell death caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract without chaperone activity, and the enhanced expression of the essential domains of Hsp105alpha in brain may provide an effective therapeutic approach for CAG repeat diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobue
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050957:HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
chemical_list: D050957:HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C097205:HSPH1 protein, human; C490783:Hsp105 protein, mouse; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011994:Recombinant Proteins