title: A novel mutation of the 5alpha-reductase type 2 gene in two unrelated Egyptian children with ambiguous genitalia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an etiological diagnosis in two unrelated Egyptian children with ambiguous genitalia through biochemical and molecular analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two XY patients were referred: one at the age of 14 years presenting with delayed puberty and menarche and the second at the age of 4 months with ambiguous genitalia. Basal and post-HCG stimulation plasma levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were determined. Direct sequencing of the five exons of the 5alphaR type 2 gene and exons 2 to 8 of the androgen receptor gene was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high T/DHT value indicated 5alphaR deficiency in the first patient while the absence of parental consanguinity along with normal T/DHT value in the second patient suggested androgen insensitivity. In both patients, we identified a homozygous A --> G mutation in exon 3 that replaced the asparagine residue at position 160 by an aspartic acid. The parents of both patients were all heterozygotes for the N160D substitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) We report a new mutation that enlarges the spectrum of genetic defects in 5alphaR deficiency. 2) Although the two patients were referred at very different ages, the clinical presentations raise the possibility of phenotypic variability for the same mutation. 3) These reports underline the difficulty of diagnosing 5alphaR deficiency based only on clinical and biochemical grounds. Molecular study remains the only definitive tool for diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia.
authors.affiliation: The National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Inas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mazen
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamdouh
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumbroso
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D013734:Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood; D004534:Egypt; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D013739:Testosterone; D004247:DNA; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase