title: Arsenic trioxide in comparison with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The best overall treatment strategy for patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) in relapse with chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) based therapy remains undefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical course and treatment outcome of 143 APL cases seen in four major hospitals in Hong Kong over a 10-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete remission (CR) was attained in 113 cases (79%) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy. Relapse occurred at a median of 16 months in 54 cases, with a 3-year disease free survival of 56%. Post-relapse treatment was successful in 41 cases (76%), giving an actuarial 3-year overall survival (OS) of 81% from CR1. Three different protocols were used: chemotherapy alone (n = 19), allogeneic BMT (n = 14) and an As(2)O(3)-based regimen (n = 21). Chemotherapy was associated with the highest treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 53%, giving a CR2 rate of 47%. TRM was 36% for BMT. The CR2 rate for the As(2)O(3)-based regimen was 100%, with no TRM. However, 38% of As(2)O(3) treated patients had subsequent relapses, which were further salvaged in 75% by combined As(2)O(3) plus ATRA. The actuarial OS for the three protocols leveled off by 2 years at 82% for As(2)O(3), 43% for BMT and 23% for chemotherapy (P = 0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that As(2)O(3) may be superior to chemotherapy and BMT for the treatment of APL in relapse.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: A K W
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kwong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide