title: The nature of colitis in chronic granulomatous disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may have gastrointestinal manifestations, commonly colitis. The etiology, prevalence, and inflammatory process of CGD colitis are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the inflammatory process of CGD colitis and to compare it with other inflammatory bowel disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonic mucosal biopsies from 8 CGD patients were immunostained for eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and adhesion molecules (ICAM; VCAM, E-selectin) and compared with normal and diseased controls (allergic colitis, ulcerative colitis, and melanosis coli). Cell types were counted and expressed as cell/mm2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inflammatory infiltrate in CGD colitis differed from the normal controls by an increase in eosinophils (110; 48-176 [median and range] versus 14.5; 3-30; P < 0.005) and macrophages (291.5; 203-480 versus 38.5; 27-64; P < 0.005). There was a paucity of neutrophils compared to ulcerative colitis (10; 0-101 versus 315.5; 78-688; P < 0.005). Expression of HLA-DR was increased in the epithelium and vascular endothelium in CGD compared with normal controls. Patterns of expression of the adhesion molecules differed significantly in CGD from those in other inflammatory bowel diseases: intracellular adhesion molecule-1 was more strongly expressed in the lamina propria, vascular adhesion molecule-1 was more patchily expressed, and E-selectin was present only in the small vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism of inflammation and profile of inflammatory mediators in CGD colitis differs from that in other inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Gastroenterology, dagger Immunology, and double dagger Histopathology, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michela G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schäppi
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: Dyanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rampling
authors.forename: Virpi V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Milla
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003092:Colitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1