title: Economical multi-site intradermal regimen with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (Rabipur) prevents rabies in people bitten by confirmed rabid animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of a cost-effective multi-site intradermal regimen with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV, Rabipur) in preventing rabies in people bitten by confirmed rabid dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two people of different age groups who were severely bitten by confirmed rabid dogs were immunized with PCECV using the WHO recommended multi-site intradermal regimen of 0.1 mL of vaccine at eight sites on day 0, at four sites on day 7, and at one site each on days 28 and 90. In addition, passive immunization with human or equine rabies immunoglobulin was administered to 22 of these people before administering vaccine. They were followed for up to 3 years with periodic estimation of neutralizing antibody levels in their serum by mouse neutralization test (MNT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an excellent immune response with more than protective titers (>0.5 IU/mL) on all days tested up to the end of the 3-year observation period. More significantly, protective titers were seen in all subjects by day 7. Only minimal side effects were observed. All the patients were doing well at the end of the 3-year observation period, which is generally considered to be the maximum incubation period for rabies in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that this multi-site regimen with or without passive immunization has prevented the development of rabies encephalitis in these people bitten by confirmed rabid dogs. This should encourage more such studies, so that this cost-effective economical regimen with safe and potent cell culture vaccines can replace highly reactogenic neural tissue-derived Semple vaccine in developing countries such as India.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore, India. mshampur@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Madhusudana
authors.forename: N Prem
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Ranjini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamsundar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007194:India; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011818:Rabies / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011819:Rabies Vaccines