Monoclonal antibody against dnmt1 arrests the cell division of xenopus early-stage embryos.
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in embryogenesis, and Dnmt1 is known to be a key enzyme in the maintenance of DNA methylation. Dnmt1 is highly accumulated in mature oocytes and eggs. To analyze the function of the maternally accumulated Dnmt1, we injected monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the amino terminus of Xenopus Dnmt1 into Xenopus laevis embryos. The monoclonal antibodies inhibited the cell division of the embryos before the midblastula transition. Monoclonal antibody neither inhibited DNA methylation activity of Dnmt1 in vitro nor affected its stability in embryos. In addition, injection of alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of transcription, did not rescue the cell division arrest. The results suggest that the inhibition of cell division by monoclonal antibodies was due neither to the direct inhibition of DNA methylation activity of Dnmt1 nor to aberrant transcription before the midblastula transition. The morphology of chromatin of the arrested cells showed that the cell cycle was arrested at interphase. This was supported by the biochemical analysis in which the arrested cells demonstrated low histone H1 kinase activity, which indicated that the cells had not entered M phase. Dnmt1 may have an important function other than DNA methylation activity for early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis.
Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Hideharu
H
Hashimoto
Isao
I
Suetake
Shoji
S
Tajima
D000546:Amanitins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D036703:Blastula / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000187:drug effects; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
D000546:Amanitins; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D010455:Peptides; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases; C102333:histone H1 kinase