Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also designated matrixins, hydrolyze components of the extracellular matrix. These proteinases play a central role in many biological processes, such as embryogenesis, normal tissue remodeling, wound healing, and angiogenesis, and in diseases such as atheroma, arthritis, cancer, and tissue ulceration. Currently 23 MMP genes have been identified in humans, and most are multidomain proteins. This review describes the members of the matrixin family and discusses substrate specificity, domain structure and function, the activation of proMMPs, the regulation of matrixin activity by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and their pathophysiological implication.
Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 1 Aspenlea Rd, London W6 8LH, UK.
Robert
R
Visse
Hideaki
H
Nagase
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases