title: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of paced finger tapping in children.
abstract: Fourteen typically developing children from 7.9-11.3 years in age were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the cerebral loci involved in performance of paced finger tapping by children. Each child performed two bimanual alternating paced finger-tapping tasks. In the first, paced finger tapping was conducted to external 3-Hz pacing provided by a metronome. In the second, the metronome was turned off and finger tapping continued while each child tried to maintain the 3-Hz rhythm by self pacing. Individual and group data were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping techniques that resulted in activation maps for the two tasks. Metronome tapping produced activation of the posterior regions of both superior temporal gyri, both primary sensorimotor cortices, anterodorsomedial cerebellum and supplementary motor area. Self-tapping resulted in recruitment of pre-supplementary motor area and cerebellum in addition to bilateral supplementary motor area and primary sensorimotor cortical activation. Bimanual alternating paced finger tapping performed by children activates a neural network involving primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum. Posterior superior temporal gyrus may be important for encoding auditory information, and presupplementary motor area and midline cerebellum play an important role in self-paced finger tapping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rivkin
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vajapeyam
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: E Kevin
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wolraich
authors.forename: Seung Schik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Deborah P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Waber
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*