title: [Testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia in children].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leydig cell hyperplasia (LCH) of the testis is rarely described in children. The authors report a case of incidental discovery of LCH on ultrasound examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report the case of a 9-year-old boy presenting with isolated and painless increased volume of the left testis, with no clinically palpable mass. Scrotal ultrasound revealed an echogenic mass, 12 mm in diameter, with a solid appearance and several hypoechoic areas, without calcification, situated in the lower pole of the testis. Tumour markers and gonadotropin axis hormonal assessment were normal. On surgical exploration, the testis had a macroscopically normal appearance; opening of the tunica albuginea revealed the lesion and enucleation was performed. Histological examination confirmed the presence of LCH, 5 mm in diameter. The postoperative course was uneventful. Physical examination and scrotal ultrasound have remained normal with a follow-up of two years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recall the characteristics of LCH, which usually presents, in children, in the form of signs of precocious puberty or more rarely by gynaecomastia. The lesion is rarely palpable. Scrotal ultrasound reveals a homogeneous mass with several hypoechoic nodules. An endocrine assessment must always be performed (frequent elevation of LH). Surgery should be as conservative as possible (enucleation-resection). Histological diagnosis may be difficult.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique Générale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble. CPiolat@chu-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piolat
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dyon
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chavanis
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacquier
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasquier
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
vernacular_title: Hyperplasie à cellules de Leydig du testicule chez l'enfant.