title: Pre-operative sonographic diagnosis of incarcerated neonatal Spigelian hernia containing the testis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spigelian hernia (SH) is a ventral hernia that occurs along the semilunar line formed by the fibrous union of the rectus sheath and the anterior abdominal wall muscles, usually containing small bowel segments, omental fat or both. Spigelian hernias are rare in adults and exceedingly rare in children. A few case reports describing SH in the paediatric population have been published and an association with cryptorchidism has been very rarely reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report three examples of SH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe three examples of SH containing incarcerated testis in two neonates. These were diagnosed preoperatively with US. Ultrasound-guided reduction of the hernia contents was performed successfully in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of these hernias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Ultrasound, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Hagit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.forename: Arye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blachar
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben-Sira
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013737:Testis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color