The cDNA microarray analysis using an Arabidopsis pad3 mutant reveals the expression profiles and classification of genes induced by Alternaria brassicicola attack.
The hypersensitive response (HR) was induced in a wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plant (Columbia) (Col-wt) by inoculation with Alternaria brassicicola that causes the development of small brown necrotic lesions on the leaves. By contrast, pad3-1 mutants challenged with A. brassicicola produced spreading lesions. The cell death in pad3-1 mutants could not inhibit the pathogen growth and development, although both production of H(2)O(2) and localized cell death were similar in Col-wt and pad3-1 plants after the inoculation. The difference between Col-wt and pad3-1 plants is defense responses after the occurrence of cell death. In other words, PAD3 is necessary for defense response to A. brassicicola. Therefore, we examined the changes in the expression patterns of ca. 7,000 genes by cDNA microarray analysis after inoculation with A. brassicicola. The cDNA microarrays were also done to analyze Arabidopsis responses after treatment with signal molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing compounds and UV-C. The results suggested that the pad3-1 mutation altered not only the accumulation of camalexin but also the timing of expression of many defense-related genes in response to the challenge with A. brassicicola. Furthermore, the plants integrate two or more signals that act together for promoting the induction of multiple defense pathways.
Narusaka
Yoshihiro
Y
Kobe University Graduate School of Science and Technology, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan. narusaka@ans.ans.kobe-u.ac.jp
Narusaka
Mari
M
Seki
Motoaki
M
Ishida
Junko
J
Nakashima
Maiko
M
Kamiya
Asako
A
Enju
Akiko
A
Sakurai
Tetsuya
T
Satoh
Masakazu
M
Kobayashi
Masatomo
M
Tosa
Yukio
Y
Park
Pyoyun
P
Shinozaki
Kazuo
K
D000528:Alternaria / Q000254:growth & development*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C417307:PAD3 protein, Arabidopsis