Functional characterization of the human resistin promoter with adipocyte determination- and differentiation-dependent factor 1/sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-alpha.
Recent studies with murine models propose that resistin would be a possible mediator to link between obesity and insulin resistance. Although it has been reported that resistin is highly expressed and secreted by adipocytes, transcription factors that are involved in resistin gene expression have not been well characterized. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistin gene expression, we cloned and characterized the human resistin promoter. Sequence analysis of the resistin promoter revealed several putative binding sites for adipogenic transcription factors including adipocyte determination- and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1)/sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBP alpha). EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that ADD1/SREBP1c binds to the human resistin promoter in vitro and in vivo. Expression of ADD1/SREBP1c transactivated the luciferase reporter gene activity, the promoter region of which contains a human resistin promoter in a sterol regulatory element (SRE)-dependent manner. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ADD1/SREBP1c by adenovirus significantly increased the expression of resistin mRNA in adipocytes. Human resistin promoter was also activated by C/EBP alpha expression, although ectopic expression of both transcription factors did not show any synergistic effects on the activation of resistin promoter. Together, these data suggest that ADD1/SREBP1c and C/EBP alpha may play discrete roles in the regulation of the resistin gene expression.
Seo
Jong Bae
JB
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-70, San 56-1, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
Noh
Mun Ju
MJ
Yoo
Eung Jae
EJ
Park
So Yun
SY
Park
Jiyoung
J
Lee
In Kyu
IK
Park
Sang Dai
SD
Kim
Jae Bum
JB
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D052243:Resistin; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006729:Hormones, Ectopic; C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin; C499623:Retn protein, mouse; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors