Influence of fibrolytic enzymes on the hydrolysis and fermentation of pure cellulose and xylan by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro.
A series of in vitro studies was conducted to determine the effects of adding a commercial enzyme product on the hydrolysis and fermentation of cellulose, xylan, and a mixture (1:1 wt/wt) of both. The enzyme product (Liquicell 2500, Specialty Enzymes and Biochemicals, Fresno, CA) was derived from Trichoderma reesei and contained mainly xylanase and cellulase activities. Addition of enzyme (0.5, 2.55 and 5.1 microL/g of DM) in the absence of ruminal fluid increased (P < 0.001) the release of reducing sugars from xylan and the mixture after 20 h of incubation at 20 degrees C. Incubations with ruminal fluid showed that enzyme (0.5 and 2.55 microL/g of DM) increased (P < 0.05) the initial (up to 6 h) xylanase, endoglucanase, and beta-D-glucosidase activities in the liquid fraction by an average of 85%. Xylanase and endoglucanase activities in the solid fraction also were increased (P < 0.05) by enzyme addition, indicating an increase in fibrolytic activity due to ruminal microbes. Gas production over 96 h of incubation was determined using a gas pressure measurement technique. Incremental levels of enzyme increased (P < 0.05) the rate of gas production of all substrates, suggesting that fermentation of cellulose and xylan was enzyme-limited. However, adding the enzyme at levels higher than 2.55 microL/g of DM failed to further increase the rate of gas production, indicating that the maximal level of stimulation was already achieved at lower enzyme concentrations. It was concluded that enzymes enhanced the fermentation of cellulose and xylan by a combination of pre- and postincubation effects (i.e., an increase in the release of reducing sugars during the pretreatment phase and an increase in the hydrolytic activity of the liquid and solid fractions of the ruminal fluid), which was reflected in a higher rate of fermentation.
Colombatto
D
D
Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR United Kingdom. colombattod@agr.gc.ca
Mould
F L
FL
Bhatt
M K
MK
Morgavi
D P
DP
Beauchemin
K A
KA
Owen
E
E
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D012417:Rumen / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology*; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism*; D014995:Xylosidases / Q000378:metabolism
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D014990:Xylans; D002482:Cellulose; D014995:Xylosidases; D043325:Xylan Endo-1,3-beta-Xylosidase; D002480:Cellulase