Formation of volatile iodinated alkanes in soil: results from laboratory studies.
Volatile iodinated organic compounds play an important role in the tropospheric photochemical system, but the current knowledge of the known sources and sinks of these alkyl iodides is still incomplete. This paper describes a new source of alkyl iodides from the pedosphere. Different organic-rich soils and humic acid were investigated for their release of volatile organoiodides. Six volatile organoiodides, iodomethane, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 2-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane and 2-iodobutane were identified and their release rates were determined. We assume an abiotic reaction mechanism induced by the oxidation of organic matter by iron(III). The influence of iron(III), iodide and pH on the formation of alkyl iodides was investigated. Additionally, different organic substances regarded as monomeric constituents of humus were examined for the production of alkyl iodides. Two possible reaction pathways for the chemical formation of alkyl iodides are discussed. As humic acids and iron(III) are widespread in the terrestrial environment, and the concentration of iodide in soil is strongly enriched (compared to seawater), this soil source of naturally occurring organoiodides is suggested to contribute significantly to the input of iodine into the troposphere.
Institute of Environmental Geochemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. fkeppler@ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de
Frank
F
Keppler
Reinhard
R
Borchers
Petteri
P
Elsner
Isabelle
I
Fahimi
Jens
J
Pracht
Heinz F
HF
Schöler
D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007454:Iodides / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D007454:Iodides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants