title: Complete genome sequence of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and obligate chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea.
abstract: Nitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 19718) is a gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Nitrosomonas europaea participates in the biogeochemical N cycle in the process of nitrification. Its genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,812,094 bp. The GC skew analysis indicates that the genome is divided into two unequal replichores. Genes are distributed evenly around the genome, with approximately 47% transcribed from one strand and approximately 53% transcribed from the complementary strand. A total of 2,460 protein-encoding genes emerged from the modeling effort, averaging 1,011 bp in length, with intergenic regions averaging 117 bp. Genes necessary for the catabolism of ammonia, energy and reductant generation, biosynthesis, and CO(2) and NH(3) assimilation were identified. In contrast, genes for catabolism of organic compounds are limited. Genes encoding transporters for inorganic ions were plentiful, whereas genes encoding transporters for organic molecules were scant. Complex repetitive elements constitute ca. 5% of the genome. Among these are 85 predicted insertion sequence elements in eight different families. The strategy of N. europaea to accumulate Fe from the environment involves several classes of Fe receptors with more than 20 genes devoted to these receptors. However, genes for the synthesis of only one siderophore, citrate, were identified in the genome. This genome has provided new insights into the growth and metabolism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chain
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamerdin
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larimer
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Regala
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sayavedra-Soto
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arciero
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hommes
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arp
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009606:Nitrosomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019343:Citric Acid; D000641:Ammonia; D007501:Iron