Biotransformation of limonene by bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and plants.
The past 5 years have seen significant progress in the field of limonene biotransformation, especially with regard to the regiospecificity of microbial biocatalysts. Whereas earlier only regiospecific biocatalysts for the 1,2 position (limonene-1,2-diol) and the 8-position (alpha-terpineol) were available, recent reports describe microbial biocatalysts specifically hydroxylating the 3-position (isopiperitenol), 6-position (carveol and carvone), and 7-position (perillyl alcohol, perillylaaldehyde, and perillic acid). The present review also includes the considerable progress made in the characterization of plant P-450 limonene hydroxylases and the cloning of the encoding genes.
Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Hönggerberg, HPT, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. duetz@enzyscreen.com
W A
WA
Duetz
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H
Bouwmeester
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JB
van Beilen
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B
Witholt
D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077222:Limonene; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene