High prognostic value of p16INK4 alterations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
OBJECTIVE
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent a distinctive (but histologically heterogeneous) group of neoplasms, the malignant potential of which is often uncertain. To determine the prognostic relevance of p16INK4 alterations in GISTs, we investigated a larger group of GISTs and correlated the genetic findings with clinicopathological factors and patient survival.


METHODS
We evaluated the methylation status of the promotor by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of mutations by PCR-SSCP-sequencing, the loss of heterozygosity at the p16INK4 locus (using the c5.1 marker), and the immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4 protein in 43 GISTs in 39 patients.


RESULTS
p16INK4 alterations were found in 25 of 43 GISTs (58.1%), with benign, borderline, or malignant GISTs showing no differences in the type and frequency of alteration. p16INK4 alterations were correlated with a loss of p16INK4 protein expression (P <.01). Patients who had tumors with p16INK4 alterations had a poorer prognosis than patients with tumors without such alterations (P =.02). There was a high predictive value for p16INK4 alterations only in the group of benign and borderline GISTs (P <.01) with regard to clinical outcome. Univariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between p16INK4 alterations, tumor size, mitotic index, and overall survival (P <.02), whereas multivariate Cox's analysis confirmed only p16INK4 alterations as an independent prognostic factor.


CONCLUSIONS
We believe that the evaluation of p16INK4 alteration status is a helpful prognosticator, particularly in the benign and borderline groups of GISTs.
Schneider-Stock
Regine
R
Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. regine.schneider-stock@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Boltze
Carsten
C
Lasota
Jerzy
J
Miettinen
Markku
M
Peters
Brigitte
B
Pross
Matthias
M
Roessner
Albert
A
Günther
Thomas
T
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017154:Stromal Cells; D013534:Survival