title: Effects of bisphenol A on antigen-specific antibody production, proliferative responses of lymphoid cells, and TH1 and TH2 immune responses in mice.
abstract: 1. We investigated the effect of bisphenol A (BPA), which binds estrogen receptors, on immune responses including production of antigen-specific antibodies, proliferative responses of lymphoid cells, and Th1 and Th2 responses. 2. For this investigation, mice were p.o. given varying doses including 3, 30, 300, and 3000 micro g kg(-1) of BPA immediately after immunization with hen egg lysozyme (HEL) (day 0) and then daily by day 20. On day 21, anti-HEL IgG antibodies in sera and proliferative responses of spleen cells to the antigen were measured. Anti-HEL IgG2a antibodies and IFN-gamma secreted from splenic lymphocytes were also measured as indicators of Th1 immune responses, while anti-HEL IgG1 antibodies and IL-4, as those of Th2 responses. 3. The results showed that treatment with 3000 micro g kg(-1) of BPA was followed by a significant increase in anti-HEL IgG as well as the antigen-specific cell proliferation. Anti-HEL IgG2a production and IFN-gamma secretion were significantly enhanced in mice treated with 300 and 30 micro g kg(-1) of BPA, respectively, while anti-HEL IgG1 production and IL-4 secretion were augmented in animals given 3000 and 300 micro g kg(-1) of the chemical, respectively. 4. Augmentation of these immune responses was also observed in mice exposed to 0.3-30 micro g kg(-1) of estradiol, although Th1 responses appeared to be more sensitive to the sex hormone than Th2 responses. 5. These results suggest that BPA may play a role in augmenting immune responses, especially Th1 responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan. yoshino@kobepharma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Kouya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010636:Phenols / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001896:Boron Compounds; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010636:Phenols; D010649:Phenylalanine; C436045:4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds