Genotoxic effects of PAH containing sludge extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.
OBJECTIVE
Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society.


METHODS
Keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated from a petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry and ETP sludge from petroleum refinery using DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein induction and apoptosis in short term in vitro mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures.


RESULTS
It is evident from the results that the oily sludge compounds derived from petroleum refinery and petrochemical industry could cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, p53 protein accumulation and apoptotic cell death on exposure to oily sludge extracts in the presence of metabolic activation system (S-9 mix), however, ETP sludge extract could not cause significant genotoxicity in comparison to oily sludge extract and negative control.


CONCLUSIONS
The effect may be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the samples as evidenced from GC-MS.
Krishnamurthi
K
K
Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, India.
Devi
Font
F
Chakrabarti
T
T
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016466:CHO Cells; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004249:DNA Damage; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009153:Mutagens / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012722:Sewage; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53