Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Canada and the United States: importance to health status and efficacy of current food fortification and dietary supplement use.
Several recent studies have identified a surprisingly high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in otherwise healthy adults living in Canada and the United States. Most striking are the effects of latitude, season, and race. Also noteworthy is that dietary vitamin D is not reaching the population in greatest need, nor is it very protective against insufficiency. Fluid milk, as the predominant vehicle for vitamin D fortification, is apparently not very effective in staving off vitamin D insufficiency in adults in all populations at all times of the year.
Calvo
Mona S
MS
Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, HFS-025, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
Whiting
Susan J
SJ
D044383:Black People; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005843:Geography; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
D014807:Vitamin D