Evaluation of the local analgesic effect of ketamine in the palmar digital nerve block at the base of the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in horses.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the local analgesic effect of ketamine in a palmar digital nerve block at the base of the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in horses.


METHODS
36 mature healthy Andalusian horses.


METHODS
Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 9 horses each and received an abaxial sesamoid block in a randomly chosen forelimb with 1 of the following: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 1% ketamine solution, 2% ketamine solution, or 3% ketamine solution. To determine analgesia, the radiant heat lamp-hoof withdrawal model was used as a noxious thermal stimulus. Before each nerve block, baseline hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL, time between lamp illumination and withdrawal of the hoof) was determined; after the nerve block, local analgesic effects were determined by measuring HWRL at 2 and 5 minutes after injection and then every 5 minutes for a total period of 1 hour.


RESULTS
Significant differences in HWRL were found between baseline values and values at 2 to 15 minutes following a nerve block with ketamine. Significant differences were found between HWRL values at every time point from 2 to 10 minutes following a nerve block with saline solution, compared with 1 or 2% ketamine solution. Similarly, significant differences were found between HWRL values at every time point from 2 to 15 minutes following a nerve block with saline solution, compared with 3% ketamine solution.


CONCLUSIONS
Abaxial sesamoid block with ketamine ensures adequate analgesia in horses with an onset of action of 2 minutes and a maximal duration of action of 15 minutes.
López-Sanromán
F Javier
FJ
Departamento de Patología Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Cruz
Jorge M
JM
Santos
Martín
M
Mazzini
Rubén A
RA
Tabanera
Agustin
A
Tendillo
Francisco J
FJ
D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation*; D006736:Horses; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000662:veterinary*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation*; D013997:Time Factors
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D007649:Ketamine