Reproducibility of 11C-raclopride binding in the rat brain measured with the microPET R4: effects of scatter correction and tracer specific activity.
A new generation of commercial animal PET cameras may accelerate drug development by streamlining preclinical testing in laboratory animals. However, little information on the feasibility of using these machines for quantitative PET in small animals is available. Here we investigate the reproducibility of microPET imaging of (11)C-raclopride in the rat brain and the effects of tracer-specific activity and photon scatter correction on measures of D2 receptor (D2R) availability.


METHODS
Sprague-Dawley rats (422 +/- 29 g; n = 7) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and catheterized for tail vein injection of (11)C-raclopride. Each animal was positioned prone in the microPET, centering the head in the field of view. MicroPET data was collected for 60 min-starting at (11)C-raclopride injection-and binned into 24 time frames (6 x 10 s, 3 x 20 s, 8 x 60 s, 4 x 200 s, 3 x 600 s). In 3 studies, (11)C-raclopride was administered a second time in the same animal, with 2-4 h between injections. In a fourth animal, raclopride (1 mg/kg) was coinjected with (11)C-raclopride for the second injection. Three rats received a single dose of (11)C-raclopride. The range of doses for all studies was 6.11-18.54 MBq (165-501 micro Ci). The specific activity at injection was 4.07-48.1 GBq/ micro mol (0.11-1.3 Ci/ micro mol). Region-of-interest analysis was performed and the distribution volume ratio (DVR) was computed for striatum/cerebellum using sinograms uncorrected and corrected for scatter using a tail-fit method.


RESULTS
Test-retest results showed that the (11)C-raclopride microPET DVR was reproducible (change in DVR = -8.3% +/- 4.4%). The average DVR from 6 rats injected with high specific activity (<4 nmol/kg) was 2.43 +/- 0.19 (coefficient of variation = 8%). The DVR for the blocking study was 1.23. The DVR depended on the mass of tracer (11)C-raclopride injected for doses >1.5 nmol/kg. Scatter fractions within the rat head were approximately 25%-45% resulting in an average increase of DVR of 3.5% (range, 0%-10%) after correction.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that the (11)C-raclopride microPET-derived DVR is reproducible and suitable for studying D2R availability in the rat brain. MicroPET sensitivity was sufficient to determine reproducible DVRs from (11)C-raclopride injections of 9.25 MBq (approximately 250 micro Ci). However, the effect of tracer mass on the DVR should be considered for studies using more than approximately 1-2 nmol/kg raclopride, and scatter correction has a measurable impact on the results.
Alexoff
David L
DL
Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA. alexoff@bnl.gov
Vaska
Paul
P
Marsteller
Douglas
D
Gerasimov
Timofei
T
Li
Juan
J
Logan
Jean
J
Fowler
Joanna S
JS
Taintor
Nicholas B
NB
Thanos
Panayotis K
PK
Volkow
Nora D
ND
D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D020891:Raclopride / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D020891:Raclopride