Organ-specific changes in high-energy phosphates after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in the rat.
BACKGROUND
Adenosine nucleotides provide energy for many essential cellular functions. Liver and intestinal ATP and energy charge are known to decrease during hemorrhagic shock, and the ability to regenerate high-energy phosphates may have important implications for recovery. We measured organ-specific changes in energy charge after hemorrhagic shock and after shock followed by resuscitation.


METHODS
Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were bled and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Some animals were resuscitated with normal saline and shed blood (1:1) to a mean arterial pressure of 80 to 90 mmHg for 1 hour. Control animals were anesthetized, but not hemorrhaged. At the conclusion, blood gases and adenine nucleotides were measured.


RESULTS
Arterial pO2 and pCO2 were normal in all groups. Unresuscitated hemorrhage caused metabolic acidosis, but bicarbonate was normal in controls and after hemorrhage followed by resuscitation. Energy charge (EC) in the gastrocnemius was unaffected by hemorrhage or resuscitation. Liver EC decreased after hemorrhage (p = 0.0001), but recovered partially after resuscitation. Kidney EC was decreased after only 3 hours of hemorrhage and 1 hour of resuscitation (p = 0.005), but not with shorter periods of hemorrhage. Lung EC decreased with shock, but was substantially worse after resuscitation (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
After hemorrhage and resuscitation, EC decreased in lung, liver, kidney, and intestine, but the time course, extent of decline, and ability to recover after resuscitation varied from organ to organ. Inability to regenerate high-energy phosphates after hemorrhagic shock may be a marker for more severe cellular damage.
Boston University Medical Center, Trauma Section, Division of Surgery, 818 Harrison Ave, Dowling 2 South, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Mary E
ME
Keller
Rie
R
Aihara
Wayne W
WW
LaMorte
Erwin F
EF
Hirsch
D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism*
D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate