Synthesis of the cyclic and acyclic acetal derivatives of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine, a potent antitumor nucleoside. Design of prodrugs to be selectively activated in tumor tissues via the bio-reduction-hydrolysis mechanism.
We have designed and synthesized the acetal derivatives of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd, 1), the 2',3'-O-nitrobenzylidene derivatives 2 and 3 and the 5'-O-(alkoxy)(nitrophenyl)methyl derivatives 6-10 as potential prodrugs of ECyd. These prodrugs can be selectively activated in tumor tissues via a bio-reduction-hydrolysis mechanism owing to the characteristic properties of tumor tissues, such as hypoxia and lower pH. Although the 2',3'-O-(4-nitrobenzylidene) derivatives 2 and 3 were converted bio-reductively into the corresponding 4-aminobenzylidene derivatives by rat S-9 mix, the reduction products, that is, the corresponding amino congeners 4 and 5, proved to be rather stable in an aqueous solution at pH 6.5 used as a pH model for acidic tumor tissues. In contrast, the 5'-O-(alkoxy)(4-nitropheny)methyl derivatives 6-8 were also reduced by rat S-9 mix to the corresponding amino congeners 11-13, which were hydrolyzed to release ECyd more effectively at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.4. Accordingly, the acyclic acetals 6-8 may be efficient prodrugs of ECyd, that are effectively reduced under physiological conditions releasing ECyd in acidic tumor tissues.
Nomura
Makoto
M
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, 060-0812, Sapporo, Japan.
Shuto
Satoshi
S
Matsuda
Akira
A
D000080:Acetals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
C103084:1-(3-C-ethynylribopentofuranosyl)cytosine; D000080:Acetals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011355:Prodrugs; D003562:Cytidine