Antihypertensive therapy with verapamil SR plus trandolapril versus atenolol plus chlorthalidone on glycemic control.
BACKGROUND
There is evidence that diuretics and beta blockers impair glucose tolerance, whereas calcium channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme blockers lack this metabolic effect. We compared the effect of a combination therapy with a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker plus an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta blocker plus a diuretic on hemoglobin A(1c) (Hb A(1c)) in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild-to- moderate hypertension.


METHODS
A total of 463 hypertensive outpatients with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes on stable antidiabetic therapy for at least 3 months and with HbA(1c) between 6.5% and 10% were recruited. In a randomized, double blind trial patients were treated for 20 weeks with fixed combinations of verapamil sustained release (SR) plus trandolapril and of atenolol plus chlorthalidone following a 2-week placebo run-in period. The main outcome measures were HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose, and fructosamine levels as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure.


RESULTS
HbA(1c) remained stable at 7.9% after administration of verapamil SR plus trandolapril and increased from 7.8% to 8.6% with atenolol plus chlorthalidone; the differences between treatment groups were significant at 4, 12, and 20 weeks of treatment and at last visit (P <.0001). Mean blood pressure fell from 169/96 to 150/85 and from 168/95 to 145/83 mm Hg after administration of verapamil SR plus trandolapril and atenolol plus chlorthalidone, respectively. Both combinations were well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
HbA(1c) and other parameters of short- and long-term glycemic control were in a more favorable range after antihypertensive treatment with verapamil SR plus trandolapril as compared with atenolol plus chlorthalidone.
Holzgreve
Heinrich
H
Medizinische Poliklinik (HH), University of Munich, Munich, Germany. h.holzgreve@t-online.de
Nakov
Roumen
R
Beck
Katrin
K
Janka
Hans Uwe
HU
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002752:Chlorthalidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001262:Atenolol; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002752:Chlorthalidone; D004232:Diuretics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007211:Indoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014700:Verapamil; C052035:trandolapril