Effect of diesel on chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in helper T cell type 1/type 2 recruitment in patients with asthma.
The objective of this study was to evaluate if diesel exhausts could favor helper T cell type (Th) 2-associated allergic reactions either through an increased production of Th2-associated chemokines and of their associated receptors or through a decrease of Th1-attracting chemokines and chemokine receptors. Diesel but not allergen exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with allergy induced a release of I-309, whereas both diesel and Der p 1 induced an early but transient release of monokine induced by IFN-gamma and a late release of pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine. Although both Th1- and Th2-attracting chemokines were induced, the resulting effect was an increased chemotactic activity on Th2 but not Th1 cells. Surprisingly, diesel induced a late increase in the expression of the Th1-associated CXC receptor 3 and CC receptor 5. T cell CXC receptor 3 upregulation was not associated with an increased migration to its ligands. These two antagonistic effects have been previously reported as a scavenger mechanism to clear chemokines. Altogether, these results suggest that diesel, even without allergen, may amplify a type 2 immune response but that it can also increase late Th1-associated chemokine receptor expression, perhaps as a scavenger mechanism to clear pro-Th1 chemokines and promote the Th2 pathway.
U-416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, BP 245, 59 019 Lille Cedex, France.
Stephanie
S
Sénéchal
Patricia
P
de Nadai
Natacha
N
Ralainirina
Arnaud
A
Scherpereel
Han
H
Vorng
Philippe
P
Lassalle
André-Bernard
AB
Tonnel
Anne
A
Tsicopoulos
Benoît
B
Wallaert
D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
D000485:Allergens; D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D001335:Vehicle Emissions