Tissue-engineered cartilage using an injectable and in situ gelable thermoresponsive gelatin: fabrication and in vitro performance.
An injectable and in situ gelable scaffold can fully fill the space of cartilaginous defects of complex shapes. The authors attempted to develop a novel injection-driven technique for cartilage repair using a thermoresponsive gelatin, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted gelatin (PNIPAAm-gelatin). A mixed solution of chondrocytes was isolated from a Japanese white rabbit and PNIPAAm-gelatin was spontaneously solidified at 37 degrees C and cultured. The number of cells in the gel with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) chain of high molecular weight (1.3 x 10(5) g/mol) and at low concentration (5 w/v%) remained unchanged irrespective of culture time, and minimal cell death and little cell proliferation were observed. A round-shaped morphology was dominantly restored even at 1 week of incubation. The cell population in the G(0)/G(1) phase was high (more than 90%), and this gradually increased with culture time. Type II collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) were detected in the tissue-engineered cartilage, but a small amount of type I collagen was also detected. Total collagen and s-GAG increased in level close to those of native hyaline cartilage over 12 weeks of culture. Mechanical properties of the tissue-engineered cartilage responding to loading and unloading of compression force tend to approach those of native hyaline cartilage with culture time. These results suggest that PNIPAAm-gelatin may be a suitable in situ formable scaffold for cartilage repair.
Ibusuki
Shinichi
S
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Fujii
Yasuo
Y
Iwamoto
Yukihide
Y
Matsuda
Takehisa
T
D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000818:Animals; D001704:Biopolymers; D002358:Cartilage, Articular; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004050:Ditiocarb; D005780:Gelatin; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007267:Injections; D008422:Materials Testing; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001704:Biopolymers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024043:Collagen Type II; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide; D005780:Gelatin; D004050:Ditiocarb