title: Prevention of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by troglitazone is associated with modulation of ICAM-1 expression on pancreatic islet cells and IFN-gamma expression in splenic T cells.
abstract: Thiazolidinediones acting as PPAR-gamma agonists are a new generation of oral antidiabetics addressing insulin resistance as a main feature of type-2 diabetes. In accordance to our results, pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the thiazolinedione troglitazone prevents the development of insulin-dependent autoimmune type-1 diabetes. To investigate whether TGZ acts by affecting the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway and/or the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in NOD mice, we analysed the IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression on islet-cells and the LFA-1, CD25, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 expression on splenocytes. After 200 days of oral TGZ administration, islet cells from TGZ-treated NOD mice showed a reduced ICAM-1 expression in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. The expression of the ligand LFA-1 on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells was comparable to that of placebo- and untreated controls. Also, the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines was comparable in groups receiving TGZ or Placebo. Nevertheless, the investigated NOD mice segregated into IFN-gamma low- and IFN-gamma high producers as revealed by cluster analysis. Interestingly, the majority of TGZ-treated mice belonged to the cluster of IFN-gamma low producers. Thus, the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by TGZ seems to be associated with suppression of IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression leading to a reduced vulnerability of pancreatic beta-cells during the effector stage of beta-cell destruction. In addition, IFN-gamma production was modulated, implicating that alteration of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance might have contributed to diabetes prevention. The findings of this study suggest that TGZ exerts its effects by influencing both the beta-cells as the target of autoimmune beta-cell destruction and the T-cells as major effectors of the autoimmune process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch" Karlsburg e.V., Greifswalder Str.11e, 17495, Karlsburg, Germany. augstein@mail.uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augstein
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heinke
authors.forename: Gerhild
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wachlin
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hehmke
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salzsieder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D051381:Rats; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077288:Troglitazone
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D016207:Cytokines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D013844:Thiazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000077288:Troglitazone