title: Action of pyrethrum-based formulations against grain weevils.
abstract: Pyrethrum extract, containing six insecticidal esters, has a long history of successful application in the control of stored products. Its low environmental hazard makes it an ideal pesticide for outdoor pre-harvest treatment. However the disadvantage of its low light stability then becomes apparent. This drawback can be overcome by the complexation of pyrethrum extract with gamma-cyclodextrin. Primary object of the conducted studies was to investigate the effect of complexation upon the insecticidal action against the grain weevil, an important storage pest in temperate climates. To slow down the quick metabolism of pyrethrum by the insects' microsomal system synergistic substances are added. Additional to the already well-known piperonyl butoxide two natural synergists, sesamol and tocopherol acetate, were combined with pyrethrum extract to investigate their synergistic activity. A complex of pyrethrum with gamma-cyclodextrin, with piperonyl butoxide as synergist, has a slightly enhanced action compared to a commercial product, which contained pyrethrum in its free form. Sesamol and tocopherol acetate also display a synergistic action, but to a much smaller degree, even if applied in larger amounts. The optimal concentration of pyrethrum was found to be 0.3% combined with 3% piperonyl butoxide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biebel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rametzhofer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klapal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polheim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viernstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D001517:Coleoptera; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D024505:Tocopherols; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D052117:Benzodioxoles; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D007306:Insecticides; D010636:Phenols; D011722:Pyrethrins; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; C025583:sesamol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; C023792:gamma-cyclodextrin; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; D024505:Tocopherols