Complications of fluoroscopically guided interlaminar cervical epidural injections.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the incidence of complications of fluoroscopically guided interlaminar cervical epidural injections.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort design study.


METHODS
A multidisciplinary spine care center.


METHODS
One hundred fifty-seven consecutive patients with cervical radicular pain caused by cervical spondylosis or herniated nucleus pulposus confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scanning.


METHODS
Fluoroscopically guided interlaminar cervical epidural injections were performed at the C7-T1 or C6-7 level using an 18-gauge, 9-mm Tuohy needle with 2mL of 1% lidocaine (Xylocaine) and 80-mg of triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog). All injections were performed consecutively over a 12-month period by 1 of 5 physicians.


METHODS
An independent observer reviewed medical charts, which included a 24-hour postprocedure telephone call by an ambulatory surgery center nurse who asked a standardized questionnaire about complications after the injections. Also reviewed were physician notes regarding office follow-up consultations 3 weeks or less after the injections and epidurograms.


RESULTS
The charts of 157 patients, who received 345 injections, were reviewed. Complications per injection included 23 increased neck pain (6.7%), 16 transient nonpositional headaches that resolved within 24 hours (4.6%), 6 episodes of insomnia the night of the injection (1.7%), 6 vasovagal reactions (1.7%), 5 facial flushing (1.5%), 1 fever the night of the procedure (0.3%), and 1 dural puncture (0.3%). The incidence of all complications per injection was 16.8%.


CONCLUSIONS
Because all complications resolved without morbidity and no patient required hospitalization, fluoroscopically guided interlaminar cervical epidural injections may be a safe procedure for use in patients with cervical radicular pain.
Botwin
Kenneth P
KP
Florida Spine Institute, Clearwater, FL, USA.
Castellanos
Ramon
R
Rao
Sanjiv
S
Hanna
Ashraf F
AF
Torres-Ramos
Francisco M
FM
Gruber
Robert D
RD
Bouchlas
Constantine G
CG
Fuoco
Glenn S
GS
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000150:complications; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D008012:Lidocaine; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide