Evaluation on drug dependence of buprenorphine.
OBJECTIVE
To survey and assess the drug dependence and abuse potential liability of buprenorphine among opiate abusers.


METHODS
Subjects of opiate dependence with history of buprenorphine use for 3 d at least were surveyed by interview. Physical dependence of buprenorphine was assessed using 30 items opiate withdrawal scale (OWS), which composed of 30 symptoms/signs. A 4-point scale was used to rate each symptoms/signs: zero (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3). Subjects were asked to rate their symptoms according to severity of previous experienced buprenorphine withdrawal. The estimate of the degree of subjective euphoria for buprenorphine was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS).


RESULTS
Subjects 1235 who met the research criteria cases completed this survey in multi-detoxification treatment centers. The main initial purposes of buprenorphine use were detoxification (77.4 %) and protracted abstinence treated (26.6 %) respectively. The scores of OWS of buprenorphine were between 0.2 to 1.3; The mean scores of OWS in 3 different categories of frequency of buprenorphine use on "continuous use", "un-continuous use", and "sometimes continuous, sometimes un-continuous" were 0.9+/-0.9, 0.4+/-0.5, and 0.7+/-0.4, respectively (F=70.846, P<0.05). The degree of subjective euphoria for buprenorphine was slight to sub-moderate (mean score of VAS was 27 mm+/-24 mm). The mean scores of VAS in different routes of buprenorphine administration of sublingual and injection were (24+/-23) mm and (27+/-24) mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between sublingual and injection use of buprenorphine (u=1.516, P>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Both physical and psychic dependence of buprenorphine were low.
Liu
Zhi-Min
ZM
National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China. zhiminliu@bjmu.edu.cn
Lü
Xian-Xiang
XX
Lian
Zhi
Z
Mu
Yue
Y
Guo
Ping
P
An
Xin
X
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D002047:Buprenorphine