title: The acute toxicity of gluconic acid, beta-alaninediacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid determined by Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Photobacterium phosphoreum.
abstract: Acute toxicity of four relatively new chelating agents and their equimolar manganese and cadmium complexes was studied. The chelating agents studied were gluconic acid (GA), beta-alaninediacetic acid (ADA), diethylenetriaminepentakismethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP), and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Three common bioassays, namely Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox bioassay) were applied. R. subcapitata proved the most sensitive to these compounds. With D. magna bioassay the LC(50) values were 600-900 mg/L with all other studied chelates and their Mn complexes, except Mn-GA, which yielded LC(50) value of 240 mg/L. The Cd-chelate complexes proved highly more toxic compared to Mn-chelate complexes or uncomplexed chelates exhibiting LC(50) values of 130-200 microg/L. However, Cd-DTPMP was an exception exhibiting LC(50) value of 2170 microg/L. That is to say, DTPMP proved the strongest chelating agent to reduce the Cd toxicity in the present study. The results from these bioassays were well in agreement to each other as well as with the results published elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pirkanniemi
authors.forename: Pasang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhondup
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000633:toxicity; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D005942:Gluconates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C112024:alaninediacetic acid; D015091:beta-Alanine; C042719:diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic) acid; D009571:Nitrilotriacetic Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid; C030691:gluconic acid