title: Trefoil factor-2 is an allergen-induced gene regulated by Th2 cytokines and STAT6 in the lung.
abstract: Asthma, a complex chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder, is on the rise despite intense ongoing research, underscoring the need for new scientific inquiry. In an effort to provide unbiased insight into the pathogenesis of this disease, we took an empirical approach involving transcript expression profiling of lung tissue from mice with experimental asthma. Employing asthma models induced by different allergens (ovalbumin [OVA] and Aspergillus fumigatus), we found strong induction of trefoil factor-2 (TFF2), a gene involved in epithelial restitution and mucosal secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. Using a combination of pharmacologic delivery and transgenic overexpression, TFF2 was demonstrated to be strongly induced in the lung by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. Notably, TFF2 induction by both OVA and pharmacologic delivery of IL-4 and IL-13 was dependent upon signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6. However, the upregulation of TFF2 by both chronic expression of IL-4 and Aspergillus fumigatus antigen was independent of STAT6. These results establish that TFF2 is an allergen-induced lung gene product differentially regulated by Th2 cytokines and STAT6. Given the important role of trefoil factors in wound healing, epithelial restitution, and maintenance of mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, these results support a potential role for TFF2, in both the acute and chronic phase of experimental asthma, via separate induction pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7028 Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolaos M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Nives
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Nina E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Fred D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Finkelman
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rothenberg
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000276:immunology*; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D018793:Interleukin-13; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; C494100:Stat6 protein, mouse; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; C000604008:Tff2 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010047:Ovalbumin