title: Effect of Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene on obesity in Japanese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a multifactorial syndrome influenced by both genetic and behavioral factors. Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma gene have been reported to be associated with obesity or lipid metabolism in adults. However, the effects of these mutations on children have not yet been clarified. For this reason, we studied the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPARgamma gene on obesity in Japanese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to determine the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPARgamma gene on obesity in children, 105 obese Japanese children were screened by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Plasma lipid, apolipo-protein (apo), glucose, insulin and leptin levels were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese boys with Trp64Arg showed a higher obesity index and lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I and apoA-II than those of them without the mutation. Obese boys with both mutations showed a higher plasma leptin level than those with only the beta3-AR gene mutation or PPARgamma gene mutation. No significant effect of these mutations was found in obese girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of these data suggest that Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-AR gene might affect obesity and HDL metabolism in obese boys. In contrast, C161T mutation of the PPARgamma gene, by itself, is unlikely to influence obesity, lipid metabolism or plasma leptin levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125 Japan.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arashiro
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsuren
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014357:Trypsin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001120:Arginine; D014357:Trypsin