title: Retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery of renal tumor using a microwave tissue coagulator without renal ischemia: comparison with open procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is ideal to use not a transperitoneal but a retroperitoneal approach for both open and endoscopic partial nephrectomy. We compared the results of retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for small renal tumors using a microwave tissue coagulator without renal pedicle clamping with those of a retroperitoneal open procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2002, eight patients with small renal tumors underwent retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy without renal ischemia, and nine patients with small renal tumors underwent open partial nephrectomy via a retroperitoneal approach. Both groups were operated on using a microwave tissue coagulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy without renal ischemia was performed without any major or minor complications in any patient. The mean operation time for retroperitoneoscopic surgery was significantly longer than that for open partial nephrectomy (221.9 minutes v 145.9 minutes; P = 0.0004). However, the mean estimated blood loss for retroperitoneoscopic surgery was less than that for open partial nephrectomy (137.5 mL v 334.8 mL; P = 0.012). In addition, the retroperitoneoscopic group seemed to recover more rapidly than the open surgery group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic nephron-sparing surgery of small renal tumors using a microwave tissue coagulator without renal ischemia is feasible as minimally invasive procedure. It results in saving renal function, minimal blood loss, and rapid recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan. yfuruya@res.yamanashi-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takihana
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018207:Angiomyolipoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012079:Renal Circulation; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional