title: Twenty-four-hour plasma tryptophan concentrations and ratios are below normal in obese subjects and are not normalized by substantial weight reduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma tryptophan concentrations and the ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids (plasma tryptophan ratio) are reportedly low in obese subjects. The plasma tryptophan ratio predicts brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin production. If this ratio is low in obese subjects, serotonin function may also be low. Plasma tryptophan concentrations and ratios have been measured only at single time points in obese subjects; it is not known whether low values for these 2 variables persist throughout a 24-h period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine whether plasma tryptophan concentrations and ratios in obese subjects are lower than those in normal-weight subjects throughout a 24-h period and whether they increase when body weight is reduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma tryptophan concentrations and ratios were examined in obese subjects before and after weight loss and in nonobese control subjects. Blood samples were drawn frequently throughout the 24-h period. An insulin tolerance test was also used to determine whether weight loss altered the ability of insulin to modify plasma concentrations of tryptophan and of the other large neutral amino acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma tryptophan concentrations and ratios in obese subjects were low at all times; these effects persisted after weight reduction. Plasma concentrations of all the large neutral amino acids decreased during insulin infusion in all the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low 24-h plasma tryptophan ratios in obese and formerly obese subjects suggest that brain tryptophan uptake may be continuously diminished and may remain below normal despite weight reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, HS Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark. rklbr@ra.dk
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breum
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Jannik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilsted
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernstrom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007328:Insulin; D012701:Serotonin; D014364:Tryptophan