title: Pseudoalteromonas phenolica sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium that produces phenolic anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus substances.
abstract: Four strains of aerobic, Gram-negative rods, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, that produced phenolic anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) substances and brown-pigmented colonies, were isolated from sea water. The G + C content of the DNA ranged from 39.9 to 40.6 mol%. The isolates grew at 18-37 degrees C and pH 6.5-9.5 (optimal pH 7.5-9) and in medium containing 1-5% (w/v) NaCl (optimal NaCl concentration 2-3.5%). The isolates grew optimally in medium dissolved in 40-100% artificial sea water. Based on 16S rDNA similarities, the novel strains were closely related to Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, with 96.3 and 95.7% sequence similarity, respectively. However, the strains could be differentiated from P. lutioviolacea by seven traits and from P. piscicida by 10 traits. Analysis of DNA-DNA relatedness to these related species revealed low levels of DNA hybridization (19.6% to P. luteoviolacea and 22.4% to P. piscicida). However, the type strain, O-BC30T, and the other three bacterial isolates showed high DNA relatedness to each other, ranging from 84.8 to 93.7%. Based on the results of phenotypic characterization, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences and DNA-DNA hybridization, it is concluded that these isolates represent a novel species in the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Because the type strain, O-BC30T (=IAM 14989T =KCTC 12086T), produces phenolic anti-MRSA substances, the name proposed for this novel species is Pseudoalteromonas phenolica sp. nov.
authors.affiliation: Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Alim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isnansetyo
authors.affiliation: Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamei
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010636:Phenols; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S