title: Laparoscopic procedures in patients who have previously undergone laparotomic operations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who have undergone laparotomy can undergo laparoscopic procedures and thus benefit from the advantages that the technique offers without significantly increasing the risk of the operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the results of 240 patients, chosen at random who underwent laparoscopic procedures and who had already had 1 or more laparotomic abdominal operations. We carried out 180 cholecystectomies, 12 of which for acute inflammation of the gall bladder, 10 for acute biliary pancreatitis, 3 with exploration of the common bile duct, 45 Nissen fundoplication procedures, of which 16 with removal of the gall bladder, 4 subtotal gastrectomies, 2 GEAs, 2 left colectomies, 4 adhesiolyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of the procedure varied from 40 to 300 minutes, and hospitalization time after the operation from 1 to 15 days, depending on the previous operation and on the laparoscopic procedure used. A traditional operation (conversion) became necessary in 1.35% of patients. Complica-tions arose in 4% of cases: 4 hematomas, 1 infected wound, 2 bile leaks and 2 bowel fistulas at low flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic surgery in pa-tients who have previously undergone abdominal operations is difficult. The extent of conversions and complications can be contained within acceptable limits by choosing carefully the insertion point of the first trocar and dissecting the bowel with great precision.
authors.affiliation: Laparoscopic Center of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballesta Lopez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poves
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bettonica
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Procaccini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corsale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012306:Risk; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000601:surgery