title: Clinical value of the Beery visual-motor integration supplemental tests of visual perception and motor coordination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children may perform poorly on a test of visual-motor integration due to deficits in one or more of the following: visual analysis/visual spatial ability, motor coordination, visual conceptualization, or visual-motor integration. The VMI Supplemental Developmental Test of Visual Perception (VP) and VMI Supplemental Developmental Test of Motor Coordination (MC) were developed to help differentiate between such difficulties after administration of the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI). However, the clinical value of the VMI supplemental tests has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The VMI, VP, and MC were administered to 193 children (mean age = 8.77 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple linear regression revealed that the supplemental tests were significantly related to the VMI (VP: beta = 0.212 +/- 0.044, p < 0.001; MC: beta = 0.422 +/- 0.299, p < 0.001) but explained only 36.2% of the variance in the VMI. Poor performance was defined as a score >1 SD below the mean for study population norms and below the 16th percentile for published norms. Using study population norms, 35 children did poorly on the VMI, 20% of whom scored poorly on VP, 14.3% of whom scored poorly on MC, 17.1% of whom scored poorly on both supplemental tests, and 48.6% of whom scored within normal on both supplemental tests. Using the published norms, 40 children scored poorly on the VMI. Twenty-eight children scored poorly on VP, 39% of whom scored within normal on the VMI. Fifty-six children scored poorly on MC, 54% of whom scored within normal on the VMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant amount of variance in performance on the VMI that was not explained by performance on the tests of VP or MC alone. Each area should be individually assessed during the visual perceptual examination of children, regardless of performance on the VMI. Even children who perform within normal limits on the VMI may show a deficit in VP or MC.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus 43218-2343, USA. kulp.6@osu.edu
authors.forename: Marjean Taylor
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kulp
authors.forename: Jennifer Mazzola
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sortor
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*