1-Hydroxypyrene glucuronide as the major aqueous pyrene metabolite in tissue and gut fluid from the marine deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor.
Both 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide are identified as the primary phase I and phase II metabolites of the four-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene in the marine deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Identification of pyrene and primary metabolites was performed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection and fluorescence detection (HPLC/DAD/F) and an ion-trap mass spectrometer for positive identification of 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide. Besides 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, the HPLC/F trace of tissue samples from pyrene-exposed worms showed three additional low-intensity peaks that may be related to pyrene metabolism based on similar excitation/emission wavelengths. The peaks were all too low in intensity to be positively identified. Of the total PAH in tissue, 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, 1-hydroxypyrene, and pyrene constituted 73%, 2%, and 25% respectively. Gut elimination of metabolic products is supported by the identification of 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide in both gut fluid and defecation water. Being the only phase I metabolite of pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene becomes a useful marker for PAH exposure, and it may serve as a valuable model compound for assessing species-specific PAH metabolic capabilities.
Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA. anders@giessing.dk
Anders M B
AM
Giessing
Lawrence M
LM
Mayer
Thomas L
TL
Forbes
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
C093851:1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide; D015415:Biomarkers; D005965:Glucuronates; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes