title: Potassium ferrate [Fe(VI)] does not mediate self-sterilization of a surrogate Mars soil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Martian soil is thought to be enriched with strong oxidants such as peroxides and/or iron in high oxidation states that might destroy biological materials. There is also a high flux of ultraviolet radiation at the surface of Mars. Thus, Mars may be inhospitable to life as we know it on Earth. We examined the hypothesis that if the soil of Mars contains ferrates [Fe(VI)], the strongest of the proposed oxidizing species, and also is exposed to high fluxes of UV radiation, it will be self-sterilizing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under ambient conditions (25 degrees C, oxygen and water present) K2FeO4 mixed into sand mineralized some reactive organic molecules to CO2, while less reactive compounds were not degraded. Dried endospores of Bacillus subtilis incubated in a Mars surrogate soil comprised of dry silica sand containing 20% by weight K2FeO4 and under conditions similar to those now on Mars (extreme desiccation, cold, and a CO2-dominated atmosphere) were resistant to killing by the ferrate-enriched sand. Similar results were observed with permanganate. Spores in oxidant-enriched sand exposed to high fluxes of UV light were protected from the sporocidal activity of the radiation below about 5 mm depths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our data and previously published descriptions of ancient but dormant life forms on Earth, we suggest that if entities resembling bacterial endospores were produced at some point by life forms on Mars, they might still be present and viable, given appropriate germination conditions. Endospores delivered to Mars on spacecraft would possibly survive and potentially compromise life detection experiments.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1052, USA. crawford@uidaho.edu
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paszczynski
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allenbach
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment / Q000737:chemistry; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018535:Mars; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D058085:Iron Compounds; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012987:Soil; C044384:potassium ferrate