title: Detection of undiagnosed diabetes and other hyperglycemia states: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate screening strategies based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), clinical information, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for detection of diabetes or other hyperglycemic states-impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance-meriting clinical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 8,286 African-American and white men and women without known diabetes, aged 53-75 years, who received an OGTT during the fourth exam of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Using a split sample technique, we estimated the diagnostic properties of various clinical detection rules derived from logistic regression modeling. Screening strategies utilizing FPG, these detection rules, and/or the OGTT were then compared in terms of both the fraction of hyperglycemia cases detected and the sample fraction receiving different screening tests and identified as screen positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening based on the IFG cut point (> or =6.1 mmol/l), followed by a clinical detection rule for those below this value, detected 86.3% of diabetic case subjects and 66.0% of all hyperglycemia cases, identifying 42% of the sample as screen positive. Applying an OGTT for those positive by the rule provides diagnostic labeling and reduces the fraction that is screen positive to 29%. Another strategy, to apply an OGTT to those with an FPG cut point between 5.6 and 6.1 mmol/l, also identifies 29% of the sample as screen positive, although it detects slightly fewer hyperglycemia cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening strategies based on FPG, complemented by clinical detection rules and/or an OGTT, are effective and practical in the detection of hyperglycemic states meriting clinical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pankow
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D044469:Racial Groups; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose