Genetic association studies of cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the candidate genes previously studied in subjects with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both are associated with hypodontia outside the region of the cleft.


METHODS
One hundred twenty subjects from the Iowa Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center were selected based on the availability of both dental records and genotype information.


METHODS
The type of orofacial clefting and type and location of dental anomalies (missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, or peg laterals) were assessed by dental chart review and radiographic examination. Genotype analysis of candidate genes was performed using polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis.


RESULTS
The prevalence of hypodontia in this sample was 47.5%, with 30.0% of subjects having missing teeth outside the cleft. There was a positive association between subjects with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate who had hypodontia outside the cleft region (compared with noncleft controls) and both muscle segment homeo box homolog 1 (MSX1) (p =.029) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) (p =.024). It was not possible in this analysis to determine whether this association was specifically associated with orofacial clefting combined with hypodontia or whether it was due primarily to the clefting phenotype.


CONCLUSIONS
In this sample, there was a significantly greater incidence of hypodontia outside the cleft region in subjects with cleft lip and palate, compared with cleft lip only or cleft palate only. Cleft lip and/or palate with hypodontia outside the cleft region was positively associated with both TGFB3 and MSX1, compared with noncleft controls.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, SD 182, 611 SW Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA. slaytonr@ohsu.edu
Rebecca L
RL
Slayton
Laura
L
Williams
Jeffrey C
JC
Murray
James J
JJ
Wheeler
Andrew C
AC
Lidral
Carla J
CJ
Nishimura
D000848:Anodontia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D051764:PAX9 Transcription Factor; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D051764:PAX9 Transcription Factor; C497323:PAX9 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3