title: Centrosome hyperamplification and chromosomal instability in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a common feature of malignant tumors. Centrosome hyperamplification (CH) occurs frequently in human cancers, and may be a contributing factor in CIN. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CH and CIN in bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical samples obtained by transurethral resection from 22 patients with bladder cancer were examined (histological grade G1, 5 cases; G2, 6 cases; G3, 11 cases). CH was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-pericentrin antibody. CIN was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH probes for pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 were hybridized to touch preparations of nuclei from frozen tissues. We also analyzed the centrosome replication cycle of bladder cancer by laser scanning cytometry (LSC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 22 cases examined, 18 (81.8%) had centrosome hyperamplification: CH 0, 4 cases (18.1%); CH I, 5 cases (22.7%); CH II, 5 cases (22.7%); CH III, 8 cases (36.4%). The grade of CH was directly proportional to the histological grade (p=0.03, chi(2) test). LSC analysis showed that the centrosome replication cycle was well regulated in pathologically low-grade bladder cancer, which did not have chromosomal instability. In contrast, we found marked variability of centrosomes in pathologically high-grade bladder cancer, which had chromosomal instability. CH and CIN were both detected in pathologically high-grade tumors. The grade of CH was directly proportional to the CIN grade (p=0.0079, chi(2) test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that CH may be involved in CIN in bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada, 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan. kawamura@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujikawa-Yamamoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D018385:Centrosome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; C086178:pericentrin