Adaptation and validation of a gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire for use on a Spanish population.
OBJECTIVE
To produce and validate for telephone use in Spain a cross-cultural adaptation of the gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire (GERQ) developed by Locke et al.


METHODS
The Spanish version of the questionnaire was developed through translation, assessment of comprehensibility, back translation, and appraisal of applicability. Subsequently, reproducibility was measured by a test-retest procedure in 125 patients, and concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing self-reported questionnaire data against a gastroenterologist's findings from clinical interviews with 50 patients.


RESULTS
The Spanish version showed itself to be easily understandable and widely applicable. Reproducibility for the two cardinal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn and acid regurgitation) as measured by the kappa index (95% confidence interval), was 0.85 (0.73-0.97) and 0.81 (0.70-0.92), respectively. With respect to the process of concurrent validation, kappa values (95% confidence interval) for heartburn and acid regurgitation were 0.85 (0.68-1) and 0.91 (0.79-1), respectively. Median kappa for all questions on the questionnaire was 0.75 (range: 0.42 a 1) in the reproducibility analysis and 0.83 (range: 0.44 a 1) in the concurrent validity analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The reproducibility and concurrent validity of the Spanish version of the GERQ is excellent and comparable to that of the original English version.
Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
C
C
Moreno Elola-Olaso
E
E
Rey
F
F
Rodríguez-Artalejo
G R
GR
Locke
M
M
Díaz-Rubio
D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations