Recent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 acquisition in India.
To estimate the impact of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), stored serum samples from a cohort of 2732 HIV-1-seronegative patients attending 3 sexually transmitted infection clinics and 1 reproductive tract infection clinic in Pune, India, were screened for HSV-2-specific antibodies. Incident HSV-2 infection was defined serologically as "recent" if a negative result of testing for HSV-2 could be documented within the previous 6 months or "remote" if >6 months had elapsed since the last negative test result. The prevalence of HSV-2 at enrollment was 43%. The HSV-2 incidence was 11.4 cases/100 person-years, and the HIV-1 incidence was 5.8 cases/100 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratios of HIV-1 acquisition from exposure to HSV-2 infection were 1.67 for prevalent HSV-2, 1.92 for remote incident HSV-2, and 3.81 for recent incident HSV-2. Recent incident HSV-2 infection was associated with the highest risk of HIV-1 in this study, which suggests that prevention of HSV-2 infection may reduce the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. sreynol1@jhmi.edu
Steven J
SJ
Reynolds
Arun R
AR
Risbud
Mary E
ME
Shepherd
Jonathan M
JM
Zenilman
Ronald S
RS
Brookmeyer
Ramesh S
RS
Paranjape
Anand D
AD
Divekar
Raman R
RR
Gangakhedkar
Manisha V
MV
Ghate
Robert C
RC
Bollinger
Sanjay M
SM
Mehendale
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014456:Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral