title: Voluntary counselling, HIV testing and sexual behaviour among patients with tuberculosis in a rural district of Malawi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was conducted in new patients registered with tuberculosis (TB) in a rural district of Malawi in order to 1) verify the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 2) describe sexual behaviour and condom use; and 3) identify socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with 'no condom use'.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients diagnosed with TB between January and December 2000 were offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT) and were subsequently interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1,049 new TB patients enrolled in the study. Of these, 1,007 (96%) were pre-test counselled, 955 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 912 (87%) were post-test counselled; 43 (4%) patients refused HIV testing. The overall HIV infection rate was 77%. Of all HIV-positive TB patients, 691 (94%) were put on cotrimoxazole. There were 479 (49%) TB patients who reported sexual encounters, of whom only 6% always used condoms. Unprotected sex was associated with having TB symptoms for over 1 month, having had less than 8 years of school education, being single, divorced or widowed or having sex with the same partner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offering VCT to TB patients in this setting has a high acceptance rate and provides an opportunity to strengthen and integrate TB and HIV programmes.
authors.affiliation: Médecins sans Frontières, Thyolo, Malawi. zachariah@internet.lu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Salaniponi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination