Characteristics of nonverbal behavior in patients with cleft lip and palate during interpersonal communication.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined characteristics of nonverbal behavior that patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) presented during interpersonal communication.


METHODS
This was a case-control design comparing nonverbal behavior of adult women with CLP with females without CLP.


METHODS
Subjects were 20 adult women with CLP and 20 noncleft control women matched for age and educational experience.


METHODS
Subject gestures and facial expressions were videotaped during interviews and analyzed with a computer-based kinematic measurement system.


RESULTS
The clinical group displayed significantly fewer head movements and a lower smile frequency than the control group. Furthermore, head and hand movements and smiles were less coordinated or congruent for the subjects with CLP than for the comparison group.


CONCLUSIONS
Even slight facial disfigurement could have a harmful effect on communication behavior in female patients with CLP.
Department of Developmental and Clinical Studies, Miyagi Gakuin Women's College, 9-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8557, Japan. adachi@mgu.ac.jp
Tomoaki
T
Adachi
Shoko
S
Kochi
Tai
T
Yamaguchi
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000523:psychology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D012904:Smiling; D014743:Videotape Recording