Chloride imbalances in soil lysimeters.
The assumption that soil neither acts as a source or a sink of chloride is evaluated by incubating soil cores in lysimeters in a climate chamber under controlled conditions. Some of the lysimeters acted as a sink while others acted as a source of chloride. Considerable amounts of organic chlorine were lost by leaching. The loss by leaching of organic chlorine could only explain part of the discrepancy in the lysimeters where the soil acted as a sink and it could certainly not explain the cases where the soil acted as a source. The storage of organic chlorine was four times larger than the storage of chloride and comparably small changes in the organic chlorine storage will thus have a considerable influence on the chloride budget. However, the soil was too heterogeneous to determine whether a change in the storage had taken place or not. It is concluded that the observed chloride surplus and also, at least to some extent, the observed chloride deficit, most likely was caused by net-changes in the storage of organic chlorine in soil. An inverse correlation was found between the initial chloride content of the soil and the imbalance in the chloride budget.Dry deposition of chloride is generally assumed to equal the run-off minus the wet deposition. Extrapolation to the field situation suggests that the output of organic chlorine by soil leachate is at risk to cause an underestimation of the dry deposition by about 25%.
Department of Thematic Research, Environmental Science Programme, Linköpings Universitet, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
M
M
Rodstedth
C
C
Ståhlberg
P
P
Sandén
G
G
Oberg
D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
D002712:Chlorides; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical