title: Factors associated with toxicity, final dose, and efficacy of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study factors associated with toxicity, final dose, and efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from a randomised clinical 48 week trial on 411 patients with RA all treated with MTX, comparing folates and placebo. Logistic regression was used to study the relation between baseline variables and various dependent factors, including hepatotoxicity (alanine aminotransferase >/=3 x upper limit of normal), MTX withdrawal, final MTX dose >/=15 mg/week, and MTX efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of folates to MTX treatment was strongly related to the lack of hepatotoxicity. Next to this, high body mass index was related to the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. Prior gastrointestinal (GI) events and younger age were related to the adverse event, diarrhoea. Hepatotoxicity and GI adverse events were the main reason for MTX withdrawal, which in turn was associated with the absence of folate supplementation, body mass index, prior GI events, and female sex. Renal function (creatinine clearance >/=50 ml/min) was not associated with toxicity. Reaching a final dose of MTX of >/=15 mg/week was related to folate supplementation and the absence of prior GI events. Efficacy of MTX treatment was associated with low disease activity at baseline, male sex, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and lower creatinine clearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTX toxicity, final dose, and efficacy are influenced by folate supplementation. Baseline characteristics predicting the outcome of MTX treatment are mainly prior GI events, body mass index, sex, use of NSAIDs, and creatinine clearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. mhoekstra@introweb.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van Ede
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Haagsma
authors.forename: M A F J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van de Laar
authors.forename: T W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Huizinga
authors.forename: M W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kruijsen
authors.forename: R F J M
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Laan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D003404:Creatinine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004064:Digestive System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005492:Folic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D008727:Methotrexate