Elemental transport and distribution in soils amended with incinerated sewage sludge.
Sewage sludge (SS) is the major solid waste of sewage and wastewater treatment plants in cities around the world. Even though treated effluent water from wastewater treatment plants are utilized for irrigation, disposal of sewage sludge is becoming a serious problem. This is due to its high content of certain heavy metals still posing threat of accumulation in plants and groundwater contamination when it is used as soil amendment or disposed in landfills. Water treatment plants incinerate the dewatered activated sewage sludge (ISS) and dissolve the ash in water to store in ash ponds for long-term storage (WISS). A study was undertaken to evaluate the transport and leaching potential of various elements and their distribution within soil columns amended with various rates of ISS. Results of this study indicates that ISS from wastewater treatment plants can be used as soil amendment on agricultural lands at low to medium rates (< or = 100 Mg ha(-1)) without causing potential loading of metals into groundwater.
Paramasivam
S
S
Savannah State University, Marine, Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Savannah, Georgia 31404, USA. siva@savstate.edu
Sajwan
K S
KS
Alva
A K
AK
VanClief
D
D
Hostler
K H
KH
D018533:Biomass; D017745:Incineration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014872:Water Movements; D014881:Water Supply
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements