The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.
Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
Brown
Kirk Warren
KW
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627-0266, USA. kirk@psych.rochester.edu
Ryan
Richard M
RM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D003071:Cognition; D003243:Consciousness; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011582:Psychological Theory; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology