title: Aided gait of people with lower-limb amputations: comparison of 4-footed and 2-wheeled walkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypotheses that prosthesis-wearing people with lower-limb amputations, using 2-wheeled walkers (TWW) versus 4-footed walkers (FFW), (1) walk faster, (2) walk with fewer interruptions, (3) walk no less safely, and (4) prefer the TWW.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within-subject comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty prosthesis-wearing people with lower-limb amputations (13 men, 7 women) with a mean age +/- standard deviation of 69+/-13 years. Of the subjects, 11 had unilateral transfemoral amputations, 7 had unilateral transtibial amputations, and 2 had bilateral transtibial amputations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were trained to use both walkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-meter walking velocity, gait pattern, need for spotter intervention, foot position with respect to the base of support of the walker, and subject preference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects walked 28.5% faster when using the TWW (P=.000). During gait cycles, 100% of subjects brought the FFW to a complete halt, whereas only 55%, particularly subjects with transfemoral amputations, halted the TWW (P=.008). There was no difference in the need for spotter intervention. Subjects with unilateral amputations placed their feet significantly more anteriorly within the walker base of support when using an FFW (P=.000). Fourteen subjects preferred the TWW, and 6 chose the FFW (not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TWW allows prosthesis-wearing people with lower-limb amputations, especially those with transtibial amputations, to walk more quickly and with less interruption, but no less safely, than the FFW. The findings have implications for ambulation training and the prescription of ambulation aids.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: H Amy
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: R Lee
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Monette M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000674:Amputees / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012449:Safety; D014853:Walkers; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology