title: High social desirability and prefrontal cortical activity in cancer patients: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social desirability is sometimes associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Psycho-neuro-immune interaction has been hypothesized as an underlying mechanism of the negative clinical outcome. Purpose of this study was to examine possible effects of high social desirability on the regional brain activity in patients with malignant diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain metabolism of 16 patients with various malignant diseases was measured by PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Patients were divided into 2 groups using median split on Marlowe & Crown's Social Desirability Scale (MC), controlling for age, gender, and for severity of depression and anxiety, the possible two major influential factors. A group comparison of the regional cerebral activity was calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subgroup comparison showed that the high social desirability was associated with relatively increased metabolism in the cortical regions in the prefrontal, temporal and occipital lobes as well as in the anterior cingulate gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High social desirability seems to be associated with increased activity in the prefrontal and other cortical areas. The finding is in an accordance with previous studies that demonstrated an association between prefrontal damage and anti-social behavior. Functional neuroimaging seems to be useful not only for psychiatric evaluation of major factors such as depression and anxiety but also for further psychosocial factors in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Freimut D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Juengling
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Hidetada
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Egbert U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Nitzsche
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D012928:Social Desirability; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18