Mu-opioid modulation of HIV-1 coreceptor expression and HIV-1 replication.
A substantial proportion of HIV-1-infected individuals are intravenous drug users (i.v.DUs) who abuse opiates. Opioids induce a number of immunomodulatory effects that may directly influence HIV-1 disease progression. In the present report, we have investigated the effect of opioids on the expression of the major HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5. For these studies we have focused on opiates which are ligands for the mu-opioid receptor. Our results show that DAMGO, a selective mu-opioid agonist, increases CXCR4 and CCR5 expression in both CD3(+) lymphoblasts and CD14(+) monocytes three- to fivefold. Furthermore, DAMGO-induced elevation of HIV-1 coreceptor expression translates into enhanced replication of both X4 and R5 viral strains of HIV-1. We have confirmed the role of the mu-opioid receptor based on the ability of a mu-opioid receptor-selective antagonist to block the effects of DAMGO. We have also found that morphine enhances CXCR4 and CCR5 expression and subsequently increases both X4 and R5 HIV-1 infection. We suggest that the capacity of mu-opioids to increase HIV-1 coreceptor expression and replication may promote viral binding, trafficking of HIV-1-infected cells, and enhanced disease progression.
Steele
Amber D
AD
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, and the Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Henderson
Earl E
EE
Rogers
Thomas J
TJ
D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000235:genetics; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D017931:DNA Primers; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-