title: Steroid-free liver transplantation using rabbit antithymocyte globulin and early tacrolimus monotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2001, we published early results of a prospective randomized trial of 71 patients who received either steroids or rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We now report follow-up on these patients and additional patients undergoing steroid-free OLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 119 adult OLT recipients were prospectively randomized to receive either methylprednisolone 1,000 mg followed by a 3-month steroid taper or a steroid-free regimen of RATG 1.5 mg/kg during the anhepatic phase followed by a 1.5 mg/kg dose on posttransplant day 1. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in both groups. Mycophenolate mofetil was weaned over 3 months in the first 71 patients and over 2 weeks in the last 48 patients, achieving tacrolimus monotherapy by 2 weeks posttransplant. Subsequently, a group of 24 sequential OLT recipients received the steroid-free (RATG) protocol. Endpoints of the study were survival, rejection, infectious complications, posttransplant diabetes, and recurrent hepatitis C virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-year patient survival was 85% in each group of the prospective randomized trial with a mean follow-up of 18.5 months. One-year graft survival was 82% in the RATG group and 80% in the steroid group (P=not significant). Patient and graft survival of the 24 nonrandomized RATG patients was 96% with a mean follow-up of 3 months. The incidence of rejection was not significantly different; however, 50% of the patients in the steroid group required pulse steroids to reverse the rejection compared with only one patient (1.6%) in the RATG group (P=.03). The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection (P<.05) and posttransplant diabetes was higher in the steroid group (P=.03). There was a trend toward decreased severity of hepatitis C virus in the RATG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid-free liver transplantation using RATG and early tacrolimus monotherapy effectively reduces immunosuppression-related complications with excellent survival.
authors.affiliation: Section of Abdominal Transplantation, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eason
authors.forename: Satheesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ari J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blazek
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Loss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006085:Graft Survival; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus; D008775:Methylprednisolone