title: Adherence to prescribed treatment for asthma: evidence from pharmacy benefits data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Failure to use asthma controller medications as prescribed is associated with more asthma-related adverse events. Medication utilization may vary with ease of drug administration, efficacy, and tolerability as well as other factors. We hypothesized that in usual-care clinical practice settings, there would be greater adherence to oral controller than to inhaled controller asthma medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared adherence to newly initiated asthma controller therapy among patients initiating monotherapy with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), or inhaled long-acting beta-agonists (ILBA) from March 1998 to July 1999. We measured adherence as the sum of drug supply days between first and last fill dates divided by length of drug therapy. Analyses were stratified by the number of short-acting beta-agonists (SBA) prescriptions per year to control for disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacy claims data from 48,751 subjects (6 to 55 years) were analyzed (mean age 30.4 years; 56% female). Mean adherence to new start monotherapy on LTRA was 67.7%, to ICS was 33.8%, and to ILBA was 40.0%. Adherence to all three controller agents increased with increasing SBA use. The percent of patients persistent to asthma controller monotherapy at both 6 and 9 months was significantly greater among those on LTRA monotherapy than on either ICS or ILBA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practice settings, patients initiating LTRA monotherapy have about twice the adherence as patients initiating ICS or ILBA monotherapy. Because adherence to treatment is a critical component of treatment response, it is important to consider this factor in the prescription of oral vs. inhaled asthma medications.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Santanello
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Boccuzzi
authors.forename: Jenifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wogen
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strub
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nelsen
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists