The phospholipase C-IP3 pathway is involved in muscarinic antinociception.
The cellular events involved in muscarinic analgesia were investigated in the mouse hot-plate test. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with antisense oligonucleotides (aODNs) against the alpha subunit of G(q) and G(11) proteins prevented the analgesia induced by physostigmine and oxotremorine. Furthermore, administration of the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122, as well as the injection of an aODN complementary to the sequence of PLCbeta(1), antagonized the increase of the pain threshold induced by both cholinomimetic drugs. In mice undergoing treatment with LiCl, which impairs phosphatidylinositol synthesis, or treatment with heparin, an IP(3) receptor antagonist, the antinociception induced by physostigmine and oxotremorine was dose-dependently antagonized. I.c.v. pretreatment with TMB-8, a blocker of Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, prevented the increase of pain threshold induced by the investigated cholinomimetic drugs. Coadministration of Ca(2+) restored the muscarinic analgesia in LiCl, heparin, and TMB-8-preatreated mice. On the other hand, i.c.v. pretreatment with the selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C, resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of physostigmine- and oxotremorine-induced antinociception. The administration of PKC activators, such as PMA and PDBu, dose dependently prevented the cholinomimetic drug-induced increase of pain threshold. Neither aODNs nor pharmacological treatments employed produced any behavioral impairment of mice as revealed by the rota-rod and hole-board tests. These results indicate a role for the PLC-IP(3) pathway in central muscarinic analgesia in mice. Furthermore, activation of PKC by cholinomimetic drugs may represent a pathway of negative modulation of muscarinic antinociception.
Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-10539 Florence, Italy.
Nicoletta
N
Galeotti
Alessandro
A
Bartolini
Carla
C
Ghelardini
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D000700:Analgesics; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D004963:Estrenes; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D010830:Physostigmine; D010738:Type C Phospholipases