Absorption properties of alternative chromophores for use in laser tissue soldering applications.
The feasibility of using alternative chromophores in laser tissue soldering applications was explored. Two commonly used chromophores, indocyanine green (ICG), and methylene blue (MB) were investigated, as well as three different food colorings: red #40 (RFC), blue #1 (BFC), and green consisting of yellow #5 and blue #1 (GFC). Three experimental studies were conducted: (i) The absorption profiles of the five chromophores, when diluted in deionized water and when bound to protein, were recorded; (ii) the effect of accumulated thermal dosages on the absorption profile of the chromophores was evaluated; and (iii) the stability of the absorption profiles of the chromophore-doped solutions when exposed to ambient light for extended time periods was measured. The peak absorption wavelengths of ICG, MB, RFC, and BFC, were found to be 805 nm, 665 nm, 503 nm, and 630 nm respectively in protein solder. The GFC had two absorption peaks at 426 nm and 630 nm, corresponding to the two dye components comprising this color. The peak absorption wavelength of ICG and MB was dependent on the choice of solvent (deionized water or protein). In contrast, the peak absorption wavelengths of the three chromophores were not dependent on the choice of solvent. ICG and MB showed a significant decrease in absorbance units with increased time and temperature when heated to temperature up to 100 degrees C. A significant decrease in the absorption peak occurred in the ICG and MB samples when exposed to ambient light for a period of 7 days. Negligible change in absorption with accumulated thermal dose up to 100 degrees C or light dose (over a period of 84 days) was observed for any of the three food colorings investigated.
Byrd
Brian D
BD
Biomedical Engineering Program, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803, USA.
Heintzelman
Douglas L
DL
McNally-Heintzelman
Karen M
KM
D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014896:Welding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
D004396:Coloring Agents; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008751:Methylene Blue