title: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression varies with age and nutrition status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, and it is a popular internal standard for northern blot analysis. We examined GAPDH expression early in life when feed is either provided or not provided to animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male broiler chickens were provided a standard starter diet plus Oasis nutritional supplement (fed group; Novus International, St. Louis, MO, USA) or no feed (starved group) for the first 3 d posthatch. Subsequently, the standard starter diet was provided to all chickens between 3 and 7 d posthatch. RNA was extracted from the pectoralis thoracicus, and GAPDH expression was evaluated with quantitative northern analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GAPDH expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fed than in the starved group at 3 d posthatch, suggesting that nutritional manipulations can alter GAPDH transcription. Similarly, GAPDH mRNA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 7 d posthatch compared with all younger animals, suggesting that GAPDH is developmentally upregulated with advancing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GAPDH expression changes with age and nutrition status in the early posthatch chick, suggesting that GAPDH is not a proper internal standard for muscle studies using quantitative northern analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA. pemozdzi@unity.ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Mozdziak
authors.forename: Julia J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dibner
authors.forename: Darell W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McCoy
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005508:Food Deprivation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases