Molecular modeling and functional mapping of B7-H1 and B7-DC uncouple costimulatory function from PD-1 interaction.
B7-H1 and B7-DC are ligands for PD-1, a receptor implicated in negative regulation of T and B cell functions. These ligands, however, also costimulate T cell responses. It remains elusive whether or not costimulation is mediated through PD-1. By comparative molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that nonconserved residues between these ligands on the A'GFCC'C" face mediate interaction with PD-1. This indicates significant structural heterogeneity of the interactions between PD-1 and its ligands. Importantly, ligand mutants with abolished PD-1 binding capacity could still costimulate proliferation and cytokine production of T cells from normal and PD-1-deficient mice. Our results reveal unique binding characteristics of B7-H1 and B7-DC and provide direct evidence for an independent costimulatory receptor other than PD-1.
Wang
Shengdian
S
Department of Immunology, Mayo Graduate and Medical Schools, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Bajorath
Jürgen
J
Flies
Dallas B
DB
Dong
Haidong
H
Honjo
Tasuku
T
Chen
Lieping
L
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010455:Peptides; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D001798:Blood Proteins; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; C556978:Pdcd1lg2 protein, mouse; D010455:Peptides; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor