title: The role of some agricultural practices and fertilizer type on both the incidence of stem borers infestation and corn yield in Egypt.
abstract: Maize, Zea mays, L. is one of the most important field crops in Egypt. It is used mainly for human, animal and poultry feeding. Corn plants are usually attacked by several injourious insect pests at different stages of development. Out of them, the pink stem borer, Sesamia cretica (Led.), the purple lined borer, Chilo agamemnon (Bles.), and the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.); which cause great damage and yield losses. It is profitable to adopt an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling these insect-pests. In this concern, sowing dates, planting spaces, foliar fertilizers (macro and micro-nutrients), mineral and/or biofertilization, were investigated to evaluate their role as tools in the so-called Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program of corn pests. In general, the used planting spaces of 60 and 70 cm apart between furrows insignificantly affected the level of stem borers infestation. It was clearly observed that the sowing dates have a role in the incidence of stem borers infestation throughout the corn growing seasons of 1994 and 1995. Moreover, The biofertilized corn plants were more tolerant to the infestation by the stem borers than the minerally fertilized ones. Application of Polytrin significantly decreased the mean numbers of larvae. The tested nutrients preparations affected to less extent, the infestation levels. Concerning the interaction effect of applied nutrients preparations, used sowing dates and/or fertilizer type on the deduced means of larval numbers, it was revealed that: (i) the application of the nutrients preparations decreased to a great extent the effect of the studied sowing dates on the stem borers infestation; particularly in case of spraying ascorbic acid alone or in sequence with Polymex, coppersulphate & Potasin-F, (ii) the dressing of corn grains with the biofertilizers Phosphorin & Rhizobacterin before sowing, lowered to some extent the levels of infestation by Ch. agamemnon and O. nubilalis, in comparison to the minerally fertilized corn plants, especially in case of spraying Potasin-F, copper sulphate and scorbic acid followed by Polymex for Ch. agamemnon. Spraying Ascorbic acid alone or in sequence with Polymex; Potasin-F followed by Copper sulphate gave promising results for the control of O. nubilalis. In comparison to insecticide treatment, the used foliar nutrients & fertilizer type in both sowing dates gave positive interaction effects in decreasing levels of stem borers infestation and greatly improved the yield and yield characteristics of corn plants. Such agricultural practices enabled corn plants to tackle the going on infestation; thus crop loss due to the attack of the stem borers could be compensated.
authors.affiliation: Saba Pach Faculty of Agricultural, Department of Plant Protection, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mesbah
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: Hanyiat M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: el-Nimr
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Massoud
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abd el-Aziz
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004534:Egypt; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D005308:Fertilizers; D007306:Insecticides; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid