title: Sex differences in carotid endarterectomy outcomes: results from the Ontario Carotid Endarterectomy Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The existing literature provides conflicting evidence on surgical risks of carotid endarterectomy in women compared with men. We used data from a large population-based carotid surgery registry to determine whether sex differences exist in the risk of perioperative complications from carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Ontario Carotid Endarterectomy Registry, which contains data on all patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy in the province of Ontario between 1994 and 1997. We compared the risk of death or stroke at 30 days in women and men and used multivariate analyses to adjust for age, comorbid conditions, and surgical factors. Secondary analyses compared the risks of death and/or stroke in women and men at 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study sample consisted of 6038 patients (35% women). The risks of perioperative stroke or death were not significantly different in women compared with men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.35). The combined risk of stroke or death at 2 years after surgery was also similar in women and men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.21). However, women were more likely to have a stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51) and less likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.99) within 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative complication rates from carotid endarterectomy are similar in women and men. Women should not be discouraged from carotid endarterectomy solely on the basis of surgical risks.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Division of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Women's Health Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. moira.kapral@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Moira K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kapral
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kucey
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.forename: Jack V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome