title: Toxicity of a mancozeb containing fungicide formulation and CU-sulphate to chicken embryos after administration as single compounds or in combination.
abstract: Environmental pollution of metal modelled by copper-sulphate and a 80% mancozeb containing fungicide formulation (Dithane M-45) were studied on chicken embryos after administration as a single compounds or in combination. The test materials were injected into the air-chamber in a volume of 0.1 ml/egg on day 12 of incubation. The concentration of copper-sulphate was 0.01%. The applied concentration of Dithane M-45 fungicide formulation was 0.2%. Evaluation was done on day 19 of the hatching period. The combined administration of copper-sulphate and the fungicide formulation did not cause a significant reduction in body weight as compared to the control data and the results from individual toxicity study of the test materials. After the combined administration of copper-sulphate and the fungicide formulation the rate of embryomortality was 40%. The incidence of developmental anomalies were sporadic. Light microscopic findings exhibited a degenerative change in the liver tissue of combined administration group. Activities of GPT and GOT enzymes increased markedly in the combined administration group. In summary, it can be established that the interaction of copper-sulphate and an 80% mancozeb containing fungicide formulation (Dithane M-45) caused higher embryomortality with respect to the test of individual toxicity of copper-sulphate and fungicide in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Toxicology, Institute of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, University of Veszprém, H-8361 Keszthely, P.O. Box 71, Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fejes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Budai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Várnagy
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fáncsi
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008344:Maneb / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D015038:Zineb / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D013723:Teratogens; D008344:Maneb; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D019327:Copper Sulfate; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb