Public versus personal serotypes of a viral quasispecies.
Noncytopathic RNA viruses persist in their natural hosts at various levels as highly mutating quasispecies. They exhibit only one known serotype. In most inbred DBA2 mice infected with 2 x 10(4) or 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (pfu) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the virus is transiently controlled below detectable levels measured with conventional assays (<1.7 pfu), but reemerges despite a common neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. Wild-type virus and cloned mutant viruses that had escaped polyclonal nAb responses in vivo induced nAb titers in new hosts that were usually cross-reactive; some sera were highly specific for certain mutants. The few mice that controlled LCMV infection for >170 days produced not only nAb against wild-type but also variably against many other mutants isolated from other mice with reemerging viremia. When DBA2 mice were immunized and boosted with 200 pfu of a LCMV mutant, the neutralizing Ab response was limited to the immunizing "personal" clone. Thus, in contrast to classical serotype-defined cytopathic viruses (e.g., polio viruses) that induce strictly non-cross-reactive nAb titers, LCMV, a noncytopathic RNA virus, represents a dynamic multiplicity of personal serological submutants. Together, these mutants form a generally recognized "public" serotype. These findings may help to explain aspects of human infections and Ab responses against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV.
Hunziker
Lukas
L
Institute for Experimental Immunology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. lhunziker@uhbs.ch
Ciurea
Adrian
A
Recher
Mike
M
Hengartner
Hans
H
Zinkernagel
Rolf M
RM
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001483:Base Sequence; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D017931:DNA Primers; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D012703:Serotyping; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017931:DNA Primers