Do rapid systemic changes of brain temperature have an influence on the brain?
BACKGROUND
The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of cooling and rewarming conditions using an accurate brain temperature control system.


METHODS
The brain temperature of animals was measured with a thermometer while feedback regulation was achieved with a cold (4( degrees )C) and hot (50( degrees )C) water on-off flow system. Brain temperature was well controlled throughout the experiment by using both cold water and hot water simultaneously. Three groups were studied, as follows: 1) the standard group (cooled to 24( degrees )C for 1 hour, kept at 24( degrees )C for 2 hours and rewarmed to 37( degrees )C for 1 hour), 2) the rapid-cooling group (cooled to 24( degrees )C for 30 min, kept at 24( degrees )C for 2 h, and rewarmed to 37( degrees )C for 1 h), 3) the rapid-rewarming group (cooled to 24( degrees )C for 1 h, kept at 24( degrees )C for 2 h, and rewarmed to 37( degrees )C for 30 min) and the normal-control group.


RESULTS
An increase of MAP-2 immunoreactivity of the CA1 neurons in the dorsal hippocampus was observed one week but not one month after hypothermia in the rapid-rewarming group. There was also a significant increase in the glutamate and lactate value at the end of rewarming compared with the baseline in the rapid-rewarming group (p<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that rapid rewarming after hypothermia triggered an uncoupling of cerebral circulation and metabolism, inducing an increase of extracellular glutamate and lactate, consequently reversible neuronal cell damage.
Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa Medical University, Ikenobe, Kagawa, Japan.
T
T
Nakamura
O
O
Miyamoto
K
K
Sumitani
T
T
Negi
T
T
Itano
S
S
Nagao
D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D005849:Gerbillinae; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D017694:Rewarming; D013997:Time Factors
D019344:Lactic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid