title: Alcohol, body weight, and weight gain in middle-aged men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is uncertainty as to whether regular alcohol consumption contributes directly to weight gain and the risk of obesity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relation between alcohol intake and body weight and the association between changes in alcohol intake and in body weight over 5 y of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 7608 men aged 40-59 y drawn from general practices in 24 British towns, excluding persons with known diabetes. Five years after screening, 6832 men then aged 45-64 y and without diabetes completed a postal questionnaire on changes in alcohol intake and body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the prevalence of men with a high BMI (>or= 28; top quintile of the BMI distribution) increased significantly from the light-moderate to the very heavy alcohol intake group even after adjustment for potential confounders. Similar patterns were seen for all types and combinations of alcohol. After 5 y of follow-up, stable and new heavy drinkers (including very heavy drinkers of >or= 30 g/d) showed the greatest weight gain and had the highest prevalence rates of high BMI. Weight change patterns in heavy drinkers at baseline who reduced their intake were not significantly different from those in the stable none-occasional group but showed more weight loss and less weight gain than in the stable or new heavy drinkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavy alcohol intake (>or= 30 g/d) contributes directly to weight gain and obesity, irrespective of the type of alcohol consumed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Science, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK. goya@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S Goya
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.forename: A Gerald
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Shaper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*