Strenuous work, nutrition and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a brief review.
This brief review explores the available epidemiologic data to investigate the question of whether strenuous work by women during pregnancy in developing countries influences micronutrient status and thereby increase risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some data exist on the potential relationship between strenuous work or physical activity and nutrient compromise, strenuous work or physical activity and adverse reproductive outcomes and micronutrient intakes or status and adverse reproductive outcomes. No substantial body of data exists that has directly investigated the potential causal path of whether strenuous work during pregnancy alters micronutrient status leading to adverse reproductive outcome. Search of the literature identified only a few papers from developing countries that provided even remotely related data on the topic. Thus, the available data are insufficient for drawing firm inferences that strenuous work, in a developing country, alters a pregnant woman's nutritional status and therefore affects her risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome. Effects on nutritional status, micronutrients in particular, of pregnant women from strenuous physical activities at work or in other lifestyle events require further study in developing countries.
Shaw
Gary M
GM
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA 94606, USA. gsh@cbdmp.org
D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018977:Micronutrients; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011203:Poverty; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D014937:Work / Q000145:classification
D018977:Micronutrients