[Chronic obstructive lung disease. Systemic manifestations].
Chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD) are a complex disease state which not rarely can be associated with significant systemic manifestations. These alterations, though recognized since long time, are currently under extensive research, due to the increasing appreciation of their relevant negative role in the prognosis and health-related quality of life (Hr-QoL) of the COPD patients. The most clinically important are the decrease in body weight with loss of skeletal muscle mass (cachexia), osteoporosis, hypercapnia-induced peripheral edema, neuro-psychiatric disorders, such as oxygen-related cognitive impairment and depression, excessive polycytaemia and sleep disorders. Chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic hypoxia are believed as the main factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic effects seen in COPD. Their adequate control with nutritional support, change of life-style and targeted pharmacological treatment is able to improve the prognosis and Hr-QoL among these COPD patients.
Grassi
Vittorio
V
Cattedra di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, I Medicina, Spedali Civili, Università degli Studi di Brescia. grassi@med.unibs.it
Carminati
Luisa
L
Cossi
Stefania
S
Marengoni
Alessandra
A
Tantucci
Claudio
C
D000368:Aged; D002100:Cachexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012106:Research; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D013577:Syndrome