title: A new technique of combined endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation for variceal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a technique of combined endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation (ESL) in which both techniques of endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) can be optimally used.
  
  
  METHODS
  ESL was performed in 10 patients (age 46.4+/-7.9; 9 males, 1 female) with cirrhosis of liver using sclerotherapy needle and Speedband, Superview multiple band ligater (Boston Scientific, Microvasive, Watertown, MA). A single band was placed 5-10 cm proximal to the gastro-esophageal junction over each varix from proximal to distal margin, followed by intravariceal injection of 1.5 % ethoxysclerol (4 ml each) 2 to 3 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction on the ligated varices distal to deployed band. EVL was then performed at the injection site. Similarly other varices were also injected and ligated from distal to proximally. In the subsequent sessions, ES alone was performed to sclerose small varices at the gastroesophageal junction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESL was successfully performed in all patients. A median of 3 (ESL 1, ES 2) sessions (ranged 1-4) were required to eradicate the varices in 9 (90 %) of 10 patients. Recurrence of varices without bleed was seen in 1 patient during a mean follow-up of 10.3 months (ranged 6-15). Two patients died of liver failure. None died of variceal bleeding. None of the patients had procedure related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESL may be useful in the fast eradication of esophageal varices. However, randomised controlled trials are required to find out its relative efficacy and impact on variceal recurrence in comparison to ES or EVL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India. rkpsdhiman@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Radha K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.forename: Yogesh K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chawla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*