Strabismus in infants of opiate-dependent mothers.
OBJECTIVE
At a follow-up clinic for infants of opiate-dependent mothers it was noted that more infants than expected developed strabismus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of strabismus and the need for active strabismus surveillance in this population.


METHODS
Consecutive infants of opiate-dependent mothers born over an 18 mo period were recalled for ophthalmological assessment by an ophthalmologist and orthoptist. Those unable to attend were surveyed by telephone using a questionnaire.


RESULTS
49 (69%) of the 71 eligible infants were recalled at a mean age of 21 mo (range 6-39); 29 had a full ophthalmological examination and the remaining 20 completed the questionnaire only. Seven (14%) of the 49 recalled infants had strabismus on examination; 4 needed glasses or patching. A further seven (14%) had a history of intermittent strabismus but declined formal examination. Another child had significant hypermetropia without strabismus. The mean age at which strabismus was observed was 8.3 mo (range birth to 19 mo). The presence of strabismus was not significantly influenced by conditions at birth, maternal drug doses, family history or need for or duration of abstinence treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of strabismus in infants of opiate-dependent mothers was at least 10 times that in the general population. As attendance at follow-up is often poor, paediatricians should be aware of the association to encourage opportunistic assessment and ophthalmological surveillance of this population.
Gill
A C
AC
Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Oei
J
J
Lewis
N L
NL
Younan
N
N
Kennedy
I
I
Lui
K
K
D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003061:Codeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000592:standards*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin; D009020:Morphine; D008691:Methadone; D003061:Codeine