Oxidative stress and endothelial nitric oxide bioactivity.
The endothelium plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Central to this role is the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the constitutively expressed endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Vascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, are characterized by impaired endothelium-derived NO bioactivity that may contribute to clinical cardiovascular events. Growing evidence indicates that impaired endothelium-derived NO bioactivity is due, in part, to excess vascular oxidative stress. This review outlines how different forms of oxidative stress can impact on NO bioactivity and discusses strategies to prevent oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction.
Thomas
Shane R
SR
Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Room W507, Boston, MA 02118, U.S.A.
Chen
Kai
K
Keaney
John F
JF
D000818:Animals; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008954:Models, Biological; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism
D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D010100:Oxygen