Recommendations for future development in cattle transport in Europe.
Every year millions of calves and cattle are transported across, from and to Europe. Most of these animals are going to slaughter houses in the respective countries or in another community state or coming or going abroad (extra-EU). These transports give cause for concern for at least three reasons: First, it can cause severe stress in animals entailing poor welfare. Second, stressful transports may have a negative effect on meat quality. Third, there is the risk of spread of infectious diseases over large distances. Existing legislation does not provide enough protection to transported animals especially over long distances largely because considerable parts of the regulations are not sufficiently based on scientific evidence. In recent years some research is carried out including the EU financed CATRA research project (contract QLK5-CT 1999-0157) concentrating on the welfare and meat quality aspects of cattle transport. This paper summarises important results of this recent research and gives some recommendations for future legislation. The welfare of the animals is limited by their needs not by a fixed maximum transport time, if vehicle and transport conditions are appropriate. Bulls, steers and heifers are reacting differently on transport. Adapt transport schemes to the needs of the animals. Meat quality is only effected in extreme situations. Some animals develop an energy deficit after 6 h of transport. Develop appropriate feeding regimes for long transport. Abolish stressful loading and unloading in staging posts (injuries, infectious diseases). Staging posts are particularly stressful for bulls. Educate handlers and drivers more intensively. Pay drivers inverse to losses. Develop monitor systems for long and short distance transport (e.g. records, GPS). Improve vehicle design (e.g. vibration).
School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover. itt@tiho-hannover.de
J
J
Hartung
M
M
Marahrens
K
K
von Holleben
D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards