title: Influences of linezolid, penicillin, and clindamycin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a release.
abstract: An in vitro model was used to compare the effects of linezolid, clindamycin, and penicillin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE A) release against virulent group A streptococci (GAS). All regimens exhibited lower (P < 0.05) SPE A release at 1 h than those with penicillin alone. Linezolid and clindamycin, alone or in combination with penicillin, may optimize the treatment of GAS infections by reducing bacterial burden and exotoxin release.
authors.affiliation: Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rybak
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005098:Exotoxins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D010406:Penicillins; C117980:SpeA protein, Streptococcus pyogenes; C027951:erythrogenic toxin; D002981:Clindamycin; D000069349:Linezolid