[Diabetic retinopathy. Pathophysiology and therapy of hypoxia-induced inflammation].
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic retinopathy is a consequence of metabolic dysregulation. Hyperglycemia is a critical factor which is involved in basement membrane thickening, loss of pericytes and endothelial cells, and retinal capillary nonperfusion. We review the molecular basis of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy and elaborate the role of growth factors and cytokines in the development of diabetic vascular alterations, their specific influence on the cellular interaction between retinal endothelial cells and pericytes, and the role of intravascular blood components.
Abteilung für Netzhaut- und Glaskörperchirurgie des Zentrums für Augenheilkunde und Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin (ZMMK) Universität zu Köln, Cologne. JoussenA@aol.com
A M
AM
Joussen
S
S
Fauser
T U
TU
Krohne
K-D
KD
Lemmen
G E
GE
Lang
B
B
Kirchhof
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020286:Pericytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances