Gene expression after vaccination of mice with formulations of diphtheria toxoid or tetanus toxoid and different adjuvants: identification of shared and vaccine-specific genes in spleen lymphocytes.
We immunized mice with four different combinations of diphtheria toxoid or tetanus toxoid with aluminum phosphate or Freund's adjuvant and studied the resulting gene expression profiles in spleen lymphocytes. Genes, which are unique for each combination or shared in several combinations, were found activated, with functions in immune response but also in other cellular processes like apoptosis or signal transduction. Using bioinformatic tools we show, that some of the genes may serve as indicators for adverse reactions, while other genes may be new immune response markers. The results also suggest that adjuvant participates in the formation of an immunological memory.
Regnström
Karin
K
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, PO Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. karin.regnstrom@farmaci.uu.se
Ragnarsson
Eva
E
Artursson
Per
P
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D017778:Vaccines, Combined / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D017778:Vaccines, Combined