Autoimmune thyroid diseases: etiology, pathogenesis, and dermatologic manifestations.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) including Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and idiopathic hypothyroidism (atrophic Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is of vital concern to the dermatologist. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Recognition of dermatologic manifestations of AITD may alert practitioners to investigate for these disorders. The immune response involved in the pathogenesis of AITD is detailed. Current understanding of the role of genetic and environmental factors, antigens, and apoptosis are elaborated. The future holds exciting insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of AITD.
Ai
Julia
J
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, USA.
Leonhardt
Janie M
JM
Heymann
Warren R
WR
D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004777:Environment; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*