title: Role of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and MMP-dependent matrix degradation in bone destruction by breast cancer metastasis.
abstract: Bone metastasis of breast cancer induces severe osteolysis with increased bone resorption. Osteoclast differentiation regulated by the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts and matrix degradation induced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in the process of bone resorption. When nude mice were inoculated with human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231(MDA-231), numerous osteoclasts resorbed bone and the degradation of the bone matrix markedly progressed in the femur and tibia with metastasis of the MDA-231 tumour. The expression of RANKL, MMP-13 and membrane-type 1-MMP mRNA was markedly elevated in bone with metastasis. When MDA-231 cells were cocultured with mouse calvaria, MDA-231 markedly induced bone resorption measured by calcium release from the calvaria, and the expression of RANKL, MMP-2 and MMP-13 was elevated in the calvaria after the coculture. The separation of MDA-231 from the calvaria using filter insert showed decreased bone resorption, suggesting that cell-to-cell interaction is essential for cancer-induced bone resorption. Adding MDA-231 cells to bone marrow cultures markedly induced osteoclast formation, and the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts was enhanced by contact with the cell surface of MDA-231 cells. These results indicate that RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and MMP-dependent matrix degradation are associated with osteolysis because of bone metastasis of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohshiba
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyaura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology*; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000473:pathology; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases