Bones and nutrition: common sense supplementation for osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern. Skeletal fragility, leading to spine and hip fractures, is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Adequate calcium intake from childhood to the end of life is critical for the formation and retention of a healthy skeleton. It is important to prevent bone loss from occurring, to identify potential risk factors, and to correct them. Many genetic and lifestyle factors influence the risk for osteoporosis. Among these, diet is believed to be one of the most important, especially the roles of calcium and vitamin D. Deficiency in other dietary factors--eg, protein, vitamin K, vitamin A, phytoestrogens, and other nutrients--might also contribute to the risk for osteoporosis. In this article, the roles of diet and nutritional supplementation in preventing and treating osteoporosis are reviewed.
Advani
Sonoo
S
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place 372-MEB, PO Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA. wimsalu@umdnj.edu
Wimalawansa
Sunil J
SJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007529:Isoflavones; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014801:Vitamin A; D014812:Vitamin K; D014807:Vitamin D