Correlation of subcellular compartmentalization of HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates with chemotherapeutic activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells.
OBJECTIVE
Intracellular targets sensitive to oxidized damage generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-mesochlorin e6 monoethylenediamine (Mce6) conjugates was explored to aid in the design of second generation PDT delivery systems.


METHODS
Low temperature, metabolic inhibitor, and nuclear localization sequences (NLS(FITC)) were used to achieve desired subcellular localization that was evaluated by confocal analysis and subcellular fractionation. Mce6 was bound to HPMA copolymer conjugates via non-degradable dipeptide linkers (P-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or lysosomally degradable tetrapeptide spacers (P-GFLG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6). Chemotherapeutic efficacy was assessed by the concentration that inhibited growth by 50% (IC50), cell associated drug concentration (CAD) and confocal microscopy.


RESULTS
P-GFLG-Mce6 possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activ ity compared to P-GG-Mce6 indicating enzymatically released Mce6 was more active than copolymer-bound Mce6. Lysosomes appeared less sensitive to photodamage as observed by a higher IC50. Nuclear-directed HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates (P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6, P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6) possessed enhanced chemotherapeutic activity. However, control cationic HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates containing a scrambled NLS (P-scNLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6) or amino groups (P-NH2-GG-Mce6) also displayed increased chemotherapeutic activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Nuclear delivery was observed for P-NLS(FITC)-GG-Mce6 and P-NLS(FITC)-GFLG-Mce6 indicating NLS was a feasible approach for nuclear delivery. Due to the cationic nature of NLS, increased membrane binding of PDT systems incorporating cationic nuclear targeting moieties must be addressed.
Department Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
Monica
M
Tijerina
Pavla
P
Kopecková
Jindŕich
J
Kopecek
D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D008689:Methacrylates; D011166:Porphyrins; C088297:meso-chlorin e(6) monoethylene diamine; C032802:hydroxypropyl methacrylate