Choosing identity-release sperm donors: the parents' perspective 13-18 years later.
BACKGROUND
A growing number of donor insemination (DI) programmes offer 'open-identity' sperm donors, who are willing to have their identity released to adult offspring. We report findings from parents who chose such donors and whose children are now adolescents.


METHODS
Using mail-back questionnaires, parents from 45 households (40% headed by lesbian couples, 38% by single women, 22% by heterosexual couples) reported their experience with using an open-identity donor and disclosure about it, as well as their child's plans for donor identity-release(sm).


RESULTS
Almost no parents regretted using an open-identity donor. Almost all parents had told their child about his or her DI conception early on and reported a neutral to moderately positive impact. Finally, of those who had told, almost all expected their child to obtain the donor's identity. We also discuss differences found between birth mothers and co-parents and among single women, lesbian couples, and heterosexual couples.


CONCLUSIONS
Families were relatively open and positive about their use of DI and that their child could obtain the donor's identity. Disclosure did not appear to have a negative impact on the families, regardless of parental sexual orientation and relationship status.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jescheib@ucdavis.edu
J E
JE
Scheib
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M
Riordan
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S
Rubin
D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D030881:Disclosure; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014019:Tissue Donors