title: Optokinetic drum tilt hastens the onset of vection-induced motion sickness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Under optokinetic drum conditions, a stationary participant views the patterned interior of a rotating drum. Quickly, most participants perceive illusory self-rotation in the direction opposite to the drum's true rotation (vection). It has been documented that up to 60% of participants experience motion sickness-like symptoms under optokinetic conditions perhaps because of conflicting sensory information from the visual and vestibular systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Keeping rotation speed constant (10 RPM), drum tilt relative to the axis of rotation was systematically manipulated (0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees), producing a wobble effect. Overall well-being and eight motion sickness symptoms were assessed every 2 min using subjective scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported 1) a complex type of circular vection that included a "wobble" or "sway" component and 2) a quicker onset of motion sickness-like symptoms as tilt increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a tilted drum, the vestibular system correctly indicates that the participant is stationary while the visual system indicates a complex type of self-rotation. This type of sensory conflict is more severe than what takes place under typical optokinetic drum conditions (no tilt). Results suggest that as visual/vestibular sensory conflict increases, so does the speed at which motion sickness symptoms occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Saint Peter's College, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA. bubka_a@spc.edu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bubka
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonato
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012399:Rotation; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields