Reduced frequency of HLA DRB1*03-DQB1*02 in children with type 1 diabetes associated with enterovirus RNA.
Enteroviruses have been associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but it is unclear whether there is a distinct disease subtype. Plasma and stool samples from 206 consecutively diagnosed children and 160 healthy control children were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the RNA of 60 enteroviruses. More children with diabetes tested positive for enterovirus RNA (30% vs. 4%; odds ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-25.7; P<.001). Enterovirus 71 was detected in 25% of children; these were temporally associated with outbreaks in Southeast Asia and Australia. Fewer children with the diabetes-associated human leukocyte antigen DRB1*03-DQB1*02 genotype tested positive for enterovirus RNA (P=.02). More children presenting with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (pH, <7.1) tested positive for enterovirus RNA (P=.04). These results suggest that there is a subgroup of patients with T1DM, who are at low genetic risk, in whom enteroviruses contribute to diabetes onset.
Craig
Maria E
ME
Institute of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. m.craig@unsw.edu.au
Howard
Neville J
NJ
Silink
Martin
M
Rawlinson
William D
WD
D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D012367:RNA, Viral