Effects of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise.
BACKGROUND
High-intensity exercise causes tissue damage, production of stress hormones, and alterations in the function and quantity of various immune cells. Many clinical-physical stressors such as surgery, trauma, burns and sepsis induce a pattern of hormonal and immunological response similar to that of exercise. It has thus been suggested that heavy exercise might be used to cause graded and well-defined amounts of muscle trauma, thereby serving as an experimental model for inflammation and sepsis.


OBJECTIVE
In order to explore whether some form of strenuous exercise might provide an useful model for the inflammatory process, we studied the effects of three different exercise protocols on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise.


METHODS
Four different experimental conditions, using a randomized-block design.


METHODS
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada.


METHODS
Eight healthy and moderately fit males.


METHODS
Participants were each assigned to four experimental conditions. Subjects performed 5 minutes of cycle-ergometry exercise at 90%, 2 hours of cycle-ergometry exercise at 60%, a standard circuit of resistance exercises with 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 60 to 70% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) force at each of 5 different stations; or they remained seated for 5 hours. DIAGNOSTIC TEST USED: Flow cytometric analysis.


METHODS
Blood samples were analyzed for total leukocyte counts, total T cells, T helper/inducer cells, T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, B cells, cytolytic T cells, and natural killer cells.


RESULTS
The peak aerobic and prolonged submaximal exercise induced similar alterations in cell counts. These changes were generally larger than those produced by the resistance exercise, although both resistance and peak aerobic exercise resulted in a significantly longer-lasting decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio than the submaximal exercise bout did.


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that, of the three exercise patterns tested, prolonged aerobic exercise induced the largest and most readily measured patterns of immune response. Nevertheless, the changes provided only a partial model for the clinical inflammatory process.
Natale
Valéria Maria
VM
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada. vmnatale@dialdata.com.br
Brenner
Ingrid Karen
IK
Moldoveanu
Andrei Ion
AI
Vasiliou
Paris
P
Shek
Pang
P
Shephard
Roy Jesse
RJ
D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors