Electrical impedance scanning-application of this new technique for lymph node evaluation in children.
BACKGROUND
Precise assessment of lymph nodes is crucial to the choice of therapy and prediction of outcome in cases of malignancy. Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) is being experimentally investigated for potential use as a diagnostic tool for differentiation of malignant lesions. Malignancies show different electrical properties with changes in conductivity and capacitance that can be analysed by EIS. Using a TransScan TS-2000 (TransScan Medical, Migdal Ha'Emek, Israel, distributed by Siemens-Elema AB, Solna, Sweden), EIS has been used in various studies for the identification of breast cancer as well as for characterisation of superficial lesions.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the reliability of EIS for classifying lymph nodes in a pediatric population with sonographically suspicious lesions and to prove its accuracy.


METHODS
The study population consisted of 77 children (42 boys, 35 girls) aged 1.1-17.1 years. All EIS results were compared to either histopathological findings or long-term follow-up investigations.


RESULTS
Sensitivity for malignancies using EIS was 75% and specificity was 87%. The negative predictive value was 93% and the positive predictive value was 60%.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests the potential usefulness of EIS as an additional imaging modality for the differentiation of lymph-node diseases in children. The histopathological spectrum of malignant lymph node transformation in children compared to studies in adults, and the characteristic meltdown in inflammatory or granulomatous transformed nodes, pose challenges to differentiation based on sonographic evaluation, and also to EIS classification.
Mentzel
Hans-Joachim
HJ
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18, 07740 Jena, Germany. hans-joachim.mentzel@med.uni-jena.de
Malich
Ansgar
A
Kentouche
Karim
K
Freesmeyer
Martin
M
Böttcher
Joachim
J
Schneider
Gerlind
G
Gruhn
Bernd
B
Vogt
Susanna
S
Zintl
Felix
F
Anderson
Roselle
R
Kaiser
Werner A
WA
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity