title: Inherited thrombophilias are not increased in "idiopathic" small-for-gestational-age pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine (1). whether the inherited thrombophilias (the factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [C677T] polymorphism) are increased in women with "idiopathic" (normotensive) small-for-gestational-age pregnancies and/or in their babies and (2). whether fetal carriage of a thrombophilia is associated with abnormal umbilical Doppler studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-controlled study of normotensive women who were delivered of a singleton small-for-gestational-age baby (birth weight, <10th percentile adjusted for sex) with no clinical evidence of chromosomal or congenital abnormality. Control subjects were healthy women who were delivered of appropriate-for-gestational-age babies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-five women with small-for-gestational-age pregnancies and 290 control subjects were recruited. Small-for-gestational-age babies were born at an earlier gestational age (38 +/- 3.0 weeks) and with a lower birth weight (2373 +/- 521 g) than control babies (39.7 +/- 1.3 weeks and 3606 +/- 423 g, P <.01). There were no differences in the rates of factor V Leiden (2.8% vs 3.8%; relative risk, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.34-1.85), prothrombin gene mutation (2.8% vs 3.1%; relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.40-2.09), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism (13% vs 9%; relative risk, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.87-1.84) between mothers with small-for-gestational-age babies and control subjects, respectively. Inherited thrombophilias were not increased in small-for-gestational-age babies compared with control babies. Of small-for-gestational-age babies with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies (n = 25), 21% had a thrombophilia compared with 11% with normal umbilical artery Doppler studies (n = 68; relative risk, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.81-3.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates of these inherited thrombophilias are not increased in normotensive women with small-for-gestational-age pregnancies. Further studies are required to determine whether thrombophilias are increased in small-for-gestational-age babies with abnormal umbilical Doppler study results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Lesley M E
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McCowan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craigie
authors.forename: Rennae S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLintock
authors.forename: Robyn A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: North
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D009154:Mutation; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics; D012016:Reference Values; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)