title: Are epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor responsible for pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with granular cell tumors?
abstract: Granular cell tumors (GCT) are uncommon benign neoplasms that have a predilection for the head and neck region. These tumors can frequently be associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which in turn may be mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma. Although epidermal growth factors are overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, their presence in PEH, especially its relation to GCT, is unknown. We hypothesize that the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) in GCT have a role in the development of PEH overlying some GCT. Sections from 13 cases of GCT (five with overlying PEH) were examined histologically and evaluated immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for EGFR, EGF, and TGFalpha. These were compared with nine cases of PEH independent of GCT. Two of five GCT with overlying PEH and two of six GCT without overlying PEH stained positively for TGFalpha. None of the GCT stained with EGFR or EGF. All cases of PEH, whether or not associated with GCT, were reactive for EGFR and EGF. Four of the five cases of PEH overlying GCT stained with TGFalpha. The staining pattern and intensity of all three antibodies were comparable to that of the adjacent normal squamous mucosa. Among the three antibodies, only TGFalpha in GCT appears to be related to the development of PEH. Epidermal growth factor receptor and EGF do not seem to be directly involved. The reason of PEH formation associated with GCT in the absence of growth factors is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Güliz Akdas
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barkan
authors.forename: Augusto F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Paulino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016586:Granular Cell Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors