CSF shunt infections in children: experiences from a population-based study.
The objective was to identify risk factors for shunt infections, and establish the rate of infection for shunt procedures carried out under standardized conditions in a well-defined population. All (407) paediatric shunt operations (primary and revisions) performed within a total population of 630000 inhabitants between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1996, were analysed retrospectively. 11 shunt infections were diagnosed in 10 patients, giving an overall infection rate of 2.7% per procedure and 6.2% per patient. Infections were significantly correlated with age, type of operation, and a etiology of hydrocephalus. Thus, infections occurred more frequently during the first 6 months of life, more often following primary shunt insertions compared with revisions, and children with myelomeningocele had a higher infection risk than children with hydrocephalus due to other causes. There was a highly significant male preponderance in the patient material.


CONCLUSIONS
The overall infection rate was relatively low. The risk factors for shunt infections appear to relate to epidemiological characteristics rather than to surgical factors.
Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen School of Medicine, Bergen, Norway.
P Ø
PØ
Enger
F
F
Svendsen
K
K
Wester
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*