Primary metastatic osteosarcoma: presentation and outcome of patients treated on neoadjuvant Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group protocols.
OBJECTIVE
To determine demographic data and define prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients presenting with high-grade osteosarcoma of bone with clinically detectable metastases at initial presentation.


METHODS
Of 1,765 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated high-grade osteosarcomas of bone registered in the neoadjuvant Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group studies before 1999, 202 patients (11.4%) had proven metastases at diagnosis and therefore were enrolled onto an analysis of demographic-, tumor-, and treatment-related variables, response, and survival. The intended therapeutic strategy included pre- and postoperative multiagent chemotherapy as well as aggressive surgery of all resectable lesions.


RESULTS
With a median follow-up of 1.9 years (5.5 years for survivors), 60 patients were alive, 37 of whom were in continuously complete surgical remission. Actuarial overall survival rates at 5 and 10 (same value for 15) years were 29% (SE = 3%) and 24% (SE = 4%), respectively. In univariate analysis, survival was significantly correlated with patient age, site of the primary tumor, number and location of metastases, number of involved organ systems, histologic response of the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy, and completeness and time point of surgical resection of all tumor sites. However, after multivariate Cox regression analysis, only multiple metastases at diagnosis (relative hazard rate [RHR] = 2.3) and macroscopically incomplete surgical resection (RHR = 2.4) remained significantly associated with inferior outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
The number of metastases at diagnosis and the completeness of surgical resection of all clinically detected tumor sites are of independent prognostic value in patients with proven primary metastatic osteosarcoma.
Kager
Leo
L
Cooperative German-Austrian-Swiss Osteosarcoma Study Center, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer Str 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany; coss@uni-muenster.de.
Zoubek
Andreas
A
Pötschger
Ulrike
U
Kastner
Ulrike
U
Flege
Silke
S
Kempf-Bielack
Beate
B
Branscheid
Detlev
D
Kotz
Rainer
R
Salzer-Kuntschik
Mechthild
M
Winkelmann
Winfried
W
Jundt
Gernot
G
Kabisch
Hartmut
H
Reichardt
Peter
P
Jürgens
Heribert
H
Gadner
Helmut
H
Bielack
Stefan S
SS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide; D008727:Methotrexate