title: Progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock: a new variant of vanishing bile duct disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present nine patients with progressive sclerosing cholangitis after septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  All nine patients had previously required long term treatment in an intensive care unit for septic shock: two patients with polytrauma, five with burn injury, and two with extensive surgery. They were admitted to our hospital because of cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed severe intrahepatic stenoses in all patients and liver biopsies showed typical signs of sclerosing cholangitis. No patient had pre-existing liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow up time was 35 months. In patients with major bile duct stenoses (3/9), 12 endoscopic dilations were performed in total. In one patient, concrements were extracted and intermittent stenting was necessary. To date, 4/9 patients have rapidly developed liver cirrhosis. During follow up, 5/9 patients died: two after fulminant cholangitis, one after liver failure, one due to liver transplantation associated problems, and one after cerebral ischaemia. One patient has been registered for transplantation and the remaining three patients show no acute signs of liver failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with sclerosing cholangitis, following septic shock, represent a new variant of vanishing bile duct disorders. In such patients liver disease rapidly progresses to cirrhosis. Endoscopic treatment may only transiently improve the course of the disease. Orthotopic liver transplantation is indicated in end stage disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Sigrid_Engler@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elsing
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flechtenmacher
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Theilmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stremmel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stiehl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome