title: Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA seropositivity is associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke in dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis therapy. Aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between a past infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae inducing antibody production and the manifestation of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was designed including 151 dialysis patients with a clinical apparent atherosclerotic disease (case subjects) and 116 dialysis patients without any symptomatic atherosclerotic manifestation (control group). An ELISA was used to measure seropositivity for IgA and IgG titers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated IgA titers against Chlamydia pneumoniae were found in 67% of the case subjects, but only in 29% of the controls (OR 5.34, CI 2.98-9.56). Forty-five patients of the case subjects had a history of myocardial infarction (OR 5.14, CI 2.38-11.09). Prior stroke was found in 30 patients in case subjects (OR 4.37, CI 1.73-11.01). The follow-up after 3 years showed that only 20 patients died from cardiovascular disease in the control group in comparison to 57 patients in the case group (OR 2.51). IgG seropositivity revealed an OR of 1.02 (CI 1.0-2.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that IgA seropositivity is associated with an increased frequency of symptomatic atherosclerotic manifestations. Especially an increased number of patients was found with prior myocardial infarction or stroke when elevated IgA titers were detected. IgA positivity seems to be a separate prospective risk factor in patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis for premature cardiovascular death.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic III, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. sabine.wolf@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vonthein
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schultze
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Risler
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Brehm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A