Non-polar halogenated natural products bioaccumulated in marine samples. II. Brominated and mixed halogenated compounds.
Several identified and potential natural brominated bioaccumulative compounds were studied in this work. 4,6-dibromo-2-(2('),4(')-dibromo)phenoxyanisole (BC-2) previously detected in Australian marine mammals and isolated from sponges, was synthesized. Two byproducts (a tetrabromo isomer and a tribromo congener) were investigated as well. The byproducts of the synthesis were not identified in the environmental samples investigated. Previously described natural brominated compounds (BC-1, BC-2, BC-3, BC-10, BC-11, MHC-1) and anthropogenic brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-154) were detected in a sample of human milk. The sample was from a woman from the Faeroe Islands who frequently consumed fish as well as whale blubber and meat. The most abundant compound originated from the natural tetrabromo phenoxyanisole BC-3 which may have a 3:1 distribution of bromine on the two phenyl units. This sample also accumulated a dibromochloroanisole, as well as a previously unknown mixed halogenated compound (MHC-X) and an unknown, most likely aromatic brominated compound. Co-elutions on a DB-5 column were found for BDE-99 and BC-11 as well as BDE-154 and the unknown brominated compound. This suggests that quantification of these two compounds has to be carried out carefully.Two samples of lower trophic level, namely Baltic cod liver and Mexican mussel tissue, were investigated as well. The cod liver samples contained BDE congeners but also abundant signals for the natural 2,3,3('),4,4('),5,5(')-heptachloro-1(')-methyl-1,2(')-bipyrrole Q1 and tribromoanisole (TBA). The mussel sample contained Q1, TBA, another halogenated anisole, BC-1, BC-2, and BC-3, as well as additional, potential natural brominated compounds in the elution range of tribromophenoxyanisoles.
Department of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 25, D-07743 Jena, Germany. w.vetter@uni-hohenheim.de
Walter
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Vetter
Wu
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Jun
D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D020387:Food Chain; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D046048:Seals, Earless / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D000840:Anisoles; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011758:Pyrroles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical