title: Two week nicotine treatment selectively increases bone vascular constriction in response to norepinephrine.
abstract: This study was designed to determine if nicotine treatment alters the constrictor and/or dilator function of the vessels which regulate blood flow to intact bone. Nicotine (1.7 mg/kg/day) or nicotine-free, phosphate-buffered saline was administered subcutaneously to mature male rats for 2 weeks via osmotic mini-pumps. On the 14th day, the rats were anesthetized and in vivo experiments were performed to quantitate the changes in arterial blood pressure and perfusion of the intact tibia (measured by laser Doppler flowmetry) in response to two constrictor agonists (norepinephrine, NE and arginine vasopressin, AVP) and two vasodilator agents (acetylcholine, ACh and sodium nitroprusside, SNP). Dose-response curves were generated by plotting the change in the bone vascular resistance index (mmHg/bone perfusion units) evoked by each dose of agonist. In addition, bone arteriolar expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein was quantitated by Western blot analysis. Nicotine treatment significantly enhanced the constriction of the bone vasculature in response to NE, but not to AVP. Vascular dilation in response to ACh and SNP was not changed by nicotine. These results indicate that nicotine selectively accentuates the constrictor response of the bone vasculature to exogenous NE. This enhanced constriction to NE is not due to impaired endothelial cell release of nitric oxide or diminished smooth muscle response to nitric oxide. Since NE and AVP activate similar cell signaling mechanisms to induce constriction, the selective enhancement of NE-induced constriction suggests that nicotine alters a mechanism unique to NE signaling; possibly the number or binding affinity of alpha adrenergic receptors. Since endogenous NE regulates basal blood flow to bone, the effect of nicotine to augment NE-induced constriction could lead to a chronic reduction in blood flow to bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 1115A, Health Sciences Center, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: J B A
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Feitelson
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000201:enzymology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009538:Nicotine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine