title: Intra-articular ganglion cysts of the cruciate ligaments: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A ganglion can arise as a cystic lesion from a tendon sheath or a joint capsule and contain a glassy, clear, and jelly-like fluid. They can occur within muscles, menisci, and tendons. Intra-articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint are rare. We report on three ganglion cysts of the cruciate ligaments: Two were intercruciate, and one was located around the posterior cruciate ligament.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical diagnosis was established using magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were treated successfully using arthroscopic debridement by basket punch and shaver. Subsequent histological examination confirmed the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three patients were asymptomatic at the postoperative follow-up of 16-36 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of the literature reveals a controversial discussion about the clinical significance as well as the etiology of ganglion cysts arising from the cruciate ligaments. These case reports show that an intra-articular ganglion cyst of the cruciate ligaments is difficult to diagnose. A cyst does not necessarily have to be associated with specific clinical symptoms or a previous trauma. Preoperatively, MRI is essential when diagnosing ganglion cysts of the knee joint. An intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee joint can be successfully treated by arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Michaelisstr 1, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Thore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zantop
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassenpflug
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013581:Synovial Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome