Complications of intermittent prone positioning in pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the safety and risks of placing pediatric patients in the prone position during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of respiratory failure.


METHODS
Single-center retrospective cohort study.


METHODS
Tertiary pediatric ICUs.


METHODS
All patients admitted to the pediatric ICU who required ECMO for respiratory failure from 1995 to 2000.


METHODS
None.


RESULTS
Medical records for 93 patients representing 95 ECMO runs for treatment of respiratory failure were reviewed. Of these, 63 patients (66%) received intermittent prone positioning. Demographic data and clinical information were recorded. The median age was 12 months, and the median weight was 9.8 kg. There were 962 position changes. Complications surveyed for included bleeding from appliance insertion sites, appliance dislodgment, unplanned extubation, cutaneous pressure ulceration, corneal abrasion, and extreme hemodynamic instability. These complications were noted as to whether they were present prior to the initiation of prone positioning or whether they developed after prone positioning began. Twenty-four percent of patients had bleeding from cannulation sites prior to prone positioning, and 18% of patients had bleeding begin after prone positioning was initiated. Two patients had chest tubes dislodge after prone positioning began, but neither patient had bleeding occur or required reinsertion of the chest tube. There were no unplanned extubations, appliance displacements, development of cutaneous pressure ulcerations, or corneal abrasions associated with prone-positioning maneuvers. No patient had ECMO support removed secondary to the surveyed complications. Eighty-two percent of children who received prone positioning during ECMO for treatment of respiratory failure survived to hospital discharge.


CONCLUSIONS
We found that prone positioning may be used in pediatric ECMO patients without increasing the risk of complications. A multi-institutional, prospective, randomized, controlled study would better evaluate the efficacy of this practice and whether it is associated with a shorter length of ECMO or shorter post-ECMO ventilation and outcome.
Haefner
Susan M
SM
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Bratton
Susan L
SL
Annich
Gail M
GM
Bartlett
Robert H
RH
Custer
Joseph R
JR
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016684:Prone Position; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate