Vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout in sexual assault and domestic violence agency staff.
This study investigated three occupational hazards of therapy with trauma victims: vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress (or "compassion fatigue"), which describe therapists' adverse reactions to clients' traumatic material, and burnout, a stress response experienced in many emotionally demanding "people work" jobs. Among 101 trauma counselors, client exposure workload and being paid as a staff member (vs. volunteer) were related to burnout sub-scales, but not as expected to overall burnout or vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, or general distress. More educated counselors and those seeing more clients reported less vicarious trauma. Younger counselors and those with more trauma counseling experience reported more emotional exhaustion. Findings have implications for training, treatment, and agency support systems.
Baird
Stephanie
S
University of North Texas, Denton 76203-1280, USA.
Jenkins
Sharon Rae
SR
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003376:Counseling; D003379:Countertransference; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011613:Psychotherapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*; D040921:Stress Disorders, Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States; D014838:Volunteers / Q000523:psychology; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology