title: Hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its oxidation products by a soil bacterium in pure culture, soil and water.
abstract: A bacterium, identified as Brevibacterium sp. MM1, readily hydrolysed fenamiphos, a widely used organophosphorus insecticide and its toxic oxides (fenamiphos sulfoxide, fenamiphos sulfone), which all contain a common P-O-C bond, in a mineral salts medium. The bacterium also hydrolysed fenamiphos and its oxides in soil and groundwater. Interestingly, fenamiphos phenol, fenamiphos sulfoxide phenol and fenamiphos sulfone phenol, formed during bacterial hydrolysis of fenamiphos and its oxides, persisted in the mineral salts medium, but were transitory in soil and groundwater due to their further metabolism by indigenous micro-organisms. The cell-free preparation (crude enzyme) of this bacterium was very effective in hydrolysing fenamiphos. This is the first report on exceptionally rapid hydrolysis of fenamiphos by a bacterium in pure cultures, soil and groundwater.
authors.affiliation: Remediation of Contaminated Environments Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, PMB 2, SA 5064, Adelaide, Australia. Megharaj.Mallavarapu@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Megharaj
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kookana
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sethunathan
mesh_terms: D001951:Brevibacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012987:Soil; D014867:Water; C002698:fenamiphos