Lipophilicities of baclofen ester prodrugs correlate with affinities to the ATP-dependent efflux pump P-glycoprotein: relevance for their permeation across the blood-brain barrier?
OBJECTIVE
Distribution to the effect site is a prerequisite for the therapeutic effect and determined by physicochemical properties and affinities to inside- and outside-directed membrane transporters. Based on the hypothesis that lipophilic esters of the GABA-derivative baclofen have a higher affinity to brain tissue, baclofen esters (methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, butyl) were studied regarding their penetration through the blood-brain barrier and their affinities to P-glycoprotein (P-gp).


METHODS
Octanol-water distribution coefficients (D) served as lipophilicity parameters. Blood and brain concentrations of baclofen and its methyl ester were determined in vivo in rats following intraperitoneal administration. Affinities to P-gp were evaluated using a radioligand binding assay based on P-gp-overexpressing cells and [3H]-talinolol as radioligand.


RESULTS
Log D values for baclofen and ester derivatives were -0.96 (baclofen), 0.48 (methyl), 0.77 (ethyl), 1.31 (1-propyl), 1.27 (2-propyl), and 1.42 (butyl). In-vitro studies yielded negligible affinity of baclofen to P-gp, whereas IC50-values for the esters ranged between 1300 microM (methyl) and 290 microM (2-propyl). Affinity parameters correlated well with the lipophilicity parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the P-gp affinity, brain concentrations of methyl ester were significantly higher than those of baclofen, however, baclofen levels following administration of the ester were smaller than with baclofen administration indicating only partial hydrolysis.
Leisen
Christiane
C
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Hall Saale.
Langguth
Peter
P
Herbert
Bernd
B
Dressler
Cornelia
C
Koggel
Annette
A
Spahn-Langguth
Hilde
H
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001418:Baclofen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004952:Esters; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D004952:Esters; D011355:Prodrugs; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001418:Baclofen