Diabetes modifies the male:female ratio in pulmonary tuberculosis.
METHODS
Socio-cultural factors have been invoked to explain the male predominance among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, but there is no conclusive evidence of their role.


OBJECTIVE
To assess male predominance in a group of diabetics with pulmonary tuberculosis compared with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis alone.


METHODS
Clinical records of in-patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and with (TBDM group, n = 202) or without (TB group, n = 226) diabetes mellitus were reviewed, and the male percentages in each of six age groups (15-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, > or = 70 years) calculated.


RESULTS
In the TB group, no gender difference (51% males) was found in the first age period, followed by a male predominance thereafter (71%, 68%, 75%, 63% and 58%). The TBDM group showed a similar pattern in the first two age groups (56% and 74%), followed by a steadily decline (r(S) = -0.90, P = 0.04) in male percentage (60%, 44%, 45%, 27%), leading to a female predominance after age 50. The association of age and gender was also corroborated by logistic regression in TBDM (P = 0.02), but not in TB (P = 0.19) patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes was associated with a progressive shift of male predominance in pulmonary tuberculosis. Because diabetes is a disease that affects social activities similarly in men and women, our results suggest that factors other than socio-cultural ones are also important for determining the male predominance in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pérez-Guzmán
C
C
Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital General, CMN La Raza, México DF, Mexico.
Vargas
M H
MH
Torres-Cruz
A
A
Pérez-Padilla
J R
JR
Furuya
M E Y
ME
Villarreal-Velarde
H
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*