title: An in vitro comparison of 4 brands of nonlatex orthodontic elastics.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare 4 brands of nonlatex orthodontic elastics with respect to initial force produced and force decay over a 24-hour period. Sample sizes of 12 elastics from American Orthodontics (Sheboygan, Wis), Ortho Organizers (San Marcos, Calif), GAC International (Islandia, NY), and Masel (Bristol, Pa) were used. Equivalent or near-equivalent products were tested: the quarter-in (6.35 mm), 4 or 4.5 oz (113 or 128 g) elastics from each company. An apparatus that repeatedly cycled the elastics to simulate interarch usage with chewing was used to measure force decay over a 24-hour period. Results showed a wide range of initial forces between the brands at an extension of 3 times the marketed internal diameter. The elastics from American Orthodontics, Ortho Organizers, and Masel generated forces statistically below their marketed force levels at 3 times their marketed internal diameter extensions. GAC elastics generated significantly higher forces than marketed at 3 times internal diameter extension. All elastics generated forces below those marketed at 2 times internal diameter. Initial force production was significantly correlated with the measured cross-sectional area of the elastics (P <.01). The force decay patterns of all brands were very similar, but there were significant differences in their abilities to withstand testing. Grouped average percentages of initial force at 4, 8, and 24 hours were 68%, 61%, and 49%, respectively, for the elastics that did not break during testing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kersey
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Giseon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raboud
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004548:Elasticity; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers