title: Risk factors for diabetes in familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety (FPLD), is an autosomal dominant disorder due to missense mutations in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene encoding nuclear lamina proteins. It is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities and trunk and accumulation of fat in the head and neck region beginning at puberty. Patients with FPLD are predisposed to metabolic complications of insulin resistance such as diabetes. We sought to identify risk factors for diabetes in patients with FPLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study comparing clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric variables and LMNA genotypes in FPLD patients with and without diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 52 women and 24 men with FPLD from 18 different families. Twenty-eight women (54%) but only four men (17%) had diabetes (P < 0.001); therefore further comparisons were mostly limited to women. Compared with women without diabetes, those with diabetes had higher BMI (median values 23 vs. 24 kg/m(2), respectively; P = 0.03), increased chin skinfold thickness (10 vs. 20 mm; P = 0.001), lower rates of nulliparity (60% vs. 28%; P = 0.04), and higher levels of fasting serum triglycerides (2.4 vs. 3.5 mmol/l; P < 0.001) but similar serum leptin levels (3.4 vs. 3.6 ng/ml; P = 0.9). The prevalence of diabetes was not related to age, menopausal status, family history of type 2 diabetes in unaffected relatives, or LMNA genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that increased adiposity as reflected by excess subcutaneous fat accumulation in the chin region and parity may predispose women with FPLD to develop diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Wasim A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Elif Arioglu
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bowcock
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Abhimanyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000235:genetics; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D034904:Lamin Type A; C440308:lamin C