title: Aetiology of hearing loss and other related factors versus language outcome after cochlear implantation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cochlear implantation outcome in prelingually deafened children is highly variable. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the yearly improvements in speech and language scores after cochlear implantation in children, with the aetiology of the hearing loss and other related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the case notes of children with early onset (0-2 years) of hearing loss, who were implanted in their first decade of life between 1992 and 2000 in Great Ormond Street Children Hospital. We assessed the relationship between the improvement of the receptive language and speech scores, on each year after implantation, with the aetiology of hearing loss and with the presence of additional medical problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with a syndromic diagnosis had lower speech and language improvement scores at years 4 and 5 after implantation than children with a hereditary-non syndromic or unknown diagnosis. Vision and vestibular problems were significant negative predictors for speech and language improvement scores. The disability score, i.e. an overall index of additional to the hearing loss problems, had a negative correlation with the speech and language improvement scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a syndromic diagnosis, vision or vestibular problems, and the overall level of additional to the hearing loss problems, may be negative prognostic indicators for speech and language improvement after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Cochlear Implant Programme, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK. rajpuk@gosh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Kaukab
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Doris-Eva
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bamiou
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology