A background infusion of morphine does not enhance postoperative analgesia after cardiac surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), with or without a background infusion of morphine on postoperative pain relief and stress response after cardiac anesthesia.


METHODS
With University Ethics approval, 35 consenting adults undergoing elective open-heart surgery were randomly assigned preoperatively in a double-blind fashion to receive either morphine PCA alone (Group I, n = 15) or morphine PCA plus a continuous basal infusion (Group II, n = 14) for 44 hr postoperatively. Pain scores with visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest, deep inspiration and with cough, sedation scores, stress hormone levels [cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH)] and morphine consumption were assessed, and serum morphine levels were measured at four, 20, 28 and 44 hr after surgery. Adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention and pruritus were noted. Total blood, fluid requirements, drainage and urinary output were recorded.


RESULTS
Postoperative morphine consumption at 44 hr was less in Group I (29.43 +/- 12.57 mg) than in Group II (50.14 +/- 16.44 mg), P = 0.0006. There was no significant difference between groups in VAS scores, GH levels, blood levels of morphine and adverse effects. While VAS scores, ACTH and GH levels decreased significantly in both groups, plasma cortisol levels increased significantly in Group I only at four hours. In Group II, ACTH and cortisol were higher at four and 44 hr respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
PCA with morphine effectively controlled postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. The addition of a background infusion of morphine did not enhance analgesia and increased morphine consumption.
Dal
Didem
D
Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. didemdal@yahoo.com
Kanbak
Meral
M
Caglar
Meltem
M
Aypar
Ulku
U
D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006728:Hormones; D009020:Morphine