Novel kidney cancer immunotherapy based on the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and carbonic anhydrase IX fusion gene.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the ability of the fusion protein granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and carbonic anhydrase IX (GMCA-9)(1) to induce an immune response in vitro and in vivo for the development of a GMCA-9-based kidney cancer vaccine.


METHODS
Human dendritic cells (DCs) were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus containing the GMCA-9 gene and tested for their capacity to induce CA9-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. Tumor growth was studied in severe compromised immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice s.c. injected with R11-GMCA-9, a human renal cell carcinoma cell line stably transfected with the GMCA-9 gene. Involvement of natural killer (NK) cells in the antitumor activity of GMCA-9 was determined in SCID mice treated with the NK-blocking agent anti-asialoGM-1.


RESULTS
DC and R11 cells transduced with GMCA-9 produced a GMCA-9 protein that is targeted to the cell membrane and partially processed to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and CA9-like products. Furthermore, GMCA-9 was capable of inducing DC maturation, as well as CA9-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro. Tumor growth of R11 cells in SCID mice was significantly inhibited after transfection with the GMCA-9 fusion gene (P < 0.01). In mice treated with anti-asialoGM-1, R11-GMCA-9 tumors grew significantly faster than those of control mice (P < 0.05), suggesting an involvement of NK cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the fusion protein GMCA-9 is capable of generating an immune response both in vitro and in vivo. Additional studies will confirm the utility of ex vivo GMCA-9-transduced DCs as a kidney cancer vaccine.
Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
José M
JM
Hernández
Matthew H T
MH
Bui
Ken-Ryu
KR
Han
Hideki
H
Mukouyama
Danielo G
DG
Freitas
David
D
Nguyen
Randy
R
Caliliw
Peter I
PI
Shintaku
Sun H
SH
Paik
Cho-Lea
CL
Tso
Robert A
RA
Figlin
Arie S
AS
Belldegrun
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000235:genetics*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases