title: The effects of varying examiner position on alternating cover test results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the alternate cover test is a widely accepted test of ocular alignment, clinical ambiguity exists with regard to the specific location of the examiner. This study was an attempt to replicate the findings of a previous study that compared two examiner positions and their effect on heterophoria measurement at 40 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven adult subjects (mean age, 24.0 +/- 2.88 years) with normal binocular vision were measured for heterophoria posture using the alternate cover test while the examiner position was varied between midline and offset 30 degrees to the right of patient midline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference between midline and offset position of 1.3delta was found (p < 0.0001). The results show that a greater exophoric measurement was seen when the examiner performed the test in the 30 degrees offset position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 1.3delta difference in measured phoria associated with examiner position is consistent with, though smaller than previously reported. Why the examiner position should influence the phoria is possibly related to proximal awareness or prismatic measurement error. Given the small magnitude of the effect found in this study, its relevance for patients with normal binocular vision is slight, though examiner position may contribute to variability in cover test measures between examiners or on test-retest.
authors.affiliation: Pacific University College of Optometry, Portland, Oregon 97205, USA.
authors.forename: T Eugene
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coffey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D011187:Posture; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology