Membrane type-1-matrix metalloproteinase expressed by prostate carcinoma cells cleaves human laminin-5 beta3 chain and induces cell migration.
Degradation of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes is a central aspect of physiological and pathologic tissue-remodeling processes such as trophoblastic implantation, wound healing, and tumor invasion. We have hypothesized that prostate adenocarcinoma cell invasion through the normal basal lamina is attributable in part to metalloproteinase-induced cleavage of laminin-5 (Ln-5) and enhanced motility of the cancer cells. We studied the role of membrane type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expressed on the surface of prostate tumor cells in cleaving Ln-5 and enhancing the migration of prostate tumor cells. We also determined the nature of the MT1-MMP cleavage of human Ln-5 and how this altered Ln-5 changes the migration of prostate carcinoma cells. We found that human MT1-MMP cleaves purified human Ln-5 to an 80-kDa fragment. Mass spectrometry analyses of the 80-kDa cleaved product by trypsin and chymotrypsin gave 14 and 9 different peptide sequences, respectively, that were identical to the expected amino acid sequence of the Ln-5-beta3 chain. The recovered peptides represent 14.4% (trypsin) and 10.3% (chymotrypsin) of Ln-5-beta3 chain by amino acid count. Both trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion of MT1-MMP-cleaved product of Ln-5 did not show any other peptides that were identical to the other chains of Ln-5. Using a linear migration assay we found that the Ln-5 cleaved by MT1-MMP enhanced the migration of DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells by 2-fold compared with uncleaved Ln-5. The use of blocked antisense MT1-MMP oligonucleotides inhibited the migration of DU-145 cells on Ln-5. We also found that the prostate carcinoma cells expressing high levels of MT1-MMP, such as PC3N and PPC, demonstrated enhanced migration on human Ln-5-coated substrate, and this migration was inhibited using blocked antisense MT1-MMP oligonucleotides. In conclusion, this is a novel and important finding where we have shown that beta3-chain is cleaved by MT1-MMP, and this cleavage enhances migration of prostate cancer cells.
Udayakumar
Thirupandiyur S
TS
Department of Radiation Oncology, Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85724-5024, USA.
Chen
Man Ling
ML
Bair
Elisabeth L
EL
Von Bredow
Dorothea C
DC
Cress
Anne E
AE
Nagle
Raymond B
RB
Bowden
G Timothy
GT
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000097794:Kalinin
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000097794:Kalinin